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Ndeshi Namhila, Ellen. "Uncovering hidden historical narratives of village women in Namibia." Qualitative Research Journal 14, no. 3 (November 4, 2014): 243–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/qrj-12-2012-0031.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to describe the research techniques used by the author in collecting, analysing and writing life histories of women in the war during Namibia's independence struggle. The interest in recording and writing about these women arose because writing about the independence struggle of Namibia is dominated by men and little has been written about women; the little that is written tends to portray women as victims rather than as independent actors conscious of their decisions and the consequences of such decisions. This history is in danger of being lost if not tapped while these women are still alive. Design/methodology/approach – A life history approach was followed to appraise the methods used to listening to the women narrating their life stories and to listen to their life stories narrated by those who knew them, worked with them, and shared a prison experience with them. These stories were collected through open interviews followed by more structured interviews with list of open-ended questions with each woman. Life history follows an induction approach, starting with the story and using the stories to create themes and a method or framework guiding the interview recordings, analysing, writing and presentation of the story. Findings – The stories of the five women led to the demystification of woman as mere victims of repressive regimes and military conflicts. In collecting oral history sources on a subject such as the liberation struggle in a society that was torn apart by a prolonged military conflict, apartheid and repression, a researcher must respect the stories as told, but an extensive verification of the credibility and reliability of the sources may be required. Authenticity is undermined by the fact that the current society glorifies the independence struggle, and everybody wants to be on the side of the winners, even those that fought against liberation have today become its evangelists. Research limitations/implications – The sources for the paper depend on what the women could still remember and there are no local institutions such as archives and or newspapers to document the events when they happened. Practical implications – This paper argues the case that publishing women's life stories promotes interests in local history and makes significant impact on the socioeconomic status of women. It further recommends methodological approaches in documenting local histories; dealing with authenticity and integrity in each story. Social implications – The paper shows that publishing the life stories of five village women in a book with the title Tears of Courage had positive impact on their individual lives; and that publishing such oral accounts is an excellent way to lift the contributions by women out of obscurity into the mainstream of Namibian history. Originality/value – It is an original paper written from practical research experiences of identifying sources, documenting, interviewing, analysing, writing and constantly cross referencing to verify authenticity and integrity of both written and oral sources.
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Nolen-Hoeksema, Susan, and Gwendolyn Puryear Keita. "Women and Depression: Introduction." Psychology of Women Quarterly 27, no. 2 (June 2003): 89–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1471-6402.00088.
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Although women's 2 to 1 likelihood of developing a depressive disorder is a well-established fact, research over the last decade has expanded our knowledge of risk factors and issues of treatment and service delivery. The American Psychological Association convened an interdisciplinary Summit in 2000 on Women and Depression to examine these findings and to make recommendations on future research and policy needs, and to highlight treatment implications. This special section contains five articles from the Summit addressing a range of issues, including the relationship between women's depression and their lesser power and status in society (resulting in physical and sexual abuse and poverty), and the menstrual cycle and depression. Additionally, the special section includes articles on the rehabilitation of women with depression and treatment of depressed women in primary care settings.
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Weissman, M., and M. Olfson. "Depression in women: implications for health care research." Science 269, no. 5225 (August 11, 1995): 799–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.7638596.
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Maano, Nghitanwa Emma, Haitembu Teopolina, and Hatupopi Saara Kerthu. "Awareness and perception of women of reproductive age (15-49) regarding breast cancer at Okuryangava clinic, Namibia." Clinical Nursing Studies 8, no. 1 (November 24, 2019): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/cns.v8n1p9.
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Globally cancer of the breast is a challenge, and in Namibia it ranks the third common type of cancer. The purpose of this study was to assess the awareness and perception of women of reproductive age (15-49) regarding breast cancer at Okuryangava clinic. Ethical clearance for the study was obtained from the Ministry of Health and Social Services of Namibia and the University of Namibia research ethical committee. Qualitative and exploratory study design was conducted. After obtained the written consent from participants, data were collected among 10 women with interview guide through face to face interview. The sample size was determined by data saturation. Data were analyzed according to Tesch’s eight steps of data analyses that led to the formation of themes and sub themes. The study found out that majority of women at Okuryangava clinic had awareness about breast cancer. Women had different perception about breast cancer, some believe that breast cancer is curable while others perceive it as a fatal disease. The study also found that participants have knowledge on breast cancer risk factors which may assist in preventive measuresand awareness. The study recommends that the Ministry of Health and Social Services of Namibia should ensure conducting an awareness campaigns to educate the community regarding breast cancer.
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Ell, Kathleen, Kathleen Sanchez, Betsy Vourlekis, Pey-Jiuan Lee, Megan Dwight-Johnson, Isabel Lagomasino, Laila Muderspach, and Christy Russell. "Depression, Correlates of Depression, and Receipt of Depression Care Among Low-Income Women With Breast or Gynecologic Cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 23, no. 13 (May 1, 2005): 3052–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2005.08.041.
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PurposeTo assess the prevalence of depression among low-income, ethnic minority women with breast or gynecologic cancer, receipt of antidepressant medications or counseling services, and correlates of depression.Patients and MethodsStudy patients were 472 women receiving cancer care in an urban public medical center. Women had a primary diagnosis of breast (stage 0 to III) or gynecologic cancer (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage 0 to IIIB). A diagnostic depression screen and baseline questionnaire were administered before or during active treatment or during active follow-up. Self-report data were collected on receipt of depression treatment, use of supportive counseling, pain and receipt of pain medication, functional status and well-being, and perceived barriers to cancer care.ResultsTwenty-four percent of women reported moderate to severe levels of depressive disorder (30% of breast cancer patients and 17% of gynecologic cancer patients). Only 12% of women meeting criteria for major depression reported currently receiving medications for depression, and only 5% of women reported seeing a counselor or participating in a cancer support group. Neither cancer stage nor treatment status was correlated with depression. Primary diagnosis of breast cancer, younger age, greater functional impairment, poorer social and family well-being, anxiety, comorbid arthritis, and fears about treatment side effects were correlated with depression.ConclusionFindings indicate that depressive disorder among ethnic minority, low-income women with breast or gynecologic cancer is prevalent and is correlated with pain, anxiety, and health-related quality of life. Because these women are unlikely to receive depression treatment or supportive counseling, there is a need for routine screening, evaluation, and treatment in this population.
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Stoecker, Holger, and Andreas Winkelmann. "Skulls and skeletons from Namibia in Berlin." Human Remains and Violence: An Interdisciplinary Journal 4, no. 2 (2018): 5–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/hrv.4.2.2.
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From 2010 to 2013 the Charité Human Remains Project researched the provenance of the remains of fifty-seven men and women from the then colony of German South West Africa. They were collected during German colonial rule, especially but not only during the colonial war 1904–8. The remains were identified in anthropological collections of academic institutions in Berlin. The article describes the history of these collections, the aims, methods and interdisciplinary format of provenance research as well as its results and finally the restitutions of the remains to Namibia in 2011 and 2014.
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Sangon, Sopin. "Predictors of Depression in Thai Women." Research and Theory for Nursing Practice 18, no. 2 (June 1, 2004): 243–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/rtnp.18.2.243.61276.
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Cook, Judith A. "Depression, Disability, and Rehabilitation Services for Women." Psychology of Women Quarterly 27, no. 2 (June 2003): 121–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1471-6402.00092.
