Academic literature on the topic 'Deposit account contract'
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Journal articles on the topic "Deposit account contract"
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Ishtiaq, Sheikh Muhammad, Wasie Fasih Butt, Fahad Ahmed Qureshi, and Mubeen Butt. "Contemporary Issues in Current Account Operations in Pakistani IBs - Sharia Compliant Solution." Global Review of Islamic Economics and Business 6, no. 1 (December 25, 2018): 025. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/grieb.2018.061-02.
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Contemporary Sharia scholars have three stances about the Current Account Operations in Pakistani Islamic Banks (IBs) i.e., (i) Ijarah based contract (ii) Wadi’ah based contract, and (iii) Qard based contract. This paper is an attempt to delve into the root causes of the differences of scholars and to find the Sharia-compliant solution acceptable for all. Descriptive as well as applied approaches are used in this paper. Clearing of ambiguity on this issue may result in twofold benefits: from the public point of view, it would satisfy practising Muslims which may result in form of huge deposits in this account (ii) from IBs viewpoint the Current Account is a bonus deposit.
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Bidabad, Bijan. "Rastin Swap Deposit (RSD): A Financial Account of Rastin Banking." International Journal of Islamic Banking and Finance Research 3, no. 2 (May 25, 2019): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.46281/ijibfr.v3i2.270.
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This paper introduces Rastin Swap Deposit account as a new banking deposit account which is interest-free and is based on Swap Contract in Rastin Banking. In this depositing by opening the deposit, the depositor is entitled to use an interest-free loan to the amount and duration that his resources have been being deposited and then return the money back to the bank. Depositor and bank agree that a combination of money and duration be selected in such a way that the products of amount and duration in both operations of depositing and loaning be the same. From the time of depositing to the first maturity (the date that depositor requests loan), the depositor is lender and bank is borrower; and from the time of the first maturity to second maturity (the date that depositor returns the money back to the bank) depositor is borrower and bank is a lender. Rastin Swap Deposit (RSD) can be issued in both local and foreign currencies.
JEL: E43, E44, E52, E58, E62, E63
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Drechsler, Itamar, Alexi Savov, and Philipp Schnabl. "The Deposits Channel of Monetary Policy*." Quarterly Journal of Economics 132, no. 4 (May 29, 2017): 1819–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjx019.
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Abstract We present a new channel for the transmission of monetary policy, the deposits channel. We show that when the Fed funds rate rises, banks widen the spreads they charge on deposits, and deposits flow out of the banking system. We present a model where this is due to market power in deposit markets. Consistent with the market power mechanism, deposit spreads increase more and deposits flow out more in concentrated markets. This is true even when we control for lending opportunities by only comparing different branches of the same bank. Since deposits are the main source of liquid assets for households, the deposits channel can explain the observed strong relationship between the liquidity premium and the Fed funds rate. Since deposits are also a uniquely stable funding source for banks, the deposits channel impacts bank lending. When the Fed funds rate rises, banks that raise deposits in concentrated markets contract their lending by more than other banks. Our estimates imply that the deposits channel can account for the entire transmission of monetary policy through bank balance sheets.
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Nurul Fadhilah and Achmad Tohirin. "COMPARING THE RETURN ON MUDHARABAH DEPOSIT AND THE RETURN ON EQUITY: ASSESSING THE FAIRNESS IN INDONESIAN ISLAMIC BANKING INDUSTRY." Mutanaqishah : Journal of Islamic Banking 1, no. 1 (September 5, 2021): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.54045/mutanaqishah.v1i1.289.
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This paper compared the return on mudharabah deposit (ROMD) and the return on equity (ROE) in Indonesian Islamic banks to unveil the differences and factors that affect them. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the profit and loss sharing mechanism in Islamic banking through the return on mudharabah deposit and on equity. The quarterly financial report from 10 Islamic banks within the period of 2011 to 2016 are processed using independent t-test to compare means and panel regression method to disclose the variables affecting the behavior of ROMD and ROE. The results show that the ROMD and ROE are statistically different, with ROMD tend to be lesser than ROE. It also found that ROA, total equity/total asset, total total deposit/total asset, total financing/total asset, bank size and total of mudharabah deposit accounts are affect the variability of ROMD, and the same variables,exclude the mudharabah deposit account, affect the ROE. Following this result, Islamic banks in Indonesia need to evaluate the governance to treat the mudharabah contract as a mode of equity participation in nature, as like as the contract with the shareholders, in order to comply with Islamic economic framework through the presence of the fairness in banking business.
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Jalaludin, Jalaludin. "The Review of Opening Procedures of Sharia Based Saving in Sharia Financial Services Cooperation BMT Mitra Sadaya Branch of Purwakarta." Journal of Economicate Studies 1, no. 2 (August 1, 2018): 109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.32506/joes.v1i2.180.
