Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Déphosphatation'
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Cabanes, Frédéric. "Déphosphatation des effluents : précipitation et valorisation du phosphore." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2006. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7412/1/cabanes.pdf.
Full textCabanes, Frédéric. "Déphosphatation des effluents : précipitation et valorisation du phosphore." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2006. https://hal.science/tel-04576494.
Full textThe subject of this report is efficient phosphorus recovery from effluents by precipitation in basic solution of an insoluble calcium phosphate in either a fluidised bed of hydroxyapatite (HAP) seeds or in a stirred reactor. In the case of a synthetic effluent containing only phosphorus (50mg/L), the final concentration after treatment is reduced to less than 1mg/L when the temperature (35°C) and the pH (7. 5) are suitably selected. Precipitation, crystalline growth and coating phenomena were studied. Under the optimal conditions, the treatment using the fluidised bed process allows the precipitate to be retained entirely within the bed. Magnesium assists the coating in the fluidised bed process but inhibits crystalline growth. However at high pH (above 9) the phosphorus is recovered effectively. In all cases the recovered phosphorus can be directly reused by phosphate manufacturers
Wouters-Wasiak, Katia. "Etude et contrôle des processus de nitrification - dénitrification - déphosphatation biologique." Toulouse, INSA, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ISAT0060.
Full textThree main research axes were held during my PhD: The study of nitrification kinetics at full scale and in batch; study of releases and uptake kinetics of phosphate; the evaluation of the interest of ORP measure for control of nitrification, denitrification and enhanced biological phosphorus removal. The study at full-scale as well as the batch experiments have proved that, for a sufficient sludge age, the nitrification rate, expressed per liter of sludge, varies slightly with the sludge concentration, within 2 to 4. 5 g/l VSS. A higher sludge concentration does not implicate a higher nitrification capacity. Batch tests were realised to determine the influence of both COD concentration and anaerobic residence time on both phosphate release and uptake rates. The phosphor-release rate, settled on the first anaerobic hour, was proportional to the initial filtered COD concentration. For the same COD concentration, an increase of the anaerobic residence time superior to 2h did not increase the excess phosphorous uptake and did not improve the enhanced biological phosphorus removal efficiency. A second series of experiences were realised to specify the appearance conditions and the consequences on biological phosphorus removal of a second P-release (a release without carbon supply). An occasional secondary P-release does not seem to affect the biological phosphorus removal process
Trépanier, Claude. "Déphosphatation de l'eau du Saint-Laurent marin du Biodôme de Montréal." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0018/MQ57430.pdf.
Full textMontastruc, Ludovic. "Modélisation et optimisation d'un réacteur en lit fluidisé de déphosphatation d'effluents aqueux." Toulouse, INPT, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003INPT015G.
Full textT'Seyen, Johan. "Elimination du phosphore des eaux résiduaires par voie biologiques : activité de la polyphosphate -kinas : utilisation d'une phase acidogène en amont d'un système de type "Phoredox modifié"." Metz, 1986. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1986/Tseyen.Johan_1.SMZ8630.pdf.
Full textTo control eutrophication in the natural water bodies implies purifying waste waters before they are released into the environment. This thesis contributes to the research on the removal by bacteria of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus from municipal waste waters. Two points have been studied. In the first part of this work, the phosphorus metabolism of bacteria was investigated, and the activity of the enzyme polyphosphate kinase was measured. In the second part, an acidogenic reactor was studied, ant its influence on the phosphorus removal in a modified phoredox-type bench scale pilot was determined. A method for measuring polyphosphate kinase activity has been developed for acinetobacter calcoaceticus. The method was applied to a number of bacterial strains and to activated sludge samples. A constitutive polyphosphate kinase activity (between 0. 36 and 4. 8 nmol P. Min-1. Mg-1 prot. ) was found in some bacterial strains. In some cases, polyphosphote kinase activity was induced by anaerobiosis. The polyphosphate kinase activity of all activated sludges examined was low (<0. 1 nmoles P. Min-1. Mg-1prot. ). Experiments on a bench scale acidogenic system showed that acetate was the only volatile fatty acid produced in measurable quantities. The quantity of acetate produced mainly depends on the quantity of organic carbon in the influent. Acetate production kinetics were measured during batch experiments. The initial production was about 0. 2 mg acetate. G-1ss. Min-1. Improvement in efficiency of phosphorus removal in a modified phoredox pilot upon coupling after the acidogenic reactor (1 to 2. 5 h hydraulic retention time) was minimal
Zaloum, Ronald. "Développement et validation d'un concept de surfaces de réponse pour évaluer la traitabilité des effluents." Metz, 1986. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1986/Zaloum.Ronald.SMZ8628.pdf.
