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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Depth filtration

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Academic literature on the topic 'Depth filtration'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 13 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Depth filtration"

1

Sutherland, Ken. "Depth filtration: Efficient separation processes through depth filtration." Filtration + Separation 48, no. 5 (2011): 12–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0015-1882(11)70195-1.

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Sutherland, Ken. "Filtration overview: A closer look at depth filtration." Filtration & Separation 45, no. 8 (2008): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0015-1882(08)70296-9.

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Wang, Michael. "Single-Use Depth-Filtration System." Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News 32, no. 7 (2012): 42–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/gen.32.7.17.

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Datta, Somalee, and S. Redner. "Gradient clogging in depth filtration." Physical Review E 58, no. 2 (1998): R1203—R1206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreve.58.r1203.

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5

Solt, G. S. "Depth Filtration Assisted by Electrical Fields." Water Science and Technology 27, no. 10 (1993): 95–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0212.

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Depth filtration of liquids is a well established process. Its main drawback is that it does not effectively remove particles smaller than about 2-3 µm diameter, because they do not normally approach near enough to the surface of the medium to become attached to it. A static electrical field overcomes this by promoting electrophoretic movement of the particles. The work has studied particle removal from low conductivity water through fibrous depth filters and has covered a variety of fibres with different physical properties. The results yield a fibre efficiency series, which suggest the relationship between filtration efficiency and the electrical properties of the fibre.

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Caliskaner, Onder, and George Tchobanoglous. "Secondary Effluent Depth Filtration Medium Capacity." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2006, no. 9 (2006): 3341–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864706783751410.

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Polyakov, Yuriy S. "Phenomenological theory of depth membrane filtration." Chemical Engineering Science 62, no. 7 (2007): 1851–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2006.12.025.

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Kao, Sue F., Paul R. Lichter, and David C. Musch. "Anterior Chamber Depth Following Filtration Surgery." Ophthalmic Surgery, Lasers and Imaging Retina 20, no. 5 (1989): 332–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/1542-8877-19890501-08.

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Ekenta, O. E., and B. U. Anyata. "Solid-Liquid Separation Process: Modelling for Design and Development of Gravity Deep-Bed Filters for Water Treatment." Advanced Materials Research 18-19 (June 2007): 563–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.18-19.563.

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This work focuses on the conception and formulation of appropriate filtration models for use by water treatment professionals for design, development and management of deep-bed (depth) filters. Performance and optimization studies were carried out using data (turbidity, filtration rate, head loss) acquired from pilot filter test runs. The curves developed from these studies were utilized for the formulation of steady-state and hydro-dynamic models of depth filtration. An effluent quality model was developed, relating depth of flow in filter bed with effluent turbidity. This model was verified and validated. The depths obtained are in good agreement with standard values from literature.

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Ma, Jia, Terence K. Reid, Onder Caliskaner, Daniel J. Binder, and Matthew Castillo. "Cloth Depth Filtration of Primary Domestic Wastewater." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2015, no. 6 (2015): 3429–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864715819555959.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Depth filtration"

1

Almond, Gregory Thomas Hudson Judith A. "Depth-corrected versus non depth-corrected GFR determination by quantitative renal scintigraphy in the dog." Auburn, Ala, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1653.

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Michen, Benjamin. "Virus removal in ceramic depth filters." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universitaet Bergakademie Freiberg Universitaetsbibliothek "Georgius Agricola", 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:105-qucosa-66644.

