Academic literature on the topic 'Dependent clause in asyndetic compound sentence'

The paper syntactically and semantically analyzes the constructions of the doubled imper- ative in which the second imperative has a final meaning only recognized in the latest syntac- tic literature, which is confirmed by the substitution of the imperative by the final infinitive and the final da-present-tense clause which is always possible, such as: Idi kupi [→ kupiti / da kupiš] novine. The basic question to be answered in the paper is: how, and in which syntac- tic-semantic conditions, is it possible that two finite verb forms separated neither by conjunc- tions, nor by punctuation, form a very specific asyndetic construction which is subordinate in its semantic status, and whose only conjunctive equivalent syntactically is a coordinated copulative sentence. In the conducted analysis the characteristics of doubled imperatives, unseparated or sepa- rated by commas were interrelated. Doubled comma-separated imperatives represent asyndetic copulative sentences. Thanks to the semantic correlation of imperative verbs, these sentences represent a special semantic subtype of copulative sentences: independent asyndetic and/or syn- detic copulative sentences with final meaning (e.g. Dođi, jedi / Dođi i jedi). The meaning of finality is thus, within an independent compound sentence, only a subtype of copulative meaning. The constructions of doubled imperatives not separated by commas represent a unique case of structurally subordinated constructions in the Serbian language. They are structured as dependent syntagms, since the second imperative performs the function of an adverbial complement or goal determination, just as the one the semantically equivalent final infinitive does, too. These constructions are synonymous constructions with three imperative particles: hajde, daj and de(der), due to the fact that these particles appear in the meaning of the imper- atives idi, pođi, dođi and the like (cf. Hajde / daj / deder donesi vode → Idi / pođi / kreni don- esi vode). Having in mind that imperative particles form a compact intonation unit with the imperative verb following them, then there is no justification to separate the imperative par- ticle from the verb in the imperative with a comma in writing. Since imperative particles are pragmatically synonymous with basic verbs of movement - this equivalence is also transferred to writing: no comma or any other punctuation mark is placed between the doubled imperatives. It is this fact that enables the final interpretation of the second imperative in the constructions of the doubled or reduplicated imperative. And its final meaning is confirmed by the possibil- ity of substitution by a final infinitive and/or a final da-present-tense clause without changing the meaning of the utterance.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penggunaan kalimat majemuk berbahasa Inggris yang ditemukan pada poster digital di Instagram. Metode deskriptif kualitatif digunakan untuk menggambarkan pola penggunaan kalimat tersebut. Sumber data penelitian ini diambil dari poster digital di Instagram yang dibuat oleh mahasiswa bahasa Inggris semester 3. Adapun data penelitian berupa teks dalam poster yang mengandung kalimat majemuk. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Data dianalisis menggunakan teori sintaksis bahasa Inggris. Selanjutnya peneliti menggambarkan pola-pola kalimat majemuk yang ditemukan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat tiga jenis kalimat majemuk bahasa Inggris dalam poster digital. Ketiganya adalah compound sentence (14 kalimat), complex sentence (30 kalimat), dan compound complex sentence (7 kalimat). Dari tiga jenis kalimat majemuk tersebut ditemukan berbagai macam variasi struktur pola. Secara prinsip, pola compound sentence terdiri dari minimal dua independent clause yang dihubungkan oleh sebuah coordinating conjunction. Pola complex sentence terdiri dari minimal satu independent clause dan satu dependent clause dalam sebuah kalimat yang dihubungkan oleh subordinating conjunction. Selanjutnya pola compound complex sentence terdiri atas gabungan compound sentence dan complex sentence dalam sebuah kalimat.

Summary The present article deals with Easy-to-read Russian. It focuses on the level of syntax which is mainly characterized by the avoidance of complex sentence structures. The necessity to write sentences that are as short and simple as possible is intuitively comprehensible, but often difficult to implement in practice since Easy-to-read texts also have to express causal, final or many other relations. Suggestions for avoiding complex syntactic structures in Russian are submitted and put up for discussion by consulting results and important proposals of studies about German “Leichte Sprache”. This includes both clause constructions and complex sentences with their individual subgroups as well as asyndetic compound sentences. On the whole, the study is intended to make a linguistically substantiated contribution to the development of Easy-to-read Russian, for which there are only initial approaches available today.

The Role of Pronouns in Determining a Branch Sentence in the Azerbaijani Language Summary The article deals with the role of pronouns, especially demonstrative pronouns, in determining branch sentence types in the Azerbaijani language. It is shown that the demostrative pronouns, which act as a template, are of great importance in the definition of subordinate complex sentences. Branch clauses are named according to clause members that are omitted or marked with demonstrative pronouns in the main clause. Thus, the demostrative pronouns that determine the branch sentence type are analyzed by dividing them into two parts according to the corresponding types of subordinate compound sentences. In the first type, the main clause comes first, and the demostrative pronouns used here have a template function, while in the second type, the branch clause comes first, and in the second main clause, the demostrative pronouns are evaluated as the equivalent of connecting words expressed by interrogative pronouns. Key words: Azerbaijani language, subordinate complex sentences, main sentence, dependent sentence, demonstrative pronouns

The article is based on notion of conditional sentences, the comparative analysis of the characteristics of speech in English and Uzbek. Students learn notion of sentences in English and Uzbek languages. They also find information about conditional sentences<strong>, </strong>an independent sentence, an exclamatory sentence, an interrogative sentence, a complex sentence, a mixed sentence or compound-complex sentence. <strong>The results of the article can be used in lectures and seminars on general linguistics, lexicology, comparative linguistics, linguoculturology, as well as in seminars, dissertations, textbooks, manuals. </strong>

