Academic literature on the topic 'Depression'
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Journal articles on the topic "Depression"
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Fidelis, E. Uwumiro, O. Okpujie Victory, and O. Anokwuru Kingsley. "Postpartum depression and the scarcity of generalizable evidence: A mini-review of existing literature and the way forward." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 11, no. 2 (August 30, 2021): 081–84. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5203008.
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The first known reference to Postpartum Depression (PPD), was Hippocrates’ 4th century hypothesis that drainage of lochia, if suppressed, could flow to the brain resulting in agitation, delirium, and episodes of mania. This hypothesis became dogma and lasted over a millennium. Over the years, knowledge of PPD has evolved but researchers still struggle to establish it as a distinct disease entity. It was initially recognized as Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) with postpartum onset in the 1994 revision of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), the “bible” of diagnostic criteria for mental health professionals and researchers. It is currently recognized as MDD with peripartum onset (DSM-V) and researchers have admitted that persuasive evidence to indicate that postpartum depression is distinct from other existing depressive disorders, has not been found. Several diagnostic tools such as the Edinburg Postpartum Depression Scale (EDPS), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and the Postpartum Depression Screening Scale (PDSS) are available for use but none of these is universally accepted. With much of the published literature plagued with bias and structural inconsistencies, the credibility of the evidence has been greatly diminished. The difficulty with disease designation, the absence of a universally accepted tool for diagnosis and the scarcity of generalizable evidence on the subject has impaired the early recognition and effective management of PPD. It is therefore expedient, to critically appraise some of the available literature and proffer solutions to navigating this conundrum.
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Page, Stewart. "Depression in men, depression in women, and the depressing nature of theories of depression." Canadian Psychology/Psychologie canadienne 31, no. 3 (1990): 292–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0078922.
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Klein, Daniel N. "Chronic Depression." Current Directions in Psychological Science 19, no. 2 (April 2010): 96–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963721410366007.
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Traditionally, non-bipolar depression has been viewed as an episodic, remitting condition. However, with the recognition that depressions can persist for many years, the current diagnostic classification system includes various forms of chronic depression. The distinction between chronic and nonchronic depressions is useful for reducing the heterogeneity of the disorder. Individuals with chronic depression differ from those with nonchronic depression on a variety of clinically and etiologically significant variables, including comorbidity, impairment, suicidality, history of childhood maltreatment, familial psychopathology, and long-term course. In contrast, there is little support for current distinctions between different forms of chronic depression. This suggests that it may be simpler to collapse the existing forms of chronic depression in the current classification system into a single category. However, there is growing evidence that other characteristics, such as age of onset and a childhood history of early adversity, may provide meaningful approaches to subtyping chronic depression.
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Maria, Paula de Oliveira Patrial, Vittoria Miliorini Amábile, and Cristina Catelan-Mainardes Sandra. "CONEXÕES ENDÓCRINAS: EXPLORANDO A RELAÇÃO ENTRE HIPOTIREOIDISMO E DEPRESSÃO." Revistaft 28, no. 132 (March 23, 2024): 35. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10858935.
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O presente artigo tem como objetivo análise da relação do hipotireoidismo com o transtorno depressivo maior (TDM). Como metodologia foi realizada uma pesquisa descritiva do tipo revisão de literatura integrativa, na qual se foi coletada dados publicados entre 2018 e 2023, das bases PubMed e BVS, com os descritores “hipotireoidismo” “depressão” “ transtorno depressivo maior” “sexo feminino”, buscando compreender a influência do hipotiroidismo no transtorno depressivo maior. Como critério de elegibilidade, foram utilizados apenas trabalhos científicos completos, em língua inglesa, portuguesa e espanhola. O escore PRISMA serviu de ferramenta de verificação e pontuação de credibilidade das fontes utilizadas. As duplicatas e os artigos que não responderão a pergunta norteadora serão excluídos. Espera-se que ao final do estudo seja possível informar sobre as conexões endócrinas entre o hipotiroidismo e a depressão em mulheres de 20 a 25 anos, e sugerir alertas para o rastreio hormonal em pacientes com sintomas depressivos levando a um possível diagnóstico precoce melhorando assim, a qualidade de vida destas mulheres.
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Bo, Yu, Zhang Tao, Zheng Kexun, Zuo Shuangying, Han Xiao, Wang Senlin, and Chen Shiwan. "Enclosed Karst Depression Identification and Analysis for the Pumped Storage Power Station Reservoir Construction Using DEM." Geofluids 2023 (July 22, 2023): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/4794665.
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An enclosed karst depression, a typical natural negative terrain, has the advantage of less engineering excavation when constructing a reservoir. In this study, the enclosed karst depression and its range identification technique have been developed. What is more, the geometric parameters and spatial distribution of enclosed karst depressions in Anlong County, Guizhou Province of China, have also been analyzed. Results show that (1) the focus statistic method and local terrain contour tree model were developed to identify enclosed karst depression and its range using regular grid DEM data with 12.5 m spatial resolution, which has been applied to enclosed karst depression identification in Anlong County. (2) 7262 independent and nested depressions with an average density of 3.7/km2 were identified by using the proposed method. The effectiveness and reliability of the proposed model have been verified through comparative analysis and visual recognition comparison. (3) High-density depression areas (5.6 depressions/km2), medium-density depression areas (2.9 depressions/km2), and low-density depression areas (1.1 depressions/km2) were well classified through kernel density analysis. (4) The geometric parameters of enclosed karst depressions (area, perimeter, circularity, depth, elevation, slope, and volume) were all analyzed in the study area. In addition, an indicator called DCK (depression is caused by karstification) was proposed to evaluate the dissolution degree and karstification stage of the enclosed karst depression. Based on the DCK, we determined that around 2.7% of depressions were identified as middle-stage and suitable for reservoir construction with enough volume and good slope stability. The idea and method in this research could provide a technological support for the engineering utilization of enclosed karst depressions.
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Farheen, Fatma. "Determining the Incidence of Bipolar Disorder in Patients Treated for Major Depression: An Observational Study." International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Review and Research 15, no. 10 (October 30, 2023): 534–40. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11634990.
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AbstractAim: The aim of the present study was to assess the proportion of patients with features of bipolar disorderamongst those primarily diagnosed and treated as major depressive disorder and compare the symptom profileof unipolar depression and bipolar depression.Methods: The present study was conducted in the Department of Psychiatry for one year who were beingtreated as Major Depressive Disorder according to DSM-4 TR and were receiving antidepressant medications,were included in the study. 200 patients were included in the study. All the patients were above age of 18 yearsand have informant available. Participants were included in the study after taking informed consent.Results: 64% were females. Majority of selected patients were married females (78%). 19% patients wereilliterate and 80% were hindus. 52% were staying in nuclear family and 85% belonged to urban area. 85%patients had no history of suicide and there was no family history of any psychiatric illness in 60%. 170 patientshad bipolar disorder and 30 patients had unipolar disorder. Patients having Bipolar Mood disorder weresignificantly younger than unipolar depression. No significant difference was found in sex, marital status,education, religion, income, family type, occupation or locality between two groups. Number episodes of illnesswere significantly higher in bipolar mood disorder than unipolar. Family history of mood disorder wassignificantly higher in bipolar disorder group than unipolar. In clinical features, there was no significantdifference in suicide attempt between both groups. Significant difference was found in diurnal variation.Psychotic features were significantly higher in bipolar mood disorder patients than unipolar depression.Conclusion: It is clear that with high index of suspicion, bipolarity is patently diagnosable in a substantialproportion of patients being treated as unipolar major depression. They have difference in clinical features fromunipolar depression in the form early age of onset, positive family history for mood disorder, more number ofmood episodes and presence of psychotic features during the depressive episode and course of illness
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Holden, C. "Depression: the news isn't depressing." Science 254, no. 5037 (December 6, 1991): 1450–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1962202.