Full textIt was demonstrated that biological treatment response to changes in SRT, HRT, and influent total COD could be described by response surfaces for each effleunt parameter under investigation. Iso-response regions or lines could be obtained thus defining the ranges of SRT and organic load combinations which must be maintained in order to ensure a given effluent quality. The response surface for the most restrictive parameter will ensure that operating conditions are chosen in such a way as to maximize the performance of the system as a whole. This concept can assist in optimization, upgrading or retrofitting decision making. This study showed that the effect of SRT is significantly reduced beyond a value of 15 days. In addition, HRT has been shown to be equally important to SRT as a process control parameter with significant impact on system stability, sludge setleability and microbial composition, as well as on the performance. Process control can be achieved by modifying jointly or separately each parameter. The inequacy of the F/M ratio as an operating and design parameter was demonstrated experimentally through its lack of predictive potential. Also the usefulness of ATP as a biological performance indicator was assessed. This concept was developped at pilot scale using settled variable abbatoir waste and successfully applied to the operation of the full scale treatment facility receiving the same wastewater
Fortin-Chevalier, Thomas. "Étude du réacteur biologique à support fluidisé SMBR[indice supérieur MD] et évaluation de la déphosphatation au chitosane." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2010. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1578.
Full textHamidou, Soureyatou. "Capture passive du phosphore d'une eau usée municipale en contexte de biofiltration : impact des nitrates sur la performance." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/40157.
Full textIn excessive quantities, phosphorus is responsible for eutrophication of water surfaces. Thereby, phosphorus discharge standards for municipal wastewater are subject to a tightening. Researches have focused on the development of a passive phosphorus entrapment process characterized by biofilters with active wood-based media impregnated with iron hydroxide. Phosphorus removal is done by sorption which includes adsorption, reductive dissolution and exchange of ions. This MSc thesis is a continuation of the abovementioned studies. The objective is to evaluate the influence of nitrates on the phosphorus removal performance. Columns tests were performed with anaerobic activated wood-based media and immersion over a period of 150 days. Columns were fed for 30 days with a synthetic solution of 5 mg P/L. Different concentrations of nitrate (5, 10 and 25 mg N-NO₃/L) were then applied on three columns (C₂, C₃ and C₄), column C₁ serving as a control. The results demonstrate that the addition of nitrate reduces the phosphorus removal performance of biofilters. Phosphorus tracking shows that the concentration of P at the outlet of the biofilters exceeds the target of 0.3 mg P/L, 30 days after nitrate injection started for column C₂ and 15 days later for columns C₃ and C₄. Addition of nitrate increases the oxidoreduction potential. This results in an inhibition of the reductive dissolution, characterized by a decrease in the release of ferrous ions. Simultaneous denitrification occurs within the columns. It is both biological and chemical through the oxidation of ferrous ions by NO₂, produced during biological denitrification. Furthermore, bacterial identification tests have highlighted the presence of iron-related bacteria, denitrifying bacteria, sulfur oxidizing bacteria, sulfate reducing bacteria, biofilmproducing bacteria and a variety of heterotrophic microorganisms such as Pseudomonas and enteric bacteria in biofilters.
Souidi, Rania. "Récupération du phosphore à partir des eaux usées sous la forme de vivianite en utilisant la méthode d'électrocoagulation." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69820.
Full textNitrogen and phosphorus are causing environmental problems leading to environmental stress on aquatic ecosystems such as eutrophication and toxicity. To counteract these impacts, the use of advanced treatment processes is required to meet the strict discharge regulations. An annual increase in nutrient use by society is observed while global phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) reserves are becoming limited. Given their importance in all life, the recoveryof these nutrients from waste water has gained the attention of researchers and has become a highly important research field. Waste water treatment plants (WWTPs) are considered one of the important accumulation points of phosphorus with around 1.3 million tons of P-removed globally per year via sewage treatment (Li et Li 2017). P-recovery from wastewater could thus cover around 15-20% of the global phosphorus demand (Yuan et al. 2012). Therefore, WWTPs are now considered as Water Resource Recovery Facilities (WRRFs), a place where biowaste valorization and management are pursued. Electrochemical processes can be used as tertiary treatment for P-removal (Tran et al. 2012). Nowadays, it is also gaining the interest of researchers as a new tool for nutrient recovery processes such as electrodialysis, electrocoagulation, electrochemical magnesium dosage, etc.Based on a literature review, it could be concluded that all these processes have currently only been studied at pilot-scale, and full-scale application still needs more investigation and research. In this research project, an electrocoagulation technique was applied for the first time to recover phosphorus from wastewater as vivianite. In fact, vivianite phosphorus recovery, an innovative practice, has attracted considerable attention for its natural ubiquity, easy accessibility and foreseeable economic value (Wu et al. 2019). The proposed electrocoagulation process uses a sacrificial iron anode to produce ferrous ions formed during anode dissolution,reacting with ions in wastewater, in particular PO₄³⁻ , HPO₄²⁻ et H₂PO₄ , resulting in the formation of vivianite, Fe₃(PO₄)₂,8H₂O, that can be used in different types of application : slow release fertilizer, Li-ion battery, paint . . . As part of this project, electrochemical modelling with PHREEQC was used to study the dissolution of the iron anode, the optimal conditions for vivianite precipitation, the factors limiting its formation and the monitoring of the precipitation process in a complex wastewater matrix. PHREEQC was found to be a powerful tool to perform speciation calculations and the evaluation of the saturation index which determines the rate of precipitation. The experimental part of the work studied the recovery of vivianite using electrocoagulation. This recovery was evaluated in lab-scale reactors operating in batch mode and in continuous mode in order to evaluate respectively, the recovery of vivianite as a new route of recovery of P and the kinetics of its precipitation at different pH values.
Cariven, Bernard. "Dephosphoration des effluents par voie biologique." Toulouse, INSA, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986ISAT0032.
