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Fidelis, E. Uwumiro, O. Okpujie Victory, and O. Anokwuru Kingsley. "Postpartum depression and the scarcity of generalizable evidence: A mini-review of existing literature and the way forward." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 11, no. 2 (August 30, 2021): 081–84. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5203008.
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The first known reference to Postpartum Depression (PPD), was Hippocrates’ 4th century hypothesis that drainage of lochia, if suppressed, could flow to the brain resulting in agitation, delirium, and episodes of mania. This hypothesis became dogma and lasted over a millennium. Over the years, knowledge of PPD has evolved but researchers still struggle to establish it as a distinct disease entity. It was initially recognized as Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) with postpartum onset in the 1994 revision of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), the “bible” of diagnostic criteria for mental health professionals and researchers. It is currently recognized as MDD with peripartum onset (DSM-V) and researchers have admitted that persuasive evidence to indicate that postpartum depression is distinct from other existing depressive disorders, has not been found. Several diagnostic tools such as the Edinburg Postpartum Depression Scale (EDPS), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and the Postpartum Depression Screening Scale (PDSS) are available for use but none of these is universally accepted. With much of the published literature plagued with bias and structural inconsistencies, the credibility of the evidence has been greatly diminished. The difficulty with disease designation, the absence of a universally accepted tool for diagnosis and the scarcity of generalizable evidence on the subject has impaired the early recognition and effective management of PPD. It is therefore expedient, to critically appraise some of the available literature and proffer solutions to navigating this conundrum.
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Page, Stewart. "Depression in men, depression in women, and the depressing nature of theories of depression." Canadian Psychology/Psychologie canadienne 31, no. 3 (1990): 292–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0078922.
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Klein, Daniel N. "Chronic Depression." Current Directions in Psychological Science 19, no. 2 (April 2010): 96–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963721410366007.
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Traditionally, non-bipolar depression has been viewed as an episodic, remitting condition. However, with the recognition that depressions can persist for many years, the current diagnostic classification system includes various forms of chronic depression. The distinction between chronic and nonchronic depressions is useful for reducing the heterogeneity of the disorder. Individuals with chronic depression differ from those with nonchronic depression on a variety of clinically and etiologically significant variables, including comorbidity, impairment, suicidality, history of childhood maltreatment, familial psychopathology, and long-term course. In contrast, there is little support for current distinctions between different forms of chronic depression. This suggests that it may be simpler to collapse the existing forms of chronic depression in the current classification system into a single category. However, there is growing evidence that other characteristics, such as age of onset and a childhood history of early adversity, may provide meaningful approaches to subtyping chronic depression.
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Maria, Paula de Oliveira Patrial, Vittoria Miliorini Amábile, and Cristina Catelan-Mainardes Sandra. "CONEXÕES ENDÓCRINAS: EXPLORANDO A RELAÇÃO ENTRE HIPOTIREOIDISMO E DEPRESSÃO." Revistaft 28, no. 132 (March 23, 2024): 35. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10858935.
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O presente artigo tem como objetivo análise da relação do hipotireoidismo com o transtorno depressivo maior (TDM). Como metodologia foi realizada uma pesquisa descritiva do tipo revisão de literatura integrativa, na qual se foi coletada dados publicados entre 2018 e 2023, das bases PubMed e BVS, com os descritores “hipotireoidismo” “depressão” “ transtorno depressivo maior” “sexo feminino”, buscando compreender a influência do hipotiroidismo no transtorno depressivo maior. Como critério de elegibilidade, foram utilizados apenas trabalhos científicos completos, em língua inglesa, portuguesa e espanhola. O escore PRISMA serviu de ferramenta de verificação e pontuação de credibilidade das fontes utilizadas. As duplicatas e os artigos que não responderão a pergunta norteadora serão excluídos. Espera-se que ao final do estudo seja possível informar sobre as conexões endócrinas entre o hipotiroidismo e a depressão em mulheres de 20 a 25 anos, e sugerir alertas para o rastreio hormonal em pacientes com sintomas depressivos levando a um possível diagnóstico precoce melhorando assim, a qualidade de vida destas mulheres.
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Bo, Yu, Zhang Tao, Zheng Kexun, Zuo Shuangying, Han Xiao, Wang Senlin, and Chen Shiwan. "Enclosed Karst Depression Identification and Analysis for the Pumped Storage Power Station Reservoir Construction Using DEM." Geofluids 2023 (July 22, 2023): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/4794665.
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An enclosed karst depression, a typical natural negative terrain, has the advantage of less engineering excavation when constructing a reservoir. In this study, the enclosed karst depression and its range identification technique have been developed. What is more, the geometric parameters and spatial distribution of enclosed karst depressions in Anlong County, Guizhou Province of China, have also been analyzed. Results show that (1) the focus statistic method and local terrain contour tree model were developed to identify enclosed karst depression and its range using regular grid DEM data with 12.5 m spatial resolution, which has been applied to enclosed karst depression identification in Anlong County. (2) 7262 independent and nested depressions with an average density of 3.7/km2 were identified by using the proposed method. The effectiveness and reliability of the proposed model have been verified through comparative analysis and visual recognition comparison. (3) High-density depression areas (5.6 depressions/km2), medium-density depression areas (2.9 depressions/km2), and low-density depression areas (1.1 depressions/km2) were well classified through kernel density analysis. (4) The geometric parameters of enclosed karst depressions (area, perimeter, circularity, depth, elevation, slope, and volume) were all analyzed in the study area. In addition, an indicator called DCK (depression is caused by karstification) was proposed to evaluate the dissolution degree and karstification stage of the enclosed karst depression. Based on the DCK, we determined that around 2.7% of depressions were identified as middle-stage and suitable for reservoir construction with enough volume and good slope stability. The idea and method in this research could provide a technological support for the engineering utilization of enclosed karst depressions.
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Farheen, Fatma. "Determining the Incidence of Bipolar Disorder in Patients Treated for Major Depression: An Observational Study." International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Review and Research 15, no. 10 (October 30, 2023): 534–40. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11634990.
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AbstractAim: The aim of the present study was to assess the proportion of patients with features of bipolar disorderamongst those primarily diagnosed and treated as major depressive disorder and compare the symptom profileof unipolar depression and bipolar depression.Methods: The present study was conducted in the Department of Psychiatry for one year who were beingtreated as Major Depressive Disorder according to DSM-4 TR and were receiving antidepressant medications,were included in the study. 200 patients were included in the study. All the patients were above age of 18 yearsand have informant available. Participants were included in the study after taking informed consent.Results: 64% were females. Majority of selected patients were married females (78%). 19% patients wereilliterate and 80% were hindus. 52% were staying in nuclear family and 85% belonged to urban area. 85%patients had no history of suicide and there was no family history of any psychiatric illness in 60%. 170 patientshad bipolar disorder and 30 patients had unipolar disorder. Patients having Bipolar Mood disorder weresignificantly younger than unipolar depression. No significant difference was found in sex, marital status,education, religion, income, family type, occupation or locality between two groups. Number episodes of illnesswere significantly higher in bipolar mood disorder than unipolar. Family history of mood disorder wassignificantly higher in bipolar disorder group than unipolar. In clinical features, there was no significantdifference in suicide attempt between both groups. Significant difference was found in diurnal variation.Psychotic features were significantly higher in bipolar mood disorder patients than unipolar depression.Conclusion: It is clear that with high index of suspicion, bipolarity is patently diagnosable in a substantialproportion of patients being treated as unipolar major depression. They have difference in clinical features fromunipolar depression in the form early age of onset, positive family history for mood disorder, more number ofmood episodes and presence of psychotic features during the depressive episode and course of illness
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Holden, C. "Depression: the news isn't depressing." Science 254, no. 5037 (December 6, 1991): 1450–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1962202.
