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Yury, Craig A. "Analysis of empirical research on augmentation strategies for unipolar depression." abstract and full text PDF (UNR users only), 2008. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3316366.
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Rogers, Mark A. (Mark Andrew) 1969. "Neuropsychological studies of melancholic and non-melancholic depression." Monash University, Dept. of Psychology, 2001. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/9228.
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Wu, Ho Yee. "The process of reality negotiations in finding hope for people who have encountered depression: a collaborative narrative research." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2017. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/395.
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The aim of this research is to reveal the reality negotiation process for finding hope in people who have Depression. In the traditional, modern and medical models of depression, and biological, psychological, social or even contextual perspectives, it is considered that people who are affected by depression are stigmatized in a sick role with different kinds of dysfunctions or deficiencies. They are not considered to have much hope. Their reality is singular and absolute which prevent the use of personal agency to make choices, take action and narrate preferences and experiences to address their problems. In the school of positive psychology, there is a theory that focuses on pathways to hope which aim at positivity as people have the ability for reality negotiation. The postmodern and humanistic views have allowed people to start to see that even though one may be affected by mental illnesses, one will still have his/her expert knowledge, unique experiences, and strategies through narratives of hope. This research is collaborative narrative research. Twelve individuals, males and females of different ages and backgrounds, have been invited to take part in semi-structured in-depth narrative interviews. They have also been invited to provide feedback and reflections during the interview process. They are given the opportunity to comment on their own verbatim and review the script at a second interview for further storytelling and reflection. When these individuals are given the space and time to narrate their accounts of negotiating depression, the hope that is previously hidden will then emerge. Throughout the conversation, they reconstruct their preferred self by revisiting the negotiation process. They have the agency to perform their preferred life and self-strategies and over techniques to manage life problems and compete with the power of dominant discourses within the mainstream context. It is shown that they have to lead their life with hopeful stories that are applicable to their future life circumstances. A theory is consequently formulated based on the findings of the process of reality negotiation in finding hope. Recommendations are provided in light of the current situation of mental health services in the Hong Kong Chinese cultural context, which include recommendations on the allocation of resources and human resources that are oriented towards the expertise of the persons who are facing depression. It is based on their knowledge and experience found by the everyday stories of the persons through collaboration with them.
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Moss, Philip. "A portfolio of study, practice and research including 'A study of aggression experienced by mental health workers'." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.323971.
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Chen, Feng 1963. "Behavioural and neurochemical characterisation of central 5-HT systems in alcohol-preferring fawn-hooded rats." Monash University, Dept. of Pharmacology, 2001. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/8311.
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Davis, Meg Elizabeth Doyle Eva. "A pilot study of community based participatory research methods among Brazilian church members." Waco, Tex. : Baylor University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2104/5050.
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Byatt, Nancy. "Rapid Access to Perinatal Psychiatric Care in Depression (RAPPID): A Master’s Thesis." eScholarship@UMMS, 2004. http://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/731.
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Depression is the leading cause of disability among women of reproductive age worldwide. Upwards of 1 in 5 women suffer from perinatal depression. This condition has deleterious effects on several birth outcomes, infant attachment, and children’s behavior/development. Maternal suicide causes 20% of postpartum deaths in depressed women. Although the vast majority of perinatal women are amenable to being screened for depression, screening alone does not improve treatment rates or patient outcomes. Obstetrics/Gynecology (Ob/Gyn) clinics need supports in place to adequately address depression in their patient populations. The primary goal of this thesis is to develop, refine, and pilot test a new low-cost and sustainable stepped care program for Ob/Gyn clinics that will improve perinatal women’s depression treatment rates and outcomes. We developed and beta tested the Rapid Access to Perinatal Psychiatric Care in Depression (RAPPID) Program, to create a comprehensive intervention that is proactive, multifaceted, and practical. RAPPID aims to improve perinatal depression treatment and treatment response rates through: (1) access to immediate resource provision/referrals and psychiatric telephone consultation for Ob/Gyn providers; (2) clinic-specific implementation of depression care, including training support and toolkits; and (3) proactive depression screening, assessment, and treatment in OB/Gyn clinics. RAPPID builds on a low-cost and widely disseminated population-based model for delivering psychiatric care in primary care settings. Formative data and feedback from key stakeholders also informed the development of RAPPID. Our formative and pilot work in real-world settings suggests RAPPID is feasible and has the potential to improve depression detection and treatment in Ob/Gyn settings. The next step will be to compare two active interventions, RAPPID vs. enhanced usual care (access to resource provision/referrals and psychiatric telephone consultation) in a cluster-randomized trial in which we will randomize 12 Ob/Gyn clinics to either RAPPID or enhanced usual care.
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Byatt, Nancy. "Rapid Access to Perinatal Psychiatric Care in Depression (RAPPID): A Master’s Thesis." eScholarship@UMMS, 2015. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/731.
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Depression is the leading cause of disability among women of reproductive age worldwide. Upwards of 1 in 5 women suffer from perinatal depression. This condition has deleterious effects on several birth outcomes, infant attachment, and children’s behavior/development. Maternal suicide causes 20% of postpartum deaths in depressed women. Although the vast majority of perinatal women are amenable to being screened for depression, screening alone does not improve treatment rates or patient outcomes. Obstetrics/Gynecology (Ob/Gyn) clinics need supports in place to adequately address depression in their patient populations. The primary goal of this thesis is to develop, refine, and pilot test a new low-cost and sustainable stepped care program for Ob/Gyn clinics that will improve perinatal women’s depression treatment rates and outcomes. We developed and beta tested the Rapid Access to Perinatal Psychiatric Care in Depression (RAPPID) Program, to create a comprehensive intervention that is proactive, multifaceted, and practical. RAPPID aims to improve perinatal depression treatment and treatment response rates through: (1) access to immediate resource provision/referrals and psychiatric telephone consultation for Ob/Gyn providers; (2) clinic-specific implementation of depression care, including training support and toolkits; and (3) proactive depression screening, assessment, and treatment in OB/Gyn clinics. RAPPID builds on a low-cost and widely disseminated population-based model for delivering psychiatric care in primary care settings. Formative data and feedback from key stakeholders also informed the development of RAPPID. Our formative and pilot work in real-world settings suggests RAPPID is feasible and has the potential to improve depression detection and treatment in Ob/Gyn settings. The next step will be to compare two active interventions, RAPPID vs. enhanced usual care (access to resource provision/referrals and psychiatric telephone consultation) in a cluster-randomized trial in which we will randomize 12 Ob/Gyn clinics to either RAPPID or enhanced usual care.
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Coleman, Max. "Anomie: Concept, Theory, Research Promise." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1402101670.
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Ulbricht, Christine M. "Latent Variable Approaches for Understanding Heterogeneity in Depression: A Dissertation." eScholarship@UMMS, 2015. http://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/774.
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Background: Major depression is one of the most prevalent, disabling, and costly illnesses worldwide. Despite a 400% increase in antidepressant medication use since 1988, fewer than half of treated depression patients experience a clinically meaningful reduction in symptoms and uncertainty exists regarding how to successfully obtain symptom remission. Identifying homogenous subgroups based on clinically observable characteristics could improve the ability to efficiently predict who will benefit from which treatments.
Methods: Latent class analysis and latent transition analysis (LTA) were applied to data from the Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression (STAR*D) study to explore how to efficiently identify subgroups comprised of the multiple dimensions of depression and examine changes in subgroup membership during treatment. The specific aims of this dissertation were to: 1) evaluate latent depression subgroups for men and women prior to antidepressant treatment; 2) examine transitions in these subgroups over 12 weeks of citalopram treatment; and 3) examine differences in functional impairment between women’s depression subgroups throughout treatment.
Results: Four subgroups of depression were identified for men and women throughout this work. Men’s subgroups were distinguished by depression severity and psychomotor agitation and retardation. Severity, appetite changes, insomnia, and psychomotor disturbances characterized women’s subgroups. Psychiatric comorbidities, especially anxiety disorders, were related to increased odds of membership in baseline moderate and severe depression subgroups for men and women. After 12 weeks of citalopram treatment, depression severity and psychomotor agitation were related to men’s chances of improving. Severity and appetite changes were related to women’s likelihood of improving during treatment. When functional impairment was incorporated in LTA models for women, baseline functional impairment levels were related to both depression subgroups at baseline and chances of moving to a different depression subgroup after treatment.
Conclusion: Depression severity, psychomotor disturbances, appetite changes, and insomnia distinguished depression subgroups in STAR*D. Gender, functional impairment, comorbid psychiatric disorders, and likelihood of transitioning to subgroups characterized by symptom improvement differed between these subgroups. The results of this work highlight how relying solely on summary symptom rating scale scores during treatment obscures changes in depression that might be informative for improving treatment response.
