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Journal articles on the topic 'Dependency syndrome'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 18 February 2022

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1

Howells, Roger, and Barbara Beats. "A Dementia Syndrome of Dependency?" British Journal of Psychiatry 154, no. 6 (June 1989): 872–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.154.6.872.

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The diagnostic process in a case of dementia associated with physical and emotional dependence is described. The utility of sodium amylobarbitone abreaction is considered. The role of both psychodynamic and organic factors are emphasised in the aetiological work-up. The organic factors discussed include alcohol, sedative tranquillisers, solvents, and metals. The term ‘pseudodementia’ is not favoured, and the phrase ‘dementia syndrome of dependency’ is proposed.

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2

Tanaka, Y. "Forced hyperphasia and environmental dependency syndrome." Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 68, no. 2 (February 1, 2000): 224–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.68.2.224.

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3

Mohd Isa, Mohd Fadzli, Norzaini Rose Mohd Zain, Francesco Gaillard, and Kok-Yoon Chee. "Toluene Dependency, Psychosis, and Cerebellar Syndrome." Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences 25, no. 2 (January 2013): E42—E43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.neuropsych.12050111.

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4

Kaler, Amy, and John R. Parkins. "Food, Donors, and Dependency Syndrome(s) in South Sudan." Sociology of Development 1, no. 3 (2015): 400–416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/sod.2015.1.3.400.

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This article investigates the deployment of dependency as a keyword in discussions of food security in South Sudan, on the basis of interviews and observations carried out in December 2012. Our initial intent was to estimate challenges to rural food security as the country emerged from decades of violent conflict. However, the notion of a “culture of dependency” arose persistently from our data, alongside more conventional information about food. We contextualize this discursive deployment of dependency within ongoing scholarly debates about the existence of “dependency syndromes” in humanitarian relief operations in central Africa and within academic discussions of the power of buzzwords and keywords in development discourse, with particular reference to Swidler and Watkins's 2009 article “‘Teach a Man to Fish’: The Doctrine of Sustainability and Its Effects on Three Strata of Malawian Society.” We argue that dependency in the South Sudanese context incorporates four facets: the near-total economic dependency of South Sudan on oil revenues; the social-structural dependency of rural communities on international nongovernmental organizations (INGOs) for basic foodstuffs; a so-called “culture of dependency” that our informants claimed had taken root in rural areas, so that local people had lost old habits of autonomy and self-reliance; and the reliance of INGOs on the populations they serve. We do not empirically validate these “dependencies” but treat them as discursive constructs with potentially major implications for rural development.

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5

Raper, Jr., James E., and Lynn Kasner Morgan. "Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome and Chemical Dependency." Advances in Alcohol & Substance Abuse 7, no. 2 (March 10, 1988): 197–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j251v07n02_15.

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6

Shih, Dong Her, Ching Chiang Chen, Hsiu Sen Chiang, and Ming Hung Shih. "Explore dependency syndrome on mobile phone user." International Journal of Mobile Communications 10, no. 5 (2012): 475. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijmc.2012.048882.

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7

Mangan, Brian G., and Diana G. Patterson. "The prevalence of alcohol dependence syndrome in a rural general hospital in Northern Ireland." Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine 11, no. 2 (June 1994): 73–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0790966700012374.

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AbstractObjective:To estimate the prevalence of alcohol dependence syndrome in a rural General Hospital.Method:The entire inpatient population of 107 patients was administered the CAGE questionnaire to detect alcohol dependency. Patients scoring two or more (maximum score 4) were diagnosed alcohol dependent.Results:Sixteen patients were unable to complete the questionnaire due to severity of illness or dementia. Of the 91 patients who completed the CAGE questionnaire, 20 scored one or more, and 12 scored two or more, giving a prevalence of probable alcohol dependency in this population of 13%. There were significantly more male alcohol dependent patients than female, 30% vs 2% (p<0.001). Fifty percent of the patients who scored on the CAGE as alcohol dependent were not recognised by medical staff as being problem drinkers. All of the alcohol dependent patients came from the medical and surgical units including Ear, Nose and Throat surgical unit (ENT).Conclusion:Administration of the CAGE questionnaire to all medical and surgical admissions seems to be one of the most economical way of detecting alcohol dependency and engaging patients in treatment as early as possible.

