Journal articles: 'Deposition facility'

1

Guglya, A. G., Yu A. Marchenko, N. V. Perun, I. V. Sassa, I. V. Lopatin, and A. S. Tishchenko. "The APΓO-2 technological facility for ion-beam-assisted deposition." Instruments and Experimental Techniques 50, no. 3 (May 2007): 411–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0020441207030207.

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Koch, K. R., F. M. Clikeman, and R. H. Johnson. "Gamma-Ray Energy Deposition Measurements in the Fast Breeder Blanket Facility." Nuclear Science and Engineering 92, no. 4 (April 1986): 596–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/nse86-a18615.

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Jensen, Jared W., Sean W. Squire, Jeffrey P. Bons, and Thomas H. Fletcher. "Simulated Land-Based Turbine Deposits Generated in an Accelerated Deposition Facility." Journal of Turbomachinery 127, no. 3 (March 1, 2004): 462–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1860380.

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This report presents a validation of the design and operation of an accelerated testing facility for the study of foreign deposit layers typical to the operation of land-based gas turbines. This facility was designed to produce turbine deposits in a 4-h test that would simulate 10000h of turbine operation. This is accomplished by matching the net foreign particulate throughput of an actual gas turbine. Flow Mach number, temperature and particulate impingement angle are also matched. Validation tests were conducted to model the ingestion of foreign particulate typically found in the urban environment. The majority of this particulate is ceramic in nature and smaller than 10microns in size, but varies up to 80microns. Deposits were formed for flow Mach number and temperature of 0.34 and 1150°C, respectively, using MCrAlY coated coupons donated from industry. Investigations over a range of impingement angles yielded samples with deposit thicknesses from 10to50microns in 4h, accelerated-service simulations. Deposit thickness increased substantially with temperature and was roughly constant with impingement angle when the deposit thickness was measured in the direction of the impinging flow. Test validation was achieved using direct comparison with deposits from service hardware. Deposit characteristics affecting blade heat transfer via convection and conduction were assessed. Surface topography analysis indicated that the surface structure of the generated deposits were similar to those found on actual turbine blades. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and x-ray spectroscopy analyses indicated that the deposit microstructures and chemical compositions were comparable to turbine blade deposit samples obtained from industry.

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Brewer, M. A., I. G. Brown, M. R. Dickinson, J. E. Galvin, R. A. MacGill, and M. C. Salvadori. "Simple, safe, and economical microwave plasma‐assisted chemical vapor deposition facility." Review of Scientific Instruments 63, no. 6 (June 1992): 3389–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1142557.

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Rushdi, A., R. Gupta, A. Sharma, and D. Holcombe. "Mechanistic prediction of ash deposition in a pilot-scale test facility." Fuel 84, no. 10 (July 2005): 1246–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2004.08.027.

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Vickery, Anette, Carsten P. Jensen, Finn E. Christensen, Mads Peter Steenstrup, and Troels Schønfeldt. "Collimated Magnetron Sputter Deposition for Mirror Coatings." X-Ray Optics and Instrumentation 2008 (June 15, 2008): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/792540.

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At the Danish National Space Center (DNSC), a planar magnetron sputtering chamber has been established as a research and production coating facility for curved X-ray mirrors for hard X-ray optics for astronomical X-ray telescopes. In the following, we present experimental evidence that a collimation of the sputtered particles is an efficient way to suppress the interfacial roughness of the produced multilayer. We present two different types of collimation optimized for the production of low roughness curved mirrors and flat mirrors, respectively.

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Sweeney, M. A., E. L. Patterson, and G. E. Samlin. "Study of energy deposition in the electron‐beam‐pumped laser facility HAWK." Journal of Applied Physics 68, no. 6 (September 15, 1990): 2577–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.346482.

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8

Zimin, A. M., N. G. Elistratov, B. N. Kolbasov, O. S. Kozlov, Yu YA Kurochkin, D. A. Milyukovand, and N. N. Vasiliev. "MAGRAS - facility for modelling of plasma facing beryllium sputtering and re-deposition." Plasma Devices and Operations 8, no. 1 (November 1999): 15–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10519999908228143.

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Shaygan, Mandana, Brent Usher, and Thomas Baumgartl. "Modelling Hydrological Performance of a Bauxite Residue Profile for Deposition Management of a Storage Facility." Water 12, no. 7 (July 14, 2020): 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12071988.

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Accurate scheduling of bauxite residue (red mud) deposition time is required in order to prevent the risk of storage facility failure. This study was conducted to precisely determine the hydraulic parameters of bauxite residue and investigate the capability of HYDRUS to accurately estimate the residue moisture profile and the timing for its deposition. The hydraulic properties of the bauxite residue profile were determined by solving an inverse problem. A one-dimensional hydrological model (HYDRUS-1D) was validated using a 300 mm long column filled with bauxite residue and exposed to a dynamic lower boundary condition. After numerical validation, the model was used to simulate the moisture profile of bauxite residue under the climatic conditions of an alumina refinery site in Queensland, Australia, as well as other scenarios (i.e., high (300 mm) and small (1.7 mm) rainfall events of the site). This study showed that the HYDRUS model can be used as a predictive tool to precisely estimate the moisture profile of the bauxite residue and that the timing for the re-deposition of the bauxite residue can be estimated by understanding the moisture profile and desired shear strength of the residue. This study revealed that the examined bauxite residue approaches field capacity (water potential −10 kPa) after three days from a low rainfall event (<1.7 mm) and after eight days from an intense rainfall event (300 mm) at the time of disposal. This suggests that the bauxite residue can be deposited every four days after low rainfall events (as low as 1.7 mm) and every nine days after high rainfall events (as high as 300 mm) at the time of deposition, if bauxite residue experiences an initial drying period following deposition.