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Miller, Paul K. "The social reality of depression : on the situated construction, negotiation and management of a mental illness category in primary care." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2003. http://insight.cumbria.ac.uk/id/eprint/75/.
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This project is a study of the way that people use language actively to achieve certain ends in communication, the way that they organise their spoken discourse to construct, convincingly, the state of their lives, both ‘internal’ and ‘external’. It does this primarily through an analysis of the systematic properties of the descriptive, communicative and interpretative skills which members use in the accomplishment of the meanings central to everyday existence. More specifically, this project is a study of verbal accounts of, and doctor-patient interaction relating to, clinical depression. The project begins from the premise that most social studies of depression and its diagnosis have been subject to the same problematic treatment of language as a ‘transparent medium’ as the psychiatric frames upon which the modern clinical understanding of depression in the UK is itself based. I aim, in view of this, to demonstrate how hitherto neglected elements in the social analysis of the condition can be revealed with the application of an alternative methodology, a methodology which treats talk-in-interaction as a dynamic and constructive phenomenon rather than a neutral conduit for the passage of information. The empirical data takes the form of a set of General Practitioners from a single practice in the North West talking freely about depression and their experiences of diagnosing it, and actual consultations between these GPs and their patients. Drawing upon Wittgenstein, Ethnomethodology, Discursive Psychology and, particularly, Conversation Analysis this project examines the ways in which doctors and patients construct, negotiate and manage ‘depressive’ meanings in the course of medical interaction, always holding tightly to Wittgenstein’s maxim that practice gives words their significance.
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Ainsworth, Kerri. "Neuropharmacological studies of antidepressant action on brain dopamine systems." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:15c300a8-1395-4a8c-be8e-474c42c5a5b5.
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Hillman, Jennifer B. "The Association of Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms with Obesity Among Adolescent Females: Looking Beyond Body Mass Index." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1211487188.
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Temp, Anna Gesine Marie. "Exploring the explorers : studying the mood, mental health, cognition and the lived experience of extreme environments in a small isolated team confined to an Arctic research station." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/31102.
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Background: The human ability to adapt to extreme environments is fascinating. Research into this adaptation has been lacking in Arctic isolated teams because it has concentrated on Antarctic teams. The hazards of the poles often confine the researchers indoors with their colleagues, reducing their privacy. This deployment also limits their contact with loved ones at home. Subsequently, over the course of polar night, rates of anxiety, depression, irritability and sleep disturbance increase (Suedfeld & Palinkas, 2008). Often, the teams complain of cognitive impairments. The High Arctic’s distinctive feature is the polar bear. The presence of bears requires Arctic research station teams to handle fire arms for their personal safety. It also means that fire arms – which are highly restricted in the Antarctic – are ever-present and easily accessible at Arctic stations. This poses a unique psychological challenge for these teams which has not been well-researched. Methodology: This thesis is an original contribution to science in that it employs a mixed-methods approach combining phenomenological interviews, cognitive testing and mental health assessment via questionnaires with a team spending a year at the Polish Polar Station, Hornsund, Svalbard. The participants were ten of the eleven winter team members who spent the year between July 2015 and June 2016 at Hornsund (“Explorers”) and an age-/gender-/education-matched control group (“Controls”). They filled in the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised and the Profile of Mood States-Brief Version in July, September, January, April and June of that year. Cognitive testing was completed in September, January and June; it comprised the Figural Learning and Memory Test, the Sustained Attention to Response Task (SART), the elevator tasks of the Test of Everyday Attention (TEA) and the Raven Standard Progressive Matrices. The interviews took place at the same time as the cognitive testing. Results: The results showed that the most stressful time reported in the questionnaires was April 2016, just after the winter isolation had ended and the sun had risen again. The Explorers reported little subjective complaints about their cognition but they performed near-ceiling on the TEA while scoring far below their Controls on the SART. This implies a dichotomy between sustained attention and inhibition in the Explorers. Their lived experiences were shaped by a struggle to adapt to the other team members rather than by struggling to adapt to the hazardous environment. The environment was perceived as awe-inspiring. Over time, the Explorers shifted their view of the team from informal colleagues to a family which they did not choose to be a member of and then, to friends. Unanimously, other people were seen as the most difficult aspect of the mission. Conclusions: This thesis provides unique insight into a non-Anglo-Saxon Arctic wintering team: the conclusions suggest that participants should receive social training to get along better and be emotionally prepared. The findings can be implemented by my research partner, the Institute of Geophysics (Warsaw) to better select and prepare their future expeditions to Hornsund. Some of the insights such as the nature of the interpersonal stressors may be applicable to space missions.
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Anthony, Kathleen Hope. "Exploring Helper and Consumer Partnerships That Facilitate Recovery From Severe Mental Illness." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1131125531.
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Darwin, Zoe. "Assessing and Responding to Maternal Stress (ARMS) : antenatal psychosocial assessment in research and practice." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/assessing-and-responding-to-maternal-stress-arms-antenatal-psychosocial-assessment-in-research-and-practice(f58f4ced-df4e-49d6-ba08-24f24fade0a5).html.
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Background: Antenatal Psychosocial Assessment (APA) has recently been introduced into routine antenatal care, but the ways in which maternity service providers assess and respond to maternal stress are subject of debate. There is a lack of consensus on the instrument(s) of choice and lack of evidence regarding appropriate interventions. Further, national guidelines have not kept apace with the conceptual shift from ‘postnatal depression’ to ‘perinatal anxiety and depression’. Adopting the Medical Research Council Complex Interventions Framework, the ARMS research aimed to inform the development of interventions that support women who are experiencing, or at risk of, mild-moderate mental health disorder in pregnancy. Methods: A mixed methods approach was adopted. In the quantitative element (Study Part 1) participants (n=191) completed a questionnaire when attending for their first formal antenatal appointment, using a procedure and materials that had been previously tested in a pilot study. Details including mental health assessment and referrals were obtained from their health records, following delivery. In the qualitative element (Study Part 2) a sub-sample of women (n=22) experiencing high levels of maternal stress took part in up to three serial in-depth interviews during pregnancy and the early postnatal period.Findings: Maternal stress was found to be common. Using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) threshold of ≥10, approximately 1 in 4 women were classed as high depression (halving to 1 in 8 at the more conservative threshold of ≥13). Almost 1 in 3 women were classed as high anxiety, using the state scale of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-S, threshold ≥41), compared with 1 in 5 using the two-item GAD (threshold ≥3). Fewer than half of the women identified as high anxiety were identified by both measures. Factor analyses of the symptom measures were consistent with wider literature suggesting a three-item anxiety component of the EPDS; however, concurrent validation using regression analyses did not indicate that the EPDS could be used as an anxiety case finding instrument. Women reported that maternal stress had significant impact on their lives that may not be captured with existing clinical approaches. Women commonly found it difficult to self-assess severity of maternal stress and the assessment process could itself act as an intervention. The research provided the first validation of the depression case finding questions in UK clinical practice. The Whooley items completed in clinical practice identified only half of the possible cases identified by the EPDS, at both commonly adopted EPDS thresholds. Inclusion of the Arroll 'help' question as a criterion improved specificity of the assessment completed in clinical practice but substantially compromised sensitivity, missing 9 in 10 possible cases. Women’s mental health history and treatment history were similarly under-reported, particularly concerning anxiety. APA was introduced into routine clinical practice without attention to topics of relevance to women, context of disclosure or to provision of adequate resources for consistently responding to identified need. Women experiencing, or at risk of, mild-moderate disorder were thus usually ineligible for further support. Implications: Care pathways are needed that encompass both assessing and responding to maternal stress, where communication with health professionals, subsequent referral and management are addressed. The development, implementation and evaluation of low-cost resources embedded in such pathways are a priority and the research presented in the thesis offers a foundation on which to build.
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Zidron, Amy M. "The Impact of Orphanhood on Luo Children." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1220921226.
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Allen, Rachael Welsh. "From Quackery to Control: Perceptions of Complementary and Alternative Medicine from Users with Mental Health Disorders." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2372.
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This study is an investigation into why people with depression and anxiety use complementary and alternative medicines at higher rates than the general population. The study examines perceptions of mental illness and meanings assigned to depression and anxiety, others’ perceptions of mental illness, and experiences with conventional medicine. All participants were using complementary and alternative medicine at the time of the study; their reasons for CAM use as well as how CAM affected perceptions of their illness were main research questions. I conducted three focus groups with individuals diagnosed with depression who were using complementary and alternative medicine as forms of treatment. Focus groups were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using the coding software Nvivo. Participants were also given two questionnaires that were analyzed using SPSS. This study shows that complementary and alternative medicine ultimately gives individuals perceived control, a sense of agency, action, and acceptance in regards to their mental illness.
