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Journal articles on the topic 'Depictive predication'
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1
Rothstein, Susan Deborah. "Secondary predication and aspectual structure." ZAS Papers in Linguistics 17 (January 1, 2000): 241–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/zaspil.17.2000.49.
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This paper presents an analysis of secondary predicates as aspectual modifiers and secondary predication as a summing operation which sums the denotation of the matrix verb and the secondary predicate. I argue that, as opposed to the summing peration involved in simple conjunction, there is a constraint on secondary predication; in the 0 case of depictives, the event introduced by the matrix verb must be PART-OF the event introduced by the secondary predicate, where e1 is PART-OF e2 if the running time of e1 is contained in the running time of e2 and if e1 and e2 share a grammatical argument. I argue resultative predication differs from depictive predication in that the PART-OF constraint holds in resultative constructions between the event which is the culmination of e1 and e2: formally, while depictive predication introduces the statement PART-OF(e1,e2), resultative predication introduces the statement PART-OF(cul(e1),e2). I show that this is all that is necessary to explain the well-known properties of resultative predication.
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You, Eunjung. "Parallel Derivation of Spanish Depictive Secondary Predication." Linguistic Inquiry 47, no. 4 (2016): 723–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/ling_a_00229.
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The depictive secondary predication construction has two subject-predicate relationships in one clause, providing two propositional interpretations. This article proposes that the primary predication, which consists of a main verb, and the secondary predication, made up of a secondary predicate, are simultaneously derived in separate derivational planes; this proposal reflects a property of the secondary predicate that is not included in the θ-grid of the primary predicate. The idea of using Parallel Merge to merge these two planes that share a common element allows us to understand the secondary predication construction in a novel way.
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이창수. "Remarks on Depictive Predication in English." Jungang Journal of English Language and Literature 49, no. 4 (2007): 317–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.18853/jjell.2007.49.4.016.
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Ardid-Gumiel, Ana. "syntax of depictives: subjects, modes of judgement and I-L/S-L properties." ZAS Papers in Linguistics 26 (January 1, 2001): 61–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/zaspil.26.2001.138.
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In this work, I provide an analysis of adjectival depictive constructions which accounts for most of their fundamental properties. First, I focus on the restrictions having to do with the integration of the depictive and the verbal predicate: they are based on aspectual compatibility between the two predicates, which, in turn, will depend on the ability, on the part of the depictive, to make reference to some (sub)event in the event structure of the verbal predicate. Facts not captured by previous approaches in the literature will be straightforwardly accounted for, among them the possibility to have I-L depictive constructions, and the impossibility to combine a depictive with some non-stative verbal predicates. Second, it will be shown that the informational import of the depictive in the sentence can be equivalent to that of the verbal predicate: both can be the primary lexical basis of predication. This is reflected in the sentence in various ways, having to do with aspectual modifiers, and in the properties of the sentential subject. In this connection, we will reconsider the notion of subject, arguing that no subject-predicate relation takes place in the lexical domain of sentences, and hence that the argument the depictive is oriented to, the common argument, cannot be a subject of the depictive. Finally, a minimalist analysis is proposed for the syntax of the construction, in terms of direct syntactic merge of predicative constituents and sidewards (q-to-q) movement for the common argument, from the lexical domain of the depictive to the lexical domain of the verb. As to morphosyntactic properties, a syntactic Double Agree relation is assumed to hold between T/v, as probes, on the one hand, and the common argument and depictive, as simultaneous goals, on the other, which would allow for the deletion of Case features on both goals. The assumed presence of Structural Case on the adjectival depictive will be responsible for the well-known restriction on the orientation of depictives to the sentential subject or object.
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Zhang, Niina. "structures of depictive and resultative constructions in Chinese." ZAS Papers in Linguistics 22 (January 1, 2001): 191–221. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/zaspil.22.2001.107.
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In this paper I firstly argue that secondary predicates are complement of v, and v is overtly realized by Merge or Move in secondary predication in Chinese. The former option derives the de-construction, whereas the latter option derives the V-V construction. Secondly, I argue that resultatives are hosted by complement vPs, whereas depictives are hosted by adjunct vPs. This complement-adjunct asymmetry accounts for a series of syntactic properties of secondary predication in Chinese: the position of a secondary predicate with respect to the verb of the primary predicate, the co-occurrence patterns of secondary predicates, the hierarchy of depictives, the control and ECM properties of resultative constructions, and the locality constraint on the integration of secondary predicates into the structure of primary predication. Thirdly, I argue that the surface position of de is derived by a PF operation which attaches de to the right of the leftmost verbal lexical head of the construction. Finally, I argue that in the V-V resultative construction, the assumed successive head-raising may account for the possible subject-oriented reading of the resultative predicate, and that the head raising out of the lower vP accounts for the possible non-specific reading of the subject of the resultative predicate.
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Mukaro, Laston, and Victor Mugari. "The semantics of depictive secondary predication in chiShona." Southern African Linguistics and Applied Language Studies 33, no. 4 (2015): 427–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/16073614.2015.1099048.
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Strigin, Anatoli, and Assinja Demjjanow. "Secondary predication in Russian." ZAS Papers in Linguistics 25 (January 1, 2001): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/zaspil.25.2001.10.
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The paper makes two contributions to semantic typology of secondary predicates. It provides an explanation of the fact that Russian has no resultative secondary predicates, relating this explanation to the interpretation of secondary predicates in English. And it relates depictive secondary predicates in Russian, which usually occur in the instrumental case, to other uses of the instrumental case in Russian, establishing here, too, a difference to English concerning the scope of the secondary predication phenomenon.
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Teshaboyeva, Nafisa, and Ozoda Abdumo'minova. "CLASSIFICATION AND FUNCTIONS OF PRIMARY AND SECONDARY PREDICATION IN LINGUISTIC STRUCTURES." "XXI ASRDA INNOVATSION TEXNOLOGIYALAR, FAN VA TAʼLIM TARAQQIYOTIDAGI DOLZARB MUAMMOLAR" nomli respublika ilmiy-amaliy konferensiyasi 2, no. 11 (2024): 347–52. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14199400.
