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Young, Myles D., and Philip J. Morgan. "Effect of a Gender-Tailored eHealth Weight Loss Program on the Depressive Symptoms of Overweight and Obese Men: Pre-Post Study." JMIR Mental Health 5, no. 1 (January 9, 2018): e1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/mental.8920.
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Background Obesity and depression are of two of the largest contributors to the global burden of disease in men. Although lifestyle behavior change programs can improve participants’ weight and depressive symptoms, the evidence is limited by a lack of male participants and a reliance on face-to-face treatment approaches, which are not accessible or appealing for many men. Objective This study examined the effect of a gender-tailored electronic health (eHealth) program on the depressive symptoms of a community sample of overweight and obese men with or without depression. A secondary aim was to determine whether the eHealth, self-directed format of the program was a feasible and acceptable treatment approach for the subgroup of men with depression at baseline. Methods In total, 209 overweight/obese men from the Hunter Region of Australia were assessed before and after completing a self-administered eHealth weight loss program over 3 months. To increase engagement, most program elements were socio-culturally targeted to appeal specifically to men and included printed materials, a DVD, motivational text messages, online- or app-based self-monitoring, and other weight loss tools (eg, pedometer). Depressive symptoms were measured with the validated 8-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-8). Program feasibility and acceptability were assessed with a process questionnaire plus recruitment and retention rates. Changes in depressive symptoms and weight were examined using intention-to-treat linear mixed models, adjusted for the centered baseline score and other covariates. Effect sizes were estimated with Cohen’s d. Results At baseline, the mean weight and age of the sample was 105.7 kg (standard deviation [SD] 14.0) and 46.6 years (SD 11.3), respectively. Overall, 36 men (36/209, 17.2%) were experiencing depression (PHQ-8 score ≥10). Retention rates were comparable between men with and without depression (32/36, 88.9% vs 145/173, 83.8%; P=.44). At posttest, depressive symptoms had reduced by 1.8 units (95% CI 1.3 to 2.3; P<.001; d=0.5) for the whole sample. These improvements were particularly notable in the subgroup of men with depression (-5.5 units; P<.001; d=1.0) and 72.2% (26/36) of this subgroup no longer met the criterion for depression at posttest. A corresponding, albeit smaller, intervention effect on depressive symptoms was also observed in men without depression (-1.0 units; P<.001; d=0.4). The overall intervention effect on weight was -4.7 kg (d=1.3), which did not vary significantly by depression status. Program acceptability, feasibility, and online engagement metrics were also comparable between men with and without depression. Conclusions A gender-tailored eHealth lifestyle program generated short-term improvements in the mental health of overweight and obese men, particularly for men with depression at baseline. Despite receiving no personalized support, men with depression reported high levels of satisfaction and engagement with the program. As such, a longer-term controlled trial testing an adapted version of the program for this subgroup is warranted. Trial Registration Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN12612000749808; https://www.anzctr.org.au/ Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=362575 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6wJvbRsNW)
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Crisp, Dimity A., and Kathleen M. Griffiths. "Reducing Depression Through an Online Intervention: Benefits From a User Perspective." JMIR Mental Health 3, no. 1 (January 8, 2016): e4. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/mental.4356.
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Background Internet interventions are increasingly being recognized as effective in the treatment and prevention of mental health conditions; however, the usefulness of such programs from the perspective of the participants is often not reported. Objective This study explores the experiences of participants of a 12-week randomized controlled trial of an automated self-help training program (e-couch), with and without an Internet support group, targeting depression. Methods The study comprised a community sample of 298 participants who completed an online survey both prior to and on completion of an intervention for preventing or reducing depressive symptoms. Results Overall, participants reported a high level of confidence in the ability of an online intervention to improve a person’s understanding of depression. However, confidence that a website could help people learn skills for preventing depression was lower. Benefits reported by participants engaged in the intervention included increased knowledge regarding depression and its treatment, reduced depressive symptoms, increased work productivity, and improved ability to cope with everyday stress. A minority of participants reported concerns or problems resulting from participation in the interventions. Conclusions The findings provide consumer support for the effectiveness of this online intervention. Trial Registration International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number (ISRCTN): 65657330;http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN65657330 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6cwH8xwF0)
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Lachmar, E. Megan, Andrea K. Wittenborn, Katherine W. Bogen, and Heather L. McCauley. "#MyDepressionLooksLike: Examining Public Discourse About Depression on Twitter." JMIR Mental Health 4, no. 4 (October 18, 2017): e43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/mental.8141.
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Background Social media provides a context for billions of users to connect, express sentiments, and provide in-the-moment status updates. Because Twitter users tend to tweet emotional updates from daily life, the platform provides unique insights into experiences of mental health problems. Depression is not only one of the most prevalent health conditions but also carries a social stigma. Yet, opening up about one’s depression and seeking social support may provide relief from symptoms. Objective The aim of this study was to examine the public discourse of the trending hashtag #MyDepressionLooksLike to look more closely at how users talk about their depressive symptoms on Twitter. Methods We captured 3225 original content tweets for the hashtag #MyDepressionLooksLike that circulated in May of 2016. Eliminating public service announcements, spam, and tweets with links to pictures or videos resulted in a total of 1978 tweets. Using qualitative content analysis, we coded the tweets to detect themes. Results The content analysis revealed seven themes: dysfunctional thoughts, lifestyle challenges, social struggles, hiding behind a mask, apathy and sadness, suicidal thoughts and behaviors, and seeking relief. Conclusions The themes revealed important information about the content of the public messages that people share about depression on Twitter. More research is needed to understand the effects of the hashtag on increasing social support for users and reducing social stigma related to depression.
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Fogarty, Andrea Susan, Judy Proudfoot, Erin Louise Whittle, Janine Clarke, Michael J. Player, Helen Christensen, and Kay Wilhelm. "Preliminary Evaluation of a Brief Web and Mobile Phone Intervention for Men With Depression: Men’s Positive Coping Strategies and Associated Depression, Resilience, and Work and Social Functioning." JMIR Mental Health 4, no. 3 (August 10, 2017): e33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/mental.7769.
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Background Previous research has identified that men experiencing depression do not always access appropriate health services. Web-based interventions represent an alternative treatment option for men, are effective in reducing anxiety and depression, and have potential for wide dissemination. However, men do not access Web-based programs at the same rate as women. Programs with content explicitly tailored to men’s mental health needs are required. Objective This study evaluated the applicability of Man Central, a new Web and mobile phone intervention for men with depression. The impact of the use of Man Central on depression, resilience, and work and social functioning was assessed. Methods A recruitment flier was distributed via social media, email networks, newsletters, research registers, and partner organizations. A single-group, repeated measures design was used. The primary outcome was symptoms of depression. Secondary outcomes included externalizing symptoms, resilience, and work and social functioning. Man Central comprises regular mood, symptom, and behavior monitoring, combined with three 15-min interactive sessions. Clinical features are grounded in cognitive behavior therapy and problem-solving therapy. A distinguishing feature is the incorporation of positive strategies identified by men as useful in preventing and managing depression. Participants were directed to use Man Central for a period of 4 weeks. Linear mixed modeling with intention-to-treat analysis assessed associations between the intervention and the primary and secondary outcomes. Results A total of 144 men aged between 18 and 68 years and with at least mild depression enrolled in the study. The symptoms most often monitored by men included motivation (471 instances), depression (399), sleep (323), anxiety (316), and stress (262). Reminders were scheduled by 60.4% (87/144). Significant improvements were observed in depression symptoms (P<.001, d=0.68), depression risk, and externalizing symptoms (P<.001, d=0.88) and work and social functioning (P<.001, d=0.78). No change was observed in measures of resilience. Participants reported satisfaction with the program, with a majority saying that it was easy (42/51, 82%) and convenient (41/51, 80%) to use. Study attrition was high; 27.1% (39/144) and 8.3% (12/144) of the participants provided complete follow-up data and partial follow-up data, respectively, whereas the majority (93/144, 64.6%) did not complete follow-up measures. Conclusions This preliminary evaluation demonstrated the potential of using electronic health (eHealth) tools to deliver self-management strategies to men with depressive symptoms. Man Central may meet the treatment needs of a subgroup of depressed men who are willing to engage with an e-mental health program. With further research, it may provide an acceptable option to those unwilling or unable to access traditional mental health services. Given the limitations of the study design, prospective studies are required, using controlled designs to further elucidate the effect of the program over time.
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Lahtinen, Eero. "Mental health in Finland." International Psychiatry 3, no. 1 (January 2006): 12–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s1749367600001442.
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The prevalence of mental illnesses in Finland generally reflects global trends, with a clear increase in the occurrence of depression and anxiety. At any time, between 4% and 9% of the population of 5.2 million suffer from major depressive disorders. Some 10–20% of the population experience depression during their lifetime. Bipolar depressive disorders affect 1–2% and schizophrenia 0.5–1.5% of the population. The prevalence of alcoholism is 4–8%.
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Clarke, Janine, Judith Proudfoot, and Howard Ma. "Mobile Phone and Web-based Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Depressive Symptoms and Mental Health Comorbidities in People Living With Diabetes: Results of a Feasibility Study." JMIR Mental Health 3, no. 2 (May 31, 2016): e23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/mental.5131.