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The purpose of this paper is to review scientific evidence for the co-occurrence of major depressive illness and disability, and to examine this phenomenon specifically for women in the United States today. Following a discussion of different ways of operationalizing the concept of disability, the analysis addresses gender biases in disability measurement as well as in recent research on depression and functional impairment. Next, the results of research regarding co-occurrence of disability and depression are reviewed, highlighting those studies focused specifically on women. Turning to research on rehabilitation services for those with psychiatric disabilities, studies suggest that service delivery models fail to address needs specific to women with mental illness in general, as well as those women experiencing severe depression. Thus, the analysis concludes with a series of suggestions and future directions for investigators seeking to better understand the linkages between depression, disability, and rehabilitation services for women.
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Carrington, Christine H. "Clinical depression in African American women: Diagnoses, treatment, and research." Journal of Clinical Psychology 62, no. 7 (2006): 779–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20289.
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Corwin, Elizabeth J., Ruth Kohen, Monica Jarrett, and Brian Stafford. "The Heritability of Postpartum Depression." Biological Research For Nursing 12, no. 1 (May 7, 2010): 73–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1099800410362112.
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Postpartum depression (PPD) is a serious mood disorder that may carry life-long consequences for a woman and her family. Multiple risk factors for PPD have been identified, including psychosocial, situational, and biological stimuli, several of which are experienced by most, if not all, postpartum women. Given the commonality of these risk factors, it is unclear why fewer than 20% of postpartum women actually develop PPD. In this review, we suggest that different susceptibility to PPD among postpartum women may be explained by the presence or absence of genetic variants that confer increased risk. We review three categories of genes known to code for proteins associated with depression in the general population or proteins known to be affected by childbirth for their possible association with PPD, including genes related to central nervous system monoamine availability, proinflammatory cytokines, and brain neuropeptides. Only two studies are available in the literature to date specifically looking at polymorphisms in postpartum women as related to PPD; both are concerned with monoamine availability. These are discussed in further depth. Conclusions regarding the contribution of genetic polymorphisms to the development of PPD are mixed. Ultimately, the complexity of the disorder and the interrelationships among different genes thought to contribute to depression suggest that much more research is required to understand the heritability of PPD. The complexity of the disorder also suggests that epigenetic influences must be considered as well when discussing susceptibility.
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Nicolson, Paula. "Counselling women with post natal depression: Implications from recent qualitative research." Counselling Psychology Quarterly 2, no. 2 (April 1989): 123–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09515078908256672.
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Le, Huynh-Nhu, Ma Asunción Lara, and Deborah F. Perry. "Recruiting Latino women in the U.S. and women in Mexico in postpartum depression prevention research." Archives of Women's Mental Health 11, no. 2 (May 28, 2008): 159–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00737-008-0009-6.
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Hunt, Jenny, and Myra Cooper. "SELECTIVE MEMORY BIAS IN WOMEN WITH BULIMIA NERVOSA AND WOMEN WITH DEPRESSION." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 29, no. 1 (January 2001): 93–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465801001102.
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Memory bias for weight and shape, and for food related words, was investigated in women with bulimia nervosa (12), women with depression (12) and female nonclinical controls (18). The aim of this study was to investigate whether women with bulimia nervosa demonstrate memory biases congruent with their primary concerns. Participants listened to target and control words. They performed a self-referent encoding task and recall memory was assessed. The results indicated that women with bulimia nervosa demonstrated a bias to recall positive and negative weight and shape related words compared to emotional words, but not compared to neutral nouns and body words. Memory biases for food related words were not found to be specific to women with bulimia nervosa, but were also found in women with depression. Contrary to previous research the recall bias for food related words was related to levels of hunger, in both groups. The findings provide partial support for memory biases for weight and shape, but not food related information in bulimia nervosa. These findings and their implications for existing research on information processing in eating disorders are discussed.
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Jarrett, Patricia M. "Pregnant women’s experience of depression care." Journal of Mental Health Training, Education and Practice 11, no. 1 (March 14, 2016): 33–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmhtep-05-2015-0023.
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Purpose – Up to 25 per cent of women will experience depression during their pregnancy. Perinatal mental health problems are a leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality, however care provided to women is often a low priority. The purpose of this paper is to explore women’s perspective of care from GPs and midwives, when they experience symptoms of depression during pregnancy. Design/methodology/approach – Women, with self-reported symptoms of depression, were invited to post comments in response to a series of on-line questions posted on two discussion forums over a nine month period. The questions were related to the care women received from GPs and midwives. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Findings – In total, 22 women responded to the on-line questions. A number of themes were identified from the data including women’s disclosure of symptoms to GPs and midwives; lack of knowledge of perinatal mental health among health providers; attitudes of staff and systemic issues as barriers to good care; anti-depressant therapy and care that women found helpful. Research limitations/implications – Women often face significant emotional and psychological health issues in the transition to motherhood. This small study indicates women often experience difficulties in interacting with their GP and midwife in seeking help. This research has identified some contributing factors, however more rigorous research is needed to explore these complex issues. Originality/value – This paper highlights service provision in the care of women with depression in pregnancy.
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Gnanajothy, Rosana, Jennifer Aileen Correll, and Lindsay Leuthen Peterson. "Psychosocial well-being assessment in women with breast cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 34, no. 3_suppl (January 20, 2016): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2016.34.3_suppl.207.
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207 Background: A breast cancer (BC) diagnosis can affect psychosocial wellbeing. The goal of the current study is to identify the severity of and specific risk factors for depression, anxiety, and quality of life impairment in a sample of BC patients. Early identification of at risk individuals can expedite appropriate referrals and interventions. Methods: Data from 53 female BC patients referred to a Behavioral Medicine service at a large academic medical center in 2013-2015 by medical providers who identified distress at routine clinic visits were analyzed. Patients completed the Center for Epidemiology Studies Depression Scale, State Trait Anxiety Inventory, McGill Pain Questionnaire, and the Short Form 12 Quality of Life Inventory as part of their initial assessment following referral. Demographic factors, disease and treatment related factors were analyzed for correlation with psychosocial wellbeing. Results: Mean age was 52. The majority of the population were Caucasian (79%), and 53% were married. All stages of disease were represented. Significant depression, anxiety and psychological quality of life impairment were seen in 53%, 50%, and 39% of patients respectively. There was a trend towards a significant difference in higher anxiety scores in patients who were not on chemotherapy (M=44.2, SD 5.4) compared to those on chemotherapy at the time of assessment (M=38.54, SD 9.3; t (51) = -1.94 p=0.077). A positive correlation was seen between depression and pain scores (r 0.294, p=0.038). Depression and psychological quality of life scores were negatively correlated (r -0.632 p<0.001), as were pain and physical quality of life scores (r -.343, p 0.024). There was no correlation between higher rates of depression or anxiety with type of surgical intervention or stage of disease. Conclusions: Significant depression, anxiety and quality of life impairment were seen in a large percentage of BC patients referred to Behavioral Medicine for perceived distress, regardless of type of surgery and disease stage. Higher rates of anxiety were seen in patients referred while not on chemotherapy compared to patients who were on chemotherapy at the time of referral. Early referral is the key to proper identification and treatment of high risk individuals.