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Grampp, Peter. "Behandlungsoptionen bei Depression Therapieresistente Depressionen." Die Psychiatrie 13, no. 04 (October 2016): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1669706.
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Kharytonov, Volodymyr. "Features of the psychopathological condition of patients with epilepsy and depression in an interictal period." Ukrains'kyi Visnyk Psykhonevrolohii 27, no. 2 (99) (June 10, 2019): 59–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.36927/2079-0325-v27-is2-2019-13.
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The paper presents the results of a comprehensive study of the characteristics of the psychopathological state of patients with epilepsy and depressions of various genesis (organic, psychogenic and endogenous) in the interi ctal period. Were investigated the severity and structure of psychopathological manifestations, as well as separately the level and structure of anxiety in patients with epilepsy depending on the form of depression in a comparative aspect with patients with epilepsy without signs of depression. According to the selected forms of depression, are analyzed the severity and structural features of depressive symptoms. Was established that patients with depressions are characterized by more pronounced and diverse psychopathological manifestations, in the structure of which, apart from depressive manifestations, anxious and psychosomatic symptoms are formed (with organic and psychogenic depressions); as well as asthenic manifestations, a decrease in the level of interpersonal interaction and obsessive-compulsive symptoms (with endogenous depressions). Is determined the highest level of psychopathological distress in patients with epilepsy with endogenous depressions. Key words: epilepsy, organic depression, psychogenic depression, endogenous depression, interictal period, psychopathological condition, anxiety, depressive manifestations.
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Omelchenko, M. A. "Clinical Features of Youth Depression with Attenuated Symptoms of the Schizophrenic Spectrum." Psikhiatriya 19, no. 1 (March 28, 2021): 16–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.30629/2618-6667-2021-19-1-16-25.
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Objective: establishment of clinical and psychometric features of youth depression with attenuated symptoms of the schizophrenic spectrum (ASSS) for early differential diagnosis and nosological assessment.Patients and methods: clinical and psychometric examination of young 219 inpatients (average age 19.6 ± 2.4 years), first admitted to the clinic “Mental Health Research Centre” from 2011 to 2020 with the first depressive episode with ASSS. Control group of inpatients (52 patients) with “classical” youth depressions without ASSS (average age 19.6 ± 2.4 years). Diagnosis according ICD-10: F32.1, F32.2, F32.28, F32.8.Results: the psychopathological structure of youth depression with ASSS is characterized by the following types: (1) depression with attenuated psychotic symptoms (APS), which were divided into the subtype (1a) depression with APS and (1b) depression with brief limited intermittent psychotic symptoms (BLIPS); (2) depression with attenuated negative symptoms (ANS), comprising two subtypes (2a) with most emotional damage and (2b) with volitional impairment, and type (3) with attenuated symptoms of disorganization (ASD) in the structure of depressive episode. Clinical and reliable psychometric differences have been established between depressions with ASSS and «classical» youth depressions without ASSS. Conclusions: youth depression with ASSS is definitely different from “classical” youth depression without ASSS. Differences have been found in the psychopathological structure of youth depression with ASSS, resulting in a typological differentiation.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Depression"
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GOEDERT, MICHELE. "Demence, depression et pseudodemence depressive." Aix-Marseille 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993AIX20119.
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Silva, Gisele Wendeborn Marçon. "Associação entre sintomas depressivos e aspectos nutricionais em idosos residentes do município de São Paulo: um estudo de base populacional." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/89/89131/tde-22082017-152026/.
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Introdução: Depressão ou morbidade depressiva, é uma doença mental complexa que inclui diferentes fenótipos e sintomas, com desfechos negativos na saúde. Os diferentes distúrbios psiquiátricos, assim como a presença de sintomas depressivos, têm sido associados a dieta e hábitos alimentares. Objetivos: Investigar a associação entre sintomas depressivos e aspectos relacionados ao estado nutricional e alimentação, em idosos residentes na da Zona Oeste do município de São Paulo. Métodos: O presente estudo é epidemiológico, transversal, de base comunitária, com 2.643 idosos com idade igual ou superior a 60 anos. Foram consideradas como variáveis: a- Dependente: Sintomas Depressivos pela escala proposta pelo Centro de Estudos Epidemiológicos para identificação de sintomas depressivos (CES-D); Variáveis independentes (preditores): Estado nutricional a partir das medidas antropométricas (peso e altura com posterior cálculo do IMC, e circunferência da cintura); Respostas a algumas questões relacionadas ao hábito de consumir determinados alimentos ou grupos de alimentos, e hábito de fazer as refeições diárias. Foram ainda avaliadas as variáveis relacionadas a presença de doenças crônicas (hipertensão, diabetes e hipercolesterolemia); características sócio econômicas e demográficas (critério de Classificação Econômica Brasileira (CCEB). As variáveis foram analisadas por regressão logística binária, adotando significativos os valores de p <0,05. Resultados: Foi encontrada uma prevalência elevada de sintomas depressivos (38%); associaram-se positivamente aos sintomas depressivos o hábito em consumir frutas, feijões, leites e derivados, azeite, água e vinho. Após ajustes pelas variáveis clínicas, socioeconômicas e demográficas, permaneceram significantes no modelo final o hábito em consumir leites e derivados, azeite e vinho; o hábito em realizar o almoços e jantar; relatar a presença de HAS; pertencer ao sexo feminino e estar divorciado ou separado. Conclusões: O presente estudo mostrou a existência de associações significativas entre sintomas depressivos e o hábito em consumir determinados alimentos (leite e derivados, azeite e vinho). Porém tais dados ainda não são totalmente conclusivos para a população brasileira. Novos estudos fazem-se necessários para esclarecer a relação entre o hábito em consumir determinados grupos de alimentos e a chance em desenvolver sintomas depressivos em idosos.<br>Background: Depression or depressive morbidity is a complex mental disease that includes different phenotypes and symptoms, with negative health outcomes. The different psychiatric disorders, as well as the presence of depressive symptoms, have been associated with diet and eating habits. Aims: To investigate the association between depressive symptoms and aspects related to nutritional status and feeding, of elderly residents from the West Zone of the city of São Paulo. Methods: The present study is a cross-sectional, community-based epidemiological study with 2,643 elderly individuals aged 60 or over. The following variables were considered: a-) Depedemt: Depressive Symptoms by the scale proposed by the Center for Epidemiological Studies to identify depressive symptoms (CES-D); Independent (predictors): Nutritional status from anthropometric measures (weight and height with subsequent calculation of BMI, and waist circumference); Answers to some questions related to the habit of consuming certain foods or food groups, and habit of making daily meals (Brazil, 2006). The variables related to the presence of chronic diseases (hypertension, diabetes and hypercholesterolemia) were also evaluated; Socioeconomic and demographic characteristics (Brazilian Economic Classification, CCEB) (ABEP, 2011). The variables were analyzed by binary logistic regression, adopting significant values of p <0.05. Results: There was found a high prevalence of depressive symptoms (38%); The habit of consuming fruits, beans, milks and derivatives, olive oil, water and wine were positively associated with depressive symptoms. After adjusting for the clinical, socioeconomic and demographic variables, the habit of consuming milk and derivatives, olive oil and wine remained significant in the final model; The habit of holding lunch and dinner; Have HAS; Belong to the female sex and be divorced or separated. Conclusions: The present study showed the existence of significant associations between depressive symptoms and eating habits (milk and dairy products, olive oil and wine). However, these data are not yet fully conclusive for a Brazilian population. New studies are needed to define a relationship between the habit and consumption of food groups and a chance to develop depressive symptoms in the elderly.
