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Zahid, Md Abu, HI Lutfur Rahman Khan, Abdul Wadud Chowdhury, et al. "Demographic Profile of NSTEMI (Non ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction) Patients & Association of ST-Segment Depression and Level of Troponin I with NSTEMI Patient's In-Hospital Outcome." Medicine Today 27, no. 2 (2016): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/medtoday.v27i2.30038.
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Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) remains the leading cause of death in the developed world and second leading cause of death in developing countries. Elevated troponin levels and extent of ST-segment depressions are clinically important because they may act as an effective prognostic marker .This cross-sectional study has been designed to see the correlation of ST-segment depression and level of troponin I with in-hospital outcome of NSTEMI patients. The study was conducted in the Department of Cardiology, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka during the period of April, 2011- March, 2012. A total of 90 patients were selected by purposive sampling. In this study,the mean ±SD age of the patients was 55.9±9.1 years with a range of 36-80 years with a male -female ratio of 2:1.Over all dyslipidaemia was the most common risk factor present in 55(61.10%) patients followed by smoking in 48(53.3%) patients then obesity in 32(35.60%) then hypertension in 31(34.4%) patients. Troponin I level was significantly high in patients who developed acute LVF (10.36±7.4 vs 7.0124±6.8, p=.027), and cardiogenic shock (13.72±11.37 vs 8.64±7.35, p=.033). Troponin I was significantly high in patients who developed complication (10.72±8.84 vs 6.24±5.41, p=.005) than the patients who were discharged without complication. ST segment depression was significantly more in patients who developed acute LVF(1.07±1.63 vs.55±.74, p=.048). Logistic regression analysis of acute LVF with Troponin I and ST-segment depression showed that ST-segment depression and level of Troponin I were important correlates of acute LVF .Medicine Today 2015 Vol.27(2): 14-19
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Ashilova, M. S., O. Ya Kim, A. S. Begalinov, and K. K. Begalinova. "The value system of modern youth after the COVID-19 pandemic." Education and science journal 25, no. 7 (2023): 172–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.17853/1994-5639-2023-7-172-191.
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Introduction. The COVID-19 pandemic, which spread widely around the world at the beginning of 2020, has seriously affected the educational sphere as a whole. Under the influence of the pandemic, the psychology of young people, their value orientations, thoughts about the future, their well-being and behaviour are changing. R. Inglehart notes that this process is heterogeneous and manifests itself in different ways in different countries of the world. In developed countries with a predominance of values of self-expression and secular-rational values, the pandemic has affected more painfully than in developing countries with traditional values and values of survival. This study presents how the pandemic affected the values of student youth in Kazakhstan, a country that, according to R. Inglehart’s map of cultural values, occupies a more neutral position. And also it was analysed whether the trends in Kazakhstan correlate with global ones.Aim. The present research aims to identify how the pandemic has affected the value orientations of students in Kazakhstan and other countries around the world. The main hypothesis, derived by analogy with other countries of the world, is the assertion that the pandemic has led to widespread depressions among Kazakh youth, shaking their life values and the importance of education.Methodology and research methods. The theoretical and methodological basis of the article was the research of R. Inglehart and C. Welzel, devoted to the problems of values, including in the conditions of the pandemic crisis. The survey method was also used. It was conducted on the basis of a sample formed: one thousand full-time university students from 17 regions of Kazakhstan (three megacities and 14 regions). A questionnaire containing 13 key questions concerning the values of young people, their prospects for the future, fears and anxieties, and the quality of education was used.Results. The results of this study and their comparison with similar surveys in other countries of the world allowed the authors to conclude that Kazakh students in general are experiencing the same negative consequences of the pandemic as their peers from other countries. However, in matters of life goals, educational values, career prospects and general well-being, Kazakhstani students show great resilience and a positive attitude. Based on R. Inglehart’s position, this happened due to the low economic development of the country, which, according to his system of values, is classified as developing countries with a strong traditional way of life and the predominance of survival values.Scientific novelty. The article for the first time attempts to analyse the values of Kazakh students through the prism of the concept of R. Inglehart and C. Welzel, and also shows the impact of the pandemic on the well-being, quality of education and value orientations of young people in Kazakhstan and other countries of the world. Practical significance. The materials of the article can be used to develop new approaches to teaching/educating students, taking into account the impact of the pandemic, the deterioration of the well-being of students and the crisis of values. This study reveals the specifics of these processes in Kazakhstan, one of the post-Soviet countries belonging to developing, traditional countries.
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Đelilović-Vranić, Jasminka. "Transcranial Doppler sonography as diagnostic method." Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences 2, no. 1-2 (2002): 66–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17305/bjbms.2002.3585.
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Having in mind the fact that cerebrovascular disease (CVB) takes today in medicine, in spite of diagnostic and therapeutic modernisation, the third place of mortality causes in the world (behind cordial and malignant diseases, but in front of depressions), and the second place of invalidity cause (right after trauma) as well as the second place of dementia cause (after Alzheimer disease), it urges primary prophylaxis. Developing countries, but before all countries of East and Middle Europe, where is our country, are highly risked areas where CV disease has trend of incidence and total frequency increase. In the neighbouring Croatia today CV disease is at the first place of mortality causes. In the world today 5 million people annually suffer CV disease, in Europe about 700.000, but frequency of suffering on Balkan is about 5 prom. Age of CV disease effecting unfortunately moved towards young age, and today 49% of effected by CV disease are of 46 to 59 years of age. Early detection and treatment of risk factors (before hypertension, smoking, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidaemia, stress and physical non-activities) are the first aspect of CV disease prophylaxis. Together with this aspect of primary prophylaxis is early detection of complications of mentioned risk factors on the walls of blood vessels, before all changing in sense of arteriosclerosis, with consequence of disorder of cerebral haemodynamics. With that objective - verification of circulator and total haemodynamic disorders, there is obvious disclose of non-invasive diagnostic methods, and one of them is Transcranial Doppler Sonography(TCD). TCD is method comfortable for patient, reliable and rather precise, dynamic, and can be repeated several times, without side effects and in comparison with others rather cheap.
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Ben-Ezra, M., and N. Essar. "Depression and anxiety in developing countries." Lancet 364, no. 9444 (2004): 1488. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(04)17269-3.
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Mafla, Ana Cristina, and Israel Biel-Portero. "Lip print: a humanitarian forensic action." Revista Facultad de Odontología 33, no. 1 (2021): 96–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.17533/udea.rfo.v33n1a8.
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Introduction: forensic science involves diverse scientific disciplines that apply their particular expertise to the legal and judicial system. However, in the last decades this science has been linked to humanitarian actions and human rights proceedings. Forensic dentistry plays a vital role in personal identification. The lip print analysis is a relatively a simple procedure used in this discipline. It consists of patterns evaluation of cracks in the elevations and depressions on the labial mucosa. The aim of this study was to determine the lip print patterns of a southern Colombian population in order to add evidence of preconditions for forensic issues as part of a humanitarian forensic action. Methods: a total of 384 participants ≥ 35 years old were included in this study. The lip prints were analyzed through Suzuki and Tsuchihashi’s classification in order to identify the predominant lip prints in males and females. Descriptive analysis was used to determine the sample characteristics and a χ2 test was performed to analyze independence according to sex variable for these categorical data. Results: the analyses showed that Type I and I’ together were the most commonly lip prints seen in this sample, followed by Type II. There were not statistical differences between males and females. Conclusions: the evaluation of lip prints is a cost-effective method, and it could be an alternative in developing countries, especially in those that address massive violations of human rights.