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Boulkrane, Mohamed Said, Julia Fedotova, Valentina Kolodyaznaya, Vincenzo Micale, Filippo Drago, Annemieke Johanna Maria van den Tol, and Denis Baranenko. "Vitamin D and Depression in Women: A Mini-review." Current Neuropharmacology 18, no. 4 (March 20, 2020): 288–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570159x17666191108111120.
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: Affective-related disorders, including depression, are constantly rising, complicating people's personal lifestyle increasing disqualification and hospital care. Because of the high intensity of urbanization, our lifestyle and food have altered dramatically in the last twenty years. These food modifications have been associated with scores of depression and other affective-related disorders in urbanized countries with high economic levels. Nutrients imbalance is considered as one of the critical causes enabling the pathophysiological mechanisms for the development of psychiatric disorders. The application of additional nutritional interventions for treatment of mood deteriorations can be beneficial for both the prophylaxis and therapy of affective-related disorders. This paper will review recent research on the relation of Vitamin D levels and the epidemiology of depression in women. : In this paper, we will provide an overview of the results of a variety of different studies taking into account research which both suggests and refutes an association. Based on these findings we will propose important directions for future research in relation to this topic.
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Menon, Manoj, Elizabeth Krantz, and Corey Casper. "Correlates of cervical cancer screening from four Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries: Results from the Demographic Health Survey (DHS)—2013-2015." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2017): e18006-e18006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.e18006.
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e18006 Background: Widespread cervical cancer screening has led to a dramatic reduction in cervical-cancer related mortality in resource-rich regions. However, cervical cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related death in SSA due in part to a lack of accessible screening and treatment options. Methods: The DHS is a nationally representative household survey designed by ICF International and typically implemented every 5 years. In addition to demographic characteristics, select surveys collect data on cervical cancer awareness and screening. We included women aged ≥21 years from Côte d'Ivoire, Kenya, Namibia, and Zimbabwe who participated in the DHS. After sample weights were applied, we used logistic regression to examine associations of demographics and national cervical cancer incidence (as per the International Agency on Research on Cancer) with cervical cancer screening. Factors with p < 0.20 in bivariate analyses were included in a multivariate model. Results: We analyzed data from 45,947 women aged 21 to 49 years (mean = 32.2); 69% were married with an average of 3 children. Nearly half had completed secondary education (47%), 73% were literate, and 48% belonged to the highest two wealth quintiles. Over 70% of women were aware of cervical cancer; 24% of all women reported a previous screening exam with variation by country. Namibia, with the highest rates of screening (46%), had the lowest incidence. In multivariate analyses, cervical cancer screening was associated with increasing age (OR = 1.06; CI = 1.05, 1.07), education (OR = 1.48; CI = 1.30, 1.69), literacy (OR = 1.80; CI = 1.53, 2.13), and wealth (OR = 1.14; CI = 1.09, 1.20). Higher cervical cancer incidence at the national level (OR = .980; CI = .976, .983) and rural residence (OR = .839; CI = .738, .953) were inversely associated with odds of cervical cancer screening. Conclusions: Based on DHS data from four SSA countries, awareness of cervical cancer is high, but receipt of cervical cancer screening is low and may be associated with reductions in cervical cancer incidence. Targeted efforts to increase utilization of cervical cancer screening in SSA are warranted to reduce the preventable burden of cervical cancer.
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Chen, Fang, Hao Yu, Caining Zhao, Fan Zhang, Yaqing Nong, Zhiyuan Xu, Li Yang, et al. "Depression in women breast cancer patients receiving radiation therapy: A pilot study." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2020): e12546-e12546. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.e12546.
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e12546 Background: The purpose of this study is to study depression and its risk factors at baseline and explore the changes of depression status during the course of radiation therapy in breast patients. Methods: This is part of a prospective study of treatment toxicity and quality of life. Breast cancer patients, aged 18-year old and above requiring adjuvant radiation therapy were eligible. The primary endpoint depression was assessed by a self-addressed “depression” questionnaires according to NCI “PROMIS”. The Questionnaires were completed one day prior to, during and at the end of treatment. Patient, tumor and prior treatment factors were collected. Cancer specific symptoms were collected by treating physicians and graded according to NIH/NCI CTCAE v4.0. The variables of our interest included age, menopausal status, N-stage,pathology stage, immunohistochemisty, surgical approaches,margin,prior treatments and radiation models. Data are presented as mean (95% confidence interval) unless otherwise specified. Statistical significances were tested using generalized linear model, pearson correlation and t-text. Ps less than 0.05 were considered to be significant. Results: Between July 2019 and January 2020, a total of 185 patients enrolled and completed the PROMIS questionaires. Before RT commencement, 50/185 (27.0%) had some levels of depressive feeling including 40/185 (21.6%), 10/185 (5.4%), and 0/185 (0%) patients for “rarely” (score = 5-8), “sometimes” (score = 9-12), “often” (score = 13-16), and “always” (score 17-20), respectively. Interestingly, N stage and pathology staging group were significantly associated with the depression at baseline while age, menopausal status, immunohistochemistry, previous chemo cycles, chemo regimens and anti-Her2 taget therapy were not. At the end of RT, 51/149 (34.2%) patients had depression level changed, though the absolute lumped scores of depression did not change significantly (p = 0.437). Changes in depression during were significantly associated with menopausal status (p = 0.015) while grade 2 and above toxicities were not (p = 0.421). Conclusions: Depression feeling is not uncommon in breast patients receiving adjuvant radiation. Future study may identify patients with depression and associated risk factors so that proper intervention may be applied to improve long-term survival and quality of life in patients.
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Menzies, Victoria, Debra E. Lyon, R. K. Elswick, Alison J. Montpetit, and Nancy L. McCain. "Psychoneuroimmunological Relationships in Women With Fibromyalgia." Biological Research For Nursing 15, no. 2 (December 15, 2011): 219–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1099800411424204.
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Introduction:The purpose of this pilot study was to characterize the relationships among perceived stress, pain, fatigue, depression, anxiety, biomarkers, and functional status in women with fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) using a psychoneuroimmunological (PNI) framework.Materials and Method:Using a cross-sectional, correlational design, the authors asked 50 women diagnosed with FMS to complete the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Brief Pain Inventory (BPI), Brief Fatigue Inventory (BFI), Center for Epidemiological Studies—Depression scale, State–Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and Functional Impact Questionnaire. The authors analyzed plasma levels of 17 cytokines using a BioPlex® assay and levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) using a high-sensitivity enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results:Compared to published guidelines (>3 mg/L reflects high inflammation), CRP levels were elevated in participating women. Perceived stress demonstrated positive correlations with pain, fatigue, depression, anxiety, and functional status and negative correlations with monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1( r = −.30) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β; r = −.29). Pain severity correlated with macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1β ( r = .29), and pain interference negatively correlated with IL-1β ( r = −.30). Fatigue negatively correlated with IL-1β ( r = −.32), interleukin-10 (IL-10; r = −.31), and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF; r = −.31). Depressive symptoms correlated with CRP ( r = .31).Discussion:Relationships among perceived stress and symptoms supported the PNI framework. Study findings are similar to previous studies showing that cytokines in persons with FMS do not show a consistent pattern. The elevated CRP levels suggest higher levels of generalized inflammation in the sample and provide evidence for continued development of biobehavioral interventions to address both symptoms and their biological markers over time.