The syntax of a complex sentence is of great interest to researchers of various languages. Despite active research, there are many issues to be clarified. Our attention is focused on the syntax of the Khakass language. Previous investigations were devoted to asyndetic compound sentences, concessive and causal constructions in the Khakass language in comparison with the Russian language. Still, given that only a small section of the scientific grammar of the Khakass language covers the topic under discussion, such studies are of great relevance. The current study deals with complex sentences in the Khakas language, namely the bipredicative constructions of place that have not received proper coverage yet. The purpose was to identify and describe the structures concerned. The research revealed that Khakass bipredicative constructions of place are represented by two structural types. The first category includes the constructions in which the relationship between the dependent predicative unit and the main predicative unit is usually realized analytically by means of pronominal adverbs and correlative words, namely deictic locative adverbs. The second type involves determinative constructions, which are dependent predicative units in bipredicative constructions of place. The main predicative unit is connected with the dependent predicative unit by the words in spatial cases (dative, locative, directive, and ablative), and in the dependent predicative unit, they are represented by pronominal adverbs. Furthermore, the dependent predicative unit completely identifies the main predicative unit in space.

The claim that Chinese had neither unambiguous, nor obligatory syntactic or morphological markers of counterfactuality, which has loomed large with philosophers of language, sinologists, and cognitive psychologists during the better part of the 20th century, is reviewed here from a diachronic and typological perspective, focussing on Old Chinese (OC). In contradistinction from the cross-linguistically widespread use of past-tense morphology or, less commonly, of dissociative spatial markers, the predominant strategy to mark counterfactuals in OC was &lsquo;direct&rsquo; assertion in the protasis. It made use of a non-indicative copula marked for stativity by prefixation, which acts as a complementizer vis-&agrave;-vis the dependent clause. Morphological analysis, building upon advances in the reconstruction of OC&nbsp; phonology in Jacques (2000), suggests that OC combined this non-indicative copula with a causative morpheme (*s-) to encode concessives and with an existential negative (*ma-) to&nbsp; express a non-facultative negative counterfactual, surfacing as wēi 微 (&ldquo;if it be not that...&rdquo;). Straightforward &ldquo;positive&rdquo; counterfactuality could also be expressed through conjunction&nbsp; compounding in late Classical and Medieval Chinese, or by the use of simple superordinate verbs such as shǐ 使 or l&igrave;ng 令. Morphologically, these share the property of being derived&nbsp; from the underlying verb base by causative or deontic prefixes, but CF interpretation also depends on the interplay with schetic markers and pragmatic embedding in the remainder of the sentence. Non-obligatory marking of counterfactuals thus emerges as a preference,&nbsp; not as a categorical incapacity, while the choice of &lsquo;direct&rsquo; assertion, rather than temporal or distal implicatures to convey it, is unrelated to the richness of morphology in a given&nbsp;language.

The given article presents the views on the dependent clause in asyndetic compound sentences and their broad variants of usage. The semantic relations between the components of the asyndetic compound sentences are shown, where the second component directly defines the meaning of the first component of the sentences. The classification of semantic relations between the two components of asyndetic compound sentences with dependent clause in the Uzbek language is presented by examples. Furthermore, the syntactic functions of the subordinate clause in the asyndetic compound sentences are also the matter of investigations.

This study investigated two syntactic aspects of Balinese proverbs, namely sentence types and sentence functions. Descriptive qualitative method was applied in this study. The data were obtained from a Balinese proverbs book entitled Paribasa Bali by Ginarsa (2009), and analyzed based on Mac Coinnigh’s framework (2015). The results revealed that a number of Balinese proverbs have simple sentence type, while few of which have complex, compound, and compound-complex sentence type. Additionally, not all Balinese proverbs can be considered as a sentence, since some of which appear in the form of incomplete sentence and dependent clause. Meanwhile, in terms of sentence functions, the most common form among Balinese proverbs is declarative/indicative function, followed by some interrogatives, imperatives, and few combinations of two sentence functions. These findings indicate that Balinese people are more likely to use simple sentence and declarative/indicative function when it comes to passing proverbs in everyday context. However, it is also implied that Balinese people have the tendency to employ various types and functions of proverbs for specific purposes, such as performance and religious purposes.

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English. 從句法、語義、語用的三維角度出發，本文對“V著也是V著”格式進行初步考察。指出“V著也是V著”是一個緊縮結構，由於在語義上不够自足，缺乏句法獨立性，它一般要與其他小句一起構成複句。該結構構成複句的語義關係主要是兩種：因果、選擇。整個格式的語用意義是“説話人認爲某種持續行爲或狀態缺少積極性或缺乏價值，爲克服或避免這種情況，應該採取一個‘略好‘的新行爲。Based on the three-dimensional theory, the article focuses on the syntactic &amp; semantic &amp; pragmatic features of the structure "V 著也是 V 著”. It argues that “V 著也是 V 著” structure is syntactically dependent and usually appears as a clause of a compound sentence. The inner semantic relationship of the compound sentence can be divided into two kinds: cause-effect and selective. The pragmatic meaning of the whole structure may be generalized as “The speaker believes one lasting state or action lacks activity or value. To change or to avoid this situation, a new action which is a little better ought to be taken”.

Abstract The following sentence contains two strings each of which qualifies as a sentence as described up to this point. The two strings are bracketed. [Virginia went to Richmond] and[Vanessa stayed in Bloomsbury]. It is a compound sentence. It contains two independent sentences or independent clauses. The word clause refers to a sentence that is part of a larger sentence. Now look at the following sentences, each of which contains two clauses, an independent main clause and a dependent or subordinate clause.