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Erps, Kristen Herner. "School Psychologists and Suicide Risk Assessment: Role Perception and Competency." TopSCHOLAR®, 2018. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/3062.
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As the second leading cause of death for adolescents, suicide has become one of the biggest concerns for school personnel. School psychologists are often expected to be the most competent and able to lead in suicide prevention efforts, however, studies have shown a lack of preparedness in crisis intervention and, more specifically, suicide risk assessment. This study surveyed practicing school psychologists (N = 92) to explore their perception of both their role and competency in suicide risk assessment. While school psychologists reported having varying roles within their district related to suicide risk assessment, the majority endorsed having a role at the tertiary level (i.e., intervening with a student identified as needing help). Participants indicated lacking both graduate training and competency in this area. Significant interactions were found between perceptions of role and competency and primary school setting, state employed, and previous training or exposure. Limitations and future directions are discussed.
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Masters, Grace A. "Bipolar Disorder in the Perinatal Period: Understanding Gaps in Care to Improve Access and Patient Outcomes." eScholarship@UMMS, 2021. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/1127.
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Background:
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a significant cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality. Because BD is hard to detect and treat, these individuals often go without care. This dissertation was designed to: (1) identify the prevalence rates of BD and bipolar-spectrum mood episodes in perinatal individuals, (2) understand pertinent barriers to mental healthcare, and (3) elucidate how to bridge healthcare gaps.
Methods:
Data sources included: primary qualitative and quantitative data from obstetric clinicians, encounter data from Massachusetts Child Psychiatry Access Program (MCPAP) for Moms, a program aimed at helping clinicians to provide mental healthcare to perinatal patients. Analyses included: descriptive statistics, systematic review and meta-analysis, qualitative data analyses, longitudinal regression analyses, and group-based trajectory modeling.
Results:
The prevalence of BD in perinatal individuals was 2.6% (95% CI: 1.2 to 4.5%). Twenty to 54.9% were found to have a bipolar-spectrum mood episode. Barriers to mental healthcare for perinatal patients with BD included the paucity of psychiatric resources, difficulties in assessing BD, and stigma towards pharmacotherapy. Obstetric clinicians reported that MCPAP for Moms has helped them feel more comfortable in treating patients with BD. Longitudinal analyses of encounter data corroborated these findings - utilization of the program predicted increased clinician capacity to treat BD.
Conclusion:
Clinicians for perinatal individuals are being called upon and stepping up to care for complex illnesses like BD. Programs like MCPAP for Moms can help them feel more confident in this role, helping to bridge gaps in perinatal mental healthcare and ensuring that individuals with BD are able to receive appropriate care.
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McCloskey, Rebecca Jane. "Adverse Childhood Experiences, Postpartum Health, and Breastfeeding: A Mixed Methods Study." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1586539670575903.
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Gustafsson, Camilla, and Charlie Nettelman. "Påverkas vår psykiska hälsa av smartphone-användandet? : En kvantitativ studie om hur utbrett smartphoneberoende är och hur det påverkar den psykiska hälsan." Thesis, Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:gih:diva-5343.
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Sammanfattning Syfte och frågeställningar Syftet med studien var att få en inblick i hur omfattande smartphoneanvändning var bland människor och hur denna användning samvarierade med den mentala hälsan. En annan del av syftet var att se om ett beteendemönster kunde ändras hos smartphoneanvändarna och på så vis ändra den mentala hälsan. För att uppnå syftet ställdes två frågeställningar: (1) Finns det något samband mellan grad av smartphoneberoende och upplevd psykisk hälsa? (2) Kan en kortare tids intervention där man begränsar användandet av smartphone hos deltagarna påverka deras subjektiva psykiska välmående? Metod För att få en inblick i hur utbrett smartphoneberoendet är i dagsläget och om det påverkar den subjektiva psykiska hälsan valdes enkät som metod eftersom det var tidseffektivt och gav ett brett urval. För att kunna skapa en beteendeförändring så behövdes en aktiv interaktion med respondenterna, därför kom beslutet att utföra en intervention. Interventionen gick ut på att deltagarna under sex dagar skulle reducera sitt mobilanvändande i största mån möjligt för att se om deras mentala hälsa kunde påverkas. Urvalet bestod av 76 kvinnor och 56 män med en medelålder på 25 år. Resultat Enligt korrelationsanalysen fanns ett svagt samband r = - 0,218 mellan mental hälsa och smartphoneberoende som var statistiskt signifikant (p = 0.013). Analys av enkätdata visade en stor grupp som klassades som smartphoneberoende = 48.2% och 51.8% som ej smartphoneberoende. Detta visade att fler personer är mobilberoende i detta urval än vad andra studier hittat. Interventionen bortgick på grund av ett stort bortfall. Slutsats Resultatet visade på ett svagt negativt samband mellan mental hälsa och smartphoneberoende. Kausalitetssamband klargjordes inte och vidare forskning krävs på ämnet för att i framtiden kunna urskilja om en mental ohälsa leder till mer smartphoneanvändande eller om mycket smartphoneanvändning leder till mental ohälsa i sig.Abstract Purpose and objective The purpose of this study was to survey the use of mobile phones amongst people and how it coincides with mental health. We also wanted to investigate whether or not we could create a behavioral change amongst the mobile phone users and thereby see if it affected their mental health. To achieve this objective we emanated from two questions: (1) Is there a relationship between Smartphone addiction and subjective mental health? (2) Can a short intervention, where you decrease the time spent on smartphones amongst users improve their subjective well-being? Method To get an insight in how widespread the use of mobile phones is and if it affects subjective well-being we chose to collect data through surveys because it was time effective and gave a wide group of people. To be able to create a behavioral change we concluded we had to actively interact with the respondents, so we chose to perform an intervention. During the intervention the participants would reduce their mobile phone usage to the greatest extent possible to see if their mental health could be improved. Result According to the correlation analysis, there is a weak relationship r = - 0,218 between mental health and smartphone addiction which is statistically significant (p=0.013). Analysis of survey data showed a large group classified as smartphone addicted = 48.2% and 51.8% as non-smartphone addicted. This shows that more people are smartphone addicted in this study than other studies have found. The intervention failed due to many dropouts. Conclusions The result showed a weak negative correlation between mental health and smartphone addiction. Causal correlation was not clarified and further research is required on the subject in order to determine whether mental health issues leads to more smartphone usage or if a lot of smartphone usage leads to mental health issues by itself.
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Hawkins, Misty Anne. "Affective traits and adiposity : a prospective, bidirectional analysis of the African American Health study data." Thesis, Proquest, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/4840.
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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)Research indicates that negative affective traits (e.g., depression) are predictors and consequences of excess adiposity. Given that racial minorities and positive affective traits have been underrepresented in past investigations, more prospective studies are needed which examine multiple affective traits in relation to obesity in these populations. The objective of the current study was to investigate the prospective, bidirectional associations between multiple affective traits and multiple adiposity indicators in African Americans using data from the African American Health (AAH) study. The AAH study is a prospective cohort study of African Americans aged 49-65 years at baseline (N = 998). The longest follow-up period in the current study was 9 years (N = 579). Self-reported and measured body mass index (BMI; kg/m2) and body fat percent (BF%) were used as adiposity indicators. Depressive symptoms were assessed with the 11-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D), and anxiety was assessed using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-2 (GAD-2) scale. Positive affective traits were assessed with the Vitality subscale of the Short Form-36 and Positive Affect subscale from the CES-D. Latent variable path analysis, a structural equation modeling technique, was conducted. Although fit statistics indicated that the models fit the data (RMSEA < .06), examination of the structural paths revealed that the CES-D and GAD-2 were not predictors or consequences of self-reported BMI, measured BMI, or BF% (ps > .05). Likewise, Vitality and CES-D Positive Affect were not related to any adiposity indicator (ps > .05). The results of this prospective cohort study suggest that affective traits are not predictors or consequences of adiposity in middle-aged African Americans and that this group may require obesity prevention or intervention programs with little to no emphasis on affective traits. Possible explanations for the current results include ethnic differences in the mechanistic pathways between affective traits and adiposity.
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Kohane, Itay. "Empty Cribs: Infertility Challenges for Orthodox Jewish Couples." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch158343490152138.
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Shifiona, Ndapeua Nehale. "Life stories of adult depressed women in Peri-urban Namibia." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/6254.