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This article explores the concept of predication, a cornerstone of linguistic structure, by categorizing it into primary and secondary types. Primary predication is identified as the essential subject-predicate relationship that forms the foundation of any clause, such as in She is singing. Secondary predication, on the other hand, serves to complement or elaborate on the main clause, providing additional descriptive, resultative, or circumstantial details, as seen in She entered the room exhausted. The article delves into the syntactic and semantic roles of both types, emphasizing how primary predication establishes the core meaning, while secondary predication enriches sentences with supplementary layers of context. It also examines variations in non-finite constructions, cross-linguistic expressions, and theoretical perspectives, such as those offered by generative and functional grammar. Practical examples and distinctions between depictive and resultative secondary predicates are highlighted to illustrate their functions. Additionally, the article touches on the pedagogical significance of teaching these concepts, the cognitive processing of predication, and challenges like ambiguity in interpretation. Overall, this piece provides a comprehensive analysis of how predication structures enable nuanced and dynamic communication across languages and contexts.
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Eun-Jung Yoo. "English Depictive Secondary Predication: A Lexicalist Approach to Participant Orientation." Korean Journal of Linguistics 35, no. 1 (2010): 183–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.18855/lisoko.2010.35.1.009.
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Caso, Anabelle, and Oisín Ó Muirthile. "Secondary predication in Irish and the syntax-prosody interface." Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America 9, no. 1 (2024): 5726. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/plsa.v9i1.5726.
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Cross-linguistically, secondary predicates may be distinguished from event-modifiers (e.g. adverbs or converbs) and individual-modifiers (e.g. attributive adjectives, participles, or prepositional phrases) via the presence or absence of prosodic processes and phonetic cues. This paper examines the prosodic behavior of secondary predicates in Modern Irish, which can form bare adjectival depictive and resultative secondary predicates. We show that Mod. Irish bare AP secondary predicates are distinguished from surface distributionally equivalent attributive modifiers through the morphophonological system of initial mutation and cues such as phrase-final lengthening and pauses. These facts support an analysis of secondary predicates as extraposition structures that project to a φ-max/ι-boundary, mapping to complex syntactico-semantic representations. Evidence from Italian consonant gemination (raddoppiamento sintattico) and Georgian boundary tones are likewise discussed under the proposed analysis.
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Ning Zhang, Niina. "Empty verbs in Chinese predicatives and complex predicates." ZAS Papers in Linguistics 14 (January 1, 1999): 147–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/zaspil.14.1999.13.
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This paper investigates syntactic properties of verbless constructions in Chinese. Verbless constructions differ from constructions with overt verbs in three major respects. First, there is a VP-internal nominal raising in Chinese, which is optional if an overt verb shows up, and obligatory if there is no overt verb. Second, while an overt verb can select various kinds of argument, the internal argument of a verbless construction cannot be indefinite. Third, there are two types of object depictive secondary predication constructions, and only one of them allows for a null verb.
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Demonte, Violeta. "Rethinking Depictive Secondary Predicates A Pair- Merge approach and the Adjunct Condition." Linguística: Revista de Estudos Linguísticos da Universidade do Porto, esp (2021): 555–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.21747/16466195/lingespa24.
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In this article I will propose a new analysis of depictive secondary predication structures. Previous studies of these structures are framed within different approaches: C-command / categorial approaches (Williams 1980, Rothstein 1983, 2001, Demonte 1988, Mallén 1991, Bowers 1993, among others), C-command and Multiple Agree approaches (McNulty 1988, Irimia 2012), linearization after ‘Lateral Movement’ and attachment of identical eventive heads (Gallar 2017), or Parallel-Merge approaches (Irimia 2012, You 2016). Following Chomsky (2019) and Bošković (2020), among others, I will claim here, first, that adjunct depictive secondary predicates start as members of a Pair-MERGE(d) conjunction/ adjunction structure which is unlabeled. There are as many members of these pair merged phrases as modifiers in a sentence, and they are unbounded and unstructured. Pair merged structures are in principle opaque and non-sensible to syntactic operations. However, since they are semantically and syntactically conjoined phrases they have each a Link element. This Link merges at the edge of the phase at which the modifier is conjoined thus allowing extraction out of the opaque domain. I will suggest that perhaps Tagalog expresses overtly these links. I will previously present a detailed description of the properties of DPS in Spanish
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Richardson, Kylie. "What secondary predicates in Russian tell us about the link between tense, aspect and case." ZAS Papers in Linguistics 26 (January 1, 2001): 171–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/zaspil.26.2001.143.
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In this paper I show that the different case marking possibilities on predicate adjectives in depictive secondary predicates in Russian constitute the uninterpretable counterpart of the interpretable tense and aspect features of the adjective. Case agreement entails that the predicate adjective is non-eventive, i.e., it occurs when the event time of the secondary predicate is identical to the event time of the primary predicate. The instrumental case, however, entails that the secondary predicate is eventive: some change of state or transition occurred prior to or during the event time of the primary predicate. I claim that case agreement occurs in conjoined tense phrases in Russian, while the instrumental case occurs in adjoined aspectual phrases. In English, secondary predication is sensitive both to the structural location of its antecedent and to the event structure of the primary predicate. I suggest that depictives with subject antecedents in English are true adjunction structures, while those with direct object antecedents occur in a conjoined aspectual phrase. This hypothesis finds support in the different movement and semantic constraints in conjunction versus adjunction phrases in both English and Russian.
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Odria, Ane. "dom and datives in Basque." Differential objects and datives – a homogeneous class? 42, no. 1 (2019): 7–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/li.00027.odr.
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Abstract This paper analyzes the syntax of dom and causee, experiencer, goal and possessor datives in Basque. It presents novel criteria distinguishing their categorical status: the possibility (i) to license Depictive Secondary Predication (DSP) and (ii) to appear as non-agreeing in contexts affected by the Person Case Constraint (PCC). It argues that, contrary to the rest of the datives, goals are generated as PPs, since they are unable to license DSP, but able to occur as non-agreeing in PCC-affected contexts. Besides, despite exhibiting the same categorical status as causee, experiencer and possessor datives, it claims that dom objects are syntactically identical to canonical absolutives, as they show the same configurational as well as Case licensing pattern, which is based on v-Agree.
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Abu Helal, Abdel‐Rahman. "On Discourse Features Inheritance in the vP Information Structure: Evidence from Depictive Secondary Predication in Standard Arabic." Studia Linguistica 73, no. 2 (2018): 248–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/stul.12090.
