Log in

Relevant bibliographies by topics / Depletion Layer / Journal articles

To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Depletion Layer.

Journal articles on the topic 'Depletion Layer'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 9 March 2023

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Depletion Layer.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.

1

Zeng, Yan, Xiao Yang Huang, Wei Dong Zhou, and Sheng Kai Yu. "A Numerical Study on Heat Transfer and Lubricant Depletion on an Anisotropic Multilayer Hard Disk." Applied Mechanics and Materials 232 (November 2012): 770–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.232.770.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper presents a numerical investigation on the effect of thermal anisotropy of the top layer alloy on heat transfer and lubricant depletion on the disk surface in a heat-assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) system. The disk consists of multilayer structures and a thin layer of lubricant on the top surface. Cases under different laser powers and initial lubricant film thicknesses are examined. The top-layer alloy thermal anisotropy does show non-negligible effect on the heat transfer and lubricant depletion. With the top-layer alloy being more anisotropic, higher temperature increase and lager lubricant depletion can be observed on the disk surface. The results also show that the thermal anisotropy effect is more significant under a lower laser power but nearly keeps no much difference under different initial lubricant film thicknesses. Thus it is of importance to include the thermal anisotropy effect of the top-layer Co-alloy when simulating the heat transfer and lubricant depletion in practical multilayer HMAR systems, especially for the cases under the condition of lower laser power, as the effect cannot be neglected under such conditions.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Srivani, Alla. "Effect of Ozone Layer Depletion on Advanced Materials." Radiology Research and Diagnostic Imaging 2, no. 1 (February 9, 2023): 01–03. http://dx.doi.org/10.58489/2836-5127/010.

Full text

Abstract:

From ozone exposure can result in significant economic losses due to the higher costs of maintenance, upkeep, and replacement of these materials. Common plastic materials' outdoor service life is restricted by their vulnerability to sun UV radiation. The UV-B component of the solar spectrum is highly effective in causing photo damage in manufactured and naturally occurring materials. This is especially true with plastics, rubber, and wood utilised in the construction and agriculture industries. Any drop in the stratospheric ozone layer and resulting increase in the UV-B component of terrestrial sunlight will therefore tend to reduce the service life of these materials. However, estimating the extent to which the service life is shortened is challenging because it is dependent on various factors.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Ransley, J. H. T., A. Aziz, C. Durkan, and A. A. Seshia. "Silicon depletion layer actuators." Applied Physics Letters 92, no. 18 (May 5, 2008): 184103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2920440.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

De Winter-Sorkina, Renata. "Impact of ozone layer depletion I: ozone depletion climatology." Atmospheric Environment 35, no. 9 (March 2001): 1609–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1352-2310(00)00436-2.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

De Winter-Sorkina, Renata. "Impact of ozone layer depletion II:." Atmospheric Environment 35, no. 9 (March 2001): 1615–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1352-2310(00)00437-4.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Rowlands, Ian H. "OZONE LAYER DEPLETION AND GLOBAL WARMING." Peace & Change 16, no. 3 (July 1991): 260–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0130.1991.tb00572.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Watanabe, H. "Depletion Layer of Gate Poly-Si." IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 52, no. 10 (October 2005): 2265–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ted.2005.856791.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Yan, Zeng, Xiao Yang Huang, Wei Dong Zhou, and Sheng Kai Yu. "Numerical Study on Heat Transfer and Lubricant Depletion in a Heat Assisted Magnetic Recording System with Multilayer Disk Structure." Advanced Materials Research 452-453 (January 2012): 1384–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.452-453.1384.

Full text

Abstract:

Heat transfer and lubricant depletion in a HAMR system with multilayer disk substrate are numerically simulated in this study. Cases under two types of multilayer disk substrates with different materials on the top layer as well as different laser powers are examined. The results show the significant effects of the material property and the laser power. Compared with pure glass disk substrate, larger thermal conductivity of top-layer material in the multilayer disk substrate causes faster heat conduction and thus substantial reductions in the temperature increase and lubricant depletion on the top surface. Hence it is necessary and important to incorporate the real multilayer structure in modeling heat transfer and lubricant depletion in practical HAMR systems.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Maynard, N. C., W. J. Burke, J. D. Scudder, D. M. Ober, G. L. Siscoe, W. W. White, K. D. Siebert, et al. "Observed and simulated depletion layers with southward IMF." Annales Geophysicae 22, no. 6 (June 14, 2004): 2151–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-22-2151-2004.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. We present observations from the Polar satellite that confirm the existence of two types of depletion layers predicted under southward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) conditions in magnetohydrodynamic simulations. The first depletion type occurs along the stagnation line when IMF BX and/or dipole tilt are/is present. Magnetic merging occurred away from the equator (Maynard et al., 2003) and flux pile-ups developed while the field lines drape to the high-latitude merging sites. This high-shear type of depletion is consistent with the depletion layer model suggested by Zwan and Wolf (1976) for low-shear northward IMF conditions. Expected sites for depletion layers are associated with places where IMF tubes of force first impinge upon the magnetopause. The second depletion type develops poleward of the cusp. Under strongly driven conditions, magnetic fields from Region 1 current closure over the lobes (Siscoe et al., 2002c) cause the high-latitude magnetopause to bulge outward, creating a shoulder above the cusp. These shoulders present the initial obstacle with which the IMF interacts. Flow is impeded, causing local flux pile-ups and low-shear depletion layers to form poleward of the cusps. Merging at the high-shear dayside magnetopause is consequently delayed. In both low- and high-shear cases, we show that the depletion layer structure is part of a slow mode wave standing in front of the magnetopause. As suggested by Southwood and Kivelson (1995), the depletions are rarefactions on the magnetopause side of slow-mode density compressions. While highly sheared magnetic fields are often used as proxies for ongoing local magnetic merging, depletion layers are prohibited at merging locations. Therefore, the existence of a depletion layer is evidence that the location of merging must be remote relative to the observation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Rowland, F. Sherwood. "Stratospheric ozone depletion." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 361, no. 1469 (February 21, 2006): 769–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2005.1783.

Full text

Abstract:

Solar ultraviolet radiation creates an ozone layer in the atmosphere which in turn completely absorbs the most energetic fraction of this radiation. This process both warms the air, creating the stratosphere between 15 and 50 km altitude, and protects the biological activities at the Earth's surface from this damaging radiation. In the last half-century, the chemical mechanisms operating within the ozone layer have been shown to include very efficient catalytic chain reactions involving the chemical species HO, HO 2 , NO, NO 2 , Cl and ClO. The NO X and ClO X chains involve the emission at Earth's surface of stable molecules in very low concentration (N 2 O, CCl 2 F 2 , CCl 3 F, etc.) which wander in the atmosphere for as long as a century before absorbing ultraviolet radiation and decomposing to create NO and Cl in the middle of the stratospheric ozone layer. The growing emissions of synthetic chlorofluorocarbon molecules cause a significant diminution in the ozone content of the stratosphere, with the result that more solar ultraviolet-B radiation (290–320 nm wavelength) reaches the surface. This ozone loss occurs in the temperate zone latitudes in all seasons, and especially drastically since the early 1980s in the south polar springtime—the ‘Antarctic ozone hole’. The chemical reactions causing this ozone depletion are primarily based on atomic Cl and ClO, the product of its reaction with ozone. The further manufacture of chlorofluorocarbons has been banned by the 1992 revisions of the 1987 Montreal Protocol of the United Nations. Atmospheric measurements have confirmed that the Protocol has been very successful in reducing further emissions of these molecules. Recovery of the stratosphere to the ozone conditions of the 1950s will occur slowly over the rest of the twenty-first century because of the long lifetime of the precursor molecules.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Park, Seong Jun, Anisha Shakya, and John T. King. "Depletion layer dynamics of polyelectrolyte solutions under Poiseuille flow." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 33 (July 31, 2019): 16256–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1900623116.