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M.Cur.The problems women in our community are faced with are multi-dimensional and there is absolutely no community that can be declared problem-free. Many women face the pressure of having a number of responsibilities namely working, being a wife and mother, taking care of their families and perhaps caring for aging parents. Sometimes the pressure can be too overwhelming to manage. As a result, many women become depressed. The genuine life events that most often appear in connection with depression are various, but there is one distinguishing feature that appears in many cases, over and over: loss of self-esteem, of empowerment, of self confidence accompanied by feelings of worthlessness. In general, any life change, often caused by events beyond one's control, will damage the structure that gave life meaning. The likelihood of becoming depressed is increased by the lack of supportive, confiding relationship with a partner, spouse, friend, stressful life events and poor communication patterns within relationships. Studies on depression among Black-African women could not be traced. Despite the fact that considerable research on the women and depression has been done in other parts of the world, no studies have been done on similar subjects in Namibia. It was therefore considered necessary to find out how women suffering from depression from this part of the world tell their life stories. The purposes of the study were two-fold. Firstly, to explore and describe the life stories of adult depressed women in perk urban Namibia. Secondly, to use the information obtained to describe guidelines for the compilation of a health education support program for psychiatric nurses working with these patients at psychiatric outpatient clinic as well as in the community. The research questions that were generated are: how do adult depressed women tell their life stories, and then how can the information be utilised to describe guidelines to support psychiatric nurses to assist depressed women in their quest for mental health? The researcher used an exploratory, descriptive, contextual and phenomenological qualitative design to answer these research questions. Phenomenological interviews were conducted with ten (10) respondents who have been purposively selected. This was done after obtaining the necessary permission from the Ministry of Health and Social Services and informed consent from the research participants. The interviews were conducted by the researcher in Oshiwambo and English. Steps were taken throughout the course of the study to ensure trustworthiness. All the interviews were transcribed verbatim. Data was analysed following Tesch's method and the service of an independent coder was obtained. The results indicate that impaired interpersonal interactions and stressful life events have a negative influence on the daily life of women leading to the development of depressive symptoms. Guidelines intended to support psychiatric nurses were drawn up based on the themes that emerged from the raw data. These guidelines are strategies to be used by psychiatric nurses working with depressed women to assist them in managing their own depression. Possibilities for the application of the results in nursing education, nursing practice, nursing research are discussed. It is concluded that women suffering from depression need support from the psychiatric nurses in order to facilitate the promotion, maintenance and restoration of their mental health, which is an integral part of health.
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Serote, Yvonne Mapule. "HIV/AIDS patients' management of depression." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/6228.
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M.A.Hubley (1990) notes that Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a relatively recently recognized disease. It is caused by infection with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), which attacks selected cells in the immune system and produces defects in functioning. These defects may not be apparent for years. They lead, however, to a severe suppression of the immune system's ability to resist harmful organisms. This leaves the body open to an invasion by various infections, which are therefore called opportunistic diseases, and to the development of unusual cancers. The virus also tends to reach certain brain cells. This leads to so-called neuropsychiatric abnormalities or psychological disturbances caused by physical damage to nerve cells. Many of those infected with HIV may not even be aware that they carry and can spread the virus. Combating it is a major challenge to biomedical scientists and health-care providers. HIV infection and AIDS occur among the most pressing public policy and public health problems world-wide. Since the first HIV/AIDS cases have been reported in 1981, through mid-1993, more than 600 cases were reported in South Africa. This is only the tip of the iceberg of HIV/AIDS infection as it was estimated that between 2 and 2.5 million South Africans had been infected with the virus through the early 1990s but not yet developed the clinical symptoms. In terms of the historical data from previous surveys (ie. the results of the 1996 survey) in South Africa confirmed the trend of a growing HIV/AIDS epidemic. HIV infection has increased in all provinces, but Kwa-Zulu Natal and Mpumalanga had the highest HIV prevalence rates of 18,23% compared to 1994's '14,35% and 16-18%, compared to 12-16% respectively (see table 1).. Of particular concern are the pregnant women in South Africa under twenty years where a prevalence of 12,78% has been found. Thirty per cent of babies born to HIV positive women in South Africa are infected. Of the 3638 births in VVitbank — a rather small town in Mpumalanga-.Province — in 1996, 219 of the women were tested HIV positive (Masiphile Vol. 1: 1997).
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Bone, Tracey Anne. "Coping with mental illness: using case study research to explore Deaf depression narratives." 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/23217.
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Optimal health is best achieved through direct access to effective holistic and relevant health prevention strategies, timely and accurate diagnosis, appropriate treatment, and follow-up (K. Woodcock & Pole, 2007). Effective two-way communication is an essential component in all of these stages. It increases the opportunity for a thorough assessment, and thereby contributes to an intervention plan that is appropriate, timely, and suitable to that particular consumer. This study explored how a group of Deaf adults, for whom ASL is their primary language, and all of whom have been diagnosed with depression, managed their symptoms of depression in a health care system that privileges hearing and speaking as the primary mode of communication. A case study methodology with individual, in-depth interviews, and the completion of a hand-drawn person and environment map were used. The participants shared the nature and depth of the barriers that exist and that intersect to prevent their equal access to quality mental health assessment, intervention, and follow-up otherwise available to their hearing counterparts. Faced with these intersecting barriers, negative attitudes from some in the dominant society, and the fear of discrimination from their own collectivist community, participants saw few formal options for managing their symptoms of depression. In most cases participants turned to a strategies of an intrapersonal nature. Some engaged in positive activities such as reading self-help books, volunteering within the Deaf community, walking, and, for two, accessing traditional counseling services. More frequently, however, participants were forced to engage in maladaptive activities such as isolating themselves in an attempt to avoid detection of their symptoms. Some distracted from their feelings of isolation and discrimination through exercise, though others used alcohol or over-eating as their strategy. A number of changes or enhancements were recommended by the participants, including creation of a comprehensive Deaf Awareness Training plan for professionals and the associated staff, an increase in the number and availability of ASL/English interpreters, and the creation of Deaf sensitive health promotional and prevention materials in modes easily accessible to Deaf visual language users. The study concludes by exploring implications for policy, practice, and future research.
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Kagan, Fern. "Client experiences of self-change in brief experiential therapy for depression : a qualitative analysis /." 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:MR29570.
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Thesis (M.A.)--York University, 2006. Graduate Programme in Psychology.Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 199-211). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:MR29570
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Lambert, Mary Elizabeth. "Depression in caregivers of persons with Alzheimer's disease a research report submitted in partial fulfillment ... Master of Science Gerontological Nursing ... /." 1992. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/68796234.html.
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Fernandes, Frederico Simões do Couto de Oliveira 1973. "Is depression a risk factor for dementia? : a translational research." Doctoral thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/26277.