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Brinson, Mark M., and Ana Inés Malvárez. "Temperate freshwater wetlands: types, status, and threats." Environmental Conservation 29, no. 2 (2002): 115–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892902000085.
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This review examines the status of temperate-zone freshwater wetlands and makes projections of how changes over the 2025 time horizon might affect their biodiversity. The six geographic regions addressed are temperate areas of North America, South America, northern Europe, northern Mediterranean, temperate Russia, Mongolia, north-east China, Korea and Japan, and southern Australia and New Zealand. Information from the recent technical literature, general accounts in books, and some first-hand experience provided the basis for describing major wetland types, their status and major threats. Loss of biodiversity is a consequence both of a reduction in area and deterioration in condition. The information base for either change is highly variable geographically. Many countries lack accurate inventories, and for those with inventories, classifications differ, thus making comparisons difficult. Factors responsible for losses and degradation include diversions and damming of river flows, disconnecting floodplain wetlands from flood flows, eutrophication, contamination, grazing, harvests of plants and animals, global warming, invasions of exotics, and the practices of filling, dyking and draining. In humid regions, drainage of depressions and flats has eliminated large areas of wetlands. In arid regions, irrigated agriculture directly competes with wetlands for water. Eutrophication is widespread, which, together with effects of invasive species, reduces biotic complexity. In northern Europe and the northern Mediterranean, losses have been ongoing for hundreds of years, while losses in North America accelerated during the 1950s through to the 1970s. In contrast, areas such as China appear to be on the cusp of expanding drainage projects and building impoundments that will eliminate and degrade freshwater wetlands. Generalizations and trends gleaned from this paper should be considered only as a starting point for developing world-scale data sets. One trend is that the more industrialized countries are likely to conserve their already impacted, remaining wetlands, while nations with less industrialization are now experiencing accelerated losses, and may continue to do so for the next several decades. Another observation is that countries with both protection and restoration programmes do not necessarily enjoy a net increase in area and improvement in condition. Consequently, both reductions in the rates of wetland loss and increases in the rates of restoration are needed in tandem to achieve overall improvements in wetland area and condition.
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Patel, V. "Depression in developing countries: lessons from Zimbabwe." BMJ 322, no. 7284 (2001): 482–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.322.7284.482.
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Shidhaye, PR. "Maternal depression: A hidden burden in developing countries." Annals of Medical and Health Sciences Research 4, no. 4 (2014): 463. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2141-9248.139268.
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Muzamil Akhtar. "Prenatal maternal depression: a critical issue unaddressed in developing countries." Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association 75, no. 04 (2025): 693. https://doi.org/10.47391/jpma.20888.
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Dear Editor, Depression presents a growing health concern worldwide and is set to become the second leading cause of the overall disease burden by 2030 (1). Particularly during pregnancy and childbearing years, depression is a prevalent complication (2). According to the World Health Organization, around 10% of pregnant women and 13% of recently delivered women experience mental disorders, predominantly depression. These rates are notably higher in developing nations, reaching 16% during pregnancy and 20% post-delivery (3). Despite its profound implications for maternal and infant health, prenatal maternal depression remains largely unaddressed in developing and low-income countries. Recent research by Davies EP et al. showed that prenatal maternal depression not only impacts the mental health of expectant mothers but also substantially influences birth outcomes, correlating with increased rates of preterm birth (PTB) and associated infant mortality and morbidity (4). Low-income women are disproportionately affected, with increased risks of PTB due to individual, household, and community-level factors such as poverty, limited healthcare access, and stressful living conditions in economically disadvantaged neighbourhoods. Furthermore, the same clinical trial also demonstrated that reducing prenatal maternal depression through Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT) intervention extends gestational length, promoting full-term births (4). It also showed that treating prenatal maternal depression can increase the odds of delivery at or beyond gestational weeks by 65-85%, highlighting the efficacy of brief IPT in mitigating prenatal depression. Given the rising concern regarding the adverse effects of psychotropic medications on foetal development (5), urgent global action is needed to address the escalating burden of prenatal maternal depression, especially in low-income and developing countries. Policy changes must prioritize maternal mental health as a public health issue, ensuring accessible mental health services for all women regardless of socioeconomic status. Integrating psychological interventions like cost-effective brief Interpersonal Psychotherapy into healthcare systems is crucial for the well-being of both mothers and offspring. Moreover, increased research funding is essential to explore the effects of diverse interventions on reducing maternal depression across varying socioeconomic and cultural contexts.
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Sheykhi, Mohammad. "Inevitable aging and the resultant mental disorders In developing countries: a sociological appraisal." Clinical Research and Clinical Trials 2, no. 1 (2020): 01–03. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2693-4779/002.
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Aging is inevitably associated with a large number of body functions including the mental health. In addition to that, heart function, emotions, moods etc. could be mentioned as the results of gradual aging. Such conditions are usually accompanied with increase in medications consumption and decline in quality of life. Though usually medical sciences study mental health conditions, sociology also needs to be applied to appraise the "cause and effect" of mental health. As life expectancy is globally increasing, more and more people are subject to mental disorders, Alzheimer's disorders, dementia, depression and many more, as the effects of aging extensively impact mental health. Therefore, under the conditions of rapid aging, geriatrics needs to be strengthened and improved as much as possible to safeguard mental health. However, structural changes in terms of biological, physical, psychological and chemical reactions which inevitably occur with aging, need prevention and appropriate medication, and other investments in long term, and if not, other vulnerabilities will inevitably appear.
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Sheykhi, Mohammad. "Inevitable aging and the resultant mental disorders In developing countries: a sociological appraisal." Clinical Research and Clinical Trials 2, no. 1 (2020): 01–03. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/crct.2020/002.
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Aging is inevitably associated with a large number of body functions including the mental health. In addition to that, heart function, emotions, moods etc. could be mentioned as the results of gradual aging. Such conditions are usually accompanied with increase in medications consumption and decline in quality of life. Though usually medical sciences study mental health conditions, sociology also needs to be applied to appraise the "cause and effect" of mental health. As life expectancy is globally increasing, more and more people are subject to mental disorders, Alzheimer's disorders, dementia, depression and many more, as the effects of aging extensively impact mental health. Therefore, under the conditions of rapid aging, geriatrics needs to be strengthened and improved as much as possible to safeguard mental health. However, structural changes in terms of biological, physical, psychological and chemical reactions which inevitably occur with aging, need prevention and appropriate medication, and other investments in long term, and if not, other vulnerabilities will inevitably appear.
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Page, S. A. B. "Prospects for Non-Oil Developing Countries." National Institute Economic Review 116 (May 1986): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002795018611600104.