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Background Depression is often comorbid with diabetes; however, undertreatment of depressive symptoms in people affected is common. Objective We studied preliminary acceptability and effectiveness of a fully automated, mobile phone, and web-based public health intervention, myCompass, for reducing depressive symptoms and improving mental health comorbidities in people with diabetes. Methods In this single-group feasibility study, 89 volunteers with type 1 (n=34) or type 2 (n=55) diabetes and at least mild depressive symptoms used myCompass for 7 weeks. Web-based measures of depressive and anxious symptoms, functional impairment, diabetes-specific variables, and user satisfaction were completed at baseline, postintervention, and 3-month follow-up. Results Retention rates were 54% (n=48) at postintervention and 36% (n=32) at follow-up. Depressive symptoms were significantly improved at postintervention (P<.001; within-group effect size d=1.05), with gains persisting at follow-up. Mental health comorbidities, including anxiety (P<.001), functioning (P<.001), and diabetes-specific distress (P<.001), also showed significant and sustained improvement. Satisfaction with myCompass was high, with convenience and ease of program use, and relevance of program content rated positively by participants. Conclusions The myCompass program shows promise as an acceptable and effective treatment for depression and comorbid mental health problems in people with diabetes. The program is broadly available, free to use, and may benefit patients with diabetes who do not access services and/or wish to manage their mental health themselves. Replication of these findings in a controlled study is warranted.
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McRory, Barry. "Mental health: depression." British Journal of Healthcare Assistants 6, no. 5 (May 2012): 236–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjha.2012.6.5.236.
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Nzeyimana, Antoine, Kate EA Saunders, John R. Geddes, and Patrick E. McSharry. "Lamotrigine Therapy for Bipolar Depression: Analysis of Self-Reported Patient Data." JMIR Mental Health 5, no. 4 (November 22, 2018): e63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/mental.9026.
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Background Depression in people with bipolar disorder is a major cause of long-term disability, possibly leading to early mortality and currently, limited safe and effective therapies exist. Although existing monotherapies such as quetiapine have limited proven efficacy and practical tolerability, treatment combinations may lead to improved outcomes. Lamotrigine is an anticonvulsant currently licensed for the prevention of depressive relapses in individuals with bipolar disorder. A double-blinded randomized placebo-controlled trial (comparative evaluation of Quetiapine-Lamotrigine [CEQUEL] study) was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of lamotrigine plus quetiapine versus quetiapine monotherapy in patients with bipolar type I or type II disorders. Objective Because the original CEQUEL study found significant depressive symptom improvements, the objective of this study was to reanalyze CEQUEL data and determine an unbiased classification accuracy for active lamotrigine versus placebo. We also wanted to establish the time it took for the drug to provide statistically significant outcomes. Methods Between October 21, 2008 and April 27, 2012, 202 participants from 27 sites in United Kingdom were randomly assigned to two treatments; 101: lamotrigine, 101: placebo. The primary variable used for estimating depressive symptoms was based on the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology—self report version 16 (QIDS-SR16). The original CEQUEL study findings were confirmed by performing t test and linear regression. Multiple features were computed from the QIDS-SR16 time series; different linear and nonlinear binary classifiers were trained to distinguish between the two groups. Various feature-selection techniques were used to select a feature set with the greatest explanatory power; a 10-fold cross-validation was used. Results From weeks 10 to 14, the mean difference in QIDS-SR16 ratings between the groups was −1.6317 (P=.09; sample size=81, 77; 95% CI −0.2403 to 3.5036). From weeks 48 to 52, the mean difference was −2.0032 (P=.09; sample size=54, 48; 95% CI −0.3433 to 4.3497). The coefficient of variation (σ/μ) and detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) exponent alpha had the greatest explanatory power. The out-of-sample classification accuracy for the 138 participants who reported more than 10 times after week 12 was 62%. A consistent classification accuracy higher than the no-information benchmark was obtained in week 44. Conclusions Adding lamotrigine to quetiapine treatment decreased depressive symptoms in patients with bipolar disorder. Our classification model suggested that lamotrigine increased the coefficient of variation in the QIDS-SR16 scores. The lamotrigine group also tended to have a lower DFA exponent, implying a substantial temporal instability in the time series. The performance of the model over time suggested that a trial of at least 44 weeks was required to achieve consistent results. The selected model confirmed the original CEQUEL study findings and helped in understanding the temporal dynamics of bipolar depression during treatment. Trial Registration EudraCT Number 2007-004513-33; https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/ctr-search/trial/2007-004513-33/GB (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/73sNaI29O).
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Heidt, Ryan. "Prevent Depression: Improving Access to Brazil's Mental Health Services." Clinical Social Work and Health Intervention 7, no. 4 (December 17, 2016): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.22359/cswhi_7_4_03.
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Mikoteit, Thorsten, and Martin Hatzinger. "Chronische Depression." Zeitschrift für Psychiatrie, Psychologie und Psychotherapie 57, no. 4 (September 2009): 245–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/1661-4747.57.4.245.
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Depressionen gehören zu den häufigsten psychischen Krankheiten. Obwohl Depressionen als gut behandelbar gelten, zeichnet sich in 20 % der Fälle ein chronischer Verlauf ab. Chronische Depressionen können rein deskriptiv in verschiedene Subtypen eingeteilt werden, deren Relevanz aber umstritten ist. Chronische Depressionen unterscheiden sich von remittierenden depressiven Episoden durch eine Reihe klinischer, demographischer und psychosozialer Merkmale. Außerdem lassen sich Prädiktoren für einen chronischen Krankheitsverlauf benennen. Am häufigsten spielt dabei eine unzureichende Behandlung eine Rolle, seltener liegt eine echte Therapieresistenz vor. Die Psychopharmakotherapie einer chronischen Depression erfolgt nach den Prinzipien der Behandlung einer episodischen Depression. Dabei ist die Erhaltungs- und prophylaktische Therapie von besonderer Bedeutung. In den letzten Jahren wurden spezifische Psychotherapieformen entwickelt, die sich vor allem in der Kombinationstherapie bewährt haben und Remissionsgrad und Rückfallrate verbessern können.
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Wakefield, Jerome C., and Allan V. Horwitz. "The Medicalization of Sadness: How Psychiatry Transformed a Natural Emotion into a Mental Disorder." SALUTE E SOCIETÀ, no. 2 (July 2009): 49–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/ses2009-en2005.
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- This essay argues that changes in the diagnostic criteria of depression that occurred with the introduction of the DSM-III have resulted in the treatment of normal emotions of sadness as well as of depressive disorders. In fact, the new symptoms-based definition no longer allows the distinction of common states of unhappiness from mental disease. The authors explain, first, the reasons for this change and, second, the reasons for the desirability of reversing this trend and restoring the conception distinction between depressive disorder and normal sadness.Keywords: depression, DSM, medicalization, psychiatry, sadness, sociology of health.Parole chiave: depressione, DSM, medicalizzazione, psichiatria, tristezza, sociologia della salute.
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Tana, Jonas Christoffer, Jyrki Kettunen, Emil Eirola, and Heikki Paakkonen. "Diurnal Variations of Depression-Related Health Information Seeking: Case Study in Finland Using Google Trends Data." JMIR Mental Health 5, no. 2 (May 23, 2018): e43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/mental.9152.
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Background Some of the temporal variations and clock-like rhythms that govern several different health-related behaviors can be traced in near real-time with the help of search engine data. This is especially useful when studying phenomena where little or no traditional data exist. One specific area where traditional data are incomplete is the study of diurnal mood variations, or daily changes in individuals’ overall mood state in relation to depression-like symptoms. Objective The objective of this exploratory study was to analyze diurnal variations for interest in depression on the Web to discover hourly patterns of depression interest and help seeking. Methods Hourly query volume data for 6 depression-related queries in Finland were downloaded from Google Trends in March 2017. A continuous wavelet transform (CWT) was applied to the hourly data to focus on the diurnal variation. Longer term trends and noise were also eliminated from the data to extract the diurnal variation for each query term. An analysis of variance was conducted to determine the statistical differences between the distributions of each hour. Data were also trichotomized and analyzed in 3 time blocks to make comparisons between different time periods during the day. Results Search volumes for all depression-related query terms showed a unimodal regular pattern during the 24 hours of the day. All queries feature clear peaks during the nighttime hours around 11 PM to 4 AM and troughs between 5 AM and 10 PM. In the means of the CWT-reconstructed data, the differences in nighttime and daytime interest are evident, with a difference of 37.3 percentage points (pp) for the term “Depression,” 33.5 pp for “Masennustesti,” 30.6 pp for “Masennus,” 12.8 pp for “Depression test,” 12.0 pp for “Masennus testi,” and 11.8 pp for “Masennus oireet.” The trichotomization showed peaks in the first time block (00.00 AM-7.59 AM) for all 6 terms. The search volumes then decreased significantly during the second time block (8.00 AM-3.59 PM) for the terms “Masennus oireet” (P<.001), “Masennus” (P=.001), “Depression” (P=.005), and “Depression test” (P=.004). Higher search volumes for the terms “Masennus” (P=.14), “Masennustesti” (P=.07), and “Depression test” (P=.10) were present between the second and third time blocks. Conclusions Help seeking for depression has clear diurnal patterns, with significant rise in depression-related query volumes toward the evening and night. Thus, search engine query data support the notion of the evening-worse pattern in diurnal mood variation. Information on the timely nature of depression-related interest on an hourly level could improve the chances for early intervention, which is beneficial for positive health outcomes.