Full textProux, Corinne. "Enlèvement du phospohore par procédé d'électrocoagulation : le cas d'une unité de traitement pour résidences isolées." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/20011.
Full textThibault, Thomas. "Capture passive du phosphore d'une eau usée municipale en contexte de biofiltration." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25558.
Full textPhosphorus discharges in aquatic systems have the potential to lead to eutrophication of a waterbody. Moreover, this nutrient is the main cause of cyanobacteria’s bloom (blue-green algae), whose degradation liberates toxic compounds (cyanotoxins), harmful to animal and human’s health. Phosphorus contained in municipal wastewater will soon be subject to a tightening of discharge requirements which will make unsuitable a lot of currently used wastewater treatment plant. Researches have been realized to develop a simple treatment on the operational aspect is effective enough to reduce wastewater’s phosphorus concentration from 5.0 mg Ptot/l to 0.3 mg Ptot/l. The principle of the chosen method consists in the use of a filter media that allows passive phosphorus entrapment. This filter media is made of wood’s by-products which are activated by impregnation of iron hydroxide, a substance having a strong chemical affinity with phosphorus. Works were first allowed to target a process to effectively activate wood’s by-products according to a procedure that has been developed. Thereafter, different experimental settings have been developed in order to be able to activate sufficient amounts of filter media to perform column tests. A first series of tests was performed on biofiltration columns. Observed performances were interesting, but not sufficient to achieve the target value of 0.5 mg Ptot / l. Additional tests were therefore performed in order to optimize the use of the filter media. Based on the knowledge gained from these optimization tests, column trials have lowered the phosphorus concentration of a solution containing 5 mg Ptot/l to values below 0.2 mg Ptot/l over a period of 80 days. These tests showed that the filter media was able to accumulate an amount of phosphorus in the range of 13,5 mg Ptot/gdry, which is very effective for this kind of process.
Roy-Dumesnil, Gabriel. "Capture passive du phosphore d'une eau usée municipale en contexte de biofiltration." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27548.
Full textOwnby, Miles. "Phosphorus removal and recovery from wastewater via nano-enhanced adsorptive media." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/40140.
Full textRapid increases in the world’s population and to-date industrial and agricultural practices have exacerbated the depletion of essential nutrients in today’s society. After years of environmentally lax agricultural and mining processes, society finds itself trapped between increasing nutrient shortage and the increased frequency of harmful algal blooms (HABs) caused by phosphorus leaching into water systems. New technologies that allow for removal and subsequent recovery and reuse of phosphorus from polluted streams is imperative. One such technology is nanoenhanced adsorption, which may allow to produce a valuable nutrient-rich solution upon desorption of the saturated media. This study evaluated the potential of four regeneration chemistries to desorb phosphorus from a commercially available ion exchange resin hybridized with iron-oxide nanoparticles using a Design of Experiments (DoE) approach. Novel regeneration solutions using a KOH/K2SO4 blend and a recovered NH4OH alkaline solution proved to be comparable to the "control" solution of KOH and H2SO4. Among the four regeneration methods studied, using the NH4OH solution shows the highest potential because: i) it is a valorized waste stream, ii) it showed a desorption efficiency comparable to the control solution, and iii) it did not demonstrate any dampening of the resin longevity after five adsorption and desorption cycles. Based on the DoE data, a series of regression models was developed to generate understanding with regard to expected phosphorus concentration from a regeneration process considering the regeneration chemistry, the treatment volume, the rinse speed, and the strength of the alkaline solution. Nutrient-rich regeneration solutions post-desorption show promising for subsequent use as hydroponic fertilizers or precursors for the P fertilizer industry. Future work should include the development of mechanistic process models to gain an even better understanding of the mechanics behind the desorption. Overall, the nano-enhanced adsorptive technology proposes a cost-effective and sustainable solution to the phosphorus problem in wastewater treatment applications across the globe.
Rustrian, Elena. "Dépollution phosphorée par voie biologique : physiologie de bactéries déphosphatantes du genre Acinetobacter : conception d'un nouveau procédé d'élimination combinée du carbone, de l'azote et du phosphore." Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO10295.
Full textSaad, Rabih. "Adsorption et désorption d'ions phosphate et nitrate par des matériaux mésoporeux à base de silice fonctionnalisés avec des groupements ammonium." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25747/25747.pdf.
Full textTremblay-Gratton, Anne, and Anne Tremblay-Gratton. "Évaluation de l'efficacité d'un biofiltre à macroalgues marines pour la réduction des nitrates et phosphates dans les bassins d'exposition du Biodôme de Montréal." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28123.