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Tese de doutoramento, Medicina (Psiquiatria e Saúde Mental), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina, 2016Introduction Depression and dementia are very common and disabling conditions. Most dementia conditions are irreversible, whereby the identification and correction of the risk factors seems to be of paramount importance. Among the several risk factors identified so far, depression emerges as an important target. Several casecontrol and cohort studies yielded heterogeneous results, but the meta-analyzes performed found approximately a two fold increase in the risk for dementia in depressed patients. However, the quality of the studies varies widely, and the accuracy of the diagnosis of depression is frequently not the ideal. Furthermore, the nature of the risk is not clear and the following issues have been repeatedly raised: (a) depressive symptoms are quite common in dementia and could be a symptom of this disorder, and not a true, and early, risk factor, (b) depression and dementia are heterogenous disorders, with distinct biologies, and eventually the risk is different, depending on the specific disorder involved, and (c) what is the role of antidepressants? That is, does the risk diminish if the depression is cured? Antidepressants have neuroprotective properties at the molecular level, but the evidence is much less consistent in vivo. To answer these questions, two studies were performed: a clinical longitudinal controlled study and a preclinical behavioral study. Methods A cohort of 322 depressed patients (exposed cohort), recruited for a taxonomic study of depression between 1977-84, was built. Subjects without depression, admitted for surgery at the same time as the exposed subjects, were the group not exposed to depression. Subjects were contacted again between 2009 and 2013, to assess their dementia status. The risk for dementia in the depressed cohort was compared to the risk in the surgical cohort using binary regression, and the odds ratio were computed (OR). The same analysis was performed in subjects younger than 45 years old (considered to have early onset depression). To quantify the association between different depression subtypes (namely melancholic, anxious, and psychotic) and dementia, crude and adjusted hazard ratios (HR) were obtained with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) using Cox proportional hazards regression. The preclinical behavioral study assessed the cognitive effect, using the Morris Water Maze test (MWM), of escitalopram in rats submitted to a maternal separation protocol (MS; MS is a protocol that induces depressive-like behaviors). A two-way ANOVA was carried out for analyzing probe trial time (using MS and and escitalopram as treatment factors), computing main effects and interactions. Two-way ANOVA repeated measures was used for the learning curve of MWM. Results In 133 (41.3%) depressed subjects, followed-up for a mean (standard deviation) of 25.7 (7.2) years, the diagnosis of dementia could be established or excluded. Among these, 44 (33.1%) developed dementia versus 20 (15.0%) among the subjects with no depression at baseline, and this result is significant [OR 2.50 (1.14-5.49; 95% CI); p=0.022]. Subjects with early onset depression had an increased risk for dementia when compared to the surgical cohort patients [OR 6.85 (95% C.I. 1.38-34.00); p=0,019]. Patients suffering from depression with melancholic features had an increased risk of developing dementia compared to those depressed without melancholic features [HR 3.64 (1.78-11.26; 95% CI); p=0.025]. In the preclinical study, all groups of animals showed a significant learning effect in the MWM over time, but no differences have been found upon treatment. However, escitalopram treatment significantly increased the time spent on the platform quadrant in the probe trial in the MS group [F(1.23)=10.764; p=0.004], thus seeming to have improved the memory. Discussion The main results of current study are that depression is a risk factor for dementia, with a risk magnitude in line with the longest longitudinal studies with an accurate diagnosis of depression. Two limitations were considered: the lack of formal cognitive assessment at the baseline, and the number of subjects lost to follow. However, the depressed cohort had a low age at baseline, what altogether with the long follow up, makes unlikely the depressed patients were demented at baseline. The erosion in this study is high, but in line with previous studies with a similar design and follow up time, and the differences between those with and those without a known outcome were minimal and were taken into account. When exploring the nature of this risk, (a) these results support the hypothesis that depression is an early risk for dementia, again in line with the studies with a stronger design, (b) depression with melancholic features was found as the only depression feature or subtype that was associated with an increased risk for dementia. Melancholia can have a permanent deleterious effect on cognition, but this was the first study showing a higher risk for dementia. Melancholia is associated with hypercortisolism, and it is known that high cortisol damages the hippocampus, providing a biological rational for these findings. However, no biological assessment of HPA activity were made, and this is a limitation of this study. The inclusion of biological markers would support a biological explanation, but would not interfere with the conclusions of the study, and (3) chronic treatment with escitalopram improved hippocampal dependent memory, in a model that induces depressive-like behaviors (MS). Our results are line with the neuroprotective action of antidepressants, but take a step further by showing that escitalopram also improves cognition in vivo. Transposition of results from animal studies to humans has limitations, but animal studies allow the use of models that are not easily amenable or ethically allowed to humans, and permitting a reliable evaluation of a number of internal and external factors, such as pharmacological interventions. Conclusions The results presented seem to support a role of depression as a risk factor for dementia, and add novel information regarding the nature of this risk. According to these results, depression is not merely a prodrome of dementia, but an early risk factor, and melancholia is the only subtype associated with an increased risk. Also, they point to a neuroprotective action of escitalopram in depression.
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Hinkle, Carol. "An analysis of coping strategies and depression in sexual assault victims a research report submitted in partial fulfillment ... Master of Science (Community Health Nursing) /." 1990. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/68795207.html.
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Roberts, Julie-Anne Samantha. "An action research study of members' experiences of a regional depression and anxiety support group." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/1620.
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M.A.This action research study explored the development and workings of a monthly, openended depression and anxiety support group based in Johannesburg, Gauteng. Although the growth of mutual-aid groups has escalated over the past three decades, there is little research on support groups created solely for the purpose of servicing depression and anxiety sufferers. Researchers have indicated that support and information at these meetings may prove to be a valuable and effective intervention which helps sufferers come to terms with their condition (Miller, 1987; Stein, Zungu-Dirwayi, Wessels, Berk & Wilson, 1998). The study at hand aimed to elucidate the ways in which the depression and anxiety support group was experienced as helpful, as well as those areas which could be improved to increase the effectiveness of the group system. The support group was examined over an eleven-month period, November 1999 – October 2000, during which time the progress and experiences of three new group members was specifically observed and chronicled. Seven participants, including three members of a support group catering for black depression and anxiety sufferers, were initially sourced and screened for inclusion in the study. Although not intentional, the three subjects that finally fulfilled the criteria for inclusion in the study were all white females attending the Johannesburg support group. Relevant data on the three participants was collected systematically over this period through a process of triangulation. Methods included structured and semi-structured interviews, written reports, questionnaires and participant observation. The grounded theory approach allowed the researcher to work inductively with the data and to discern and explore the connections between elements and patterns that emerged in the analysis. An integration of the research data revealed that the group was primarily helpful to participants through the factors of universality, cohesion, didactic instruction and downward social comparison. Furthermore, the results indicated that participants presenting with prominent avoidant personality disorder (APD), as measured by the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-II, are likely to strongly value the relief from social isolation that the support group setting affords them, as well as gaining comfort from belonging to and being accepted by a group and improving their interpersonal skills. On the negative front, the group would or could not move beyond a formative, early stage of group development. As a result, its members were either caught in a repetitive cycle of exploring the same territory or lost interest after a relatively short period of time and terminated membership. Based on the findings of this study, it is suggested that members be afforded the opportunity of attending a more advanced therapy group once they feel they have gained the necessary relief from the primary support group. The support group plays a valuable role of reassuring members that they are not alone in their suffering, offering them the learning experience of being accepted by a group and introducing them to group format and protocol. However, once a foundation has been established, it is likely that members would benefit from joining a more advanced group in which interpersonal learning and role modelling is emphasized. Members need an arena where they can explore their behaviour and feelings in depth, and with other members who are functioning at a similar level. It is hoped that the findings of this study will increase understanding of support group functioning, provide suggestions for future research involving APD clients and depression and/or anxiety sufferers in support gr oup settings and make some contribution towards theory-building in this field.
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Brooks, Geneal Ann. "Influence of the menstrual cycle on dysphoric mood in naive ovulatory women a research report submitted in partial fulfillment ... Master of Science Women's Health Nursing ... /." 1991. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/68796073.html.
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Smit, Mara M. "Persoonlikheidsversteurings, kliniese sindrome en verdedigingsmeganismes: 'n vergelyking van major en distimiese depressiewe pasiente." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/810.
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Research output indicates that a very high percentage op people with depressive disorders do not improve after a period of two years. One can thus assume that poor identification of the symptomatology and the factors involved in the etiology and maintenance thereof could lead to a generalised diagnosis and a less successful intervention. Although the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV (DSM-IV) has explicit criteria for both Dysthymia and Unipolar Major Depression it is sometimes difficult for clinical therapists to distinguish between them because of/due to the symptom similarities. Against this background the question is often asked whether Dysthymia is entitled to an unique diagnostic status. A few international investigations, as well as the preceding study (Smit 1994) have indicated that they are in fact different disorders. Each of these research findings however only focuses on specific areas of these disorders. The main purpose of the present study is however to identify the differences and similarities between the two depressive groups. An in-depth study was done to get an indication of the different comorbid personality and syndrome disorders as well as the unconscious defence mechanisms these patients tend to use. Two hundred and fifty five patients from the TARA, the H. Moross Centre, Weskoppies Hospital and Vista Private Clinic was evaluated. The DSM-IV was used to distinguish between the subjects of the different groups. Thereafter Hamilton's Depression Rating Scale was applied to get an indication whether the chosen patients weren't too little or too seriously depressed, as this could have influenced the results. The patients were then tested with Millon's Clinical Multi-Axial Inventory II to determine their comorbid personality and syndrome disorders. Finally they were assessed with Ihilevich and Gleser's Defence Mechanism Inventory to establish the defence style they usually unconsciously use. The results indicate that both groups tend to have comorbid anxiety and somatoform disorders. The findings also suggested that the Schizoid, Dependent and Borderline personality disorders would be the best indicators/predictors for the diagnosis of Unipolar Major Depression. According to the results the Dysthymic group had significantly higher measures on the Self-Defeating, Schizoid, Schizotypal, Avoidant, Borderline, Paranoid, Somatoform, Dysthymic, Thought Disorder, Major Depressive, Delusional and Aggressive style sub-scales. The best predictors/indicators for the Dysthymic Depressive Disorder are the Anxiety, Drug dependence, Thought Disorder, Major Depression and Somatoform syndrome disorders, the Anti-Social, Self-Defeating, and Schizotypal personality disorders, as well as the Aggressive, Projective, Intellectual, Intrapunitive and Reversal defence mechanisms. The results also indicate that the Dysthymic males had significantly higher measures than the females on 19 of the 27 subscales. The females subjects of the Unipolar Major Depressive group had significantly higher scores than the males on the Dependent and Somatoform sub-scales, while the males of the Major Depressive group had significantly higher scores than the females of this group on the Anti-Social, Aggressive-Sadistic, Alcohol dependence and Drug dependence sub-scales. One can come to the conclusion that the Dysthymic group (especially the males) are much more affected than the Unipolar Major Depressive group. These findings thus support the view that Dysthymia is entitled to a own unique diagnostic status, at least for a South African population.Dr. A. Burke
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Ito, Daisuke. "The Mental Health Consequences of Losing a Parent: Does Culture Moderate the Impact of Parental Death?" 2013. http://scholarworks.gsu.edu/sociology_diss/73.