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Diese Arbeit untersucht den Einsatz von keramischen Materialien in der Trinkwasseraufbereitung mittels Filtration und fokussiert dabei die Entfernung von Viren. Herkömmliche, auf Kieselgur basierende Tiefenfilter (Filterkerzen) mit Porengrößen im unteren Mikrometerbereich, werden hinsichtlich ihres Rückhaltevermögens gegenüber Kolloiden (Viren sowie Polystyrolpartikel) untersucht, um deren Einsatzfähigkeit in der Entfernung von Mikroorganismen im Allgemeinen abschätzen zu können. Ferner wird gezeigt, wie durch ein einfaches Verfahren solche Filter modifiziert werden können, um auch kleinste Viren mit ca. 30 nm Durchmessern aus dem Rohwasser zu entfernen. Die Zugabe von MgO während der Granulierungsstufe im Herstellungsprozess der Filterkerzen bewirkt eine erhebliche Verbesserung des Virenrückhalts bis zu über 99.9999%. Die experimentellen Ergebnisse wurden dabei mit theoretischen Modellen verglichen, um Aussagen über die Mechanismen der Virenentfernung treffen zu können.

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Mehdizadeh, Seyedeh Neda. "Drop Motion and Modeling of the Saturation within Depth Coalescing Filter." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1607007315571927.

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Aydin, Mehmet Emin. "An investigation into the influence of sand size, bed depth, rates of filtration and temperature on the quality of filtrate from a slow sand filter." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1993. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/7307.

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The objective of this research project was to investigate the influence of the principal design and operational parameters on the quality of the filtrate from a slow sand filter. These parameters are sand effectivc size, depth of sand bed, rate of filtration, water temperature and influent quality. Attempts were then made to establish relationships between the variables employed by means of regression analyses of the experimental data. To carry out the investigation three laboratory scale filter columns were constructed each measuring 150 mm in diameter and 3010 mm height. The filtration medium in each column consisted of a 1.2 m depth of sand on a 0.3 m depth of gravel. For the three individual columns three different sand sizes were employed. These were 0.17 mm effective size (ES), 0.35 mm ES and 0.45 mm ES. Water to be filtered was abstracted from the Burleigh Brook, adjacent to the Civil Engineering laboratories. As required small amounts of settled sewage, obtained from the Loughborough Water Reclamation Works, were added to increase both the turbidity and the count of indicator bacteria. The filters were operated at five different filtration rates at three different temperatures. These temperatures were 25 degrees C, 15 degrees C, 5 degrees C and the filtration rates repeated for each temperature were 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 m/h. The filters were operated for not less than one month at each filtration rate. In order to assess the efficiency of the filters water samples were taken and analysed from the influent and from the filtrate and also from a series of sampling taps positioned at various depth down the sand media. These water samples were tested for total coliform bacteria, for faecal coliform bacteria, suspended solids and turbidity. Regression analyses were then carried out on the data obtained and regression models were developped for 100 mm and 1200 mm sand depths of each filter for each period. Occasional tests (i. e. at least once for each flow rate) were also carried out for nitrate and ammoniacal nitrogen, colour, pH, conductivity, total organic carbon (TOC) and dissolved oxygen. Following the completion of the filtration operation at three temperatures and five filtration rates the sands of the filtration media were also examined. Sand samples were taken for examination from 0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 300, 400, 600, 800, 1000 and 1200 mm below the sand surface of each filter. Then in order to assess both the penetration of the removed solids into the filter bed and to investigate the concentration of the biological film developed within the sand bed, sand samples were analysed for suspended solids, turbidity, standard plate count bacteria and particulate organic carbon. Regression analyses were also carried out on these data and variation of each parameter against each filter bed was modelled. The solid and biological deposits on the sand samples were also viewed with a Scanning Electron Microscope.

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Robbins, Steven C. "Distribution of Colloidal Material in Activated Sludge as Influenced by Cations." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/45540.