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Carvalho, Janaina Mota Alves de. "Prevalência de sintomas depressivos em uma população de idosos usuários de serviços públicos." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2010. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=3382.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior<br>Esta dissertação pretende estimar a prevalência de sintomas depressivos em idosos segundo três níveis de complexidade de atenção à saúde e estudar a co-ocorrência de sintomas
depressivos e incapacidade funcional. No Brasil, a transição demográfica ocorreu de forma rápida e explosiva. À medida que o número de idosos cresce ocorre o aumento da prevalência de doenças crônicas e suas complicações. A habilidade funcional pode ser vista como uma medida de resumo do impacto geral das condições médicas no contexto do ambiente e do sistema de apoio social do indivíduo, e deve ser uma consideração importante em qualquer planejamento de saúde. Uma enfermidade associada a elevado grau de incapacidade funcional é a depressão. Entre os agravos de saúde mental, a depressão é um dos mais comuns e
importantes problemas psiquiátricos entre indivíduos idosos. Trata-se de estudo transversal com tamanho amostral de 643 idosos com idade de 65 ou mais anos selecionados
aleatoriamente e usuários de três serviços públicos de saúde com níveis crescentes de complexidade (primário, secundário e terciário). A prevalência de sintomas depressivos foi
estimada a partir da EDG-15, já traduzida e validada para uso no Brasil. O nível de estado funcional foi definido conforme os escores dos instrumentos SF-36 e HAQ. A prevalência de
sintomas depressivos na amostra total foi de 45,2% (IC=41,1 49,3). Estratificando por unidade, a prevalência foi de 35,3% no nível primário, 47,6% no nível secundário e 51,7% no
nível terciário (p=0,004). As prevalências encontradas foram altas nos três níveis de complexidade de atendimento, inclusive na população de idosos da unidade básica de saúde,
apesar de serem idosos mais independentes e mais saudáveis. A prevalência geral de sintomas depressivos aumentou à medida que o grau de incapacidade funcional também aumentou. A busca ativa por idosos com sintomas depressivos é importante em todos os níveis de complexidade de atendimento do sistema de saúde.<br>This dissertation aims to estimate the prevalence of depressive symptoms in the elderly according to three levels of complexity of health care and to study the co-occurrence
of depressive symptoms and levels of functional capacity. In Brazil, the demographic transition occurred quickly and explosive. As the number of elderly grows there is an increase
in the prevalence of chronic diseases and their complications. The functional ability can be seen as a summary measure of overall impact of medical conditions in the context of
environment and social support system of the individual, and should be an important consideration in any planning of health. A condition associated with a high degree of disability is depression. Among the grievances of mental health, depression is one of the most common and important psychiatric problems among the elderly. This is cross-sectional study with a sample size of 643 elderly aged 65 or over, randomly selected, and users of three public health services with increasing levels of complexity (primary, secondary and tertiary). The prevalence of depressive symptoms was estimated from the EDG-15, already translated
and validated for use in Brazil. The level of functional status was defined as the scores of instruments SF-36 and HAQ. The prevalence of depressive symptoms in the total sample was 45.2% (CI = 41.1 to 49.3). Stratified by unit, the prevalence was 35.3% at primary level, 47.6% at secondary level and 51.7% at the tertiary level (p = 0.004). Prevalence rates were high in the three levels of complexity of care, including the elderly population in primary care
unit, although the elderly are more independent and healthier. The overall prevalence of depressive symptoms increased as the degree of disability has also increased. The active
search for elderly patients with depressive symptoms is important at all levels of complexity
of care in the health system.
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Cheung, Elsie. "Depressive automatic processes as vulnerability markers in depression." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30986.
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Previous research has found little support for cognitive vulnerability factors in depression. I argue that this lack of support is due to the use of tasks that tap into effortful processes, as seen in previous research. I propose that support for cognitive vulnerability factors would be found by using tasks which tap into automatic processes.
Depressive automatic processes were assessed by three tasks: dichotic listening, probe detection, and implicit memory tasks. For the dichotic listening task, subjects
shadowed brief neutral passages while depression- and positive-content words were played in the unattended channel. Concurrently, subjects were required to detect the word "press" presented intermittently on a computer screen. Detection latencies were recorded. For the probe detection task, pairs of words were briefly presented on a computer screen, one appearing in the upper half of the screen, and one appearing in the bottom half. Three types of word pairs were used: neutral-neutral, depression-neutral, and positive-neutral. Subjects were asked to read the top word aloud. They were also required to detect the presence of a "+", which sometimes appeared in either location of the words. Detection latencies were recorded. For the implicit memory task, half of the subjects were presented with a list of words and were required to rate each word on how much they liked each word. Four types of words were used:
depression-related, happiness-related, types of flowers, and types of diseases. These subjects were then asked to generate eight exemplars for each word type. The other half of the subjects were simply asked to generate eight exemplars for the word types.
Depressive effortful processes were defined as self-report of cognitions. This was assessed by three self-report questionnaires: Dysfunctional Attitude Scale, Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire, and the Hopelessness Scale.
Three groups of subjects were used: currently depressed patients (n=20), remitted depressed individuals (n=20), and nondepressed individuals (n=20). The currently depressed group consisted of 13 women and 7 men, the remitted depressed group consisted of 16 women and 4 men, whereas the nondepressed group consisted of 13 women and 7 men. Their ages ranged from 23 to 65 years, with an overall average of 39.9 (SD = 11.28) years. Subjects were tested individually on each of the tasks. Three months after testing, they were asked to complete the Beck Depression Inventory.
Four main hypotheses were examined: (a) currently depressed individuals would show a bias for depression-related stimuli on the automatic tasks; (b) remitted depressed individuals' pattern of performance on the automatic tasks would resemble that of the currently depressed patients; (c) remitted depressed individuals'
pattern of performance on the effortful tasks would resemble that of the nondepressed individuals; and (d) measures of depressive automatic processes would be predictive of follow-up depressive symptoms. Analyses of variance and regression analyses were used. The first hypothesis was not supported. The second hypothesis was only supported for the dichotic listening task. The third hypothesis was supported, whereas the fourth hypothesis was not supported. Implications of the results to schema theory, vulnerability methodology, and clinical assessment procedures were dlscussed.<br>Arts, Faculty of<br>Psychology, Department of<br>Graduate
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Knäuper, Bärbel, and Hans-Ulrich Wittchen. "Epidemiologie der Major Depression: Nehmen depressive Erkrankungen zu?" Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-97182.