Full textAu Biodôme de Montréal, la culture d'algues marines pourrait contribuer à l'amélioration de l'habitat aquatique et permettre à l'institution de combler ses exigences en termes de qualité de l'eau. En effet, les macroalgues peuvent diminuer les concentrations en nitrates et en phosphates générés par la décomposition des déchets métaboliques des animaux captifs puisqu'elles absorbent ses nutriments pour combler leurs besoins de croissance. L'objectif de ce projet est de contribuer au développement d'un biofiltre macroalgal adapté aux conditions d'opération de l'écosystème marin du Biodôme de Montréal. Les performances de bioremédiation de deux espèces d'algues marines indigènes, Palmaria palmata et Ulva lactuca, ont été évaluées sous des conditions expérimentales similaires à celles des bassins d'exposition, soit deux températures (5 et 10°C) et trois concentrations élevées en nitrate et phosphate (2 856:194 vs. 3 570:242 vs. 4 284:291 µM NO₃-:PO₄³⁻). Après six jours de culture, nos résultats démontrent 1) que les différentes concentrations en nutriments et la température n'influencent pas significativement la vitesse d'absorption des nutriments chez les deux espèces; 2) que la croissance de P. palmata n'est pas influencée par les traitements et 3) qu'U. lactuca démontre une croissance maximale à 10°C et à concentration intermédiaire. Le niveau élevé de saturation tissulaire en N, en lien avec les conditions environnementales nutritives du milieu de culture, limiterait l'absorption des nutriments et la croissance des macroalgues. Entre les deux espèces, U. lactuca semble une meilleure candidate que P. palmata dans nos conditions expérimentales, car elle démontre une vitesse d'absorption des nitrates trois fois supérieure (1,76 ± 0,59 vs. 0,65 ± 0,15 mg N MS⁻¹ d⁻¹), une vitesse d'absorption des phosphates deux fois supérieure (0,32 ± 0,21 vs. 0,14 ± 0,11 mg P DW⁻¹ d⁻¹) et un taux de croissance trois fois supérieur à P. palmata (2,12 ± 0,89 vs. 0,64 ± 0,18 % MF d⁻¹). Pour poursuivre le développement d'un biofiltre macroalgal efficace, l'accès à la lumière, le contrôle du pH et la disponibilité en microéléments devraient être optimisés
VANDEN, BOSSCHE Hugues. "Devenir du phosphore apporté sur les sols et risques de contamination des eaux de surface. Cas des boues de stations d'épuration." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 1999. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003703.
Full textScribot, Cyril. "Etude du potentiel de valorisation de la Bauxaline® en matériaux de construction et de dépollution." Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10055.
Full textRed mud is an industrial by-product from the extraction of alumina from bauxite ores via the Bayer process. The treatment of these sludges with a filter press makes it possible to reduce their water content and to obtain an excavable product called Bauxaline by the Alteo de Gardanne plant, the annual tonnage is 300 000 t / year. Several applications have been considered for this industrial by-product: ceramic materials, grout, lightweight aggregates and depollution filter media. The incorporation of Bauxaline into the ceramic materials is aimed at the manufacture of tiles. Tests carried out on the scale of the laboratory made it possible to demonstrate that the natural clay is substitutable by Bauxaline for 30%. This substitution rate makes it possible to meet the mechanical and environmental requirements and the health constraints linked to the natural radioactivity of Bauxaline. Also, the incorporation of Bauxaline adds value to the materials of ceramic by allowing to obtain an interesting shade for a manufacturer of tiles wishing to widen its range. The study of the formulation of self-compacting grouts and light aggregates made it possible to demonstrate the feasibility at mechanical and environmental levels of the incorporation of Bauxaline with significant substitution rates. The process of depollution is also an interesting way: the granules formulated from Bauxaline have a good reactivity with respect to the phosphate ions. Economically, this upgrade path is also promising: the Bauxaline is a low-cost material compared to the filter media on the market
Elnemr, Abir. "Phosphate removal from aqueous solutions by adsorption onto ammonium-functionalized mesoporous silica." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/25936/25936.pdf.
Full textMoreno, Osorio Jairo. "Biofilms de microalgues pour l'élimination des nutriments des eaux usées industrielles." Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC1103.
Full textThe aim of this Ph.D. research was to develop a bench scale microalgae biofilm technology for phosphorus rich effluents treatment toward the production of secondary valuable products, i.e. phosphorus recovery.Fundamental research was conducted to select efficient microalgae strains in terms of successful wastewater treatment and algal biomass production, in order to develop a process with low addition of electricity and chemical reagents. A total of 21 microalgae strains were screened and seven strains were selected according to their growth rate. The growth rate and nutrient removal efficiency of six strains were evaluated under different synthetic wastewater conditions, Chlorella vulgaris ACUF_809 showed superior efficiency of phosphate removal compared with the strains screened. Chlorella sp. ACUF_802 was characterized additionally by the effect of nitrogen and phosphorus limitating conditions in the growth medium. Laboratory scale experiments were done to evaluate the biofilm formation performance on textile fabrics. Photosynthetic activity, colonization percentage and biomass growth were investigated for two isolated Chlorella spp. Diffferences in biofilm formation performance were obswerved between the strains. It was found that combined analysis of non-destructive optical methods is an effective methodology for monitoring the early stages of biofilm development. Biofilm average thickness (106.37 ± 47 µm) was measured. Furthermore, as a promising valuable recovery product, phosphate distribution and localization during C: pyrenoidosa ACUF_808 and C. vulgaris ACUF_809 biofilms development were examined over time and keeping the spatial context unaltered. Using physiology measurements combined to advance microscopic, spectroscopic and mass spectrometric techniques were determined cellular growth, cell adhesion, physiological performance and nutrient (phosphate and nitrate) removal and visualized phosphate accumulation at single-cell level within the biofilms.Biomass production and nutrient removal efficiency by the microalgae Scenedesmus vacuolatus and C. vulgaris ACUF_809 from synthetic wastewater in a new laboratory configuration biofilm photobioreactor (PBR) was studied. Biofilm development on cotton fabric was followed in the PBR under semi-batch conditions during 41 days. Complete nutrient removal was obtained by S. vacuolatus ACUF_053 and five stages in the development of the biofilm were identified: 1) attachment, 2) biofilm formation, 3) maturation I, 4) selection/adaptation and 5) maturation II. In contrast, C. vulgaris ACUF_809 biofilm development showed a more regular biomass growth and constant removal efficiency. This research offers novel fundamental information in the field of microalgae biofilms formation with a scope for a wider range of scientific applications, including the possibility of coupled wastewater treatment with potential recovery of phosphate
Nugroho, Fadjari Lucia. "Contribution à l'étude de l'élimination des pollutions phosphorées dans les eaux résiduaires." Toulouse, INSA, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ISAT0003.