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Constantino, Rose E., L. Kathleen Sekula, Bruce Rabin, and Clement Stone. "Negative Life Experiences Negative Life Experiences, Depression, and Immune Function in Abused and Nonabused Women." Biological Research For Nursing 1, no. 3 (January 2000): 190–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/109980040000100304.
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Abuse of women by their intimate partner is a staggering national problem. Abused women have a higher number of medically unexplained somatic symptoms, more functional disability, a lower selfrating of general health, and higher health care utilization when compared to nonabused women. The authors’ purpose in this study was to examine differences in occurrences of negative life experiences, level of depression, and T-cell function between abused and nonabused women. The sample consisted of abused women ( n = 12) and nonabused women ( n = 12). Hypotheses tested were (1) abused women will have more negative life experiences than nonabused women, (2) abused women will have higher levels of depression than nonabused women, and (3) abused women will have reduced T-cell function compared to nonabused women. A cross-sectional cohort design was used to compare differences in negative life experiences, levels of depression, and T-cell function. Independent samplet -tests were performed comparing the abused versus nonabused women on the dependent measures. Significant differences were found between the groups for negative life experiences (LES;t = 2.29,p < 0.05), level of depression (BDI;t = 3.48,p < 0.01), and T-cell function (TMR;t = –5.62,p < 0.01). These findings are descriptive and do not establish causal links. However, this is an inquiry into the psychological and biobehavioral responses of women experiencing abuse and their potential health problems. The study shows that abused women reported more negative life experiences, experienced higher levels of depression, and experienced lower T-cell function when compared with nonabused women.
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Hammen, Constance. "Adolescent Depression." Current Directions in Psychological Science 18, no. 4 (August 2009): 200–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8721.2009.01636.x.
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High rates of diagnosable depression in adolescence, especially among young women, present challenging clinical and research issues. Depression not only portends current maladjustment but may also signal risk for recurrent or chronic depression and its associated impairment. Because depression is most often a response to stressful events and circumstances, it is important to understand the stress context itself. Individuals with depression histories are known to contribute to the occurrence of interpersonal and other stressors at a high rate, and for young women particularly, the occurrence of interpersonal stressors and conditions in turn predicts recurrences of depression, in a vicious cycle. Interpersonal dysfunction in early adolescence predicts the likelihood of continuing maladaptive functioning in peer, family, romantic, and parenting roles. The transmission of depression from one generation to the next involves not only heritable factors but also the likelihood that depressed youth become caught in life contexts of marital and parenting discord that portend dysfunction for their offspring and continuing depression for themselves.
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Chesney, M. A. "Social isolation, depression, and heart disease: research on women broadens the agenda." Psychosomatic Medicine 55, no. 5 (September 1993): 434–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006842-199309000-00006.
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Suppli, Nis P., Christoffer Johansen, Lars V. Kessing, Anita Toender, Niels Kroman, Marianne Ewertz, and Susanne O. Dalton. "Survival After Early-Stage Breast Cancer of Women Previously Treated for Depression: A Nationwide Danish Cohort Study." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 3 (January 20, 2017): 334–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2016.68.8358.
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Purpose The aim of this nationwide, register-based cohort study was to determine whether women treated for depression before primary early-stage breast cancer are at increased risk for receiving treatment that is not in accordance with national guidelines and for poorer survival. Material and Methods We identified 45,325 women with early breast cancer diagnosed in Denmark from 1998 to 2011. Of these, 744 women (2%) had had a previous hospital contact (as an inpatient or outpatient) for depression and another 6,068 (13%) had been treated with antidepressants. Associations between previous treatment of depression and risk of receiving nonguideline treatment of breast cancer were assessed in multivariable logistic regression analyses. We compared the overall survival, breast cancer–specific survival, and risk of death by suicide of women who were and were not treated for depression before breast cancer in multivariable Cox regression analyses. Results Tumor stage did not indicate a delay in diagnosis of breast cancer in women previously treated for depression; however, those given antidepressants before breast cancer had a significantly increased risk of receiving nonguideline treatment (odds ratio, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.03 to 1.27) and significantly worse overall survival (hazard ratio, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.14 to 1.28) and breast cancer–specific survival (hazard ratio, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.03 to 1.20). Increased but nonsignificant estimated risks were also found for women with previous hospital contacts for depression. In subgroup analyses, the association of depression with poor survival was particularly strong among women who did not receive the indicated adjuvant systemic therapy. Conclusion Women previously treated for depression constitute a large subgroup of patients with breast cancer who are at risk for receiving nonguideline breast cancer treatment, which probably contributes to poorer overall and breast cancer–specific survival.
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Traeger, Lara, Sheila Cannon, Nancy L. Keating, William F. Pirl, Christopher Lathan, Michelle Y. Martin, Yulei He, and Elyse R. Park. "Race by Sex Differences in Depression Symptoms and Psychosocial Service Use Among Non-Hispanic Black and White Patients With Lung Cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 32, no. 2 (January 10, 2014): 107–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.46.6466.
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Purpose This study examined race by sex differences in depression symptoms and psychosocial service use (pastors, social workers, mental health workers, support groups) among patients with lung cancer. Patients and Methods The multiregional Cancer Care Outcomes Research and Surveillance study surveyed black and white adults with stages I to III lung cancer (n = 1,043) about depression symptoms, interest in help for mood, and psychosocial service use. Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate race/sex differences in depression symptoms (modified Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale ≥ 6) and psychosocial service use, independent of demographic, clinical, psychosocial, and behavioral covariates. Results A total of 18.2% screened positive for depression symptoms. This proportion was highest among black men (24.7%), followed by white women (20.6%), black women (15.8%), and white men (15.0%). In adjusted analyses, white women showed greater risk for depression symptoms relative to black women (P = .01) and white men (P = .002), with no other differences among groups. Black patients were less likely than white patients to receive desired help for mood from their doctors (P = .02), regardless of sex. Among all patients, black women were most likely to have contact with pastoral care and social work. Conclusion Race and sex interacted to predict risk of depression symptoms. Covariates accounted for elevated risk among black men. White women showed greater risk than black women and white men, independent of covariates. Black patients may experience greater barriers to receiving help for mood from their doctors. Race by sex differences in contact with psychosocial services highlight potential differences in the extent to which services are available, acceptable, and/or sought by patients.
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Do, Thi Kim Ly, Thi Thanh Huong Nguyen, and Thi Thu Huong Pham. "Postpartum Depression and Risk Factors among Vietnamese Women." BioMed Research International 2018 (September 18, 2018): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4028913.
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Postpartum depression (PPD) places a burden on maternal health. PPD exerts a negative impact on mothers’ health and children’s life. The purpose of this research was to identify the prevalence of PPD and the risk factors contributing to PPD. Therefore, a cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted. 116 women were categorized into two groups. One category included new mothers who received scores of Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS) 12 or more. The other category included mothers who received scores less than 12. Descriptive statistic and then binary logistic regression were also performed. For EPDS ≥ 12, the prevalence of PPD was 27.6% among new mothers during the first year after delivery. Level of education, diseases during pregnancy, being the first-time mothers, dissatisfaction about family, and limited communication and interaction with others were significant predictors of PPD.
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Giese-Davis, Janine, Kate Collie, Kate M. S. Rancourt, Eric Neri, Helena C. Kraemer, and David Spiegel. "Decrease in Depression Symptoms Is Associated With Longer Survival in Patients With Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Secondary Analysis." Journal of Clinical Oncology 29, no. 4 (February 1, 2011): 413–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2010.28.4455.