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In einer Reihe neuerer epidemiologischer Studien wurde ein Zuwachs in der Prävalenz der Major Depression in jüngeren Geburtskohorten und ein sinkendes Ersterkrankungsalter dieser Störung beobachtet (Cross-National Collaborative Group, 1992; Klerman & Weissman, 1989). Gleichzeitig wurden bei älteren Personen auffallend niedriege Depressionsraten gefunden. Der vorliegende Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über die diesen Beobachtungen zugrundeliegenden Studien. Die Validität der Befunde und ihre Bedeutsamkeit für die Ätiologie der Major Depression sowie mögliche Alternativerklärungen der zeitlichen Effekte werden diskutiert. Während der Befund eines Zuwachses depressiver Störungen in jüngeren Geburtskohorten empirisch gut belegt ist, sind die niedrigen Depressionsraten bei älteren Personen zumindest teilweise auf einen Artefakt der Forschungsmethodologie zurückzuführen<br>The findings of a number of recent major epidemiological studies in different countries document an increase in the cumulative lifetime prevalence estimates of major depression with each successively younger birth cohort and a decrease in the age of onset of this disorder (Cross-National Collaborative Group, 1992; Klerman & Weissman, 1989). At the same time comparably low depression estimates are found for the elderly. The paper presents an overview of the major studies conducted in this area in recent years. The validity of the findings, their significance for the aetiology of Major Depression and possible alternative explanations for the temporal trends are discussed. While much valid empirical evidence confirms the increase of Major Depression in recent birth cohorts, the low prevalence estimates in the elderly seen to represent at least in part an artifact of the research methodology
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Kendall-Grove, Kwai. "Clinical depression and depressive features in homeless adolescents /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9103.
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Sobocki, Patrik. "Health economics of depression /." Stockholm, 2006. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2006/91-7140-897-5/.
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Edvinsson, Åsa. "Is peripartum depression just another depression?" Licentiate thesis, Uppsala universitet, Obstetrik & gynekologi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-307162.
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Depressive symptoms in pregnancy are common, reported by approximately 20% of pregnant women worldwide. Of these, around 4-7% fulfill the criteria for major depressive episode (MDE). The prevalence rates of MDE seem no different from those in non-pregnant women of childbearing ages, or may even be lower. Further, the clinical presentation of depressive symptoms in women of childbearing age does not differ depending on whether women are pregnant, postpartum or outside the peripartum period. For this reason, some researchers argue that peripartum depression is just another depression, merely occurring at a stressful point in life. Antenatal depression and antidepressant treatment have been associated with an increased risk of poor pregnancy outcomes, such as preterm birth, impaired placental function, decreased fetal body and head growth. Nevertheless, little is known about the biological mechanisms behind these complications and more research is needed to elucidate the underlying pathways. In this thesis we have studied 1) attentional bias in antenatal and postpartum depression, with or without antidepressant treatment and 2) peripheral inflammatory markers in pregnancy (depressed, SSRI-treated, healthy controls). The title for this thesis is: Is peripartum depression just another depression? Based on the findings we have obtained thus far, the answer would be no. One argument would be that, as presented in study I, women who suffer from antenatal and postpartum depression do not display the typical attentional bias to negative words that is characteristic of depressive states in the non-pregnant population. Whether this is due to protective mechanisms of pregnancy or due to features that distinguish antenatal and postpartum depression from non-peripartum depression remains to be demonstrated. Secondly, study II describes that women with antenatal depression had significantly lower levels of peripheral inflammatory markers than healthy pregnant controls. Hypothetically, this could be due to dysregulated switch to the antiinflammatory pro-M2 milieu that characterizes normal third trimester pregnancy. These findings are clearly at odds with the literature in non-pregnant samples, where depression has been associated with increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines, but should be interpreted in the context of pregnancy-induced changes in inflammatory response. Moreover, treatment for antenatal depression is not as straightforward as it is in non-pregnant patients. When considering treatment, the expecting mother has to be aware of the risk-benefit profile for herself and the child. While antidepressant therapy clearly improves the mood of treated women, our findings do not indicate that antidepressant treatment has any positive impact on their inflammatory profile.
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Junior, Clovis Alexandrino da Silva. "Epidemiologia dos subtipos de depressão: análise de classes latentes dos sintomas depressivos em uma amostra populacional da região Metropolitana de São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5142/tde-01102012-162421/.
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Introdução. A depressão é uma síndrome clínica heterogênea caracterizada por perfis sintomatológicos distintos. Contudo, raros são os estudos que investigaram subtipos depressivos na comunidade e seus correlatos sociodemográficos e clínicos, diferenciando-os quanto à apresentação de acordo com o gênero. Métodos. Utilizou-se o banco de dados do Estudo São Paulo Megacity. Entraram na análise 1.212 sujeitos (869 mulheres e 343 homens) que responderam sobre a presença ou ausência dos sintomas constantes no módulo de depressão do questionário WMH-CIDI. Foi usado o método de análise de classes latentes (ACL). Critérios estatísticos (como o Critério de Informação Bayesiano [BIC] e a entropia) foram empregados para a determinação do número de classes que melhor classificava os sujeitos. Após a obtenção dos modelos mais adequados, as classes foram validadas por correlatos sociodemográficos e clínicos, utilizando-se regressão logística multinomial. Posteriormente, examinou-se a associação entre os subtipos depressivos e a utilização dos serviços de saúde ao longo da vida. Todas as análises foram realizadas no programa Mplus 6.12. Resultados. O melhor modelo de ACL para a amostra geral foi o de 3 classes denominadas Melancólica (37,8%), Atípica (17,83%) e Leve (44,37%). Os sujeitos da classe Atípica apresentaram elevada probabilidade de irritabilidade (81,8%) e ansiedade (90,7%). No modelo final ajustado, pertencer à classe Melancólica associou-se significativamente com: transtorno do espectro bipolar; transtorno de ansiedade; dependência de álcool e drogas; maior incapacitação; e maior escolaridade. Mulheres na classe Atípica foram mais propensas a ter maior escolaridade e comorbidade com transtorno do espectro bipolar e transtorno de ansiedade. Na análise da subamostra de mulheres, o melhor modelo de ACL foi o de 3 classes, semelhantes ao modelo da amostra total: Melancólica (39,34%), Atípica (19,53%) e Leve (41,13%). No modelo final ajustado para o sexo feminino, a classe Melancólica associou-se significativamente com: transtorno do espectro bipolar; transtorno de ansiedade; dependência de álcool e drogas; transtorno disfórico pré-menstrual; e maior incapacitação. Mulheres desta classe, comparadas com às das outras classes, foram mais propensas a ter maior escolaridade e estarem separadas, divorciadas ou viúvas. A classe Atípica associou-se significativamente com: transtorno do espectro bipolar; transtorno de ansiedade; dependência de álcool e drogas; e maior escolaridade. Para o sexo masculino, o melhor modelo de ACL foi também o de 3 classes: Melancólica (40,37%), Agitada (19,56%) e Leve (40,07%). Praticamente todos os homens pertencentes à classe Agitada apresentaram agitação e ansiedade, e uma grande proporção (ao redor de 84%), irritabilidade. Ainda, os sujeitos desta classe apresentaram as maiores proporções de pensamento acelerado (43,9%), aumento de energia (10,6%) e tentativa de suicídio (10,5%), em um perfil de sintomas semelhante aos