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Grampp, Peter. "Behandlungsoptionen bei Depression Therapieresistente Depressionen." Die Psychiatrie 13, no. 04 (October 2016): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1669706.
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Kharytonov, Volodymyr. "Features of the psychopathological condition of patients with epilepsy and depression in an interictal period." Ukrains'kyi Visnyk Psykhonevrolohii 27, no. 2 (99) (June 10, 2019): 59–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.36927/2079-0325-v27-is2-2019-13.
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The paper presents the results of a comprehensive study of the characteristics of the psychopathological state of patients with epilepsy and depressions of various genesis (organic, psychogenic and endogenous) in the interi ctal period. Were investigated the severity and structure of psychopathological manifestations, as well as separately the level and structure of anxiety in patients with epilepsy depending on the form of depression in a comparative aspect with patients with epilepsy without signs of depression. According to the selected forms of depression, are analyzed the severity and structural features of depressive symptoms. Was established that patients with depressions are characterized by more pronounced and diverse psychopathological manifestations, in the structure of which, apart from depressive manifestations, anxious and psychosomatic symptoms are formed (with organic and psychogenic depressions); as well as asthenic manifestations, a decrease in the level of interpersonal interaction and obsessive-compulsive symptoms (with endogenous depressions). Is determined the highest level of psychopathological distress in patients with epilepsy with endogenous depressions. Key words: epilepsy, organic depression, psychogenic depression, endogenous depression, interictal period, psychopathological condition, anxiety, depressive manifestations.
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Omelchenko, M. A. "Clinical Features of Youth Depression with Attenuated Symptoms of the Schizophrenic Spectrum." Psikhiatriya 19, no. 1 (March 28, 2021): 16–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.30629/2618-6667-2021-19-1-16-25.
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Objective: establishment of clinical and psychometric features of youth depression with attenuated symptoms of the schizophrenic spectrum (ASSS) for early differential diagnosis and nosological assessment.Patients and methods: clinical and psychometric examination of young 219 inpatients (average age 19.6 ± 2.4 years), first admitted to the clinic “Mental Health Research Centre” from 2011 to 2020 with the first depressive episode with ASSS. Control group of inpatients (52 patients) with “classical” youth depressions without ASSS (average age 19.6 ± 2.4 years). Diagnosis according ICD-10: F32.1, F32.2, F32.28, F32.8.Results: the psychopathological structure of youth depression with ASSS is characterized by the following types: (1) depression with attenuated psychotic symptoms (APS), which were divided into the subtype (1a) depression with APS and (1b) depression with brief limited intermittent psychotic symptoms (BLIPS); (2) depression with attenuated negative symptoms (ANS), comprising two subtypes (2a) with most emotional damage and (2b) with volitional impairment, and type (3) with attenuated symptoms of disorganization (ASD) in the structure of depressive episode. Clinical and reliable psychometric differences have been established between depressions with ASSS and «classical» youth depressions without ASSS. Conclusions: youth depression with ASSS is definitely different from “classical” youth depression without ASSS. Differences have been found in the psychopathological structure of youth depression with ASSS, resulting in a typological differentiation.
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Zeng, Lan, Haoyong Shen, Yali Cui, Xuefeng Chu, and Jingli Shao. "Incorporating the Filling–Spilling Feature of Depressions into Hydrologic Modeling." Water 14, no. 4 (February 19, 2022): 652. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14040652.
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Surface depressions are one of the important impact factors of hydrologic processes and catchment responses. However, in many hydrologic models, the influence of depressions is often simulated in a lumped manner, which results in the insufficient characterization of the filling–spilling–merging–splitting dynamics of depressions and the threshold behavior of the overland flow. The objective of the research reported in this paper is to improve the simulation of depression-influenced hydrologic processes by capturing the threshold control of depressions. To achieve this objective, a Depression-oriented Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT-D) is developed. Specifically, the intrinsic changing patterns of contributing area and depression storage are first determined and further incorporated into the SWAT to simulate the filling–spilling of depressions and depression-influenced overland flow dynamics. The SWAT-D was applied to a depression-dominated watershed in the Prairie Pothole Region to evaluate its performance and capability. The simulated and observed hydrographs at the watershed outlet showed good agreement, with only a 7% deviation between the simulated and observed volumes of discharges in 2004. The NSE values for the simulated monthly average discharges during calibration and validation periods were 0.78 and 0.71, respectively, indicating the ability of the SWAT-D in reproducing the depression-influenced catchment responses. In addition, the SWAT-D was compared with other depression-oriented modeling techniques (i.e., the lumped depression approach and probability distribution models), and the comparisons emphasized the improvement of the SWAT-D and the importance of the research reported in this paper.
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Thomas, Dr Abel Abraham. "POSTPARTUM DEPRESSION." INDIAN RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND SCIENCE 7, no. 4 (September 2020): 2359–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/irjps.2020.7.3.4.
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Sushil, Kumar, and Kumar Bhagat Ashok. "A Hospital Based Assessment of the Challenges in Management of Major Depression in Patients with Co-Morbid Medical Conditions." International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Review and Research 15, no. 05 (May 30, 2023): 58–63. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12608300.
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AbstractAim: The aim of the present study was to assess the challenges in management of MajorDepression in patients with co-morbid medical conditions.Methods: The present study was conducted in the Department of Psychiatry, JawaharlalNehru Medical College, Bhagalpur, Bihar, India for one year and 100 patients withdepression were included in the study.Results: The rates of fatigue, insomnia and nausea among patients with depression have beenreported to be 86 %, 79 %, and 51 %, respectively. MDD is considered an important riskfactor for physical diseases. Patients who were older, had lower incomes, were unemployed,were less educated and had had depression for a longer duration was at higher risk ofdeveloping various medical disease. Musculoskeletal diseases were found in 20% of patientswith MDD.Conclusion: Therefore, optimal treatment for MDD should include collaboration focussed oncomorbid physical diseases, rehabilitation aimed at restoring social functioning, andpharmacotherapy designed to ensure complete remission including psychological andphysical symptoms, as well as functional recovery
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Piriya, Shiwaruangrote, Chunhagsikarn Akekanat, and Jinnawaso Nathorn. "The Effect of Depression on Motivation to Study." International Journal of Current Science Research and Review 05, no. 06 (June 27, 2022): 2178–82. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6758864.