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8

Hoffmann, Michael. "Transient Environmental Dependency Syndrome due to Phendimetrazine Tartrate." European Neurology 58, no. 1 (2007): 49–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000102167.

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9

Turgay Yildirim, Özge, and Ayşegül Turgay. "Dose dependency of amiodarone induced “Blue man syndrome”." Heart & Lung 49, no. 3 (May 2020): 316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hrtlng.2019.12.002.

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10

Bachmann, C., J. Schaub, J. P. Colombo, B. J. Burri, L. Sweetman, and B. Wolf. "Rett syndrome revisited: A patient with biotin dependency." European Journal of Pediatrics 144, no. 6 (April 1986): 563–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00496036.

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11

Lu, Yang. "BROKEN-HEART, COMMON LIFE, HETEROGENEITY: ANALYZING THE SPOUSAL MORTALITY DEPENDENCE." ASTIN Bulletin 47, no. 3 (April 20, 2017): 837–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/asb.2017.8.

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AbstractUsing data on joint annuities, we conduct an analysis of the inter-couple lifetime dependence. We estimate a mixed proportional hazards model with treatment effects, which disentangles the broken-heart syndrome from the spurious risk dependence induced by unobserved heterogeneities. We use a flexible semi-parametric distribution for the unobserved heterogeneities to allow for either positive or negative spurious risk dependence. We find that the effect of losing one's spouse is asymmetric for the two sexes. Moreover, although the broken-heart syndrome explains a large portion of the dependency, there is evidence of positive spurious risk dependence. These findings have important implications for the pricing of joint insurance products. Failure to take into account either of these two effects leads to pricing error that can be either positive or negative, depending on the characteristics of the couple.

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12

Dyer, Anne Elizabeth. "A Discussion of Vulnerability in Mission for the Twenty-first Century from a Biblical Perspective." Transformation: An International Journal of Holistic Mission Studies 34, no. 1 (August 1, 2016): 38–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265378816631253.

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‘Vulnerable mission’ as a technical term was devised by a small team in 2007. There has been considerable Internet and conference debate on this issue since 2007. The issue for which vulnerable mission was formed is to create a way through dependency syndromes. For those working in areas of patron–client cultures where it is too easy to allow a dependency syndrome to develop, how can a vulnerable approach by the one sent be realistically engaged? This paper is an attempt to consider the definition and biblical warrant for the concept of missional vulnerability. Surveying various biblical scenes even in so brief a paper brings a prophetic challenge.

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13

Adachi, Yuka, Akemi Kasai, and Toru Imamura. "Environmental dependency syndrome (Lhermitte) after left frontal subcortical hemorrhage." Higher Brain Function Research 38, no. 2 (June 30, 2018): 255–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2496/hbfr.38.255.

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14

Gibson, D. M. "The Dormouse Syndrome— Restructuring the Dependency of the Elderly." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Sociology 21, no. 1 (March 1985): 44–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/144078338502100103.

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15

Li, Chunde, Luxin Yin, Tao Jiang, Zhenyu Ma, and Ge Jia. "Shunt dependency syndrome after cystoperitoneal shunting of arachnoid cysts." Child's Nervous System 30, no. 3 (August 29, 2013): 471–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00381-013-2248-8.

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16

Poças, Ilda Maria, Ana Grilo, Pedro Lino, Ana Cabrita, Ana Carvalho, Claudia Ruivo, Raquel Rocha, and Sara Cairrão. "Visual function and psychological variables in alcohol dependency syndrome." Strabismus 29, no. 2 (April 3, 2021): 130–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09273972.2021.1914685.

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17

Jiang, Dan, Guo-Du Tang, Ming-Yu Lai, Zhen-Ning Huang, and Zhi-Hai Liang. "Cronkhite-Canada syndrome with steroid dependency: A case report." World Journal of Clinical Cases 9, no. 14 (May 16, 2021): 3466–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.12998/wjcc.v9.i14.3466.

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18

Limpawattana, Panita, Kittisak Sawanyawisuth, Suvanee Soonpornrai, and Wilawan Huangthaisong. "Prevalence and recognition of geriatric syndromes in an outpatient clinic at a tertiary care hospital of Thailand." Asian Biomedicine 5, no. 4 (August 1, 2011): 493–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5372/1905-7415.0504.064.