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NAKAGAWA, Yasuyuki, Noriko TAKASHIMA, Kazuo MURAKAMI, Yoshio GOTOH, and Ippei NAGAI. "DISCHARGED MUDDY SEDIMENTS AND THEIR DEPOSITION PROCESS AROUND PORT FACILITY AT RIVER MOUTH." Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. B2 (Coastal Engineering) 72, no. 2 (2016): I_523—I_528. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/kaigan.72.i_523.

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11

Anan'in, P. S., D. D. Bainov, L. G. Kositsyn, V. P. Krivobokov, V. N. Legostaev, and S. V. Yudakov. "The YASHMA-2 Plasma Facility for the Deposition of Coatings on Solid Surfaces." Instruments and Experimental Techniques 47, no. 4 (July 2004): 547–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:inet.0000038407.42275.f6.

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12

Reath, Mark, James Brannen, Paul Bakeman, and Richard Lebel. "Use of Residual Gas Analysis in Low-Pressure Semiconductor Process Reactors." Journal of the IEST 37, no. 2 (March 1, 1994): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.17764/jiet.2.37.2.0q1489887h1x0780.

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Residual gas analysis (RGA) was used for troubleshooting tetra (ethoxyorthosilicate) (TEOS) and tungsten silicide chemical vapor deposition processes. In each process, RGA identified reactor impurity sources later proven to be the root cause of film defects and foreign material deposition. RGA verified the effectiveness of modified reactor hardware and operating procedures. This paper describes two case studies that represent RGA contributions to the 0.5-μ process development at the IBM semiconductor manufacturing facility in Essex Junction, Vermont.

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Xia, Guoxing, Alexandre Bonatto, Roger Pizzato Nunes, Linbo Liang, Oscar Jakobsson, Yuan Zhao, Barney Williamson, Can Davut, and Xueying Wang. "Plasma Beam Dumps for the EuPRAXIA Facility." Instruments 4, no. 2 (April 5, 2020): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/instruments4020010.

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Beam dumps are indispensable components for particle accelerator facilities to absorb or dispose beam kinetic energy in a safe way. However, the design of beam dumps based on conventional technology, i.e., energy deposition via beam–dense matter interaction, makes the beam dump facility complicated and large in size, partly due to the high beam intensities and energies achieved. In addition, specific methods are needed to address the radioactive hazards that these high-power beams generate. On the other hand, the European Plasma Research Accelerator with eXcellence in Application (EuPRAXIA) project can advance the laser–plasma accelerator significantly by achieving a 1–5 GeV high-quality electron beam in a compact layout. Nevertheless, beam dumps based on the conventional technique will still produce radiation hazards and make the overall footprint less compact. Here, a plasma beam dump will be implemented to absorb the kinetic energy from the EuPRAXIA beam. In doing so, the overall compactness of the EuPRAXIA layout could be further improved, and the radioactivity generated by the facility can be mitigated. In this paper, results from particle-in-cell simulations are presented for plasma beam dumps based on EuPRAXIA beam parameters.

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Neethling, J. B., and M. Benisch. "Struvite control through process and facility design as well as operation strategy." Water Science and Technology 49, no. 2 (January 1, 2004): 191–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0122.

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Struvite deposition is a common problem in municipal wastewater treatment plants and can be signi?cant if not anticipated, but struvite deposits are completely manageable if properly addressed. This paper summarises experiences from a number of facilities that have dealt successfully with struvite problems, elaborates on the interrelations between secondary treatment and anaerobic digestion, and outlines an approach to control struvite and available alternatives.

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15

DeHart, Mark D., Benjamin A. Baker, and Javier Ortensi. "Interpretation of energy deposition data from historical operation of the transient test facility (TREAT)." Nuclear Engineering and Design 322 (October 2017): 504–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2017.07.019.

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16

Cain, B. L., and G. H. Miley. "Arcing from coated surfaces: Test facility development and coating deposition using ion plating techniques." Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films 3, no. 3 (May 1985): 1114–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/1.573129.

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17

Zhou, Hao, Jiakai Zhang, Weichen Ma, Kun Zhang, and Chenying Zhou. "Visual investigation of slagging characteristics in a pilot-scale facility: Influence of deposition surface." Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 27, no. 7 (July 2019): 1728–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cjche.2019.01.018.

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18

Bons, Jeffrey P., Jared Crosby, James E. Wammack, Brook I. Bentley, and Thomas H. Fletcher. "High-Pressure Turbine Deposition in Land-Based Gas Turbines From Various Synfuels." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 129, no. 1 (September 6, 2005): 135–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2181181.