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Activated sludge influent and effluent from five municipal wastewater treatment plants were analyzed to further elucidate the roles of aluminum, iron, and the monovalent to divalent cation ratio (M/D) on the influent and effluent characteristics of the systems. The size distribution of organic nitrogen, organic carbon, protein, humic acid, and polysaccharide was examined with respect to the concentration of cations in the activated sludge influent. It was found that the majority of organic nitrogen, organic carbon, protein and polysaccharides were found in material larger than 0.45Î¼m in activated sludge influent. Humic acids were mostly found in material smaller than 0.45Î¼m. Protein was the largest contributor to organic nitrogen and humic acids were the largest contributor to organic carbon. Using 0.45Î¼m as a division between particulate and soluble material, the ratio of soluble to particulate material in activated sludge influent was found to be negatively correlated with the ratio of iron to aluminum. In activated sludge effluent, the majority of the organic nitrogen and protein was found in material larger than 0.45Î¼m, while the majority of the organic carbon, humic acid, and polysaccharide were found in material smaller than 30kDa. Influent aluminum concentration had no observable effect on the concentration or distribution of organic nitrogen or organic carbon. Influent iron appeared to play a role in the flocculation of organic nitrogen and protein containing material between 0.45Î¼m and 1kDa in size. A high monovalent to divalent cation ratio appeared to play a role in deflocculating organic nitrogen containing material larger than 1.5Î¼m and increased the concentration of TOC smaller than 1kDa and the total polysaccharide concentration. Tertiary depth filtration removed all organic nitrogen and protein in material larger than 0.45Î¼m, but a poor job of removing organic carbon from and an inconsistent job of removing polysaccharide from effluent Eight lab-scale activated sludge reactors were also run, but the data was not consistent enough for analysis and comparison with the municipal wastewater treatment plants. This thesis contains a series of four papers that each deal with a different aspect of the role of cations on activated sludge influent and effluent. The first paper focuses on activated sludge influent characteristics, the second on effluent organic nitrogen and organic carbon, the third on effluent EPS, and the last on the lab-scale reactors. The papers were divided in this way because of the unique analytical obstacles that were encountered with each set of data.<br>Master of Science

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Marangoni, Federico. "Filter cleaning with liquid droplets." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017.

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L’obiettivo del lavoro svolto è quello di identificare una modalità economica ed applicabile per la pulizia e rigenerazione di filtri di profondità, in particolare nella filtrazione di solidi da correnti gassose. Si ha attualmente mancanza di un tale metodo, che consentirebbe di poter rigenerare il filtro senza che debba essere necessariamente sostituito. Il lavoro consiste in un approccio sperimentale che studia una singola fibra impolverata da particelle solide. Sono stati proposti dei modelli che descrivono le interazioni tra particella, fibra e liquido. Da questo è stato ricavato un criterio teorico per determinare la riuscita o meno della rimozione di una singola particella solida adesa ad una fibra posta verticalmente e sottoposta al passaggio di un film di liquido con un determinato spessore. L’apparato sperimentale predisposto permette il fissaggio della fibra, sulla quale vengono fatte scorrere le gocce del liquido di pulizia. Tali gocce sono osservate nella discesa con una fotocamera ad alta frequenza. L'appartato sperimentale ha permesso di variare i principali parametri sperimentali e di testare diverse combinazioni fibra-particelle. Il parametro chiave nella pulizia è stato individuato nella forza di adesione, dipendente dal liquido utilizzato per la pulizia. Dal punto di vista geometrico, la geometria più affine alla pulizia si è rivelata la geometria cilindrica di piccolo diametro a sfavore di una geometria planare. L’utilizzo di gocce di liquido più grandi e l’uso di un numero elevato di gocce permette di migliorare il livello di pulizia: entrambi i fattori possono restituire un vantaggio nella pulizia ma si contrappongono al costo materiale del liquido. Nel complesso, la metodologia di pulizia proposta si è rivelata promettente, con ampie possibilità di essere estesa a filtri industriali.

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Duncan, Carla S. "Wastewater renovation with soil depth as influenced by additional treatment of septic tank effluent." Thesis, This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-10312009-020406/.

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Heuzeroth, Fabian. "Modelluntersuchungen zu Filtrationsmechanismen in keramischen Schaumfiltern." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universitaet Bergakademie Freiberg Universitaetsbibliothek "Georgius Agricola", 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:105-qucosa-220000.