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Abstract Background: Geriatric syndromes are a series of clinical conditions in the elderly that do not fit into distinct categories. They affect the quality of life of a patient and are associated with disability. Objectives: This study determined the prevalence of geriatric syndromes in an Internal Medicine Outpatient setting. It compared the prevalence of each geriatric syndrome when using a comprehensive geriatric assessment versus the routine medical assessment. Methods: One hundred twenty elderly patients of the Internal Medicine Outpatient Clinic of Srinagarind Hospital Medical School were randomly reviewed between January 2008 and May 2010. Information on baseline characteristics and the presence of a geriatric syndrome was collected. Data for 50 patients assessed using a comprehensive geriatric assessment were reviewed prospectively and data for 70 patients assessed by a routine medical assessment were reviewed retrospectively. The prevalence for each syndrome was compared between two groups. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square test were used to analyze these outcomes. Results: The mean age and sex were not different between the two groups. Comparing the comprehensive geriatric assessment and routine medical assessment groups, there were, respectively, a prevalence of 30% vs. 1% for falls, 16% vs. 19% for dementia, 24% vs. 9% for urinary incontinence, 50% vs. 17% for functional dependency, and 22% vs. 14% for depression. Each syndrome was more prevalent with increasing age and in females. Falls (RR 2.79; 95% CI, 2.07-3.75), functional dependency (RR 2.24; 95% CI, 1.51-3.33) and urinary incontinence (RR 1.79; 95% CI, 1.18-2.70) had significantly higher prevalence in the comprehensive geriatric assessment group compared with the routine medical assessment group. Conclusions: Geriatric syndromes were highly prevalent in the elderly outpatient population. Under-recognition of these syndromes with routine medical assessments is common. Therefore, routine screening of these conditions by the comprehensive geriatric assessment is recommended.

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19

Senthil, M. "FAMILY INTERACTION PATTERN AND CO-DEPENDENCY IN SPOUSES OF ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE IN COMPARISON WITH NORMAL CONTROL." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 4, no. 2 (February 29, 2016): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v4.i2.2016.2822.

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Alcoholism is destructive to those closest to the alcoholic, and it affects families in several different ways. Many times, rehabilitating an alcoholic is only one part of the process of healing a home. Family members may also need support and counseling. Families with alcohol dependent suffer from a range of problems. Spouses can live in constant conflict. The present study aim was to compare the family interaction and codependency in spouses of alcohol dependence in comparison with normal control. It was a cross sectional study and purposive sampling method was used. Sample consisted of 30 spouses of individuals with alcohol dependence and 30 spouses of normal individuals. Alcohol Dependence Questionnaire was administered on the patient and General Health Questionnaire was administered on spouses for screening purpose. Socio-demographic data sheet, Family Interaction Pattern scale, and Co-dependency Scale were administered on the spouse of both groups. The data was analyzed using SPSS.16. The result revealed that spouses of individuals with alcohol dependence Syndrome had significantly higher scores in Family Interaction Pattern Scale; especially in the domains of reinforcement and role as compared to spouses of normal individuals. It also suggested that the level of codependency was significantly higher to the spouses of individuals with Alcohol Dependence Syndrome as compared to spouses of normal individuals.

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20

Zucker, Nili, Aviva Levitas, and Eli Zalzstein. "Methotrexate in recurrent postpericardiotomy syndrome." Cardiology in the Young 13, no. 2 (April 2003): 206–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951103000404.

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The postpericardiotomy syndrome occurs in up to one-third of children undergoing cardiac surgery. Its treatment includes anti-inflammatory agents, diuresis, and drainage of effusions. Administration of steroids can have a dramatic effect, but is limited by adverse effects. Usually the syndrome lasts weeks only, and persistence beyond six months is exceptional. We describe a rare case of chronic postpericardiotomy syndrome, with recurrent pericardial effusions and steroid dependency, that was treated successfully with a low weekly dose of methotrexate.

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21

Mirza, Saira S., Kashif Shafique, Priya Vart, and Moin I. Arain. "Areca nut chewing and dependency syndrome: Is the dependence comparable to smoking? a cross sectional study." Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy 6, no. 1 (2011): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1747-597x-6-23.