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Last year, the unexpectedly slow growth of output in the world economy, and of trade relative to it, reinforced doubts as to whether developing countries would recover from their depression and financing crisis. Since then, the fall in oil prices has altered substantially the outlook for industrial countries. The process of re-examining the prospects for developing countries has scarcely begun.This note describes developments in their trade and financing over the past five years, since the second oil price rise, as background to the judgement that the trends expected previously would have been economically and politically impossible to sustain. It then assesses the prospect now—after the fall in oil prices.
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Vaitheswaran, Sridhar, and Vaishnavi Ramanujam. "Elderly Mental Health in Developing Countries." INDIAN JOURNAL OF MENTAL HEALTH AND NEUROSCIENCES 1, no. 01 (2018): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.32746/ijmhns.2018.v1.i1.7.
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Geriatric Psychiatry deals with specific issues and challenges that arise in the assessment and management of mental health problems in elderly. As a specialty it has not received much attention in developing countries until recently. Elderly will soon be major consumers of mental health care in developing countries. Common psycho-social issues among the elderly and their impact on the mental health in the developing regions of the world and the complex interplay between physical health and mental health in the elderly are described. Dementia and depression are described in some detail focussing on relevant research to highlight the challenges in developing countries. Potential solutions to address the challenges of elderly mental health in developing countries are discussed.
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Vaitheswaran, Sridhar, and Vaishnavi Ramanujam. "Elderly Mental Health in Developing Countries." INDIAN JOURNAL OF MENTAL HEALTH AND NEUROSCIENCES 1, no. 01 (2018): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.32746/10.32746/ijmhns.2018.v1.i1.7.
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Geriatric Psychiatry deals with specific issues and challenges that arise in the assessment and management of mental health problems in elderly. As a specialty it has not received much attention in developing countries until recently. Elderly will soon be major consumers of mental health care in developing countries. Common psycho-social issues among the elderly and their impact on the mental health in the developing regions of the world and the complex interplay between physical health and mental health in the elderly are described. Dementia and depression are described in some detail focussing on relevant research to highlight the challenges in developing countries. Potential solutions to address the challenges of elderly mental health in developing countries are discussed.
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Boujraf, Saïd, Farida Ajdi, Salma Bensbaa, and Chadya Araab. "Depression and type 2 diabetes in developed and developing countries." Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism 18, no. 1 (2014): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2230-8210.126592.
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Sadaf, Tahira, Muhammad Amjed Iqbal, Fariha Jamil, Muhammad Haseeb Raza, and Adnan Nazir. "Cost of Mental Illness and Depression in Developing Countries: A Case Study of Pakistan." Journal of Education and Social Studies 3, no. 2 (2022): 84–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.52223/jess.20223204.
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Depression causes a substantial burden to persons, their beloved ones, and the nations as a whole. Major depression results in disability, high morbidity, high mortality, suicides, physical and mental impairment, and deteriorates the quality of life in a society. Depression is common in developing countries like Pakistan. This study analyzes the economic burden of depression and depressive disorders in Pakistan. The study was conducted in Pakistan’s third largest city, Faisalabad. Respondents were selected using a multistage sampling technique. As a first step, hospitals were selected from both the public and private sectors. In step two, respondents were selected and interviewed using a well-structured and pre-tested questionnaire. Review of literature reveals that the largest share of the burden of depression and depressive disorders is in the form of indirect cost. Direct healthcare cost is mostly in the form of outpatient care, doctor fee, and medicine bills, etc. This study, therefore, estimated both types of costs using cost of illness (COI) analysis. In order to find out the level of depression in patients, the center of epidemiologic studies depression (CES-D) scale was used. Then the direct and indirect cost of depression was estimated. Additionally, multiple regression analysis was used to examine the determinants of health cost, including the level of depression. The direct and indirect costs of depression were 11,108 Pakistani Rupees (PKR) and 4,869 PKR per month, respectively. Results of regression analysis revealed that besides the level of depression, monthly income, age, education, and the number of visits to a doctor’s clinic determine health cost, positively and statistically significant. Additionally, the occurrence of depression and anxiety was evident in adults more than other age groups. Females were suffering from this disorder comparatively more than male respondents. The economic burden related to depression is considerable, especially for those who belong to low-income group. Government should provide facilities for treatment for depression in public hospitals by keeping a special focus on less privileged groups of the population.
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Moniz, Maria de Fatima, Andari Wuri Astuti, and Mohammad Hakimi. "Psychological Impact of Adolescent Pregnancy in Developing Countries: A Scoping Review." Women, Midwives and Midwifery 4, no. 2 (2024): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.36749/wmm.4.2.1-13.2024.
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Background: The increasing prevalence of adolescent pregnancy is a concern, as it affects 17% of the world’s population. Adolescent pregnancy could potentially have significant psychological impacts, including shameful, fearness, depression, and even suicidal thoughts. Purpose: The aim of this scoping review was to analyze the psychological effects of adolescent pregnancy in developing countries based on evidences published previously. Method: This scoping review was using Arksey and O’Malley’s approach. PEOS framework was used for identifying review question. The literature search was conducted by using three primary databases: PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Wiley Online Library. Gray literature was searched through Google Scholar, and included evidences were critically appraised by using JBI and MMAT critical appraisal tools. Results: Based on the search results of 542 articles, 7 were selected. This review focuses on the psychological impact of teenage marriage, including depression, stress, low self-efficacy in becoming parents, stigma or social pressure, and uncertainty about the future. Adolescent pregnancy leading to a negative impact on mental health, depression, stress, and low self-confidence among prospective parents. These issues arise due to a lack of psychological readiness to face the challenges of marriage, lack of family support, marital conflict, community stigmatization, ostracism, and shame. Conclusion: Adolescent pregnancy has adverse psychological impact for mother, thus it is necessary to initiate cross-sectoral work collaboration to provide health and social services as well as reducing stigma within family, peer, and community environment.
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Ferri, Cleusa P., and David Ames. "Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia in developing countries." International Psychogeriatrics 16, no. 4 (2004): 441–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610204000833.
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Background: Little is known about the prevalence of, or associations with behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) in developing countries.Methods: Individuals diagnosed as having dementia according to DSM-IV criteria (mild and moderate cases as defined by the Clinical Dementia Rating scale only), together with their main caregiver, were recruited from 21 centers in 17 developing countries. People with dementia were directly assessed with the Community Screening Interview for Dementia and the Geriatric Mental State Schedule (GMS); GMS data were processed by the AGECAT computer program to yield diagnostic information on 8 psychiatric syndromes. Caregivers answered direct questions about behavioral symptoms of dementia (BSD) and completed the Zarit Burden Inventory.Results: At least one BSD was reported in 70.9% of the 555 participants. At least one case-level AGECAT psychiatric syndrome (not including the organic syndrome) was exhibited by 49.5% of people with dementia. Depression syndromes (43.8%) were most common followed by anxiety neurosis (14.2%) and schizophreniform/paranoid psychosis (10.9%). Caregivers were more likely to report BSD in people with dementia who were married, younger and better educated. More advanced dementia, poorer functioning and the presence of depression or anxiety were each associated with BSD. BSD, and psychiatric syndromes (anxiety neurosis and schizophreniform/paranoid psychosis) predicted caregiver strain after controlling for cognitive impairment. BPSD are poorly understood, leading to shame and blame.Conclusions: BPSD are common among people with dementia in developing countries, though we found marked regional variations. Representative population studies are needed to clarify prevalence and impact, but our research suggests considerable unmet need, with much scope for intervention. Raising awareness of the problem should be the first step.