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Die eingereichte Arbeit ist ein Beitrag, um das Verständnis der Filtration von metallischen Schmelzen für hochwertige Gussprodukte zu erhöhen. Anhand theoretischer und experimenteller Betrachtungen wird besonders die Benetzung zwischen der kontinuierlichen und der dispersen Phase als Einflussfaktor auf Tiefenfiltrationsprozesse untersucht. Rasterkraftmikroskopische Messungen verdeutlichen die Bedeutung der Benetzung auf die Adhäsionsenergie zwischen zwei Feststoffoberflächen. Durch ein entwickeltes Modellsystem konnte bewiesen werden, dass mit steigendem Kontaktwinkel zwischen disperser und kontinuierlicher Phase die Filtrationseffizienz signifikant ansteigt. Aufgrund der wirkenden Haftmechanismen im getesteten Benetzungssystem können sich dendritische Abscheidestrukturen ausbilden, die zur Redispergierung neigen. Ergänzt um eine numerische Simulation am Einzelkollektor, konnte ein Abscheidemodell entwickelt werden. Dieses berücksichtigt erstmals reale Haftenergieverteilungen, simulierte Aufprallenergieverteilungen und die hydrodynamische Hemmung als relevante Parameter für die Tiefenfiltration.

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Maciel, Tuanny da Silva. "Coeficientes de Hilbert e profundidade de anéis graduados associados." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2014. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/7446.

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Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-15T11:46:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 776829 bytes, checksum: 5e5618b1edaa3e5c19d7d38daebb104e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-20<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES<br>Our goal in this work is to present beautiful results due to Huckaba-Marley concerning the Hilbert coefficients of an ideal of finite co-length in a Cohen-Macaulay local ring, as well as the depth of its associated graded ring. For this end, we employ the Huckaba- Marley complex, which is a fundamental tool for the obtainment of the main theorem discussed herein.<br>Nosso objetivo neste trabalho é apresentar os belos resultados de Huckaba-Marley sobre os coeficientes de Hilbert de um ideal de co-comprimento nito em um anel local Cohen-Macaulay, bem como a profundidade do seu anel graduado associado. Para tal, aplicamos o complexo de Huckaba-Marley, ferramenta fundamental na obtenção do teorema principal aqui discutido.

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Åkerblom, Axel. "Biomarkers of Renal Function in Acute Coronary Syndromes." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Kardiologi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-197852.

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The thesis aimed to investigate cystatin C and creatinine-based estimates of glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), both at admission and during follow-up, on the combined endpoint of cardiovascular death and myocardial infarction in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). We also evaluated two cystatin C assays and assessed genetic determinants of cystatin C concentrations. We used the PLATelet inhibition and Patient Outcomes study, where all types of ACS patients (n=18624) were randomized to ticagrelor or clopidogrel treatment. Multivariable Cox regression models, including clinical variables and biomarkers (troponin and NT-proBNP), and c-statistics were calculated. Cystatin C and the creatinine-based CKD-EPI equation exhibited similar significant prognostic impact on the combined endpoint, with Area Under Curves (AUC) 0.6923 and 0.6941, respectively. Follow-up samples of renal biomarkers did not improve risk prediction. Patients randomized to ticagrelor treatment were associated with a non-sustained larger increase in renal markers at discharge, but neither the change nor the difference between the randomized groups affected cardiovascular risk. Two different cystatin C assays exhibited good correlation 0.86 (95% confidence interval 0.85-0.86), however moderate level of agreement. Risk prediction with a combination of creatinine and cystatin C did not outperform the creatinine-based CKD-EPI equation, AUC: 0.6913 and 0.6924, respectively (n=13050). The genetic polymorphism rs6048952 independently affected the cystatin C concentration with mean levels of 0.85mg/L, 0.80mg/L and 0.73mg/L for the A/A, A/G, and G/G genotypes, respectively. The genetic polymorphism did not affect outcome overall, however in the non-ST-elevation ACS subgroup a signal that genetic polymorphism may be associated with cardiovascular death was observed (p=0.002). In conclusion: cystatin C or eGFR, irrespective of equation or assay, are important cardiovascular risk factors in ACS patients. Nonetheless, the incremental value of adding any renal variable, to a multivariable risk model, is small. Further research on the impact of cystatin C genetic polymorphism is warranted.<br><p>PhD, i medicin.</p>