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22

Dong, Fangyong, Zhen Wang, Yakun Li, Zirong Chen, Suojun Zhang, and Feng Wan. "Shunt Dependency Syndrome after Cyst-Peritoneal Shunt Resolved by Keyhole Microsurgical Cyst Resection: Two Case Reports and Literature Review." Neuropediatrics 49, no. 05 (July 12, 2018): 310–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1661395.

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Objective Shunt dependency syndrome after cyst-peritoneal (CP) shunt is a rare but serious complication which leads to increased intracranial pressure and neurological deficit. The possible mechanism still remains in controversy. We present our experience on the treatment of the complication and attempt to find a better therapy strategy for the complication. Methods Two children with middle fossa arachnoid cysts underwent CP shunt with fixed pressure catheters at an opening pressure of 7 cmH2O and then developed dependency syndrome. Both patients were effectively treated by mini-invasive cyst wall excision with the shunts reserved. The clinical manifestation, radiological findings, treatment methods, and therapeutic outcomes were reviewed retrospectively. Results The time from shunt surgery to shunt dependency syndrome occurrence was 4 and 2 years, respectively. Computed tomography/magnetic resonance findings of the brain showed remarkably collapsed cysts with normal or small ventricles. Both patients underwent secondary mini-invasive cyst wall excision and shunt catheters were reserved. After the operations, their symptoms were resolved except one case with marginally improved visual impairment. Conclusion Shunt dependency syndrome is a rare but dangerous complication of CP shunt and should be treated in time. Collapsed and thickened cyst wall intermittent covering the catheter head end, decreased brain compliance due to chronic fibrosis, as well as regression of cerebrospinal fluid absorption could be the pathogenesis. We suggest keyhole resection of the residual cyst wall as an effective and mini-invasive treatment option.

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23

Keefe, DavidL, and Philip Sarrel. "Dependency on progesterone in woman with self-diagnosed premenstrual syndrome." Lancet 347, no. 9009 (April 1996): 1182. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(96)90639-x.

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24

Paquier, Claire Ragno, and Frédéric Assal. "A Case of Oral Spelling Behavior: Another Environmental Dependency Syndrome." Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology 20, no. 4 (December 2007): 235–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/wnn.0b013e31814da110.

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25

Williams, Ashley Mai, Gary Christopher, and Elizabeth Jenkinson. "The psychological impact of dependency in adults with chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis: A qualitative exploration." Journal of Health Psychology 24, no. 2 (April 19, 2016): 264–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359105316643376.

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Chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis can limit functional capacity, producing various degrees of disability and psychological distress. Semi-structured interviews explored the experiences of adults with chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis being physically dependent on other people for help in daily life, and whether physical dependency affects their psychological well-being. Thematic analysis generated six themes: loss of independence and self-identity, an invisible illness, anxieties of today and the future, catch-22, internalised anger, and acceptance of the condition. The findings provide insight into the psychological impact of dependency. Implications for intervention include better education relating to chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis for family members, carers, and friends; ways to communicate their needs to others who may not understand chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis; and awareness that acceptance of the condition could improve psychological well-being.

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26

Devidas Sharma, Dr Aribam. "NORTH EAST INDIA, DEPENDENCY SYNDROME AND ENERGY SECURITY: THE REALITY CHECK." International Journal of Social Science and Economic Research 05, no. 06 (June 30, 2020): 1490–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.46609/ijsser.2020.v05i06.010.

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27

Yap, H. K., E. J. S. Han, C. K. Heng, and W. K. Gong. "Risk factors for steroid dependency in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome." Pediatric Nephrology 16, no. 12 (December 1, 2001): 1049–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004670100024.

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28

Letavernier, Béatrice, Emmanuel Letavernier, Sandrine Leroy, Valérie Baudet-Bonneville, Albert Bensman, and Tim Ulinski. "Prediction of high-degree steroid dependency in pediatric idiopathic nephrotic syndrome." Pediatric Nephrology 23, no. 12 (December 2008): 2221–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00467-008-0914-y.

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29

Conchiglia, Giovannina, Gennaro Della Rocca, and Dario Grossi. "On a Peculiar Environmental Dependency Syndrome in a Case with Frontal-Temporal Damage: Zelig-like Syndrome." Neurocase 13, no. 1 (March 27, 2007): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13554790601160558.

