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Budni, Josiane. "Efeitos da agmatina em modelos animais de depressão e mania." Florianópolis, SC, 2008. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/91961.
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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Biológicas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências.Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-24T04:20:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 249817.pdf: 674568 bytes, checksum: 025894c3794d5b84ab3f99e0d735c6ef (MD5)
Mood disorders are chronic and severe mental disorders. Many compounds, as agmatine, have been investigated regarding their effects and underlying mechanisms in major depression and bipolar disorder. The administration of agmatine, an endogenous cationic amine, elicits an antidepressant-like effect in the mouse forced swimming test (FST) by a mechanism dependent on the inhibition of the NMDA receptors and the L-arginine-nitric oxide (NO) pathway. Since it has been reported that the NO can activate different types of potassium (K+) channels in several tissues, the present study investigated the possibility of synergistic interactions between different types of K+ channel inhibitors and agmatine in the FST. Treatment of mice by i.c.v. route with subeffective doses of tetraethylammonium (a non specific inhibitor of K+ channels, 25 pg/site), glibenclamide (an ATP-sensitive K+ channel inhibitor, 0.5 pg/site), charybdotoxin (a large- and intermediate-conductance calciumactivated K+ channel inhibitor, 25 pg/site) or apamin (a small-conductance calcium-activated K+ channel inhibitor, 10 pg/site), augmented the effect of agmatine (0.001 mg/kg, i.p.) in the FST. Furthermore, the administration of agmatine and the K+ channel inhibitors, alone or in combination, did not affect locomotion in the open-field test. Moreover, the reduction in the immobility time elicited by an active dose of agmatine (10 mg/kg, i.p.) in the FST was prevented by the pretreatment of mice with the K+ channel openers cromakalim (10 ìg/site, i.c.v.) and minoxidil (10 ìg/site, i.c.v.), without affecting locomotion. These results raise the possibility that the antidepressant-like effect of agmatine in the FST is related to its modulatory effects on neuronal excitability, via inhibition of K+ channels. Furthermore, we investigated the effect of agmatine in the ouabain-induced hyperactivity in rats, an animal model of mania. In this study, the pretreatment of the animals with agmatine (0.1, 1 and 10 mg/kg, p.o. administered twice a day for 7 days) was able to attenuate the behavioral and neurochemical changes elicited by acute administration of ouabain, a Na,K-ATPase-inhibiting compound, given by i.c.v. route, in Wistar rats. Ouabain (10 ìM/site) significantly increased motor activity in the open-field test. The pretreatment with lithium chloride (LiCl, 45 mg/kg, p.o.) for seven days completely prevented the hyperactivity, but agmatine (0,1-10 mg/kg) partially prevented the ouabain-induced hyperlocomotion. Ouabain treatment elicited lipid peroxidation (increased TBARS levels) and reduced the glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity in the hippocampus and glutathione reductase (GR) activity in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, effects that were completely prevented in rats pretreated with agmatine and LiCl. These results show that agmatine, in a way similar to LiCl, is able to prevent the neurochemical alterations observed in the ouabain-induced model of mania in rats, but was able to reverse only partially the uabain-induced hyperlocomotion. Together, these results suggest that agmatine has not only antidepressant-like effects through an interaction with K+ channels, but also antimanic propierties. Investigar o envolvimeto dos canais de K+ no mecanismo de ação da agmatina no teste do nado forçado e o efeito da agmatina em um modelo animal de mania induzido por ouabaína e sua relação com o estresse oxidativo.
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Brocardo, Patrícia de Souza. "Efeitos do ácido fólico em modelos animais de depressão e de mania." Florianópolis, SC, 2008. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/91820.
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Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Biológicas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências.Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-24T02:49:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 249274.pdf: 1113914 bytes, checksum: bb2fc7a06b5beb60f366c29ab5da2bb8 (MD5)
O ácido fólico (AF) é uma vitamina do complexo B que segundo estudos clínicos pode estar envolvido na fisiopatologia dos transtornos de humor. Neste trabalho foi investigado o efeito desta vitamina em modelos animais de depressão e de mania para a melhor compreensão dos mecanismos de regulação desses estados de humor contribuindo, desta forma, para o futuro desenvolvimento de novas alternativas terapêuticas para controle e/ou remissão dos sintomas associados a estes transtornos. A administração aguda de AF por via oral (p.o.) produziu um efeito antidepressivo no teste do nado forçado (TNF) nas doses de 50 e 100 mg/kg e no teste da suspensão da cauda (TSC) nas doses de 10 e 50 mg/kg. A administração p.o. de AF nas doses de 50 e 100 mg/kg por 30 dias diminuiu significativamente o tempo de imobilidade no TNF. O AF também apresentou efeito antidepressivo quando administrado por via intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) na dose de 10 nmol/sítio no TNF e nas doses de 1 e 10 nmol/sítio no TSC. O tratamento com o ácido folínico (10 nmol/sítio, i.c.v.), um metabólico ativo do AF, também produziu um efeito antidepressivo no TNF. A redução do tempo de imobilidade ocasionada pelo AF e ácido folínico no TNF e no TSC não pode ser atribuída a um efeito psicoestimulante destes compostos, pois os tratamentos com os mesmos não alteraram a locomoção dos camundongos em uma caixa de locomoção após prévia habituação dos mesmos por 2 h à caixa. Neste estudo também foi verificado que o AF (10 e 100 mg/kg, p.o., 7 dias) foi capaz de reverter o comportamento tipo-depressivo no TSC induzido pelo modelo de estresse imprevisível e que a administração de homocisteína (200 mg/kg, p.o, 30 dias) causou comportamento tipo-depressivo no splash teste e no TSC. Na avaliação dos sistemas de neurotransmissores e nas vias de sinalização celular envolvidos no mecanismo de ação antidepressiva do ácido fólico, foi demonstrado que o seu efeito antidepressivo no TNF foi prevenido pelo pré-tratamentos dos camundongos com PCPA (100 mg/kg, i.p., 4 dias consecutivos), WAY100635 (0,1 mg/kg,s.c.), cetanserina (5 mg/kg, i.p.), prazosin (1 mg/kg, i.p.), ioimbina (1 mg/kg, i.p.), NMDA (0,1 pmol/sítio), L-arginina (750 mg/kg, i.p.), SNAP (25 µg/sítio, i.c.v.), sildenafil (5 mg/kg,i.p.), naloxona (1 mg/kg, i.p.), naltrindol (3 mg/kg, i.p.), naloxonazina (10 mg/kg, i.p), H-89 (1 µg/sítio, i.c.v.) e KN-62 (1 µg/sítio, i.c.v.). O tratamento com uma dose sub-ativa de AF p.o e/ou i.c.v. produziu um efeito sinérgico com fluoxetina (10 mg/kg, p.o.), WAY100635 (0,1 mg/kg,s.c.), 7-nitroindazol (25 mg/kg, i.p.), azul de metileno (20 mg/kg, i.p.) e morfina (1 mg/kg, s.c.). Em outra etapa do nosso estudo, o objetivo foi verificar o efeito do AF em um modelo animal de mania. Para este fim, a ouabaína, um inibidor da bomba Na+K+-ATPase, foi administrada em ratos (50 pmol/sítio, i.c.v.), causando um aumento significativo na atividade locomotora no campo aberto. Este efeito foi prevenido pelo pré-tratamento p.o. duas vezes ao dia por 7 dias com AF (50 e 100 mg/kg) ou LiCl (controle positivo; 45 mg/kg). Além disso, a administração de ouabaína produziu redução da atividade da glutationa peroxidase em hipocampo e da glutationa redutase em córtex cerebral e hipocampo e aumento nos níveis de TBARS nas duas estruturas. O pré-tratamento dos animais com AF (10-100 mg/kg, p.o.) ou LiCl preveniu estas alterações. O conjunto dos resultados permite concluir que o AF possui atividade antidepressiva pela interação com os sistemas serotoninérgico, noradrenérgico, glutamatérgico, opioidérgico, via L-arginina-NO-GMPc e com as vias de sinalização celular (PKA e CaMKII) e antimaníaca possivelmente por prevenir a inibição da bomba de Na+K+-ATPase e por possuir propriedades antioxidantes.
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Ribeiro, Camille Mertins. "Efeitos comportamentais e bioquímicos do ácido ascórbico em modelos de depressão e mania." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2015. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/135277.
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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Florianópolis, 2015.Made available in DSpace on 2015-09-29T04:08:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 334524.pdf: 1193847 bytes, checksum: a8be74d54fa663a84d3a4d9313b27f1d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015
Os transtornos de humor estão associados a altos índices de morbidade, mortalidade e custo econômico. O ácido ascórbico (AA) é uma vitamina hidrossolúvel cuja propriedade antidepressiva foi reportada em diversos estudos, além disso, essa vitamina tem uma potencial ação antimaníaca pouco explorada. O presente estudo investigou o envolvimento do sistema opióide no efeito tipo-antidepressivo do AA no teste de suspensão pela cauda (TSC), um modelo preditivo muito utilizado na investigação de novos compostos com ação antidepressiva. Além disso, esse estudo investigou também o possível efeito antimaníaco do AA em um modelo de mania induzido por m-anfetamina (m-AMPH). O tratamento de camundongos Swiss com um antagonista não seletivo de receptores opióides, naloxona, foi capaz de prevenir a diminuição no tempo de imobilidade causada pela administração de uma dose ativa de AA (1 mg/kg) no TSC. Adicionalmente, a administração de um antagonista específico de receptores opióides do tipo µ1, naloxonazina, também preveniu a ação tipo-antidepressiva da mesma dose de AA no TSC, sem causar alteração locomotora no teste do campo aberto (TCA). A administração de naloxonazina e AA não causou alteração significativa no imunoconteúdo de PSD95 em homogenatos de hipocampo e córtex pré-frontal dos animais. Em outro conjunto de experimentos, ratos Wistar foram tratados, duas vezes ao dia por 14 dias, com cloreto de lítio (LiCl, 45 mg/kg, p.o.), AA (0,1; 1; 10 e 100 mg/kg, p.o.) ou veículo (água destilada, 1ml/kg). A partir do 8º dia foi administrada uma injeção diária de m-AMPH (2 mg/kg, i.p.) ou veículo (salina, 1ml/kg). No 15º dia foi administrada uma dose única de m-AMPH e os animais foram testados no TCA após 2 horas. A m-AMPH aumentou a atividade locomotora e exploratória dos animais no campo aberto, e esse comportamento foi prevenido pelo tratamento com LiCl, mas não com AA. A análise do imunoconteúdo de BDNF no hipocampo dos animais mostrou um efeito principal da m-AMPH, a qual diminuiu o imunoconteúdo dessa proteína. No córtex pré-frontal, o grupo tratado com m-AMPH teve um aumento no imunoconteúdo de BDNF, que foi prevenido pelo tratamento com AA na dose de 10 mg/kg. O imunoconteúdo de FGF-2 não sofreu alteração significativa no hipocampo em nenhum dos grupos, mas houve um efeito principal da m-AMPH aumentando os níveis dessa neurotrofina no córtex pré-frontal. Nossos resultados mostram, primeiramente, que o efeito tipo-antidepressivo do AA no TSC parece ser dependente da ativação do sistema opióide, especialmente dos receptores do tipo µ1, e que, a ativação da via mTOR-PSD95, apesar de estar envolvida no mecanismo tipo-antidepressivo do AA nesse teste, aparentemente não está relacionada à ativação do sistema opióide pelo AA. Adicionalmente, nossos resultados mostram que o AA não tem efeito no modelo animal de mania induzido por m-AMPH, e que a desregulação de BDNF e FGF-2 parece estar envolvida na manifestação de mania produzida por este modelo. Conjuntamente, nossos resultados podem ajudar no esclarecimento do papel do AA na regulação do humor.