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Ash deposits from four candidate power turbine synfuels were studied in an accelerated deposition test facility. The facility matches the gas temperature and velocity of modern first-stage high-pressure turbine vanes. A natural gas combustor was seeded with finely ground fuel ash particulate from four different fuels: straw, sawdust, coal, and petroleum coke. The entrained ash particles were accelerated to a combustor exit flow Mach number of 0.31 before impinging on a thermal barrier coating (TBC) target coupon at 1150°C. Postexposure analyses included surface topography, scanning electron microscopy, and x-ray spectroscopy. Due to significant differences in the chemical composition of the various fuel ash samples, deposit thickness and structure vary considerably for each fuel. Biomass products (e.g., sawdust and straw) are significantly less prone to deposition than coal and petcoke for the same particle loading conditions. In a test simulating one turbine operating year at a moderate particulate loading of 0.02 parts per million by weight, deposit thickness from coal and petcoke ash exceeded 1 and 2mm, respectively. These large deposits from coal and petcoke were found to detach readily from the turbine material with thermal cycling and handling. The smaller biomass deposit samples showed greater tenacity in adhering to the TBC surface. In all cases, corrosive elements (e.g., Na, K, V, Cl, S) were found to penetrate the TBC layer during the accelerated deposition test. Implications for the power generation goal of fuel flexibility are discussed.

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19

Zdunek, Krzysztof, Lukasz Skowroński, Rafal Chodun, Katarzyna Nowakowska-Langier, Andrzej Grabowski, Wojciech Wachowiak, Sebastian Okrasa, et al. "Novel GIMS technique for deposition of colored Ti/TiO₂ coatings on industrial scale." Materials Science-Poland 34, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 137–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/msp-2016-0024.

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AbstractThe aim of the present paper has been to verify the effectiveness and usefulness of a novel deposition process named GIMS (Gas Injection Magnetron Sputtering) used for the flrst time for deposition of Ti/TiO₂ coatings on large area glass Substrates covered in the condition of industrial scale production. The Ti/TiO₂ coatings were deposited in an industrial System utilizing a set of linear magnetrons with the length of 2400 mm each for covering the 2000 × 3000 mm glasses. Taking into account the speciflc course of the GIMS (multipoint gas injection along the magnetron length) and the scale of the industrial facility, the optical coating uniformity was the most important goal to check. The experiments on Ti/TiO₂ coatings deposited by the use of GIMS were conducted on Substrates in the form of glass plates located at the key points along the magnetrons and intentionally non-heated during any stage of the process. Measurements of the coatings properties showed that the thickness and optical uniformity of the 150 nm thick coatings deposited by GIMS in the industrial facility (the thickness differences on the large plates with 2000 mm width did not exceed 20 nm) is fully acceptable form the point of view of expected applications e.g. for architectural glazing.

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Ni, Hangjian, Qiushi Huang, Yingna Shi, Runze Qi, Zhe Zhang, Yufei Feng, Xudong Xu, et al. "Development of large-size multilayer mirrors with a linear deposition facility for x-ray applications." Optical Engineering 58, no. 10 (October 15, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.oe.58.10.104105.

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21

Wang, Langping, Lei Huang, Zhiwen Xie, Xiaofeng Wang, and Baoyin Tang. "Fourth-generation plasma immersion ion implantation and deposition facility for hybrid surface modification layer fabrication." Review of Scientific Instruments 79, no. 2 (2008): 023306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2870088.

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22

Zamora, R., J. J. Hernández Ortega, J. López, F. Faura, and J. Hernández. "Development of a Facility for Molten Metal Micro-droplets Generation. Application to Microfabrication by Deposition." Procedia Engineering 132 (2015): 110–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2015.12.486.

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23

Erickson, C. J., W. B. Jameson, J. Watts-Cain, K. L. Menningen, M. A. Childs, L. W. Anderson, and J. E. Lawler. "High-sensitivity absorption spectroscopy on a microwave plasma-assisted chemical vapour deposition diamond growth facility." Plasma Sources Science and Technology 5, no. 4 (November 1, 1996): 761–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0963-0252/5/4/019.

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24

Walker, John T., Wayne P. Robarge, and Robert Austin. "Modeling of ammonia dry deposition to a pocosin landscape downwind of a large poultry facility." Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 185 (March 2014): 161–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2013.10.029.

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Walker, John, Porche’ Spence, Sue Kimbrough, and Wayne Robarge. "Inferential model estimates of ammonia dry deposition in the vicinity of a swine production facility." Atmospheric Environment 42, no. 14 (May 2008): 3407–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.06.004.

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26

Pavuna, D., D. Ariosa, H. Berger, S. Christensen, B. Frazer, R. Gatt, M. Grioni, et al. "Electronic Properties of Layered Oxides: Pulsed Laser Deposition of YBCO Films for In-Situ Studies by Photoemission Spectroscopy." International Journal of Modern Physics B 12, no. 29n31 (December 20, 1998): 3183–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979298002301.

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Due to imperfect surfaces of most cuprate samples, almost all Photoemission studies in the past decade were performed on Bi2Sr2CaCu2O 8+x, even though a large fraction of other studies and electronic applications was reported for YBa2Cu3O 7-δ (YBCO) family of superconducting compounds. In order to systematically study the gap parameter and the Fermi surface variation in high symmetry directions of YBCO and related oxide films we have constructed a new facility at the Wisconsin Synchrotron Radiation Center. We use the pulsed laser ablation (PLD) system that is directly linked to the photoemission chamber. In our unique approach, the samples never leave the controlled ambient and we oxidize our films, either by molecular oxygen or by ozone. In this paper, we, summarize some of the most relevant recent results on electronic properties of layered oxides and describe our new facility for the study of YBCO and related oxide films.