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30

Eldridge, Whitney. "Pediatricians Should Know About Kratom: A Pediatrician’s Perspective." Archives of Medical Case Reports and Case Study. 1, no. 1 (July 26, 2018): 01–02. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2688-7517/004.

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Kratom is an herbal alkaloid dietary supplement that acts agonistically at opioid receptors. It is increasingly used by those with opioid dependency to treat symptoms of opioid withdrawal. Classification and regulation of kratom is controversial. Currently it is unregulated, widely available and heavily advertised. Advocates tout its potential to help those with opioid dependency however risks to kratom use are well documented. It has been associated with dependency, withdrawal, toxicity and more recently neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) or withdrawal in newborns. For these reasons, pediatricians need to be aware of its existence and potential to impact their patients.

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Volkers, Linda, Kristopher M. Kahlig, Joost H. G. Das, Marjan J. A. van Kempen, Dick Lindhout, Bobby P. C. Koeleman, and Martin B. Rook. "Febrile temperatures unmask biophysical defects in Nav1.1 epilepsy mutations supportive of seizure initiation." Journal of General Physiology 142, no. 6 (November 25, 2013): 641–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.201311042.

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Generalized epilepsy with febrile seizures plus (GEFS+) is an early onset febrile epileptic syndrome with therapeutic responsive (a)febrile seizures continuing later in life. Dravet syndrome (DS) or severe myoclonic epilepsy of infancy has a complex phenotype including febrile generalized or hemiclonic convulsions before the age of 1, followed by intractable myoclonic, complex partial, or absence seizures. Both diseases can result from mutations in the Nav1.1 sodium channel, and initially, seizures are typically triggered by fever. We previously characterized two Nav1.1 mutants—R859H (GEFS+) and R865G (DS)—at room temperature and reported a mixture of biophysical gating defects that could not easily predict the phenotype presentation as either GEFS+ or DS. In this study, we extend the characterization of Nav1.1 wild-type, R859H, and R865G channels to physiological (37°C) and febrile (40°C) temperatures. At physiological temperature, a variety of biophysical defects were detected in both mutants, including a hyperpolarized shift in the voltage dependence of activation and a delayed recovery from fast and slow inactivation. Interestingly, at 40°C we also detected additional gating defects for both R859H and R865G mutants. The GEFS+ mutant R859H showed a loss of function in the voltage dependence of inactivation and an increased channel use-dependency at 40°C with no reduction in peak current density. The DS mutant R865G exhibited reduced peak sodium currents, enhanced entry into slow inactivation, and increased use-dependency at 40°C. Our results suggest that fever-induced temperatures exacerbate the gating defects of R859H or R865G mutants and may predispose mutation carriers to febrile seizures.

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32

Sanei-Moghaddam, A., T. Wilson, S. Kumar, and R. Gray. "An unfortunate case of Pendred syndrome." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 125, no. 9 (July 12, 2011): 965–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215111001630.

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AbstractObjective:To report a patient with Pendred syndrome who developed life-threatening hypokalaemia as an unpredicted consequence of implant-induced imbalance and alcohol dependency, leading to multiple cardiac arrests.Setting:Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.Method:Case report and review of the English language literature concerning Pendred syndrome and cochlear implantation in Pendred syndrome patients.Result:Pendred syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder which mainly affects the inner ear, thyroid and kidneys. It accounts for 10 per cent of syndromic hearing loss cases. The majority of Pendred syndrome patients are referred to cochlear implant programmes for hearing assessment and therapy. They may also have an underlying metabolic abnormality which is not clinically apparent.Conclusion:Providing cochlear implants to patients with Pendred syndrome demands extensive knowledge of this condition, in order to avoid potential morbidity.

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33

Thakore, Jogin H., and Timothy G. Dinan. "Are blunted dexamethasone-induced growth hormone responses unique to depression?" Psychological Medicine 26, no. 5 (September 1996): 1053–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291700035376.