Abstract : Mood disorders are associated with high levels of morbidity, mortality and a high economic cost. Ascorbic acid (AA) is a water-soluble vitamin whose antidepressant properties have been reported in several studies. Besides, this vitamin has a potential antimanic action that has not been explored yet. The present study investigated the involvement of the opioid system in the antidepressant-like effect of AA in the tail suspension test (TST), a predictive model widely used for the investigation of new antidepressant compounds. Furthermore, this study also investigated the possible antimanic effect of AA in an animal model of mania induced by m-amphetamine (m-AMPH). The treatment of Swiss mice with a non-selective opioid receptor inhibitor, naloxone, was able to prevent the reduced immobility time caused by an active dose of AA (1 mg/kg) in the TST. Additionally, the administration of a selective µ1-opioid receptor antagonist, naloxonazine, also prevented de antidepressant-like action of the same dose of AA in the TST, without causing any locomotor alteration in the open field test (OFT). The administration of naloxonazine and AA did not cause any alteration in the immunocontent of PSD95 in hippocampus and prefrontal cortex homogenates. In another set of experiments, Wistar rats were treated, twice a day for 14 days, with lithium chloride (LiCl, 45 mg.kg, p.o.), AA (0.1; 1; 10 and 100 mg/kg, p.o.) or vehicle (distilled water, 1ml/kg). From the 8th to the 14th day, an injection of m-amphetamine (m-AMPH, 2 mg/kg, i.p.) or vehicle (saline, 1ml/kg) was administered. In the 15th day, a single administration of m-AMPH was given and the animals were subjected to the OFT after two hours. m-AMPH treatment increased locomotor and exploratory activity, and these behavioral alterations were prevented by the treatment with LiCl, but not AA. Regarding hippocampal BDNF immunocontent, we observed a main effect of m-AMPH treatment, which decreased the immunocontent of this protein. In the prefrontal cortex, the group treated with m-AMPH displayed an increased BDNF immunocontent, which was partially prevented by the treatment with LiCl and totally prevented by AA at 10 mg/kg. The immunocontent of FGF-2 was not altered in the hippocampus in any of the groups, but there was a main effect of m-AMPH increasing the level of this neurotrophin in the prefrontal cortex. Our results show, primarily, that the AA antidepressant-like effect in the TST seems to be dependent on the activation of the opioid system, especially µ1-opioid receptor, and that, although mTOR-PSD95 pathway activation is implicated in the antidepressant-like effect of AA in the TST, apparently it is not related to the activation of the opioid system by AA. Additionally, our results show that AA has no effect in the animal model of mania induced by m-AMPH, and that a BDNF and FGF-2 dysregulation seems to be involved in the mania manifestation caused by this model. Altogether, our results may help to understand the role of AA in mood regulation.
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Mota, Rosana Ramos Silveira da. "Avaliação dos níveis séricos de IL-1b em pacientes com episódio atual de depressão, mania ou episódio mistos." Universidade Catolica de Pelotas, 2012. http://tede.ucpel.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/228.
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Previous issue date: 2012-07-12Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Objective: The purpose of this study was to clarify the effect of imune response in diferente mood episodes. Methods: This report is part of a cross-sectional population-based study including 1560 individuals 18 to 35 year-old living in the urban area of Pelotas, RS (Brazil). We randomly selected 241 subjects from the population-based study. The diagnostic of current depression, mania or mixed episode was made using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview 5.0 (MINI). Serum levels of IL-1b were measured using a commercial available immunoassay kit. Results: In the present work we found 110 (45.6%) patients with no current mood episode, 15 (6.2%) patients in maniac episodes, 91 (37.8%) patients with current depression and 25 (10.4%) patients in a mixed states. Socio-demographic variables like ethnicity and years in school were not significantly different between the groups. Regarding the cytokine measurements, patients in maniac and depressive episodes had similar levels of IL-1b (8.85 and 8.90 pg/mL, respectively) when compared to the group with no mood episodes (10.24 pg/mL). However, patients in mixed states had an increase (13.19 pg/mL) in IL-1b levels (P=0.09) when compared to the other groups. Discussion: These results suggest that mixed mood episodes are associated with higher levels of IL-1b. This pro-inflammatory state might underlie the symptom severity and the poor outcome observed in these patients
Nos últimos anos as doenças psiquiátricas foram as doenças que mais aumentaram na população mundial (Andlin-Sobocki et al., 2005). Estima-se que os transtornos de humor serão o grupo de doenças com maior custo absoluto nos próximos anos, conjuntamente com as patologias demenciais (Andlin-Sobocki et al., 2005). Apesar dos recentes progressos alcançados, as bases etiológicas dos transtornos de humor permanecem pouco elucidadas e a terapia não tem sido totalmente eficaz, com apenas 60% dos pacientes sendo responsivos aos fármacos existentes no mercado (Gareri et al., 2000). Além disso, o diagnóstico dos transtornos de humor é feito basicamente pela observação clínica do paciente, sendo muitas vezes falho e ineficaz. Desta maneira, a identificação de marcadores biológicos preditivos ou com valor diagnóstico para estas doenças pode representar um importante avanço no diagnóstico e tratamento dos transtornos de humor
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Kirschbaum, Roberto. "Da melancolia ao luto: desafios e possibilidades na análise das neuroses narcísicas de tipo melancólico." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2014. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/15349.
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Previous issue date: 2014-06-06Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
In this research we want to examine the challenges and therapeutic possibilities in the analysis of melancholic narcissistic neuroses. For that, we ll first go over some conceptions of melancholy along History, arriving at the psychoanalytical conception, chiefly with Freud and Karl Abraham. These psychoanalysts locate melancholia among the narcissistic affections, so we ll follow examining post-freudian and contemporary authors and their approach to narcissism, amongst them Klein, Riviere and Rosenfeld. We ll try to focus, on the one hand, the factors that hamper the treatment of these affections, in special the patients difficulty with the work of mourning, and the negative therapeutic reaction; on the other hand, the elements that constitute or contribute to their therapy. The objective of this research is an enrichment of the comprehension of the metapsychology of melancholy, needed, among other reasons, due to a theoretical and clinical empoverishment that happened with the replacement of the term melancholy by the term depression, mainly in the second half of the 20th century. We propose that this enrichment in the comprehension of the melancholic clinical picture could be helpful in the treatment of narcissistic affections, that include many of the cases being recently diagnosed as depression. Our starting point will be the report of a case of melancholy, where the transferencial relationship raised questions to the analyst, such as: what are the specific defences and resistances in these cases, and how do these impact in the transference-countertransference? If the melancholic suffers from inertia, how to avoid that the analysis of melancholy suffers the same problem? What are the limits to the treatment of melancholy? What are its ways of treatment? How to help the melancholic to develop or recover the capacity to do the work of mourning, and the capacity to love?
Nesta pesquisa propomo-nos a examinar os desafios e possibilidades na análise das neuroses narcísicas melancólicas. Para isto, serão primeiramente resgatadas algumas concepções de melancolia ao longo da história, chegando-se à concepção psicanalítica, principalmente com Freud e Karl Abraham. Estes psicanalistas situam a melancolia entre as afecções narcísicas, portanto seguiremos fazendo articulações com autores pós-freudianos e contemporâneos que abordam o narcisismo, dentre eles Klein, Riviere e Rosenfeld. Procuraremos dar enfoque, por um lado, aos fatores que dificultam a clínica dessas afecções, em especial a dificuldade dos pacientes em realizar o trabalho de luto e a reação terapêutica negativa; por outro lado, aos elementos que compõem ou favorecem sua terapêutica. O objetivo desta pesquisa é um enriquecimento da compreensão da metapsicologia do melancólico, necessária, entre outras razões, em contrapartida ao empobrecimento teórico e clínico ocorridos com a substituição do termo melancolia pelo termo depressão, principalmente a partir de meados do séc. XX. Postulamos que esse enriquecimento na compreensão do quadro melancólico poderá ser de ajuda no exercício da clínica das afecções narcísicas, que incluem muitos dos casos recentemente diagnosticados como de depressão. Partiremos do relato de um caso clínico de quadro melancólico, cuja relação transferencial suscitou questionamentos ao terapeuta, tais como: quais são as defesas e as resistências específicas nestes quadros, e como impactam na transferência-contratransferência? Se o melancólico padece de inércia, como evitar que a análise da melancolia também padeça do mesmo mal? Quais os limites da clínica da melancolia? Quais são as vias terapêuticas? Como ajudar o melancólico a desenvolver ou recuperar a capacidade de realizar o trabalho de luto e a capacidade de amar?
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Morero, Jucelí Andrade Paiva. "Impacto do estresse precoce no agravo do transtorno afetivo bipolar em um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/22/22131/tde-28012019-144608/.