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27

Basuki, Williana, Jennifer Rawlinson, Chad Lothamer, Richard Wheeler, and Ben Prytherch. "Evaluation of Gingivitis in Pregnant Beagle Dogs." Journal of Veterinary Dentistry 36, no. 3 (September 2019): 179–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0898756419892202.

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Periodontal disease (PD) in pregnant women has been correlated with negative impacts on pregnancy outcomes including low birth weight, preterm labor, and increased neonatal mortality. This study aimed to explore similar associations in dogs. Medical, dental, and reproductive records of healthy female beagles producing one or more litters within a research breeding facility were evaluated over a 1.5-year period. Dental scoring (1-6) was based on a facility-developed, subjective assessment of gingivitis and calculus deposition following parturition. Assessment of periodontitis was not performed. Statistical analyses were performed to find correlations between the dam’s dental score and pregnancy outcomes (length of gestation, litter size, stillborn, and failure to thrive puppies). Dam age, litter size, and perinatal mortalities were controlled in the statistical models. Data were collected from 808 dams, 1344 litters, and 7197 puppies; 75.3% of the 1344 dam scores were categorized as dental score 3 or less with a mean of 2.7. None of the evaluated pregnancy outcomes had any significant correlations with the severity of dental scores. The lack of a significant relationship between dental score and pregnancy outcomes may be the result of the low number of dogs with severe gingivitis and calculus deposition, the variability of dental score timing postparturition, and/or the subjective facility-generated dental scoring method that did not include universally accepted methods for gingivitis and periodontitis assessment. Studies involving more animals with severe PD utilizing objective, universally accepted methods for gingivitis and periodontitis assessment are warranted to say with confidence no association exists.

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Paosawatyanyong, Boonchoat, K. Honglertsakul, and D. K. Reinhard. "DLC-Film Schottky Barrier Diodes." Solid State Phenomena 107 (October 2005): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.107.75.

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A microwave plasma reactor (MPR) is constructed as a facility for the plasma assisted chemical vapor deposition (PACVD) process. The reactor is a mode-adjustable resonance cavity of cylindrical shape. A 2.45 GHz microwave generator is used to ignite the plasma inside the lengthadjustable cavity. The diamond-like carbon (DLC) thin film depositions onto the silicon substrates are carried out using H2–CH4 discharge. The Schottky barrier diodes (SBD) are then formed on to the DLC films. The responses of DLC-SBD to DC and time varying signals have been studied as a function of frequency. The frequency dependent response results are compared to the computer models, which includes as input parameters the bulk series resistance, the capacitance associated with the bulk material between the space-charge layer and the ohmic contact, the space-charge layer capacitance, and the diode dynamic resistance.

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Shaharuddin, S., J. Stuchbery, E. C. Simpson, Z. K. Gan, A. C. Green, A. Cho, and E. Lu. "External beam for the Heavy Ion Accelerator Facility." EPJ Web of Conferences 232 (2020): 01005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202023201005.

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Radiotherapy using protons and heavier ions is emerging as an alternative to traditional photon radiotherapy for cancer treatment. Ions have a depth-dose profile that results in high energy deposition at the end of the particle’s path, with a relatively low dosage elsewhere. However, the specifics of ion interactions with cellular biology are not yet fully understood. To study the induced biological effects of the ions on cell cultures, an external beam is required as biological specimens cannot be placed in vacuum. The Heavy Ion Accelerator Facility (HIAF) at the Australian National University hosts accelerators for a wide variety of ion-beam research applications. However, HIAF does not currently have an external beam capability. Here, we present an initial design for a radiobiological research capability at HIAF. A systems engineering approach was used to develop the architecture of the apparatus and determine the feasibility of adapting the current facilities to external beam applications. This effort included ion optics calculations, coupled to a Geant4 simulation, to characterise ion beam transitions through a thin window into the air. The beam spread, intensity distributions, and energy of proton and carbon ions were studied as a function of distance travelled from the window, as well as the effects of alternative window materials and thicknesses. It was determined that the proposed line at the HIAF would be suitable for the desired applications. Overall, this feasibility study lays the foundations of an external beam design, a simulation test framework, and the basis for a grant application for an external beam at the HIAF.

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Orea, D., R. Chavez, D. T. Nguyen, R. Vaghetto, N. K. Anand, Y. A. Hassan, and P. Sabharwall. "PARTICLE DEPOSITION STUDY IN A HORIZONTAL SQUARE CHANNEL USING HIGH-RESOLUTION IMAGING." EPJ Web of Conferences 247 (2021): 10011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202124710011.

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The ongoing research at Texas A&M University (TAMU) aims to develop and implement measurement techniques to quantify fission product transport and related phenomena in a Gas-Cooled Fast Reactor (GCFR). This study summarizes the experimental measurements performed in a Proof-of-Concept Facility (PCF) to understand particle transport under various Reynolds numbers. Using high-resolution high-magnification optical measurement techniques, surrogate particle deposition was measured on the bottom wall surface of the PCF. The particle deposition over time was observed to decrease as the Reynolds number increased. In addition, the particle spatial distributions increased approaching the side wall of the PCF. This state-of-the art optical technique allows for the non-intrusive measurements of micron-sized particles near the wall surface.

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Pascu, Alexandru, Elena Manuela Stanciu, Cătălin Croitoru, Ionut Claudiu Roată, and Mircea Horia Tierean. "Carbon Nanoparticle-Supported Pd Obtained by Solar Physical Vapor Deposition." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2018 (2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4730192.