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The death of a parent represents a potential traumatic life event that has been linked to depression in both Japan and the United States. Yet experiences surrounding death and ways of grieving are framed differently across cultures. At the individual level, the majority of the bereaved people in both Japan and the United States attempt to maintain bonds with the deceased family members. Being complementary to the individual-level desire, Japanese death-related beliefs and practices seem to provide a tool to maintain bonds. In contrast, American death-related beliefs and practices may be at odds with the individual desires by encouraging the bereaved individuals to detach themselves from the deceased parents. Japanese culture may work as a macro level support to bereaved individuals, while American culture is not supportive of the individual desires.
Using two national data sets from Japan and the United States, this study tested whether: (1) bereaved individuals report worse mental health than non-bereaved individuals, (2) the mental health consequences of losing a parent is greater in the United States than in Japan, and (3) in this vein, persons in Japan report greater emotional support than those in the United States, and emotional support explains cultural differences in the link between being bereaved and depression.
Supporting Hypothesis 1, bereaved respondents were more depressed than non-bereaved respondents. The statistical test rejected Hypothesis 2, and Hypothesis 3 was not testable. This research considers the role of culture as a macro-level support and cross-national research methods.
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Robertson, Alan Charles. "Spirituality and depression: a qualitative approach." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/1408.
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Spirituality is a neglected dimension in psychology, but has recently been growing in importance. Depression is a widespread phenomenon, worldwide, although presenting differently in different cultures, including South Africa. The aim of this study was to give an opportunity to those who have experienced spirituality and depression to voice their experiences in their respective contexts.
The ontological framework was postmodernism and the guiding epistemology was social constructionism. Qualitative research was the method of research selected, because it suited the aims of the research. The specific method of analysis was a "categorical content analysis". In depth interviews with eight participants from various faith backgrounds were conducted. The participants' stories were interpreted by the researcher in the form of themes. Recurring and pertinent themes were compared and discussed with other voices in the field, such as the literature and societal and cultural discourses.
The study facilitated rich, detailed and complex descriptions of people's experience of spirituality and depression. The researcher hopes the voice of this research will lead to new understandings of these phenomena in a South African context.Psychology
D. Litt. et Phil. (Psychology)
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Coutinho, Michelle. "Art therapy with stroke patients in a group context." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/5702.
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M.A."Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability in all races in South Africa" (Fritz & Penn, 1992, p 1). It has devastating effects, and may impact on every aspect of the person's functioning. Research shows that depression is common after stroke, becoming more of a problem with time, and having a greater effect on quality of life than the actual disability (Lezak, 1995). Despite such evidence psychologists have played a very limited role in the rehabilitation of this group. Those with communication problems especially have been excluded from research and therapy, which usually require competence with language to be successful. This study attempts to find an alternative method of research and therapy in order to include this group. Following the model of learned helplessness (Seligman, in, Bleiberg, 1986), it was proposed that the unavoidable, inescapable effects of stroke lead to feelings of helplessness, which are also impossible to escape, and the person soon looses the motivation to attempt to control the situation. This then leads to depression. A method of therapy which breaks this cycle, and allows for the person to experience how their actions do have an effect on their lives is needed. In addition to this, an alternative means of self expression for those with communication difficulties needs to be provided. Art therapy was found to address the problems presented by this group (Dailey, 1984). It has proved useful with other populations that have not been able to benefit from traditional psychotherapy. It becomes an alternative means of self expression for those whose communication ability is compromised. It is accessible to most people, as it only requires the ability to make marks on paper. A theme centred, art therapy approach was therefore chosen for the study. The aims of the study were; to create a therapeutic milieu which allowed for self expression, specifically the expression of emotions, which included all the participants; to investigate the effects of introducing an opportunity for self expression on self concept and group process; and to look at the themes which emerge from the art. The participants were members of a pre-existing support group for stroke survivors. A quasiexperimental design was used. The Draw a Person Test, was administered pre and post intervention. Additional information was gathered using the Beck's Depression Inventory and a demographic questionnaire. This study uses a qualitative method, which includes information regarding the researcher's experience, and is interpreted from the researcher's perspective. It was found that art therapy had a positive effect on self concept. It influenced group process, as participants who were previously marginalised became more central. Numerous themes emerged, some which were specific to individuals, but others that were of relevance to the group as a whole. It proved rewarding for the researcher, both as a therapist and in terms of her relationship with her father who is a stroke survivor with aphasia. Art therapy therefore seems to be a useful tool to be used with this group that has traditionally been excluded from therapy and research. It is suggested that further research would be useful, and suggestions regarding future research are discussed.
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Rapmund, Valerie Joan. "Social support and depression in women : a constructivist approach." Diss., 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/17590.
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Text in EnglishThe purpose of this study is to tell the story around the roles of relationships in the world of depressed women. The epistemological framework of this study is constructivism. This study involved a series of in-depth interviews with three depressed women who had young children. Hermeneutics was the method used to analyse the data. The stories of the participants were recounted through the researcher's lens in the form of themes that emerged. The specific ways each participant tried to cope, and the emerging processes from the researcher's perspective as to what she believed was helpful or unhelpful to the participants, in addition to what the participants themselves regarded as helpful, was discussed. Recurring themes evident in the stories of all three participants were elucidated in the story of the stories. The information gained could serve as guidelines to those working with depressed people from a Western and an African context.
Psychology
M.A. (Psychology)
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Jordaan, Elsabe. "The effect of depression and learned helplessness in early and asymptomatic HIV infected subjects." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/9532.
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M.A. (Psychology)The present study was undertaken in an attempt to understand and ascertain the nature and influence of psychological variables on the longevity of people who are infected withHN. The specific postulate of this study was that depression is the most important psychological variable that influences the longevity of people with my, either directly or indirectly. A number of variables were hypothesized to playa concomitant role with depression as factors that mediate longevity in people with my. These factors include learned helplessness, self-efficacy, sickness impact, sexual risk behaviors and substance use. The testing of these hypotheses involved an experimental group consisting ofHN positive, gay men who suffered from depression and a control group that consisted ofmv positive gay men who did not suffer from depression. None of the subjects had previously been diagnosed with depression. The subjects were subjected to testing of the mentioned psychological variables by means of the Hamilton-Depression Scale, the Attributional Style Questionnaire, the Coping Self-Efficacy Scale, the Biweekly Record of Sexual Behavior, the Substance Use Behavior Questionnaire and the Sickness Impact Profile. It was found that the experimental group differed significantly from the control group in terms of self-efficacy, sexual risk behavior, substance use and sickness impact. It has been speculated that the lack of significant difference between the experimental and control groups on learned helplessness could imply that equal amounts of learned helplessness was present in both groups.
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Naudé, C. S. "'n Handleidinggebaseerde behandelingsprogram vir distimiese versteuring." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/7036.