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Odria, Ane. "Differential Object Marking and the nature of dative Case in Basque varieties*." Linguistic Variation 14, no. 2 (2014): 289–317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lv.14.2.03odr.
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This article analyzes the nature of Differential Object Marking (DOM) in Basque varieties. It demonstrates that, despite their identical dative morphology, DOM objects display a different syntax to goal indirect objects. Based on the licensing of depictive secondary predication and on the absolutive marking of non-human and indefinite objects, it argues that DOM objects are generated in a direct rather than indirect object configuration. Moreover, given the tight relation between case and agreement in ditransitive constructions and the possibility to check Case in Exceptional Case Marking (ECM) contexts, it proposes that dative Case in DOM is structurally checked in an Agree relation against a functional head of the verbal agreement complex. The article thus identifies a different dative argument which has not been previously characterized in this manner: one that does not originate within an applicative or postpositional phrase and checks Case structurally.
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Martinčič, Uroš. "Encasing the Absolutes." ELOPE: English Language Overseas Perspectives and Enquiries 11, no. 2 (2014): 21–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/elope.11.2.21-35.
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The paper explores the issue of structure and case in English absolute constructions, whose subjects are deduced by several descriptive grammars as being in the nominative case due to its supposed neutrality in terms of register. This deduction is countered by systematic accounts presented within the framework of the Minimalist Program which relate the case of absolute constructions to specific grammatical factors. Each proposal is shown as an attempt of analysing absolute constructions as basic predication structures, either full clauses or small clauses. I argue in favour of the small clause approach due to its minimal reliance on transformations and unique stipulations. Furthermore, I propose that small clauses project a singular category, and show that the use of two cases in English absolute constructions can be accounted for if they are analysed as depictive phrases, possibly selected by prepositions. The case of the subject in absolutes is shown to be a result of syntactic and non-syntactic factors. I thus argue in accordance with Minimalist goals that syntactic case does not exist, attributing its role in absolutes to other mechanisms.
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Čižik-Prokaševa, Veslava. "Secondary predicates (depictives)." Lietuvių kalba, no. 4 (October 25, 2010): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/lk.2010.22860.
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The paper sets out to investigate the notion of predicates. It also offers an overview of their classification in Lithuanian and foreign linguistics. Most attention is given to free secondary predicates (predicative adjuncts), focusing on predicates with no resultative meaning, i.e. depictives. A secondary predicate is a word syntactically dependent on the main verb (in cases of complementation it is also semantically dependent) and semantically related to its argument. It refers to primary or secondary predication of the clause. According to the character of the syntactic relation, a distinction is made between predicative complements (the predicative is governed by the verb) and predicative adjuncts (the predicative modifies the verb). According to meaning, two types of secondary predicates are divided into non-resultative and resultative. Free non-resultative predicates are by some linguists referred to as depictives (in a general meaning) and by others as depictives (in a narrow sense) and circumstantial secondary predicates.In Lithuanian depictives usually agree with the verbal argument (depictives in concord); however, there are depictives which only partially agree with the verb argument (in number, gender) or do not agree altogether (semantic depictives).
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Özge Gürkan, Duygu. "Depictive secondary predicates in Turkish." Onomázein Revista de lingüística filología y traducción, no. 51 (2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.7764/onomazein.51.02.
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This paper provides an overview of depictive secondary predicates within the Turkish language, particularly surrounding the small clause phenomenon. These constructions function as adjuncts in the matrix clause. However, it may be difficult to distinguish between depictives and adverbial adjuncts in Turkish because of their morphosyntactic shape. Primarily, I will address the distinction between depictives and adverbial adjuncts based on studies founded by Schultze-Berndt & Himmelmann (2004) and Himmelmann & Schultze-Berndt (2006) based on a description of the depictive secondary predicates in Turkish. Furthermore, I will specifically focus on the adjectivals as a depictive secondary predicate. These establish a predicative relationship with their controllers, which are the subject or object of the main clause. In this context, I will also analyze this predicative relationship at a semantical, syntactical and morphosyntactical level. I will then analyze the difficulties faced when referring to these structures as constituents in an analysis of the complex sentence as a whole.
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Jang, Youngjun, and Siyoun Kim. "Secondary predication and default case." ZAS Papers in Linguistics 26 (January 1, 2001): 113–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/zaspil.26.2001.140.
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This paper compares secondary predication constructions (including small clause complements, resultatives, and/or depictives) in English and Korean and argues that these two typologically different languages employ different modes of satisfying the Case Filter (Chomsky 1981) with regard to the Case of the subjects of secondary predication constructions. More specifically, we argue that the subject of the secondary predicate in English is Accusative Case-marked by the higher governing verb, while that in Korean is Nominative Case-marked by default. Evidence for default Nominative Case will be provided from Korean and other languages.
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Mohmmed, Abeer Jasim, and Intisar Rashid Khaleel. "Tom Clancy ś Debt of Honor: Uncanny Ability to Predict The Future." JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE STUDIES 8, no. 9 (2024): 290–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/lang.8.9.19.
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This paper investigates Tom Clancy's Debt of Honor through the framework of Nicholas Rescher's theory of predication. This philosophical approach examines how language connects concepts with the objects they describe. As Rescher posits, prediction is a crucial mechanism for understanding and organizing our perceptions of the world, enabling effective communication by linking abstract ideas to concrete entities. The objective of this study is to demystify Rescher's theory, presenting it clearly and understandably while highlighting its importance in both theoretical discussions and practical applications. The research begins by outlining the fundamental tenets of Rescher's theory, including how predication operates within everyday language and thought processes. It then applies these principles to the narrative and thematic structures within Debt of Honor, illustrating how the novel's depiction of complex socio-political scenarios can be better understood through the lens of prediction. The study explores the broader implications of Rescher's theory. The paper argues that a deeper understanding of predication can enhance clarity and precision in both philosophical discourse and real-world communication.
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Zhang, Niina. "On nonprimary selectional restrictions." ZAS Papers in Linguistics 26 (January 1, 2001): 219–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/zaspil.26.2001.145.
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This paper argues for non-primary c- and s-selectional restrictions of verbs in computing nonprimary predicatives such as resultatives, depictives, and manners. Our discussion is based both on the selection violations in the presence of nonprimary predicates and on the cross-linguistic and language-internal variations of categorial and semantic constraints on nonprimary predicates. We claim that all types of thematic predication are represented by an extended projection, and that the merger of lexical heads with another element, regardless of the type of the element, consistently has c- and s-selectional restrictions.