Full textCasellas-Français, Magali. "Mise en oeuvre, modélisation, optimisation et contrôle d'un procédé discontinu séquentiel (SBR) : application au traitement du carbone, de l'azote, du phosphore et des matières en suspension d'eaux résiduaires urbaines." Limoges, 2002. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/c7b8b1be-7f59-4700-ba14-86cff384c513/blobholder:0/2002LIMO0035.pdf.
Full textWastewater treatment optimization requires the installation of reliable processes and a control of operating conditions. In this context, discontinuous processes like SBR, working on the principle of alternating reaction, settling and purge phases is investigated. A development process methodology based on the use of mathematical simulations, lab scale experiments, full scale extrapolation and simple but robust control strategies is reported. The Benchmark of wastewater treatment associates a wastewater treatment model (ASM n°1 ofHENZE et al. , 1986) and a settling conditions model (TACKACS et al. , 1991). Combining both models allows for the simulation of an activated sludge process operation. An exhaustive bibliographic study could highlight different scenarios of SBR operations able to achieve carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and total suspended solids removal. Different time delays were investigated in order to identify two particular operating conditions : short cycles and long cycles. The use of the Benchmark associated with a critical identification of incoming variables of the model, was extended to the development of strategies for nitrogen removal improvement. This study, combined with an experimental study of phosphorus removal allowed to define a 24 hours cycle, improving denitrification rates but also highlighting problems related to temporal variations of incoming load. In order to solve this problem, a special procedure , based on the use of three sensors : pH, ORP, dissolved oxygen, was investigated and full scale commissioned, in order to control with accuracy operating conditions
Kpannieu, Dan Eude Baudouin. "Traitement de la pollution phosphorée des effluents résiduaires urbains par des matériaux de Côte d’Ivoire constitués de schiste ardoisier, grès et latérite : approches en réacteur homogène, en mode hydrodynamique contrôlé et en réacteur micro-pilote de terrain." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0133.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to the study of phosphate ions adsorption processes by natural minerals of Ivory Coast, i.e. shale, sandstone and laterite mainly. Phosphate sorption by shale was first investigated in batch and column experiments. Batch experiments allowed the assessment of the influence of initial phosphate concentration, sorbent dosage, contact time, and pH on phosphate removal. The phosphate removal efficiency increased with increasing shale dosage while phosphate uptake decreased. Phosphate uptake strongly depended on pH, decreasing first with increasing pH in the range of 2-11 and then increasing at the highest pH value of 12. A correlation between aqueous Ca, Mg, Al, and Fe concentrations and phosphate uptake was observed. The kinetics was well described using the pseudo-second order model and isotherms with Langmuir sorption model. Column experiments with a flow rate of 1 ml min-1 and 25 mg L-1 initial phosphate concentration showed a breakthrough point at V/Vp of ~17 corresponding to a phosphate uptake of 0.2 mg g-1 in agreement with batch experiments. The performance of shale was evaluated as filter material in (Vertical Flow Constructed Wetland) VFCW in removal of phosphate ions, nitrogen, suspended solids, and organic compounds, using municipal wastewater. The influence of both shale granulometry and plants density was evaluated. The shale with the finest particle size offers a slightly higher efficiency. The flow rate decreased after wastewater treatment and the fooling is less pronounced for planted VFCW. The filter with the highest plant density offers only slightly higher efficiency towards phosphate and nitrate removal. The phosphate sorption capacity of the plants is negligible confirming the importance in the choice of the filter medium. Finally, phosphate removal by shale was compared to sandstone and laterite in both batch and column experiments. The different chemical compositions of the materials influence strongly the reactivity towards phosphate ions. It is supposed that the status of iron in the material, i.e. in substitution in clays in shale and occurring as hematite and goethite in laterite and sandstone, explained the differences of reactivity. Both batch and column experiments revealed that phosphate uptake decreased in the following ranking order laterite > sandstone > shale. These three materials appear as promising filter materials in VFCW
Arraj, Tareq. "Conception d’un système d’élimination du glyphosate des eaux de drainage agricole." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0199/document.