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O Estresse precoce pode ocasionar graves consequências na vida adulta. Entre pacientes com Transtorno Afetivo Bipolar sua ocorrência ainda carece de ser avaliada em estudos ampliados que contemplem sua complexidade de maneira mais abrangente, considerando fatores pessoais, ambientais e psicossociais. Com o objetivo de investigar e ampliar a compreensão da relação entre o Estresse precoce, sintomas do humor (depressão e mania), estratégias de enfrentamento e ideação suicida em pacientes com Transtorno Afetivo Bipolar em um serviço comunitário no interior de São Paulo, desenvolveu-se um estudo transversal, analítico, exploratório, de abordagem quantitativa, utilizando os instrumentos: entrevista clínica para confirmação diagnóstica, de acordo com os critérios do DSM-IV; questionário sociodemográfico, de condições clínicas e de saúde, Escala de Depressão de Hamilton (HAM-D); Escala de Mania (YOUNG); Escala de ideação suicida (BSI); Escala de modos de enfrentamento de problemas (EMEP) e Questionário sobre Traumas na Infância (CTQ). Utilizou-se estatística descritiva e analítica, realizando-se testes Qui-quadrado, com coeficiente de correlação de Pearson e regressão logística, considerando níveis de significância de 0,05. Obteve-se aprovação do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa e a amostra foi de conveniência não probabilística com 50 pacientes com TAB. Prevaleceram mulheres (66,0%), com idade média de 42,7 anos (dp +12,3), 56,0% possuíam ensino médio, 44,0% eram casados ou com companheiro fixo, 90,0% moravam com a família, 88,0% tinham religião, 60,0% estavam afastados ou desempregados, 74,0% viviam com renda mensal de até um salário mínimo, 48,0% tiveram tentativas de suicídio, 58,0% passaram por internações psiquiátricas prévias, 84,0% não praticavam atividade física e 56,0% possuíam comorbidades. A prevalência de Estresse precoce foi de 68,0%, não houve associação estatisticamente significativa entre Estresse precoce, sintomas do humor, estratégias de enfrentamento e ideação suicida entre pacientes com TAB em seguimento em um serviço comunitário. Possivelmente, tais resultados reflitam o impacto que as ações de apoio e suporte social oferecidas pelo CAPS e pela família tem proporcionado a estes pacientes. Os resultados deste estudo indicaram alta prevalência de Estresse precoce que, embora não associado com as demais variáveis, mostra-se relevante na vida destes pacientes. Estudos sobre o Estresse precoce e TAB, relação entre serviço/paciente/família e estratégias de enfrentamento no contexto comunitário podem indicar melhores formas de tratamento e implementação de políticas públicas que garantam melhor qualidade de vida a estes pacientesEarly stress can have serious consequences in adult life. Among patients with Bipolar Affective Disorder, its occurrence still needs to be evaluated in expanded studies that contemplate its complexity in a more comprehensive way, considering personal, environmental and psychosocial factors. With the objective of investigating and broadening the understanding of the relationship between early stress, mood symptoms (depression and mania), coping strategies and suicidal ideation in patients with Bipolar Affective Disorder in a community service in the interior of São Paulo, a cross-sectional, analytical, exploratory, quantitative approach using the instruments: clinical interview for diagnostic confirmation, according to DSM-IV criteria; sociodemographic questionnaire, clinical and health conditions, Hamilton Depression Scale (HAM-D); Mania Scale (YOUNG); Suicidal ideation scale (BSI); Scale of problem coping modes (EMEP) and Trauma Questionnaire in Childhood (CTQ). Descriptive and analytical statistics were used, with Chi-square tests, with Pearson correlation coefficient and logistic regression, considering levels of significance of 0.05. Approval was obtained from the Research Ethics Committee and the sample was of non-probabilistic convenience with 50 patients with BAD. Prevalence of women (66.0%), mean age 42.7 years (dp +12.3), 56.0% had a high school education, 44.0% were married or had a fixed partner, 90.0% lived with the family, 88.0% had religion, 60.0% were retired or unemployed, 74.0% lived with monthly income of up to one minimum wage, 48.0% had attempted suicide, 58.0% had psychiatric hospitalizations 84.0% did not practice physical activity and 56.0% had comorbidities. The prevalence of early stress was 68.0%; there was no statistically significant association between early stress, mood symptoms, coping strategies, and suicidal ideation among patients with BD at follow-up at a community service. These results may reflect the impact that the support and social support actions offered by the CAPS and the family have provided to these patients. The results of this study indicated a high prevalence of early stress that, although not associated with the other variables, is shown relevant in the life of these patients. Studies on early stress and BD, relationship between service / patient / family and coping strategies in the community context may indicate better ways of treatment and implementation of public policies that guarantee a better quality of life for these patients
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Varela, Roger Bitencourt. "Investigação pré-clínica dos efeitos do tratamento com butirato de sódio sobre o comportamento e níveis de neurotrofinas em ratos submetidos a modelos animais de mania ou depressão." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UNESC, 2015. http://repositorio.unesc.net/handle/1/4005.
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Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde como requisito parcial para obtenção do título de Mestre em Ciências da Saúde.Os transtornos neuropsiquiátricos, que incluem distúrbios neurológicos e psiquiátricos, são responsáveis por 13% da carga global de doenças. Dentre eles, a depressão e o transtorno bipolar possuem um número bastante representativo de pacientes. Diversos estudos têm demonstrado que esses dois transtornos são acompanhados de um representativo dano cognitivo, afetando principalmente a memória e causando um prejuízo na qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Apesar da gravidade desses transtornos, ainda existe uma lacuna muito grande no tratamento e na eficácia terapêutica de antidepressivos e estabilizadores de humor, sendo de extrema importância o estudo de novos compostos e novas abordagens terapêuticas. Esses transtornos possuem uma neurobiologia complexa e pouco conhecida, porém algumas vias parecem estar envolvidas na sua fisiopatologia. As neutrofinas são proteínas relacionadas á plasticidade, crescimento e sobrevivência neuronal, sendo o fator neurotófico derivado do cérebro (BDNF), fator neurotrófico do nervo (NGF) e fator neurotófico derivado da glia (GDNF) os fatores neurotróficos mais importantes e é cada vez mais relatada alterações nos níveis dessas proteínas em pacientes com transtornos do humor. Estudos mostram que o butirato de sódio, um inibidor de histonas deacetilases, é capaz de controlar o comportamento e cognição através da modulação de mecanismos epigenéticos, e por esse motivo seus efeitos antidepressivos e antimaníacos têm sido estudado para sua aplicação como um possível agente terapêutico para os transtornos do humor. Portanto, o presente estudo tem como objetivo avaliar os efeitos do tratamento com butirato de sódio em ratos Wistar adultos, sobre os parâmetros comportamentais e níveis de BDNF, NGF e GDNF em cérebro de ratos submetidos a modelos animais de mania e depressão. Para isso, dois grupos de animais foram submetidos aos modelos animais de depressão induzido por estresse crônico moderado ou privação materna e tratados com injeções intraperitoneais de butirato de sódio durante sete dias. Após o tratamento, os animais foram submetidos aos testes comportamentais de campo aberto e nado forçado e o teste de memória de reconhecimento de objetos seguidos pela avaliação de BDNF, NGF e GDNF no hipocampo. Um terceiro grupo de animais foi submetido ao modelo animal de mania induzido por ouabaína e tratado durante sete dias com butirato de sódio. Após o tratamento os animais foram submetidos ao teste do campo aberto seguido pela avaliação de BDNF, NGF e GDNF no hipocampo e córtex pré-frontal. Os animais submetidos ao modelo animal de depressão apresentaram tempo de imobilidade aumentado no teste de nado forçado, assim como prejuízo na memória de curta e longa duração, porém o tratamento com butirato reverteu esses danos. O modelo de mania causou hiperatividade nos ratos e o tratamento com butirato também reverteu esse comportamento. Ambos os modelos, de depressão e mania, reduziram os níveis de neurotrofinas em todas as estruturas cerebrais e o tratamento com butirato foi capaz de reverter total ou parcialmente essa redução. Como o butirato de sódio facilita a transcrição gênica inibindo as histonas deacetilase, pode-se sugerir que os efeitos antimaníacos e antidepressivos do butirato de sódio se devem ao aumento da transcrição e níveis das neurotrofinas no cérebro. Estes resultados ressaltam a importância de mais estudos com histonas deacetilases em modelos animais para melhor elucidar o papel da epigenética na fisiopatologia e tratamento dos transtornos do humor.
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Shansis, Flavio Milman. "Escalas de avaliação do estado maníaco e de depressão : concordância na resposta a medicações estabilizadoras do humor em pacientes bipolares com sintomatologia mista." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/127226.
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Introdução: Comparados com pacientes bipolares com episódios maníacos/hipomaníacos e depressivos, os que apresentam estados mistos tendem a curso mais grave da doença, início mais precoce, ocorrência mais frequente de sintomas psicóticos, maior risco de suicídio, altas taxas de comorbidade e tempo maior para remissão. Portanto, medidas objetivas de avaliação desses estados são necessárias. Objetivo:Avaliar a concordância entre três pares formados por uma de três escalas de mania (Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), Bech-Rafaelsen Mania Scale (BRMS) ou Clinician-Administered Rating Scale for Mania (CARS-M)) e uma de depressão (21-item Hamilton Depression) na avaliação da resposta a estabilizadores do humor em pacientes mistos. Método:Sessenta e oito (n=68) consecutivos pacientes ambulatoriais bipolares Tipo I e II com sintomatologia mista pelo DSM-IV-TR e pelos critérios de Cincinatti foram incluídos nesse estudo aberto de 8 semanas entre 2010 e 2014 foram randomizados para receberem em monoterapia, ácido valproico, carbamazepina ou carbonato de lítio. Resultados: O padrão de resposta (diminuição de, pelo menos, 50% em uma das escalas de mania e na de depressão) foi muito semelhante: 21-HAM-D + YMRS = 22,1%, 21-HAM-D + BRMS = 20,6% e 21-HAM-D + CARS-M = 23,5%; p < 0,368). Os resultados referentes à concordância de resposta revelam valores de kappa bastante altos: 21-HAM-D + YMRS X 21-HAM-D + CARS-M , Kappa = 0,87; 21-HAM-D + YMRS X 21-HAM-D + BRMS, Kappa = 0,78 e 21-HAM-D + CARS-M X 21-HAM-D + BRMS, Kappa = 0,91 (p < 0,001). Conclusões:O presente estudo sugere que qualquer uma das três escalas de mania utilizadas (YMRS, BRMS, CARS-M) pode ser associada à 21-HAM-D na avaliação da resposta em bipolares mistos.Background: Compared with patients with bipolar disorder who exhibit pure manic/hypomanic or depressive episodes, the presence of mixed mood states is associated with a more severe course of illness, younger age of onset, more frequent ocurrence of psychotic symptoms, major risk of suicide, higher rates of comorbidities and longer time to achieve remission. Therefore, objective avaliation of these states are necessary. Objective: To evaluate the concorccance amog three pairs of three scales (Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), Bech-Rafaelsen Mania Scale (BRMS) or Clinician-Administered Rating Scale for Mania (CARS-M)) and a depression scale (21-item Hamilton Depression) in the assessment of response to humor stabizator drugs in mix bipolar patients. Methods: Sixty eight (n=68) consecutive bipolar type I and II outpatients with mixed sitomatology accordint to DSM-IV-TR and Cincinatti Criteria were included in these 8 weeks open-trial, from 2010 through 2014, to, randomly, receive monotherapy valporic acid, carbamazepine or lithium carbonate. Results: The response answer (decrease of, at least 50 %, in one of the mania and depression scales) were very similar: 21-HAM-D + YMRS = 22.1%, 21-HAM-D + BRMS = 20.6% e 21-HAM-D + CARS-M = 23.5%; p < 0,368). The kappa values were : 21-HAM-D + YMRS X 21-HAM-D + CARS-M , Kappa = 0.87; 21-HAM-D + YMRS X 21-HAM-D + BRMS, Kappa = 0.78 e 21-HAM-D + CARS-M X 21-HAM-D + BRMS, Kappa = 0.91 (p < 0,001). Conclusions: The present study suggests that any of the three mania scales used (YMRS, BRMS, CARS-M) may be associated to 21-HAM-D in the assessment of the response o bipolar patients.