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Bevan Jones, Rhys, Anita Thapar, Frances Rice, Harriet Beeching, Rachel Cichosz, Becky Mars, Daniel J. Smith, et al. "A Web-Based Psychoeducational Intervention for Adolescent Depression: Design and Development of MoodHwb." JMIR Mental Health 5, no. 1 (February 15, 2018): e13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/mental.8894.
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Background Depression is common in adolescence and leads to distress and impairment in individuals, families and carers. Treatment and prevention guidelines highlight the key role of information and evidence-based psychosocial interventions not only for individuals but also for their families and carers. Engaging young people in prevention and early intervention programs is a challenge, and early treatment and prevention of adolescent depression is a major public health concern. There has been growing interest in psychoeducational interventions to provide accurate information about health issues and to enhance and develop self-management skills. However, for adolescents with, or at high risk of depression, there is a lack of engaging Web-based psychoeducation programs that have been developed with user input and in line with research guidelines and targeted at both the individual and their family or carer. There are also few studies published on the process of development of Web-based psychoeducational interventions. Objective The aim of this study was to describe the process underlying the design and development of MoodHwb (HwbHwyliau in Welsh): a Web-based psychoeducation multimedia program for young people with, or at high risk of, depression and their families, carers, friends, and professionals. Methods The initial prototype was informed by (1) a systematic review of psychoeducational interventions for adolescent depression; (2) findings from semistructured interviews and focus groups conducted with adolescents (with depressive symptoms or at high risk), parents or carers, and professionals working with young people; and (3) workshops and discussions with a multimedia company and experts (in clinical, research, and multimedia work). Twelve interviews were completed (four each with young people, parents or carers, and professionals) and six focus groups (three with young people, one with parents and carers, one with professionals, and one with academics). Results Key themes from the interviews and focus groups were: aims of the program, design and content issues, and integration and context of the program. The prototype was designed to be person-centered, multiplatform, engaging, interactive, and bilingual. It included mood-monitoring and goal-setting components and was available as a Web-based program and an app for mobile technologies. Conclusions MoodHwb is a Web-based psychoeducational intervention developed for young people with, or at high risk of, depression and their families and carers. It was developed with user input using qualitative methods as well as user-centered design and educational and psychological theory. Further research is needed to evaluate the effectiveness of the program in a randomized controlled trial. If found to be effective, it could be implemented in health, education, youth and social services, and charities, to not only help young people but also families, carers, friends, and professionals involved in their care.
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Omelchenko, M. A. "Clinical Features of Youth Depression with Attenuated Symptoms of the Schizophrenic Spectrum." Psikhiatriya 19, no. 1 (March 28, 2021): 16–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.30629/2618-6667-2021-19-1-16-25.
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Objective: establishment of clinical and psychometric features of youth depression with attenuated symptoms of the schizophrenic spectrum (ASSS) for early differential diagnosis and nosological assessment.Patients and methods: clinical and psychometric examination of young 219 inpatients (average age 19.6 ± 2.4 years), first admitted to the clinic “Mental Health Research Centre” from 2011 to 2020 with the first depressive episode with ASSS. Control group of inpatients (52 patients) with “classical” youth depressions without ASSS (average age 19.6 ± 2.4 years). Diagnosis according ICD-10: F32.1, F32.2, F32.28, F32.8.Results: the psychopathological structure of youth depression with ASSS is characterized by the following types: (1) depression with attenuated psychotic symptoms (APS), which were divided into the subtype (1a) depression with APS and (1b) depression with brief limited intermittent psychotic symptoms (BLIPS); (2) depression with attenuated negative symptoms (ANS), comprising two subtypes (2a) with most emotional damage and (2b) with volitional impairment, and type (3) with attenuated symptoms of disorganization (ASD) in the structure of depressive episode. Clinical and reliable psychometric differences have been established between depressions with ASSS and «classical» youth depressions without ASSS. Conclusions: youth depression with ASSS is definitely different from “classical” youth depression without ASSS. Differences have been found in the psychopathological structure of youth depression with ASSS, resulting in a typological differentiation.
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Seabrook, Elizabeth M., Margaret L. Kern, and Nikki S. Rickard. "Social Networking Sites, Depression, and Anxiety: A Systematic Review." JMIR Mental Health 3, no. 4 (November 23, 2016): e50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/mental.5842.
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Background Social networking sites (SNSs) have become a pervasive part of modern culture, which may also affect mental health. Objective The aim of this systematic review was to identify and summarize research examining depression and anxiety in the context of SNSs. It also aimed to identify studies that complement the assessment of mental illness with measures of well-being and examine moderators and mediators that add to the complexity of this environment. Methods A multidatabase search was performed. Papers published between January 2005 and June 2016 relevant to mental illness (depression and anxiety only) were extracted and reviewed. Results Positive interactions, social support, and social connectedness on SNSs were consistently related to lower levels of depression and anxiety, whereas negative interaction and social comparisons on SNSs were related to higher levels of depression and anxiety. SNS use related to less loneliness and greater self-esteem and life satisfaction. Findings were mixed for frequency of SNS use and number of SNS friends. Different patterns in the way individuals with depression and individuals with social anxiety engage with SNSs are beginning to emerge. Conclusions The systematic review revealed many mixed findings between depression, anxiety, and SNS use. Methodology has predominantly focused on self-report cross-sectional approaches; future research will benefit from leveraging real-time SNS data over time. The evidence suggests that SNS use correlates with mental illness and well-being; however, whether this effect is beneficial or detrimental depends at least partly on the quality of social factors in the SNS environment. Understanding these relationships will lead to better utilization of SNSs in their potential to positively influence mental health.
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Dean, Jeremy, Henry WW Potts, and Chris Barker. "Direction to an Internet Support Group Compared With Online Expressive Writing for People With Depression and Anxiety: A Randomized Trial." JMIR Mental Health 3, no. 2 (May 17, 2016): e12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/mental.5133.
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Background Depression and anxiety are common, often comorbid, conditions, and Internet support groups for them are well used. However, little rigorous research has been conducted on the outcome of these groups. Objective This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of an Internet support group in reducing depression and anxiety, and increasing social support and life satisfaction. Methods A randomized trial compared direction to an existing Internet support group for depression and anxiety with an online expressive writing condition. A total of 863 (628 female) United Kingdom, United States, and Canadian volunteers were recruited via the Internet. Online, self-report measures of depression, anxiety, social support, and satisfaction with life were administered at baseline, 3, and 6 months. Results All four outcomes – depression, anxiety, social support, and satisfaction with life – improved over the 6 months of the study (all P<.001). There was no difference in outcome between the two conditions: participants responded similarly to the expressive writing and the Internet support group. Engagement with the Internet support group was low, it had high 6-month attrition (692/795, 87%) and low adherence, and it received mixed and often negative feedback. The main problems reported were a lack of comfort and connection with others, negative social comparisons, and the potential for receiving bad advice. Expressive writing had lower attrition (194/295, 65%) and participants reported that it was more acceptable. Conclusions Until further evidence accumulates, directing people with depression and anxiety to Internet support groups cannot be recommended. On the other hand, online expressive writing seems to have potential, and its use for people with depression and anxiety warrants further investigation. Trial Registration Trial Registration: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01149265; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01149265 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6hYISlNFT)
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Muldoon, Abigail L., Lisa M. Kuhns, Julie Supple, Kristen C. Jacobson, and Robert Garofalo. "A Web-Based Study of Dog Ownership and Depression Among People Living With HIV." JMIR Mental Health 4, no. 4 (November 8, 2017): e53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/mental.8180.