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Rehan, Farah, Alina Qadeer, Irfan Bashir, and Mohammed Jamshaid. "Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Disease in Developing Countries." International Current Pharmaceutical Journal 5, no. 8 (2016): 69–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v5i8.28875.
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Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have increased the mortality rate both in developing as well as developed countries, however a lower trend in death rates have been seen in developed and high income countries like USA, UK, Australia, Japan and other European countries due to improved life style, better strategic implementation, control of disease both in young and adults and especially reduced smoking habits. In developing countries CVD become an alarming situation due to prevalence of disease in early age that later on become chronic and difficult to control. Various risk factors that can contribute toward CVD in developing countries include smoking, high alcohol and salt intake, dietary factors, diabetes, high blood pressure and psychosocial aspects such as stress, anxiety and depression. Various other factors such as family history and the gender difference also contributing towards the high risk of developing CVD.Rehan et al., International Current Pharmaceutical Journal, July 2016, 5(8): 69-72http://www.icpjonline.com/documents/Vol5Issue8/02.pdf
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Avramovic, Dragoslav. "Depression of export commodity prices of developing countries: What can be done?" Third World Quarterly 8, no. 3 (1986): 953–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01436598608419932.
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Verdeli, Helen. "Toward building feasible, efficacious and sustainable treatments for depression in developing countries." Depression and Anxiety 25, no. 11 (2008): 899–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/da.20536.
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Sarkar, Shambhu. "Challenges for Implementing Pharmaceuticals Drugs Traceability in Developing Countries." International Journal of Research Publications 103, no. 1 (2022): 760–66. https://doi.org/10.47119/IJRP1001031620223477.
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The purpose of this paper is to focus on the challenges for the implementing digital traceability of pharmaceuticals drugs in developing countries. The digital traceability of pharmaceutical drugs has been proving a very impactful process to minimize the risk of counterfeit and illicit drugs in the market. Developed countries like Unites States of America in 2018, and Europe in 2019, made unique identifier with 2D barcode mandatory in each drugs packet. Unique identifier on each packets provide provision of digital traceability since drug manufacturers encode them and keep the data in their repository Any stakeholders in supply chain can easily verify the authenticity of product by asking manufacturer to compare product values with their database. Implementing digital traceability of pharmaceutical drugs in developing countries will be challenging due lack of technical infrastructure, weak regulations, geopolitical instability, poverty, low literacy, and government willingness. Developing countries are facing economic depression and unable to allocate funds on research and development which can improve overall healthcare system. Recently COVID- 19 also played a major role for collapsing their entire healthcare infrastructure. Developing countries impacted by global supply chain restrictions and unavailability of resources which created inflation and unemployment.
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Al-Zubaidi, Manal Ghadban, Hamsa Zubaidi, and Bassim H. Al-Humeidawi. "Evaluation of the Pavement Distress and its Impact on the Sustainability of the Traffic Operation for Selected Roads in Al-Diwaniyah City." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1232, no. 1 (2023): 012057. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1232/1/012057.
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Abstract Roads and transportation infrastructure are critical assets for supporting political stability as well as economic and sustainable expansion in developing countries. Yet, pavement maintenance backlogs and the high capital expenditures of road rehabilitation need the adoption of pavement evaluation methods to ensure the best value for the investment. road maintenance is considered one of the main factors for preserving the road structurally and functionally, and before carrying out maintenance, pavement defects must be identified by evaluating the condition of the pavement to perform the appropriate maintenance. In this study, the Pavement Condition Index (PCI) method was relied upon to evaluate roads in Al-Diwaniyah City. Where several data were collected for the study, including the number of crashes for each region, the number of lanes, street width, the presence of a median, and the pavement condition evaluated for the regions with the highest crash rate, which are Al-Askari District with 707 crashes, Al-Urouba District with 379 crashes, Al-Wahda District with 271 crashes, Al-Jamhouri District with 235 crashes, and Al-Jazaer District with 212 crashes. This study is considered the first study to evaluate roads in Al-Diwaniyah city. The results of the study showed that the condition of the roads ranged from poor to satisfactory and there is no road reach to serious and failed. The results showed that the worst road is Al-Askari District, which lacks a lot of maintenance, at a rate of PCI 52.1. It is followed by Al-Wahda District with a PCI rate of 57.6, Al-Jamhouri District with a PCI rate of 67.2, Al-Urouba District with a PCI rate of 70.7, and Al-Jazaer District with a PCI rate of 73.7. The deterioration of the pavement surface condition affects the rash rate, and it is more dangerous when it is correlated to other road factors. Additionally, it was noted that the most prominent defects in the pavement surface of the five evaluated roads are: potholes, rutting, longitudinal and transverse cracks, corrugation, patching, raveling, depressions, and alligator cracks. The study recommended conducting more research on evaluating more roads in Al-Diwaniyah City on an annual basis and conducting periodic maintenance in order to improve the status of this city, which suffers from neglect in all respects, measures must be taken to enhance the environment and economy, sustain the streets, reduce maintenance costs, ensure traffic safety, and protect the lives of citizens.
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Villegas, Laura, Katherine McKay, Cindy-Lee Dennis, and Lori E. Ross. "Postpartum Depression Among Rural Women From Developed and Developing Countries: A Systematic Review." Journal of Rural Health 27, no. 3 (2010): 278–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-0361.2010.00339.x.
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Surkan, Pamela J., Caitlin E. Kennedy, Kristen M. Hurley, and Maureen M. Black. "Maternal depression and early childhood growth in developing countries: systematic review and meta-analysis." Bulletin of the World Health Organization 89, no. 8 (2011): 608–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2471/blt.11.088187.
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Rahman, A., R. Harrington, and J. Bunn. "Can maternal depression increase infant risk of illness and growth impairment in developing countries?" Child: Care, Health and Development 28, no. 1 (2002): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2214.2002.00239.x.
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Sari, Nurhalina, Nova Muhani, and Friska N. M. Dewi. "Maternal Factors Influencing Postpartum Depression in Indonesia." Kesmas: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Nasional 18, no. 3 (2023): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.21109/kesmas.v18i3.7209.
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The estimated prevalence of postpartum depression differs in developed and developing countries. Due to the increasing number of cases in developing countries like Indonesia, postpartum depression has become a serious issue. This study aimed to identify factors influencing postpartum depression in Bandar Lampung, Indonesia, in 2023 using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale instrument. This study employed a cross-sectional design with a sample size of 251 respondents, selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria using a purposive sampling technique. The multiple logistic regression results indicated that women with abortion records had a three times higher risk (95% CI = 1.394–7.648; p-value = 0.013) of experiencing postpartum depression after controlling for other variables (record of depression, employment status, education, and family support). Postpartum women should be followed by midwives and given regular assistance from their loved ones, such as their spouse or family, to prevent depression. These experts can monitor the mother’s well-being and share information on maternal and infant health.
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Dr., Asim Altaf Andrabi Dr. Tooba Gull Dr Sidra Majeed. "PREVALENCE OF DEPRESSION AMONG THE ELDERLY PEOPLE VISITING OPD OF DHQ HOSPITAL MIRPUR, AJK." INDO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES o6, no. 06 (2019): 12730–36. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3252644.