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ABSTRACT: To obtain information about the correlation between depression and motivation to study and identify any correlation between the questions in the survey to gain more insight into the studying habits and reasons for secondary students’ motivations Methods: a cross-sectional survey with a structured questionnaire was selected to use for data collection. Recruitment was on a voluntary basis, all participants were randomly selected and in similar age groups; however, there were varieties in gender and school systems. To test whether two variables correlate, we conduct a cross-sectional survey study. Our questionnaire consisted of 20 questions, all which have been approved by 3 experts. The sampling participants were chosen from a range of schools throughout the Bangkok province, including government schools, private schools, and international schools. The sampling participants were in grade 10-12. A total of 180 students participated in the study and completed the survey. The Statistical Product and Service Solutions version 28.0 (SPSS) was used to determine the correlation between depression and achievement motivation in the responses. It revealed that there is a negative correlation between depression and motivation to study, r(180)=-.567, p<.001. The general trend illustrates that the traits most commonly attributed to depression cause a general decline in intrinsic motivation, more specifically, motivation to study. Furthermore, there is a clear increasing trend in depression amongst Thai teens during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, it is crucial to continue monitoring statistics regarding motivation as the data could be significant in designing policies regarding mental health and used for parents to understand their children more completely as well.
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Beattie, Jodi C., and Russell L. Elsberry. "Western North Pacific Monsoon Depression Formation." Weather and Forecasting 27, no. 6 (December 1, 2012): 1413–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/waf-d-11-00094.1.
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Abstract Relatively few studies have been carried out as to the conditions leading to the formation of monsoon depressions in the western North Pacific. Two monsoon depression formations during July 2007 were analyzed using ECMWF analyses and satellite observations. Wave-activity flux calculations indicated that cross-equatorial flow from the Southern Hemisphere played an important role in the formation of these monsoon depressions. A new conceptual model of monsoon depression formation in the western North Pacific is proposed that includes three southerly airstreams in the Southern Hemisphere that lead to cross-equatorial flows into the Northern Hemisphere. Examination of 44 monsoon depressions from April to December 2009 confirms the critical role of these cross-equatorial flows in monsoon depression formation. All of the monsoon depressions in the 2009 sample for which formation conditions could be established had at least one of three possible airstreams that interacted with a confluent region and, thus, may be a necessary condition for monsoon depression formation. This conceptual model of monsoon depression formation was further confirmed by means of wave-activity flux calculations and backward trajectory ensembles for the 2009 cases.
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Paykel, E. S. "Which depressions are related to life stress?" Acta Neuropsychiatrica 14, no. 4 (August 2002): 167–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1601-5215.2002.140402.x.
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This paper examines the relationship of recent life events to specific kinds of depression using published studies and the author's own work. An overall effect of life events on depression has been found consistently and is moderate in degree. In suicide attempts there are stronger and more immediate effects than in depression. Life events precede both non-melancholic and melancholic depressions. It is only in recurrent depressions that life events are less common with melancholic pictures. Life events influence bipolar disorder as well as unipolar. Mania may be preceded by life events, particularly those involving social rhythm disruption, but it is harder to rule out events which are consequences of insidious development of illness. There are strong effects of life events and social support in postpartum depressions but in postpartum psychoses these effects are absent. Events precede depression comorbid with other disorders as well as pure depression. The course of depression is also influenced by life stress with less remission where negative events occur after onset and better outcome where earlier adverse events are neutralized. Relapse is related to immediately preceding life events. However, where depressions are both severe and recurrent life stress effects weaken and as the number of episodes increases preceding life events lessen. These findings suggest that some kinds of depression are more related to psychosocial causation and some are more biological in origin.
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Barkhatova, A., and S. Sorokin. "Differences in the dynamics of schizophrenia with the formation of episodic and persistent apathetic depressions." European Psychiatry 67, S1 (April 2024): S752—S753. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2024.1566.
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IntroductionApathy in endogenous depressions is a complex mental phenomenon (it is characterized by indifference and loss of interests, reduced incentives and motivation, decreased mental and physical activity). Apathy becomes the cause of pronounced social maladaptation and untimely seeking medical help. Different depressions vary in psychopathological features of apathy, in addition, there are also different dimensions of the general dynamics of endogenous disease.ObjectivesStudy of the features of the course of schizophrenia, in which apathetic depressions develop with episodic and persistent type of dynamicsMethodsThe study included 36 patients (15 men, 21 women, average age 34.9 years) with schizophrenia. In 17 cases, apathetic depressions occurred as short-term episodes, in 19 cases, depression took a persistent (close to chronic) course.Results Schizophrenia with an episodic type of dynamics of apathetic depressions was characterized by: the predominance of cases with early onset of the disease; alternation of apathetic and other type depressions; equal occurrence of mono- and bipolar types of desease; low severity of negative symptoms and slight changes in social and labor functioning. Apathy has always been present during the whole lenght of depression, its picture was dominated by a motivational decline. The studied cases were prognostically favorable. The features of the course of schizophrenia with chronic apathetic depression were: hyperthymic (10 out of 19 observations) and sensitive schizoid (6 out of 19 observations) premorbid personality; bipolar forms of the disease (94.7%, p < 0.05); the predominance of apathetic depression over other depression types, atypical form of depression; short duration of remissions; frequent course of the disease with the presence of only apathetic depressions (12 out of 19, 63.1%, p < 0.05); significant severity of negative symptoms. Apathy occupied only as a part of the duration of the state, as a rule, after anxiety depression. The picture of apathy was dominated by a decrease in initiative or motivation. This clinical group is the most prognostically unfavorable.ConclusionsSchizophrenia, occurring with the presence of persistent forms of apathetic depression, has a greater impact on the functioning of patients and has a less favorable prognosis.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
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Galant, Yves. "Wuth (Beitrag zur medikamentosen Therapie von Depressionszustan den. Knoll’s Mitt. № 3. 1933)." Kazan medical journal 29, no. 10 (January 12, 2022): 837. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kazmj90160.
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Wuth (Beitrag zur medikamentosen Therapie von Depressionszustan den. Knoll's Mitt. No. 3. 1933) provides an overview of the drug treatment of various states of depression: true endogenous depression (melancholy), reactive depression and psychogenic depression. The former arise from unknown causes; the second group also refers to endogenous depressions, but with them there is a provoking mental cause.
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Araya Vergara, José F. "Análisis de la carta geomorfológica de la cuenca del Mapocho." Investigaciones Geográficas, no. 32 (January 1, 1985): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5354/0719-5370.1985.27693.