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This article describes the variation of syariah savings in the institution of the temple al-Maal wa al-Tamwil (BMT) Mitra sadaya. The approach used in this study is a qualitative approach and the type of data used in this study is descriptive. The object of this research is the analysis of the opening procedure of sharia savings at the institution of bait al-Maal wa al-Tamwil (BMT) Mitra Sadaya Purwakarta branch. The subject of the research is the source of data asked for the information according to the research problem. This study aims to determine the form of procedures, implementation procedures, the benefits of procedures and factors in running procedures in the opening of syariah savings. The results of this study are: Variations of Islamic savings at the institution of the temple al-Maal wa al-Tamwil (BMT) Mitra sadaya there are three contracts used: (1) principle akad wadi'ah, (2) Mudharabah contract principle, (3) Qard. Then for the opening procedure of syariah savings as follows: (1) Prospective customers / members come to the office or hold an appointment with marketing bait al-Maal wa al-Tamwil (BMT); (2) The prospective customer / member meets with the Customer Service section bait al-Maal wa al-Tamwil (BMT) Mitra sadaya; (3) Prospective customers / members fill out the application form of syariah account opening or savings account; (4) Prospective client / member shall sign the approval for opening of syariah saving account; (5) Entered and checked by the teller section; (6) Print sharia savings book in accordance with customer / member application; (7) The signing of officials related to the institution of al-Maal wa al-Tamwil (BMT) Mitra sadaya; (8) Calculate and give the first deposit money to the teller; (9) Input of initial deposit and deposit of deposit; (10) Re-check the nominal deposit with the amount of balance and stamp teller; (11) Account opening is completed and customers / members are welcome to go home. Shariah-compliant profit sharing of bait al-Maal wa al-Tamwil (BMT) Partners sadaya partner, if the form of ordinary sharia savings (other than deposits) gifts or profits are given equivalent to 35% of office income. However, if included in the category of gift deposits granted equivalent to 9% -13% per year. As well as deposits that fall into the category of capital of the institution of bait al-Maal wa al-Tamwil (BMT). Sadaya Partners that last from 4-5 years, the profits are equal to 30% -110%.
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Moch. Novi Rifa’i, Putri Zakiatul Immamah &. "Penerapan Akad Wadi’ah Pada Produk Giro Di Bank Mega Syariah Kantor Cabang (KC) Malang." FALAH: Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah 2, no. 1 (February 2, 2017): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/jes.v2i1.4363.
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This article aims to know how the application of wadiah contract on the current account in the bank, and what are the current product and how to withdraw it. To conduct this research selected Bank Mega Syariah KC Malang as the object of research. Bank Mega Syariah is also a subsidiary of PT Mega Corpora which is under CT Corpora, one of the largest multinational companies in Indonesia that oversees nearly 30 companies. Based on research conducted, can be concluded that Bank Mega Syariah used wadiah contract on Giro products due to be taken by the customer at any time. Because if using mudharabah contract the customer can not take at any time, and must at maturity. Furthermore, by using wadiah contract, the bank can not register a demand deposit account in the program. In the wadiah contract is not known for profit or loss sharing, yet there is a bonus. There are two ways of take giro; first, by using check or transfer form (bilyet giro). If the Bank is designated in check or transfer form with the same bank account, the withdrawal may be directly at the bank’s counter. Second, if the intended bank in the check or transfer form is in different bank account, then the mechanism of clearing is done first.
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Ustymenko, A. V. "RESTRICTION OF THE PRINCIPLE OF CONTRACTUAL FREEDOM IN THE BRANCH OF BANKING SERVICES." Economics and Law, no. 3 (October 22, 2020): 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/econlaw.2020.03.091.
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Today, the consumer of banking services is actually a weak party, being in a wide range of financial (banking) relations. Due to the different status of the parties, one being able to dictate their conditions in the legal relationship and the other having no real influence on the counterparty. One of the legal guarantees is the extension of the scope of contractual freedom also to bank deposit relations, account opening and servicing, credit relations, etc. Accordingly, the limitation inherent in the very nature of contractual freedom is an integral part of it. In this connection, the role of contractual freedom in the private and public legal sphere, which is characterized by the existence of State coercion, is of particular interest. The banking sector of the economy proves the existence of contractual freedom in organic unity with its limitations. A practical problem is the effect on the contractual freedom of public authority or a body authorized to administer justice. This creates an imbalance of interest in favor of public law against private law. The purpose of the article is to study the impact, place and role of the principle of freedom of contract at the stages of conclusion, modification and termination of contracts in the branch of banking services. The article examines the relations of the bank and its clients within the framework of such contractual types (types) which are distinguished by publicity in the sense of article 633 of the Ukrainian Civil Code: bank account contract, bank deposit contract. The author’s vision of the principle of freedom of contract through the dialectic of unity of contract freedom and its limitations is presented and justified. This approach is the basis for the study of bank-client relations. The conditions for limiting the principle of freedom of contract beyond the elements of the traditional triad in the banking sphere at the stages of conclusion, performance, modification and termination are also described. The article affirms the existence of limitations to the principle of freedom of contract not only by law but also by the principles of law (general and special), by contract, by the customs of business and by the activities of the State in the form of administrative and judicial measures.