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SynopsisIn health, acute administration of glucocorticoids, such as dexamethasone (DEX), leads to growth hormone (GH) secretion. Depression is characterized by blunted DEX/GH responses. In order to determine the specificity of this test for depression we administered 4 mg of oral DEX, to patients with a DSM-III-R diagnosis of depression, schizophrenia, mania and alcohol dependency syndrome. Samples for GH estimation were taken at − 15 min, 0 min, +60 min, +180 min, +240 min and +300 min. GH responses were attenuated to a similar degree in depression and mania. Less marked attenuation was seen in schizophrenia while those with alcohol dependency syndrome had GH responses indistinguishable from normal volunteers. Overall, we conclude that subnormal DEX/GH secretion is not specific to depression.

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34

Risum, Malene, Toke Barfod, and Klas Raaschou-Jensen. "Transient Elastography for the Detection of Hepatic Iron Overload in Patients with Myelodysplastic Syndrome." European Oncology & Haematology 12, no. 02 (2016): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.17925/eoh.2016.12.02.103.

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Background: In myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), anemia often leads to red blood cell transfusion dependency and iron overload (IOL). Serum ferritin (SF) is used as a surrogate marker for IOL. IOL can lead to liver failure. Transient elastography (TE) also known as fibroscan is an easy and noninvasive procedure for liver stiffness measurements (LSM). Methods: Sixty patients with either MDS, chronic myelomonocytic leukemia with dysplastic features, acute myeloid leukemia progressed from MDS or myelodysplastic/ myeloproliferative neoplasm, unclassifiable were included. All patients underwent a fibroscan, had their SF measured and disease duration calculated. Patients were grouped according to transfusion dependency or independency status. Results: Transfusion dependent patients had significantly higher LSM than those who were transfusion independent (p=0.003). There was no positive correlation between SF and LSM (p=0.103) or time since diagnosis and LSM (p=0.886). Patients with elevated SF did not have significantly higher LSM compared to those with normal SF (p=0.583). Conclusion: These data indicate that transfusion dependency has an impact on liver stiffness in MDS. Longitudinel studies are needed to conclude whether TE is of value in monitoring IOL in MDS.

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35

Beaulieu, Michele J. "Oral Clonidine in the Management of Acquired Opioid Dependency." Neonatal Network 32, no. 6 (2013): 419–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0730-0832.32.6.419.

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Clonidine is a nonnarcotic analgesic historically used as a nasal decongestant and more recently established as an antihypertensive agent in adults. Because of its sedative properties with few adverse effects, clonidine has also been reported to be an effective pharmacologic agent for the treatment of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS). The use of oral clonidine as a primary or secondary agent in the treatment of NAS has been found to reduce hospitalization and duration of treatment in this population.

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36

Sunwoo, Woong Sang, Sung-Lyong Hong, Sang-Wook Kim, Sung Joon Park, Doo Hee Han, Jeong-Whun Kim, Chul Hee Lee, and Chae-Seo Rhee. "Association between Positional Dependency and Obstruction Site in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome." Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology 5, no. 4 (2012): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.3342/ceo.2012.5.4.218.

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37

Herppich, Birgit. "Book Review: Roots and Remedies of the Dependency Syndrome in World Missions." Missiology: An International Review 39, no. 4 (October 2011): 523–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009182961103900424.

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38

Pritham, Ursula A., Jonathan A. Paul, and Marie J. Hayes. "Opioid Dependency in Pregnancy and Length of Stay for Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome." Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing 41, no. 2 (March 2012): 180–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1552-6909.2011.01330.x.

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39

Cooke, Janet Fay, and Angelica Orb. "The Recovery Phase in Guillain-Barré Syndrome: Moving From Dependency to Independence." Rehabilitation Nursing 28, no. 4 (July 8, 2003): 105–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2048-7940.2003.tb01726.x.

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40

Yang, Dong Won, Howard J. Rosen, Maria-Luisa Gorno-Tempini, Bruce L. Miller, Joel H. Kramer, Michael Weiner, and Marc Sollberger. "IC-P1-068: Structural anatomy of environmental dependency syndrome in neurodegenerative disease." Alzheimer's & Dementia 4 (July 2008): T35—T36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2008.05.2510.

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41

Isidori, Andrea M., and Andrea Lenzi. "Ectopic ACTH syndrome." Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia & Metabologia 51, no. 8 (November 2007): 1217–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-27302007000800007.