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The Mapocho basin (Central de Chile) is divided into two morphotectonic styles by the Mapocho fracture. ln the northern section, of the Santiago depression an intense monoclinal warping anda deep alveolar excavation evidence important uplift of the western border. ln the southern section, the asymetry is stronger than the former one and inverse, giving a fault angle depression. This fracturation of the depression's bottom has affected both the conditions of sedimentation and the drainage patterns, causing antecedence phenomena and antagonistic effects between tectodynamics and external morphogenesis. Concerning present tectonics and seismicity, the presence both of different tectonic compartments and depositional landforms in the depression, is possibly more important than the faults themselves in the explanation of the distribution of seismic intensities. ln the northern section of the depression there is a characteristic combination between alluvial cones and "glacis" (bahadas). Moreover, marshy terraces correspond to bad drainage conditions. ln the southern section, in exchange, the central compartments are occupied by proximal cones and dista1 terraces. Slopes are presented as slope systems anda new classification supported on the structure and the external dynamics is used. At the same time, the concept of dissection balance allows relate slopes and talweg dynamics. Therefore, it can be known if the more important morphogenetic processes are present or ancient. So, the fluvial landforms at the depression's bottom are inherited. In the present conditions it is unlikely the transport of coarse sediments from the high mountain toward the depression. Moreover, the torrentialand sheet wash morphologic systems are also inherited. Present through put of material from active slopes toward beds and depressions is possible only during heavy storms of rain y years.
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Amit, Ashok Khune, K. Rathod Harishkumar, P. Deshmukh Swati, and B. Chede Swapnil. "Mental health, depressive disorder and its management: A review." GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 25, no. 2 (November 30, 2023): 001–13. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10579095.
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Mental health is a state of mental well-being that enables people to cope with the stresses of life, realize their abilities, learn well and work well, and contribute to their community. India's mental health struggles are largely due to societal stigma and inadequate healthcare access. Depression is a major cause of disability worldwide and contributes greatly to the global disease burden. Depression is characterized by persistent sadness, hopelessness, irritability, guilt, loss of interest, fatigue, difficulty concentrating, sleep disturbances, changes in appetite, physical aches, and thoughts of death or suicide. Symptoms can also include increased anger, restlessness, withdrawal, impulsivity, alcohol or drug use, isolation, and difficulties with sexual desire and performance. Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most common types of depression. It is characterized by changes in neuronal structure and function, which are accompanied by several biochemical changes. It is caused by a variety of biological, psychological, and environmental factors. This review will cover depression, its signs and symptoms, risk factors, mechanisms, and management. The management of depression includes various types of medication, therapies, counselling, stimulation, and strategies to combat depression.
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Gedevani, E., G. Kopeiko, O. Borisova, T. Vladimirova, E. Smirnova, and V. Kaleda. "Depressions with religious experiences." European Psychiatry 65, S1 (June 2022): S218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.567.
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Introduction Despite a significant number of studies devoted to the relationship between depression and religiosity, the diagnosis of depression in religious patients is complicated due to the insufficiently studied psychopathology and the peculiarities of the patient’s experiences. Objectives To determine the specific features of psychopathology and phenomenology of depression, masked by a “religious facade”, for timely diagnostics and prevention of suicidal behavior. Methods One hundred and fifteen religious (orthodox) inpatients (41 male, 74 female) with depression (F31.3, F31.4, F 32.1., F 32.2, F 33.1, F 33.2 according to ICD-10) were examined. Psychopathological method, HAM-D, SIDAS and statistical analysis were applied. Results Five types of depression were specified, which differed in psychopathological structure and content of the religious experiences. Overvalued ideas of guilt and sinfulness were predominant in melancholic depressions, ideas of God-forsakenness and the loss of “living” faith - in apathetic. Depressions with overvalued doubts whether the right faith and confession has been chosen accompanied with anxiety, melancholy and apathy. It should be specially mentioned apathetic and melancholic depressions characterized by “spiritual hypochondria” with specific cenesto-hypochondrical symptomatology. Melancholic depressions characterized by high suicidal risk prevailed (65%) over the other depressions. Conclusions Depressions masked by a “religious facade” often are not recognized due to specifical content, which results in lack of timely diagnostics and creates a high risk of suicidal behavior. Disclosure No significant relationships.
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Gottschalk, Louis A. "On Shame, Shame-Depression, and Other Depressions." Psychiatry: Interpersonal and Biological Processes 64, no. 3 (August 2001): 225–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/psyc.64.3.225.18465.
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Joyce, Peter R. "Neuroendocrine Changes in Depression." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 19, no. 2 (June 1985): 120–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048678509161309.
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Biological research in depression has concentrated on ‘endogenous’ depressions and over the past 30 years has been guided by the amine theory. Neuroendocrine abnormalities in depression have been reported for over 20 years and include changes in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal and thyroid axes, in growth hormone and prolactin secretion. As neurotransmitters regulate neuroendocrine secretion, inter-relationships between neurochemical and neuroendocrine abnormalities may provide a window for understanding the pathophysiology of depression. The availability of these biological markers for depression opens new possibilities for research in psychiatric diagnosis and for management.
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Stavrakaki, Chrissoula, and Beverley Vargo. "The Relationship of Anxiety and Depression: A Review of the Literature." British Journal of Psychiatry 149, no. 1 (July 1986): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.149.1.7.
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The nature of the relationship between anxiety and depression has been much debated. The research in the past 15 years is reviewed in the context of three conceptual models: (a) anxiety and depression differ quantitatively; (b) anxiety and depression differ qualitatively; and (c) combined anxiety and depression syndromes (anxious depressions) differ both quantitatively and qualitatively from either pure anxiety or pure depression. The major areas of research—phenomenological, treatment, course and outcome—are considered and findings in support of each position reviewed.
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Bartova, Lucie, and Siegfried Kasper. "CHRONOBIOLOGY OF DEPRESSION." Psychiatria Danubina 33, no. 3 (November 17, 2021): 446–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.24869/psyd.2021.446.
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F., O. Ibimiluyi. "The Relationship between Religion and Adolescent Depression in Ekiti State of Nigeria." American Based Research Journal 8, no. 4 (April 30, 2019): 44–50. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3456898.
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<em>Religious practices, depressive symptoms, and bouts of major depression are widespread among adolescents in all countries of the world, but there has not been an agreement on their relationship. This paper attempts to find out a possible relationship between religion and depression among adolescents in Ekiti State Nigeria. The descriptive research of the survey type was adopted for the study. The sample consisted of 520 adolescents that were selected using a multistage sampling technique from the 16 local government areas of Ekiti State of Nigeria. A questionnaire on religious practices and depression designed by the researcher and based on the works of Flugum (1995) and Beck (1996) was used to collect data and the data collected were analysed using frequency counts, Pearson Product Moment Correlation and student t-test to test the two hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The results show that the adolescents in Ekiti State are religious and there is no significant relationship between religion and depression. However, there is a significant difference in the incidence of depression among Christian and Muslim adolescents in the Ekiti State of Nigeria. It was recommended that school counsellors should employ the use of religious involvement in counselling through various religious practices, such as prayer or meditation, to reduce tension and anxiety among the adolescents.</em>
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Chan, Pak-wai, and Junyi He. "An observational study of a long-lived monsoon depression over the South China Sea." Időjárás 129, no. 1 (2025): 39–51. https://doi.org/10.28974/idojaras.2025.1.3.