estados mistos. A classe Agitada associou-se significativamente com os transtornos do espectro bipolar, embora esta associação não tenha permanecido no modelo ajustado. A classe Melancólica entre os homens associou-se com transtorno de ansiedade e dependência de nicotina. Mesmo os sujeitos das classes mais sintomáticas relataram baixo uso de serviços ao longo da vida. Conclusões. Nosso estudo confirma que subtipos depressivos, como melancólico, atípico e agitado podem ser identificados em amostras da população geral, corroborando a heterogeneidade sintomatológica do construto de depressão das classificações atuais. Tanto os perfis sintomatológicos, como as comorbidades com outros transtornos psiquiátricos, como espectro bipolar, ansiedade e dependência de substâncias, têm implicações na escolha do tratamento. Estes resultados podem também contribuir para a determinação de melhores critérios e especificadores dos subtipos depressivos nas próximas edições do DSM e da CID<br>Introduction. Depression is a heterogeneous clinical syndrome characterized by distinct symptom profiles. However, few studies have investigated depressive subtypes in the community and their sociodemographic and clinical correlates, differentiating them on the presentation according to gender. Methods. Data comes from the São Paulo Megacity Mental Health Survey. One thousand two hundred and twelve subjects (869 women and 343 men) entered in the analysis and responded to the presence or absence of symptoms of the depression module of the WMH-CIDI questionnaire. Latent class analysis (LCA) was used. Statistical criteria (such as the Bayesian Information Criteria [BIC] and entropy) were applied to the determination of the number of classes that best classified the subjects. After obtaining the most suitable models, the classes were validated by clinical and sociodemographic correlates, using multinomial logistic regression. We also later examined the association between depressive subtypes and lifetime health service utilization. All analyses were performed in the program Mplus 6.12. Results. The best LCA model for the overall sample was a 3-class model, which were named Melancholic (37.8%), Atypical (17.83%) and Mild (44.37%). Those in the Atypical class had a high probability of irritability (81.8%) and anxiety (90.7%). In the final adjusted model, being in the Melancholic class was significantly associated with: having a bipolar spectrum disorder; an anxiety disorder; alcohol and drug dependence; greater disability; and higher education. Women in the Atypical class were more likely to have higher education and comorbidity with bipolar spectrum disorder and anxiety disorder. In the analysis of the subsample of women, the best LCA model was a 3-class model, with classes similar to the model of the overall sample: Melancholic (39.34%), Atypical (19.53%) and Mild (41.13%). In the final adjusted model for females, the Melancholic class was significantly associated with: bipolar spectrum disorder; anxiety disorder; alcohol and drug dependence; premenstrual dysphoric disorder; and greater disability. Women in this class, as compared to those in other classes, were more likely to have higher education and be separated, divorced or widowed. The Atypical class was significantly associated with: bipolar spectrum disorder; anxiety disorder; alcohol and drug dependence; and higher education. For males, the best LCA model was also a 3-class model: Melancholic (40.37%), Agitated (19.56%) and Mild (40.07%). Virtually all men belonging to Agitated class endorsed agitation and anxiety, and a large proportion (around 84%), irritability. In addition, respondents belonging to this class presented the highest proportions of racing thought (43.9%), increased energy (10.6%), and suicide attempt (10.5%), in a symptom profile similar to mixed states. The Agitated class was significantly associated with bipolar spectrum disorders, although this association did not remain in the adjusted model. The Melancholic class among men was associated with anxiety disorder and nicotine dependence. Even subjects of more symptomatic classes reported low lifetime use of services. Conclusions. Our study confirms that depressive subtypes such as melancholic, atypical and agitated can be identified in samples from the general population, corroborating the symptomatologic heterogeneity of the construct of depression of current classifications. Both symptom profiles and comorbidity with other psychiatric disorders, such as bipolar spectrum, anxiety and substance dependence, have implications for the choice of treatment. These results may also contribute to establishing better criteria and specifiers of depressive subtypes in future editions of DSM and ICD
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Knäuper, Bärbel, and Hans-Ulrich Wittchen. "Epidemiologie der Major Depression: Nehmen depressive Erkrankungen zu?: Überblicksartikel." Hogrefe-Verlag, 1995. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A26153.
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In einer Reihe neuerer epidemiologischer Studien wurde ein Zuwachs in der Prävalenz der Major Depression in jüngeren Geburtskohorten und ein sinkendes Ersterkrankungsalter dieser Störung beobachtet (Cross-National Collaborative Group, 1992; Klerman & Weissman, 1989). Gleichzeitig wurden bei älteren Personen auffallend niedriege Depressionsraten gefunden. Der vorliegende Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über die diesen Beobachtungen zugrundeliegenden Studien. Die Validität der Befunde und ihre Bedeutsamkeit für die Ätiologie der Major Depression sowie mögliche Alternativerklärungen der zeitlichen Effekte werden diskutiert. Während der Befund eines Zuwachses depressiver Störungen in jüngeren Geburtskohorten empirisch gut belegt ist, sind die niedrigen Depressionsraten bei älteren Personen zumindest teilweise auf einen Artefakt der Forschungsmethodologie zurückzuführen.<br>The findings of a number of recent major epidemiological studies in different countries document an increase in the cumulative lifetime prevalence estimates of major depression with each successively younger birth cohort and a decrease in the age of onset of this disorder (Cross-National Collaborative Group, 1992; Klerman & Weissman, 1989). At the same time comparably low depression estimates are found for the elderly. The paper presents an overview of the major studies conducted in this area in recent years. The validity of the findings, their significance for the aetiology of Major Depression and possible alternative explanations for the temporal trends are discussed. While much valid empirical evidence confirms the increase of Major Depression in recent birth cohorts, the low prevalence estimates in the elderly seen to represent at least in part an artifact of the research methodology.
Books on the topic "Depression"
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1937-, Feighner John Preston, and Boyer W. F, eds. The Diagnosis of depression. Chichester: J. Wiley, 1991.
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H, Gotlib Ian, and Hammen Constance L, eds. Handbook of depression. 2nd ed. New York: Guilford Press, 2008.
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1971-, Watkins Ed, ed. Depression. 2nd ed. Hove, East Sussex: Psychology Press, 2008.
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Christine, Junge, Miller Michael Craig, Dadoly Ann Marie, and Harvard Medical School. Health Publications Group, eds. Understanding depression. Boston, MA: Harvard Health Publications, 2005.
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Christine, Junge, Miller Michael Craig, Dadoly Ann Marie, and Harvard Medical School. Health Publications Group, eds. Understanding depression. Boston, MA: Harvard Health Publications, 2008.
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Hammen, Constance L. Depression. 2nd ed. Hove, East Sussex: Psychology Press, 2008.
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Muñoz, Ricardo F. Prevention of depression: Training issues for research and practice. [S.l.]: National Institute of Mental Health, [1989?], 1989.
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Lurie, Melvyn. Depression: Your questions answered. London: Dorling Kindersley, 2007.
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Stuart, Checkley, ed. Management of depression. Malden, MA: Blackwell Science, 1998.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Depression"
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Cong, Lin. "Depressionen Depression." In Chinesische psychosomatische Medizin, 109–27. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-45329-2_6.