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Purpose Numerous studies have examined the comorbidity of depression with cancer, and some have indicated that depression may be associated with cancer progression or survival. However, few studies have assessed whether changes in depression symptoms are associated with survival. Methods In a secondary analysis of a randomized trial of supportive-expressive group therapy, 125 women with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) completed a depression symptom measure (Center for Epidemiologic Studies–Depression Scale [CES-D]) at baseline and were randomly assigned to a treatment group or to a control group that received educational materials. At baseline and three follow-up points, 101 of 125 women completed a depression symptom measure. We used these data in a Cox proportional hazards analysis to examine whether decreasing depression symptoms over the first year of the study (the length of the intervention) would be associated with longer survival. Results Median survival time was 53.6 months for women with decreasing CES-D scores over 1 year and 25.1 months for women with increasing CES-D scores. There was a significant effect of change in CES-D over the first year on survival out to 14 years (P = .007) but no significant interaction between treatment condition and CES-D change on survival. Neither demographic nor medical variables explained this association. Conclusion Decreasing depression symptoms over the first year were associated with longer subsequent survival for women with MBC in this sample. Further research is necessary to confirm this hypothesis in other samples, and causation cannot be assumed based on this analysis.
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Spence, Naomi J., Daniel E. Adkins, and Matthew E. Dupre. "Racial Differences in Depression Trajectories among Older Women." Journal of Health and Social Behavior 52, no. 4 (October 21, 2011): 444–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022146511410432.
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Despite recent increases in life course research on mental illness, important questions remain about the social patterning of, and explanations for, depression trajectories among women in later life. The authors investigate competing theoretical frameworks for the age patterning of depressive symptoms and the physical health, socioeconomic, and family mechanisms differentiating black and white women. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Mature Women, the authors use linear mixed (growth curve) models to estimate trajectories of distress for women aged 52 to 81 years ( N = 3,182). The results demonstrate that: (1) there are persistently higher levels of depressive symptoms among black women relative to white women throughout later life; (2) physical health and socioeconomic status account for much of the racial gap in depressive symptoms; and (3) marital status moderates race differences in distress. The findings highlight the importance of physical health, family, and socioeconomic status in racial disparities in mental health.
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Thorson, James A., and F. C. Powell. "Depression and Sense of Humor." Psychological Reports 75, no. 3_suppl (December 1994): 1473–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1994.75.3f.1473.
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This research note provides partial confirmation of a negative relationship between depression and sense of humor previously reported by Deaner and McConatha in 1993. Here, for 213 women and 134 men, r was –.18.
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Labaka, Ainitze, Olatz Goñi-Balentziaga, Andrea Lebeña, and Joana Pérez-Tejada. "Biological Sex Differences in Depression: A Systematic Review." Biological Research For Nursing 20, no. 4 (May 14, 2018): 383–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1099800418776082.
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Depression is the leading cause of disability worldwide, and its prevalence is 2 times higher in women than in men. There is, however, a lack of data on sex-specific pathophysiology of this disorder. The purpose of this systematic review is to identify the biological sex differences found in major depressive disorder (MDD) in studies published in the last 10 years. We conducted a literature search using the Medline, PsycInfo, PubMed, and Web of Science databases, selecting English-language studies that included physiological measures compared by sex in addition to MDD. We identified 20 relevant studies, which consisted primarily of mixed methodology and samples. The reported physiological measures comprised a variety of serum biomarkers, gene mRNA expression, and brain activity. Findings suggest different biological patterns in those with MDD depending on sex. Specifically, women presented higher levels of inflammatory, neurotrophic, and serotonergic markers and a stronger correlation between levels of some inflammatory and neurotrophic factors and the severity of symptoms. This review provides information about possible different biological patterns for women and men with depressive disorder and may have important implications for treatment. Future research should include homogeneous samples; make comparisons based on sex, control sex hormone fluctuations and pharmacological treatment; and use consistent criteria for evaluating psychobiological changes in MDD.
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Shimabukuro, K. A., K. L. Clark, W. A. Bardwell, and J. E. Mortimer. "Physical health and depression as predictors of fatigue in women with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy." Journal of Clinical Oncology 24, no. 18_suppl (June 20, 2006): 8591. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.8591.
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8591 Background: Fatigue is common in breast cancer patients undergoing systemic chemotherapy and is also linked with depression. We evaluated the importance of physical health and depression in the fatigue reported by women with early-stage breast cancer undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy. Methodology: 75 women treated for Stage I-II breast cancer were assessed within 1mo after initiating chemotherapy (‘baseline‘) and at 2, 6 and 12mo. Scales included the Profile of Mood States (POMS) & SF36 quality of life (QOL) survey. The POMS contains fatigue and depression subscales (higher scores, worse mood symptoms). The SF36 is comprised of 4 physical and 4 mental health subscales (higher scores, better QOL). Results: 26 Stage I (46.4%) and 30 (53.6%) Stage II breast cancer patients provided baseline data (median age 53yrs; range 28–82 yrs). Fatigue decreased significantly from baseline to 12mo (p<0.01). Using Pearson correlations, worse physical health summary scores (r= −0.55, p<0.01) and higher depression scores (r=0.55, p<0.01) were independently linked with fatigue at baseline. In partial correlations controlling for depression, the relationship between physical health and fatigue remained significant (p<0.01), but was reduced in strength by 27%, although, the influence of depression on fatigue diminished over time. Similar patterns were observed for 3 of the SF36 physical health subscales. However, the relationship between fatigue and bodily pain was unchanged when controlling for depression (p<0.01), suggesting a strong independent relationship. In linear regression models, depression predicted fatigue at all time points and was the strongest predictor at baseline and 2mo; however physical health subscales assumed increasing importance in accounting for fatigue at 6 and 12mo. Conclusion: Depression is the strongest predictor of fatigue during chemotherapy, however, over time physical health variables become increasingly important at predicting fatigue in women with early stage breast cancer. Conducted at Washington University, supported by NIH CA72554–02 No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Avis, Nancy E. "Depression During the Menopausal Transition." Psychology of Women Quarterly 27, no. 2 (June 2003): 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1471-6402.00089.
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The perception that menopause leads to mood disturbances such as depression has a long history. How did these beliefs come about, and are they supported by the scientific literature? This article reviews the theories of menopause and depression, the scientific literature, and the implications of these findings for prevention and treatment. Epidemiologic studies of menopausal status and depression do not provide consistent evidence of an association between the menopausal transition and depression among the general population of women. Depression experienced by women transitioning through menopause may be attributed to factors unrelated to menopause. A subset of women, however, may be more vulnerable to the effects of hormonal changes. For some women, short-term estrogen replacement therapy to relieve vasomotor symptoms may be beneficial, although for others psychotherapy or antidepressants may be more appropriate. Additional research is needed to better understand the association between different stages of the menopausal transition and dysphoric mood or depression, and better identification of women potentially at risk for depression during the menopausal transition.
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Carreira, Helena, Rachael Williams, Garth Funston, Susannah Jane Stanway, and Krishnan Bhaskaran. "Risk of anxiety and depression in breast cancer survivors compared to women who have never had cancer: A population-based cohort study in the United Kingdom." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2019): 1564. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.1564.