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Giné, Xavier, Dean Karlan, and Jonathan Zinman. "Put Your Money Where Your Butt Is: A Commitment Contract for Smoking Cessation." American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 2, no. 4 (October 1, 2010): 213–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/app.2.4.213.
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We designed and tested a voluntary commitment product to help smokers quit smoking. The product (CARES) offered smokers a savings account in which they deposit funds for six months, after which they take a urine test for nicotine and cotinine. If they pass, their money is returned; otherwise, their money is forfeited to charity. Of smokers offered CARES, 11 percent took up, and smokers randomly offered CARES were 3 percentage points more likely to pass the 6-month test than the control group. More importantly, this effect persisted in surprise tests at 12 months, indicating that CARES produced lasting smoking cessation. (JEL D12, I12, O15)
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Supriatiningsih, Eka. "The Principal of Risk and Profit Sharing in Islamic Banking." Ijtimā'iyya: Journal of Muslim Society Research 3, no. 2 (September 28, 2018): 253–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.24090/ijtimaiyya.v3i2.1850.
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The role of banking that is very strategic in achieving Indonesia's economic development goals recently, requires a careful study of banking concepts that have been operationalized, both conceptually and their applications, so as to create a strong banking system in the era of globalization in the future. The existence of Islamic banks in Indonesia has not been fully accepted, there are still some people who equate with conventional banks. Based on the background of the problem above, which is the identification of the problem in this paper, namely: 1) What is the application of the principle of sharing the results and risks in fundraising activities in Islamic banking? 2) What are the operational constraints faced in implementing profit sharing and risk principles in Islamic Banking?. Based on the discussion above, conclusions can be drawn, as follows: 1) The implementation of fundraising using the profit sharing principle in Islamic Banking is carried out using the principles of Wadiah and Mudharabah. The Wadiah principle uses the Wadiah Current Account using products such as: Singapore BSM Dollar Current Account, BSM Current Account, BSM Currency Current Account, BSM Ouro Current Account, Bank Muamalat Wadiah Deposit Account in Rupiah and Foreign Currency, personal and corporate, and Wadiah Savings Account using products like: Junior Community Savings which is a special savings for students, Simpatik Savings, BSM Dollar Savings. While the mudharabah principle uses the Tabungan Mudharabah contract using products such as: Mudharabah Savings Accounts are Hajj Savings, Investa Scholar Savings, Qurban Savings and Savings Cards and time deposits for mudharabah use products such as: Bank Syariah Mandiri Savings, BSM Foreign Currency Deposits and Mudharabah deposits. In calculating profit sharing only in Mudharabah principles, the wadiah principle is only a bonus given to the bank's willingness. The pattern of calculation for results is to use the principle of profit sharing, which means that the results are calculated from the total income of the fund management and the amount of profit sharing depends on the initial agreement, 2) There are a number of operational constraints faced by Sharia Banking in financing Financing Results such as limited human resources, Islamic Banking management, limited Office Networks, and still weak government regulations on Islamic Banking.
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송재일. "A Legal Study on the Special Account of Mutual Credit -Focusing on the change of legal characteristics from deposit to trust contract-." KOREAN JOURNAL OF COOPERATIVE STUDIES 28, no. 3 (December 2010): 23–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.35412/kjcs.2010.28.3.002.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Deposit account contract"
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Novák, Ondřej. "Srovnání smlouvy o běžném a vkladovém účtu." Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-329812.
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1 Název a shrnutí práce v anglickém jazyce Summary of the Thesis "A comparison of current account and deposit account contracts" The aim of my thesis is to provide a comparison of current account and deposit account contracts. The above specified aim should be reached by closer investigation of both contracts and analysis of their purpose, characteristic and applicable legislation. Since these contracts play an important role within today's society and became very common, this topic should be interesting and current. The thesis is composed of five chapters, each of them dealing with different aspects of these contracts and corresponding legislation. Chapter One is an introductory part and examines the development of Czech legal regulation of both contracts. This chapter is divided into three parts. Part One describes the development of legal regulation in the Commercial Code. Part Two characterizes the Act on Payment System and also includes the specification of basic terminology used in the thesis, as well as brief overview of the Directive of European Parliament and Council on Payment services on common market. Part Three deals with effective legislation applicable on the current account contract and deposit account contract. Chapter Two examines closely current account contract. This chapter consists of...