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Ectopic adrenocorticotropic secretion (EAS) is responsible for 12-17% of cases of Cushing's syndrome (CS) and covers a range of tumours, from undetectable benign lesions to widespread metastases. The syndrome is often associated with severe hypercortisolaemia, which aggravates the underlying condition. EAS requires a complete workup that includes the establishment of endogenous CS, diagnosis of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) dependency, localization of the source of ACTH secretion and rapid biochemical control of hypercortisolaemia. Dynamic endocrine tests should include inferior petrosal sinus sampling with CRH stimulation. Localization studies depend on the availability of reliable high-resolution cross-sectional imaging. This systematic review of the largest published series of patients with EAS (over 380 patients) reveals the common trends in the prevalence and management of this syndrome. The concept of 'occult' EAS has been revisited and the terms 'overt' and 'covert' EAS introduced. In addition to small cell lung carcinoma, the most common causes of ectopic EAS are bronchial carcinoids, thymic tumours, islet cell tumour of the pancreas, medullary thyroid carcinomas, and phaeochromocytomas. Their prevalence and the best localization modalities are presented. Medical and surgical management is discussed on the basis of the extensive experience of major referral centres.

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Gregg, Xylina T., Vishnu Reddy, and Josef T. Prchal. "Copper deficiency masquerading as myelodysplastic syndrome." Blood 100, no. 4 (August 15, 2002): 1493–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2002-01-0256.

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We describe a woman with severe neutropenia and dependency on red blood cell transfusions who had previously undergone Billroth II surgery and whose bone marrow (BM) showed morphologic characteristics typical of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) with ringed sideroblasts. She had transient reversal of anemia and severe neutropenia after therapy with erythropoietin and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. Because of relapse while receiving growth factors, the patient was referred for allogeneic BM transplantation. A pretransplantation nutritional evaluation revealed severe copper deficiency, and her hematologic abnormalities resolved fully with copper therapy. This case shows that copper deficiency should be an integral part of the differential diagnosis of sideroblastic MDS, even in patients not requiring parenteral nutrition.

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Webb, G. J., K. Smith, F. Thursby-Pelham, T. Smith, M. A. Stroud, and A. N. De Silva. "Complications of Emergency Refeeding in Anorexia Nervosa: Case series and review." Acute Medicine Journal 10, no. 2 (April 1, 2011): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.52964/amja.0470.

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The refeeding syndrome is common among patients with anorexia nervosa. It may be lethal and has many manifestations. We report a case series of 14 anorexic patients admitted for feeding to a single British centre. There was a high prevalence of the refeeding syndrome, with three cases requiring higher dependency unit support and one death. We present a review of the refeeding syndrome in anorectics and highlight our impression that infection among such patients may be serious and under-recognised.

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Finney, Catherine M., and Mario F. Mendez. "Diogenes Syndrome in Frontotemporal Dementia." American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease & Other Dementiasr 32, no. 7 (June 29, 2017): 438–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1533317517717012.

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Diogenes syndrome refers to the combination of extreme self-neglect and excessive collecting with clutter and squalor, which is often present in patients with dementia. Diogenes syndrome may be particularly common in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), and the investigation of these patients may help clarify the nature of this syndrome. We describe 5 patients with bvFTD who exhibited a decline in self-care accompanied by hoarding behaviors. These patients, and a review of the literature, suggest a combination of frontal lobe disturbances: loss of insight or self-awareness with a failure to clean up or discard, a general compulsive drive, and an innate impulse to take environmental items. This impulse may be part of the environmental dependency syndrome in frontal disease, with specific involvement of a right frontolimbic–striatal system. Further investigation of the similarities and mechanisms of these symptoms in bvFTD could help in understanding Diogenes syndrome and lead to potential treatment options.

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Latecki, B. "The under-diagnosed green-eyed monster: Otello syndrome and how to manage it." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): s850. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1687.

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Otello syndrome derives its name from Shakespeare's drama (character) and, clinically, describes a person with delusions of the partner's infidelity. A variety of other psychopathology may present: obsessive-compulsive features, alcohol dependency, voyeurism, sadism, possessiveness and domineering, hyper-sexuality, paranoid attitude, abuse of different nature, violent behaviour, including, occasionally, homicide. Yet, in the author's opinion, the syndrome, unless it presents itself as obviously absurd, is frequently missed.Management is rather difficult and does not always result in recovery but, if not treated with neuroleptics, it would render any other means of treatment useless. The condition could pose a diagnostic challenge. Moreover, it also poses an ethical dilemma whether to warn the spouse of the psychotic condition of the partner, the poor prognosis and possible implications of its existence. Moreover, the long-term partners of such patients frequently present with the symptoms of dependency, submissiveness or even masochism.The paper discusses the abovementioned issues, including the likely psychodynamics, biological background, historical and social elements and possible effective management.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.