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Books on the topic "Depth filtration"

1

Osterroth, Sebastian. Mathematical Models for the Simulation of Combined Depth and Cake Filtration Processes. Fraunhofer IRB Verlag, 2018.

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2

Kriz, Wilhelm. Podocyte loss as a common pathway to chronic kidney disease. Edited by David J. Goldsmith. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0139.

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Experimental studies show that podocyte death first causes focal scars, but beyond approximately 40% loss is lethal to a glomerulus. Podocytes have limited ability to regenerate, although some degree of replacement may occur from stem cells located near the urinary pole of Bowman’s capsule. It is not yet known whether this plays a significant part in ameliorating damage in disease processes. In one interpretation, foot process effacement may be seen as an adaptation by the podocyte to remain attached to the glomerular basement membrane after injury, at the expense of proteinuria. Podocyte dysfunction is closely associated with proteinuria, which in turn is strongly associated with progressive loss of glomerular filtration rate. Continuing podocyte damage and loss could therefore account for progressive renal disease. In this hypothesis, drugs that protect against progression of renal disease may have their primary protective effects on podocytes themselves, rather than or as well as on haemodynamic factors or on fibrotic processes.

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Goligorsky, Michael S., Julien Maizel, Radovan Vasko, May M. Rabadi, and Brian B. Ratliff. Pathophysiology of acute kidney injury. Edited by Norbert Lameire. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0221.

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In the intricate maze of proposed mechanisms, modifiers, modulators, and sensitizers for acute kidney injury (AKI) and diverse causes inducing it, this chapter focuses on several common and undisputable strands which do exist.Structurally, the loss of the brush border, desquamation of tubular epithelial cells, and obstruction of the tubular lumen are commonly observed, albeit to various degrees. These morphologic hallmarks of AKI are accompanied by functional defects, most consistently reflected in the decreased glomerular filtration rate and variable degree of reduction in renal blood flow, accompanied by changes in the microcirculation. Although all renal resident cells participate in AKI, the brunt falls on the epithelial and endothelial cells, the fact that underlies the development of tubular epithelial and vascular compromise.This chapter further summarizes the involvement of several cell organelles in AKI: mitochondrial involvement in perturbed energy metabolism, lysosomal involvement in degradation of misfolded proteins and damaged organelles, and peroxisomal involvement in the regulation of oxidative stress and metabolism, all of which become defective. Common molecular pathways are engaged in cellular stress response and their roles in cell death or survival. The diverse families of nephrotoxic medications and the respective mechanisms they induce AKI are discussed. The mechanisms of action of some nephrotoxins are analysed, and also of the preventive therapies of ischaemic or pharmacologic pre-conditioning.An emerging concept of the systemic inflammatory response triggered by AKI, which can potentially aggravate the local injury or tend to facilitate the repair of the kidney, is presented. Rational therapeutic strategies should be based on these well-established pathophysiological hallmarks of AKI.

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Waldek, Stephen. Fabry disease. Edited by Neil Turner. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0338_update_001.