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Ribeiro, Ana Rita Sá Dias. "Questões a propósito da natureza jurídica do penhor da conta bancária." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/28540.
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A presente tese de mestrado, tem como tema “Questões a propósito da natureza jurídica do penhor da conta bancária”. O objetivo final deste trabalho será perceber qual a natureza jurídica do penhor da conta bancária, compreender se o mesmo se trata de um penhor, e se for este o caso, que tipo de penhor será, ou se por outro lado, estamos na presença de uma garantia de outro tipo.
Para este efeito, iremos estudar a temática da garantia das obrigações, bem como os diversos tipos de penhores, centrando as nossas atenções também, no penhor financeiro e no penhor irregular.
Além disso, iremos analisar o regime jurídico do penhor da conta bancária, verificando os elementos diferenciadores deste tipo de penhor.
No final chegaremos à conclusão que estamos perante um penhor de direitos, pois o que é empenhado é direito de crédito que o cliente detém sobre o banco, em virtude do depósito bancário que efetuou.The subject of this dissertation is “Questions regarding the legal nature of the pledge of the bank account”. The aim of this paper is to understand the legal nature of the pledge of the bank account. , namely, to realize if it is a pledge itself or if we are dealing with a different type of guarantee. If it is actually considered a pledge, then it is needed to find out, what kind of pledge it is. Thus, in order to determine the legal nature of a pledge over monies in an account, we decided to examine the context of the topic, by studying the institute of the guarantee obligations, as well as the different kinds of pledges, focusing our attention also in the financial pledge and on the irregular pledge. We concluded that the legal nature of the pledge of the bank account to its legal nature we will be dealing with a pledge of law, because the pledge´s object is the credit claim that the client owns over the Bank, originated by the loan contract celebrated with the Bank at the time that created the fixed-term-deposit.
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Perlman, Leon Joseph. "Legal and regulatory aspects of mobile financial services." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/13362.
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The thesis deals with the emergence of bank and non-bank entities that provide a range of unique
transaction-based payment services broadly called Mobile Financial Services (MFS) to unbanked,
underserved and underbanked persons via mobile phones.
Models of MFS from Mobile Network Operators (MNOs), banks, combinations of MNOs and banks, and
independent Mobile Financial Services Providers are covered. Provision by non-banks of ‘bank-type’
services via mobile phones has been termed ‘transformational banking’ versus the ‘additive banking’
services from banks. All involve the concept of ‘branchless banking’ whereby ‘cash-in/cash out’ services
are provided through ‘agents.’
Funds for MFS payments may available through a Stored Value Product (SVP), particularly through a
Stored Value Account SVP variant offered by MNOs where value is stored as a redeemable fiat- or mobile
‘airtime’-based Store of Value.
The competitive, legal, technical and regulatory nature of non-bank versus bank MFS models is discussed,
in particular the impact of banking, payments, money laundering, telecommunications, e-commerce and
consumer protection laws. Whether funding mechanisms for SVPs may amount to deposit-taking such that
entities could be engaged in the ‘business of banking’ is discussed. The continued use of ‘deposit’ as the
traditional trigger for the ‘business of banking’ is investigated, alongside whether transaction and paymentcentric
MFS rises to the ‘business of banking.’
An extensive evaluation of ‘money’ based on the Orthodox and Claim School economic theories is
undertaken in relation to SVPs used in MFS, their legal associations and import, and whether they may be
deemed ‘money’ in law.
Consumer protection for MFS and payments generally through current statute, contract, and payment law
and common law condictiones are found to be wanting. Possible regulatory arbitrage in relation to MFS in
South African law is discussed.
The legal and regulatory regimes in the European Union, Kenya and the United States of America are
compared with South Africa. The need for a coordinated payments-specific law that has consumer
protections, enables proportional risk-based licensing of new non-bank providers of MFS, and allows for a
regulator for retail payments is recommended. The use of trust companies and trust accounts is
recommended for protection of user funds.
| viPublic, Constitutional and International Law
LLD
Books on the topic "Deposit account contract"
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Vitri︠a︡nskiĭ, V. V. Dogovory bankovskogo vklada, bankovskogo scheta i bankovskie raschety. Moskva: Statut, 2006.
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Charles, Proctor. Part F Cross-Border Issues, 41 The Banker–Customer Contract in Private International Law. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780199685585.003.0041.