Full text

Abstract:

Complex liquids flow through channels faster than expected, an effect attributed to the formation of low-viscosity depletion layers at the boundaries. Characterization of depletion layer length scale, concentration, and dynamics has remained elusive due in large part to the lack of suitable real-space experimental techniques. The short length scales associated with depletion layers have traditionally prohibited direct imaging. By overcoming this limitation via adaptations of stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy, we directly measure the concentration profile of polymer solutions at a nonadsorbing wall under Poiseuille flow. Using this approach, we 1) confirm the theoretically predicted concentration profile governed by entropically driven depletion, 2) observe depletion layer narrowing at low to intermediate shear rates, and 3) report depletion layer composition that approaches pure solvent at unexpectedly low shear rates.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Sang, Lixia, Yudong Zhang, Jun Wang, Yangbo Zhao, and Yi-tung Chen. "Correlation of the depletion layer with the Helmholtz layer in the anatase TiO2–H2O interface via molecular dynamics simulations." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 18, no. 22 (2016): 15427–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cp01990k.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

IBUSUKI, Takashi. "Depletion of Stratospheric Ozone Layer by Chlorofluorocarbons." Journal of Japan Oil Chemists' Society 41, no. 9 (1992): 867–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5650/jos1956.41.867.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Fujioka, J., M. Nakamura, M. Kawasaki, and Y. Tokura. "Photocarrier collection from depletion layer of LaMnO3." Journal of Applied Physics 111, no. 1 (January 2012): 016107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3677790.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Singh, Vipul, Anil K. Thakur, Shyam S. Pandey, Wataru Takashima, and Keiichi Kaneto. "Characterization of Depletion Layer using Photoluminescence Technique." Applied Physics Express 1 (January 25, 2008): 021801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/apex.1.021801.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Mickle, R. E., J. W. Bottenheim, W. R. Leaitch, and W. Evans. "Boundary layer ozone depletion during AGASP-II." Atmospheric Environment (1967) 23, no. 11 (January 1989): 2443–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0004-6981(89)90255-2.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Masters, A., T. D. Phan, S. V. Badman, H. Hasegawa, M. Fujimoto, C. T. Russell, A. J. Coates, and M. K. Dougherty. "The plasma depletion layer in Saturn's magnetosheath." Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics 119, no. 1 (January 2014): 121–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2013ja019516.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Horiuchi, Naohiro, Takuya Hoshina, Hiroaki Takeda, Osamu Sakurai, and Takaaki Tsurumi. "Effect of Metal-Dielectric Interfaces on Tunability in Barium Strontium Titanate Thin-Film Capacitor." Key Engineering Materials 445 (July 2010): 140–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.445.140.

Full text

Abstract:

We investigated an influence of interface layer on a tunability of parallel plate (Ba, Sr)TiO3 thin film capacitors. BST thin film capacitors with top electrode of Pt, Au and Ag were fabricated. BST films had thickness of 40, 60, 80 and 120nm. The tunability increased with increasing the BST film thickness. Considering the interfaces between BST films and electrodes as Schottky junctions, depletion layers were formed in the interfaces depending on the difference of the work function of metal electrodes. Larger external bias voltages were applied to the depletion layer than interior BST film, because the permittivity in the depletion layer was smaller than that in interior BST film. Therefore, the depletion layer lowered the tunability. Tunability decreased with increasing the thickness of the depletion layers.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Lu, Jinpeng, Fei Xie, Hongying Tian, and Jiali Luo. "Impacts of Ozone Changes in the Tropopause Layer on Stratospheric Water Vapor." Atmosphere 12, no. 3 (February 24, 2021): 291. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12030291.

Full text

Abstract:

Stratospheric water vapor (SWV) changes play an important role in regulating global climate change, and its variations are controlled by tropopause temperature. This study estimates the impacts of tropopause layer ozone changes on tropopause temperature by radiative process and further influences on lower stratospheric water vapor (LSWV) using the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM4). It is found that a 10% depletion in global (mid-low and polar latitudes) tropopause layer ozone causes a significant cooling of the tropical cold-point tropopause with a maximum cooling of 0.3 K, and a corresponding reduction in LSWV with a maximum value of 0.06 ppmv. The depletion of tropopause layer ozone at mid-low latitudes results in cooling of the tropical cold-point tropopause by radiative processes and a corresponding LSWV reduction. However, the effect of polar tropopause layer ozone depletion on tropical cold-point tropopause temperature and LSWV is opposite to and weaker than the effect of tropopause layer ozone depletion at mid-low latitudes. Finally, the joint effect of tropopause layer ozone depletion (at mid-low and polar latitudes) causes a negative cold-point tropopause temperature and a decreased tropical LSWV. Conversely, the impact of a 10% increase in global tropopause layer ozone on LSWV is exactly the opposite of the impact of ozone depletion. After 2000, tropopause layer ozone decreased at mid-low latitudes and increased at high latitudes. These tropopause layer ozone changes at different latitudes cause joint cooling in the tropical cold-point tropopause and a reduction in LSWV. Clarifying the impacts of tropopause layer ozone changes on LSWV clearly is important for understanding and predicting SWV changes in the context of future global ozone recovery.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Lehrer, E., G. Hönninger, and U. Platt. "The mechanism of halogen liberation in the polar troposphere." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 4, no. 3 (June 28, 2004): 3607–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-4-3607-2004.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. Sudden depletions of tropospheric ozone during spring were reported from the Arctic and also from Antarctic coastal sites. Field studies showed that those depletion events are caused by reactive halogen species, especially bromine compounds. However the source and seasonal variation of reactive halogen species is still not completely understood. There are several indications that the halogen mobilisation from the sea ice surface of the polar oceans may be the most important source for the necessary halogens. Here we present a 1-D model study aimed at determining the primary source of reactive halogens. The model includes gas phase and heterogeneous bromine and chlorine chemistry as well as vertical transport between the surface and the top of the boundary layer. The autocatalytic Br release by photochemical processes (bromine explosion) and subsequent rapid bromine catalysed ozone depletion is well reproduced in the model and the major source of reactive bromine appears to be the sea ice surface. The sea salt aerosol alone is not sufficient to yield the high levels of reactive bromine in the gas phase necessary for fast ozone depletion. However, the aerosol efficiently 'recycles' less reactive bromine species (e.g. HBr) and feeds them back into the ozone destruction cycle. Isolation of the boundary layer air from the free troposphere by a strong temperature inversion was found to be critical for boundary layer ozone depletion to happen. The combination of strong surface inversions and presence of sunlight occurs only during polar spring.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Lehrer, E., G. Hönninger, and U. Platt. "A one dimensional model study of the mechanism of halogen liberation and vertical transport in the polar troposphere." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 4, no. 11/12 (December 6, 2004): 2427–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-4-2427-2004.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. Sudden depletions of tropospheric ozone during spring were reported from the Arctic and also from Antarctic coastal sites. Field studies showed that those depletion events are caused by reactive halogen species, especially bromine compounds. However the source and seasonal variation of reactive halogen species is still not completely understood. There are several indications that the halogen mobilisation from the sea ice surface of the polar oceans may be the most important source for the necessary halogens. Here we present a one dimensional model study aimed at determining the primary source of reactive halogens. The model includes gas phase and heterogeneous bromine and chlorine chemistry as well as vertical transport between the surface and the top of the boundary layer. The autocatalytic Br release by photochemical processes (bromine explosion) and subsequent rapid bromine catalysed ozone depletion is well reproduced in the model and the major source of reactive bromine appears to be the sea ice surface. The sea salt aerosol alone is not sufficient to yield the high levels of reactive bromine in the gas phase necessary for fast ozone depletion. However, the aerosol efficiently "recycles" less reactive bromine species (e.g. HBr) and feeds them back into the ozone destruction cycle. Isolation of the boundary layer air from the free troposphere by a strong temperature inversion was found to be critical for boundary layer ozone depletion to happen. The combination of strong surface inversions and presence of sunlight occurs only during polar spring.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Gunasekera, Chamani M., Xihan Ji, Marios Chatzikos, Renbin Yan, and Gary Ferland. "Self-consistent grain depletions and abundances I: the Orion Nebula as a test case." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 512, no. 2 (January 8, 2022): 2310–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac022.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACT Atomic species in the interstellar medium transition out of their gas phase mainly by depletion on to dust. In this study, we examine if there is any change to the spectral-line ratio predictions from a photoionization model of the Orion H ii region when the degree of dust depletions is altered according to the most recently published model. We use equations and parameters published by previous works, in order to streamline the calculation of depleted abundances within cloudy. Our aim is for cloudy users to be able to vary the level of depletion using a single parameter in the input file. This makes it possible to explore predictions for a large range of depletions more efficiently. Finally, we discuss the results obtained for a model of the Orion Nebula when the degree of depletions are manipulated in this way. We found that the intensity of line ratios are significantly affected by depletions on to dust grains. Further, we found that adjusting dust abundances along with depletion affects the structure and the overall temperature of the H+ layer across the H ii region.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Fuselier, Stephen A. "Energetic magnetospheric protons in the plasma depletion layer." Journal of Geophysical Research 97, A9 (1992): 13759. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/92ja01147.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Anderson, Alun. "Depletion of ozone layer drives competitors to cooperate." Nature 331, no. 6153 (January 21, 1988): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/331201a0.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Strong, C., J. D. Fuentes, R. E. Davis, and J. W. Bottenheim. "Thermodynamic attributes of Arctic boundary layer ozone depletion." Atmospheric Environment 36, no. 15-16 (May 2002): 2641–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1352-2310(02)00114-0.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Zrenner, A., M. Zachau, and F. Koch. "Channel carrier heating and MOS depletion layer capacitance." Physica B+C 134, no. 1-3 (November 1985): 102–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-4363(85)90327-4.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Wang, Y. L., J. Raeder, and C. T. Russell. "Plasma depletion layer: Magnetosheath flow structure and forces." Annales Geophysicae 22, no. 3 (March 19, 2004): 1001–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-22-1001-2004.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. The plasma depletion layer (PDL) is a layer on the sunward side of the magnetopause with lower plasma density and higher magnetic field compared to the corresponding upstream magnetosheath values. In a previous study, we have validated the UCLA global (MHD) model in studying the formation of the PDL by comparing model results, using spacecraft solar wind observations as the driver, with in situ PDL observations. In this study, we extend our previous work and examine the detailed MHD forces responsible for the PDL formation. We argue that MHD models, instead of gasdynamic models, should be used to study the PDL, because gasdynamic models cannot produce the PDL on the sunward side of the magnetopause. For northward (IMF), flux tube depletion occurs in almost all the subsolar magnetosheath. However, the streamlines closest to the magnetopause and the stagnation line show the greatest depletion. The relative strength of the various MHD forces changes along these streamlines. Forces along a flux tube at different stages of its depletion in the magnetosheath are analyzed. We find that a strong plasma pressure gradient force along the magnetic field at the bow shock and a pressure gradient force along the flux tube within the magnetosheath usually exist pushing plasma away from the equatorial plane to deplete the flux tube. More complex force structures along the flux tube are found close to the magnetopause. This new, more detailed description of flux tube depletion is compared with the results of Zwan and Wolf (1976) and differences are found. Near the magnetopause, the pressure gradient force along the flux tube either drives plasma away from the equatorial plane or pushes plasma toward the equatorial plane. As a result, a slow mode structure is seen along the flux tube which might be responsible for the observed two-layered slow mode structures. Key words. Magnetospheric physics (magnetosheath; solar wind-magnetosphere interactions). Space plasma physics (numerical simulations studies)