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Stroppa, André Lúcio Pinto Coelho. "Espiritualidade, depressão e qualidade de vida no transtorno bipolar do humor: um estudo prospectivo de dois anos." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2018. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/6688.
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Contexto: Apesar do grande número de estudos encontrados na literatura sobre as relações entre religiosidade/espiritualidade e depressão, outros transtornos mentais e doenças físicas, há uma carência de pesquisas acerca do impacto da religiosidade/espiritualidade em pacientes bipolares, notadamente de estudos longitudinais. Objetivos: Investigar as possíveis relações entre diversas dimensões de religiosidade/espiritualidade sobre sintomas de depressão, mania e qualidade de vida em um estudo longitudinal de 24 meses. Métodos: Estudo observacional longitudinal de dois anos acrescido de aspectos qualitativos, com 168 pacientes bipolares ambulatoriais, avaliando dados sócio demográficos, sintomas de mania (Young Mania Rating Scale), depressão (Montgomery–Asberg Depression Rating Scale), religiosidade (Duke Religious Index), coping religioso (Brief RCOPE) e qualidade de vida (World Health Organization Quality of Life–Brief Version). Análises de regressão linear da associação entre indicadores religiosos e variáveis clínicas foram controladas por variáveis sociodemográficas. Resultados: Entre os 158 pacientes reavaliados após dois anos, Coping Religioso Positivo em T1 predisse melhor qualidade de vida em todos os seus quatro domínios: físico (β 10,2; 95%CI; 4,2–16,1), mental (β 13,4; 95%CI; 7,1–19,7), social (β 10,5; 95%CI, 3,6–17,33) e ambiental (β 11,1; 95%CI; 6,2–16,1) em T2, dois anos depois. Coping Religioso Negativo em T1 predisse pior saúde mental (β -28,1; 95%CI; -52,06– -4,2) e ambiental (β -20,4; 95%CI; -39,3– -1,6) em qualidade de vida. Religiosidade Intrínseca em T1 predisse melhor qualidade de vida ambiental (β 9,56; 95%CI; 2,76–16,36) em T2. Coping Religioso Negativo em T1 predisse sintomas maníacos (β 4.1) em T2. Na investigação qualitativa, 88,2% dos sujeitos relataram que sua fé ajudou a lidar com sua doença e o apoio de sua comunidade religiosa em relação ao tratamento foi apontado por 35,3%. Não houve relato de oposição de líderes religiosos ao tratamento. Limitações: Este é um estudo observacional, inferências causais devem ser feitas com cautela. Conclusão: religiosidade/espiritualidade pode influenciar a qualidade de vida de pacientes com transtorno bipolar, mesmo quando em eutimia. Usar religiosidade/espiritualidade (especialmente coping religioso positivo e negativo) em intervenções psicossociais podem contribuir para melhorar a qualidade de vida de pacientes com transtorno bipolar.
Background: Although several studies have examined the relationship between religiosity/spirituality and depression, there is little research examining the effect of religious involvement on the course of bipolar disorder. This study investigated the effects of religious activity and coping behaviors on the course of depression, mania and quality of life in patients with bipolar disorder. Methods: Two-year longitudinal study of 168 outpatients with bipolar disorder. Linear regression was used to examine associations between religious predictors and outcome variables (manic symptoms, depression, and quality of life), controlling for sociodemographic variables. Results: Among the 158 patients reassessed after two years, positive religious coping at T1 (baseline) predicted better quality of life across all four domains: physical (β 10.2, 95%CI, 4.2 - 16.1), mental (β 13.4; 95%CI; 7.1–19.7), social (β 10.5; 95%CI; 3.6–17.33) and environmental (β 11.1; 95%CI; 6.2–16.1) at T2 (2-years later). Negative religious coping at T1 predicted worse mental (β -28.1; 95%CI; -52.06– -4.2) and environmental (β -20.4; 95%CI; -39.3– -1.6) quality of life. Intrinsic religiosity at T1 predicted better environmental quality of life (β 9.56; 95%CI; 2.76–16.36) at T2. Negative religious coping at T1 predicted manic symptoms (β 4.1) at T2. In the qualitative research, 88.2% of the subjects reported that their faith helped to cope with their illness and the support of their religious community regarding the treatment was pointed out by 35.3%, there was no report of opposition of religious leaders to the treatment. Limitations: This is an observational study, causal inferences must be made cautiously. Conclusions: religiosity/spirituality may influence the quality of life of patients with bipolar disorder over time, even among euthymic patients. Targeting religiosity/spirituality (especially positive and negative religious coping) in psychosocial interventions may enhance the quality of recovery in patients with bipolar disorder.
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O'Curry, Sara L. "Is mania a defence against depression?" Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302186.
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Bennett, Charles B. "Independence of Mania and Depression across 4 Years in Bipolar Disorder." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2019. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1505184/.
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If mania and depression are part of the same pathological processes, one would predict that episodes of one prospectively increase the odds of episodes of the other. The aim of the present study was to test this hypothesis. For comparison purposes, their relationship was contrasted to the relationship between mania and periods of psychosis. Exploratory analyses also tested the degree to which episodes of each occur with greater frequency over time (i.e., kindling). Participants for the present study came from the Suffolk County Mental Health Project (N = 628), a study of first-admission patients with psychosis. Of these participants, 144 met diagnostic criteria for bipolar I disorder and were analyzed for the current study. Results indicated that mania in a given month predicted depression the following month, even after controlling for other symptoms. The reverse, however, was not the case. Mania and psychosis, in contrast, were found to be robust predictors of one another from month to month. Effects were not due to treatment or demographic differences. These findings provide evidence that mania and depression are weakly related. In contrast, mania and psychosis are more closely linked. Findings are consistent with suggestions that psychiatric nosology regroup mania more closely with thought disorders rather than with internalizing or depressive ones. They also alert clinicians to the strong, longitudinal persistence and comorbidity among these syndromes.
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Bowden, Hannah Mary. "A phenomenological study of mania and depression." Thesis, Durham University, 2013. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/9456/.
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In this thesis I develop a cohesive phenomenological account of mania and depression. Whilst phenomenological insights have been applied to a number of psychiatric disorders – most notably schizophrenia – mania, depression, and bipolar disorder have been neglected. In developing my account I challenge the common understanding of mania and depression as opposed. Through an examination of bodily and temporal experiences in mania and depression I unearth deeper structural commonalities. This allows for greater insight into the relationship between the two states and casts light on ‘mixed episodes’, where features of mania and depression co-occur. In my exploration of bodily experience I argue for an understanding of the depressed body as ‘corporealized’. I show how this helps us to understand common descriptions of the body and the world found in first person accounts. I challenge the intuitive distinction between the body as 'active and invisible' and 'inactive and conspicuous' by showing that the manic body is both conspicuous and active. I argue that we can enhance our understanding of this bodily experience through an appreciation of the associated temporal experience. Turning to the topic of time, I reveal the inadequacies of accounts that suggest that alterations in experiences of time in mania and depression are restricted to changes in temporal velocity. Using the Husserlian concepts of ‘retention’ and ‘protention’ I develop a new model of temporal experience in mania and depression, arguing that in addition to changes in temporal 'velocity' we also find changes in temporal structure. This account allows us to understand common experiences in mania, including feelings of grandiosity, a loss of reflection, and the active yet conspicuous body. Likewise, it casts light on experiences common in depression, including guilt, a perception of recovery as impossible, and feelings of separation from others.
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Wilson, Daniel Richard. "The evolutionary epidemiology of manic-depression." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.624881.
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Murphy, Fionnuala Catherine. "The neuropsychology of depression and mania : cognitive and emotional processes." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.621909.
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Tzemou, Efstathia. "Cognitive vulnerability in manic-depression : a prospective study." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.273942.
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Pini, Stefano, Queiroz Valéria de, Daniel Pagnin, Lukas Pezawas, Jules Angst, Giovanni B. Cassano, and Hans-Ulrich Wittchen. "Prevalence and burden of bipolar disorders in European countries." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-110193.
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A literature search, supplemented by an expert survey and selected reanalyses of existing data from epidemiological studies was performed to determine the prevalence and associated burden of bipolar I and II disorder in EU countries. Only studies using established diagnostic instruments based on DSM-III-R or DSM-IV, or ICD-10 criteria were considered. Fourteen studies from a total of 10 countries were identified. The majority of studies reported 12-month estimates of approximately 1% (range 0.5–1.1%), with little evidence of a gender difference. The cumulative lifetime incidence (two prospective-longitudinal studies) is slightly higher (1.5–2%); and when the wider range of bipolar spectrum disorders is considered estimates increased to approximately 6%. Few studies have reported separate estimates for bipolar I and II disorders. Age of first onset of bipolar disorder is most frequently reported in late adolescence and early adulthood. A high degree of concurrent and sequential comorbidity with other mental disorders and physical illnesses is common. Most studies suggest equally high or even higher levels of impairments and disabilities of bipolar disorders as compared to major depression and schizophrenia. Few data are available on treatment and health care utilization.
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Pickett, Lewis. ""In What Particular Thought to Work": Hamlet and Manic-Depression." TopSCHOLAR®, 1996. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/797.
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By means of contemporary diagnostic criteria, Prince Hamlet may be demonstrated to be a Bi-Polar I Manic Depressive. Because current genetic research suggests that this disease is inherited, it is logical to ask if Claudius also suffers from this disorder. It can be demonstrated that he does. We may conclude that Claudius murdered the late King of Denmark during a manic episode similar to the one in which Hamlet kills Polonius.
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Kilmer, Jared Newman. "Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory and Proposed Personality Traits for the Dsm-v: Association with Mood Disorder Symptoms." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2013. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc271842/.
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The current work assesses the relationship between reinforcement sensitivity theory (RST) and Personality Traits for the DSM-5 (PID-5), to explore the degree to which they are associated with mood disorder symptoms. Participants (N = 138) from a large public university in the South were administered a semi-structured interview to assess for current mood disorder and anxiety symptoms. They were also administered self-report inventories, including the Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS) and Behavioral Approach System (BAS) scales and the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5). Results indicate that both the BIS/BAS scales and the PID-5 scales were strongly associated with current mood symptoms. However, the maladaptive personality traits demonstrated significantly greater associations with symptoms compared to the BIS/BAS scales. Results also indicated support for using a 2-factor model of BIS as opposed to a single factor model. Personality models (such as the five factor model) are strongly associated with mood symptoms. Results from this study add to the literature by demonstrating credibility of an alternative five-factor model of personality focused on maladaptive traits. Knowledge of individual maladaptive personality profiles can be easily obtained and used to influence case conceptualizations and create treatment plans in clinical settings.