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This chapter revisits the banker–customer relationship. The contractual nature of the relationship considered in Chapter 15 assumed that the bank was established in England and that its customer was also resident in the same country. However, that analysis is by no means of universal. Multinational companies, for instance, may need to have bank accounts in a number of different countries; wealthy individuals may opt to maintain accounts with banks in more advanced jurisdictions to gain access to portfolio management or other services. Banks may promote their services to overseas customers and wish to take security over assets situate outside England. How do these affect the legal nature of the banker–customer relationship? The chapter discusses the governing law of the banker–customer relationship; the effect and consequences of the applicable law; the law governing capacity and authority; and the situs of deposit obligations.
Book chapters on the topic "Deposit account contract"
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Davies, Paul S. "28. Agreed remedies." In JC Smith's The Law of Contract. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198807810.003.0028.
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This chapter focusses on remedies agreed by the parties for breach of contract. Parties may wish to include a term in the contract which dictates what should happen in the event of breach of contract. If the term states that a certain amount of money should be paid upon breach, that term might be valid as a liquidated damages clause or unenforceable as a penalty. If the amount chosen is a genuine pre-estimate of loss, or is ‘commercially justified’, then it is likely to be valid. If the defaulting party had already paid money to the innocent party as a deposit, the innocent party may be able to forfeit that deposit. A term stipulating that specific performance or an injunction will be granted upon breach will not bind the court. However, the court may take into account such a term when deciding whether to exercise its equitable discretion.
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Davies, Paul S. "28. Agreed remedies." In JC Smith's The Law of Contract, 438–56. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198853503.003.0028.
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This chapter focusses on remedies agreed by the parties for breach of contract. Parties may wish to include a term in the contract which dictates what should happen in the event of breach of contract. If the term states that a certain amount of money should be paid upon breach, that term might be valid as a liquidated damages clause or unenforceable as a penalty. If the amount chosen is a genuine pre-estimate of loss, or is ‘commercially justified’, then it is likely to be valid. If the defaulting party had already paid money to the innocent party as a deposit, the innocent party may be able to forfeit that deposit. A term stipulating that specific performance or an injunction will be granted upon breach will not bind the court. However, the court may take into account such a term when deciding whether to exercise its equitable discretion.
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O’loughlin, John. "The Political Geography of Conflict : Civil Wars in the Hegemonic Shadow." In The Geography of War and Peace. Oxford University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195162080.003.0010.
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The attack by the United States on Iraq in March 2003 was atypical of contemporary conflicts. While the attempt to kill Saddam Hussein on March 19 marked the opening of hostilities and was broadcast worldwide instantaneously, a much more destructive conflict that had raged for five years in the Democratic Republic of the Congo continued to receive hardly any notice. The war to depose the Hussein regime resulted in fewer than 12,000 dead (122 U.S. and U.K. troops, 6,000–7,000 civilians, and about 5,000 Iraqi military casualties). The civil wars in the Congo (formerly Zaire) since 1998 have resulted in 3.1 to 4.7 million dead, with 250,000 killed in the fighting near Bunia (eastern Congo) in 2002–2003. Conflict directly caused 300,000 deaths worldwide in 2000, more than half of them in Africa. Conflict directly accounts for 0.5% of all global deaths; the indirect effects are significantly larger. These gruesome comparative statistics on casualties illustrate well the main themes of this chapter about post–Cold War conflicts. First, contemporary wars are disproportionately civil conflicts; only a handful of interstate wars have occurred in the last decade. Second, the United States has been disproportionately involved in both interstate and civil wars, either directly by attacking another country (Panama in 1989, Iraq in 1991, Yugoslavia in 1999, Afghanistan in 2001, Iraq in 2003) or indirectly by supporting governments that are under pressure from rebels (e.g., Haiti, Pakistan, Colombia, Israel, Turkey, the Philippines, Macedonia, Indonesia, and Saudi Arabia). Third, civil wars are lasting longer than ever before; the average length is now eight years. Fourth, civil wars are much more destructive of life and property than interstate wars, partly because international structures and rules are either unavailable or ignored. More mechanisms exist to resolve interstate disputes. Fifth, overwhelming U.S. military power and a growing disparity with its opponents have resulted increasingly in asymmetric use of force and “risk-transfer wars.” Tiny U.S. casualties stand in sharp contrast to large numbers of civilian and military deaths in the countries under attack. The gap is expected to grow as U.S. military expenditures soon equal those of all other countries combined and new high-tech weaponry is rushed into production.