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Hatav, Galia. "Verb phrase secondary predication: Biblical Hebrew as a case study." Linguistics 58, no. 2 (2020): 363–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ling-2020-0044.
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AbstractIn this article, I discuss secondary predication in Biblical Hebrew, showing that contrary to what linguists such as Rothstein (2004. Structuring events. Malden, MA & Oxford: Blackwell) suggest, there are languages with verb phrases as secondary predicates.In particular, I deal with a construction in Biblical Hebrew I refer to as the double infinitive-absolute construction, where in addition to a finite verb, the sentence contains two conjoined occurrences of an infinitive absolute, where the first is of the same root and binyan (pattern) as the finite verb but deprived of temporal and agreement features, while the second is of a different root and (maybe) binyan. I show that Biblical Hebrew uses this construction to form a new complex verb with the primary predicate, such that it shares the subject or the object with the primary predicate, depicting a situation that overlaps in time with the situation depicted by the primary predicate or results from it.
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Abbas, Assel Abdulhussein, and Abbas Lutfi Hussein. "Women Discrimination in Lynn Nottage’s By the Way, Meet Vera Stark: A Critical Discourse Analysis." International Journal of English Literature and Social Sciences 8, no. 6 (2023): 102–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijels.86.15.
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The current research paper aims to investigate and reveal the implicit ideologies that are used by Lynn Nottage in her play By the Way, Meet Vera Stark to represent her patriarchal society. The study exhibits critical discourse analysis (CDA) of the representation of women discrimination within Nottag’s play By the Way, Meet Vera Stark. The study delves into the complex construction of American societal stratification, centering on the discursive depiction in the context of women discrimination in the play. The study adopts Reisigl and Wodak’(2001,2009) framework to analyze the collected data qualitatively and quantitatively. The data of this study are four extracts from a different scene of the play to represent women discrimination. The analysis of the data reveals that Nottage criticizes American society for the interplaying between power dynamics, societal status, and the depiction of women exploitation, spotlighting on the multifaceted dimensions of discrimination exemplification within the play. By utilizing all of the discursive strategies, the study concludes that the predicational strategy gets a higher percentage of the total use of the discursive strategies, which indicates the writer’s frequent reliance on predicational strategies to project how characters’ attributes and qualities thereby affecting the depiction of discrimination in the context of the play.
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Klimenko, Sergei. "A corpus study of kasama ‘companion’ in Tagalog." Concentric. Studies in Linguistics 46, no. 2 (2020): 240–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/consl.00019.kli.
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Abstract This paper presents a corpus-based study of a number of different types of previously undescribed constructions formed with the Tagalog noun kasama ‘companion’. Apart from independent and attributive uses, kasama frequently occurs as the predicate of an adjunct clause that can introduce a comitative participant, a semantically depictive secondary predicate, an event-oriented adjunct, or a predicative complement. The study analyses the frequency of kasama in all of these types of constructions and looks into their specific properties. This includes: the semantic distinction between additive and inclusory constructions with kasama; animacy agreement between arguments of kasama in additive constructions; variation in case marking of arguments of kasama; the preponderance of the absence of linkers – commonly known to introduce adverbial clauses in Tagalog – which are used to attach the kasama clause to the main clause; attested controllers of the kasama clause; positions available for the kasama clause in the sentence. Variation in case marking and compatibility with linkers suggests a classification of Tagalog adjunct clauses similar to that of Tagalog adverbials and prepositions. There is also some evidence to believe that kasama is being grammaticalized as a preposition. Comitative and semantically depictive constructions with kasama, which account for a quarter of the corpus sample, have never been studied before, despite the fact that Tagalog is included in several typological studies on comitative and depictive constructions.
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den Dikken, Marcel, and Éva Dékány. "The morphosyntax of the Hungarian sociative and dissociative suffixes." Approaches to Hungarian 18 2, no. 1 (2023): 74–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jul.00015.dik.
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Abstract This paper examines the morphosyntax of (dis)sociative ‘with(out)’, with particular reference to the facts of Hungarian but with an eye towards universality. The morphological analysis of -stul/stül ‘with’ and -talanul/telenül ‘without’ unpacks these complex forms, utilizing a variety of morphemes treated as heads of phrases in the syntax; the syntax, in turn, represents (dis)sociatives as depictive secondary predications, with a PRO-subject controlled by either the subject or the object of the containing clause. The morphophonology and semantics of sociative -stul and dissociative -talanul unfold compositionally from the syntactic structure. The analysis of (dis)sociatives reveals the benefits of composing complex word-level formatives in syntax, shows that snowballing head movement and phrasal movement are two discrete strategies for syntactic word formation, and sheds new light on several grammatical formatives and their interactions.
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Leal, António, Maria Lobo, and Purificação Silvano. "Como-gerund clauses in European Portuguese." Isogloss. Open Journal of Romance Linguistics 10, no. 3 (2024): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5565/rev/isogloss.329.
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Previous literature on the typology of gerund clauses in Portuguese has overlooked a peculiar type of clauses which are always introduced by como (‘as’) and display an array of characteristics that set them apart from all other gerund clauses (and from other, somehow similar, constructions in different languages). In this paper, we provide an in-depth syntactic and semantic characterisation of these como-gerund clauses and the contexts in which they arise, highlighting their similarities and differences regarding other constructions, namely resultative and depictive secondary predicates. We put forward a proposal to deal with their syntactic configurations and the restrictions they exhibit. We also propose that como is obligatory in these clauses because it marks a type-shift operation, which gives como gerund clauses a predicative interpretation, usually found in the nominal domain.
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Ledeneva, V. V. "About Predication in the Texts by V. Astafiev (Based on the Material of the Story “Trophy Cannon”)." Russian Studies in Philology, no. 3 (June 19, 2024): 8–15. https://doi.org/10.18384/2949-5008-2024-3-8-15.