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<strong><em>Background: </em></strong><em>It is a serious public health issue in developing countries. It will be the single leading cause of Disability Adjusted Life Years by 2020 in developing countries. Elderly individuals affected much more than any other group.</em> <strong><em>Objective: </em></strong><em>To know the prevalence of depression among elderly and to know various predictors of depression among elderly.</em> <strong><em>Methodology:</em></strong><em> It is cross sectional study. Total sample size is 200 with age 60 or above 60 and they selected through consecutive sampling, patients visiting OPD of DHQ Hospital Mirpur AJK and GDS-15 was used to assess the depression.</em> <strong><em>Results: </em></strong><em>Among 200 patients 95(47.5%) have depression and 105(52.5%) are without depression. Among 48 females 33(68.7%) have depression and 15(31.25%) are without depression. Among nuclear family system 47(48%) have depression.</em> <strong><em>Conclusion : </em></strong><em>Depression symptoms among female is more than male along with that older persons living in nuclear family system owned more depression than joint family system. Measures must be taken to minimize the impact of depression.</em>
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KAYA, Abdurrahman. "YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT PROBLEM IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES AND SOLUTIONS FOR TURKEY." NEW ERA JOURNAL OF INTERDISCIPLINARY SOCIAL STUDIES 7, no. 14 (2022): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.46291/newera.188.
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The unemployment problem, which started to become widespread with the Great Depression of 1929, started to affect the whole world with the increase of globalization. Most of the countries' economies have recently turned to struggling with the unemployment problem and have tried to produce policies in this direction. The problem of youth unemployment, which we can consider within the unemployment problem, has emerged as another issue that needs to be struggled for the national economies. The fact that young people, perhaps the most important factor in the development of countries, cannot be included in the market mechanism and remain idle in the economy has created problems for many economies. This research aims to examine the causes of youth unemployment in developing countries and to present rational and original solutions to these problems in Turkey. In this study based on the literature review, the causes of youth unemployment are elaborated by emphasizing the concept of youth unemployment and the structure of youth unemployment, the structure of youth unemployment in developing countries and Turkey has been examined in the light of data from institutions such as TUIK, International Labor Organization and the World Bank and solution proposals that can be used to combat youth unemployment in Turkey are listed. In terms of accepting the data used as more up-to-date, the fact that it covers the years 2000-2020 and that some countries that can be economically and socially equivalent to Turkey have been selected among the developing countries are the limitations of this study. Considering the data obtained, it has been determined that the share of graduates, especially at the higher education level, among the young unemployed is much higher than the graduates with a lower level of education, and this is due to the education-employment relationship.
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Fitch, Taylor Jennelle, Jacxelyn Moran, Gabriela Villanueva, Hari Krishna Raju Sagiraju, Mohammad Morshedul Quadir, and Hasanat Alamgir. "Prevalence and risk factors of depression among garment workers in Bangladesh." International Journal of Social Psychiatry 63, no. 3 (2017): 244–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020764017695576.
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Background: Depression is a growing health issue in both developed and developing countries. General unawareness at the population level, lack of training among health care providers and scarcity of resources including treatment opportunities may conceal the real burden of depression in developing countries, and more epidemiological studies on its prevalence and risk factors are critically needed. Aim: This study reports the prevalence of depression and its associated risk factors among female garment factory workers in Bangladesh – a major supplier country of clothes for the Western market. This research should generate useful evidence for national and international stakeholders who have an interest in improving health, safety and well-being of outsourced factory workers. Methods: A survey was conducted on a sample of 600 lower socio-economic status working women including garment workers. This survey collected data on demographic and health profile of these workers. The primary outcome was depression as measured by Patient Health Questionnaire 9. It also obtained data on traumatic life events and post-traumatic stress disorder. Results: The prevalence of depression was 23.5%: 20.9% among garment workers and 26.4% among others. Part-time employment (odds ratio-OR): 2.36, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.01–5.51), chronic pain (OR: 1.67, 95% CI: 1.01–2.78), two or more traumatic life events (OR: 6.43, 95% CI: 2.85–14.55) and dysuria (OR: 2.50, 95% CI: 1.02–6.15) were found to be significantly associated with depression among these workers in multivariate regression model. Depression prevalene lowered by 11% among these workers for every additional monthly earning of 1,000 taka (US$12). Conclusion: Depression is a multifaceted health issue with many personal, social, economic and health determinants and consequences. This study demonstrates that the prevalence of moderate-to-severe depression among working women in Bangladesh is quite high. Prevention and treatment of depression in developing countries and societies can reduce suffering, lower incidence of suicide, and prevent economic loss. Creating awareness on outsourced workers’ poor mental health may help in developing initiatives to protect and preserve their well-being.
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Chandran, Mani, Prathap Tharyan, Jayaprakash Muliyil, and Sulochana Abraham. "Post-partum depression in a cohort of women from a rural area of Tamil Nadu, India." British Journal of Psychiatry 181, no. 6 (2002): 499–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.181.6.499.
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BackgroundCommunity-based epidemiological data on post-partum depression from developing countries are scarce.AimsTo determine the incidence of and risk factors for developing post-partum depression in a cohort of women living in rural south India.MethodWe assessed 359 women in the last trimester of pregnancy and 6–12 weeks after delivery for depression and for putative risk factors.ResultsThe incidence of post-partum depression was 11% (95% CI 7.1–14.9). Low income, birth of a daughter when a son was desired, relationship difficulties with mother-in-law and parents, adverse life events during pregnancy and lack of physical help were risk factors for the onset of post-partum depression.ConclusionsDepression occurred as frequently during late pregnancy and after delivery as in developed countries, but there were cultural differences in risk factors. These findings have implications for policies regarding maternal and child-care programmes.
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Ranjan, S., A. Bhattarai, and M. Dutta. "Prevalence of depression among elderly people living in old age home in the capital city Kathmandu." Health Renaissance 11, no. 3 (2014): 213–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hren.v11i3.9634.
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Background: There has been a considerable increase in the numbers of older people in the world population of both developed and developing countries. These populations are thought to be at greater risk for depression. Many researches are conducted on physical wellbeing of elderly but studies regarding depression among elderly, especially in old age home is lesser in the developing countries. Objectives: To assess depression among elderly residing in an old age home in Kathmandu and its association with some of the socio-demographic variables. Methods: One hundred fifty elderly people residing in social welfare centre elderly home, Pashupatinath, Gaushala, Kathmandu, Nepal were selected randomly. Geriatric depression scale (GDS) was applied in all the individuals to assess the prevalence and degree of depression. Results: This study showed that, 47.33% of population had depression. Among the depressed population, 70.42% had mild depression and 29.58% had severe depression. There was significant association between the prevalence of depression and history of physical illness. Conclusion: Depressive disorder is highly prevalent among the elderly population residing in the old age home in Kathmandu with history of physical illness. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hren.v11i3.9634 Health Renaissance 2013;11(3):213-218
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Farooq, S. "Collaborative care for depression: a literature review and a model for implementation in developing countries." International Health 5, no. 1 (2013): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/inthealth/ihs015.