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Benkert, Otto, Martin Hautzinger, Mechthild Graf-Morgenstern, Christoph Hiemke, Philip Heiser, and Eberhard Schulz. "Depressive Störungen Depressive Störungen \t Siehe Depression Depression." In Psychopharmakologischer Leitfaden für Psychologen und Psychotherapeuten, 127–46. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29878-3_14.
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Gillespie, Charles F., and Helen S. Mayberg. "Depressive Disorders: Depression." In Neuroscience in the 21st Century, 3967–83. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3474-4_116.
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Gillespie, Charles F., and Helen S. Mayberg. "Depressive Disorders: Depression." In Neuroscience in the 21st Century, 4401–16. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-88832-9_116.
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Trenckmann, U., and B. Bandelow. "Depression (major depression)." In Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, 47–50. Heidelberg: Steinkopff, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-58700-9_12.
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Emrich, Hinderk M. "Neurobiologie der Depression." In Depression, 1–14. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-85010-3_1.
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Lungerhausen, Eberhard, Peter Joraschky, and Arnd Barocka. "Diskussion." In Depression, 91–93. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-85010-3_10.
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Demling, Joachim. "Depression im Alter." In Depression, 94–115. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-85010-3_11.
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Barocka, Arnd. "Depression als anthropologisches Problem." In Depression, 116–24. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-85010-3_12.
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Lungerhausen, Eberhard, Peter Joraschky, and Arnd Barocka. "Diskussion." In Depression, 125–26. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-85010-3_13.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Depression"
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Muscă, Loredana-Maria, Ovidiu Stefanescu, Magda Ecaterina Antohe, Ioana Rudnic, Cătălin Pleșea-Condratovici, and Stefan Lucian Burlea. "ANNIVERSARY DEPRESSION." In The European Conference of Psychiatry and Mental Health "Galatia". Archiv Euromedica, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35630/2022/12/psy.ro.15.
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ntroduction: Anniversary depressions are characterized by a dispositional change dominated by sadness, revolt against "destiny", regret and often self-accusations and suicidal concerns. They reflect a close correlation with a stressful event, especially localized during the family lifetime, such as the death of the child, the parent, partner or other loved ones. Anniversary depression occurs spontaneously with the approach of the trauma event or even at the anniversary of it. Symptoms of depression may occur a few days or weeks before and culminate at the anniversary when some of the depressed guilty feelings are shut down in their own painful intimacy (with high suicidal risk) and the others revolt against the destiny and "the guilty". Aim: The objective of this study is to evaluate young people's opinions about anniversary depression. Method: A questionnaire derived from HAM-D (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale) was applied to a group of 56 students during the year 2019. A quantitative and qualitative assessment of young people's perception of depressive symptomatology was evaluated. Applied questionnaires comply with the privacy rules of Law 46/2003 (A) and EU Regulation 2016/679. Conclusions: From the investigated group it results than 93% know someone who has experienced a traumatic episode. Of the 56 examines a significant proportion know or have experienced a traumatic event with an impact on mood (79%). Behavioural changes associated with the traumatic event or recall of such an event (in decreasing frequency) are sleeping disorders 79%, mood disorders 77%, appetite change 48%, somatoform accusations 36%, suicidal tendency 30%, decreasing useful yields 25 %, feelings of guilt 21%, decrease in alcohol consumption 14%, increase in alcohol consumption 7%.
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Bauer, Jonathan F., Maurice Gerzcuk, Bjoern Schuller, and Matthias Berking. "Comparison of speech elicitation tasks for machine learning-based depression classification." In International Medicine and Health Sciences Congress. Doha, Qatar: ECER, 2024. https://doi.org/10.53375/imhsc.2024.126.
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Machine learning-based depression classification based on paralinguistic speech parameters yields a novel approach to detect depression. However, there is uncertainty about the effect of different types of speech recordings on classification accuracy. We suggest that recordings of free speech containing antidepressive statements may be particularly suitable for depression classification. To test this hypothesis, we conducted Structured Clinical Interviews for DSM-5 to determine depression diagnoses on suitable candidates, resulting in a final sample of 48 clinically depressed individuals, 48 sub-clinically depressed individuals, and 48 non-depressed individuals. Participants from each group completed four different speech tasks: Participants read aloud neutral texts, they read aloud scripted depressive statements, they came up with and expressed anti-depressive statements, and 50% of participants read aloud scripted anti-depressive statements. Separate classification models aimed at classifying current depression were trained for each speech type and with two different state-of-the-art machine learning methods. We found that training a depression classification model on recordings of anti-depressive statements was not superior to training models on other types of speech recordings. We only found a significantly better accuracy for the depression classification model trained on recordings of neutral read speech compared to the model trained on recordings of depressive read speech. We could not confirm our hypothesis that recordings of antidepressive statements would result in superior depression classification accuracy compared to recordings of neutral text reading. Eliciting depression-related speech may reduce affective variability in individuals’ responses and therefore diminish depression-discriminative information. Our findings provide important directions for future research aimed to optimize speech elicitation tasks for depression classification.
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Bolshakova, Tatiana Iurevna, and Natalia Vasilevna Dolgova. "Psychological counseling for depression: goals, methods and approaches." In All-Russian scientific and practical conference with international participation, 63–65. Publishing house Sreda, 2025. https://doi.org/10.31483/r-138880.
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In the modern world, the prevalence of depressive disorders is increasing. Depression significantly reduces a person's quality of life. Psychological counseling for people with depression is aimed at reducing the symptoms of depression, including masked ones, manifested, for example, in the form of pain and somatic disorders. Each client is different, as are the causes that led to depression. There are several areas in psychology that offer their own methods and approaches to providing psychological assistance to people with depression.
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Jin, Xingyi. "DOES REVERSE CAUSALITY EXPLAIN THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DIET AND DEPRESSION？—POSSIBLY RELATED TO DIET'S SUBJECTIVE BEHAVIOR." In London International Conference on Research in Life-Science & Healthcare, 19-20 June 2024. Global Research & Development Services, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.20319/icrlsh.2024.5783.
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Depression can result in changes in eating behavior and decrease the quality of eating. It has been shown that maternal depression during pregnancy can result in malnutrition, which can have adverse effects on the pregnancy and the offspring. There is currently no clear association between depression and diet; (2) Methods: Five hundred and forty-nine pregnant women recruited from Danyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital in Jiangsu Province participated in this study and were administered the Intuitive Eating Scale-2(IES-2), Edinburgh Post-natal Depression Scale (EPDS), Pregnancy Stress Scale (PPS), Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), and Dietary Guidelines Adherence Index for Pregnant Women during Pregnancy (CDGCI-PW). The nutritional software collected dietary records for three consecutive days in mid-pregnancy to calculate dietary intake and nutrients that support energy production. The mediation analyses were conducted using SPSS 24.0 macro PROCESS; (3) Results: The relationship between depressive symptoms during pregnancy and diet quality was moderated primarily by two aspects of eating behavior, “Reliance on Hunger and Satiety Cues” (RHS) and “Body-Food Choice Congruence” (BFC). Depressive symptoms (EPDS scores) showed a negative correlation with RHS, BFC, and RHS, and BFC showed a positive correlation with diet quality, yielding a significant specific indirect effect. the multiple mediation model explained 14.7% of the variance in the diet quality; (4) Conclusions: Individual awareness of depression may influence the causal association between nutrition and depression. This study highlights the important role of eating behaviors during pregnancy in the relationship between depressive symptoms (EPDS scores) and diet quality and provides preliminary evidence for feasible ways pregnant women with depressive symptoms can improve diet quality, promote maternal and child health, and reduce depression.
