Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Dépôts sous vide'
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Parbaile, Emilien. "Contribution à l'optimisation des techniques de dépôts sous vide de cellules solaires organiques." Limoges, 2009. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/e6a50ed2-0fc2-4a6e-abd4-d838a9507b10/blobholder:0/2009LIMO4061.pdf.
Full textOrganic solar cells are low weight and particularly resistant to shocks (active layer and substrate in plastic). They are suitable for harsh environments such as military environment. Furthermore, conformability of these cells would permit to integrate them in mobile phones and other portable devices requiring high autonomies. The works of this thesis consisted to study different cell structures, improve reproducibility, realize cells with purified materials and make cells on flexible substrates in particular. The realization of cells on such substrates showed that the transition from a rigid substrate to a flexible substrate modifies only slightly the performance. The cells produced and characterized were mainly cells based on CuPc and C60. The deposition techniques used were spin coating and thermal vacuum sublimation. In addition, measurements of incident photon to current conversion efficiency (IPCE) showed that they depend on the incident light power. Other IPCE measurements permitted to estimate the phosphorescence time of C60 and determine the charge mobility in the CuPc. A radiometry study on the solar simulator was led in order to allow compare cell efficiencies with those of other laboratories. A method established permits to approach as close as possible the standard of illumination AM1. 5G with the simulator
Piot, Olivier. "Etude et application de l'évaporation sous vide et des dépôts ioniques à la réalisation de dépôts de chrome et de nitrure de chrome." Limoges, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LIMO0019.
Full textClédat, Patrice. "Réalisation et étude comparative de dépôts céramiques obtenus par arc électrique sous vide ou dépôts ioniques : application à l'analyse du comportement anti-usure et des mécanismes de défaillance de revêtements PVD et CVD (TiN, CrN, DLC) sur outils de mise en forme." Limoges, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LIMO4001.
Full textBessaudou, Annie. "Etude de la répartition en épaisseur et de la vitesse de croissance des dépôts obtenus par "ion plating"." Limoges, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985LIMO4003.
Full textGautier, Catherine. "Etude des mécanismes de croissance et des propriétés des dépôts à base de chrome réalisés par arc électrique sous vide." Limoges, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIMO0037.
Full textWang, Yan. "Réalisation par projection thermique de dépôts pour la protection contre l'érosion par cavitation." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCA004/document.
Full textIn order to protect the hydraulic components from cavitation erosion phenomena, the parts are often coated by thermal spraying. Buck YSZ shows an excellent performance against cavitation erosion. However, the cavitation erosion resistance of YSZ coatings have vaguely been studied. Therefore, in this study, YSZ were manufactured with different thermal spraying processes and post-treated by laser remelting, then they were subjected to cavitation tests according to ASTM G32.The YSZ coating was first manufactured by atmospheric plasma spraying (APS). Various sizes of YSZ powder and different preheating temperatures of the substrate were studied to observe their effect on the cavitation behavior of the samples. The acoustic cavitation simulation of the Caflisch type has been used to estimate the speed of the water jet and the stresses exerted by the collapse of the bubbles on the surface of the samples. The cavitation results of the two YSZ and 304SS coatings were aslo studied to discuss cavitation damage of a thermally sprayed coating.Then in order to densify these samples, YSZ-NiCrBSi composite coatings containing from 5 to 25 wt% NiCrBSi in the mixture were manufactured with the APS process. The results of cavitation erosion show that low adhesion of NiCrBSi particles counterbalances the positive effect of decreasing porosity in these coatings. The YSZ coating was then post-treated by laser remelting and various laser parameters were tested to optimize their densification. It turns out that laser remelting produces a dense surface layer but also cracks inside the coatings. Exposed to the cavitation erosion test, it was observed significant removal of the remelted parts of the coating and, resulting in rapid mass loss. This is why epoxy has been used to infiltrate these cracks. The laser remelted and epoxy infiltrated coating exhibits a significant improvement in cavitation resistance. Finally, the vacuum plasma spraying method (VPS), which provides very dense coatings, was used to make the YSZ coating. A porosity coating of less than 1% was obtained. Due to the high temperature of the substrate during VPS projection, the interlamellar bonds are improved, contributing to a significant increase of cavitation resistance
Vinayo, Maria-Elena. "Contribution à l'étude de la projection atmosphérique et sous vide partiel de particules de carbures de tungstène avec liant cobalt ou nickel : application des dépôts au frottement sur acier." Limoges, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985LIMO0003.