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1564 Background: Breast cancer survivors are the largest group of cancer survivors in the United Kingdom (UK). Having had a breast cancer diagnosis may adversely affect the patient’s mental health. We aimed to estimate the long-term risk of anxiety and depression in women with history of breast cancer compared to those who have never had cancer. Methods: We conducted a matched population-based cohort study, using data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) GOLD primary care database. The exposed cohort included all adult women diagnosed with breast cancer between 1987 and 2018; the unexposed group included women with no cancer history, matched to exposed women in a 4:1 ratio on primary care practice and age. Cox regression models stratified on matched set were used to estimate hazard ratios of the association between breast cancer survivorship and anxiety and depression. Results: 59,972 women (mean 62 years; standard deviation (SD) 14.0) had history of breast cancer. The median follow-up time was 3.0 years (SD 4.4), which amounted to 256,186 person-years under observation. The comparison group included 240,387 women followed up over 3.5 years (SD 4.5) (1,163,819 person-years). The incidence of anxiety in breast cancer survivors was 0.08 (95% confidence interval (95%) 0.07-0.08) per 1000 person-years, and the incidence of depression was 70 (95%CI 68-71) per 1000 person-years. The risks of both depression and anxiety were raised in breast cancer survivors compared with controls, and this appeared to be driven by the first 3 years following diagnosis (Table). Conclusions: Breast cancer survivors in the UK had significantly higher risk anxiety and depression diagnosed in primary care for three years following diagnosis than women who never had cancer. Risk of anxiety and depression in breast cancer survivors compared to women who did not have cancer by time since diagnosis. [Table: see text]
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Corwin, Elizabeth J., Nancy Johnston, and Linda Pugh. "Symptoms of Postpartum Depression Associated With Elevated Levels of Interleukin-1 Beta During the First Month Postpartum." Biological Research For Nursing 10, no. 2 (October 2008): 128–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1099800408323220.
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Postpartum depression (PPD) is a devastating disorder that may carry lifetime consequences. Although several psychosocial risks for PPD have been identified, biological contributors are unclear. Elevated inflammatory cytokines contribute to depression in nonpregnant, nonpostpartum populations; yet, their role in PPD has been minimally studied. The objective of this study is to determine whether inflammatory cytokines early in the postpartum period contribute to the development of PPD. Women were recruited within 24 hr of delivery, and 26 provided urine for analysis of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) on postpartum days 7, 14, and 28. Participants completed a depression symptom survey (Centers for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; CES-D) on Day 28. An increase in IL-1β was seen on Day 14 in women with symptoms of depression (CES-D ! 11) on Day 28 compared to levels in women without depressive symptoms (F = 4.50, p = .045). These preliminary findings suggest elevated IL-1β early in the postpartum period may increase the risk of PPD. Further studies involving a larger sample of women, including those clinically diagnosed with PPD, are required.
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BEBBINGTON, PAUL E. "Sex and depression." Psychological Medicine 28, no. 1 (January 1998): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291797006065.
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Sex differences in rates of depressive disorder have not been convincingly explained, and this reflects a more general failure of research to provide a comprehensive aetiological account of depression. The difference can be used as a probe for evaluating the research base of integrative models of depressive disorder (e.g. Akiskal & McKinney, 1975). It is particularly likely to be illuminating if the causes of the sex difference do not overlap completely the causes of depression itself. While there have been many reviews in the area (Weissman & Klerman, 1977; Kessler & McRae, 1981; Wolk & Weissman, 1995; Bebbington, 1996), this point has not been adequately expressed.Several lines of investigation are necessary for assessing the relative importance of social, psychological and biological influences: the epidemiological study of macrosocial variables and of age effects; temperament, personality, and attributional and coping styles; the experience of psychosocial adversity; and the possibility of increased susceptibility to some forms of stress in women. Both the tendency to affiliation and the requirement for social support may differ by sex. The particular strains of the roles available to women may increase their risk of depression. Possible genetic explanations of the sex difference are of special relevance because of their implications for biological differences. The latter can also be studied directly: hormonal theories in particular must be evaluated.
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Chen, Xiaoli, Wei Lu, Ying Zheng, Kai Gu, Zhi Chen, Wei Zheng, and Xiao Ou Shu. "Exercise, Tea Consumption, and Depression Among Breast Cancer Survivors." Journal of Clinical Oncology 28, no. 6 (February 20, 2010): 991–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.23.0565.
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Purpose To examine the association of lifestyle factors and supplement use with depression among breast cancer survivors. Patients and Methods In a population-based cohort study conducted between April 2002 and December 2006 in Shanghai, China, a total of 1,399 women who were diagnosed with stage 0 to III breast cancer completed 6-month and 18-month postdiagnosis, in-person interviews. Information on sociodemographic, clinical, and lifestyle factors were collected through the interviews and through review of medical charts at approximately 6 months postdiagnosis. A metabolic equivalent (MET) score was calculated from reported exercise activities. Quality of life (QOL) was evaluated by the Medical Outcomes Short Form-36 Health Survey at 6 months postdiagnosis. Depressive symptoms were measured by using a 20-item Center for Epidemiological Studies–Depression Scale at approximately 18 months postdiagnosis. Results Overall, 26% of women reported depressive symptoms and 13% met the criteria of clinical depression at 18 months postdiagnosis. Women with a higher exercise level (ie, ≥ 8.3 MET h/wk) were less likely to have depression than nonexercisers; the multivariate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were 0.71 (95% CI, 0.47 to 1.07) for mild depression and 0.56 (95% CI, 0.35 to 0.88) for clinical depression in analyses controlled for sociodemographic and clinical factors and baseline QOL. Women who increased their exercise level had lower risk for depression. Regular tea consumption (ie, > 100 g dried tea leaves/mo) was inversely associated with overall depression (OR, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.19 to 0.84). No associations were found for dietary intake or supplement use with depression. Conclusion Regular exercise participation and tea consumption may play an important role in the prevention of depression among breast cancer survivors.
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McBride, Trish, and Jane Fuller. "ThroughBlue: A support group for women affected by depression." Aotearoa New Zealand Social Work 25, no. 1 (May 19, 2016): 54–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.11157/anzswj-vol25iss1id98.
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Recent US research has validated the benefits and therapeutic value of peer support groups as a treatment component for depression, as has a 2008 Australian study of a women’s mental health support group. As facilitators working weekly with ThroughBlue, a support group of women who have experience of depression, we had already discovered the truth of their findings. This paper is a description of the way this Wellington group works, and may be of use to others looking to set up or facilitate similar groups elsewhere.
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Suppli, Nis P., Christoffer Johansen, Jane Christensen, Lars V. Kessing, Niels Kroman, and Susanne O. Dalton. "Increased Risk for Depression After Breast Cancer: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study of Associated Factors in Denmark, 1998-2011." Journal of Clinical Oncology 32, no. 34 (December 1, 2014): 3831–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.54.0419.