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Dixon, Sara, and Jaya A. R. Dantas. "Best practice for community-based management of postnatal depression in developing countries: A systematic review." Health Care for Women International 38, no. 2 (2016): 118–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07399332.2016.1255213.
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Al-Hourani, Dalia, Mahmoud Al-Wriekat, Rocío Llamas-Ramos, and Inés Llamas-Ramos. "The Psychological Impact Among Syrian Refugees in Host Countries." Healthcare 13, no. 5 (2025): 488. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13050488.
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Background: Refugees face numerous challenges, including conflict, displacement, family separation, human rights violations, limited access to basic needs, and exposure to violence and torture. These experiences significantly impact their psychological well-being, leading to increased stress, anxiety, and depression. Syrian refugees in Jordan may experience higher levels of depression and anxiety than those in Spain due to harsher living conditions, limited economic opportunities, uncertain legal status, inadequate mental health services, and ongoing proximity to the Syrian conflict, whereas refugees in Spain benefit from better integration, stronger support systems, and greater stability. Objective: This study aimed to assess and compare the psychological symptoms experienced by Syrian refugees in Jordan and Spain. Methods: A cross-sectional correlational design was employed to evaluate the psychological impact on Syrian refugees in both developed (Spain) and developing (Jordan) country. A sample of 200 refugees from camps, residences, and refugee centers was recruited. Psychological symptoms were measured using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21). Results: The majority of participants had low income, secondary education, and were unemployed. Overall, 55.5% reported stress, 63.5% anxiety, and 68.5% depression. Higher levels of stress and depression were observed among females, unemployed individuals, and low-income groups. Age also played a critical role, with individuals aged 40–49 reporting elevated stress, anxiety, and depression compared with other age groups. Discrimination and living arrangements further influenced mental health, with low-social-connectivity communities and rural areas associated with higher anxiety and depression. Higher levels of stress and depression were observed among females in Spain and significant mental health disparities across age and income groups in Jordan. These findings underscore the need for targeted interventions addressing sociodemographic vulnerabilities to improve refugee mental health outcomes. Refugees in Jordan reported significantly higher levels of depression and anxiety compared with those in Spain. Conclusions: The findings highlight the profound psychological burden faced by Syrian refugees, particularly in Jordan, where living conditions and systemic challenges exacerbate mental health issues. Factors such as age, gender, marital status, low education, and low income were strongly associated with higher stress levels in both countries. These results underscore the need for targeted mental health interventions, improved access to psychological support, and policies that address the socioeconomic and legal challenges faced by refugees. Enhancing integration, reducing discrimination, and providing comprehensive mental health services are critical steps toward improving the well-being of this vulnerable population.
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Wang, Cuiyan, Mohammad A. Fardin, Mahmoud Shirazi, et al. "Mental Health of the General Population during the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pandemic: A Tale of Two Developing Countries." Psychiatry International 2, no. 1 (2021): 71–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/psychiatryint2010006.
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Background: This study aimed to compare the severity of psychological impact, anxiety and depression between people from two developing countries, Iran and China, and to correlate mental health parameters with variables relating to the COVID-19 pandemic. Although China and Iran are developing countries based on the World Bank’s criteria, these two countries are different in access to resources and health care systems. We hypothesized that Iranians would show higher levels of depression, anxiety and stress as compared to Chinese. Methods: This study collected information related to the COVID-19 pandemic including physical health, precautionary measures and knowledge about the pandemic. We also used validated questionnaires such as the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) to assess the mental health status. Results: There were a total of 1411 respondents (550 from Iran; 861 from China). The mean IES-R scores of respondents from both countries were above the cut-off for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Iranians had significantly higher levels of anxiety and depression (p < 0.01). Significantly more Iranians believed COVID-19 was transmitted via contact, practised hand hygiene, were unsatisfied with health information and expressed less confidence in their doctors, but were less likely to wear a facemask (p < 0.001). Significantly more Iranians received health information related to COVID-19 via television while Chinese preferred the Internet (p < 0.001). Conclusions: This cross-country study found that Iranians had significantly higher levels of anxiety and depression as compared to Chinese. The difference in reported measures between respondents from Iran and China were due to differences in access to healthcare services and governments’ responses to the pandemic.
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Jiang, Nan, Jose Pagan, Bei Wu, and Yan Li. "DEPRESSION AMONG MIDDLE-AGED AND OLDER INFORMAL CAREGIVERS IN 19 COUNTRIES: A CROSS-NATIONALLY HARMONISED STUDY." Innovation in Aging 8, Supplement_1 (2024): 509–10. https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igae098.1665.
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Abstract The health of the caregivers is crucial to sustain informal care provision, while depression is an important health risk concept. In this study we aim to conduct multi-country, population-based studies on caregivers’ depression and examine the association of caregiving with depression in 19 countries. We included 142,741 adults aged ≥ 45 years in our sample. Depression was measured using established cut points in shortened Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) or EURO-D scales. We conducted multivariable logistic regression analyses to explore the association of the past 12-month caregiving with depression. Over 30% of participants in our sample were engaged in caregiving with particularly high rates observed in Denmark, China, France, and Sweden. After controlling for potential confounders, caregivers had a significantly higher risk of having depression (OR = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.02-1.25) compared to non-caregivers. The associations were stronger in China, India, South Korea, Spain, and the United Kingdom than in other countries. Our findings suggest that urgent attention must be given to developing strategies that address the unique challenges faced by caregivers, fostering their well-being while maintaining high-quality care standards. Future interventions and policies need to aim at mitigating the mental health burden experienced by caregivers and ensuring sustainable and effective care support.
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Eeman, Aqsa, Muhammad Afaq Khan, Hamza Ashraf, and Haider Ashfaq. "Overcoming mental health care barriers for postpartum depression in developing countries: Zuranolone as a game changer." Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association 75, no. 07 (2025): 1171–72. https://doi.org/10.47391/jpma.22362.
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Madam, Postpartum depression (PPD) is defined as the depressive episode occurring during pregnancy or within the first four weeks after childbirth—although symptoms may arise much later. PPD has been under-researched and frequently under-diagnosed, especially due to lack of awareness, limited access to mental health care, and insufficient training for healthcare providers in recognizing and diagnosing PPD. According to literature from lower-middle-income countries, the PPD is estimated to affect about one in five women 1. This condition encompasses a wide spectrum of physical and psychological symptoms, including depressed mood, sleep and appetite disturbances, loss of concentration, psychomotor symptoms and suicidal thoughts. The impact extends beyond the mother’s health, as affected women are less likely to breastfeed, attend well-child visits, or complete infant immunisations. Depressed females have a lower likelihood of breastfeeding, attending well-child visits, completing infant immunizations, use of safety devices and the essential caution for the infants' posture during its sleep and active hours also gets neglected. Hence, the severity of the mother’s depression is directly linked to its impact on the child’s health. Although Brexanolone is currently the first line drug in treating PPD, it has many limitations. One of the major problems in prescribing brexanolone is the need for the patient to be admitted to the hospital for careful monitoring. Moreover, its intravenous (IV) administration is impractical for many patients. The cost of its treatment, ranging somewhere between $15,000 to $34,000 per vial, makes it inaccessible to the masses 2. On the other hand, Zuranolone, a neuroactive steroid (NAS), is a positive allosteric modulator for both synaptic and extra synaptic GABAARs, which has been proven to be an alternative treatment choice for treating PPD. It is the second NAS and first oral medication to receive approval from the FDA for adults suffering from PPD 3. It has a higher efficacy than brexanolone as it can be easily administered once daily and is proven to be more GABA A receptor selective with better oral bioavailability 4. A phase 3, double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial demonstrated that zuranolone, when taken once daily for two weeks, led to significant improvements in the depressive symptoms 5. Zuranolone was well tolerated and demonstrated safety, with only mild side effects such as nausea, dizziness, and sedation. ---Continue
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Lee, Kai Wei, Siew Mooi Ching, Navin Kumar Devaraj, et al. "Diabetes in Pregnancy and Risk of Antepartum Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 11 (2020): 3767. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17113767.