Full textChaouki, Aïssam. "Structures fluorures InP "Dépôt sous vides et fluoruration"." Bordeaux 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987BOR10587.
Full textGelin, Simon. "Dépôt de films d'oxyde de silicium par vaporisation sous vide : dynamique moléculaire et expériences." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1117/document.
Full textSilica thin films are widely used as low index layers in antireflective coatings. In the ophthalmic industry, they are deposited at ambient temperature, by electron beam vaporization. This process generates large compressive stresses which make the coatings susceptible to damage. It is thus crucial to understand how these stresses emerge. However, this problem is highly complex because many process parameters may play a role: substrate and residual gas properties, characteristics of the deposition chamber, of the electron gun, growth rate,… Moreover, these parameters may depend on each other and affect several phenomena at the same time. In this thesis, numerical simulations and experiments are performed in order to identifiy the mechanisms responsible for the generation of compressive stresses during film growth. The experiments reveal three regimes of growth, depending on the residual gas pressure. Near ultra high vacuum, where the effect of residual gas is negligible, films grow under compression. Then, as pressure increases, incorporation of gas species in the films slightly compresses them. Eventually, when pressure is high enough so that vaporized particles are slowed down by collisions with gas particles, the level of compression significantly decreases; this rapidly masks the incorporation effect. Molecular dynamics simulations allow us to explore the ideal vacuum limit. By depositing silica films in a vast ensemble of conditions, we find that their compressive state of stress is solely controlled by the mean kinetic energy of incident particles. Comparison with experiments suggests that this energy is equal to a few eV, which is at least ten times greater than predictions from the literature on deposition. This unexpected result leads us to refute the idea that electron beam vaporization would be equivalent to simple themal heating. We confirm this experimentally, by comparing films deposited from silicon monoxide either thermally evaporated or vaporized using an electron beam: the formers grow under tension while the latters under compression. Finally, we explain the ejection of particles of a few eV as coming from the very low electrical conductivity of silica: under electronic irradiation, charges accumulate at its surface and accelerate the charged vaporized particles by Coulombian repulsions
Hojeij, Wassim. "Réalisation et caractérisations optoélectroniques de cellules photovoltaïques organiques." Limoges, 2007. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/6e0c9ccc-22d0-4d73-b3b7-e2c9264fa719/blobholder:0/2007LIMO4062.pdf.
Full textThe development of efficient and stable organic solar cells constitutes the next major step in the development of organic electronics careers. These organic photovoltaic cells will be used for low cost energy production. They can be manufactured on flexible substrates, which will enable them to be easily integrated in electronics devices such as portable telephones and portable computers. A morphological study of multilayer and bulk heterojunction (BHJ) organic solar cells is carried out by studying the various parameters of realization such as the growth rate, the number of unit cells and the active layer thickness. Other studies are carried out on the optimisation of organic solar cells leading to a power conversion efficiency of 1,9 %. A study is undertaken on organic solar cells dimension effect on their photovoltaic behavior. The electromagnetic study of organic solar cell design shows that the electrical parameters depend on the geometric parameters of the active area
Douyon, de Azevedo Mario. "Etude du dépôt par arc dans le vide de couches minces de carbone sous pression réduite d'hydrogène." Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=59546.
Full textThe angular distribution of the ionic flux was measured in vacuum as well as under hydrogen pressures. The flux J was found to follow an exponential function of the solid angle $ Omega$ subtended by a cone normal to the cathode surface: J = J$ sb{ rm o}$ exp ($- Omega sp2$ / k$ sp2$).
Another angular distribution of the ionic flux which can be associated with the effusion of a gas from an enclosure by an orifice is J = J$ sb{ rm o}$ cos ($ theta$), where $ theta$ is the angle from the cathode surface normal. This distribution was tested but agrees less with experimental measurements.