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Sun, L. X., Y. J. Jian, L. Chang, H. Y. Zhang, and Q. S. Liu. "Alternating Current Electro-Osmotic Flow of the Maxwell Fluids Through a Circular Micro-Pipe." Journal of Mechanics 29, no. 2 (December 20, 2012): 233–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jmech.2012.138.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractAnalytical solutions are presented for time periodic EOF flow of linear viscoelastic fluids through a cylindrical micro-pipe. The linear viscoelastic fluids used here are described by the general Maxwell model. The solution involves analytically solving the linearized Poisson-Boltzmann equation, together with the Cauchy momentum equation and the general Maxwell constitutive equation considering the depletion effect produced by the interaction between macro-molecules of the Maxwell fluid and the channel surface. The overall flow is divided into depletion layer and bulk flow outside of depletion layer. The velocity expressions of these two layers were obtained, respectively. By numerical computations, the influences of the periodic EOF electric oscillating Reynolds number Re, Deborah number De, depletion layer thickness δ and the viscosity ratio γ of Maxwell to Newtonian fluids on velocity profile are presented. For a prescribed De, the increasing Re will cause large changes of the EOF velocity with decreasing velocity magnitude. For a given Re, large De gives large EOF velocity magnitude. Increasing γ will lead to larger velocity amplitude for a given lower Re. However, at higher Re, the velocity amplitude decreases with the viscosity ratio γ, especially within the depletion layer. In addition, large depletion layer thickness gives small EOF velocity magnitude for fixed Re and De. Finally, the influence of De on energy dissipation is studied. These results provide a detail insight of the flow characteristic of this flow configuration.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Baird, D. J., T. E. Gates, and Ronald W. Davies. "Oxygen Conditions in Two Prairie Pothole Lakes During Winter Ice Cover." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 44, no. 5 (May 1, 1987): 1092–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f87-131.