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Background People living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) are approximately twice as likely to be depressed compared with HIV-negative individuals. Depression is consistently associated with low antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence, an important step within the HIV care continuum related to HIV disease progression and overall health. One factor that may have positive psychosocial benefits and promote ART adherence is dog ownership. Research indicates that dog ownership is associated with lower depression, and initial evidence suggests its positive impact on psychosocial outcomes for PLHIV. Objective The aim of our study was to expand the existing research by examining the relationship between current dog ownership and depression for a sample of PLHIV while controlling for demographic characteristics and other potential confounders. Methods Participants aged 18 years or older and who self-reported an HIV diagnosis were recruited via social media into When Dogs Heal, a cross-sectional Web-based survey to collect data among adult PLHIV. The research visit was conducted via a Web-based survey, and there was no in-person interaction with the participant. Primary outcome measures included demographic questions (age, race, ethnicity, gender, and sexual orientation), pet ownership (type of pet owned and current dog ownership), depression (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, 10 items), and resilience (Resilience Research Centre Adult Resilience Measure, 28 items). Results A total of 252 participants were enrolled into the study in January 2016, with a final analytic sample of 199 participants. Mean age was 49 years, 86.4% (172/199) of participants were male, and 80.4% (160/199) were white. Current dog ownership was prevalent among the sample (68.3%, 136/199). Bivariate analysis indicated that there was no significant relationship between depression and demographic characteristics (age, race, ethnicity, gender, and sexual orientation), with P>.05. The multivariate logistic regression, including age, race, ethnicity, gender, resilience, and current dog ownership, was significant, with P<.001. Of the 6 predictor variables, only 2 were statistically significant: dog ownership and resilience. Noncurrent dog owners had 3 times higher odds of depression in comparison with current dog owners: odds ratio 3.01; 95% CI 1.54-6.21. Conclusions Growing evidence suggests that dog ownership reduces the likelihood of depression and, therefore, may confer long-term health benefits on PLHIV. Future studies should explore whether dog-specific interventions are a feasible and efficacious intervention to improve outcomes among PLHIV.
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Romanowski, Mateusz W., Anna Kostiukow, Wojciech Strzelecki, Piotr Poniewierski, Kinga Litwin, Ewa Mojs, and Włodzimierz Samborski. "Do People with Rheumatoid Arthritis Need Mental Support?" Acta Balneologica 63, no. 1 (2021): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.36740/abal202101108.
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Introduction: Depression is an increasingly common mental disorder. Among the factors significantly contributing to its occurrence is permanent pain. Thence high percentage of people struggling with depression in chronically ill people and the elderly. Depression is diagnosed late, which is a serious problem in the comprehensive recovery process. Aim: The aim of the study was to demonstrate the relationship between the occurrence of RA and depression, taking into account data such as gender, age and place of residence. Material and Methods: The study involved 163 adults - 116 people with RA and 47 healthy people. The Beck Depression Inventory was used for research purposes. It consists of 21 questions, to which the patient answers according to the symptoms appearing in the last two weeks. Results: Analysis of the results of the examined and control groups indicates a higher percentage of occurrence of depression symptoms in people diagnosed with RA. In women, depression was more common than in men. In addition, there were more depressive episodes in women in the study group than in healthy women. There were no significant differences in the study and control groups of men and depending on age and place of residence. Conclusion: The presence of RA has a significant impact on the occurrence of depressive disorders. Illness and gender are a determining factor for depression. Research shows that women are more likely to be affected than men. Rapid intervention of doctors is very important, which can prevent the negative effects of the disease, i.e. suicidal thoughts. Prevention is therefore important. People with chronic illnesses should be under psychological support.
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Zadow, Corinne, Stephen Houghton, Simon C. Hunter, Michael Rosenberg, and Lisa Wood. "Associations Between Positive Mental Wellbeing and Depressive Symptoms in Australian Adolescents." Educational and Developmental Psychologist 34, no. 2 (September 6, 2017): 95–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/edp.2017.6.
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This study examined the association and directionality of effect between mental wellbeing and depressive symptoms in Australian adolescents. Data were collected on two occasions 21 months apart. At Time 1, 1,762 10- to 14-year-old adolescents from a range of socio-economic status areas participated. At Time 2 (T2), 1,575 participated again. On both occasions, the Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (SWEMWBS) and the Children's Depression Inventory 2 (CDI 2) were administered via online survey. Cross-lagged, longitudinal path analyses demonstrated a negative association between earlier symptoms of depression and later positive mental wellbeing, and that the reverse was also true, though weaker. The model accounted for 20% of the variance in males’ T2 CDI 2 depressive symptom scores (26% for females) and 21% of the variance in males’ T2 SWEMWBS mental wellbeing scores (23% for females). Depressive symptomatology and mental wellbeing were highly correlated, but symptoms of depression were more strongly associated with later mental wellbeing than vice versa. This has implications for educational psychologists, teachers, health professionals, and policy makers seeking to reduce depressive symptoms or promote mental wellbeing. Focusing solely on the promotion of mental wellbeing, without intervening to reduce symptoms of depression, may limit the potential outcomes that might be achieved.
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Marrie, RA, R. Horwitz, G. Cutter, T. Tyry, D. Campagnolo, and T. Vollmer. "The burden of mental comorbidity in multiple sclerosis: frequent, underdiagnosed, and undertreated." Multiple Sclerosis Journal 15, no. 3 (January 19, 2009): 385–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1352458508099477.
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Background Mental comorbidity is common in multiple sclerosis (MS), but some studies suggest that mental comorbidity may be underrecognized and undertreated. Objective Using the North American Research Committee on MS Registry, we assessed the frequency of mental comorbidities in MS and sociodemographic characteristics associated with diagnosis and treatment of depression. Methods We queried participants regarding depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD); a score ≥21 indicated probable major depression. Results Mental comorbidity affected 4264 (48%) responders; depression most frequently (4012, 46%). Among participants not reporting mental comorbidity, 751 (16.2%) had CESD scores ≥21 suggesting undiagnosed depression. Lower socioeconomic status was associated with increased odds of depression (Income $15,000–30,000 vs >$100,000 OR 1.34; 1.11–1.62), undiagnosed depression (Income $15,000–30,000 vs >$100,000 OR 1.52; 1.08–2.13), and untreated depression (<high school vs postgraduate degree OR 3.13; 1.65–5.99). Conclusions Mental comorbidity remains underdiagnosed and undertreated in MS. Patients of lower socioeconomic status bear a disproportionate share of the burden of depression.
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Schwenke, Maria, Margrit Löbner, Steffi Riedel-Heller, and Melanie Luppa. "Adipositas und Depression in der Primärversorgung." Psychiatrische Praxis 47, no. 07 (April 8, 2020): 388–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1144-7035.
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Zusammenfassung Anliegen Untersuchung der Prävalenz von depressiven Störungen bei von Adipositas betroffenen Patienten einer Mitteldeutschen Allgemeinarztstichprobe. Methoden 131 Patienten der INTERACT-Studie mit Adipositas (BMI ≥ 30); Einsatz des PHQ-9 zur Erfassung depressiver Störungen. Ergebnisse 29 % der Patienten mit Adipositas zeigen eine Major Depression, 31 % eine subklinische depressive Störung. Schlussfolgerung Die hohe Komorbidität von Adipositas mit depressiven Störungen auf klinischem sowie subklinischem Niveau birgt besondere Herausforderungen für die Behandlung in der Primärversorgung.
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Goldman, Larry S., and Chase P. Kimball. "Depression in Intensive Care Units." International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine 17, no. 3 (September 1988): 201–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/yayv-u8xa-yef2-8fm6.
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There is thought to be a high incidence of depression in intensive care units (ICUs), both as a result of the psychological toll of serious illness and threat to life as well as the physiologic derangements caused by illnesses and treatments. The authors outline a strategy to classify ICU depressions into major depressive illness, adjustment disorders, dysthymic disorder, or organic affective syndrome. Other psychiatric disturbances which may simulate depression are also discussed. A summary of environmental, behavioral, psychotherapeutic, and psychopharmacologic treatments for these disorders and their special application in the ICU setting is presented. The limitations and precautions with antidepressant drugs in this clinical site are reviewed.
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Furukawa, Toshi A., Masaru Horikoshi, Hirokazu Fujita, Naohisa Tsujino, Ran Jinnin, Yuki Kako, Sei Ogawa, et al. "Cognitive and Behavioral Skills Exercises Completed by Patients with Major Depression During Smartphone Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial." JMIR Mental Health 5, no. 1 (January 11, 2018): e4. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/mental.9092.
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Background A strong and growing body of evidence has demonstrated the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), either face-to-face, in person, or as self-help via the Internet, for depression. However, CBT is a complex intervention consisting of several putatively effective components, and how each component may or may not contribute to the overall effectiveness of CBT is poorly understood. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate how the users of smartphone CBT use and benefit from various components of the program. Methods This is a secondary analysis from a 9-week, single-blind, randomized controlled trial that has demonstrated the effectiveness of adjunctive use of smartphone CBT (Kokoro-App) over antidepressant pharmacotherapy alone among patients with drug-resistant major depressive disorder (total n=164, standardized mean difference in depression severity at week 9=0.40, J Med Internet Res). Kokoro-App consists of three cognitive behavioral skills of self-monitoring, behavioral activation, and cognitive restructuring, with corresponding worksheets to fill in. All activities of the participants learning each session of the program and completing each worksheet were uploaded onto Kokoro-Web, which each patient could use for self-check. We examined what use characteristics differentiated the more successful users of the CBT app from the less successful ones, split at the median of change in depression severity. Results A total of 81 patients with major depression were allocated to the smartphone CBT. On average, they completed 7.0 (standard deviation [SD] 1.4) out of 8 sessions of the program; it took them 10.8 (SD 4.2) days to complete one session, during which they spent 62 min (SD 96) on the app. There were no statistically significant differences in the number of sessions completed, time spent for the program, or the number of completed self-monitoring worksheets between the beneficiaries and the nonbeneficiaries. However, the former completed more behavioral activation tasks, engaged in different types of activities, and also filled in more cognitive restructuring worksheets than the latter. Activities such as “test-drive a new car,” “go to a coffee shop after lunch,” or “call up an old friend” were found to be particularly rewarding. All cognitive restructuring strategies were found to significantly decrease the distress level, with “What would be your advice to a friend who has a similar problem?” found more helpful than some other strategies. Conclusions The CBT program offered via smartphone and connected to the remote server is not only effective in alleviating depression but also opens a new avenue in gathering information of what and how each participant may utilize the program. The activities and strategies found useful in this analysis will provide valuable information in brush-ups of the program itself and of mobile health (mHealth) in general. Trial Registration Japanese Clinical Trials Registry UMIN CTR 000013693; https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr_e/ ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000015984 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6u6pxVwik)
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Karam, Elie G. "The Nosological Status of Bereavement-Related Depressions." British Journal of Psychiatry 165, no. 1 (July 1994): 48–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.165.1.48.