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Fagan, John, and Eamon Keenan. "Neonatal outcome following buprenorphine maintenance for opiate dependency." Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine 25, no. 4 (December 2008): 141–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0790966700011265.

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AbstractMethadone substitution improves maternal and neonatal outcomes. However methadone induced neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) is common. Buprenorphine-exposed neonates may be at a lower risk of NAS. Currently in the Republic of Ireland, buprenorphine does not have a special licence for use in pregnancy. We describe here the history and neonatal outcomes of the first Irish woman maintained on buprenorphine during two pregnancies.Supervised urinanalysis on this mother between and throughout both pregnancies did not reveal any illicit drug use. She delivered two post-term babies of normal birth weight and length. The second infant required treatment for NAS for 21 days with morphine sulphate. Although the use of buprenorphine in pregnancy does not remove the possibility of NAS, neonatal outcomes of buprenorphine-maintained women compares favourably to methadone. As the use of buprenorphine becomes more established in Ireland, the management of buprenorphine-exposed neonates will become more common.

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Ferreira, Anthony, Stéphanie Lamarque, Patrice Boyer, Fernando Perez-Diaz, Roland Jouvent, and Charles Cohen-Salmon. "Spontaneous appetence for wheel-running: a model of dependency on physical activity in rat." European Psychiatry 21, no. 8 (December 2006): 580–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2005.02.003.

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AbstractAccording to human observations of a syndrome of physical activity dependence and its consequences, we tried to examine if running activity in a free activity paradigm, where rats had a free access to activity wheel, may present a valuable animal model for physical activity dependence and most generally to behavioral dependence. The pertinence of reactivity to novelty, a well-known pharmacological dependence predictor was also tested. Given the close linkage observed in human between physical activity and drugs use and abuse, the influence of free activity in activity wheels on reactivity to amphetamine injection and reactivity to novelty were also assessed. It appeared that (1) free access to wheel may be used as a valuable model for physical activity addiction, (2) two populations differing in activity amount also differed in dependence to wheel-running. (3) Reactivity to novelty did not appeared as a predictive factor for physical activity dependence (4) activity modified novelty reactivity and (5) subjects who exhibited a high appetence to wheel-running, presented a strong reactivity to amphetamine. These results propose a model of dependency on physical activity without any pharmacological intervention, and demonstrate the existence of individual differences in the development of this addiction. In addition, these data highlight the development of a likely vulnerability to pharmacological addiction after intense and sustained physical activity, as also described in man. This model could therefore prove pertinent for studying behavioral dependencies and the underlying neurobiological mechanisms. These results may influence the way psychiatrists view behavioral dependencies and phenomena such as doping in sport or addiction to sport itself.

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Çakar, Merih Kızıl, Zeynep Arzu Yegin, Nuran Ahu Baysal, Şermin Altındal, Merve Pamukçuoğlu, Bülent Çelik, and İdil Yenicesu. "Adverse impact of hyperferritinemia and transfusion dependency on treatment success in myelodysplastic syndrome." Transfusion and Apheresis Science 48, no. 3 (June 2013): 397–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.transci.2013.04.025.

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Mellor, Russell H., Naomi Tate, Anthony W. B. Stanton, Charlotte Hubert, Taija Mäkinen, Alberto Smith, Kevin G. Burnand, Steve Jeffery, J. Rodney Levick, and Peter S. Mortimer. "Mutations in FOXC2 in Humans (Lymphoedema Distichiasis Syndrome) Cause Lymphatic Dysfunction on Dependency." Journal of Vascular Research 48, no. 5 (2011): 397–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000323484.

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Kemper, M. J., E. Kuwertz-Broeking, M. Bulla, D. E. Mueller-Wiefel, and T. J. Neuhaus. "Recurrence of severe steroid dependency in cyclosporin A-treated childhood idiopathic nephrotic syndrome." Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 19, no. 5 (February 19, 2004): 1136–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfh066.

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