Full text

Abstract:

Winter oxygen depletions rates (WODR) from two small southern Alberta prairie lakes were much higher than reported in 1979 for similar lakes in Manitoba. Depletion of oxygen was nonlinear, and the most appropriate regression model used a log transformation indicating that depletion was exponential. A correlation between WODR and sediment organic content was found both within and between the two lakes studied. Spatial variation in WODR indicated that whole-lake WODR based on single-point vertical profiles may be highly inaccurate. Oxygen concentrations in the water column stabilized at low (0.5–2.0 mg∙L−1) levels although an anoxic water layer may occur over the sediment.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Krogsgaard Jensen, J., A. Malmgren-Hansen, and P. Mortensen. "Oxygen Depletion Modelling, Port Shelter, Hong Kong." Water Science and Technology 18, no. 7-8 (July 1, 1986): 277–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1986.0299.

Full text

Abstract:

In order to describe and evaluate the effect on the oxygen concentrations of a planned sewage outlet in the Port Shelter Bay in Hong Kong, a relatively simple BOD-DO-box model has been established. The model describes the oxygen concentration in 6 horizontal boxes in the central part of Port Shelter. Each box is vertically divided into 4 layers (sub-boxes). The oxygen concentration in each layer is described as a function of the vertical and the horizontal mixing, the oxygen demand of the sediment and the concentration of organic matter in the water. A finite difference transport dispersion model provided input data for the BOD-DO model. Two main calculations have been made: one simulating the cold season (15°C) and one simulating the warm season (30°C). Furthermore sensitivity analyses have been carried out. The calculations show an oxygen depletion of approximately 1 and 2 mg O2/l at 15° and 30°C respectively in the bottom layer over an area of approximately two sq. km. The highest oxygen depletion is calculated in the bottom layer. From the calculation it can further be concluded that the decay rate of organic matter in the water and the vertical mixing will influence the oxygen depletion considerably. In periods where either the decay rate is higher than 3 d−1, or the vertical mixing is considerably low an oxygen depletion higher than the calculated can be expected. The lowest measured oxygen concentration in Port Shelter during the period July-August 1982 was 1.7 mg O2/l. Therefore it can be expected that the planned outlet will cause oxygen-free or nearly oxygen-free conditions in the bottom layer in warm periods with low vertical mixing.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Liu, Jian Qiao, Zhao Xia Zhai, Guo Hua Jin, Xue Song Liu, and Lin Quan. "Evaluation of Depletion Layer Width in Antimony-Doped Tin Oxide Thin Films for Gas Sensors." Key Engineering Materials 644 (May 2015): 125–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.644.125.

Full text

Abstract:

The sensing properties of semiconductive gas sensors originate from the resistance variation of depletion layer in each grain of the element. One of the most fundamental factors in this type of sensors is the width of depletion region. In this work, the antimony-doped tin oxide thin films for gas sensors are prepared via sol-gel routes on alumina substrates. The influence of antimony addition amount on electrical resistance of thin films is concluded. The relationship is plotted in the coordinates of logarithmic resistance against doping amount. On the basis of Schottky barrier model, a novel method is proposed to evaluate the width of depletion layer of semiconductive gas sensors by using the first order derivative of logarithmic resistance with respect to doping amount. Thus, the depletion layer width of the prepared antimony-doped thin film is calculated and its influencing factor is also discussed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Wang, Haiping, Haifan You, Jiangui Yang, Minqiang Yang, Lu Wang, Hong Zhao, Zili Xie, and Dunjun Chen. "Simulation Study on the Structure Design of p-GaN/AlGaN/GaN HEMT-Based Ultraviolet Phototransistors." Micromachines 13, no. 12 (December 13, 2022): 2210. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13122210.