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Aim. The study of the colloquial verbs as a means of predication, characterizing such an idiosyncratic feature of V. Astafiev’s texts as “cruel realism”.Methodology. From the text of V. Astafiev’s short story “Trophy Cannon”, verb words, that belong to colloquial vocabulary, were purposefully selected. An important feature of the idiostyle for the author is revealed with their help. It is connected with the use of the stylistic potential and connotative halo of these units: the creation of truthful pages of prose about the war, outlined with “brutal realism”. The methods of analysis used are the description of the semantics of verbal vocabulary with the involvement of lexicographic sources, elements of component analysis, interpretation, contextual and stylistic analysis.Results. The study showed V. Astafyev’s fidelity to the principle of truthful, unvarnished and retouched depiction of war, a psychologically subtle, philosophically meaningful reflection of the characters and behavior of people in conditions of military life – the special existence. It is shown, that not only in the famous novel “Cursed and Killed”, but also in the story “Trophy Cannon”, published in the magazine “Znamya” in 2001, at the end of his life, such an idiosyncratic feature as “cruel realism” remains inherent in the writer’s prose – the constant of works about the war with Nazi Germany.Research implications. The study confirms the importance of studying the means of predication to characterize the idiosyncrasies of the writer, to identify / confirm its constants; the results can be used in the study of creativity, language and style of V. Astafiev, in university courses of stylistics and lexicology as illustrative material.
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Åfarli, Tor A., Jarosław Jakielaszek, Iwona Witczak-Plisiecka, et al. "Book Reviews." Research in Language 5 (December 18, 2007): 251–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10015-007-0013-3.
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Nikolaus P. Himmelmann, Eva F. Schultze-Berndt (eds), Secondary Predication and Adverbial Modification: The Typology of Depictives, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005. xxv + 448 pages
 Edward L. Keenan, Edward P. Stabler, Bare Grammar: Lectures on Linguistic Invariants. Stanford: CSLI Publications, 2003. 192 pp.
 Siobhan Chapman, Thinking about Language. Theories of English. Houndsmills and New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006. X + 174 pages. pb (Series: Perspectives on the English Language)
 Judith Rodby, W. Ross Winterowd, The Uses of Grammar, Oxford: Oxford & New York: Oxford University Press, 2005. xiv + 274 pp.
 Laura J. Downing, Alan T. Hall and Renate Raffelsiefen (eds), Paradigms in Phonological Theory. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005. 349 pages.
 Max W. Wheeler, The Phonology of Catalan. (The Phonology of the World’s Languages). Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005. XI + 387 pp.
 Jan-Olof Svantesson, Anna Tsendina, Anastasia Karlson, and Vivan Franzén, The Phonology of Mongolian. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005. Pp. xix + 314.
 Cliff Goddard, The Languages of East and Southeast Asia. An Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005. pp. xvi + 315.
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Dyachkov, Vadim V. "Functional structure of Ossetic adjectives and the problem of reduced predicative constructions." Sibirskiy filologicheskiy zhurnal, no. 2 (2025): 174–90. https://doi.org/10.17223/18137083/91/14.
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The paper examines Ossetic adjectives from a typological perspective. Adjective categories are language-specific and may not be universal. This paper aims to highlight the specific features of the Ossetic adjectives compared to other languages. It focuses on the functional structures they authorize in diverse contexts. The analysis demonstrates that these elements cannot be modified by a set of modifiers that are commonly licensed by adjectives across languages. Notably, Ossetic adjectives used attributively are subject to constraints, prohibiting their combination with applicative experience-denoting noun phrases and negative markers, and often demonstrate a reduced structure in various contexts. All constructions involving adjectives can be subdivided into two categories: those that allow modifiers (degree adverbials, comparative markers, and arguments of adjectives) and those that do not. The first type, as exemplified by depictive constructions and deadjectival adverbs, exhibits a retention of the functional structure of their source elements. The latter type features complex predicates and some denominal adjectives, specifically those that denote material. The absence of licensing for dependent components necessitates the simplification of these applications to structures that only utilize the root level. Furthermore, the analysis highlights several noteworthy characteristics of attributive adjectives, namely their flexibility in terms of word order within noun phrases and their capacity to be separated from the head under specific circumstances. The findings indicate that Ossetic adjectives, despite their noun-like properties, are derived from predicative structures that have been simplified, and specific uses, such as in complex predicates, involve even fewer functional elements.
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Vakulenko, G., and N. Klypa. "Actualization of Subordinate Circumstantial Constructions of Adverbial Type in the Artistic Speech of Yevhen Gutsalo." Literature and Culture of Polissya 106, no. 20f (2022): 132–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.31654/2520-6966-2022-20f-106-132-144.
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The article characterizes the structural and semantic features of compound sentences with subordinate circumstantial parts of the adverbial type, which can be found in Yevhen Gutsal’s short prose. Both the semantic and syntactic relations between predicative parts, explicit connecting means are described. The functional load of the analyzed constructions in terms of artistic expression of the author’s approach is clarified. The productive use of compound sentences with adverbial circumstantial parts of spatial, temporal, methodical, quantitative and comparative semantics in the artistic speech of Yevhen Gutsalo is proved to be due to his communicative need to expand the syntactic level of time and space, quality and quantity. In general, compound sentences with proverbial subordinate clauses in the writer’s texts reflect the general tendencies in the construction and peculiarities of the functioning of these structures. The writer’s individual style of their use is manifested in the communicative need of these models to express specific semantic and syntactic relations, personal preferences for the choice of connecting means, the order of predicative parts, lexical and semantic content of structures. An important feature in the actualization of the analyzed sentences are the stylistic features of the writer’s language: lyricism, realism, colloquialism, psychologism, which requires attention to details, depiction of personal feelings and evaluation.
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Sonderegger, Katherine. "Barth and the divine perfections." Scottish Journal of Theology 67, no. 4 (2014): 450–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0036930614000210.