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Deliyannis, George. "A study of discursive themes and narative structures in manic-depression experience /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1996. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ARPS/09arpsd355.pdf.
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Pini, Stefano, Queiroz Valéria de, Daniel Pagnin, Lukas Pezawas, Jules Angst, Giovanni B. Cassano, and Hans-Ulrich Wittchen. "Prevalence and burden of bipolar disorders in European countries." Technische Universität Dresden, 2005. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A26819.
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A literature search, supplemented by an expert survey and selected reanalyses of existing data from epidemiological studies was performed to determine the prevalence and associated burden of bipolar I and II disorder in EU countries. Only studies using established diagnostic instruments based on DSM-III-R or DSM-IV, or ICD-10 criteria were considered. Fourteen studies from a total of 10 countries were identified. The majority of studies reported 12-month estimates of approximately 1% (range 0.5–1.1%), with little evidence of a gender difference. The cumulative lifetime incidence (two prospective-longitudinal studies) is slightly higher (1.5–2%); and when the wider range of bipolar spectrum disorders is considered estimates increased to approximately 6%. Few studies have reported separate estimates for bipolar I and II disorders. Age of first onset of bipolar disorder is most frequently reported in late adolescence and early adulthood. A high degree of concurrent and sequential comorbidity with other mental disorders and physical illnesses is common. Most studies suggest equally high or even higher levels of impairments and disabilities of bipolar disorders as compared to major depression and schizophrenia. Few data are available on treatment and health care utilization.
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Paradiso, Krista Michelle. "Manic-Depression in America: Gendered and Narrative Constructions of Mental Health and Illness." The Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1392980305.
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Harvey, Norman Stewart. "Lithium treatment." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.321423.
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Silva, Niroshini Manthri. "Bovine inositol monophosphatase : metal ion interactions." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.310653.
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Collen, Alistair. "Early-warning signs in manic-depression : a prospective longitudinal study of four single cases." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.320831.
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A prospective, longitudinal study was undertaken to examine the occurrence and form of prodromal symptoms in four individuals with bipolar affective disorder. Daily, selfreport ratings were made of mood, sleep, six early warning signs and the degree of concern which subjects felt about the current state of their mental health. Two subjects completed 6 months', and two subjects 3 months', worth of daily, weekly and fortnightly record keeping. Three subjects displayed persistent and marked day-to-day fluctuations in symptoms during periods of affective illness. One subject became hypomanic during the course of the study. His data suggested a model of early warning signs as covarying subclinical symptoms, the fluctuations of which increased in their amplitude as the mean level of their intensity rose. Where elements of this model could be tested on the data of the other three subjects, their results were found to be not inconsistent with this model. In view of the potential practical implications of these observations, for the use of early warning signs in self-management strategies, it was suggested that further research should be undertaken. This preliminary study had demonstrated the merit and feasibly of the method employed. However, it was anticipated that subjects who could be recruited for a future study might still not be representative of the wider bipolar population. In addition, some modifications to the present design were discussed.
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Lyon, Helen Michelle. "Social cognition and the manic defence : attributions, selective attention and self-schema in bipolar affective disorder." Thesis, Bangor University, 2000. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/social-cognition-and-the-manic-defence-attributions-selective-attention-and-selfschema-in-bipolar-affective-disorder(72447264-6a15-4ba9-8584-1f375c96c627).html.
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Psychological studies in bipolar affective disorder and analogue conditions suggest that mania may be the product of an abnormal defence against depression. In this study, currently manic bipolar individuals, currently depressed bipolar individuals, and normal controls were assessed using explicit and implicit measures of attributional style, an emotional Stroop test with euphoria-related and depression-related words and a recall measure of the selfschema. Manic individuals showed a normal self-serving bias on a version of the explicit attributional style questionnaire, attributing positive events more than negative events to self, in contrast to bipolar-depressed individuals who attributed negative events more than positive events to self. However, on an implicit test of attributional style, both manic and bipolar-depressed individuals attributed negative events more than positive events to self. Both bipolar-manic and bipolar-depressed individuals demonstrated slowed colour naming for depression-related but not euphoriarelated words on an emotional Stroop test. Manic individuals, like normal controls, endorsed primarily positive words as true to self on a self referent questionnaire, but like bipolar-depressed individuals, recalled primarily negative words in a surprise recall test afterwards. Findings from the implicit tests therefore indicate a common form of psychological organisation in manic and depressed individuals, whereas the contrasts between the scores on the implicit and explicit measures are in accord with the hypothesis of a manic-defence. Future avenues for research and implications for treatment are discussed.
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Whitworth, Paul. "Functional studies of the effect of lithium on calcium-mobilising receptors in the brain." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.253053.
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El-Badri, Selim Mohamed. "Neurobiological changes in bipolar affective disorder." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.242439.
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Stols, Gabriël Jacobus. "Paediatric bipolar disorder and the lived experience of parents: a systematic review." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/6040.
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Many international studies have been conducted on paediatric bipolar disorder, but few research studies have been conducted on parenting a child diagnosed with bipolar disorder, both on an international and national level. The researcher utilised Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems Theory as the theoretical framework in exploring and describing this research field. The study has been conducted by means of a systematic review and all of the articles included in the review examined some aspect of parenting and paediatric bipolar disorder. The articles were systematically assessed, and six themes emerged which include: paediatric bipolar on the rise; the effects of paediatric bipolar disorder, post-paediatric bipolar disorder; managing paediatric bipolar disorder is a family responsibility; foundations for effective parenting; and supporting parents of a paediatric bipolar patient.
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Strömander, Inger. "Psykometriska egenskaper hos Affektiv självskattningsskala, AS-18, för patienter med bipolär sjukdom, typ I och typ II." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Psykologiska institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-103386.
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I syfte att undersöka psykometriska egenskaper hos Affektiv självskattningsskala (AS-18) fyllde 88 patienter med diagnos bipolär typ I (N=46) eller typ II (N=42) i självskattningsskalorna AS-18 och MADRS-S vid två tillfällen med en dags mellanrum. Principalkomponentsanalys för AS-18 genomfördes med extrahering av två komponenter. Items laddade i de delskalor de tillhörde. Intern konsistens mättes med Cronbachs alfa och överensstämmelse med Cohens kappa. Test-retest-reliabiliteten beräknades. Grupperna bipolär typ I och typ II skiljde sig inte åt, vid rutinuppföljningsbesök, vad gäller skattning av mani eller depression. Studien gällande AS-18 visade att faktorstrukturen från tidigare studier kunde bekräftas, att test-retest-reliabiliteten var hög och att AS-18 är användbar även för patienter med bipolär typ II-diagnos. Skalan hade sammanfattningsvis goda psykometriska egenskaper.Psykoterapeutexamensarbete (PTU)
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Badyal, Rajji Rani. "Structural and functional studies on bovine inositol monophosphatase." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.342652.
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Fernandes, Laila da Silva Asth. "Efeitos in vivo e in vitro de agonistas parciais do receptor NOP: implica??es para o tratamento da ansiedade, depress?o e mania." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2016. http://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/21010.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq
Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES)
Introdu??o: Este trabalho investigou os efeitos de dois agonistas parciais pept?dicos, UFP-113 e [F/G]N/OFQ(1-13)NH2, e um agonista parcial n?o pept?dico, AT-090, do receptor NOP no comportamento emocional de camundongos, bem como as vias de transdu??o do sinal decorrentes da liga??o destas mol?culas com o receptor NOP. M?todos: Foram utilizados camundongos machos, das linhagens Swiss e CD-1, al?m dos nocautes para o receptor NOP (NOP(-/-)) e seus controles selvagens NOP(+/+). O labirinto em cruz elevado (LCE) foi utilizado para avaliar o efeito dos compostos sobre a ansiedade. O diazepam e os agonistas do receptor NOP, N/OFQ e Ro 65-6570, foram utilizados como controles positivos no LCE. Os camundongos NOP(+/+) e NOP(-/-) foram utilizados na avalia??o da seletividade de a??o dos compostos com efeito do tipo ansiol?tico. O teste da nata??o for?ada (TNF) foi utilizado a fim de se avaliar os efeitos dos compostos sobre o comportamento do tipo depressivo. A nortriptilina e os antagonistas do receptor NOP, UFP-101 e SB-612111, foram utilizados como controles positivos no TNF. As a??es da N/OFQ, UFP-101, SB-612111, UFP-113, [F/G]N/OFQ(1-13)NH2 e AT-090 foram ainda avaliadas no teste de hiperlocomo??o induzida pelo metilfenidato (HIM), onde o valproato foi utilizado como controle positivo. A influ?ncia do UFP-113 e [F/G]N/OFQ(1-13)NH2 na atividade locomotora foi testada no campo aberto. As vias de transdu??o do sinal (prote?na G e ?-arrestina 2) dos agonistas (N/OFQ e Ro 65-6570), do antagonista (UFP-101) e dos agonistas parciais (UFP-113, [F/G]N/OFQ(1-13)NH2 e AT-090) do receptor NOP foram investigadas por meio da avalia??o da transfer?ncia de energia por resson?ncia de bioluminesc?ncia (BRET). Para isso, foram usadas c?lulas co-expressando o receptor NOP acoplado ? luciferase (doador de energia), e a prote?na verde fluorescente (aceptor de energia) acoplada a uma das prote?nas efetoras: prote?na G ou a ?-arrestina 2. Resultados: Diazepam (1 mg/kg), N/OFQ (1 nmol), Ro 65-6570 (0,1 mg/kg) e AT-090 (0,01 mg/kg) apresentaram efeito do tipo ansiol?tico no LCE. Os efeitos do Ro 65-6570 e do AT-090 foram devidos a ativa??o seletiva do receptor NOP, uma vez que ambos foram inativos em camundongos NOP(-/-) expostos ao LCE. Em contraste, UFP-113 e [F/G]N/OFQ(1-13)NH2 foram inativos no LCE. No TNF, nortriptilina (30 mg/kg), UFP-101 (10 nmol), SB-612111 (10 mg/kg), UFP-113 (0,01 e 0,1 nmol) e [F/G]N/OFQ(1-13)NH2 (0,3 e 1 nmol) apresentaram efeito do tipo antidepressivo, diferentemente do AT-090, que foi inativo neste teste. Os efeitos do UFP-113 e do [F/G]N/OFQ(1-13)NH2 foram devidos a ativa??o seletiva do receptor NOP, uma vez que o pr?-tratamento com N/OFQ preveniu o efeito do tipo antidepressivo de ambos. O metilfenidato (MF, 10 mg/kg) induziu hiperlocomo??o nos camundongos expostos ao campo aberto, que foi prevenida pelo valproato (400 mg/kg). A N/OFQ (1 nmol), assim como UFP-113 (0,01-0,1 nmol) e [F/G]N/OFQ(1-13)NH2 (1 nmol), foram capazes em reduzir a hiperlocomo??o induzida pelo MF, sem alterar a locomo??o per se. O efeito do UFP-113 decorreu da ativa??o seletiva do receptor NOP, uma vez que foi inativo em camundongos NOP(-/-) expostos ao teste da HIM. Em contraste, o UFP-101 (10 nmol), assim como SB-612111 (10 mg/kg) e AT-090 (0,001-0,03 mg/kg) n?o alteraram o aumento na locomo??o induzido pelo MF. Tanto o UFP-113 quanto o [F/G]N/OFQ(1-13)NH2 induziram hipolocomo??o nas maiores doses testadas (1 e 3 nmol, respectivamente). In vitro, tanto a N/OFQ quanto o Ro 65-6570, promoveram a intera??o do receptor NOP com a prote?na G e com a ?-arrestina 2 de forma concentra??o-dependente, comportando-se como agonistas plenos do receptor NOP em ambas as vias de transdu??o. O AT-090, UFP-113 e [F/G]N/OFQ(1-13)NH2 promoveram a intera??o do receptor NOP com a prote?na G com efeitos m?ximos significativamente reduzidos em rela??o a N/OFQ. O AT-090 foi capaz de induzir o recrutamento da ?-arrestina 2 novamente com efeitos m?ximos reduzidos em rela??o a N/OFQ, enquanto o UFP-113 e o [F/G]N/OFQ(1-13)NH2 falharam em induzir o recrutamento da ?-arrestina 2. Portanto, AT-090 se comportou como agonista parcial em ambas as vias de transdu??o, enquanto UFP-113 e [F/G]N/OFQ(1-13)NH2 se comportaram como agonistas parciais e antagonistas, respectivamente, nas vias de transdu??o da prote?na G e da ?-arrestina 2. O UFP-101 n?o promoveu o recrutamento da prote?na G, nem da ?-arrestina 2, se comportando como antagonista do receptor NOP em ambas as vias de transdu??o. Conclus?o: Ligantes do receptor NOP que produzem o mesmo efeito na intera??o do receptor NOP com a prote?na G (agonismo parcial), s?o capazes de induzir efeitos opostos no recrutamento da ?-arrestina 2 (agonismo parcial vs antagonismo). Essas diferen?as no recrutamento da ?-arrestina 2 podem promover efeitos distintos sobre a ansiedade e o humor, como foi verificado nos testes comportamentais. Este trabalho corrobora o potencial do receptor NOP como uma ferramenta farmacol?gica inovadora no tratamento de transtornos emocionais.
Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the effects of the two peptide NOP partial agonists (UFP-113 and [F/G]N/OFQ(1-13)NH2) and the non peptide NOP partial agonist (AT-090) in the mouse emotional behavior as well as in the intracellular transduction pathways following the receptor binding. Methods: Male Swiss or CD-1 mice were used in this study together with NOP(+/+) and NOP(-/-) mice. The elevated plus maze (EPM) was used to evaluate the effects of compounds on anxiety-like behaviors. Diazepam and the NOP agonists, N/OFQ and Ro 65-6570, were used as positive controls in the EPM. NOP(+/+) and NOP(-/-) mice were used to evaluate the selectivity of those compounds that induced anxiolytic-like behaviors. The forced swim test (FST) was used to evaluate the effects of compounds on depressive-like behaviors. Nortriptyline and the NOP antagonists, UFP-101 and SB-612111, were used as positive controls in the FST. The effects of N/OFQ, UFP-101, SB-612111, UFP-113, [F/G]N/OFQ(1-13)NH2, and AT-090 were assessed in the methylphenidate-induced hyperlocomotion (MIH) test; in this assay valproate was used as positive control. The G protein and ?-arrestin 2 transduction pathways of NOP receptor agonists (N/OFQ and Ro 65-6570), antagonist (UFP-101), and partial agonists (UFP-113, [F/G]N/OFQ(1-13)NH2, and AT-090) were also evaluated using an innovative assay that measures a bioluminescence resonance energy transfer process. For this, cell lines permanently co-expressing the NOP receptor coupled to luciferase (energy donor), and green fluorescent protein (energy acceptor) coupled to one of the effector proteins (G protein or ?-arrestin 2) were used. Results: Diazepam (1 mg/kg), N/OFQ (1 nmol), Ro 65-6570 (0.1 mg/kg), and AT-090 (0.01 mg/kg) induced anxiolytic-like effect in mice in the EPM. The effects of Ro 65-6570 and AT-090 were selective to NOP receptor. UFP-113 (0.01-1 nmol) and [F/G]N/OFQ(1-13)NH2 (0.1-3 nmol) were inactive in the EPM. In the FST, nortriptyline (30 mg/kg), UFP-101 (10 nmol), SB-612111 (10 mg/kg), UFP-113 (0.01 and 0.1 nmol), and [F/G]N/OFQ(1-13)NH2 (0.3 and 1 nmol) induced antidepressant-like effects, while AT-090 (0.001-0.1 mg/kg) was inactive in this assay. The effects of UFP-113 and [F/G]N/OFQ(1-13)NH2 were selective to NOP receptor. Valproate (400 mg/kg) counteracted methylphenidate (MPH, 10 mg/kg)-induced hyperlocomotion in mice in the open field. N/OFQ (1 nmol), UFP-113 (0.01-0.1 nmol), and [F/G]N/OFQ(1-13)NH2 (1 nmol) were also able to reduce the MPH-induced hyperlocomotion, without changing the locomotor activity per se. The effect of UFP-113 was selective to NOP receptor. The UFP-101 (10 nmol), SB-612111 (10 mg/kg), and AT-090 (0.001-0.03 mg/kg) did not change the hyperlocomotor effect of methylphenidate. In vitro, N/OFQ and Ro 65-6570 behaved as NOP full agonists for G-protein and ?-arrestin 2 pathways. AT-090 behaved as NOP receptor partial agonist for both transduction pathways, while UFP-113 and [F/G]N/OFQ(1-13)NH2 behaved as partial agonists and antagonists of NOP receptor for NOP/G protein and NOP/?-arrestin 2, respectively. UFP-101 behaved as NOP receptor antagonist for both transduction pathways. Conclusion: NOP ligands producing same effects on NOP/G protein interaction (partial agonism), but with opposite effects on ?-arrestin 2 recruitment (partial agonism vs antagonism), can promote different in vivo effects on anxiety and mood as it was observed in the behavioral tests. This work corroborates the potential of NOP receptor as an innovative pharmacological target for the treatment of emotional disorders.
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Nadkarni-DeAngelis, Radha Bhaskar. "Clinical Course of Children with a Depressive Spectrum Disorder and Transient Manic Symptoms." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1242225627.
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Johnson, Mark Harvard. "The relationship of mood-state and severity psychopathology to memory processes in paranoid schizophrenic, nonparanoid schizophrenic, bipolar manic and unipolar depressed inpatients /." The Ohio State University, 1985. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487260531956406.
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Juhl, Maria. "Att leva med bipolär sjukdom : en intervjustudie." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för kemi och biomedicin (KOB), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-26489.
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Bipolär sjukdom (BS) är en kronisk sjukdom med återkommande perioder av mani och depression. Den bryter oftast fram i tonåren men i många fall diagnostiseras den inte förrän patienten är runt 30 år. Behandling för BS är livslång medicinering med stämningsstabiliserande läkemedel, i första hand litium, kombinerat med anti-depressiva läkemedel och anti-psykotiska läkemedel. Läkemedelsbehandling kombineras med psykoedukativ behandling eller kognitivbeteende terapi (KBT). En intensivbehandling följer efter det att diagnosen är ställd och det tar ofta upp till 2 år för patienten att hitta en balans i livet. Syftet med denna studie är att få en uppfattning om hur det är att leva med bipolär sjukdom. Det är en kvalitativ intervjustudie och för att besvara syftet har läkarkontakt, patientkontakt, och anhörigkontakt tagits. Totalt deltog två läkare, sex patienter och fyra anhöriga. Att leva med BS innebär för de flesta att det dagliga livet är präglat av rutiner. Man skall ständigt vara vaksam på hur man mår och kanske justera mediciner eller vidta andra åtgärder. Det är viktigt att inte endast patienten utan även anhöriga, som ofta tillsammans med personal från vården utgör ett viktigt stöd, får ökad kunskap om sjukdomen så att man förstår varför det är viktigt med medicineringen. Det är även viktigt att anhöriga får stöd, eftersom det påverkar också deras liv mycket. Sammanfattningsvis, livet går från att vara kaotiskt till att vara fokuserat där patienten börjar fungera normalt igen. Viktiga faktorer för att må bra är lugn och ro, rutiner, sömn och regelbundna måltider. Medicineringen är viktig men det tar ofta tid att finna den rätta kombinationen, eftersom det är individuellt hur man svarar. Vissa upplever biverkningarna som negativa - minskad kreativitet, ökad vikt och sämre minne, medan andra märker nästan inte av dem. Anhöriga får inte alltid stöd från vården som de enligt Socialstyrelsen skall få, men vissa har hittat andra fora som hjälper dem. Läkarna finner stor tillfredsställelse med patienternas förbättring och menar att dagens medicin fungerar väl. Dock finns förhoppningen att det kan utvecklas bättre läkemedel som ger färre eller inga biverkningar.
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Meagher, Brendan University of Ballarat. "Clinical placement reports and professional and ethical issues reports." University of Ballarat, 2006. http://archimedes.ballarat.edu.au:8080/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/12760.
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"The first report describes a case of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) in a pregnant women living in regional Australia. It begins with a discussion of issues of relevance to the treatment of a pregnant woman with MDD. It also describes the evidence based treatment provided and the results achieved for this client. The second report follows the same format to describe a case of PTSD in a married mother living in regional Australia following a suicide attempt. The third report describes a case of Bipolar I disorder in a separated mother living in regional Australia. Finally, fourth report explores the professional and ethical issues associated with the practice of clinical psychology [...]. This report explores professional issues which include self-care requirements and strategies, initial client contact, communication with colleagues and professional development and client records. Ethical issues covered include professional competency, termination of relationships and confidentiality."Doctor of Psychology (Clinical)
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Meagher, Brendan. "Clinical placement reports and professional and ethical issues reports." University of Ballarat, 2006. http://archimedes.ballarat.edu.au:8080/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/14595.
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"The first report describes a case of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) in a pregnant women living in regional Australia. It begins with a discussion of issues of relevance to the treatment of a pregnant woman with MDD. It also describes the evidence based treatment provided and the results achieved for this client. The second report follows the same format to describe a case of PTSD in a married mother living in regional Australia following a suicide attempt. The third report describes a case of Bipolar I disorder in a separated mother living in regional Australia. Finally, fourth report explores the professional and ethical issues associated with the practice of clinical psychology [...]. This report explores professional issues which include self-care requirements and strategies, initial client contact, communication with colleagues and professional development and client records. Ethical issues covered include professional competency, termination of relationships and confidentiality."Doctor of Psychology (Clinical)
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Goldstein, Ioana, and Lilly Yifter. "Livskvalitet hos vuxna med bipolär sjukdom : En litteraturöversikt." Thesis, Sophiahemmet Högskola, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:shh:diva-984.