Full text

Abstract:

This work investigates the impacts of structural parameters on the performances of p-GaN/AlGaN/GaN HEMT-based ultraviolet (UV) phototransistors (PTs) using Silvaco Atlas. The simulation results show that a larger Al content or greater thickness for the AlGaN barrier layer can induce a higher two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) density and produce a larger photocurrent. However, they may also lead to a larger dark current due to the incomplete depletion of the GaN channel layer. The depletion conditions with various Al contents and thicknesses of the AlGaN layer are investigated in detail, and a borderline between full depletion and incomplete depletion was drawn. An optimized structure with an Al content of 0.23 and a thickness of 14 nm is achieved for UV-PT, which exhibits a high photocurrent density of 92.11 mA/mm, a low dark current density of 7.68 × 10−10 mA/mm, and a large photo-to-dark-current ratio of over 1011 at a drain voltage of 5 V. In addition, the effects of other structural parameters, such as the thickness and hole concentration of the p-GaN layer as well as the thickness of the GaN channel layer, on the performances of the UV-PTs are also studied in this work.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Rowe, R. K., F. B. Abdelaal, and R. W. I. Brachman. "Antioxidant depletion of HDPE geomembrane with sand protection layer." Geosynthetics International 20, no. 2 (April 2013): 73–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/gein.13.00003.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Hunt, Bruce. "Stream Depletion in a Two-Layer Leaky Aquifer System." Journal of Hydrologic Engineering 14, no. 9 (September 2009): 895–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)he.1943-5584.0000063.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Pekel, Feyzi Osman, and Esra Özay. "Turkish High School Students' Perceptions of Ozone Layer Depletion." Applied Environmental Education & Communication 4, no. 2 (April 2005): 115–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15330150590934598.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Yin, C. S. "The p-i-n junction-surface depletion-layer photodiode." IEEE Electron Device Letters 12, no. 8 (August 1991): 442–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/55.119159.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Sibeck, D. G., R. P. Lepping, and A. J. Lazarus. "Magnetic field line draping in the plasma depletion layer." Journal of Geophysical Research 95, A3 (1990): 2433. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/ja095ia03p02433.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Farrugia, C. J., N. V. Erkaev, H. K. Biernat, L. F. Burlaga, R. P. Lepping, and V. A. Osherovich. "Possible plasma depletion layer ahead of an interplanetary ejecta." Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics 102, A4 (April 1, 1997): 7087–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/96ja03822.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Mukherjee, Siddhartha, Sankha Shuvra Das, Jayabrata Dhar, Suman Chakraborty, and Sunando DasGupta. "Electroosmosis of Viscoelastic Fluids: Role of Wall Depletion Layer." Langmuir 33, no. 43 (October 10, 2017): 12046–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b02895.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Moxley, J. M., and J. N. Cape. "Depletion of carbon monoxide from the nocturnal boundary layer." Atmospheric Environment 31, no. 8 (April 1997): 1147–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1352-2310(96)00309-3.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Dhariwal, S. R., and B. M. Deoraj. "Contribution of bulk states to the depletion layer admittance." Solid-State Electronics 36, no. 8 (August 1993): 1165–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0038-1101(93)90198-y.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Zybura, M. F., S. H. Jones, B. W. Lim, J. D. Crowley, and J. E. Carlstrom. "125–145 GHz stable depletion layer transferred electron oscillators." Solid-State Electronics 39, no. 4 (April 1996): 547–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0038-1101(95)00186-7.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Denton, Richard E., Mary K. Hudson, Stephen A. Fuselier, and Brian J. Anderson. "Electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves in the plasma depletion layer." Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics 98, A8 (August 1, 1993): 13477–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/93ja00796.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Hammond, C. M., J. L. Phillips, S. J. Bame, E. J. Smith, and C. G. Maclennan. "Ulysses observations of the planetary depletion layer at Jupiter." Planetary and Space Science 41, no. 11-12 (November 1993): 857–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(93)90093-h.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Christidou, Vasilia, and Vasilis Koulaidis. "Children's models of the ozone layer and ozone depletion." Research in Science Education 26, no. 4 (December 1996): 421–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02357453.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Dameris, Martin. "Depletion of the Ozone Layer in the 21st Century." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 49, no. 3 (December 8, 2009): 489–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.200906334.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Aldosari, Marouf, Liliana Grigoriu, Hamed Sohrabpoor, and Nima E. Gorji. "Modeling of depletion width variation over time in thin film photovoltaics." Modern Physics Letters B 30, no. 05 (February 20, 2016): 1650044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984916500445.