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Palladium supported on carbon nanoparticles has been obtained on a specially designed ceramic catalyst, obtained by thermal spraying on a copper substrate, starting from Pd/C targets. Solar physical vapor deposition in argon, an environment-friendly and energy-efficient alternative to arc or chemical vapor deposition, has been employed as a means of target vaporization at CNRS-PROMES facility in Odeillo, France. The obtained nanoparticles have a spherical-porous morphology with diameters ranging from 50 to 120 nm and specific sorption areas of 50,000 m2/g. The XRD diffractograms indicate the presence of dominatingly crystalline short-range ordered graphene oxide layers, in contrast with the amorphous Pd/C starting precursor. The presence of palladium (0.6% wt.) at the surface of the nanoparticles was proved by the EDX and XRD analyses, making the synthesized material useful in applications such as catalysis or gas sorption.

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Gous, S. F., T. M. Withers, and A. J. Hewitt. "A new pest management research facility Scions largescale precision track sprayer." New Zealand Plant Protection 67 (January 8, 2014): 267–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2014.67.5724.

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A new large scale precision track sprayer has been developed and evaluated for spray deposition and pesticide application research under controlled conditions The spray room is fitted with a 4 m wide electrically driven boom suspended 4 m above ground running on a 12 m long Ibeam It is fitted with 9 independently controlled shut off valves and nozzles Sprays can be applied to live plant canopies up to 3 m tall within a 2 m times; 3 m sample area The number location and type of nozzle on the boom can be altered as can spray liquid pressure and boom speed in order to simulate a wide range of spray application scenarios Calibration of the largescale precision track sprayer has been undertaken for a range of droplet spectra from extremely coarse to very fine This paper documents the calibration results and discusses the potential use of this facility for pesticide application research

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Panchenko, V. P., A. L. Dyachkov, S. P. Korolev, K. S. Kravchuk, M. N. Sadogursky, and L. A. Seidman. "Technology of Magnetron Deposition of Nanosized High-Barrier Relative Oxygen Aluminium Oxide Coating on Roll Pet Film." Herald of the Bauman Moscow State Technical University. Series Mechanical Engineering, no. 2 (131) (April 2020): 109–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/0236-3941-2020-2-109-127.

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The paper introduces the development of the technology of reactive magnetron deposition of a nanosized aluminum oxide layer on a roll PET film, which provides a low specific permeability relative to oxygen. We describe a large-size magnetron deposition facility and its optimal operating modes, as well as the sequence of operations performed. Within the research, we found that various parameters of magnetron deposition of aluminum oxide affect the characteristics of the nanosized layer. The thicknesses of oxide layers were measured in the range of 20--80 nm, the roughness of their surfaces and their structures and reliefs were estimated. Furthermore, we established the experimental dependence of the specific permeability relative to the oxygen of the oxide layer on the PET substrate on its thickness in the range of 20--80 nm. The study gives its qualitative explanation and describes the specific energy consumption

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Matzain, Ahmadbazlee, Mandar S. Apte, Hong-Quan Zhang, Michael Volk, James P. Brill, and J. L. Creek. "Investigation of Paraffin Deposition During Multiphase Flow in Pipelines and Wellbores—Part 1: Experiments." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 124, no. 3 (August 6, 2002): 180–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1484392.

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Results are presented from two-phase flow wax deposition tests using a state-of-the-art, high-pressure, multiphase flow test facility. Wax deposition was found to be flow pattern specific and dependent on the flow velocities of the two-phase fluids. Wax deposition occurs only along the pipe wall in contact with a waxy crude oil. An increase in mixture velocity results in harder deposits, but with a lower deposit thickness. The wax buildup trend at low mixture velocities is similar to that observed in laminar single-phase flow tests. The wax buildup trend at high mixture velocities is similar to that observed in turbulent single-phase flow tests. Thinner and harder deposits at the bottom than at the top of the pipe were observed in horizontal and near-horizontal intermittent flow tests. For annular flow tests, thicker and harder deposits were observed at low superficial liquid velocity than at high superficial liquid velocity. In stratified flow tests, no wax deposition was observed along the upper portion of the pipe.

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Rico, Juan Jesús, Raquel Pérez-Orozco, Natalia Cid, Ana Larrañaga, and José Luis Míguez Tabarés. "Viability of Agricultural and Forestry Residues as Biomass Fuels in the Galicia-North Portugal Region: An Experimental Study." Sustainability 12, no. 19 (October 5, 2020): 8206. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12198206.

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In this study, an experimental approach was utilized to assess the viability of three biomass fuels in a small laboratory-scale combustor. Three feedstocks currently considered as residues were selected based on their widespread presence in the Euroregion Galicia-North Portugal, and some were modified to improve their behavior by removing fine particles or adding substances to increase the melting point of the ashes. The experimental facility was a highly modifiable, fixed-bed combustor with air-staging capabilities and a wide array of sensors intended to measure a large quantity of parameters. A series of tests was performed to cover the widest range of total air flows possible for the facility, with values of 0.223, 0.279 and 0.334 kg/m²s being used, while 30% of the total air flow enters from below the combustion bed and 70% over it. Results from the proximate and elemental analyses show high proportions of ash in every fuel compared to commercial wood pellets, and empirical deposition indexes suggest a high risk of fouling and slagging. Testing confirmed the analysis predictions, resulting in the kiwi- and vine-based fuels not being suitable for a facility without ash elimination systems. Some modifications of the gorse fuel showed improved behavior compared to unmodified gorse fuel, namely, the addition of a 2% mass fraction of CaCO3 and the removal of fine particles. The former prevented ash sintering, and the latter greatly decreased the fouling of the heat exchanger tubes. These results suggest that some of the vegetal species studied might be suitable for their use in small-scale biomass burners, and besides the accuracy of one of the deposition indexes used is confirmed.