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D.Litt. et Phil.Although rapid progress was made in the past decade in the development of short term treatment approaches, relatively little attention was given to the treatment of Dysthymic Depression as a separate disorder. It is therefore important that medical doctors and other health professionals recognize this disorder as a separate disorder from Major Depression and adjust their treatment of this disorder accordingly (Keller, 1994). Although Dysthymia is seen as 'n low grade disorder and not as severe as Major Depression, this disorder also has a hampering effect on the quality of the individual's life. It affects relationships with meaningful others, mental and physical well - being as well as productivity (Keller, 1994; Klerman & Weissman, 1992). With the hampering effect on the individual's life, Dysthymic Depression is also costly and is a substantial burden for the family and the community. According to Rupp (1995) appropriate treatment of individuals with affective disorders will be costeffective. , The prevalence of depression in primary care make this disorder an ideal target for treatment-(Robinson, 1995). In this regard, Robinson (1995) mentions that treatment for these disorders is less intensse and'more short term that specialized treatments. In the past few years there have been a.shift from long term treatment strategies to short term structured handbook orientated treatment programs for disorders like depression. Pantalon, Lubetkin & Fishman (1995) emphasize the need for objective and •knowledgeable guides for the treatment of mental disorders. According to these researchers selfhelp books and guides are effective together with cognitive behavioral therapy. The aim of this study was therefore the development of a short term cost effective handbook orientated treatment program for Dysthymic Depression as well as the effectiveness of the treatment program. Antoher aspect of this treatment program that makes it unique, is the exercise component that is incorporated into the program with the cognitive behavioral approach. A group of 23 Dysthymic patients have been evaluated to establish the degree of depression, personality pathology that is present and the course of the therapeutic intervention. This group , received treatment over a period of 8 weeks. A second group of 22 patients served as a control group. The control group received medication and other therapy. The results of this study indicate that not only 'did the intensity of the depression lift, but certain indexes of psychopathology were also reduced. The indexes of psychopathology that indicated an reduction, were the Avoidant, Self-defeating, Schizotypal, Borderline, Anxiety, Somatoform, Dysthymic as well as Major Depression disorders. The effectiveness of the therapy sessions were also monitored over the , period of 8 weeks and indicated a reduction in certain negative factors, namely: Aggression, Anxiety, Fatigue, Sadness and Skepticism. While these factors indicated a reduction in prevalence the following factors indicated an increase in preValence over the 8 therapy sessions: . Surgency, Elation, Concentration, Social Affect, Egotism and Vigor. Although the test sample were relatively small, it is accepted that it was representative of the universum of the Gauteng region where this sample was taken from. From the results obtained from this study it seems that - this handbook orientated treatment program was not only effective for Dysthymic Depression, but also for certain indexes of psychopathology over the 8-week therapy sessions. From the analysis of the components of the therapy sessions, is clear that the model of the Dysthymic individuals showed an improvement with the handbook orientated treatment program.
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Adamo, Valverde Alexa. "“In Black and White, I’m A Piece of Trash:” Abuse, Depression, and Women's Pathways to Prison." 2016. http://scholarworks.gsu.edu/wsi_theses/61.
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Women’s lived experiences of abuse and depression are examined within the context of gendered and racialized pathways to incarceration among 403 women randomly selected from a diagnostic unit in a state prison. This study utilizes feminist action research and community psychological methods to understand what factors predict incarcerated women’s placement on the mental health caseload and provides quantitative support for the pathways theoretical framework. Findings indicate that, among the sample, the prevalence of abuse experiences prior to incarceration exceeded 90%, prevalence of mental health problems exceeded 70%, and less than 35% were receiving mental health care. Being Caucasian, experiencing depression and suicidal ideation, and serving time for certain types of (non-violent, non-property, and non-drug related) crime (e.g., cruelty to children, prostitution, public order, “technicals,” and others) predicted the placement of women on the mental health caseload. Implications for trauma-informed, anti-racist, gender-responsive policies and interventions are discussed.
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"A holistic group psychotherapeutic intervention for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome and its comorobid depression and anxiety." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/1423.
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M.A.Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) can be described as a bodily idiom - a nonverbal language which may have its roots in unspeakable dilemmas (Griffiths & Griffiths, 1994). The splitting of languages and silencing of the body may be the soil in which such symptoms grow. Unutterable conflicts lead to the symptoms being trapped within the body until the body itself begins to "speak" (Griffiths & Griffiths, 1994). In essence, this study seeks to evaluate the effects of attaching language, feelings and awareness to these symptoms and communicating this with other IBS subjects within the group context. Psychiatric illness is often found in IBS health care seekers (Drossman & Thompson, 1992). The specific aim of this study was to ascertain the effects of a holistic short-term group intervention in the treatment of IBS with comorbid depression and anxiety. The sample consisted of 24 South African women who had been positively diagnosed with severe IBS by either a gastroenterologist or a general practitioner. Furthermore, each subject had to have associated moderate to severe depression and anxiety. Four questionnaires were utilised, namely the Biographical Questionnaire, the Irritable Bowel Syndrome Client Questionnaire, the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) and the Functional Bowel Disorder Severity Index (FBDSI). The Biographical Questionnaire mainly requested personal details and sought a family history of psychological disorders. The Irritable Bowel Syndrome Client Questionnaire, based on the standardised Rome Criteria (Drossman, 1994; Drossman, Zhiming, Toner, Creed, Thompson, Read et al., 1995; Talley, Phillips, Melton, Mulvihill, Wiltgen & Zinsmeister, 1989), verified a positive IBS diagnosis, while the Functional Bowel Disorder Severity Index rated the severity of the subject’s IBS. Lastly, the depression score was rated on the depression scale of the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) and the anxiety score was rated on the anxiety scale of the PAI. The subjects were divided into two groups of twelve members each - Group 1 was the experimental group and Group 2 was the control group. The group design was a pre-test, post-test control group design where subjects in Group 1 (the experimental group) received group intervention and subjects in Group 2 (the control group) were placed on a waiting list and received no intervention. The subjects in the control group were offered individual therapy once the post-tests were completed. All the subjects completed the IBS Severity Index Questionnaire and the Depression and Anxiety subscales of the Personality Assessment Inventory before commencement of group therapy for Group 1 and again one month after completion of this intervention. The effect of the intervention was determined utilising comparative statistics with reference to the pre-test versus post-test scores. The t-test for the equality of means for between group variance was utilised for two analyses. Firstly, it was used to determine the variance regarding the pre-test scores between Group 1 (the experimental group – who received intervention) versus Group 2 (the control group – who received no intervention) (Hypothesis 1). Secondly, it was utilised to determine the between group variance in terms of the post-test scores for Group 1 (the experimental group) versus Group 2 (the control group) (Hypothesis 2). The paired samples t-test was also used for two analyses. Firstly, it was used to determine the within group variance regarding the pre-intervention test scores versus the post-intervention test scores for Group 1 (the experimental group)(Hypothesis 3). Secondly, the paired samples t-test was also utilised to determine if there were statistically significant differences in terms of the pre-test scores versus the post-test scores of Group 2 (the control group) who did not receive the intervention (Hypothesis 4). A short-term holistic group therapy model was applied based on the work of Broom (1997), Crafford (1985), Pretorius (1996) and Yalom (1970). The results of the study showed that there was a statistically significant improvement in the anxiety scores of Group 1 (the experimental group) after completion of the intervention when compared with Group 2 (the control group) who received no intervention. The within group depression and anxiety scores in the experimental group also revealed a statistically significant improvement after the intervention. However, the IBS symptom severity remained unchanged. Thus, it is concluded that holistic short-term group therapy is indicated in the treatment of severe IBS with comorbid depression and anxiety even if the IBS symptoms are unaltered. It is recommended that further research be conducted to ascertain whether holistic group therapy of a moderate duration (approximately eight to ten weeks) has a greater impact on the IBS symptom severity.
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Smit, Mara M. "'n Vergelykende ondersoek tussen major depressiwiteit en distimiese depressiwiteit." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/10781.
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M.A. (Counselling Psychology)According to the psychiatric and psychological literature, researchers adopt controversial standpoints regarding the classification of Dysthymia Disorder. Some researchers regard Dysthymia Disorder as an independent diagnostic entity, while others consider it a variant of Unipolar Major Depression. The aim of this research is to determine, by means of a comparative investigation, the clinical personality disorder differences or similarities which occur in patients with the two disorders. As a point of departure, this study examines those aspects of the DSM-III-R and the views of the future DSM-IV concerning Dysthymia Disorder and Unipolar Major Depression, as well as recent theoretical approaches to these disorders. Divergent findings in respect of different factors for the two syndrome disorders are described. The different sub-uypea of Dysthymia and the overlap among these sub-types as well as the overlap between the two disorder-groups are focused on. Attention is given to the relationship between depression and personality disorders. For the experimental investigation, 100 patients from TARA the H. Moross-centre, Weskoppies Hospital and Vista Private Clinic, and 20 patients from three private practices, are consulted and tested. Because of the difference in application of criteria by different researchers, only patients the criteria of the DSM-III-R for Unipolar Major and Dysthymia Disorder are used as test subjects.
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Neser, C. A. "Stress-related immunosuppression in the elderly : a life change perspective." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/6412.