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AbstractColin Gunton advanced the radical claim that Christians have univocal knowledge of God. Just this, he said in Act and Being, was the fruit of Christ's ministry and passion. Now, was Gunton right to find this teaching in Karl Barth – or at least, as an implication of Barth's celebrated rejection of ‘hellenist metaphysics’? This article aims to answer this question by examining Gunton's own claim in Act and Being, followed by a closer inspection of Barth's analysis of the doctrine of analogy in a long excursus in Church Dogmatics II/1.Contrary to some readings of Barth, I find Barth to be remarkably well-informed about the sophisticated terms of contemporary Roman Catholic debate about analogy, including the work of G. Sohngen and E. Pryzwara. Barth's central objection to the doctrine of analogy in this section appears to be the doctrine's reckless division (in Barth's eyes) of the Being of God into a ‘bare’ God, the subject of natural knowledge, and the God of the Gospel, known in Jesus Christ. But such reckless abstraction cannot be laid at the feet of Roman theologians alone! Barth extensively examines, and finds wanting, J. A. Quenstedt's doctrine of analogy, and the knowledge of God it affords, all stripped, Barth charges, of the justifying grace of Jesus Christ. From these pieces, Barth builds his own ‘doctrine of similarity’, a complex and near-baroque account, which seeks to ground knowledge of God in the living act of his revelation and redemption of sinners. All this makes one tempted to say that Gunton must be wrong in his assessment either of univocal predication or of its roots in the theology of Karl Barth.But passages from the same volume of the Church Dogmatics make one second-guess that first conclusion. When Barth turns from his methodological sections in volume II/1 to the material depiction of the divine perfections, he appears to lay aside every hesitation and speak as directly, as plainly and, it seems, as ‘univocally’ as Gunton could ever desire. Some examples from the perfection of divine righteousness point to Barth's startling use of frank and direct human terms for God's own reality and his unembarrassed use of such terms to set out the very ‘heart of God’.Yet things are never quite what they seem in Barth. A brief comparison between Gunton's univocal predication and Barth's own use of christological predication reveals some fault-lines between the two, and an explanation, based on Barth's own doctrine of justification, is offered in its place.
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Čižik-Prokaševa, Veslava. "A tentative semantic map of depictives and other secondary participant-oriented predicates in the Lithuanian language." Lietuvių kalba, no. 5 (December 28, 2011): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/lk.2011.22795.
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The article sets out to analyse the similarities and differences of free secondary predicates (predicative adjuncts) in the Lithuanian language and secondary predicates in other languages. The study has been carried out relying on the universal semantic map for participant-oriented modifiers drawn by N. P. Himmelmann and E. Schultze-Berndt (2005) and on the basis of the elements of its composition. The analysis has demonstrated that the majority of Lithuanian language modifiers which have usually been analysed as circumstantials, i.e. as event-oriented modifiers, are in fact also participant-oriented. Their semantic link with the participant is reflected not only by the secondary predicates of physical, mental or emotional condition, function, role, association, collective or life stage but also by those of manner, concomitance, distributivity, time and even location and atmospheric condition. As a result, a tentative semantic map of participant-oriented modifiers in the Lithuanian language has been composed and it is provided in the article. This map is different from the universal map of Himmelmann and Schultze-Berndt because of the specificity of the Lithuanian language (secondary predicates of time, collective, distributivity, order, frequency and emphatic pronoun in the map of the Lithuanian language have fallen into different places; the denotation of location of event has been eliminated) and because of different theoretical principles selected for this study (the denotations of comparison and benefactive / malefactive are eliminated, circumstantial secondary predicates are added). With respect to the possible denotations of free secondary predicates in different languages of the word as proposed by Himmelmann and Schultze-Berndt, the Lithuanian language only lacks those of comparison, benefactive / malefactive and location of event; however, it is possible to distinguish additional categories of causal, temporal, conditional and concessive circumstantials. On the basis of the investigation, the following tentative semantic map of participant-oriented modifiers in the Lithuanian language has been drawn.
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Siewierska, Anna. "Languages With and Without Objects." Languages in Contrast 1, no. 2 (1998): 173–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lic.1.2.05sie.
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Among the theoretical frameworks which consider grammatical relations to be a possible but not necessary level of clausal organization, the approach to the object relation espoused in Simon Dik's (1978, 198g, 1997) Functional Grammar is the most restrictive. Unlike various other models of grammar, only one object relation is recognized and its presence in a language is conditional on the existence of a productive dative-shift opposition relating predications depicting the same states of affairs, as in the case of the English The teacher gave the picture to the child and The teacher gave the child a picture. Taking the existence of pairs of clauses such as these as a diagnostic of the object relation heavily reduces the number of languages manifesting an object relation, so the presence of an object relation emerges as a potentially interesting typological parameter. But do the languages manifesting an object relation, in this restrictive sense of the term, have any properties in common other than the object relation? Little attention has been given to this issue either by Functional Grammarians or other linguists who adopt a similar view of the object relation. The present paper seeks to redress this situation by exploring the cross-linguistic applicability of the object relation, as defined in FG, in an extensive sample of genetically and geographically stratified languages. It examines the typological characteristics of the languages with objects in the FG sense of the term and establishes the typological profile most likely leading to the presence of an object relation.
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Hlushchenko, Lina, and Marta Tsuper. "LINGUISTIC MEANS AND COMPENSATION MECHANISM OF ELLIPSIS OF SIMPLE VERBAL PREDICATE IN THE TEXT OF SOPHOCLES’ TRAGEDY “OEDIPUS AT COLONUS”." Naukovì zapiski Nacìonalʹnogo unìversitetu «Ostrozʹka akademìâ». Serìâ Fìlologìčna 1, no. 18(86) (2023): 57–62. https://doi.org/10.25264/2519-2558-2023-18(86)-57-62.
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The article highlights linguistic means and the compensation mechanism of ellipsis of simple verbal predicate in the text of Sophocles’ tragedy «Oedipus at Colonus». The grammatical forms of the omitted predicates are determined, among which the forms of the first and second person singular of the present tense and the aorist dominate. It was found that in most cases, verbs denoting action, in particular movement, intellectual and speech activity, are subject to elimination. It is established that elliptical predicates are mostly reconstructed on the basis of their use in the previous context. On the basis of different types of syntactic connections, the compensatory means of elliptical units were identified. It was proved that the subordinate adverbial connection (79%), especially word control (69%), when the emphasis shifts to direct and indirect objects as a result of ellipsis, is decisive for distinguishing the compensatory units expressed mostly by syntactic units-constructions.. It is proposed to interpret the mechanism of compensation as a set of expedient steps aimed at determining of the elliptical unit, its syntactic valency, which, through subordinate adverbial or predicative syntactic connections, determines the identification of the required compensatory unit from the linguistic situation of dialogical communication, from the context or construction of the sentence. By not using simple predicates and shifting the logical emphasis to other members of the sentence, the author draws attention to the depiction of religious rites, specifies the actors and family ties between them, substantiates the reasons for their actions, deeds or state, elucidates their movements, ways of perceiving the surrounding reality, shows their emotions, emphasizing the information that is more important for the content.