Full text

Abstract:

The performance degradation of a hybrid solar cell is modelled considering the variation of depletion width over time. The p-i-n structure of a TiO2/perovskite/HTL photovoltaic is investigated. Several different time-dependent approaches are compared and a new model is introduced based on the variation of defect density over time in depletion region. This phenomenon consequently manifests itself in the device degradation. Our approach leads to rather complicated time-dependent equation for the defect density which takes into account also the non-uniformity of electric field in the depletion region. The thickness of TiO2 nano layer is taken 50 nm and perovskite layer is 330 nm. The nanoscale thickness of TiO2 layer warrants the carrier transport through tunneling mechanism.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Wu, Yutian, Lorenzo M. Polvani, and Richard Seager. "The Importance of the Montreal Protocol in Protecting Earth’s Hydroclimate." Journal of Climate 26, no. 12 (June 15, 2013): 4049–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-12-00675.1.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract The 1987 Montreal Protocol regulating emissions of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and other ozone-depleting substances (ODSs) was motivated primarily by the harm to human health and ecosystems arising from increased exposure to ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation associated with depletion of the ozone layer. It is now known that the Montreal Protocol has helped reduce radiative forcing of the climate system since CFCs are greenhouse gases (GHGs), and that ozone depletion (which is now on the verge of reversing) has been the dominant driver of atmospheric circulation changes in the Southern Hemisphere in the last half century. This paper demonstrates that the Montreal Protocol also significantly protects Earth’s hydroclimate. Using the Community Atmospheric Model, version 3 (CAM3), coupled to a simple mixed layer ocean, it is shown that in the “world avoided” (i.e., with CFC emissions not regulated), the subtropical dry zones would be substantially drier, and the middle- and high-latitude regions considerably wetter in the coming decade (2020–29) than in a world without ozone depletion. Surprisingly, these changes are very similar, in both pattern and magnitude, to those caused by projected increases in GHG concentrations over the same period. It is further shown that, by dynamical and thermodynamical mechanisms, both the stratospheric ozone depletion and increased CFCs contribute to these changes. The results herein imply that, as a consequence of the Montreal Protocol, changes in the hydrological cycle in the coming decade will be only half as strong as what they otherwise would be.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Zhao, Xiaoyi, Dan Weaver, Kristof Bognar, Gloria Manney, Luis Millán, Xin Yang, Edwin Eloranta, Matthias Schneider, and Kimberly Strong. "Cyclone-induced surface ozone and HDO depletion in the Arctic." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 17, no. 24 (December 19, 2017): 14955–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-14955-2017.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. Ground-based, satellite, and reanalysis datasets were used to identify two similar cyclone-induced surface ozone depletion events at Eureka, Canada (80.1° N, 86.4° W), in March 2007 and April 2011. These two events were coincident with observations of hydrogen deuterium oxide (HDO) depletion, indicating that condensation and sublimation occurred during the transport of the ozone-depleted air masses. Ice clouds (vapour and crystals) and aerosols were detected by lidar and radar when the ozone- and HDO-depleted air masses arrived over Eureka. For the 2007 event, an ice cloud layer was coincident with an aloft ozone depletion layer at 870 m altitude on 2–3 March, indicating this ice cloud layer contained bromine-enriched blowing-snow particles. Over the following 3 days, a shallow surface ozone depletion event (ODE) was observed at Eureka after the precipitation of bromine-enriched particles onto the local snowpack. A chemistry–climate model (UKCA) and a chemical transport model (pTOMCAT) were used to simulate the surface ozone depletion events. Incorporating the latest surface snow salinity data obtained for the Weddell Sea into the models resulted in improved agreement between the modelled and measured BrO concentrations above Eureka. MERRA-2 global reanalysis data and the FLEXPART particle dispersion model were used to study the link between the ozone and HDO depletion. In general, the modelled ozone and BrO showed good agreement with the ground-based observations; however, the modelled BrO and ozone in the near-surface layer are quite sensitive to the snow salinity. HDO depletion observed during these two blowing-snow ODEs was found to be weaker than pure Rayleigh fractionation. This work provides evidence of a blowing-snow sublimation process, which is a key step in producing bromine-enriched sea-salt aerosol.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Hu Hui-Yong, Shu Yu, Zhang He-Ming, Song Jian-Jun, Xuan Rong-Xi, Qing Shan-Shan, and Qu Jiang-Tao. "Collector junction depletion-layer width model of SiGeheterojunction bipolar transistor with intrinsic SiGe layer." Acta Physica Sinica 60, no. 1 (2011): 017303. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.60.017303.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!