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M.A.Clayton (1996) cites studies of stress experienced by the elderly, such as rape (Frank et al. 1984) o catastrophic financial loss (Ganzini et al. 1990) (such as in burglary or hijacking) that have indicate( that these stresses may result in the onset of major depressive disorder and generalised anxiety disorder response is depression. This study will attempt to compare elderly persons (Group 1) having been admitted to an old age facility less than two years prior, with a matched sample of same (Group 2) having been resident a the same facility for longer than that. This subdivision into Groups 1 and 2 will be the independen variable. The dependent variables will be various psychometric measures, being the Rotter Locus o Control Test, Beck Depression Test, Wallston Health Locus of Control Test and the Simmons Self. Image Scale. Respondents will also have an erythrocyte sedimentation test performed, which is simple non-specific blood test that is also an excellent measure of overall health and concomitarr stress levels. Manipulation of the results will support or refute the detailed hypotheses as set out it the Methodology chapter. The aim of this study is to build on studies such as those of Meyerson anc Haggerty (1962) (in Ader, 1981) and Heyman (1992) by introducing the differentiating factor 01 institutionalisation and locus of control as a factor to be considered in primary health care.
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Steur, Thomas Lieven. "Difference-makers in human affective distress: perspectives on causation and recovery gained from qualitative inquiry into lived experience." 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/32219.
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The biomedical conceptualisation of “depression” as a disease entity stems from biological science rooted in a 17th century paradigm, and is an inappropriately positivist idea which discounts individual agency, disregards social context underscored in the descriptive epidemiology, fails to accommodate inter-subjectivity and process, medicalizes suffering, and serves a managed care model of health administration. A qualitative study using in-depth interviews was undertaken to elicit perspectives from individuals who had lived experience of biomedical (pharmacological) treatment for affective distress and who self-reported having attained satisfactory recovery. Thematic analysis of interview data clustered around three main categories: (1) multifactorial conceptual understandings; (2) context pertinent to the experience of distress and recovery – including a variety of stressors – and (3) trajectories of recovery from acute distress to negotiation of ambivalence toward treatment, enlisting of supports, and reclaiming of agency. Relationships with service providers marked by trust, empathy, and hope were valued as primary difference-makers.May 2017
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Ross-Durow, Paula Lynn. "Depression and post-traumatic stress disorder in women subsequent to erotic contact with health care professionals a research report submitted in partial fulfillment ... psychiatric-mental health nursing /." 1989. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/68788470.html.
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Odendaal, Vasti. "Die identifisering van 'n hoë-risiko kliënt vir depressie met aanvang in die postpartumperiode." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/6851.
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M.Cur.The birth of a baby is a life-changing event in a person's life. During this time there are expectations of positive feelings. The new mother experience ambivalent feelings about the new phase in her life. These feelings can range from a feeling of excitement, postpartum-tears, anxiety about the baby's care, depression and psychosis with an onset in the postpartum period. The goal of this research was to identify indicators for postpartum depression, that are present during pregnancy, during the delivery and in the postpartum period, in order to identify and treat a high risk client for postpartum depression in time. In this way mental health will be promoted. In the first part of the research, an exploratory, descriptive design was used within the context of a private and provincial baby clinic on the Westrand. The research firstly consisted of a literature study about the indicators for postpartum depression. A questionnaire was compiled from this literature study and it was used to collect data in a private and provincial clinic. A descriptive and explanatory design was used in the second part of the research study, to determine a connection between the indicators of postpartum depression and a diagnosis of postpartum depression. The test sample comprised of all the women who visited a postpartum baby clinic (private as well as provincial) in the postpartum period, who's baby was six months or younger. The questionnaire was completed with their visit to the baby clinic and then returned to the respective fieldworkers.
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Ku, Yung-Li. "A test of competing models to predict suicidality in patients and students in Taiwan." 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/49984.
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The aim of this research was to test a series of theoretical models based on Beck (1967) cognitive diathesis-stress and Kwon and Oei (1994) linear mediational models as well as earlier research findings to determine the best-fitting model to explain the aetiological processes of suicide attempts in Taiwanese people. The participants were patients diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorders (MDD) recruited from three hospitals in Taiwan. They were used for data analyses in both cross-sectional (main) study and longitudinal (follow-up) study. In addition, a sample of students recruited from three universities in Taiwan was used for data analyses in the generalized study to examine the generalization of the results from clinical depressed patients to nonclinical university students. In the main study, by the application of structural equation modeling (SEM) techniques, four initial models were compared using the MDD patients (N = 162). The SEM analyses showed that two interactional models failed to provide an adequate fit to the given data, suggesting that the hypothesis of interaction between dysfunctional attitudes and negative life events in predicting the psychopathology of Taiwanese MDD patients was not supported. The SEM analyses supported two mediational models in terms of goodness-of-fit. Because the two mediational models were very similar, they were combined to form a combined mediational model. The SEM analyses indicated that the combined model provided an adequate fit to the given data. After modifying the model to improve its goodness-of-fit, the final modified combined mediational model was selected as the most appropriate in representing the data of Taiwanese MDD patients. The final model revealed that dysfunctional attitudes mediated the relationship between negative life events and depressive hopelessness, which in turn increased depression, which then precipitated suicidal ideation, which finally resulted in suicide attempts. In addition, it was found that negative life events exerted direct influences on depressive hopelessness and suicide attempts; sex and age exerted direct influences on negative life events. However, social support buffered the impact of negative life stress on dysfunctional attitudes and compliance with medications prevented the development of depression. In the follow-up study, the final modified combined mediational model was validated and reexamined with two-wave panel data gathered from the same population of Taiwanese MDD patients who participated in assessments twice, separated by a six-month interval (N = 142). The SEM analyses showed that the model provided an adequate fit to the two-wave panel data, suggesting that the model can be applied for predicting suicide attempts over six months in Taiwanese MDD patients. In the generalized study, the findings obtained from the MDD patients were replicated in a sample of Taiwanese university students (N = 324). Results revealed that the final modified combined mediational model failed to fit the given data. The result suggests that the most appropriate model for Taiwanese MDD patients can not be generalized to Taiwanese students. Some cautions and limitations should be noted. First, the models obtained from clinical and nonclinical people in Taiwan should not be directly generalized to people outside Taiwan. Further research using clinical and nonclinical samples from other countries to cross-validate the models was suggested. In addition, the researcher’s interventions during the follow-up period may disturb the relationship between predictor variables and subsequent suicide attempts. However, the problems appear to be unavoidable because of the research ethics of protecting participants from suicidal risk.http://proxy.library.adelaide.edu.au/login?url= http://library.adelaide.edu.au/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=1339675
Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Adelaide, School of Psychology, 2008
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Shea, Amanda Marie. "Attachment Avoidance and Depressive Symptoms: A Test of Moderation by Cognitive Abilities." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/4982.
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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)The substantial interpersonal and economic costs of depression make it imperative to better understand the predictors and moderators of depressive symptoms. The ability to use social support protects people from depressive symptoms, but individuals high in attachment avoidance tend not to use others as sources of support. Research has found that attachment avoidance is related to depressive symptoms in some samples but not in others (Mikulincer & Shaver, 2007; Shea, 2011). Thus, there appear to be factors that moderate the relationship between attachment avoidance and depressive symptoms. The present study examined if cognitive abilities that facilitate effective emotion regulation strategies moderate the relationship between attachment avoidance and depressive symptoms. Using a sample of college students, attachment avoidance, cognitive abilities, depressive symptoms, and other indices of psychological distress and well-being were measured and examined for evidence of moderation via hierarchical linear regression. The hypothesis that cognitive abilities moderate the relationship between attachment avoidance and depressive symptoms was not supported (ΔR2 = 0.02, p = .68). Factors contributing to the null findings are discussed and conceptual and methodological suggestions are offered for future research.
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Tunze, Chloe Ann. "An Empirical Test of the Dimensionality of Self-Control." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/3466.
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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)Minimal attention has been devoted to examining the dimensionality of self-control. The present study tested a multidimensional model of self-control in which dimensions were based on the nature of the behavior required (i.e., persistence, initiation, cessation, or prevention). A total of 336 undergraduates completed measures of self-control and psychological well-being. Seventy-four of these participants completed behavioral self-control tasks representing the proposed subtypes. Participants’ GPAs were obtained from the Registrar. Stop self-control was inversely related to previously-validated measures of persistence (β = -.61, p = .010) and prevention (β = -.56, p = .040) self-control and demonstrated differential predictive ability of persistence and prevention compared to the other proposed subtypes. Initiation self-control was inversely related to life satisfaction (β = -.35, p = .012) and demonstrated differential predictive ability of life satisfaction compared to stop self-control. These results were interpreted with caution due to inadequate power and questionable validity of several of the behavioral self-control tasks. Both handgrip persistence (r = -.25, p = .033) and blinking prevention (r = -.29, p = .023) were associated with depression. These pairwise correlations were not significantly different from each other, suggesting that no conceptual distinction should be made between persistence and prevention self-control. Confirmatory factor analyses of self-report data revealed that items clustered based on domain rather than on type of behavior required for self-control exertion. Thus, the structure of self-control remains unclear. Limitations of the present study and implications for future research are discussed.