The ionic flux is attenuated with distance R to the cathode and gas density n according to J = J$ sb{ rm o}$ e $ rm sp{- n sigma R}$ where $ sigma$ is the cross-section of the carbon ions-hydrogen molecules interaction. The obtained values of the cross-section for a wide range of pressures are in the order of 10$ sp{-17}$ cm$ sp{-2}$. The analysis of the time delays taken by the ions to reach electrostatic probes proved that the attenuation of the ionic flux by the background gas was not due to the photoionization of the hydrogen by radiation emitted from the cathode spots.
Hofman, David. "Étude et installation d'un contrôle optique large-bande dans une machine de dépôt sous vide de grandes dimensions." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1277/document.
Full textThe optics that are generally used for the experiments using white light or lasers, have their surfaces usually treated in order to enhance their optical characteristics. This is done inside vacuum coating machines with different possible techniques. With all these techniques, some matter is deposited on the optical surface: several thin films of different materials are deposited in a stack. These improvements use the light interference properties of the beams that are reflected or transmitted by the thin films. But in order to make this effect the most efficient, it is necessary that the layer thicknesses respect an optical design: the layer stack and their theoretical thicknesses.Different in-situ thickness monitoring techniques exist. One of them, the quartz crystal microbalance technique, is widely used for its simplicity but it only allows an accuracy of a few percent. The thesis topic was the development and the installation of a thickness monitoring, in a large coating chamber used for large optics coating, in order to replace th quartz microbalance monitoring. . This is a broadband optical system performing a spectral analysis of the reflected beam from the optic during the coating. We will start this manuscript with a quick overviewof the deposition techniques available at the laboratory. Then, we will review the most widely used thickness monitoring methods in the domain of thin films. We will continue with the design and the installation of the optical system inside the coating chamber. Finally, we will show that the success criteria of the deposition tests were met with accuracy and repeatability
Duval, Hervé. "Contribution à l'utilisation de méthodes particulaires en métallurgie d'élaboration sous vide." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPL040N.
Full textGuillon, Nathalie. "Étude de composés Ti-B-N élaborés par dépot sous vide : relation entre microstructure, composition chimique et propriétés mécaniques." Grenoble INPG, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPG4207.
Full textSeddiki, Omar. "Dépôt d'un film mince métallique sur un liquide par le procédé d'évaporation sous vide : Une nouvelle méthode pour réaliser le miroir liquide lunaire." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27080/27080.pdf.
Full textBernard, Romain. "Nanocristaux et nanobâtonnets de CdSe déposés sous ultra-vide sur des sufaces de silicium hydrogénée, diamant hydrogénée et graphite résolues à l'échelle atomique." Paris 11, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA112183.
Full textThis thesis is the first step of a project aiming to use a single isolated nanocristal as a photon nano-source, excited by the electrons of a stm. We have developped a way to synthesize very pure solutions of cdse nanocrystals and nanorods. At the same time, we have developped a deposition method by pulsed injection under uhv, allowing to deposit these nano-objects on clean and reconstructed hydrogenated silicon, hydrogenated diamond and graphite surfaces. With the stm, we verified that these surfaces remain clean and were reconstructed after the deposition and we performed tunneling spectroscopy measurements in order to characterise the double barrier tunnel junction formed by the surface-nanocrystal-tip. Thanks to this deposition method which preserves the surface structure, we have shown that the nanorods are spontaneously orientated (with respect to the surface structure) when they are deposited on the hydrogenated silicon and graphite surfaces. We concluded from the estimation of the different interaction energies between the nanorod and the surface that this spontaneous orientation is due to the anisotropic interaction of the nanorod's ligands with these surfaces. This phenomenon shows that the deposition of such objects on atomically structured surfaces can be used to control their organisation through the ligand-surface interaction
Bichotte, Maxime. "Réalisation d'un absorbeur solaire sélectif pour centrale CSP associant dépôt en couches minces et texturation de surface." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSES013.