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Purpose To investigate the risk for first depression, assessed as incident hospital contacts for depression and incident use of antidepressants, among women with breast cancer. Patients and Methods Danish national registries were used to identify 1,997,669 women with no diagnosis of cancer or a major psychiatric disorder. This cohort was followed from 1998 to 2011 for a diagnosis of breast cancer and for the two outcomes, hospital contact for depression and redeemed prescriptions for antidepressants. Rate ratios for incident hospital contacts for depression and incident use of antidepressants were estimated with Poisson regression models. Multivariable Cox regression was used to evaluate factors associated with the two outcomes among patients with breast cancer. Results We identified 44,494 women with breast cancer. In the first year after diagnosis, the rate ratio for a hospital contact for depression was 1.70 (95% CI 1.41 to 2.05) and that for use of antidepressants was 3.09 (95% CI 2.95 to 3.22); these rate ratios were significantly increased after 3 and 8 years, respectively. Comorbidity, node-positive disease, older age, basic and vocational educational levels, and living alone were associated with use of antidepressants. Conclusion Women with breast cancer are at long-term increased risk for first depression, including both severe episodes leading to hospital contact and use of antidepressants. Clinicians should be aware that the risk is highest in women with comorbid conditions, node-positive disease, and age of 70 years or more. We found no clear association between type of surgery or adjuvant treatment and risk for depression.
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Andersen, Lærke Toftegård, Melissa Voigt Hansen, Jacob Rosenberg, and Ismail Gögenur. "Pharmacological treatment of depression in women with breast cancer: a systematic review." Breast Cancer Research and Treatment 141, no. 3 (September 28, 2013): 325–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10549-013-2708-6.
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Schwartzman, Judith B., and Kathleen D. Glaus. "Depression and coronary heart disease in women: Implications for clinical practice and research." Professional Psychology: Research and Practice 31, no. 1 (2000): 48–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0735-7028.31.1.48.
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Shah, Asghar Ali, Saima Mazhar, Irum Naz Akhter, Mussarat Zahra, and Tajvur Parveen Saber. "Prevalence of Marital Conflicts among Women Diagnosed with Postpartum Depression." Peshawar Journal of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences (PJPBS) 3, no. 2 (January 5, 2018): 235–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.32879/pjpbs.2017.3.2.235-248.
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The present research was on the prevalence of marital conflicts among women having postpartum depression and from general population. The sample was of 100 women, including 50 women having postpartum depression and 50 from general population. The data was collected after one week of child birth. The hypothesis was “the marital conflicts will be higher in women with postpartum depression than women from general population”. The hypothesis was tested by using chi-square test, highly significant results revealed that postpartum depression negatively effect the marital relation. Similarly, women with postpartum depression revealed difficulty in understanding themselves and they blamed themselves comparing them with women without postpartum depression. Women with postpartum depression blamed themselves when things went wrong and created troubles for themselves.
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Khan, Adnan, Ijaz Ur Rehman, Muhammad Ilyas, Hussain Ahmad, Muhammad Marwat, and Ghazi Khan. "FREQUENCY AND DETERMINANTS OF DEPRESSIVE ILLNESS AMONG INFERTILE WOMEN." Gomal Journal of Medical Sciences 16, no. 3 (September 30, 2018): 71–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.46903/gjms/16.03.1933.
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Background: Depression is much more common among infertile women as compared to the general population. The objectives of our study were to determine the frequency of depression among infertile women and association of depression among infertile women with age groups, level of education, and duration of infertility. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Department of Psychiatry, Gomal Medical College, D.I.Khan, Pakistan from 1st January 2018 to 31st December 2018. Sample size was 145 women with primary infertility selected through consecutive sampling technique. The demographic variables were; age groups, level education, duration of primary infertility and research variables was presence of depression. Observed and expected frequency for depression was analyzed by chi-square goodness-of-fit test. Association of depression with age groups, level of education and infertility duration were analyzed by chi-square test of independence. Results: Out of 145 infertile women. 122(84.1%;78.15-90.05%) had depression whereas 23(15.9%;9.95-21.85%) had no depression. Thirty seven out of 145(25.52%) women in the age group
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Lasiuk, G. C., and K. M. Hegadoren. "The Effects of Estradiol on Central Serotonergic Systems and Its Relationship to Mood in Women." Biological Research For Nursing 9, no. 2 (October 2007): 147–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1099800407305600.
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Lifetime prevalence rates of depression are higher in women than men. Because this gender disparity appears after the onset of puberty and declines after menopause, gonadal hormones may play a role in women's increased vulnerability to dysphoric states. Estrogens have powerful effects beyond their role in reproduction. Fluctuations in estrogen occur naturally throughout the reproductive years and can be associated with disruptions in mood. Treatment for depression with exogenous estrogen has produced equivocal results. To shed light on the complex interactions among estrogens, serotonin, and mood, we briefly examine (a) central serotonin systems and their relationship to mood and mood disorders, (b) nonreproductive effects of estrogens on those systems, (c) potential points of intersection between serotonin systems and estrogens, and (d) research into the use of exogenous estrogen in depression in women. In conclusion, we reiterate the call for carefully controlled research into the etiology and treatment of depression in women.
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Fourianalistyawati, Endang, Aisyah Uswatunnisa, and Alfira Chairunnisa. "The Role of Mindfulness and Self Compassion toward Depression among Pregnant Women." International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) 7, no. 3 (September 2, 2018): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijphs.v7i3.11662.
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Pregnant women tend to experience depression during pregnancy. This can affect mothers and babies’ health widely. Previous research has found that mindfulness and self-compassion can reduce depression in pregnant women in abroad, but it still no specific research on it in Indonesia. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to see the relationship and also the role of mindfulness and self-compassion toward depression in pregnant women. Participants in this study were 121 pregnant women who lived in the area of Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, and Bekasi. This study used Five Facets of Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) to measure mindfulness, Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) to measure self-compassion, and Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) to measure depression in pregnant women. The results of this study showed that three dimensions of mindfulness (describing, acting with awareness, and non-judging) and self-compassion as a whole had a significant relationship with depression. Then the results of multiple regression tests conducted to get results that describing dimensions of mindfulness and self-compassion have a role to depression in pregnant women.
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Rosenberg, Shoshana, Rulla M. Tamimi, Shari I. Gelber, Kathryn Jean Ruddy, Sandra Kereakoglow, Virginia F. Borges, Steven E. Come, Lidia Schapira, Eric Winer, and Ann H. Partridge. "Sexual functioning in young women with breast cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2012): 9100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.9100.
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9100 Background: Sexual dysfunction is a known complication of adjuvant therapy for breast cancer and an important determinant of quality of life. Little is known about the frequency and magnitude of this problem among very young women with breast cancer during the year following diagnosis. Methods: 298 sexually-active women enrolled in an ongoing multi-center cohort study with Stage 0-III breast cancer at or before age 40 were included in this analysis. Treatment data was self-reported on a survey mailed to participants at enrollment. Sexual functioning was assessed using the sexual interest and dysfunction subscales from the Cancer Rehabilitation Evaluation System (CARES). Scores range from 0-4, with higher scores indicative of poorer function. The survey included a measure of anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), of body image (CARES) and of physical and menopausal symptoms (Breast Cancer Prevention Trial Symptom Checklist). Mean differences in CARES scores between treatment groups (chemotherapy vs. none; hormone therapy vs. none; lumpectomy vs. mastectomy vs. mastectomy + reconstruction vs. no surgery; radiation vs. none) were compared using T-tests and ANOVA. Multiple regression models were fit to assess symptoms thought to be mediators of the treatment-sexual functioning association. Results: Mean age at diagnosis was 36 (range: 22-40) years and mean time from diagnosis to survey completion was 5 months (range: 1-16). Mean CARES sexual interest and dysfunction scores were higher in women who received chemotherapy compared to those who did not (p<0.0001). In the multivariate analysis, chemotherapy was no longer associated with decreased sexual interest or function. Anxiety, depression, musculoskeletal pain, and poorer body image were predictive of both decreased sexual interest and function. Vaginal pain symptoms were associated with greater dysfunction, while unhappiness with appearance was associated with decreased interest. Conclusions: Young women who receive chemotherapy are at risk for problems related to sexual functioning early in the survivorship period. This effect appears to be mediated through several physiologic and psychologic mechanisms, underscoring the need for interventions that target both.