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BackgroundThe validity of excluding bereavement-related depressive episodes which satisfy all the criteria of major depression is examined in this community study.MethodA total of 658 subjects were interviewed in their homes using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule. The length of the episodes of depression, the dysfunction they caused, and the frequency of seeking and receiving treatment were assessed.ResultsThe risk of recurrence did not differ whether the depressive episodes that satisfy the DSM–III–R criteria of major depression were or were not related to bereavement.ConclusionsExcluding from the repertoire of depressions all those related to external stressors might need more research, but singling out those related to bereavement does not seem to be supported by our community-based data.
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Sionneau, Philippe. "Mental depression due to liver depression: Gan Yu." Clinical Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine 1, no. 3 (July 2000): 167–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1054/caom.2000.0060.
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Kornetov, N. A. "POSTPARTUM DEPRESSION – THE CENTRAL PROBLEM OF MENTAL HEALTH OF EARLY MOTHERHOOD." Bulletin of Siberian Medicine 14, no. 6 (December 28, 2015): 5–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.20538/1682-0363-2015-6-5-24.
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Perinatal mental health of the mother occupies a central position in healthcare, the same as caring for a newborn baby. Maternal depression is the lead pathology of postpartum period. Despite the high prevalence and importance to the overall development of children, most cases of depression are unappreciated, unrecognized and untreated. Inattention to issues which are related to physical and mental health of women, leads to severe negative social and economic consequences for society. Statistical comparison of the total number of pregnant women, the number of births in the United States in 2007, excluding cases of fetal loss, including still-births and miscarriages with similar Russian data allowed to calculate the approximate prevalence of postpartum depression in the same period. Presumable probability of postpartum depression is 15% in different regions of the world, and the diagnostic criteria of DSM-IV for postpartum depression are representative for comparison. Considering these assumptions, according to 2007 each year about 260,000 out of 1 mln. 600,000 of Russian women in childbirth may suffer from post-natal depression. The results have a probabilistic character. For the mothers the consequences of unrecognized and untreated depression after childbirth are the most frequent. It should be seen as a depressive episode or recurrent depressive disorder which has a singular coloring due to the appearance in the peak period of reproductive age of women. Postpartum depression may increase the possibility of occurrence of relapse of a depressive disorder as well as the transition to a state of chronic depression. Alcoholism or drug use is a common complication of depression; the risk of suicide increases, especially during the time of reducing the severity of the most severe symptoms of depression, though it is below the prevalence of suicide among the population. Particular attention should be paid to such symptoms as instability in mood and irritability as during the postpartum depression and in its residual period. They can cause child abuse. This paper also presents current data on the epidemiology, etiology, risk factors for postpartum depression, its clinical manifestations, the influence of untreated maternal depression on child development, therapy and educational modules to spread multidisciplinary and inter-agency approach in perinatal mental health problems.
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Andreasen, N. C., W. M. Grove, J. Endicott, W. H. Coryell, W. A. Scheftner, R. M. A. Hirschfeld, and M. B. Keller. "The phenomenology of depression." Psychiatry and Psychobiology 3, no. 1 (1988): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0767399x00001267.
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SummaryWhile some investigators believe that the concept of depression is a continuum with mild and severe forms reflecting essentially the same entity, most suspect that the concept is instead heterogeneous and consists of a group of discrete subtypes. If this is so, identifying subtypes is a major priority. Ultimately such subtypes must be understood in terms of their underlying neural and even molecular mechanisms. Yet in order to search for such mechanisms, we still must begin with clinical phenomenology.Two major subtypes of serious depressions have been proposed. Endogenous or melancholic depression is one, while bipolar depression is another. Thinking about both these subtypes tends to assume an underlying biogenic mechanism that is relatively autonomous, although not necessarily free of environmental influences.This paper examines a series of attempts to identify discrete subtypes of depression. One approach, used in a series of investigations, involves the use of mathematical techniques such as cluster analysis in order to identify phenomenologically similar subgroups within the depressive spectrum. This approach has consistently identified a melancholic or endogenous syndrome. Our attempts to validate the concept of endogenous depression through examining external correlates, such as family history, have been less successful.An alternate method for subtyping depression stresses that the bipolar subtype represents a discrete form of severe endogenously caused depression. We bave examined the phenomenology of bipolar versus unipolar depression and found it to differ significantly in a number of respects. Thus, endogenous depression and bipolar depression may represent different phenontena.
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AIRAKSINEN, E., M. LARSSON, I. LUNDBERG, and Y. FORSELL. "Cognitive functions in depressive disorders: evidence from a population-based study." Psychological Medicine 34, no. 1 (January 2004): 83–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291703008559.
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Background. Most of the available evidence on the effects of depression is based on in- and out-patient samples focusing on individuals suffering from major depression. The aims of this study were to examine cognitive functioning in population-based samples and to determine whether cognitive performance varies as a function of depression subgroup.Method. Population-based samples (aged 20–64 years) with major depression (N=68), dysthymia (N=28), mixed anxiety-depressive disorder (N=25) and minor depression (N=66) were examined on a variety of cognitive tasks (i.e. episodic memory, verbal fluency, perceptual-motor speed and mental flexibility). One hundred and seventy-five non-depressed individuals served as controls.Results. The total group of depressed individuals showed impairments in tasks tapping episodic memory and mental flexibility. Of more interest, however, was the observation that the pattern of impairments varied as a function of depression subgroup: the major depression and mixed anxiety-depressive disorder groups exhibited significant memory dysfunction, whereas individuals with dysthymia showed pronounced difficulties in mental flexibility. Minor depression did not affect cognitive performance. Verbal fluency and perceptual-motor speed were not affected by depression.Conclusions. These results indicate that persons with depressive disorders in the population exhibit cognitive impairments in tasks tapping episodic memory and mental flexibility and that cognitive impairment varies as a function of depressive disorder.
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Thom, Robyn Pauline, David S. Bickham, and Michael Rich. "Internet Use, Depression, and Anxiety in a Healthy Adolescent Population: Prospective Cohort Study." JMIR Mental Health 5, no. 2 (May 22, 2018): e44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/mental.8471.
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Background Psychiatric disorders, including conduct disturbances, substance abuse, and affective disorders, emerge in approximately 20% of adolescents. In parallel with the rise in internet use, the prevalence of depression among adolescents has increased. It remains unclear whether and how internet use impacts mental health in adolescents. Objective We assess the association between patterns of internet use and two mental health outcomes (depression and anxiety) in a healthy adolescent population. Methods A total of 126 adolescents between the ages of 12 and 15 years were recruited. Participants reported their typical computer and internet usage patterns. At baseline and one-year follow-up, they completed the Beck Depression Index for primary care (BDI-PC) and the Beck Anxiety Inventory for Primary Care (BAI-PC). Individual linear regressions were completed to determine the association between markers of internet use at baseline and mental health outcomes at one-year follow-up. All models controlled for age, gender, and ethnicity. Results There was an inverse correlation between minutes spent on a favorite website per visit and BAI-PC score. No association was found between internet use and BDI-PC score. Conclusions There is no relationship between internet use patterns and depression in adolescents, whereas internet use may mitigate anxiety in adolescents with higher levels of baseline anxiety.
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Heilemann, MarySue V., Patricia D. Soderlund, Priscilla Kehoe, and Mary-Lynn Brecht. "A Transmedia Storytelling Intervention With Interactive Elements to Benefit Latinas’ Mental Health: Feasibility, Acceptability, and Efficacy." JMIR Mental Health 4, no. 4 (October 19, 2017): e47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/mental.8571.