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Bakgrund: Bipolär sjukdom kännetecknas av återkommande episoder av mani och egentlig depression med mellanliggande perioder av psykisk återhämtning. Huvudsymtomen vid en manisk episod är förhöjd, expansiv eller irritabel sinnesstämning, medan huvudsymtomen vid en egentlig depression är nedstämdhet och minskat intresse eller glädje. Bipolär sjukdom drabbar ungefär lika många män som kvinnor och brukar debutera i tonåren. Sjukdomen kan påverka familjerelationer, arbetsförmåga med mera. Livskvalitet är ett mått som kan användas för att mäta en individs välbefinnande och är betydelsefull att försöka mäta vid bipolär sjukdom. En allmänt accepterad definition på livskvalitet är Världshälsoorganisationens definition av livskvalitet. Deras definition av livskvalitet berör bland annat följande fyra områden: sociala relationer, fysisk hälsa, psykologiskt tillstånd och miljö. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva livskvalitén hos vuxna med bipolär sjukdom. Metod: En litteraturöversikt gjordes med 15 artiklar hämtade från databaserna PubMed, Cinahl och PsychInfo. De sökord som användes vid databassökningarna var: ”bipolar disorder”, ”quality of life”, ”mania”, ”major depression”, ”euthymic” och ”social functioning”. De utvalda artiklarna beskrev livskvalitén hos vuxna med bipolär sjukdom, de var publicerade inom de senaste tio åren, de var skrivna på engelska och de var ”peer-reviewed” eller publicerade i en tidsskrift som var ”peer-reviewed”. Samtliga artiklar kvalitetsgranskades innan de inkluderades i föreliggande studie. Under bearbetningen av artiklarna delades informationen från de olika artiklarna in i tre teman beroende på vilken av de tre frågeställningarna informationen besvarade. Dessa teman blev sedan huvudrubriker i resultatet. Resultat: Både de patienter som hade en sjukdomsepisod och de med en normal sinnesstämning uppvisade sämre livskvalitet i jämförelse med friska individer. Faktorer som god sjukdomsinsikt, socialt stöd och rutiner var associerade med bättre livskvalitet, medan graden av depressiva och maniska symtom, stigande ålder och tidig sjukdomsdebut var associerade med sämre livskvalitet. De depressiva symtomen hade störst betydelse för den skattade livskvalitén och påverkade framför allt de fysiska och psykiska områdena av livskvalitén. Patienter med bipolär sjukdom med normal sinnesstämning uppvisade bäst livskvalitet följt av dem som befann sig i ett maniskt/hypomaniskt tillstånd, ett blandat tillstånd och ett depressivt tillstånd. Slutsats: Fynden från föreliggande studie visar att patienter med bipolär sjukdom upplever sämre livskvalitet i jämförelse med friska individer. Symtomen har troligtvis en stor betydelse när det gäller den sämre upplevda livskvalitén. Symtomen gör det svårt att upprätthålla relationer, bevara ett arbete, planera inför framtiden med mera. Dessutom lever dessa patienter i en oviss tillvaro där de aldrig vet när nästa sjukdomsepisod kommer, hur den kommer att manifestera sig eller hur allvarlig den kommer att vara.
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Queau, Véronique. "Unipolarité - bipolarité dans les troubles de l'humeur : comparaison de 2 groupes de malades." Bordeaux 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR25130.
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Molz, Adams Ashleigh. "NATURE OF AND RISK FOR EXPERIENCING MIXED STATES IN RECENT-ONSET BIPOLAR SPECTRUM SAMPLE." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2015. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/341168.
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PsychologyPh.D.
Clinicians and researchers have identified a pattern of "mixed" symptoms that are sometimes exhibited by individuals with bipolar spectrum disorders (BSDs). However, the criteria for these mixed states as outlined by the American Psychological Association have been criticized for being too stringent for most individuals that experience impairing episodes of mixed symptomatology (e.g., Akiskal, 1996). Mixed states are associated with a more impairing course of illness and suicidality. More research is needed on mixed states, and there is particularly little evidence for risk factors in recent-onset samples. The aims of this study were to 1) examine the prevalence of mixed states in a sample of individuals with recent-onset bipolar spectrum disorders, 2) examine the symptom structure of hypomanic and depressive episodes, and 3) examine some of the risk factors associated with mixed states. Participants in sample 1 were adolescents, initially aged 14-19, selected for exhibiting either moderate or high Behavioral Approach System (BAS) risk for first onset of BSDs. Participants in sample 2 were 18-24 year old undergraduates from Temple University recruited for having a bipolar spectrum diagnosis. Mixed states captured 37.10% of all episodes examined in sample 1, yet only 13 (10.48%) of these episodes met available research criteria for mixed mood episodes. Factor analysis yielded two adequate models that fit the data; one model had two factors that aligned with traditional depressive and hypomanic symptomatology, and another model had three factors that aligned with hypothesized overactivity, inhibited depression, and irritable risk taking components of bipolar disorder. Latent class analysis allowed for examining observed patterns of responses within individuals, and then grouping heterogeneous groups of individuals into classes based on similarities on dimensions of interest, performance within dimensions, or both (Nylund, Bellmore, Nishina, & Graham, 2007). The latent class analysis showed that three classes best defined bipolar spectrum individuals in sample 1: low impulsivity, aggressive, and substance problems classes were obtained. The `aggressive' class was significantly more likely than the `low impulsivity' class to experience any mixed symptomatology, although a continuous measure of mixed symptoms did not yield significant differences between classes. Overall, the results from the current study support findings suggesting that mixed mood states are more commonly experienced than originally believed. These results extend previous studies to include individuals with bipolar spectrum disorders, not solely bipolar I and II disorders. These findings also suggest that non-treatment-seeking samples may have different types of mixed mood states than those seeking treatment. These findings add support to the literature that individuals with BSDs and comorbid substance use diagnoses are at increased risk for chronic illness, and show that these individuals are also more likely to experience mixed mood states than those without comorbid substance use diagnosis. Treatment providers should be aware of the complications that are inherent in bipolar individuals with comorbid substance diagnoses, as they are more likely to experience more episodes as well as mixed symptoms.
Temple University--Theses
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Coppock, Mary Jane. "Polarizing Narratives: Harmful Representations of Mental Illness and Bipolar in Popular Media." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/953.
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Representations of mental illness in mainstream media have historically been infantilizing and dangerous. In the last century, dominant media has perpetuated inaccurate and damaging tropes about bipolar disorder in particular, perpetuating misunderstanding and stigma. Despite this fact, art can provide an outlet through which healthy images that promote understanding and sympathy can be dispersed. My project, Polarized, presents a more accurate representation of the disorder and its effects on individuals who struggle with it, as well as their loved ones. Bipolar disorders are a group of mental illnesses that cause dramatic shifts in an individual’s mood, energy, thinking ability, and sexual drive. In popular media, bipolar is represented in a number of different problematic ways ranging from childishness to irrational violence, which provide damaging stereotypes of the bipolar community and ultimately serve to further ostracize the bipolar community. Polarized’s critique of representations of disability in hegemonic discourse is informed by true stories and histories of mental illness. The short’s narrative is fictional, inspired by my own experience as a young woman with Bipolar II and augmented with the research and memoirs of manic-depressive diagnosed clinician Kay Jamison as written in An Unquiet Mind: A Memoir of Moods and Madness.
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Greenberg, Sarah. "Attachment Style, Perceived Life Events, and Psychological Well-Being in Adults Coping with Bipolar Disorder: A Longitudinal Study." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1402670377.
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Sandstedt, Fredrika, and Malin Kindblad. "Längtan efter ett lagomland : Kvinnors upplevelser av att leva med bipolär sjukdom." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för hälso- och vårdvetenskap (HV), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-100390.
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Bakgrund: Bipolär sjukdom är en kronisk, psykisk sjukdom där stämningsläget skiftar mellan perioder av mani och depression. Omkring 2–3% av Sveriges befolkning lever med sjukdomen idag och kvinnor är överrepresenterade. Behandlingen varierar men stämningsstabiliserande läkemedel är den främsta behandlingsformen. Personer med bipolär sjukdom har en högre självmordsbenägenhet. Sjuksköterskans ansvar är att utifrån patientens behov vårda och ge stöd. Dessa patienter kan bland annat behöva stöd gällande relationer, självuppfattning och välbefinnande. Syfte: Syftet var att belysa kvinnors upplevelse av att leva med bipolär sjukdom Metod: En kvalitativ studie baserad på fem självbiografier skrivna av kvinnor som diagnostiserats med bipolär sjukdom. Datamaterialet analyserades med en induktiv ansats enligt Graneheim och Lundmans mall för manifesta innehållsanalyser. Resultat: Kvinnor med bipolär sjukdom upplever ett lidande som grundar sig i känslor av ensamhet, skuld och skam samt rädslor över att insjukna i nya skov, då sjukdomsförloppet försämras. Läkemedelsbehandling samt stödet av närstående såväl som vårdpersonal är av betydelse för att kvinnorna ska kunna se en mening med livet. Slutsats: Att hitta en balans mellan glädje och sorg kan leda till ett ökat välbefinnande och en förbättrad hälsa. För att uppnå detta krävs ett tryggt vårdande som utgår från ett patientperspektiv där patientens delaktighet eftersträvas.
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Benabarre, Hernández Antonio. "Estudio de los cambios regionales en el flujo sanguíneo cerebral mediante tomografía por emisión de fotoón simple y su correlación neuropsicológica en el trastorno bipolar." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/2683.
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Fundamentos: Para algunos trastornos psiquiátricos se ha podido establecer que existe relación entre las disfunciones cognitivas y las alteraciones en el FSCr. Para el trastorno bipolar (TB), distintos trabajos previos han sugerido que los pacientes con este trastorno presentan disfunciones cognitivas. Asimismo, en distintos estudios han sido halladas alteraciones en la distribución del flujo sanguíneo cerebral regional (FSCr) de estos pacientes. No obstante, no existe ningún trabajo publicado en que se haya estudiado la relación entre ambos tipos de marcadores en pacientes con TB.Objetivos: Determinar las posibles alteraciones en el rendimiento neuropsicológico y en el FSCr de los pacientes con TB, y establecer la relación entre ambos tipos de marcadores y con la psicopatología propia del trastorno.