Full textThe global warming context reinforces the development of CSP technologies. Cost reduction of CSP requires the improvement of component durability and efficiency. The solar absorbers should be spectrally selective since the high working temperatures of CSP plants increase the radiative thermal losses. This thesis proposes an original, spectrally selective absorber structure combining TiAlN based coatings and diffractive gratings. The surface texturing provided by the diffractive gratings improves the solar absorption of the thin coating by an effective optical index gradation effect leading toincreased photothermal efficiency. In this thesis, the modeling of the textured absorber’s optical behavior, fabrication methods of diffractive gratings, as well as layer deposition by PVD/PECVD will be discussed. Experimental measurements will be compared to the theoretical modelling. The experimental analysis of textured absorbers confirms the increase of photothermal efficiency by almost 3%, as well as a good thermal stability at 500°C in air for 300 hours of annealing
Marchand, Mickaël. "Synthèse in-situ et caractérisation de nanotubes de carbone individuels sous émission de champ." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00466604.
Full textNapolitano, Michel. "Développement d'un système de pilotage en temps réel selon une approche orientée objets, d'un bâti de dépôt sous vide utilisant la technologie DIBS : mise en oeuvre de cet outil et application à la réalisation de couches minces d'oxydes dans le cadre du projet VIRGO." Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO10127.
Full textVoarino, Philippe. "Lumière diffuse et microsphères multicouches : calculs et réalisations." Phd thesis, Aix-Marseille 3, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00083581.
Full textLa deuxième partie de notre travail a consisté en la réalisation des micro-composants. Pour cela nous avons entièrement mis au point une technologie de pulvérisation par faisceau d'ions (IBS), pour fabriquer des couches minces optiques métalliques ou diélectriques. Pour revêtir les microsphères, nous les animons d'un mouvement aléatoire conféré par une membrane vibrante. Les résultats montrent que notre procédé fonctionne très correctement pour une fabrication en série, ouvrant ainsi la porte à des poudres optiques interférentielles. Ensuite le problème de la caractérisation est traité à l'aide d'un diffusomètre laser et d'un spectro-diffusomètre, pour tenter de mesurer une sphère isolée ou des collections de microsphères.
De façon générale, ce travail trouve des applications dans la couleur et cosmétique, la visualisation, la furtivité et les télécom, le biomédical...
Fayeulle, Dominique. "Elaboration et étude de révêtements céramiques à sous-couche d'accrochage cellulaire pour la protection chimique et thermique de composants de turbomachines." Paris, ENMP, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ENMP0149.
Full textDuris, Maxime. "Conception et réalisation de filtre optique multicouche à grand nombre de couches minces dans le domaine spectral de 0,3 à 15 µm." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2020. https://ged.univ-rennes1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/f003f6e9-b485-44df-92bc-46b0ed838e2f.
Full textOptical filters with a large number of thin films are key elements in the performance and innovation of optical systems. The surface coatings dedicated to optics are vectors of research in all the industrial sectors associated with optics. The design and fabrication of multi-layer optical filters with large number of thin layers with applications in the mid-Infrared spectral range (from 2 µm to 15 µm) are the research problem of this thesis work. In this thesis, the focus was placed on the study, deployment, improvement and optimization of the deposition procedures of Zinc Sulphide (ZnS) and Germanium (Ge). The optimization of the optical constants of Germanium according to the deposition parameters by the design of experiments method is presented and discussed. A design of experiments (DOE) was used to study and optimize Germanium’s deposition conditions, the experiment plan dealt with 4 deposition parameters: deposition speed, pre-deposition vacuum, deposition pressure and ion assisted support (IAD). The results extracted from the DOE include the significant effects of deposition rate, IAD and their interactions, the dissipative effect of pre-deposition vacuum and deposition pressure in the deposition chamber on the growth energy of the thin layer, and a set of deposition conditions optimized to achieve thin layers of Germanium with the highest possible refractive index and extinction coefficient. The stacking of Ge and ZnS thin layers enabled us to fabricate several types of optical filters namely an antireflective coatings from 2 µm to 14 µm composed of 2 to 11 thin layers, a 9 thin-layers mirror at 10,6 µm or a dichroic filter consisting of a 2 µm to 5 µm mirror and an 8 µm to 14 µm antireflective coating consisting of 29 thin-film. Furthermore, we were able to study the reliability and robustness of the thin layers of improved and optimized materials
Marliere, Christian. "Structure, propriétés électriques et travail de sortie de couches doubles indium / or." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 1985. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00716179.
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