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Background Latinos report higher rates of depression and anxiety than US whites but are less likely to receive care. Transmedia storytelling interventions accessible on the Internet via smartphones, tablets, and computers hold promise for reducing reluctance to explore or get help for symptoms because they are private, convenient, and can reach large numbers of people, including Latinas with mental health needs. Objective The purpose of this study was to examine the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of a mental health transmedia intervention for Latinas with elevated symptoms of depression, anxiety, or both. Methods A total of 28 symptomatic English-speaking Latina women aged 21 to 48 years participated in a 6-week study using a within-group design. All aspects of the study were completed via telephone or Internet. Participants used their personal devices to engage the Web-based transmedia intervention (in English) that included story-based videos, a data-informed psychotherapeutic video, an interactive video sequence, and a blog written from the point of view of one of the characters with links to mental health resources. Perceived confidence to get help and perceived importance for seeking immediate help were both measured using single-item questions. Participants completed surveys at baseline (via telephone) and 1 and 6 weeks after media engagement that measured various factors, including depression (Patient Health Questionnaire; PHQ-9 and PHQ-8) and anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale; GAD-7). A telephone interview was conducted within 72 hours of media engagement. Action taken or intentions to get help (single-item question) and talking about the videos with others (single-item question) were measured 1 and 6 weeks after media engagement. Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to assess change in depression (PHQ-8) and anxiety (GAD-7) before transmedia engagement and 1 and 6 weeks after. Spearman correlations evaluated the association of confidence and importance of getting help with action taken, anxiety, and depression. Results All 28 Latinas (English speakers) who engaged with the transmedia remained in the 6-week study. Within 1 week of transmedia engagement, 39% of women took action to get help, and 82% discussed the media with others. Symptoms of depression (F2,54=9.0, P<.001) and anxiety (F2,54=18.7, P<.001) significantly reduced across time. Higher levels of confidence were significantly associated with actions taken at 1 (P=.005) and 6 weeks (P=.04), and higher levels of importance were significantly associated with actions taken at 1 (P=.009) and 6 weeks (P=.003). Higher levels of confidence were associated with lower levels of depression (P=.04) and anxiety (P=.01) at 6 weeks. Conclusions Preliminary findings indicate a culturally tailored mental health transmedia intervention is a feasible approach that holds promise for engaging large numbers of symptomatic English-speaking Latina women to begin the process of seeking help, as well as decreasing symptoms of anxiety and depression.
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Wozney, Lori, Patrick J. McGrath, Nicole D. Gehring, Kathryn Bennett, Anna Huguet, Lisa Hartling, Michele P. Dyson, Amir Soleimani, and Amanda S. Newton. "eMental Healthcare Technologies for Anxiety and Depression in Childhood and Adolescence: Systematic Review of Studies Reporting Implementation Outcomes." JMIR Mental Health 5, no. 2 (June 26, 2018): e48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/mental.9655.
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Background Anxiety disorders and depression are frequent conditions in childhood and adolescence. eMental healthcare technologies may improve access to services, but their uptake within health systems is limited. Objective The objective of this review was to examine and describe how the implementation of eMental healthcare technologies for anxiety disorders and depression in children and adolescents has been studied. Methods We conducted a search of 5 electronic databases and gray literature. Eligible studies were those that assessed an eMental healthcare technology for treating or preventing anxiety or depression, included children or adolescents (<18 years), or their parents or healthcare providers and reported findings on technology implementation. The methodological quality of studies was evaluated using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Outcomes of interest were based on 8 implementation outcomes: acceptability (satisfaction with a technology), adoption (technology uptake and utilization), appropriateness (“fitness for purpose”), cost (financial impact of technology implementation), feasibility (extent to which a technology was successfully used), fidelity (implementation as intended), penetration (“spread” or “reach” of the technology), and sustainability (maintenance or integration of a technology within a healthcare service). For extracted implementation outcome data, we coded favorable ratings on measurement scales as “positive results” and unfavorable ratings on measurement scales as “negative results.” Those studies that reported both positive and negative findings were coded as having “mixed results.” Results A total of 46 studies met the inclusion criteria, the majority of which were rated as very good to excellent in methodological quality. These studies investigated eMental healthcare technologies for anxiety (n=23), depression (n=18), or both anxiety and depression (n=5). Studies of technologies for anxiety evaluated the following: (1) acceptability (78%) reported high levels of satisfaction, (2) adoption (43%) commonly reported positive results, and (3) feasibility (43%) reported mixed results. Studies of technologies for depression evaluated the following: (1) appropriateness (56%) reported moderate helpfulness and (2) acceptability (50%) described a mix of both positive and negative findings. Studies of technologies designed to aid anxiety and depression commonly reported mixed experiences with acceptability and adoption and positive findings for appropriateness of the technologies for treatment. Across all studies, cost, fidelity, and penetration and sustainability were the least measured implementation outcomes. Conclusions Acceptability of eMental healthcare technology is high among users and is the most commonly investigated implementation outcome. Perceptions of the appropriateness and adoption of eMental healthcare technology were varied. Implementation research that identifies, evaluates, and reports on costs, sustainability, and fidelity to clinical guidelines is crucial for making high-quality eMental healthcare available to children and adolescents.
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Broom, Matthew A., Amy S. Ladley, Elizabeth A. Rhyne, and Donna R. Halloran. "Feasibility and Perception of Using Text Messages as an Adjunct Therapy for Low-Income, Minority Mothers With Postpartum Depression." JMIR Mental Health 2, no. 1 (March 16, 2015): e4. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/mental.4074.
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Background Postpartum depression (PPD) is the most common medical problem among new mothers that can have a negative impact on infant health. Traditional treatments are often difficult for low-income mothers to complete, particularly given the numerous barriers families face. Objective Among low-income, primarily racial, and ethnic minority mothers with postpartum depression, our aim was to evaluate (1) the feasibility of sending supportive text messages, and (2) the perception of receiving private, supportive text messages for postpartum depression. Methods Mothers found to be at risk for postpartum depression received supportive text messages four times weekly for 6 months in addition to receiving access to traditional counseling services based within an academic pediatric office. Feasibility was evaluated along with cellular and text messaging use, access, and perception of the message protocol. Perception of the message protocol was evaluated at study completion via a Likert scale questionnaire and open-ended qualitative survey. Results In total, 4158/4790 (86.81%) text messages were successfully delivered to 54 mothers over a 6-month period at a low cost (US $777.60). Among the 96 scripted messages, 37 unique messages (38.54%) allowed for a response. Of all sent messages that allowed for responses, 7.30% (118/1616) were responded to, and 66.1% of those responses requested a call back; 46% (25/54) of mothers responded at least once to a text message. Mothers felt that messages were easily received and read (25/28, 89%) and relevant to them personally (23/28, 82%). Most shared texts with others (21/28, 75%). Conclusions Text messaging is feasible, well-accepted, and may serve as a simple, inexpensive adjunct therapy well-suited to cross socioeconomic boundaries and provide private support for at-risk mothers suffering from postpartum depression.
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Culjak, Gordana, Nick Kowalenko, and Christopher Tennant. "Awareness, Access and Use of Internet Self-Help Websites for Depression by University Students." JMIR Mental Health 3, no. 4 (October 27, 2016): e48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/mental.5311.
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Background University students have a higher prevalence rate of depression than the average 18 to 24 year old. Internet self-help has been demonstrated to be effective in decreasing self-rated measures of depression in this population, so it is important to explore the awareness, access and use of such self-help resources in this population. Objective The objective of this study is to explore university students’ awareness, access and use of Internet self-help websites for depression and related problems. Methods A total of 2691 university students were surveyed at 3 time points. Results When asked about browsing behavior, 69.6% (1494/2146) of students reported using the Internet for entertainment. Most students were not familiar with self-help websites for emotional health, although this awareness increased as they completed further assessments. Most students considered user-friendliness, content and interactivity as very important in the design of a self-help website. After being exposed to a self-help website, more students reported visiting websites for emotional health than those who had not been exposed. Conclusions More students reported visiting self-help websites after becoming aware of such resources. Increased awareness of depression and related treatment resources may increase use of such resources. It is important to increase public awareness with the aim of increasing access to targeted strategies for young people.
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Yu, Yanqiu, Rui She, Sitong Luo, Meiqi Xin, Lijuan Li, Suhua Wang, Le Ma, et al. "Factors Influencing Depression and Mental Distress Related to COVID-19 Among University Students in China: Online Cross-sectional Mediation Study." JMIR Mental Health 8, no. 2 (February 22, 2021): e22705. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/22705.
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Background The COVID-19 epidemic may elevate mental distress and depressive symptoms in various populations in China. Objective This study investigates the levels of depression and mental distress due to COVID-19, and the associations between cognitive, behavioral, and psychosocial factors, and depression and mental distress due to COVID-19 among university students in China. Methods A large-scale online cross-sectional study (16 cities in 13 provinces) was conducted among university students from February 1 to 10, 2020, in China; 23,863 valid questionnaires were returned. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 was used to assess depression. Structural equation modeling was performed to test mediation and suppression effects. Results Of the 23,863 participants, 47.1% (n=11,235) reported high or very high levels of one or more types of mental distress due to COVID-19; 39.1% (n=9326) showed mild to severe depression. Mental distress due to COVID-19 was positively associated with depression. All but one factor (perceived infection risks, perceived chance of controlling the epidemic, staying at home, contacted people from Wuhan, and perceived discrimination) were significantly associated with mental distress due to COVID-19 and depression. Mental distress due to COVID-19 partially mediated and suppressed the associations between some of the studied factors and depression (effect size of 6.0%-79.5%). Conclusions Both mental distress due to COVID-19 and depression were prevalent among university students in China; the former may have increased the prevalence of the latter. The studied cognitive, behavioral, and psychosocial factors related to COVID-19 may directly or indirectly (via mental distress due to COVID-19) affect depression. Interventions to modify such factors may reduce mental distress and depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 epidemic.