Pacientes y métodos: Se incluyeron 43 pacientes con TB (RDC) que se clasificaron según su fase en la enfermedad a partir de la puntuación obtenida en las escalas YMRS y HDRS en fase maníaca (n=7), hipomaníaca (n=8), depresiva (n=12) o eutímica (n=3), y 6 sujetos control. Se evaluó además el estado clínico mediante las escalas PANSS y GAF, la función cognitiva mediante los tests neuropsicológicos WAIS, WCST, Stroop, TMT, CVLT, WMS y FAS/COWAT, y se obtuvieron imágenes SPECT administrando el contraste radiológico 99mTc-HMPAO.
Resultados: Las principales correlaciones halladas fueron entre: función ejecutiva (WCST) y FSCr de estriado, frontal, temporal, cerebelo, parietal y cingulado; función mnésica (WMS, WAIS-dígitos) y FSCr de estriado, frontal, temporal y parietal; tareas atencionales (Stroop) y FSCr de estriado, temporal media y parietal; aprendizaje verbal (CVLT) y FSCr de frontal, temporal posterior, cingulado y occipital; alteraciones psicomotoras (TMT) y FSCr de temporal anterior; empeoramiento intelectual (WAIS-Vocabulario) y FSCr de cerebelo y parietal.
Conclusiones: Los resultados del estudio corroboran las hipótesis actuales que señalan la existencia de anomalías funcionales en estructuras fronto-subcorticales, cerebelo y sistema límbico en el TB.
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Gillespie, Janet Patricia. "Was King John of England bipolar? : a medical history using mathematical modelling." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/12195.
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BACKGROUND - Bipolar disorder has been postulated as an explanation for King John's inconsistencies of leadership and vagaries of character. Changes in activity, matching those in mood, are core features of the condition. METHOD - A measure of King John's activity was derived from his travelling itinerary. Change Point Analysis (CPA) was used to detect significant changes in that travelling activity and from them, to identify clinically compliant, high and low, activity time periods. The results were tested against an alternative mathematical model (Bollinger Bands™), three alternative parameters and two comparator itineraries (familial & non-familial). Using primary historical sources and published analyses, bipolar symptoms were identified and their temporal relationship to the ICD-10 compliant CPA periods evaluated. The influence of circumstances was also evaluated using primary sources and a representative sequential sample (1200-1204). RESULTS - CPA identified 83 periods of changed travelling activity. These changes were mathematically independent of the availability of the historical sources that underpin the itinerary. From these, 37 high and 22 low periods complied with current diagnostic guidelines and demonstrated descriptive and statistical similarities to those found in the bipolar literature. Analyses using alternative mathematical modelling and different parameters showed similar changes; analyses of comparator itineraries showed a possible familial trait. Of the 17 bipolar symptoms identified, all were found in CPA periods of appropriate polarity. Of the 23 sequential periods, 10 showed evidence of behaviour that was difficult to attribute to circumstances. CONCLUSIONS & OUTCOMES - The pattern of changes in King John's activity are highly suggestive of bipolar disorder with primary historical sources describing synchronous bipolar behaviour. This may alter our understanding both of King John and of Magna Carta. Change Point Analysis merits greater consideration when analysing time based data, as does the use of activity as an objective marker of human behaviour.
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Teffo, Leah Snow. "Growth enhancement and toxic effects of lithium on HL-60 promyelocytic leukaemia cells the involvement of insulin." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/2612.
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Mueri, Christine Andrea. "'Defined not by time, but by mood': First-person narratives of bipolar disorder." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1307662397.
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MacPherson, Heather Ann. "Pilot Effectiveness and Transportability Trial of Multi-Family Psychoeducational Psychotherapy (MF-PEP) for Childhood Mood Disorders in a Community Behavioral Health Setting." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1282572794.
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Brans, Suzanne. "Applying the social cognitive and sociological models of stigma to student attitudes towards major depression and bipolar disorder." University of Western Australia. School of Psychology, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0041.
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The aims of the current research program were to examine the social-cognitive and sociological models of stigma in relation to student attitudes towards an individual experiencing a mood disorder. Two experiments (Studies 1 and 2) sought to empirically distinguish between controllability and responsibility, both constructs of the attribution model which is subsidiary to the social-cognitive model of stigma. Despite manipulating controllability, participants were reluctant to attribute controllability of cause to individuals experiencing depression or bipolar disorder. The stability of beliefs about the controllability of cause for condition onset was consistent with research suggesting that the Australian public increasingly conceptualise mental disorders in terms of biochemical and genetic causal factors. These findings, in combination with past research linking biogenetic beliefs to negative attitudes, resulted in a change in focus of investigation in Studies 3, 4, 5 and 6 to explain why, contrary to the prediction of the attribution model, biogenetic explanations of mental disorders are associated with the proliferation of stigma. To measure causal beliefs, the Causal Belief Inventory (CBI) was developed in Study 3 and refined in Study 4. The correlational results examined in Studies 4, 5 and 6 found that genetic and biochemical causal beliefs were associated with a number of positive attitudes towards individuals experiencing a mood disorder and that genetic cause was associated with a reduced implicit bias against major depression. Furthermore, each study pointed to the centrality of judgments of differentness in determining affective responses and direct and proxy measures of behaviour. In contrast, manipulation of genetic and psychosocial cause in Study 5 found that causal condition largely failed to impact upon student attitudes. Mediator analysis did, however, find that beliefs about the stability of the vignette actor's condition fully mediated the relationship between the negative influence of genetic cause on proxy helping behaviour. Manipulation of psychosocial, genetic and biochemical cause with the inclusion of a non-depressed control in Study 6 resulted in more ambiguous findings. The combination of findings from Studies 1 to 6 suggest that focusing on the impact of the controllability of cause of depression onset on student attitudes is unwarranted. Instead researchers and public health educators should be examining models which facilitate the examination of the cognitive factors that mediate these relationships. Two such models, namely the social-cognitive and sociological models of stigma, were found to adequately fit the data. Recommendations for integrating these two models of stigma are discussed.
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Stroppa, André Lúcio Pinto Coelho. "Religiosidade e espiritualidade no transtorno bipolar do humor." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2011. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/4934.
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Objetivos: Investigar a relação entre Religiosidade/Espiritualidade (R/E) e o estado de humor, qualidade de vida, ocorrência de internações hospitalares e tentativas graves de suicídio entre pacientes bipolares. Métodos: Em um estudo transversal com pacientes bipolares em tratamento ambulatorial (n=168) foram avaliados sintomas de Mania (YMRS) e Depressão (MADRS), Religiosidade (Duke Religious índex), Coping Religioso-Espiritual (Brief RCOPE) e Qualidade de Vida (WHOQOL-BREF). Dados sociodemográficos, número tentativas de suicídio e internações foram obtidos através da entrevista com o indivíduo e análise do prontuário médico. Foram realizadas regressões logísticas e lineares das associações entre os indicadores de R/E e as variáveis clinicas, controlando para variáveis sociodemográficas. Resultados: Referiram alguma filiação religiosa 148 (88,1%) indivíduos. Religiosidade Intrínseca e mais estratégias de Coping Religioso-Espiritual (CRE) positivo associaram-se a menos sintomas depressivos, respectivamente (OR) 0.19, (Cl) 0.06 — 0.57, (p) 0.003 e (OR) 0.25, (Cl) 0.09 — 0.71, (p) 0.01. Qualidade de vida associou-se a Religiosidade Organizacional (B) 0.188, (p) 0.019, Religiosidade Intrínseca (B) 0.306, (p) <0,001 e CRE positivo (B) 0.264, (p) 0.001. CRE negativo associou-se a pior qualidade de vida (B) — 0.253, (p) 0.001. Conclusões: Religiosidade intrínseca e CRE positivo associaram-se a menor ocorrência de depressão e melhor qualidade de vida de forma significativa. Estudos longitudinais serão úteis na investigação de relações causais.
Aims: To investigate the relationship between Religiousness/Spirituality (R/S) and mood, quality of life, hospitalizations and severe suicide attempts among bipolar patients. Methods: In a transversal study among bipolar patients under ambulatory care (n=168), symptoms of Mania (YMRS) and Depression (MADRS), Religiousness (Duke Religious Index), Religious Coping (Brief RCOPE) and Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF) were assessed. Socio-demographic data, number of suicide attempts and hospitalizations were obtained through an interview with the individual and analysis of medical records. Logistical and linear regressions of the association between the Religious indicators and clinical variables were carried out, controlling for socio-demographic variables. Results: 148 individuals mentioned some kind of religious affiliation (88.1%). Intrinsic Religiousness (IR) and Positive Religious Coping (RC) strategies associated to less depressive symptoms [respectively odds ratio (OR) = 0.19, 95% confidence interval (Cl) = 0.06 - 0.57, p=0.003 and OR= 0.25; Cl = 0.09 - 0.71, p=0.01]. Quality of life inversely associated with negative RC ([3= - 0.253, p=0.001) and directly associated with Organizational Religiousness (13= 0.188, p=0.019), Intrinsic Religiousness (13= 0.306, =p <0,001) and positive RC (13- 0.264, p= 0.001). Conclusions: Intrinsic Religiousness and positive RC are strongly associated with less depressive symptoms and better quality of life. Negative RC associated to worse quality of life. Religiousness is a relevant aspect which must be taken into consideration by physicians when assessing and guiding
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Abrial, Erika. "Implication de la protéine kinase C dans les troubles bipolaires : vers de nouvelles cibles thérapeutiques." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00832777.
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Le trouble bipolaire est une maladie invalidante caractérisée par une alternance d'épisodes maniaques et dépressifs. Malgré des efforts de recherche notables, la physiopathologie et les mécanismes d'action des traitements du trouble bipolaire demeurent peu connus. La protéine kinase C (PKC) est récemment apparue comme une cible moléculaire potentielle pour le traitement du trouble bipolaire. Dans ce travail de thèse, nous avons cherché à étudier le rôle de la PKC dans les phases maniaque et dépressive du trouble bipolaire. Nous avons montré que l'inhibition de la PKC a un effet antimaniaque non seulement chez le rat naïf, mais aussi dans un modèle de manie basé sur une privation de sommeil, que nous avons validé au cours de notre étude. De plus, les inhibiteurs de la PKC sont capables de rétablir les déficits de prolifération cellulaire hippocampique que présentent les rats privés de sommeil. Ces effets prolifératifs et antimaniaques seraient indépendants, puisque le blocage de la prolifération cellulaire n'abolit pas l'efficacité antimaniaque des inhibiteurs de la PKC dans le modèle de privation de sommeil. En parallèle, nous avons montré que l'activation de la PKC a un effet antidépresseur chez le rat naïf, alors que son inhibition provoque un phénotype pseudodépressif qui s'accompagne d'une diminution de la prolifération cellulaire hippocampique. L'ensemble de ces données révèle une implication de la PKC dans les deux phases du trouble bipolaire, et soutient l'hypothèse qu'une suractivation du système PKC serait à l'origine des perturbations de neuroplasticité associées à la manie.