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Previous literature has reported that patients with diabetes in pregnancy (DIP) are at risk of developing antepartum depression but the results have been inconsistent in cohort studies. We conducted a systematic review and performed a meta-analysis to quantify the association between DIP and risk of antepartum depression in cohort studies. Medline, Cinahl, and PubMed databases were searched for studies investigating DIP involving pregnant women with pre-existing diabetes and gestational diabetes mellitus and their risk of antepartum depression that were published in journals from inception to 27 December 2019. We derived the summary estimates using a random-effects model and reported the findings as pooled relative risks (RR) and confidence interval (CI). Publication bias was assessed using a funnel plot and was quantified by Egger and Begg’s tests. Ten studies, involving 71,036 pregnant women were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled RR to develop antepartum depression was (RR = 1.430, 95% CI: 1.251–1.636) among women with gestational diabetes mellitus. Combining pregnant women with pre-existing diabetes mellitus and gestational diabetes mellitus, they had a significant increased risk of developing antepartum depression (RR = 1.431, 95% CI: 1.205–1.699) compared with those without it. In comparison, we found no association between pre-existing diabetes mellitus in pregnancy (RR = 1.300, 95% CI: 0.736–2.297) and the risk of developing antepartum depression. This study has a few limitations: first, different questionnaire and cut-off points were used in evaluation of depression across the studies. Second, there was a lack of data on history of depression prior to pregnancy, which lead to confounding bias that could not be solved by this meta-analysis. Third, data were dominated by studies in Western countries; this is due to the studies from Eastern countries failing to meet our inclusion criteria for statistical analysis. Women with gestational diabetes mellitus have an increased risk of developing antepartum depression compared to those without the disease. Therefore, more attention on the mental health status should be given on pregnant women diagnosed with pre-existing diabetes mellitus and gestational diabetes mellitus.
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Kuo, Caroline, Ashleigh LoVette, Dan J. Stein, et al. "Building resilient families: Developing family interventions for preventing adolescent depression and HIV in low resource settings." Transcultural Psychiatry 56, no. 1 (2018): 187–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1363461518799510.
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Depression contributes significantly to the global burden of disease in low- and middle-income countries. In South Africa, individuals may be at elevated risk for depression due to HIV and AIDS, violence, and poverty. For adolescents, resilience-focused prevention strategies have the potential to reduce onset of depression. Involving families in promoting adolescent mental health is developmentally appropriate, but few existing interventions take a family approach to prevention of adolescent depression. We conducted a qualitative investigation from 2013–2015 to inform the development of a family intervention to prevent adolescent depression in South Africa among families infected or at risk for HIV. Using focus groups with adolescents and parents (eight groups, n = 57), and interviews (n = 25) with clinicians, researchers, and others providing mental health and related services, we identified context-specific factors related to risk for family depression, and explored family interactions around mental health more broadly as well as depression specifically. Findings indicate that HIV and poverty are important risk factors for depression. Future interventions must address linguistic complexities in describing and discussing depression, and engage with the social interpretations and meanings placed upon depression in the South African context, including bewitchment and deviations from prescribed social roles. Participants identified family meetings as a context-appropriate prevention strategy. Family meetings offer opportunities to practice family problem solving, involve other family members in communal parenting during periods of parental depression, and serve as forums for building Xhosa-specific interpretations of resilience. This study will guide the development of Our Family Our Future, a resilience-focused family intervention to prevent adolescent depression (ClinicalTrials.gov #NCT02432352).
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Saritha, Ms Somagutta, and Dr Bimla rani. "POST-PARTUM PSYCHOSIS." GENESIS 10, no. 2 (2023): 47–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.47211/tg.2023.v10i02.011.
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Postpartum depression can predispose to chronic or recurrent depression, which may affect the mother-infant relationship and child growth and development. Children of mothers with postpartum depression have greater cognitive, behavioural, and interpersonal problems compared with the children of non-depressed mothers. A meta-analysis in developing countries showed that the children of mothers with postpartum depression are at greater risk of being underweight and stunted. Moreover, mothers who are depressed are more likely not to breastfeed their babies and not seek health care appropriately.
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DeRosa, Dean A. "Trade and Protection in the Asian Developing Region." Asian Development Review 04, no. 01 (1986): 27–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0116110586000027.
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Every period poses new challenges to the world economy. The last decade has been marked by a series of problems that have contributed to reduced growth rates or declines in global economic activity. These problems emerged from a sequence of related events, starting with oligopoly pricing of crude petroleum exports, followed by rapid world inflation, disinflation, and, most recently, high real interest rates and external debt repayment problems of an increasing number of developing countries. These economic developments have given rise to international concern about a new era of protectionism that could well have similar deleterious effects on the world economy as those that contributed to the Great Depression of the 1930s…
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Muñiz, José, Dave Bartram, Arne Evers, et al. "Testing Practices in European Countries." European Journal of Psychological Assessment 17, no. 3 (2001): 201–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027//1015-5759.17.3.201.
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Summary: Tests constitute one of the technological tools most frequently used by psychologists in their professional practice. Like any other scientific technology, tests can be used both in appropriate and inappropriate ways. Currently, various institutions, both national and international, are developing projects and activities aimed at improving testing practices. In Europe, the Task Force on Tests and Testing created by the European Federation of Professional Psychologists' Associations (EFPPA) designed a questionnaire to sample the opinions of professional psychologists about tests and testing in order to help in making the right decisions for improving testing practices in Europe. This paper presents the results obtained using the EFPPA Questionnaire. A sample of 3,455 Spanish, 2,407 English, 2,079 Dutch, 321 Slovenian, 218 Croatian, and 210 Belgian psychologists responded to the questionnaire. In general, European psychologists show a positive attitude toward tests and testing, while at the same time expressing the need for institutions to adopt a more active role in promoting good testing practices. Results show that the tests most frequently used are intelligence tests, personality questionnaires, and depression scales. Finally, the results are analyzed in detail, and some possible measures for improving testing practices in Europe are discussed.
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Chan, Derwin K. C., Xin Zhang, Helene H. Fung, and Martin S. Hagger. "Does emotion and its daily fluctuation correlate with depression? A cross-cultural analysis among six developing countries." Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health 5, no. 1 (2014): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jegh.2014.09.001.