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Hohl-Radke, Felix, Gregor Leutheußer, Maria Groh, Irina Reimann, Milena Koch, and Peter Zimmermann. "Persönlichkeitsstörungen und Werteorientierungen als Prädiktoren männlicher Depression bei militärischen und zivilen Patienten." Psychiatrische Praxis 46, no. 07 (May 28, 2019): 394–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0890-8253.
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ZusammenfassungZiel der Studie war es, Unterschiede zwischen einer militärischen und einer zivilen Stichprobe von Patienten mit Depressionen im Hinblick auf das Konstrukt der männlichen Depression, auf weitere depressive Symptome, Persönlichkeitsakzentuierungen und Werteorientierung zu identifizieren. Dazu wurden je 50 zivile und militärische Patienten untersucht. Unterschiede hinsichtlich des Vorkommens der männlichen Depression fanden sich nicht, es zeigten sich aber Zusammenhänge mit einzelnen Persönlichkeitsakzenten und Werteorientierungen.
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Smith, Megan V., and Carolyn M. Mazure. "Mental Health and Wealth: Depression, Gender, Poverty, and Parenting." Annual Review of Clinical Psychology 17, no. 1 (May 7, 2021): 181–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-071219-022710.
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Depression is a common and debilitating condition that adversely affects functioning and the capacity to work and establish economic stability. Women are disproportionately burdened by depression, and low-income pregnant and parenting women have particularly high rates of depression and often lack access to treatment. As depression can be treated, it is a modifiable risk factor for poor economic outcomes for women, and thus for children and families. Recent national and state health care policy changes offer the opportunity for community-based psychological and economic interventions that can reduce the number of pregnant and parenting women with clinically significant depressive symptoms. Moreover, there is strong evidence that in addition to benefiting women's well-being, such reforms bolster children's emotional and social development and learning and help families rise out of poverty. This review summarizes the mental health and economic literature regarding how maternal depression perpetuates intergenerational poverty and discusses recommendations regarding policies to treat maternal depression in large-scale social services systems.
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Shamrey, V. K., A. A. Marchenko, and E. S. Kurasov. "Modern approaches to objectivization of diagnostics of mental disorders." Bulletin of the Russian Military Medical Academy 20, no. 4 (December 15, 2018): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/brmma12255.
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586 patients with mental disorders of headings F0-F4 (according to the 10th revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases) and 18 mentally healthy people were studied. An automated ethological analysis of psychodiagnostic interviews, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, a pictographic survey, psychometric scales, stress testing, and structural and functional neuroimaging methods were used. Reliable differences are shown when examining patients with mental disorders using a set of instrumental, laboratory and psychophysiological methods for investigating mental disorders. Significant differences in the volume of behavioral reactions in patients with schizophrenic disorder were revealed. With the help of the pictographic methodic, reliable differences are shown in patients with neurotic disorders and depressive episodes, as well as in persons with preclinical neurotic disorders. Neuroimaging methodic showed significant differences in the structure and functional activity of different parts of the brain in patients with endogenous, organic, neurotic depressions, as well as addictive disorders compared with healthy individuals. It was found that, despite the pronounced individual differences, even a simple comparative analysis (ethological part of the study) revealed statistically significant indicators in the volume of behavioral reactions in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, compared with healthy individuals. The results of the study of «neuroimaging markers» of the depressive disorders have shown, that «endogenous» depression at the PET (positron emission tomography) - study was determined by the decrease in the level of metabolism in the heads of caudate nuclei by20-40% of normal with moderate depression (up to 25 points on the HAMD) and more than 40% - severe (more than 26 points on the HAMD) compared to the control group, which was not observed in the «reactive» depression. It was found that the use of «neuroendocrine markers» (platelet serotonin, cortisol) in the diagnosis of depressive disorders allows, on the one hand, to study the causal mechanisms of mental disorders with an externally similar phenomenological picture, and on the other - to assess the pathophysiological consequences and severity of mental pathology. The possibility of modification of approaches to objectification, prognosis and early detection of mental disorders is shown.
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Tomba, Elena, Lucia Tecuta, Valentina Gardini, and Elena Lo Dato. "Mental Pain in Eating Disorders: An Exploratory Controlled Study." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 16 (August 14, 2021): 3584. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10163584.
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Mental pain (MP) is a transdiagnostic feature characterized by depression, suicidal ideation, emotion dysregulation, and associated with worse levels of distress. The study explores the presence and the discriminating role of MP in EDs in detecting patients with higher depressive and ED-related symptoms. Seventy-one ED patients and 90 matched controls completed a Clinical Assessment Scale for MP (CASMP) and the Mental Pain Questionnaire (MPQ). ED patients also completed the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Clinical Interview for Depression (CID-20), and Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-40). ED patients exhibited significantly greater severity and higher number of cases of MP than controls. Moreover, MP resulted the most important cluster predictor followed by BDI-II, CID-20, and EAT-40 in discriminating between patients with different ED and depression severity in a two-step cluster analysis encompassing 87.3% (n = 62) of the total ED sample. Significant positive associations have been found between MP and bulimic symptoms, cognitive and somatic-affective depressive symptoms, suicidal tendencies, and anxiety-related symptoms. In particular, those presenting MP reported significantly higher levels of depressive and anxiety-related symptoms than those without. MP represents a clinical aspect that can help to detect more severe cases of EDs and to better understand the complex interplay between ED and mood symptomatology.
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Smith, Terri, Alan W. Gemmill, and Jeannette Milgrom. "Perinatal anxiety and depression: Awareness and attitudes in Australia." International Journal of Social Psychiatry 65, no. 5 (May 31, 2019): 378–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020764019852656.
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Background: Better community mental health literacy is associated with positive help-seeking behaviours and reduced stigma. There are relatively few published surveys of perinatal mental health literacy. Aims: To provide a profile of current awareness, knowledge and attitudes in relation to the mental health of women and men in the perinatal period. Method: A cross-sectional online survey ( n = 1,201) of adults (⩾ 18 years) in each state and territory of Australia was conducted in early 2016. Survey questions were based on a previous 2009 survey, with the addition of several novel items designed to assess knowledge around both perinatal anxiety and men’s perinatal mental health. Results: Depression (including postnatal depression) was the most frequently cited general health problem for women in the first postnatal year (52% of spontaneous first responses). Over 70% of adults believed that postnatal depression requires specialised treatment and checks for depressive symptoms should occur routinely in pregnancy and the first postnatal year. Women identified postnatal depression at a higher rate than men. Most commonly, postnatal depression was perceived as having a biological rather than psychosocial etiology (34.5%). Men and women differed in their knowledge about the symptoms of postnatal depression with more women correctly identifying core depressive symptoms. The specific term ‘perinatal depression’ was not well recognised. Although not well recognised as a general health issue, when prompted, 39% of respondents were aware of anxiety as a specific perinatal mental health issue. Most adult Australians (60%) were unaware that perinatal depression and anxiety could be experienced by men. Conclusion: Awareness of postnatal depression appeared high. However, areas including anxiety, antenatal mental health, and men’s mental health were less well-understood. There remains considerable scope, and a need for, continued awareness-raising around anxiety, mental health in pregnancy and men’s mental health.
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Sheppard, Leyland C., and John D. Teasdale. "Depressive thinking: changes in schematic mental models of self and world." Psychological Medicine 26, no. 5 (September 1996): 1043–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291700035364.
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SynopsisAlternative explanations for the changes in thinking associated with depression were examined. Depressive thinking could reflect a generalized increase in accessibility of negative constructs and memories, previously associated with depression. Alternatively, depressive thinking could reflect changes at a more generic level of cognitive representation, related to schematic mental models. To investigate contrasting predictions from these two explanations, depressed patients and non-depressed controls completed sentence stems involving social approval or personal achievement e.g. ‘If I could always be right then others would____me’. Construct accessibility views predict that depression will be associated with more negative completions (e.g. ‘dislike’). By contrast, the schematic model view predicts patients may give more positive completions (e.g. ‘like’). This is because schematic models reflect inter-relationships between constructs, and, it is suggested, depression is associated with use of schematic mental models that imply closer dependence of personal worth/acceptance on success/approval than the models used in the non-depressed state. Predictions from the schematic model view were supported, confirming previous findings. Results suggest that depressive thinking reflects changes in the high level mental models used to interpret experience.
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Elena, M., and Z. Irina. "Prenosological Symptoms of Depression at Adolescent as Prediction of the Big Depression in the Elder." European Psychiatry 24, S1 (January 2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)70923-x.