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Al-Shahwani, AlAnood, Dana Arafeh, Daniah Al-Asmar, Hiba Bawadi, Suhad Daher-Nashif, and Joyce Moawad. "Mental health problems in adults with diabetes: prevalence and potential determinants." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2021.0144.
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Depression is associated with several chronic diseases such as diabetes. Diabetes is a long-term health disorder that have many health complications such as mental health problems, if left untreated. Our study aimed to determine the prevalence of depression among Qatari patients with diabetes, and to investigate the potential determinants of depression. Our results revealed that the prevalence of depression among the target population was 15.4%. Females, younger adults, smokers and patients with higher education had more depressive symptoms.
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Gonzaga, Bruno Pissolati Mattos, Gabriel Chung, Matheus Kohama Kormanski, Natália Trombini Mendes, Paulo Henrique Maia de Freitas, Luiza Ramos de Freitas, Rosa Maria Nascimento Marcusso, Rônney Pinto Lopes, and Rubens José Gagliardi. "Prevalence of depressive symptoms in stroke patients: a cross-sectional study." In XIV Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.141s1.742.
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Introduction: Sequelae are frequent in patients with a history of ischemic stroke and result in decreased quality of life, increase in morbidity, mortality and healthcare costs. One often overlooked complication of ischemic stroke is its association with depression and depressive symptoms. Objectives and methods: This cross-sectional study aims to assess the prevalence of depression and depressive symptoms in patients with previous ischemic stroke followed in the neurovascular outpatient clinic of a tertiary hospital in São Paulo, Brazil, through the application of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) filled in by the patients. Casuistics and results: A total of 173 participated in the study, but only 154 answered all PHQ-9 questions. Mean age was 52 years; 56.82% were women; 44 patients (28.6%) had a score ≥ 10, resulting in sensitivity and specificity for post-stroke depression of 86 and 79% respectively; 118 (68.2%) did not present depression or depressive symptoms before the stroke, 33 (19.1%) had previous symptoms and 22 (12.7%) did not answer this specific question. Discussion and conclusion: The results indicate that depression is an important comorbidity in patients with ischemic stroke. In this cohort, most patients did not have depressive symptoms before the stroke. Further studies are important to better assess this association as well as to determine strategies to prevent and to manage this condition.
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Serpa, Pablynne Emanuelle da Silva, CAROLINE DE CALDAS PEREIRA BONA, MARIA EDUARDA SALES DE MORAIS, NELY PIRES DO REGO SOBRINHA, and IZABELLA JÁCOME PARENTE. "DEPRESSÃO E SUAS INTERAÇÕES IMUNOGENÉTICAS." In II Congresso Brasileiro de Imunologia On-line. Revista Multidisciplinar em Saúde, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51161/ii-conbrai/6789.
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Introdução: A depressão é uma patologia de difícil compreensão, por ter um fenótipo heterogêneo, apresentando diferentes manifestações clínicas, características imunológicas e determinantes genéticos. Objetivo: Compreender os determinantes genéticos e a associação da depressão e da terapia antidepressiva com os fatores imunológicos. Material e métodos: Revisão bibliográfica integrativa, utilizando a base de dados do Pubmed e Scielo com os seguintes descritores: “Immunology”, “depression” e “genetics”. Foram selecionados artigos com disponibilidade na íntegra e data de publicação superior aos últimos 7 anos. Foram excluídos artigos repetidos ou que não se enquadravam ao tema. Resultados: A associação entre depressão e imunidade está relacionada aos marcadores inflamatórios e as células natural killer (NK), indicando uma elevação da quantidade de células NK em pacientes deprimidos. Alguns trabalhos observaram uma menor quantidade de células CD4 e CD8, e o seu posterior aumento após terapia antidepressiva. Ademais, os níveis de IL-6 mostraram-se aumentados em pacientes depressivos e menores níveis de IL-2 em comparação a indivíduos saudáveis ou em terapia, indicando uma característica pró-inflamatória da doença. Segundo os estudos, os níveis de IL-6 seriam um bom indicativo da responsividade à terapia, visto que os antidepressivos afetam a produção de citocinas que atuariam como neuromoduladores, mediando os aspectos neuroquímicos, neuroendócrinos e comportamentais dos transtornos depressivos. Em relação aos fatores genéticos, sabe-se a depressão tem uma alta heterogeneidade fenotípica, a qual limita o uso de estudos de associação e pode se manifestar em diferentes gravidades dos sintomas. Entre os estudos analisados, foi encontrada uma relação com disfunções mitocondriais, com diminuição da produção de ATP e de enzimas mitocondriais nos músculos de pessoas com transtorno depressivo maior. Essa disfunção pode ser causada por uma anormalidade do DNA mitocondrial ou por variantes de genes nucleares que codificam proteínas mitocondriais. Modificações epigenéticas que ocorrem durante o transtorno depressivo também são focos de estudos, e essas modificações envolvem principalmente a metilação do DNA e modificação de histonas. Conclusão: Conclui-se que o aumento das citocinas pró-inflamatórias na depressão resultaria nos sintomas da doença, e que tratamentos antidepressivos podem afetar a produção de citocinas. Além disso, as disfunções mitocondriais podem influenciar no desenvolvimento da depressão.
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Innocencio, Giovanna de Camargo, Paulo Roberto Hernandes Júnior, Patrick de Abreu Cunha Lopes, Juliana de Souza Rosa, and Jhoney Francieis Feitosa. "Epidemiological analysis, risk factors and therapeutic plan for post-stroke depression." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.176.
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Background: the stroke is defined by the OMS as the rapid development of neurological symptoms and/or focal signs that last for more than 24 hours, resulting from the sudden change in blood flow to the region. Major depressive disorder is one of the main complications that exist after a stroke. Objectives to correlate the occurrence of depression and stroke, to analyze the risk factors and the best therapeutic approach for the condition. Methods: a literature review was carried out from the Scielo and PubMed database, using as descriptors “Stroke”, “Depression” and “Post-stroke depression”, where 13 articles between 2003 and 2018 were selected. Results: the major depressive disorder is the most common psychiatric complication after strokes. A meta-analysis identified a cumulative incidence of depression from 29% to 52% in the first five years after stroke, although several studies have shown that post-stroke depression is diagnosed in only 10% of cases. When not diagnosed or treated, it is associated with a reduction in the patient’s active participation in the rehabilitation process, a decrease in quality of life and an increase in mortality. Risk factors include previous functional and cognitive impairment, history of depressive disorder, sex, age, previous stroke, hypercortisolemia, poor social support network, neuroanatomical characteristics of the stroke and high serum levels of IL-6. The pharmacological management can be carried out prophylactically or therapeutically, with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors being the most indicated and tricyclic antidepressants as an alternative. Conclusion: the frequency of depressive disorder after stroke is relatively high and characterized as a predictor of poor prognosis. The importance of attention to the multifactorial context in which depression arises and the early treatment of psychiatric comorbidities in post-stroke individuals should be reinforced, since this strategy may reflect on better quality of life and reduction in morbidity and mortality rates that occur after the condition.