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In general, there would be one monsoon depression affecting the South China Sea every summer. Such depressions are relatively short-lived and mostly last for a few days. In early June 2023, there was a relatively long-lived monsoon depression over the South China Sea with a lifespan of around 10 days. The paper documents the life of this monsoon depression, including the meteorological observations. This depression is found to have the typical structure of a monsoon depression, namely, very weak winds near the center and higher wind speed with intense convection associated with a burst of southwest monsoon in its periphery. The strong southwest monsoon was also observed as a boundary layer jet in the upper air observations. The study is unique from the perspective that there are more meteorological observations over the northern part of the South China Sea, including the weather buoys and oil platforms, which provide unprecedented meteorological observations of the depression. It is hoped that this paper could stimulate further studies of monsoon depressions in this region in the future.
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Nehal, Jain, Solanki Naresh, Yadav Vikas, Kumar Singh Amrendra, and Dhakad Rashmi. "Prevalence of Postpartum Depression in Mothers Following Delivery in the Tertiary Center of Vidisha." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 15, no. 9 (September 30, 2023): 651–61. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11355964.
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Postpartum depression is a mood disorder with a high prevalence, especially in India. The aim of this study was to see the Prevalence of postpartum depression in mothers following delivery in the tertiary center of Vidisha. This is a cross-sectional study done in ABV Government Medical College and associated hospitals, we applied The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) to evaluate mental health. We had seen that the prevalence of postpartum depression was found to be 12.7% in our study. Mean score for women in the immediate postnatal period was 3.86 (SD=5.334). Factors found to be statistically significant with development of depression were no/low level of literacy, lack of family support, marital disharmony and unplanned/unwanted pregnancy.
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Bruna, Oliveira Athayde, Queiroz Silva Santos Mariana, Denise Santos Guerra Nattalie, Adriane Marinho Aarão Tatianne, and Roberto Sousa de Oliveira Jackson. "OS BENEFÍCIOS DA ATIVIDADE FÍSICA COMO RECURSO TERAPÊUTICO EM PACIENTES COM DEPRESSÃO: UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA DA LITERATURA." Revistaft 27, no. 122 (May 31, 2023): 34. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7999334.
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A depressão é uma doença psiquiátrica crônica que exerce inúmeros impactos de ordem biológica, social e psicológica. Na qual o principal sintoma é o humor deprimido e a perda de disposição ou prazer em suas atividades, baixa autoestima e a falta de esperança, dessa forma, é uma doença com maior índice de suicida. Portanto, recentemente novas pesquisas foram surgindo e mostrando o tratamento de forma não medicamentosa. Diante do contexto, o principal objetivo do trabalho é identificar os benefícios da atividade física como estratégia terapêutica para pacientes com depressão. Deste modo, esta pesquisa será realizada através de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, que obedecerá a metodologia de uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa, de caráter exploratório e descritivo, utilizando-se artigos científicos atualizados, pesquisados nas bases de dados PubMed, Scielo e BVS. Portanto, espera-se através da pesquisa que sejam ressaltados e evidenciados os benefícios da atividade física em pacientes com depressão, a fim de melhorar o tratamento deles, apontando a importância de uma alternativa não medicamentosa.
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Hollon, Steven D. "The efficacy and acceptability of psychological interventions for depression: where we are now and where we are going." Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences 25, no. 4 (August 27, 2015): 295–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2045796015000748.
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Depression is an eminently treatable disorder, although estimates of treatment efficacy have been inflated by publication bias. Patients with less severe depressions respond to even nonspecific interventions, whereas patients with more severe depressions require treatments that mobilize specific mechanisms. The cognitive and behavior therapies can be as efficacious as medications in the treatment of severe depression and have an enduring effect that medications lack. Medications may interfere with those enduring effects when added in combination and may prolong the life of the underlying episode when used alone. Thus the cognitive behavioral interventions might be the optimal first-line treatments for depression.
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Meijer, Eva. "The Melancholic Animal — On Depression and Animality." Humanimalia 11, no. 1 (September 12, 2019): 109–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.52537/humanimalia.9480.
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The phenomenon of depression fundamentally challenges common western ideas about what it means to be human, such as Cartesian distinctions between body and mind, and existing notions of rationality, autonomy and agency. Like madness more generally, melancholy and depression are historically shaped constructions, which interconnect at several points with constructions of animality. Focusing on these connections is helpful for rethinking depression in the human case, and for understanding nonhuman animal depression. Other animals are often neglected in studies of depression, even though they may from it too and human and animal depressions are often related, symbolically and practices. Examining the psycho-geographical dimensions of depression in connection to animality can contribute to a different discourse, aimed at interspecies healing.
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Sharp, Susan L. "Depression and Manic Depression." Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services 41, no. 11 (November 2003): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/0279-3695-20031101-16.
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Starovoitova, T. "Influence of anthropogenic factors on the ecology of Melanocorypha calandra and Alauda arvensis in depressions of Dnipro — Molochna." Balanced nature using, no. 2 (May 20, 2021): 98–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.33730/2310-4678.2.2021.237997.
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The research was carried out for 3 years in the steppe biotopes of the bottoms of the Ahaymany, Barnashivsky, Green, Big Chapelsk, and Small Chapelsk depressions of the Dnipro — Molochna interfluve. Based on visual inspection and processing of space images, the degree of anthropogenic transformation of these ecosystems is analyzed. The highest percentage of plowing is characteristic of the Ahaymany depression, which occurred in the last 10 years. Among the factors that significantly affect the nesting birds of the steppe complex are also the continuous low mowing of grass (Green depression) and overgrazing of livestock — Small Chapelsk depression. The nesting density of background steppe species was determined, the highest density of Alauda arvensis in different years is characteristic of Ahaymany (245,2 pairs/km2) and Barnashivsky depression (211,2 pairs/km2), and Melanocorypha calandra — for the Big Chapelsk depression (140,1 pairs/km2). Stable is only the territory of the Big Chapelsk depression the protected regime under moderate grazing load of wild ungulates. A positive correlation was established between the values of steppe habitat area and Alauda arvensis nesting in the Ahaymany, Barnashivsky, Small Chapelsk, and Green depressions and, accordingly, a negative dependence for Melanocorypha calandra.
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Long, Gary L., William J. Newman, Greg L. Klunder, and Jim Mahaney. "The Phosphine Depression in Flame Atomic Spectrometry." Applied Spectroscopy 41, no. 2 (February 1987): 255–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/000370287774986697.