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KOZLOVSKA, Larysa, та Hanna DIADCHENKO. "CONCEPT “LONELINESS” IN THE POETIC CREATIVITY OF THE END OF ХХ – BEGINNING OF ХХІ CENTURIES". Culture of the Word, № 95 (2021): 184–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.37919/0201-419x-2021.95.15.
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The article is devoted to the linguistic description of the concept “loneliness” in the language of the Ukrainian poetry at the end of ХХ – beginning of ХХІ centuries. The authors prove that “loneliness” concept is a productive instrumentation of lingual depiction of the psychological portrayal of a contemporary. Language of the poetic works at the end of ХХ – beginning of ХХІ centuries gives a convincing evidence to this statement. It represents such lingual signs of the “loneliness” leitmotif as the abstract nouns loneliness, solitude, fragmentation, loner, sad and lonely, recluse, away from everyone, epithets lonely, lone, reclusive, deserted. In process of the artistic modelling of the state of loneliness the lingual images with the space, quantity or the auditory semantics are used. In the language of the Ukrainian poetry at the end of ХХ – beginning of ХХІ centuries such line of the imaginary creation is accompanied with the associates fold, circle, labyrinth, wall, home, room, barrier, etc. They are functioning as the components of the imaginative structures of the different degree of extension. It may be two-componential genitive metaphor or vast metaphoric descriptions which are the components of the predicative metaphor. Suffering of the lonely person are expressively depicted in the poetic contexts united with the quantitative meaning. Such meaning is typical for the numerals and adjectives (big) or adverbs (to overflowing). Semantic field created around the nomination loneliness provides an indication of such trend of the modern lingual creativity as gradual concretization of the abstract loneliness. In such process the associative halo changes its emotional and evaluative marking. However, the associative parallels with the world of nature usually have general positive connotation and the object associations are the factors of the context domestication together with the connotation change. During the abstract “loneliness” concretization demotion of the poetic statement also takes place. Sublime tone and evaluation are episodic while the object associations are the lingual symbols of the domestic or ironic colour. The efficiency of such imaginative line is asserted by the personifying structures with the lexical centre “loneliness”. We’d like to note that during the nearing to the concretization loneliness abstract develops its own epithet field of colours. Latter are mainly eligible or achromatic nominations. Among the other characteristic poetic phenomena is modelling of the imaginative structures meaning the psychological state of loneliness extended to the micro text level. The lingual material analysed makes possible to come to the conclusion of the importance of the loneliness concept in process of the psychological portrayal of the contemporary. The imaginative structures observed prove the importance of the philosophical reflection and poetic depiction of the problem of loneliness in the modern world.
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Баранова, Влада Вячеславовна, Максим Леонидович Федотов, and Софья Алексеевна Оскольская. "EXPRESSING ABSENCE IN THE TURKIC LANGUAGES OF THE VOLGA-KAMA SPRACHBUND: CHUVASH AND BASHKIR." Tomsk Journal of Linguistics and Anthropology, no. 4(34) (December 28, 2021): 9–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.23951/2307-6119-2021-4-9-31.
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Статья посвящена способам выражения отсутствия или неучастия/невовлеченности в (малокарачкинском = пошкартском) чувашском и (кубалякском) башкирском, двух тюркских языках Волго-Камского языкового союза. Данные были собраны в ходе экспедиций в респ. Башкортостан (2011–2016 гг.) и Чувашскую респ. (2017–2019 гг.). Кроме того, мы также привлекаем данные татарского языка, взятые из имеющихся грамматик, словарей и корпусов. Представленные данные показывают, что в чувашском, башкирском и татарском языках используются очень похожие наборы показателей отсутствия или невовлеченности участника. В каждом языке один из показателей (чувашский ɕok, башкирский juq, татарский juk) представляет собой отрицательную экзистенциальную/посессивную связку, а другой (чувашский -SƏr, башкирский -hEð, татарский -sEz) функционирует как каритивный (абессивный) суффикс. Эти показатели когнатны друг другу во всех трёх языках. Эти показатели также имеют очень похожие наборы основных синтаксических позиций и семантических функций. Синтаксически, связки образуют отдельные клаузы и чаще всего употребляются как предикаты независимых клауз. Каритивные показатели могут занимать различные синтаксические позиции: атрибутивную, обстоятельственную, депиктивную и предикативную (где они конкурируют со связками). С точки зрения семантики, связки выражают ожидаемые значения показателей экзистенциального отрицания: собственно экзистенциальное отрицание, презентативное локативное отрицание, отрицание разных типов обладания, ответная реплика ‘нет’. Каритивные показатели выражают основные каритивные значения: невовлеченность или отсутствие спутника, инструмента, разных типов обладаемого (легального или временного, части тела, родственника, параметра и др.). Интересно отметить, что дистрибуция утвердительных коррелятов каритивных показателей также практически одинакова в башкирском, чувашском и татарском, хотя инструментально-комитативные показатели имеют разный морфосинтаксический статус: чувашский суффикс -PA(lA) против башкирского и татарского послелогов menæn и belæn. Однако между этими тремя системами есть и ряд различий. Во-первых, рассматриваемые показатели могут использоваться в составе более крупных конструкций, которые различаются в чувашском, башкирском и татарском языках. Так, башкирская связка juq, как и татарская juk, сочетается с причастной формой (на -Gan) в эксперицениальных контекстах, в отличие от чувашской ɕok. Связка ɕok в чувашском может использоваться с инфинитивом (на -mA) для выражения невозможности, что не засвидетельствовано для башкирского и татарского. Кроме того, только в чувашском имеется сложная форма, сочетающая инфинитив (на -mA) с каритивным маркером -SƏr, которая функционирует как «отрицательное деепричастие». В чувашском имеется конструкция исключения, включающая показатель каритива: -SƏr poɕnʲa, в то время как в башкирском и татарском когнатные эксептивные послелоги baʃqa/baʃka управляют аблативом. Чувашский показатель ɕok и татарский показатель juk могут использоваться атрибутивно без эксплицитного выражения подчинения, в то время как башкирский показатель juq в этом случае требует дополнительного вспомогательного глагола. Чувашский каритивный показатель -SƏr проявляет больше всего падежных свойств: в отличие от башкирского -hEð и татарского -sEz, он может сочетаться с посессивными показателями, а словоформы с этим показателем могут иметь существительные в качестве зависимых. Чувашский и татарский