Full textThe elimination of undesirable agrochemicals of agricultural drainage water in watersheds can be achieved through engineered wetlands. Iron oxy-hydroxides are among the most chemically reactive compounds in temperate soil and they could be an ideal support in admixture with a traditional holder for vegetation in these systems. This work aimed to test the effectiveness of an innovative method of removing glyphosate mineral planted by a filter that uses the properties of a high surface area carrier composed of ferric oxyhydroxide and plants adapted to wetlands and tolerant to glyphosate. This work has three main axis which are: • The physicochemical characterization of two synthetic materials chosen for their potential to retain glyphosate and choose the most suitable for our study. • A profound mechanism study of the adsorption of glyphosate on the chosen support has been made, followed by a comparative analysis of the glyphosate with the adsorption of phosphate on the same support. • culture of different associations based on two plant species of wetland (Lythrum salicaria and Phragmites australis) on a mixture of (sand, adsorbent support) watered by irrigation in the presence or absence of glyphosate and phosphate to verify the effectiveness of the device on the degradation of glyphosate. The results of the characterization directed us to the synthetic mineral GEH®104 (GEH Wasserchemie GmbH & Co. KG, Heinrich-Hasemeier Straße 33, D-49076 Osnabrück) which is almost a pure akaganeite with a surface area of 350 m2.gr-1. The adsorption kinetics suggested that the equilibrium time was longer than (15 days), which is longer than the time reported in the literature for similar phases. This is attributed to the mesoporous nature of the support used. Akaganeite strongly adsorbs glyphosate in two modes: the first is almost irreversible followed by a hyperbolic mode, according to the Dual Langmuir’s equation while the phosphate adsorption follows the Bradley’s equation. The large capacity of adsorption of glyphosate and phosphate by actually akaganeite makes it a suitable candidate for involvement in wetlands engineered to treat water containing these pollutants. The experimental cultural showed that reed and purple loosestrife can support high concentrations of glyphosate by irrigation and they benefit from membership organization. It appears that plants and their associated microorganisms are responsible for most of the disappearance of glyphosate in solution because once properly installed, glyphosate and its metabolites are practically no longer detectable in solution. The complete system prevents glyphosate from percolating when it is present with or without phosphate in the irrigation water
Coulibaly, Sandotin Lassina. "Abattement des phosphates des eaux usées par adsorption sur des géomatériaux constitués de Latérite, grès et schistes ardoisiers." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0065/document.
Full textWastewaters are often loaded in phosphate from human activities. The discharge of such wastewater without adequate treatment leads to rapid eutrophication of water bodies. The main of the present thesis was to characterize and investigate the removal efficiency of phosphate from water by natural geological material available in large amount in Ivory Coast. Ultimately, it has ambition to valorize geological material without mining interest for environmental purposes. For this research, the laterite, sandstone and shale were selected and prepared by mechanical crushing to obtain fine fractions below 80 µm. Detailed study to characterize these three rocks powder was performed, thus several mineralogical and physico-chemical properties were determinated by means of : X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS), N2-adsorption/desorption techniques (BET), energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX), particle size distribution, cation exchange capacity and chemical analyses by atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) and mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Data shows high percentages of iron, aluminum and calcium oxides and oxyhydroxides for these three materials. This composition confer to the fine fraction the specific surface of 34; 4.7 et 16.5 m2/g for laterite, sandstone and shale respectively. In addition, the mineral structures of these materials reveal the presence of meso-and microporosity. These materials were then evaluated in the batch treatment of synthetic liquid effluents containing pure KH2PO4. The optimal dosage and equilibrium times were detected. After, isotherms were built at 20, 30 and 40°C. It was shown that phosphate affinity for the three absorbents is more important for laterite, sandstone and shale. The absorption process is strongly depends on pH. Phosphate retention rate on sandstone seem not to depend on temperature, on the other hand, those of laterite increase on the contrary way of the temperature and vice versa for schist. Several kinetic models (pseudo first order, pseudo second order, Elovich and diffusion models) were evaluated as well as thermodynamic parameters. Absorption reactions are perfectly described by the pseudo second order. Absorption equilibrium data allow defining interval where Langmuir and Freundlich model seems perfect. The proposed retention mechanism suggests the existence of two kinds of sites. DRIFTS analyses of adsorbents after adsorption revealed chemical interaction on adsorption process onto laterite and sandstone. This study demonstrated that laterite, sandstone and shale are an effective adsorbent for phosphate removal from aqueous solution. However, laterite shows a strong potentiality compared to the two others adsorbents
Constantin, Boris. "Dragage des sédiments contaminés du lac Saint-Augustin (Québec) et séparation des phases solide-liquide : essai pilote sur plateforme." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30024/30024.pdf.
Full textBecause of urban and agricultural pollution, Saint-Augustin Lake (Quebec) is in a eutrophic state, with high content of phosphorus ([Ptot] = 60-120 µg/L). As its sediments are the main source of phosphorus, two techniques of contaminated sediment management were assessed during in situ experiment on a floating platform with enclosures: hydraulic dredging (by pumping) and mechanical dredging (with a clamshell bucket). Three techniques of solid-liquid separation were also assessed on the dredged sediment: decantation, coagulation-filtration and separation by hydrocyclone. The hydraulic dredging managed to limit the phosphorus release from the sediment, not like the mechanical dredging that also caused a resuspension of sediment. The coagulation-filtration and the decantation enabled to obtain a liquid phase clearer than lake water with a very low content in phosphorus, [Psoluble] < 10 µg/L.
Barthelemy, Kévin. "Adsorption des anions phosphate par des composés ferriques en vue du traitement des eaux usées : approche en réacteur homogène et en mode hydrodynamique contrôlé." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0237.