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The presence of PH3 in C2H2 can cause serious depressions of analyte atomic signals in air/C2H2 and N2O/C2H2 flames. In elements other than those in group 1a and 1b, a refractory metal-phosphorus-oxygen compound is formed during analyte desolvation and appears to slow the vaporization process. Data is presented describing the magnitude of the PH3 depression for elements routinely determined in these flames. The effects of the PH3 depression for these elements are compared to H3PO4 depressions, and the success of using chelating agents (EDTA) to reduce the depression is explored. Deviations from mathematical models describing the PH3 effect are discussed, and the possibility of incomplete PH, combustion occurring in the flames is explored.
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Travella, Javier I., Alfred W. Forrester, Susan K. Schultz, and Robert G. Robinson. "Depression following Myocardial Infarction: A One Year Longitudinal Study." International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine 24, no. 4 (December 1994): 357–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/u8r0-a61y-akrp-t24v.
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Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the course and clinical correlates of depression during the first year after myocardial infarction. Method: A group of seventy patients hospitalized for the treatment of myocardial infarction (MI) were assessed for the presence of mood disorders during their hospital admission and at three, six, nine, and twelve months follow-up. Patients were evaluated and diagnosed using the Present State Examination and DSM-III criteria. Impairment in activities of daily living was measured by the Johns Hopkins Functioning Inventory and impairment in social functioning was measured by the Social Functioning Examination. Results: A total of twenty-four patients met DSM-III criteria for major depression at some time during the study (18 in the acute stage, 6 during follow-up). There were two patients with minor depression (dysthymia) at intake and six developed minor depression during the follow-up period. The median duration of major depression was 4.5 months. Patients with depression at intake had greater impairment in activities of daily living than non-depressed patients. Depressions lasting more than six months were more likely to be anxious depressions than those lasting less than six months. After the acute MI period, there was a consistent relationship between the existence of depression and impaired social functioning. Conclusions: This is a pilot study and needs further replication due to the low rate of follow-up participation. However, these data suggest that there may be two types of depression following MI: an acute depression associated with greater functional impairment, and a prolonged depression that may be associated with inadequate social support.
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Grande, Lucinda A., and William J. Spain. "Synaptic Depression as a Timing Device." Physiology 20, no. 3 (June 2005): 201–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiol.00006.2005.
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A depressing synapse transforms a time interval into a voltage amplitude. The effect of that transformation on the output of the neuron and network depends on the kinetics of synaptic depression and properties of the postsynaptic neuron and network. Using as examples neural circuits that incorporate depressing synapses, we show how short-term depression can contribute to a surprising variety of time-dependent computational and behavioral tasks.
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Migalina, V. V. "Youth Chronic Endogenous Depression in Disorders of the Affective and Schizophrenic Spectrum." Psikhiatriya 19, no. 1 (March 28, 2021): 54–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.30629/2618-6667-2021-19-1-54-62.
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Background: chronic endogenous depression in youth has a number of features associated with their severe atypia, work and social maladjustment, deterioration in the quality of life, high risk of suicidal and self-injurious behavior, difficulties in choosing therapy, difficulty in diagnosis and nosological evaluation. Until now, no special research has been done on chronic endogenous depression among young people of this age.Purpose of research: to identify psychopathological features and dynamics of endogenous depression developed in youth, to work out a clinical typology. Patients: 62 young patients (16–25 years old) were clinically and psychopathologically examined, who were first admitted to FSBSI MHRC, within the period of 2017 to 2020 suffering from chronic endogenous depression state for more than two years. Clinically significant somatic, neurological, and mental pathology defined the criteria for exclusion.Methods: for the research the clinical-psychopathological and psychometric methods were used. The patients were examined by the psychometric method upon admission to the hospital and at the stage of reduction of psychopathological disorders upon discharge: the HDRS, SANS and SOPS scales included.Results and conclusion: the clinical picture of youth chronic endogenous depression is characterized by pronounced polymorphism, atypia, erosion of the thymic component, and the dominance of negative affectivity. Based on the analysis of psychopathological characteristics of endogenous depression in youth, two typological varieties were identified: unitary depressions (type I) and supplementary depressions (type II). Among the type II depressions, 2 subtypes were distinguished: with neurosis-like disorders and with psychopathic-like disorders.
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Mahmutović, Jasmina, Aida Rudić, Fatima Jusupović, Arzija Pašalić, and Refet Gojak. "Prevalence of depression in residents of gerontology centre in Sarajevo." Journal of Health Sciences 2, no. 1 (April 15, 2012): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17532/jhsci.2012.62.
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Introduction: Depressive disorder, as a major problem of public health, takes high fourth place in its prevalence in general population, and is considered to be the second most frequent health problem of femalepopulation. Depression is the most frequent mental problem of persons in their third age of life. The aim of this study is to evaluate prevalence of depression and establish the ratio between the current number ofdiagnosed and of unrecognised depression among the residents of Gerontology Centre in Sarajevo.Methods: This is a cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytical study undertaken throughout May and June 2011 on the sample of 150 residents of “The Gerontology Centre“ in Sarajevo that were above 65 years of age. The following instruments were used for the research: the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), modified questionnaire consisting of two parts (general data and data related to health state), and the medical records of the residents. For statistic analysis of data was used the SPSS program for Windows.Results: According to GDS, prevalence of depression was 65.3%, out of which mild depression occurred in 46.7% cases and severe depression in 18.7%. The prevalence of verified (diagnosed) depression was 11.3per cents.Conclusions: According to the GD scale, unrecognised depressions seem to be almost six times more frequent (65.3:11%) than is the case with depressions diagnosed in medical records of the protégées of theGerontology Centre in Sarajevo. Timely recognition of depression and its treating in institutions for protection of health of persons in third age of life can substantially improve the quality of life of these patients.
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Wang, Xiaobo, Caineng Zou, Jian Li, Guoqi Wei, Jianfa Chen, Zengye Xie, Zhisheng Li, et al. "Comparison on Rare Gas Geochemical Characteristics and Gas Originations of Kuche and Southwestern Depressions in Tarim Basin, China." Geofluids 2019 (June 2, 2019): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1985216.
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The Kuche Depression is considered as the most important gas resource potential and gas exploring area with great gas resource potential and prospect in the Tarim Basin. Based on geochemical experimental analyses and comprehensive geological studies, the general geochemical characteristics of molecular and isotope compositions of rare gases as well as hydrocarbon gases and nonhydrocarbon gases are comparatively studied in the Kuche and Southwestern Depressions. Then, their genetic types are separately identified and gas originations are comprehensively discussed. The main results are as follows. (1) Gas fields in the Kuche Depression have a higher methane abundance, accompanied with low N2and CO2abundances, but the Akemomu gas field in the Southwestern Depression has a relatively lower average methane abundance, accompanied with high average N2and CO2abundances. The helium abundance of natural gases in gas fields from the Kuche Depression general has 1 order of magnitude higher than the air value. Comparatively, it has more than 2 orders of magnitude higher than the atmospheric value in the Akemomu gas field from the Southwestern Depression. The neon, argon, krypton, and xenon abundances in both Kuche and Southwestern Depressions are lower than the corresponding air values. (2) Natural gases from gas fields in the Kuche Depression and the Southwestern Depressions are generally typical coal-formed gases. The rare gases in the Kuche Depression have typical crustal genesis, mainly deriving from the radioactive decay of elements in the crust, while in the Akemomu gas field from the Southwestern Depression, the rare gases have main crustal genesis with a proportion of 92.5%, probably accompanied with a little mantled genetic contribution. (3) Natural gases in the Kuche Depression are generally derived from coal measure source rocks of Jurassic and Triassic, which principally originated from Jurassic in strata period and coals in source rock types. The Jurassic source rocks account for 55%-75% and the Triassic source rocks account for 25%-45% approximately, while coals occupy 68% and mudstones occupy 32% separately. Natural gases from the Akemomu gas field in the Southwestern Depression mainly originated from humic mudstones of marine and continental transitional source rocks of Carboniferous to Permian.