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Saul, A. J., and D. R. Ellis. "Sediment Deposition in Storage Tanks." Water Science and Technology 25, no. 8 (April 1, 1992): 189–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1992.0193.

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The use of storage tanks in sewerage systems has increased in recent years. The primary functions of such tanks are to attenuate flow and to retain pollutants within the sewer system. The size of the required storage volume is dependent on the purpose for which the tank is to be used but the end product of any design analysis is the definition of fixed volume of storage which has to be included as part of the sewerage system. The main problem is to provide storage and effective separation of gross and suspended solids without incurring poor self cleansing and associated high maintenance costs. The work outlined in this paper involved the development of a laboratory computer controlled monitoring system for the purpose of flow visualisation and for the comparative assessment of the sediment deposition and removal performance of different geometric configurations of storage tank. These systems used sophisticated control procedures and the latter had the facility to generate a flow hydrograph of any shape and duration and to superimpose on this hydrograph a pollutograph of synthetic sediment, in this case crushed olive stone wood flour. Particular attention was focused on the optimum length to breadth ratio for a given storage volume, the configuration of the chamber floor - number, shape and gradient of dry weather flow channels and benching (gradient; the type of roof support and the effect of multiple storms on the redistribution of deposited sediment. The results of the work illustrated that very complex flow patterns were established within the storage tanks as the flow hydrograph was discharged through the system and that these flow patterns governed the sediment settlement, re-entrainment and transport processes in the tank. The velocity distribution within each chamber was a function of tank geometry, the shape, volume, and duration of the inflow hydrograph and the throughflow setting. The paper is concluded by a series of recommendations to aid the design of storage tanks.

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Oliver, James B., and David Talbot. "Optimization of deposition uniformity for large-aperture National Ignition Facility substrates in a planetary rotation system." Applied Optics 45, no. 13 (May 1, 2006): 3097. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.45.003097.

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Terada, Tatshiro, Tetsuhiko Maeda, Tetsuya Suekane, Yoshihiro Okuno, Tetsuji Okamura, Hiroyuki Yamasaki, and Shigeharu Kabashima. "Improvement in Performance of MHD Generator in Blow-down Facility by Suppressing Seed Deposition on Walls." IEEJ Transactions on Power and Energy 120, no. 7 (2000): 1010–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejpes1990.120.7_1010.

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39

Schneider, V., and J. Maruhn. "Heating matter by intense heavy ion beams at SIS energies." Laser and Particle Beams 8, no. 4 (December 1990): 833–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034600009204.

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The hydrodynamic flow in cylindrical aluminum targets irradiated by intense Xenon beams is discussed for three different beam-target combinations. Solid targets, targets with enclosed cavities, and hollow beams are considered to study the effects of energy deposition and compression waves in matter. Emphasis is put on the occurrence of converging shock waves. The assumed beam intensity of 40TW/cm2 is in the scope of the GSI-SIS/ESR facility that will start operating in 1990/91.A two-dimensional hydrodynamic code, including the energy deposition of heavy ions, a realistic equation of state, and realistic transport coefficients, is used in numerical simulations to obtain information on the temperature and density distributions and the relevant time scales that have to be expected in these experiments.

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BERNARDINELLO, A., D. BATANI, V. MASELLA, T. A. HALL, S. ELLWI, M. KOENIG, A. BENUZZI, et al. "Fast electron propagation and energy deposition in laser shock compressed plasmas." Laser and Particle Beams 17, no. 3 (July 1999): 519–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034699173208.

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The first experimental study of the propagation of electrons created by an intense laser in shock-compressed matter has been performed with the VULCAN laser facility at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, to investigate one of the fundamental phases of the fast ignitor concept for inertial confinement fusion. Plastic plane targets were irradiated on one side with two pulsed laser beams, each with I ≈ 1014 W/cm2, t ≈ 2 ns, E ≈ 80 J per pulse, to generate a planar shock wave; on the opposite side of the target, a chirped pulse amplification (CPA) laser beam (I ≈ 1016 W/cm2, t ≈ 3 ps, E ≈ 10 J) was focused to generate the fast electrons. The results show an increase of hot electron penetration in compressed matter with respect to an ordinary one. Experimental results have been analyzed with computer simulations.

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Jull, A. J. T., D. J. Donahue, A. L. Hatheway, T. W. Linick, and L. J. Toolin. "Production of Graphite Targets by Deposition from CO/H2 for Precision Accelerator 14C Measurements." Radiocarbon 28, no. 2A (1986): 191–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200007268.

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A method has been developed at the Arizona AMS facility for production of graphite directly from CO2 by catalytic reduction of CO/H2 mixtures. The method is a modification of procedures discussed by Vogel et al (1984). Currents of 12C− from these targets vary considerably, but have a median value which is 70% of that achieved from spectroscopic graphite. Precisions of ±60 to 100 yr are routinely achieved for 14C ages of 5000-yr-old samples containing one milligram of carbon. The yield of 14C from “blank” targets is 0.6 ± 0.1% of that from modern material.