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Bauer, Jonathan, Maurice Gerczuk, Bjoern Schuller, and Matthias Berking. "Optimizing speech elicitation tasks for machine learning-based depression assessment." In 2024 AHFE International Conference on Human Factors in Design, Engineering, and Computing (AHFE 2024 Hawaii Edition). AHFE International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1005694.
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THEORETICAL BACKGROUND: The field of machine learning-based speech analysis may provide unobtrusive, time-efficient and cost-effective ways of automated depression assessment. Systematically optimizing speech elicitation tasks may further improve the accuracy of this approach. We hypothesized that machine learning-based depression classification would perform better if trained on recordings of individuals reading anti-depressive statements with the instruction to intone them as convincingly as possible compared to readings of anti-depressive statements without instructions regarding intonation.METHODS: To test this hypothesis, we recruited a sample of 48 clinically depressed individuals, 48 sub-clinically depressed individuals, and 48 non-depressed individuals. Participants from each group were randomly allocated to either the experimental or the control condition. In both conditions, participants read aloud scripted anti-depressive self-statements. Participants in the experimental condition received instructions to heighten the prosodic expression of conviction in their voice, whereas participants in the control condition received no such instructions. Separate classification models aimed at detecting current depression were trained for each condition and with a selection of different machine learning methods. RESULTS: We found that models trained on data from the experimental condition were more accurate and reliable than those trained on data from the control condition. While the former models reached balanced accuracies between 65–76%, the latter only reached balanced accuracies between 36–61%.DISCUSSION: Our results suggest that features of speech elicitation tasks have substantial influence on model performance for automated depression classification. The present findings highlight that speech elicitation tasks including voice modulation instructions can improve the validity and reliability of machine learning-based depression classification.
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Untari, Rita. "The Effect of Brain Gym on Depression Levels in Elderly, Nogosari District, Boyolali, Central Java." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.05.19.
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ABSTRACT Background: Elderly interpreted as a period of decline in physical and psychological functioning. This will have a negative effect on stressful situation and result in depression. This depressive state has an impact on the implementation of daily activities. One cognitive therapy method that can be applied to treat depressive disorders is to do a brain gym. Brain gym strives to activate the left and right brain optimally with simple movements and accompanied by music. This study aimed to determine the effect of the brain gym on depression levels in the elderly. Subjects and Method: This was an experimental one group pre-test and post-test design conducted at Tegalgiri Village, Nogosari, Boyolali, Central Java, from October to November, 2017. A total sample of 27 elderlies was selected by quota sampling. The dependent variable was depression. The independent variables (intervention) were brain gym with eight times and each session lasting 10-15 minutes. The data were collected by Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) version 15. The depression score uses a numerical scale. The data were analyzed by pairwise comparison test. Result: Depression before intervention (Mean= 7.96) after the intervention (Mean= 6.45). The results of the comparison test obtained (r= 0.89; 95% CI= 1.23 to 1.74; t= 11,98, p< 0.001, df= 26). Conclusion: There are different levels of depression before and after the intervention. Brain gym has an influence on the level of depression in the elderly in Tegalgiri Village, Nogosari Boyolali. Encourage local health cadres to further activate integrated healthcare center for the elderly, one of the activities is gymnastics, including a brain gym. Keywords: Elderly, Brain Gym, Depression Correspondence: Rita Untari. School of Health Polytechnic, Surakarta, Jl. Letjen Soetoyo Mojosongo, Surakarta. Email: ritauntari@gmail.com. Mobile: 08164278544 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.05.19
Reports on the topic "Depression"
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LI, Peng, and Junjun Liu. Effect of statin therapy on moderate-to-severe depression: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.3.0016.
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Review question / Objective: We aim to assess the antidepressant effects of statin therapy among patients complicated with moderate to severe depression. Condition being studied: Depression is one of the major causes of disability worldwide, and major depressive disorders (MDD) contribute to a significant heavy disease burden, which is expected to be second by 2050, only to heart disease. Despite great improvement in therapy, the treatment efficacy remains low. Therefore, alternative therapies have been intensely investigated. A substantial body of researches have suggested that inflammation is one of the operative pathways between MDD and increased risk of somatic comorbidities, and some specific depressive symptoms. Depression occurs in most patients with cardiac and cerebrovascular disease due to the long-term effects, and depression increases the risk of cardiovascular disease in the population as a whole and in patients with coronary artery disease or stroke. Several observational studies have demonstrated reduced rates of depression among patients taking statins, which may be related to its anti-inflammatory effect. However, whether statin improves the depressive symptoms and its associated mechanism is still mixed. Furthermore, there is little evidence about statin treatment effect in those with moderate to severe depression. In addition, whether the effect of statin treatment on depressive symptom changes with time or is affected by baseline depression severity or percentage change of lipid levels has not been explored in previous studies.
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Conesa, Juan Carlos, Timothy Kehoe, and Kim Ruhl. Modeling Great Depressions: The Depression in Finland in the 1990s. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, November 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w13591.
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de Quidt, Jonathan, and Johannes Haushofer. Depression for Economists. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, December 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w22973.
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Temin, Peter. The Great Depression. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, November 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/h0062.
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Zhou, Zhuo, Guixing Xu, Liuyang Huang, Hao Tian, Fengyuan Huang, Yilin Liu, Mingsheng Sun, and Fanrong Liang. Effectiveness and Safety of Electroacupuncture for Depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.1.0068.
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Review question / Objective: Is electroacupuncture a safe therapy for the treatment of depression? Is electroacupuncture effective for the treatment of depression, as compared with sham control, or conventional drugs？ Condition being studied: Depression is a mood disorder that causes sufferers to feel sadness, decreased interest, guilt, self-blame, loss of energy, and experience sleep disorders such as insomnia. People suffering from depression even feel they have no way out and have suicidal thoughts. In the United States, the prevalence of a major depressive disorder is 16.2%1-3. The 2010 Global Burden of Disease Study identified major depression as the second leading cause of disability worldwide and a leading cause of the burden of suicide and ischaemic heart disease. At present, depression patients are mainly treated with antidepressants, but the efficacy is extremely unstable. Studies have shown that acupuncture can help improve symptoms in patients with depression, but these clinical studies have not been systematically evaluated, and further confirmation is needed to confirm the efficacy of electroacupuncture in treating depression.
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Bordo, Michael, and Harold James. The Great Depression Analogy. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, December 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w15584.
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Meckel, Katherine, and Bradley Shapiro. Depression and Shopping Behavior. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w29462.
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Kliewer, Hannah, Grayson Sheley, and Sally Humphrey. How Does School-Based Depression Education Effect Depression Scores: A Scoping Review. University of Tennessee Health Science Center, April 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21007/con.dnp.2023.0058.
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Moosburner, Alina, Holger Cramer, Johanna Triana, and Dennis Anheyer. Yoga for depressive disorder– registry of a systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, March 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2023.3.0033.
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Review question / Objective: What is the effect of yoga interventions on depression severity and remission rate in patients with depressive disorders compared to passive and active controls? Condition being studied: The study will focus on clinically diagnosed depression (DSM-IV/-V or ICD-10/-11). Information sources: Following Databases will be searched with the described search term: Medline, Cochrane, Scopus, PsycInfo. As a source of grey literature, BASE (Bielefeld academic search engine) will be searched.
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Margo, Robert. The Microeconomics of Depression Unemployment. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, December 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/h0018.
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