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Jansson, Maarit, and Jan-Henry Stenberg. "Liikunnan antidepressiiviset vaikutusmekanismit." Psykologia 53, no. 1 (January 25, 2025): 4–10. https://doi.org/10.62443/psykologia.v53i1.64424.
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Depressio on maailmanlaajuisesti yleinen mielialahäiriö, jota hoidetaan tyypillisesti lääkkeillä, terapialla tai näiden yhdistelmällä. Kiinnostus muiden hoitomuotojen, kuten liikuntaharjoittelun, mahdollisuuksiin depression ennaltaehkäisyssä ja hoidossa on kasvussa. Etenkin säännöllisesti harjoitetun liikunnan on todettu vähentävän depressio-oireita ja alentavan depression ilmenemisen todennäköisyyttä. Kirjallisuudessa on esitetty eri hypoteeseja mahdollisista liikuntaharjoittelun antidepressiivisistä vaikutusmekanismeista, mutta yksittäisten tekijöiden vallitsevuutta ei ole pystytty yksimielisesti osoittamaan. Tutkimustieto antaa eniten tukea endorfiini-, hermokasvutekijä- ja distraktiohypoteeseille, minäpystyvyyden ja hallinnan hypoteesille sekä sosiaalisen vuorovaikutuksen hypoteesille. Aihealueen tutkimuksessa on toistaiseksi keskitytty liikuntaharjoittelun vaikutusten todentamiseen, ja liikunnan antidepressiivisten vaikutusmekanismien tarkastelu on usein sivuutettu. Liikunnan mahdollisten antidepressiivisiä vaikutuksia välittävien tekijöiden paremman ymmärtämisen kautta liikuntainterventioita voitaisiin mitä todennäköisimmin kehittää ja hyödyntää depression hoitomuotona nykyisiä käytänteitä tehokkaammin.
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Kharytonov, Volodymyr. "Analysis of the emotional state of patients with epilepsy and depression in interactal period." Ukrains'kyi Visnyk Psykhonevrolohii 27, no. 3 (September 5, 2019): 53–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.36927/2079-0325-v27-is3-2019-8.
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The paper presents the results of the analysis of the emotional state of patients with epilepsy and depressions in the interictal period. Was analyzed the entire spectrum of aff ective manifestations (positive and negative emotional reactions), and were separately investigated the structural features of anxiety. It has been established that in the structure of the emotional state of patients with epilepsy, both with depressions and without, is noted the presence of negative aff ectivity in the form of reactions of tension, anxiety, anger, and frustration. The specifi c character of the emotional state of patients with epilepsy with depressions lies not so much in the representation of specifi c negative emotional states, but in the range of their severity. The emotional state of patients with epilepsy and depressions is represented by extremely negative emotional reactions, among which the most pronounced and characteristic of all forms of depression is the feeling of sadness. The specifics of the emotional state are determined depending on the form of depression: against the background of the state of sadness, with organic depression in the aff ective state, dominates the feeling of fatigue; with psychogenic — tension and anxiety; with endogenous — self-deprecation. Were distinguished the structural features of anxiety in patients with various forms of depression, was noted its high level in psychogenic depressions.
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Aatir, H. Rajput, Ayesha Sana, and Rafique Saher. "Prevalence of depressive symptoms among entrance test applicants of Mirpurkhas." International Journal of Endorsing Health Science Research 4, no. 4 (December 31, 2016): 28–33. https://doi.org/10.29052/IJEHSR.v4.i4.2016.28-33.
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Abstract <strong>Background: </strong>The interest of the scientific community regarding depression in students is rather new. However, case reports dating back to the seventeenth century do exist. In that era, the belief prevailed that depression rarely existed (if at all) among students but the belief is now being challenged. Our research takes the belief one step further and hypothesizes that depression is most often high during tests & exams and the highest when they are preparing for & about to appear in entrance tests. <strong>Objective: </strong>Entrance tests are, without doubt, the most crucial career defining periods of a student’s life. This study aims to test this hypothesis and figure out whether the belief, that depressive symptoms are intensified during the period of entrance tests, holds truth. <strong>Methodology:</strong> A cross-sectional, observational study was conducted in Mirpurkhas district. A data sample of 222 entrance test students was chosen via purposive sampling. Data was collected through a self-administered structured questionnaire (which included the Hamilton stress scale) from May to July 2014. The data was analyzed using SPSS v.16.0. <strong>Results:</strong> The mean stress score of the entrance test applicants was 21.56, which indicate moderate severity. The mean stress score of females (22.43) was higher than that of males (20.82) showing that females are more severely affected. A significant proportion of applicants admitted that they consciously experienced depressive mood. The applicants also complained of other general depressive symptoms like loss of appetite, general aches, weight loss, anxiety and agitation. Health worries were also common among the entrance test applicants. <strong>Conclusions:</strong> On the basis of our data we conclude that depression is common and wide array of general depressive symptoms are aggravated in entrance test applicants. This issue needs immediate attention and steps must be taken to pre-empt the future adverse health problems that can stem from this condition. Link: http://aeirc-edu.com/ojs14/index.php/IJEHSR/article/view/137/304
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Wu, Jingfeng, Qi'an Meng, Xiaofei Fu, Yuling Ma, Meifeng Sun, Ning Sun, and Wancang Tan. "Study on the relationship between multi-stage strike-slip mechanism and basin evolution in Fangzheng fault depression." Earth Sciences Research Journal 22, no. 4 (October 1, 2018): 335–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v22n4.77380.