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Stebounova, Larissa V., Natalia I. Gonzalez-Pech, Jae Hong Park, T. Renee Anthony, Vicki H. Grassian, and Thomas M. Peters. "Particle Concentrations in Occupational Settings Measured with a Nanoparticle Respiratory Deposition (NRD) Sampler." Annals of Work Exposures and Health 62, no. 6 (May 18, 2018): 699–710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/annweh/wxy033.

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Abstract There is an increasing need to evaluate concentrations of nanoparticles in occupational settings due to their potential negative health effects. The Nanoparticle Respiratory Deposition (NRD) personal sampler was developed to collect nanoparticles separately from larger particles in the breathing zone of workers, while simultaneously providing a measure of respirable mass concentration. This study compared concentrations measured with the NRD sampler to those measured with a nano Micro Orifice Uniform-Deposit Impactor (nanoMOUDI) and respirable samplers in three workplaces. The NRD sampler performed well at two out of three locations, where over 90% of metal particles by mass were submicrometer particle size (a heavy vehicle machining and assembly facility and a shooting range). At the heavy vehicle facility, the mean metal mass concentration of particles collected on the diffusion stage of the NRD was 42.5 ± 10.0 µg/m3, within 5% of the nanoMOUDI concentration of 44.4 ± 7.4 µg/m3. At the shooting range, the mass concentration for the diffusion stage of the NRD was 5.9 µg/m3, 28% above the nanoMOUDI concentration of 4.6 µg/m3. In contrast, less favorable results were obtained at an iron foundry, where 95% of metal particles by mass were larger than 1 µm. The accuracy of nanoparticle collection by NRD diffusion stage may have been compromised by high concentrations of coarse particles at the iron foundry, where the NRD collected almost 5-fold more nanoparticle mass compared to the nanoMOUDI on one sampling day and was more than 40% different on other sampling days. The respirable concentrations measured by NRD samplers agreed well with concentrations measured by respirable samplers at all sampling locations. Overall, the NRD sampler accurately measured concentrations of nanoparticles in industrial environments when concentrations of large, coarse mode, particles were low.

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Zhang, Fei, Zhenxia Liu, Zhengang Liu, and Weinan Diao. "Experimental Study of Sand Particle Deposition on a Film-Cooled Turbine Blade at Different Gas Temperatures and Angles of Attack." Energies 13, no. 4 (February 13, 2020): 811. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13040811.

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Particle deposition tests were conducted in a turbine deposition facility with an internally staged single-tube combustor to investigate the individual effect of the gas temperature and angle of attack. Sand particles were seeded to the combustor and deposited on a turbine blade with film-cooling holes at temperatures representative of modern engines. Fuel-air ratios were varied from 0.022 to 0.037 to achieve a gas temperature between 1272 and 1668 K. Results show that capture efficiency increased with increasing gas temperature. A dramatic increase in capture efficiency was noted when gas temperature exceeded the threshold. The deposition formed mostly downstream of the film-cooling holes on the pressure surface, while it concentrated on the suction surface at the trailing edge. Deposition tests at angles of attack between 10° and 40° presented changes in both deposition mass and distribution. The capture efficiency increased with the increase in the angle of attack, and simultaneously the growth rate slowed down. On the blade pressure surface, sand deposition was distributed mainly downstream of the film-cooling holes near the trailing edge in the case of the small angle of attack, while it concentrated on the region around the film-cooling holes near the leading edge, resulting in the partial blockage of holes, in the case of the large angle of attack.

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vanLoon, G., B. C. Anderson, W. E. Watt, and J. Marsalek. "Characterizing Stormwater Sediments for Ecotoxic Risk." Water Quality Research Journal 35, no. 3 (August 1, 2000): 341–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2000.024.

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Abstract The characteristics of accumulated sediments were investigated, with a focus on selected trace metals, in three Stormwater management facilities and one natural site, all located in the Regional Municipality of Ottawa-Carleton, in Ontario, Canada. This study was conducted in response to concerns expressed by Environment Canada about possible ecosystem impacts by contaminants accumulated in these commonly utilized, passive treatment systems. Also of interest were the effects of facility configuration and operation and maintenance on particulate deposition patterns and resulting exposure risk. This was the first phase of a multidisciplinary study to quantify the risk of ecosystem effects in these systems, and results indicate that there were some significant potential risks present. In addition, results indicate that a simple comparison with provincial sediment quality guidelines may not be sufficient to alert facility owners and operators to these potential risks.

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Nettesheim, April, Myoung Sup Shim, Angela Dixon, Urmimala Raychaudhuri, Haiyan Gong, and Paloma B. Liton. "Cathepsin B Localizes in the Caveolae and Participates in the Proteolytic Cascade in Trabecular Meshwork Cells. Potential New Drug Target for the Treatment of Glaucoma." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 1 (December 28, 2020): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10010078.