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"of the spectral response, the integrated reflection-absorption intensity, of these samples are slightly greater than the intensity of the spectral response of the same samples measured via a 60 ° angle of incidence data (Figure 3). This behavior is expected due to the increase in reflection-absorption sensitivity with increasing angle o f incidence. Here, too, the average initial slope (and hence instrument sen-sitivity) is the same for both transverse and longitudinal orientations. The pronounced non-linearity in slope for the thickest films at 75° angle-of-incidence was unexpected. A n increasingly non-linear response may be observed for thicker absorbing films, and this effect will become more pronounced as the angle of incidence is also increased. The interpretation of the data implying that measurement of a thicker film, sampled at a steeper angle, generated the observed non-linearity in the data is not substantiated by th e calculated spectra for the pre-sent measurement conditions due to the small change from 60 to 75° in the angle of incidence. Furthermore, such a non-linear effect would be most pronounced for measurements on the smoothest substrat e (Figure 4, filled circles) where the ef-fective local orientation of the surface is most constant with respect to the illumi-nation beam. Instead of observing such non-linear behavior the measurements made on the smoothest surface are by far the most linear sample series for the 75° data . We attribute the pronounced non-linearity of the 75° data for the thickest draw-ing-agent films to the morphological characteristics of the material as deposited o n the aluminum test panel surface. As described above, the drawing-agent mate-rial is highly viscous and forms a visibly heterogeneous white film at l-|im thick-ness. Variations in the deposition process produce relatively thick local areas of drawing-agent film and result in accretion of solid residue along the polishing grooves and ridges of the aluminum substrate. Under these circumstances, illumi-natio n of the surface with the FTIR beam at an angle of 75° may result in shadow-ing by contaminant material on ridge structures for all except the smoothest (600 grit polish) surface. The 12-mm diameter focal area of the infrared beam is elon-gated by a factor o f four for this angle of incidence. In contrast, reflectance meas-urements at 60° result in only a factor of 2 elongation, and minimize the shadow-ing effect of thick films except for ridges on the roughest (80 grit polish) surfaces. This interpretation is substantiated by reflectance data for the second test set (lubricant material) as shown in Figure 5. FTIR reflectance measurements have been made at 75° angle-of-incidence for a test series similar to that of the draw-ing-agent set. An analysis of the C-H stretching frequencies shows a strikingly more linear dependence of instrument response with film thickness (with the ex-ception of a single point for one of the panels with a 220 grit surface finish). We believe that this is due to the more fluid characteristic of the lubricant material, which allows the deposited film to conform much more closely to the surface to-pography of the test coupons. This behavior may also account for the stronger de-pendence of the integrated intensity slope with surface roughness, when compared to the nearly constant results for the drawing-agent contaminant examined above." In Surface Contamination and Cleaning, 21–30. CRC Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9789047403289-6.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Deposit account contract"
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Nemati Mehr, Seyyed Mahdi, Salman Sohrabi, Pedram Falsafi, and Paniz Gorji. "A Simplified Model for the Flow Inside Cascade Impactor." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-63756.
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In this paper we developed a new mathematical model for the flow inside cascade impactors and via this simplified model, we determined the particle size distribution by a fast and low cost computational method. Using cascade impactors for determining the particle size distribution, one can use comprehensive CFD methods to fully simulate the particle traces. Although the results from those CFD analyses can be very accurate, usually that is not a time and cost efficient routine. In contrast, we showed that by using our proposed calculation we can estimate the particle size distribution very fast and yet with the slight error — comparing to the results from CFD method. Cascade impactors are being used to measure the range of substances moving through an opening and determine the particle size of distributed substances. Air flow containing aerosol entering in each stage, after colliding vertically with a plate will deviate 90 degrees from its original direction. Larger (massive) particles cannot follow the flow because of their larger linear momentum. Hence, they will deviate from the flow and deposit on the plate instead. The mass difference before and after the experiment represents the deposited mass in each stage. By integrating multiple uniquely designed stages into one impactor, we can determine size of particles in the flow. Typical cascade impactors consist of up to ten stages in which different size of aerosols are being separated. This paper presents a simple model for the flow in one single stage of a cascade impactor. Flow inside cascade impactor is approximated by stagnation point potential flow with the stream function of Psi = Axy, and particles are tracked by velocity verlet algorithm. Absorbed particles are associated with unit value; otherwise they are associated with zero. It is assumed that particles in entrance have random size distribution and location. Drag, Saffman and Brownian forces are taken into account in this model for different particle sizes. The results are discussed in detail and compared with data driven from different approaches in the literature.
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Radulescu, Victorita. "Estimation of the Risk Zones Affected by Repeated Floods by Numerical Modeling." In ASME 2020 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the ASME 2020 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2020 18th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2020-20443.