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Nakaya, Naoki, Kumi Saito-Nakaya, Pernille Envold Bidstrup, Susanne Oksbjerg Dalton, Kirsten Frederiksen, Marianne Steding-Jessen, Yosuke Uchitomi, and Christoffer Johansen. "Increased risk of severe depression in male partners of women with breast cancer." Cancer 116, no. 23 (November 29, 2010): 5527–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cncr.25534.
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Belle, Deborah, and Joanne Doucet. "Poverty, Inequality, and Discrimination as Sources of Depression Among U.S. Women." Psychology of Women Quarterly 27, no. 2 (June 2003): 101–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1471-6402.00090.
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Poverty, inequality, and discrimination endanger women's well-being. Poverty is one of the most consistent predictors of depression in women, probably because it imposes considerable stress while attacking many potential sources of social support. Economic inequalities within societies are associated with reduced life expectancy and a variety of negative physical health outcomes. Parallel research on economic inequalities and depression has just begun. Discrimination maintains inequalities, condemns women to lives of lessened economic security, and exposes them to unmerited contempt. Although the mental health impact of poverty is documented and largely understood, the implications of inequality and discrimination are less well known. Much important work remains to be done, particularly research that connects individuals' mental health to ecological characteristics of the communities and societies in which they live.
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McFarland, Daniel Curtis, Megan Johnson Shen, Kirk Harris, Amy Tiersten, John Mandeli, and Jimmie Holland. "Would women with breast cancer prefer to receive an antidepressant for anxiety or depression from their oncologist?" Journal of Clinical Oncology 33, no. 29_suppl (October 10, 2015): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2015.33.29_suppl.219.
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219 Background: Patient treatment preferences for the management of anxiety and depression influence adherence and treatment outcomes, yet breast cancer patient preferences for provider-specific pharmacologic management of anxiety and depression is unknown. This study examined breast cancer patients’ antidepressant prescriber preferences and their preferences for treatment by a mental health professional. Methods: Breast cancer patients (Stage 0-IV) were asked two questions: 1) “Would you be willing to have your oncologist treat your depression or anxiety with an antidepressant medication if you were to become depressed or anxious at any point during your treatment?”; and 2) “Would you prefer to be treated by a psychiatrist or mental health professional for problems with either anxiety or depression?” Additionally, the Distress Thermometer and Problem List, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Risky Families Questionnaire, and demographic information were assessed. Results: One hundred twenty-five participants completed the study. 60.4% were willing to accept an antidepressant from an oncologist and 26.3% preferred treatment by a mental health professional. 77.3% who were willing to receive an antidepressant from their oncologist reported either no preference or that treatment by a mental health professional didn’t matter (p = 0.01). Participants taking antidepressants (p = 0.02) or reporting high chronic stress (p = 0.03) preferred a mental health professional. Conclusions: The majority of patients accepted antidepressant prescribing by their oncologist; only a minority preferred treatment by a mental health professional. These findings suggest the benefit for promoting education of oncologists to assess psychological symptoms and manage anxiety and depression as a routine part of an outpatient visit.
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Dalton, Susanne O., Thomas Munk Laursen, Lone Ross, Preben Bo Mortensen, and Christoffer Johansen. "Risk for Hospitalization With Depression After a Cancer Diagnosis: A Nationwide, Population-Based Study of Cancer Patients in Denmark From 1973 to 2003." Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, no. 9 (March 20, 2009): 1440–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2008.20.5526.
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Purpose As more people survive cancer, it is necessary to understand the long-term impact of cancer. We investigated whether cancer survivors are at increased risk for hospitalization for depression. Methods We linked data on all 5,703,754 persons living in Denmark on January 1, 1973, or born thereafter to the Danish Cancer Registry and identified 608,591 adults with a diagnosis of cancer. Follow-up for hospitalization for depression in the Danish Psychiatric Central Register from 1973 through 2003 yielded 121,227,396 person-years and 121,304 hospitalizations for depression. The relative risk (RR) for depression among cancer survivors relative to the cancer-free population was estimated by Poisson regression analysis with adjustment for age and period and stratified by sex, site of cancer, and extent of disease. Results The risk for depression in the first year after a cancer diagnosis was increased, with RRs ranging from 1.16 (95% CI, 0.90 to 1.51) in women with colorectal cancer to 3.08 (95% CI, 1.88 to 5.02) in men with brain cancer. Decreasing but still significant excess risks during subsequent years were observed for most specific cancers. The risk remained increased throughout the study period for both men and women surviving hormone-related cancers, for women surviving smoking-related cancers, and for men surviving virus- and immune-related cancers. Conclusion This study confirms an increased risk for depression in patients facing a disruptive event like cancer. Early recognition and effective treatment are needed to prevent admission of cancer survivors for depression.
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Ta, Van, Puihan Chao, and Joseph Kaholokula. "Cultural Identity and Conceptualization of Depression among Native Hawaiian Women." AAPI Nexus Journal: Policy, Practice, and Community 8, no. 2 (2010): 63–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.36650/nexus8.2_63-85_taetal.
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This study seeks to understand how Native Hawaiian (NH) women identified themselves culturally and conceptualized the causes of depression, and whether there was an association between these two constructs. Among the thirty NH women who were interviewed, a quarter had a high degree of depression symptoms, and a majority expressed a strong/shared identification/affinity with their culture. Our findings suggest that social stressors that contribute to the depressive symptoms of NH women could be, in part, linked to acculturation-related factors associated with U.S. occupation of Hawai‘i and their social status as native people. Future research should examine this relationship further.
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Sari, Ilma Widiya, Mateus Sakundarno Adi, and Megah Andriany. "Gejala Depresi pada Warga Binaan Perempuan di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan." Holistic Nursing and Health Science 2, no. 2 (November 5, 2019): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/hnhs.2.2.2019.10-16.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: Stressors of prison life can cause women prisoners to become depressed. The differences in symptoms of depression among women prisoners and the general population may occur due to the characteristics of prisoners and the nature of the prison environment. Symptoms of depression among women prisoners are important to know to prevent the negative effects of depression. This study aimed to describe the symptoms of depression among women prisoners.Methods: A quantitative descriptive study involving 66 women prisoners was designed. Sampling technique using purposive sampling. Self-report surveys using Beck Depression Inventory II were conducted to collect data related to showed the symptoms of depression. Univariate analysis was used to describe the symptoms of depression in frequency distribution and percentage.Results: Symptoms of depression can be divided into three domains include cognitive, affective and somatic. This study showed that the symptoms of depression most commonly experienced by women prisoners are sadness (97%), agitation (85%) and sleep disorders (70%).Suggestion: The findings suggest that early symptoms of depression identification can help professional to minimize the negative effects of depression. Further research is needed to overcome depression among women prisoners.