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Extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition in the trabecular meshwork (TM) is one of the hallmarks of glaucoma, a group of human diseases and leading cause of permanent blindness. The molecular mechanisms underlying ECM deposition in the glaucomatous TM are not known, but it is presumed to be a consequence of excessive synthesis of ECM components, decreased proteolytic degradation, or both. Targeting ECM deposition might represent a therapeutic approach to restore outflow facility in glaucoma. Previous work conducted in our laboratory identified the lysosomal enzyme cathepsin B (CTSB) to be expressed on the cellular surface and to be secreted into the culture media in trabecular meshwork (TM) cells. Here, we further investigated the role of CTSB on ECM remodeling and outflow physiology in vitro and in CSTBko mice. Our results indicate that CTSB localizes in the caveolae and participates in the pericellular degradation of ECM in TM cells. We also report here a novel role of CTSB in regulating the expression of PAI-1 and TGFβ/Smad signaling in TM cells vitro and in vivo in CTSBko mice. We propose enhancing CTSB activity as a novel therapeutic target to attenuate fibrosis and ECM deposition in the glaucomatous outflow pathway.

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EKLUND, M. W., M. E. PETERSON, F. T. POYSKY, R. N. PARANJPYE, and G. A. PELROY. "Control of Bacterial Pathogens during Processing of Cold-Smoked and Dried Salmon Strips." Journal of Food Protection 67, no. 2 (February 1, 2004): 347–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-67.2.347.

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Microbiological and chemical changes were determined during the smoking and drying of salmon strips processed at 29 to 31°C for 4 days at a facility in Alaska in 1993. During the process, Staphylococcus aureus populations increased to more than 105 CFU/g after 2 to 3 days of processing. Subsequent laboratory studies showed that a pellicle (dried skinlike surface) formed rapidly on the strips when there was rapid air circulation in the smokehouse and that bacteria embedded in or under the pellicle were able to grow even when heavy smoke deposition occurred. Under these conditions, an inoculum of 26 CFU/g of S. aureus increased to 105 CFU/g after 3 days of processing. Elimination of preprocess drying and reduction in air flow during smoking resulted in smoke deposition before pellicle formation and enabled the product to reach levels of water-phase salt and water activity that inhibit the growth of S. aureus and Listeria monocytogenes. In 1994, these modifications were then applied during processing at an Alaskan facility, and S. aureus could not be detected in the finished product. L. monocytogenes was detected in the raw product area, on the processing tables, and on the raw salmon strips, but it was not detected in the finished product when the smoke was applied before pellicle formation.

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Kustov, Maksym, Andriy Melnychenko, Dmytro Taraduda, and Alla Korogodska. "Research of the Chlorine Sorption Processes when its Deposition by Water Aerosol." Materials Science Forum 1038 (July 13, 2021): 361–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1038.361.

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Modified stepwise model of gas sorption process with finely dispersed water flow. The sorption model allows forecasting the intensity of hazardous gases deposition with adequate for the emergency recovery conditions accuracy using minimum input parameters. This allows using the sorption model under the conditions of emergency and increasing the forecasting promptness. Use of chemical neutralizer is proposed to increase the effectiveness of chlorine hazardous gas deposition. Use of sodium hydroxide is proposed as the chlorine chemical neutralizer, which is easily dissolved in water, non-toxic and easy to store. An experimental laboratory facility was developed and created with the purpose of experimental verification of the sorption processes, which allows researching the sorption processes by liquid aerosols within a wide range of dispersity. Adequacy of the existing models as well as the modified one was verified experimentally. The verification results showed a 5% indicator of the theoretical and experimental results compliance.

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King, Marco-Felipe, Miller Camargo-Valero, Adriana Matamoros-Veloza, P. Sleigh, and Catherine Noakes. "An Effective Surrogate Tracer Technique for S. aureus Bioaerosols in a Mechanically Ventilated Hospital Room Replica Using Dilute Aqueous Lithium Chloride." Atmosphere 8, no. 12 (December 1, 2017): 238. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos8120238.

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Finding a non-pathogenic surrogate aerosol that represents the deposition of typical bioaerosols in healthcare settings is beneficial from the perspective of hospital facility testing, general infection control and outbreak analysis. This study considers aerosolization of dilute aqueous lithium chloride (LiCl) and sodium chloride (NaCl) solutions as surrogate tracers capable of representing Staphylococcus aureus bioaerosol deposition on surfaces in mechanically ventilated rooms. Tests were conducted in a biological test chamber set up as a replica hospital single patient room. Petri dishes on surfaces were used to collect the Li, Na and S. aureus aerosols separately after release. Biological samples were analyzed using cultivation techniques on solid media, and flame atomic absorption spectroscopy was used to measure Li and Na atom concentrations. Spatial deposition distribution of Li tracer correlated well with S. aureus aerosols (96% of pairs within a 95% confidence interval). In the patient hospital room replica, results show that the most contaminated areas were on surfaces 2 m away from the source. This indicates that the room’s airflow patterns play a significant role in bioaerosol transport. NaCl proved not to be sensitive to spatial deposition patterns. LiCl as a surrogate tracer for bioaerosol deposition was most reliable as it was robust to outliers, sensitive to spatial heterogeneity and found to require less replicates than the S. aureus counterpart to be in good spatial agreement with biological results.

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Karg, Erwin W., George A. Ferron, Stefanie Bauer, Sebastiano Di Bucchianico, and Ralf Zimmermann. "Is the particle deposition in a cell exposure facility comparable to the lungs? A computer model approach." Aerosol Science and Technology 54, no. 6 (February 28, 2020): 668–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02786826.2020.1724868.

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Messham, R. L., and W. K. Tucker. "Design of a safe facility for the metalorganic chemical vapor deposition of high-purity GaAs and AlGaAs." Journal of Crystal Growth 77, no. 1-3 (September 1986): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0248(86)90289-7.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Deposition facility'

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