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Abstract In Romania, in the last decades, was not realized any complex plan of management concerning the environmental rehabilitation of the natural riverbeds, even if there are even in present many places confronted with repeated floods. After the floods from 2004, 2005 and 2014 have been recorded in some places large deposits of sediments or contrary, in other zones with erosion and uncontrolled coastal slides. As an immediate effect, zones with risk for the local population and not only, have appeared. The present paper estimates the capacity of transport for a riverbed in natural conditions, based on the local measurements registered before and after a flood. The model is tested for a tributary of the Bistrita River, the Cracau River, near the Siret basin, an area well-known for such repeated floods sometimes even two or three recorded in the same year, as it was in 2005 and 2008. Three of these floods were confronted with human losses, many dead animals, and agricultural flooded areas. Near the analyzed watercourse there are many localities, with a high density of population. The realized numerical model for the flow with free surface was taking into account the possibility of the permanent changing of the lateral surfaces (riverbeds) during the floods. A continuous balance of the entered and transported sediments is realized, due to the erosion and sediment transportation. The time variation of the discharged liquid and the solid phases are directly connected with the sediment transport. In these conditions, the fine fractions of sediments from the bed’s structure are removed from its surface. In some places, the sediments become “armored” with the coarser part of the bed sediment. It is proposed a mathematical model to simulate the effect of both types of deposits into a fluid flow in open channels, with a movable bed. The entire alluvial stream, until the base rock, is considered with a small thickness so the non-uniformity of the grain size in the vertical distribution in riverbed could be neglected. The boundary conditions in the flood analysis consist of the upstream hydrograph and the stationary level of the downstream watercourse. Knowing the flow rate and the water levels by direct measurements, there is possible to establish the risk zones, far away from the river borders. The primary purpose of this study is to minimize the effects of such uncontrolled floods by determining the risk zones and to present a solution for increasing population safety which lives near the riverbed. Finally, some conclusions and references are mentioned.
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Li, Wenzhe, Liang Tang, Ye Zhuang, Lu Zhang, Yifan Cai, Yanhua Yao, Xingning Huang, Feng Gui, Wei Gao, and Ji Ma. "Integrated Workflow Solutions Deliver Breakthrough in Sichuan Shale Gas Drilling." In IADC/SPE Asia Pacific Drilling Technology Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/201043-ms.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The Sichuan shale gas deposits are in remote, mountainous regions and the gas-bearing rocks are deep and in tectonically complicated areas. The plan to make shale gas account for more than 40% of the Chinese total natural gas production by 2040 requires shorter well delivery periods and higher well productions. It is therefore crucial to improve the overall drilling efficiency with the limited rig capability and geological challenges. To improve capital efficiency, a multi-disciplinary approach integrating subsurface understanding with well engineering and drilling practices was implemented. Central to this drilling optimization effort are risk mitigation strategies, utilizing solutions based on robust geomechanical understanding and critical drilling experience reviews, engineered to improve wellbore placement, drilling fluid formulation, and bit and BHA designs. A novel wellbore-strengthening oil-based mud system was implemented to maintain shale stability. A rotary steerable drilling system and reservoir navigation technology were deployed together with the application of specific poly-crystalline diamond compact (PDC) bit design. A new-generation advanced cuttings analysis method was also applied with the lithology, organic matter and fracability of rock could be evaluated in real time to assist the reservoir navigation during the drilling. This integrated solution was deployed in the drilling of 8 ½" holes of Changning Shale gas field. A cross-functional team was formed so that the operator, the drilling contractor and the service company can collaborate closely with expertise across multiple functions and disciplines. Suitable mud weight was provided by the detailed geomechanical analysis to account for the high pore pressure and near bed-parallel drilling conditions. To place the laterals in the thin targeted sub-layer with high TOC, a rotary steerable system (RSS) with azimuthal GR provide not only precise steering and directional controls, but also enable increased reservoir coverage by expanding the lateral section as well as drilling the build and horizontal sections in a single run without BHA trips. The combination of RSS with specialized bits as an optimized bit and BHA system maximizes the steering performance while delivering superior borehole quality by reducing drill string vibration and the minimizing mechanical specific energy, all of which contribute to the overall improvement in the well delivery efficiency. This integrated drilling solution has achieved remarkable results by doubling the average rate of penetration (ROP) to 15.5m/h compared to an offset well on the same pad of 7.4m/h. The well was placed successfully in the targeted zone with a 100% reservoir contact. And the total drilling time was shortened by 40% compared to similar wells nearby. The integrated solution has brought breakthrough to improve the well delivery efficiency in the China shale gas development. This paper describes the integrated workflow solutions and detailed technical optimizations of the 8 ½" section drilling process.
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Weiss, H. J., V. T. Turitto, and H. R. Baumgartner. "FACTORS INFLUENCING FIBRIN DEPOSITION ON SUBENDOTHELIUM." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1642950.