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Introduction:Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that the risk of occurrence of depressions increases in the period between adolescent and adult ages. The current research described the most frequent subdepressive's symptoms.The aim was to analyze the importance of subclinical depressive symptoms as risk factors of the future depression.Methods:There were 37 adolescent investigated of 13-18 years old, 9 of them were 18 years old. Symptoms of depression were measured by Beck's test. Also the frequency of separate depressive's symptoms with the Hamilton's test was considered: mood lowering, normal activity decrease, psychomotor torpidity, guilt feelings, attention deficit, fatigue, learning problems, reduction of socializing communications, sleep and appetite disorders, suicide thoughts.Results:The research demonstrated that 16 participants had subdepressive disorders with 9 points of Beck's test. 11 adolescent (13-17 year old) and 9 (18 year old) corresponded 19 points on Beck's test. The later were mostly predisposed to depression.Conclusions:The conducted study pointed out that sudepressive symptoms which didn't meet the criteria of a big depression could be considered as a predictable factors of depressive disorders in the old year age.
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Wakefield, Jerome C., and Allan V. Horwitz. "La medicalizzazione della tristezza: come la psichiatria ha trasformato una semplice emozione in un disturbo mentale." SALUTE E SOCIETÀ, no. 2 (July 2009): 56–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/ses2009-002005.
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- This essay argues that changes in the diagnostic criteria of depression that occurred with the introduction of the DSM-III have resulted in the treatment of normal emotions of sadness as well as of depressive disorders. In fact, the new symptoms-based definition no longer allows the distinction of common states of unhappiness from mental disease. The authors explain, first, the reasons for this change and, second, the reasons for the desirability of reversing this trend and restoring the conception distinction between depressive disorder and normal sadness.Keywords: depression, DSM, medicalization, psychiatry, sadness, sociology of health.Parole chiave: depressione, DSM, medicalizzazione, psichiatria, tristezza, sociologia della salute.
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Lourenço, M., L. P. Azevedo, and J. L. Gouveia. "Depression impact on the sexual desire." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 1549. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73253-9.
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IntroductionDepression as a pathology and the side effects of pharmacology therapy have been pointed proven to be as responsible for the lack of sexual desire. Among the drugs used in the treatment of depression, anti-depressives are the ones mostly connected to sexual dysfunction.Aims /objectivesTo study the relationship between depression and its impact on the sexual desire in psychiatric patients.MethodsThe chosen sample is composed of 89 subjects, 73 females and 16 males, with ages ranging from 21 to 70 years, who present with depressive symptomatology (mild to moderate symptomatology (MMS) and severe symptomatology (SS).To each patient 3 instruments were applied: 1)Questionnaire used to collect demographic and clinical data from the sample;2)Instrument of estimation of the depression degree (BDI - Beck Depression Inventory);3)Instrument of valuation of the sexual desire (SDS - Sexual Desire Scale).ResultsDepression average value obtained with BDI was 25.58 (SD = 11.86). The majority was satisfied with their marital relationship (72.7% and 52.9%, respectively), and the group with most sexual damaged (actual sexual performance regarding sexual desire) being the one with severe depression (54.5% versus 82.4%, respectively). Regarding total SDS value, the group with MMD present with higher levels of sexual desire (M = 54.93; DP = 14.56) than the group with SD (M = 41.82; DP = 11.86).ConclusionsThis study presents an exploratory character and the obtained results revealed that depressive symptomatology severity is directly related with sexual desire, by saying the higher the depression's severity is the lower sexual desire will be.
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Hui, Alison, Paul Wai-Ching Wong, and King-Wa Fu. "Evaluation of an Online Campaign for Promoting Help-Seeking Attitudes for Depression Using a Facebook Advertisement: An Online Randomized Controlled Experiment." JMIR Mental Health 2, no. 1 (March 18, 2015): e5. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/mental.3649.
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Background A depression-awareness campaign delivered through the Internet has been recommended as a public health approach that would enhance mental health literacy and encourage help-seeking attitudes. However, the outcomes of such a campaign remain understudied. Objective The main aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an online depression awareness campaign, which was informed by the theory of planned behavior, to encourage help-seeking attitudes for depression and to enhance mental health literacy in Hong Kong. The second aim was to examine click-through behaviors by varying the affective facial expressions of people in the Facebook advertisements. Methods Potential participants were recruited through Facebook advertisements, using either a happy or sad face illustration. Volunteer participants registered for the study by clicking on the advertisement and were invited to leave their personal email addresses to receive educational content about depression. The participants were randomly assigned into two groups (campaign or control), and over a four consecutive week period, received either the campaign material or official information developed by the Hospital Authority in Hong Kong. Pretests and posttests were conducted before and after the campaign to measure the differences in help-seeking attitudes and mental health literacy among the campaign and control groups. Results Of the 199 participants that registered and completed the pretest, 116 (55 campaign and 62 control) completed the campaign and the posttest. At the posttest, we found no significant changes in help-seeking attitudes between the campaign and control groups, but the campaign group participants demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in mental health literacy (P=.031) and a higher willingness to access additional information (P<.001) than the control group. Moreover, the happy face Facebook advertisement attracted more click-throughs by users into the website than did the sad face advertisement (P=.03). Conclusions The present study provides evidence that an online campaign can enhance people’s mental health literacy. It also demonstrates the practicality and effectiveness of an online depression awareness campaign using a Facebook-based recruitment strategy and distribution of educational materials through emails. It is important for future studies to take advantage of the popularity of online social media and conduct evaluative research on mental health promotion campaigns.
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Paradiso, Sergio, Tatsunobu Ohkubo, and Robert G. Robinson. "Vegetative and Psychological Symptoms Associated with Depressed Mood over the First Two Years after Stroke." International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine 27, no. 2 (June 1997): 137–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/bwja-kqp3-7vuy-d06t.
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Introduction: In patients with acute physical illness, symptoms used in the diagnosis of major depression such as sleep or appetite disturbance may be nonspecific for depression. This study was undertaken to examine the association of depressed mood with other depressive symptoms to determine which symptoms were most useful in the accurate diagnosis of major depression after stroke. Methods: Using a structured mental status examination, 142 patients with acute stroke were followed at three, six, twelve, and twenty-four months. Results: The median number of vegetative and psychological symptoms among patients with depressed mood was more than three times the respective rates among nondepressed patients at all time points over two years. Autonomic anxiety, morning depression, subjective anergia, worrying, brooding, loss of interest, hopelessness, and lack of self-confidence were significantly more frequent among depressed patients than nondepressed patients throughout the entire two-year period. Some symptoms such as anxious foreboding and loss of libido, as well as self-depreciation, feelings of guilt, and irritability were no longer significantly more common among depressed compared with nondepressed patients after six months. Standard DSM-IV diagnostic criteria and modified DSM-IV diagnostic criteria which included only specific symptoms of depression (i.e., symptoms which were significantly more frequent among depressed than nondepressed mood patients) yielded similar frequencies of major depression diagnosis. There were only a few patients (i.e., 2% to 3%) with depressive symptoms without a depressed mood (perhaps “masked” depressions). Conclusions: Vegetative and psychological depressive symptoms are significantly more common in depressed patients over the first two years after stroke and DSM-IV criteria do not overdiagnose major depression even in this population with chronic physical illness. The symptoms which characterize major depression appear to change between the subacute and chronic post-stroke periods.
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Acharya, Dr Prof Shripathi, and Miss Rajeshwari Acharya. "Ayurvedic management of Mental Depression." International Research Journal of Ayurveda & Yoga 03, no. 07 (2020): 252–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.47223/irjay.2020.3708.
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Moller, H. J., and R. Bottlender. "Severe mental illness in depression." Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 113, s429 (February 2006): 64–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2005.00720.x.
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Chao, Y., C. Katigbak, and X. Dong. "Depression, Anxiety, and Mental Health." Innovation in Aging 2, suppl_1 (November 1, 2018): 509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igy023.1889.
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Hale, A. S. "ABC of mental health: Depression." BMJ 315, no. 7099 (July 5, 1997): 43–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.315.7099.43.
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Kee, Michelle Z. L., Santhi Ponmudi, Desiree Y. Phua, Anne Rifkin-Graboi, Yap Seng Chong, Kok Hian Tan, Jerry Kok Yen Chan, Birit F. P. Broekman, Helen Chen, and Michael J. Meaney. "Preconception origins of perinatal maternal mental health." Archives of Women's Mental Health 24, no. 4 (January 23, 2021): 605–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00737-020-01096-y.
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AbstractPerinatal maternal symptoms of depression and anxiety compromise psychosocial function and influence developmental outcomes in the offspring. The onset of symptoms remains unclear with findings that suggest a preconceptual origin. We addressed this issue with a prospective analysis of anxiety and depressive symptom profiles from preconception through to parturition. Women were recruited into a preconception study to assess (a) variation in symptom levels of depression and anxiety from pre- to post-conception and (b) if the symptom network profiles of depression and anxiety change from pre-conception to post-conception. A within-subject intraclass correlation analyses revealed that symptoms of depression or anxiety in the preconception phase strongly predicted those across pregnancy and into the early postnatal period. The symptom network analysis revealed that the symptom profiles remained largely unchanged from preconception into the second trimester. Our findings suggest that for a significant portion of women, maternal mental health remains stable from preconception into pregnancy. This finding highlights the need for early intervention studies on women’s mental health to be targeted during the preconception period and to be extended across the population.