Full textThe Ph.D. work, presented in this manuscript, is devoted to evaluating phosphate adsorption process on carbonate ferric green rust and ferrihydrite. The main objective concerns an application for the treatment of waste water in rural areas. Both iron oxides are first synthesized and their physico-chemical properties characterized. The ferric green rust structural properties differences as a function of synthesis parameters such as aging period and addition of hydrogen peroxide solution is of particular interest. A detailed study of surface physico-chemical properties by X Photoelectron Spectroscopy is carried out in the case of ferrihydrite. The reactivity of these two iron oxides is then evaluated in batch experiments. Adsorption process follows the pseudo-second order kinetic equation and Freundlich isotherm model which give the best adjustments of experimental data. The influence of various parameters such as pH, ionic strength, etc on phosphate adsorption is also taken into account. Column experiments are afterwards carried out by using filtration material constituted of iron oxide deposited onto pozzolana. The optimal conditions to prepare this filtration material are naturally predetermined. Phosphate adsorption in hydrodynamic mode is characterized by advective and diffusive mechanisms and water regionalization which govern the adsorption process in the column. Moreover, phosphate adsorption capacity and flow rate influence on adsorption process are obtained. Finally, a preliminary experiment on a pre-treated waste water finally shows that the filtration material is potentially interesting for an industrial application
Sleiman, Nathalie. "Mécanismes d’élimination du phosphore dans un réacteur garni d’un mélange de limaille de fer et de sable." Thesis, Limoges, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIMO0019.
Full textThe excessive presence of phosphate in water is the cause of the occurrence of the problem of eutrophication in freshwater represented by the deterioration of the aquatic ecosystem. Various water treatment processes allow the removal of phosphate (biological and physico-chemical). The global objective of this thesis is the study of the physico-chemical mechanisms associated with phosphate removal from water using iron byproducts synthesized from the oxidation of micrometric zero valent iron and the development of corresponding process. Zero valent iron was chosen for its availability, low cost, and the absence of toxicity under the conditions applied. In order to subsequently propose an operational processing system, firstly a series of batch experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of iron filings and its by-products synthesized for the elimination of phosphate. The influence of experimental conditions (aging or pre-conditioning phase, dissolved oxygen, nitrates, sulfates, organic matter, initial pH, ionic strength, stirring rate) was studied. In parallel physico-chemical characterizations of the solid were conducted in order to determine the nature and characteristics of synthesized byproducts. Secondly, continuous reactor studies were conducted in an increasingly complex approach in order to understand the behavior and performance of the columns packed with sand/ZVI. The synthesized byproducts flaked into the solution (under controlled conditions of oxygen and aging time 40h, 6g) showed a lower capacity trapping for phosphate removal (2.3 to 3.8 mgP/gFe) compared to phosphate removal capacity of the entire system Fe0/by-products, whose capacity can reach 35 mgP/gFe. The oxidation phase prior to the contact with phosphate (aging time) has a remarkable influence on the efficiency of iron filings. Beyond the preconditioning phase of 24 hours, as aging time increases, the efficiency of the byproducts decreases, which is explained by the increases of the crystallinity of the by-products over time, as being less reactive than amorphous forms. However, the pre-conditioning time between 2h and 24 hours improves clearly the retention of phosphate by ZVI as this phase allows the synthesis of an active oxide layer. Direct contact between the iron fillings and phosphate, taking into account their role in the passivation, leads to a limitation of the corrosion by forming a compact passive layer at the surface of ZVI. The oxide layer at the surface of ZVI and the byproducts flaked off to the solution are formed by a mixture of lepidocrocite, maghemtite and/or magnetite and traces of goethite. The phosphate removal on the surface of the byproducts is based on a specific adsorption by forming an inner sphere complex. The reactivity in the columns showed a strong dependence on the presence and the concentration of oxygen; the decrease in phosphate retention along the column, evolves over time from heterogeneous towards a homogeneous trapping of P with a maximum capacity of 152 mgP/gFe in the applied process conditions ([P] = 20mg / L, [NaCl] = 0.01 M, T = 22 ° C, v = 0.12M / h). The solid support analysis also confirmed the results related to the distribution of phosphate along the reactors, and showed that phosphate are predominantly associated with amorphous iron fractions.The overall results confirm the interest of using iron filings for the treatment of phosphate in water
Al-Jaberi, Muayad. "Characteristics and mechanisms of phosphate removal by calcium-iron layered double hydroxides and their hydrolysis products." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0056.