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During the past several years, we have initiated studies to determine the role of plasma factors and platelets, and the properties of the blood vessel, which influence the activation of the coagulation mechanism on the subendothelium. Studies were performed by exposing everted segments of de-endothelialized rabbit aorta, mounted in a perfusion chamber, to non-anticoagulated human blood for 5 to 10 minutes under a range of flow conditions, and measuring fibrin and platelet deposition on the subendothelium, and fibrinopepstide A (FPA) levels in post-chamber blood. In normal subjects, platelet deposition increased progressively with increasing shear rates (50-2600 sec-1 ), whereas fibrin deposition and FPA levels decreased sharply at shear rates greater than 650 sec-1 . To examine the role of plasma coagulation factors, we utilized a shear rate of 650 sec-1 to study patients with severe deficiencies of factors XII, XI, IX or VIII. In contrast to the partial thromboplastin time (PTT), which was most strikingly abnormal in patients with factor XII or XI deficiency, fibrin deposition and FPA levels were greater in patients deficient in factor XII or XI than in those with factor VIII or IX deficiency. In addition, we observed smaller platelet thrombi in hemophilia (but not afibrinogenemia), suggesting that thrombin influenced the formation of platelet thrombi under these shear conditions. The findings suggested that tissue factor-Vila activation of factor IX could be important in mediating fibrin deposition on subendothelium and might explain why patients with factor XII deficiency (and some with factor XI deficiency) do not bleed. Initial studies to demonstrate tissue factor activity in subendothelium were inconclusive. More recently, utilizing shorter (1.5, 2 and 3 min) perfusion periods, we have observed decreased fibrin deposition and FPA levels in patients with factor VII deficiency and we have obtained further support for the presence of tissue factor in subendothelium in experiments utilizing a monoclonal antibody to tissue factor. Our studies suggest that activation of factor IX by tissue factor-Vila could account for the results obtained in patients with plasma coagulation defects. Direct experimental verification of this hypothesis will require more extensive studies on the kinetics governing the activation of coagulatjon factors on the subendothelium. In subsequent studies, we examined the role of platelets in mediating fibrin deposition. At a shear rate of 650 sec-1 we found (utilizing patients with thrombocytopenia) that platelets were required for fibrin deposition ; little or no fibrin was deposited on the subendothelium when platelet adhesion was less than 4%, corresponding to blood platelet counts less than 5000/ul. Studies performed in patients with functional platelet disorders provided additional information on the specific platelet properties that contribute to fibrin deposition at this shear rate. Decreased fibrin deposition was observed in a patient with Scott Syndrome, a disorder characterized by an impaired capacity of the platelets to catalyze the conversion of factor X to factor Xa (in the presence of factor IXa and VIII) and prothrombin to thrombin (in the presence of factor Va), the latter defect owing to a decreased factor Xa-binding capacity of the platelets. In contrast to the findings in Scott Syndrome, both fibrin deposition and FPA values were completely normal (and possibly increased) in patients with glycoprotein Ilb/IIIa deficiency. In patients with glycoprotein lb deficiency, the major defect was an impaired association of fibrin with platelets, but not subendothelium. The findings in patients with functional platelet disorders indicate that a monolayer of platelets (including those deficient in glycoprotein Ilb/IIIa) is completely active in promoting fibrin deposition on subendothelium. In addition, they suggest that an agent capable of inducing a platelet defect similar to that observed in Scott Syndrome might prevent platelet-fibrin thrombi at shear rates (200-800 sec-1 ) comparable to those in the coronary circulation. Studies performed at a variety of shear rates in both normal subject^ and patients with platelet disorders suggested that, under the conditions used, platelets were essential for fibrin formation at intermediate (650 sec-1 ), but not low (50 sec-1 ) shear rates. Since platelets have been shown to bind activated coagulation proteins (such as factor Xa, Va, and IXa) to their surface, the presence of adherent platelets on the subendothelium could, with increasing shear rates, serve to maintain activated coagulation proteins in the .boundary layer at a concentration that would otherwise be reduced through convective diffusion in their absence. Thus, at low shear rates (50 sec-1 ), the concentration of activated coagulation factors in the boundary layer might be sufficient to support fibrin deposition despite the absence of platelets, whereas at very high shear rates (2,600 sec-1 and above), even the presence of platelets is insufficient to maintain the required concentration. The shear-dependent defect of fibrin formation that we observed in Scott Syndrome is consistent with such a theory. The results of our various studies demonstrate the complex role of blood flow, plasma coagulation factors, specific platelet properties, and the procoagulant properties (tissue factor) of the vessel in mediating subendothelium-induced coagulation and suggest further experiments for studying the mechanisms involved.