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HUSAIN, N., F. CREED, and B. TOMENSON. "Depression and social stress in Pakistan." Psychological Medicine 30, no. 2 (2000): 395–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291700001707.
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Background. The high prevalence of depression in developing countries is not well understood. This study aimed to replicate the previous finding of a high prevalence of depression in Pakistan and assess in detail the associated social difficulties.Method. A two-phase survey of a general population sample in a Pakistani village was performed. The first-phase screen used the Personal Health Questionnaire (PHQ) and the self-rating questionnaire (SRQ). A one in two sample of high scorers and a one in three sample of the low scorers were interviewed using the Psychiatric Assessment Schedule (PAS) and Life Events and Difficulties Schedule (LEDS).Results. A total of 259 people were screened (96% response rate). The second stage yielded 55 cases, of whom 54 had depressive disorder, and 48 non-cases. The adjusted prevalence of depressive disorders was 44·4% (95% CI 35·3 to 53·6): 25·5% in males and 57·5% in females. Nearly all cases had lasted longer than 1 year. Comparison of the cases and non-cases indicated that cases were less well educated, had more children and experienced more marked, independent chronic difficulties. Multivariate analysis indicated that severe financial and housing difficulties, large number of children and low educational level were particularly closely associated with depression.Conclusion. This study confirms the high prevalence of depressive disorders in Pakistan and suggests that this may be higher than other developing countries because of the high proportion of the population who experience social adversity.
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Moledina, Sibtain M., Khadija M. Bhimji, and Karim P. Manji. "Prevalence and Associated Factors of Depression in an Asian Community in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania." Psychiatry Journal 2018 (2018): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9548471.
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Depression is a common condition in developed countries and is a growing problem in developing countries like Tanzania. Various risk factors have been identified through different studies. This study aimed at finding the prevalence of depression in a predominantly migrant Asian community and the behavioral, familial, social, and medical factors influencing it. A cross-sectional study among adults in a closed Asian community was done. Interviews and self-administered questionnaires were used to obtain details of symptoms and factors related to depression. DSM-IV criteria were used to diagnose depression in the individuals. Factors were assessed for significance using Chi square test. A total 384 participants were interviewed. Depression was found in 6.5% of the population. Risk factors included psychological stress (p<0.001, OR = 6.37, 95% CI = 2.42–16.69) and a family history of depression (p=0.023, OR = 2.57, 95% CI = 1.02–6.42). A sufficient family income was associated with a lower risk of depression (p=0.013, OR = 0.21, 95% CI = 0.06–0.77). The prevalence of depression is within the range of the worldwide prevalence. Past psychological trauma and a family history of depression were significant risk factors, while a sufficient income was protective.
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RAHMAN, A., Z. IQBAL, and R. HARRINGTON. "Life events, social support and depression in childbirth: perspectives from a rural community in the developing world." Psychological Medicine 33, no. 7 (2003): 1161–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291703008286.
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Background. High rates of depression associated with childbirth have been reported in many parts of the developing world. However, the prevalence and associations of antenatal and post-natal depression in the rural population remain unknown. Disability associated with depression and its impact on infant health and development could have important public health implications for many developing countries where large proportions of the population are rural.Method. All women living in southern Kahuta, Pakistan, in their third trimester of pregnancy were interviewed at 6 weeks before delivery (N=632) and again at 10–12 weeks after delivery (N=541), using WHO Schedule for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (SCAN), Personal Information Questionnaire (PIQ) and Brief Disability Questionnaire (BDQ).Results. The point prevalence of ICD-10 depressive disorder was 25% in the antenatal period and 28% in the post-natal period. Depressed mothers were significantly more disabled, had more threatening life events, and poorer social and family support than non-depressed mothers. Vulnerable mothers were more likely to be depressed during pregnancy, rather than have an onset in the post-natal period.Conclusion. Over one-quarter of mothers in a rural sub-district of Pakistan suffer from depression shortly before and after childbirth. Rapidly changing traditional family structures and practices may be increasing the risk of depression in many women. Recognizing and treating depression should be initiated during the antenatal, rather than post-natal period.
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Rosmawatia, Indah, and Mahua Das. "Management of perinatal depression by non-health specialist workers in Indonesia." Journal of Health Technology Assessment in Midwifery 1, no. 1 (2018): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31101/jhtam.444.
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Perinatal depression has become a public health concern because of the burden of the disease for mother and children as well as the community in large. The management of perinatal depression is needed, yet there is a low-resource of mental health specialist in Indonesia. Psychotherapy interventions by non-health specialist workers in some developing countries have shown benefits for perinatal depression. The study aims to analyze the interventions for perinatal depression by non-health specialist workers based on studies from other developing countries. The type of the study is an in-depth study using secondary data. Data were obtained from online databases, including PubMed, Global Health Cochrane Library, PsycINFO and additional search. The total number of studies found was 743, 705 studies were available for assessment after removing the duplicate, 55 abstracts were reviewed, and 42 studies included. A conceptual framework developed by the author was used to guide data collection and analysis. Psychotherapy interventions implemented in Pakistan, Turkey, China, and India were analyzed using Assessment of Applicability and Transferability criteria. The most applicable and transferable interventions for the management of perinatal depression in Indonesia were Cognitive Behavioural Therapy and participatory women group. This study indicates that interventions by non-health specialist workers could reduce the interventions gap for perinatal depression. The stakeholders are recommended to adapt the interventions into a cultural context and integrate it into existing maternal and child health program.
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Shrestha, Sunil, and Subish Palaian. "Respiratory concerns of gabapentin and pregabalin: What does it mean to the pharmacovigilance systems in developing countries?" F1000Research 9 (February 25, 2021): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.21962.2.
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Gabapentin and pregabalin, commonly known as gabapentinoids, have been widely used globally. This paper highlights the serious breathing problems due to using gabapentin and pregabalin which was warned by the United States Food and Drug Administration on December, 2019. In this article, we tried to recommend suggestions for controlling these adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Safety reports of gabapentin and pregabalin should be obtained from concerned manufacturers and reviewed for respiratory depression effects. There should be strict prescription monitoring and drug use evaluation studies. Concurrent use of gabapentin and pregabalin with other respiratory depressants such as opioids should be strictly monitored. Educating patients can help in the early detection of ADRs due to gabapentin and pregabalin. Anecdotal reports on these medications should be encouraged.
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Shrestha, Sunil, and Subish Palaian. "Respiratory concerns of gabapentin and pregabalin: What does it mean to the pharmacovigilance systems in developing countries?" F1000Research 9 (January 22, 2020): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.21962.1.
Full textAbstract:
Gabapentin and pregabalin, commonly known as gabapentinoids, have been widely used globally. This paper highlights the serious breathing problems due to using gabapentin and pregabalin which was warned by the United States Food and Drug Administration on December, 2019. In this article, we tried to recommend suggestions for controlling these adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Safety reports of gabapentin and pregabalin should be obtained from concerned manufacturers and reviewed for respiratory depression effects. There should be strict prescription monitoring and drug use evaluation studies. Concurrent use of gabapentin and pregabalin with other respiratory depressants should be strictly monitored. Educating patients can help in the early detection of ADRs due to gabapentin and pregabalin. Anecdotal reports on these medications should be encouraged.