Full textThe development of an efficient removal material for phosphate from wastewater to prevent the eutrophication in surface waters is very important. In this study, CaIIFeIII layered double hydroxide containing chloride and nitrate as intercalated anions (CaFe-LDH-Cl and CaFe-LDH-NO3) were used as removal materials for phosphate. Both forms were designed and synthesized at different CaII: FeIII molar ratios (2:1, 3:1, and 4:1) following three simple co-precipitation methods. The materials were evaluated for the removal of phosphate by batch equilibrium sorption experiments and kinetic measurements. The efficiency of the phosphate removal from aqueous solution was investigated in the range pH 4-12. As a result, it was found that pseudo-second-order kinetic model described well the phosphate removal. The isotherms of adsorption of PO43- ions showed that CaFe-LDH-Cl and CaFe-LDH-NO3 at CaII: FeIII molar ratio of 2:1 revealed the highest rate of phosphate uptake of 385 and 402 mg g-1, respectively, comparing to other CaII: FeIII molar ratios. Equilibrium data were well fitted with Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms. In the case of high phosphate concentration ([PO43-] ≥ 100 mg L-1), the comprehensive analysis of the phosphate-uptake products with different techniques revealed that CaFe-LDH dissolve first and then released Ca2+ ions reacting with PO43- anions to form Ca5(PO4)3OH (hydroxyapatite) which is the main mechanism for phosphate removal. Also, phosphate was removed partially via a subsidiary process other than precipitation of hydroxyapatite. The excess in phosphate removal was attributed to the formation of a disordered Ca doped ferrihydrite which removed phosphate via simple surface adsorption. In the case of initial low phosphate concentration ([PO43-] < 100 mg L-1), the analysis showed that PO43- removed mainly via simple surface adsorption over disordered Ca doped ferrihydrite which was the main component in the residual solid after partial Ca2+ releasing from LDH
Schick, Joachim. "Traitement d'effluents aqueux pollués par des ions nitrate ou phosphate ou des hydrocarbures de type BTEX : utilisation d'une zéolithe naturelle modifiée (SMZ) ou de zéolithes synthétiques." Thesis, Mulhouse, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MULH3991.
Full textThis work concerns the environmental protection, specifically the treatment of aqueous effluents. Effluents containing nitrate and/or phosphate anions, responsible for the eutrophication phenomenon, and also toluene, which is commonly found in urban and industrial flows and natural waters, were specifically studied. The removal of these pollutants was performed on zeolitic materials. A large part of the experiments use a material potentially efficient to remove the three pollutants mentioned above, namely the SMZ ("Surfactant-Modified Zeolite"), conventionally prepared from a natural zeolite, clinoptilolite, and a surfactant, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HDTMA+). For nitrate removal, other SMZ, prepared from synthetic zeolites (LTA, FAU) and various organic species (surfactant or not) were less efficient than conventional SMZ except a new material prepared from zeolite MFI nanosheets and modified with HDTMA+ ion. The efficiency of the conventional SMZ for the phosphate ions uptake was compared with those of several calcic zeolites. Finally, removal of toluene was performed on four materials, conventional SMZ, an activated carbon and two hydrophobic zeolites, namely silicalite-1 and beta zeolite. Uptake experiments were conducted in batch-wise and fixed-bed column systems, the second representing a more realistic simulation of dynamic field condition The influence of the initial pollutant concentration, the liquid/solid ratio, the filtration rate, the presence of competitive species and the contact time was examined
Kpannieu, Dan Eude Baudouin. "Traitement de la pollution phosphorée des effluents résiduaires urbains par des matériaux de Côte d’Ivoire constitués de schiste ardoisier, grès et latérite : approches en réacteur homogène, en mode hydrodynamique contrôlé et en réacteur micro-pilote de terrain." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0133.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to the study of phosphate ions adsorption processes by natural minerals of Ivory Coast, i.e. shale, sandstone and laterite mainly. Phosphate sorption by shale was first investigated in batch and column experiments. Batch experiments allowed the assessment of the influence of initial phosphate concentration, sorbent dosage, contact time, and pH on phosphate removal. The phosphate removal efficiency increased with increasing shale dosage while phosphate uptake decreased. Phosphate uptake strongly depended on pH, decreasing first with increasing pH in the range of 2-11 and then increasing at the highest pH value of 12. A correlation between aqueous Ca, Mg, Al, and Fe concentrations and phosphate uptake was observed. The kinetics was well described using the pseudo-second order model and isotherms with Langmuir sorption model. Column experiments with a flow rate of 1 ml min-1 and 25 mg L-1 initial phosphate concentration showed a breakthrough point at V/Vp of ~17 corresponding to a phosphate uptake of 0.2 mg g-1 in agreement with batch experiments. The performance of shale was evaluated as filter material in (Vertical Flow Constructed Wetland) VFCW in removal of phosphate ions, nitrogen, suspended solids, and organic compounds, using municipal wastewater. The influence of both shale granulometry and plants density was evaluated. The shale with the finest particle size offers a slightly higher efficiency. The flow rate decreased after wastewater treatment and the fooling is less pronounced for planted VFCW. The filter with the highest plant density offers only slightly higher efficiency towards phosphate and nitrate removal. The phosphate sorption capacity of the plants is negligible confirming the importance in the choice of the filter medium. Finally, phosphate removal by shale was compared to sandstone and laterite in both batch and column experiments. The different chemical compositions of the materials influence strongly the reactivity towards phosphate ions. It is supposed that the status of iron in the material, i.e. in substitution in clays in shale and occurring as hematite and goethite in laterite and sandstone, explained the differences of reactivity. Both batch and column experiments revealed that phosphate uptake decreased in the following ranking order laterite > sandstone > shale. These three materials appear as promising filter materials in VFCW
Liu, Ling. "La selection d'un milieu filtrant utilisé dans un marais artificiel pour la déphosphatation des eaux usées municipales." Thèse, 1996. http://constellation.uqac.ca/1177/1/1519343.pdf.
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