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Fangzheng fault depression is controlled by the northern of the Tan-Lu fault zone. It undergoes multi-stage strike-slip, extrusion modification, and erosion of the thermal uplift, forming a tectonic pattern of uplifts connected with sags. Through the regional dynamic analysis, the study of the activity law of the western Pacific plate has clarified the formation and transformation of the regional tectonic stress field. Under the background of the multi-stage of the strike-slip mechanism in the northern part of the Tan-lu fault, the Fangzheng fault depression has a characteristic of the “left-lateral strike-slip pull-apart basin, right-lateral strike-slip extrusion transformation.” According to the difference of the strike-slip, the Fangzheng fault depression has divided into two parts: the East fault depression and the West fault depression. The seismic data, seismic attribute analysis, and geological modeling techniques have applied to analyze the two fault depressions, the East fault depression has actively controlled by the strike-slip activity, and the structure is complex. The seismic data quality is poor; the structure of the West Fault Depression is the opposite and structural characteristics of asymmetrical difference strike-slip in the East and West fault depressions. Interpretation of seismic sections through a slippery background, the strike-slip attributes of the whole fault depression from south to north are segmented, and the strike-slip mechanism from east to west is different. Under the control of the multi-stage strike-slip mechanism, the Fangzheng fault depression is divided into six stages of strike-slip evolution, corresponding to the six different stages of the strike-slip control basin, the formation process of the asymmetric difference strike-slip fault basin is clarified, which provides a reference for the study of the strike-slip pull-apart basin with multi-stage structure.
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Surkova, Ye V., M. Yu Drobizhev, O. G. Melnikova, T. A. Zakharchuk, and I. I. Dedov. "Diabetes mellitus and concomitant depressions." Problems of Endocrinology 49, no. 6 (December 15, 2002): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/probl11746.
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The fact that there is a high prevalence of depressions among patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) is well known. However, the relationships between the nosological entities of depressions and the clinical characteristics of DM are little studied. The study was undertaken to search for such relationships. A hundred and fifty outpatients with DM (out of them 38 males, Type 2 DM was diagnosed in 102 patients) the median age was 54.0 years (25 and 75 percentiles: 43.0-61.5), the median duration of diabetes was 7.2years (2.0-15.0); the median level of HbAlc was 8.6% (7.49.7%). Depression was revealed in 50 (33%) patients. Their comparison with patients without depression indicated that there was no association with the main clinical characteristics of MD (the type and duration of the disease, the prevalence of acute and chronic complications, insulin therapy). At the same time, a comparison of three groups of patients with the major clinical forms (nosogenic, cyclothymic, and dysthymic) of diagnosed depression by using x2 revealed the following associations: between DM-1 and cyclothymic depression and between DM-2 and nosogenic and dysthymic depression (р = 0.01). Cyclothymic and dysthymic depression showed no associations with clinical characteristics of DM. The prevalence of nosogenic depression was significantly higher in patients with a history of second-three grade diabetic retinopathy (p = 0.02), arterial hypertension (p = 0.001), proteinuria (p = 0.02), myocardial infarction (p = 0.04), and foot ulcerative defects (p = 0.04). The results show that nosogenic depression are mental responses to the severe course of DM, namely to the severity of micro- and macrovascular complications. The associations between the types of DM and the clinical types of depression -cyclothymia and dysthymia - await further study. Overall general predisposition may be discussed as a possible explanation.
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Delanoy, Elfrun. "Facetten der Depressivität und die hilfreiche Beziehung." Imagination 34, no. 4 (July 1, 2012): 42–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.24989/ig.v34i4.3482.
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Nach einem allgemeinen Überblick über die Vielschichtigkeit von Depressions-Bildern und theoretischen Grundlagen werden behandlungstechnische Überlegungen in Fallvignetten dargestellt und in Bezug auf TherapeutInnen-Variablen reflektiert. Den Stellenwert der Depression in der Gesellschaft umrahmen statistische Angaben und kleine Exkurse wie die Fähigkeit zur Depression und die Männerdepression.
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Saklofske, D. H., I. W. Kelly, and B. L. Janzen. "Neuroticism, depression, and depression proneness." Personality and Individual Differences 18, no. 1 (January 1995): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0191-8869(94)00128-f.
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Möller-Leimkühler, A. "Männer, Depression und „männliche Depression”." Fortschritte der Neurologie · Psychiatrie 77, no. 07 (April 1, 2009): 412–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2008-1038257.
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Andreasen, N. C., W. M. Grove, J. Endicott, W. H. Coryell, W. A. Scheftner, R. M. A. Hirschfeld, and M. B. Keller. "The phenomenology of depression." Psychiatry and Psychobiology 3, no. 1 (1988): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0767399x00001267.
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SummaryWhile some investigators believe that the concept of depression is a continuum with mild and severe forms reflecting essentially the same entity, most suspect that the concept is instead heterogeneous and consists of a group of discrete subtypes. If this is so, identifying subtypes is a major priority. Ultimately such subtypes must be understood in terms of their underlying neural and even molecular mechanisms. Yet in order to search for such mechanisms, we still must begin with clinical phenomenology.Two major subtypes of serious depressions have been proposed. Endogenous or melancholic depression is one, while bipolar depression is another. Thinking about both these subtypes tends to assume an underlying biogenic mechanism that is relatively autonomous, although not necessarily free of environmental influences.This paper examines a series of attempts to identify discrete subtypes of depression. One approach, used in a series of investigations, involves the use of mathematical techniques such as cluster analysis in order to identify phenomenologically similar subgroups within the depressive spectrum. This approach has consistently identified a melancholic or endogenous syndrome. Our attempts to validate the concept of endogenous depression through examining external correlates, such as family history, have been less successful.An alternate method for subtyping depression stresses that the bipolar subtype represents a discrete form of severe endogenously caused depression. We bave examined the phenomenology of bipolar versus unipolar depression and found it to differ significantly in a number of respects. Thus, endogenous depression and bipolar depression may represent different phenontena.
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Zhu, D., Q. Ren, Y. Xuan, Y. Chen, and I. Cluckie. "An effective depression filling algorithm for DEM-based 2-dimensional surface flow modelling." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 9, no. 9 (September 5, 2012): 10011–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-9-10011-2012.
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Abstract. The surface runoff process in fluvial/pluvial flood modelling is often simulated employing a two-dimensional (2-D) diffusive wave approximation to described by grid based digital elevation models (DEMs). However, a serious problem of this approach may arise when using a 2-D surface flow model which exchanges flows through adjacent cells, or conventional rink removal algorithms which also allow flow to be exchanged along diagonal directions, due to the existence of artificial depression in DEMs. This study firstly analyses the two types of depressions in DEMs and reviews the current depression filling algorithms with a medium sized basin in South-East England, the Upper Medway Catchment (220 km2) used to demonstrate the depression issue in 2-D surface runoff simulation by MIKE SHE with different DEM resolutions (50 m, 100 m and 200 m). An alternative depression-filling algorithm for 2-D overland flow modelling is developed and evaluated by comparing the simulated flows at the outlet of the catchment. This result suggests that the depression estimates at different grid resolution of DEM highly influences overland flow estimation and the new depression filling algorithm is shown to be effective in tackling this issue when comparing simulations in sink-dominated and sink-free digital elevation models, especially for depressions in relatively flat areas on digital land surface models.
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Katayama, Yasuo, Kazuhiro Usuda, Yasuhiro Nishiyama, and Kenichiro Katsura. "Post-stroke depression." Nippon Ronen Igakkai Zasshi. Japanese Journal of Geriatrics 40, no. 2 (2003): 127–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3143/geriatrics.40.127.
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