показатели также похожи тем, что, в отличие от башкирского показателя, словоформы с ними могут иметь личные местоимения в качестве зависимых. Таким образом, все три тюркских языка Волго-Камского языкового союза имеют похожие системы выражения отсутствия или невовлеченности участника. Они различаются только рядом параметров, по которым татарский занимает промежуточное положение между чувашским и башкирским. Это согласуется с географическим положением трех языков: чувашского на западе, башкирского на севере и татарского посередине между ними. The paper describes means of expressing absence and non-participation in (Maloye Karachkino = Poshkart) Chuvash and (Kubalyak) Bashkir, two Turkic languages of the Volga-Kama Sprachbund. The field data were collected in Bashkortostan (2011–2016) and Chuvash Republic (2017–2019). Additionally, we bring into comparison available data on Tatar from existing grammars, dictionaries, and corpora (and, for some aspects, from native speakers). The presented data reveal that Chuvash, Bashkir, and Tatar use very similar sets of markers to express absence or non-involvement of a participant. In each language, one of the markers (Chuvash ɕok, Bashkir juq, Tatar juk) can be described as a negative existential/possessive copula, another one (Chuvash -SƏr, Bashkir -hEð, Tatar -sEz) functions as a caritive (abessive) suffix. These markers are cognate to each other in all three languages. These markers also have the very similar ranges of basic syntactic positions and semantic functions. Syntactically, the copulas form separate clauses and usually occur as predicates of independent clauses. The caritive markers can be used in different syntactic positions: attributive, adverbial, depictive, or predicative (where they compete with the copulas). Semantically, the copulas express meanings expectable for negative existentials: existential negation proper, presentative locative negation, negation of various types of possession, and ‘no’ reply. The caritive markers express the basic caritive meanings: non-involvement or absence of a companion, of an instrument, of various types of possessees (legal and temporary possessees, body parts, relatives, parameters, etc.). Interestingly, the distribution of affirmative counterparts of the caritive marker is practically the same in Bashkir, Chuvash, and Tatar, despite the fact that these comitative-instrumental markers have different morphosyntactic nature: the Chuvash suffix -PA(lA) vs. the Bashkir and Tatar postpositions menæn and belæn. However, there is a number of differences between these three systems. First, the markers in question can have uses as part of larger constructions that differ in Chuvash, Bashkir, and Tatar. The Bashkir copula juq can combine with the participle form (in -GAn) in experiential contexts, as well as the Tatar copula juk, but not the Chuvash copula ɕok. The copula ɕok in Chuvash can be used with the infinitive in -mA to express impossibility, which has not been attested for Bashkir and Tatar. Also, only Chuvash has a complex verbal form combining an infinitive (in -mA) with the caritive marker -SƏr which functions as a “negative converb”. Chuvash has an exceptive construction which includes the caritive marker: -SƏr poɕnʲa, while in Bashkir and Tatar cognate exceptive postpositions baʃqa/baʃka are used with the ablative marker. The Chuvash and Tatar markers ɕok and juk can be used attributively without overt marking of subordination, while the Bashkir marker juq demands an additional auxiliary verb in such contexts. The Chuvash marker -SƏr displays the most features of case markers: unlike the Bashkir marker -hEð and the Tatar marker -sEz, it can combine with possessive markers and wordforms with this marker can have nouns as its dependents. And the Chuvash marker and the Tatar marker are similar in that, unlike the Bashkir marker, wordforms with them can have personal pronouns as dependents. In general, all three Turkic languages of Volga-Kama Sprachbund have similar systems of expressing absence or non-involvement of a participant. They differ only in a number of details, where Tatar has an intermediate position between Chuvash and Bashkir. This is in line with the geographical distribution of the three languages: Chuvash in the West, Bashkir in the North, and Tatar in the middle between the two.
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Widmer, Paul, and Salvatore Scarlata. "R̥gvedic depictive adjectival compounds and their functions." Journal of South Asian Languages and Linguistics, March 7, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jsall-2022-2037.
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Abstract The present study provides a survey of the semantics of depictive (in a broad sense, including circumstantials) adjectival compounds in Vedic Sanskrit. Following the typology of depictive constructions developed by Himmelmann, Nikolaus P. & Eva F. Schultze-Berndt. 2005. Issues in the syntax and semantics of participant-oriented adjuncts. In Nikolaus P. Himmelmann & Eva F. Schultze-Berndt (eds.), Secondary predication and adverbial modification: The typology of depictives, 1–67. Oxford & New York: Oxford University, we structure our classification along the semantic fields that such expressions tend to occur in. Our results show that in Vedic, the use of depictive adjectival compounds spans (almost) the whole gamut of functions reported for depictives in cross-linguistic studies. In Vedic, depictive compounds rank on a par with other strategies of non-finite event elaboration such as participles, verbal adjectives, and action nouns.
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Afzal, Summaya, and Ahmed Hassan. "Using Rhetorical and Persuasive Techniques: A Political Discourse Analysis of the Victory Speech by Imran Khan." Journal of Communication and Cultural Trends 3, no. 2 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.32350/jcct.32.05.
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This paper endeavors to shed light on the rhetorical and persuasive techniques used by the current Pakistani Prime Minister Imran Khan in his victory speech. It also explores the expression of ideology by Imran Khan after his victory in the general election of 2018. The convincing strategies are explored in this article which Khan exploited in his speech to persuade the people of Pakistan. The study identified different elements of political power in the said speech. This study is qualitative and utilizes the rhetoric of Aristotle, that is, pathos, ethos, and logos. It also explored the prediction strategy, positive self-portrayal and negative depiction of other politicians as manifested by the choice of personal pronouns by Imran Khan to change the political views and perception of the masses. The study revealed the intentional crafting of victory speech using the model of Aristotelian rhetoric and the application of the strategies of positive predication and self-appraisal, as well as the negative portrayal of opponent parties to persuade the public to support Imran Khan’s political agenda.
 Keywords: Aristotle, ideology, negative, persuasive and rhetorical techniques, positive, rhetoric