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Fabry disease is a rare X-linked lysosomal storage disorder in which deficiency of alpha-galactosidase A leads to accumulation of substrate, mostly globotriaosylceramide (Gb3), which causes a progressive, multiorgan disease affecting predominantly the kidneys, skin, heart, and nervous system. Painful peripheral (‘acral’) neuropathy is characteristic. Proteinuria and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) are strongly associated with risk of progression, but this may be reduced by treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors as well as by enzyme replacement therapy (ERT). ERT was approved in 2001; it improves pain and other neuropathic symptoms, and well-being, and has been proven to clear deposits of Gb3 from tissues, at variable speeds. There is limited randomized controlled trial data but protective effects have been proven for renal outcomes, death, and better outcomes in some other organ systems. Renal function may be protected if ERT is commenced before there is heavy proteinuria or substantial loss of GFR. It is recommended to start ERT as soon as the diagnosis is made in those with very low or absent enzyme. For those with intermediate levels it is recommended to commence treatment only when signs or symptoms appear. Proteinuria and eGFR give most information from a renal point of view, but renal biopsy is also useful for confirming the renal diagnosis and staging the disease as well as monitoring progress in selected cases. Management should include regular screening for complications including myocardial and neurological assessments. It is likely that registries will show progressive rises in median survival with this condition.

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Jardine, Alan G., and Rajan K. Patel. Lipid disorders of patients with chronic kidney disease. Edited by David J. Goldsmith. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0102.

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The risk of developing cardiovascular (CV) disease is increased in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and although dyslipidaemia is a major contributory factor to the development of premature CV disease, the relationship is complex. Changes in lipid fractions are related to glomerular filtration rate and the presence and severity of proteinuria, diabetes, and other confounding factors. The spectrum of CV disease changes from lipid-dependent, atheromatous coronary disease in early CKD to lipid-independent, non-coronary disease, manifesting as heart failure, and sudden cardiac death in advanced and end-stage renal disease. Statin-based lipid-lowering therapy is proven to reduce coronary events across the spectrum of CKD. The relative reduction in overall CV events, however, diminishes as CKD progresses and the proportion of lipid-dependent coronary events declines. There is nevertheless a strong argument for the use of statin-based therapy across the spectrum of CKD. The argument is particularly strong for those patients with progressive renal disease who will eventually require transplantation, in whom preventive therapy should start as early as possible. The SHARP study established the benefits and endorses the use of lipid-lowering therapy in CKD 3-4 but uncertainty about the value of initiation of statin therapy in CKD 5 remains. There is, however, no rationale for stopping agents started earlier in the course of the illness for compelling indications, particularly in those who will ultimately be transplanted. The place of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol raising and triglyceride lowering therapy needs to be assessed in trials. Modifying dyslipidaemia in CKD has demonstrated that lipid-dependent atheromatous cardiovascular disease is only one component of the burden of CV disease in CKD patients, that this is proportionately less in advanced CKD, and that modification of lipid profiles is only one part of CV risk management.

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Book chapters on the topic "Depth filtration"

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Chrapek, David, Vitezslav Beran, and Pavel Zemcik. "Depth-Based Filtration for Tracking Boost." In Advanced Concepts for Intelligent Vision Systems. Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25903-1_19.

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Zarzuela, S., and T. Cortadellas. "Depth Formulas For Certain Graded Modules Associated To A Filtration." In Geometric And Combinatorial Aspects Of Commutative Algebra. CRC Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203908013.ch12.

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Kaufman, Claire S., Keith B. Quencer, and John A. Kaufman. "IVC Embryology and Anatomy." In Interventional Radiology, edited by Bradley B. Pua, Anne M. Covey, and David C. Madoff. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190276249.003.0021.

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As the largest venous structure in the body, the inferior vena cava (IVC) acts as a central conduit in many interventional radiology (IR) procedures. It originates from the regression of three paired embryonic veins in the developing embryo. Given the complex embryology of the IVC, it is not surprising that many anomalies occur. The first portion of this chapter provides an overview of the anatomy and embryology of the IVC to frame subsequent discussions later in the chapter on the anomalies and various pathologies that an interventional radiologist may encounter. An in-depth discussion on IVC filtration is also included.

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Rojas Alvarez, Eduardo. "Cornea Confocal Microscopy: Utilities and Perspectives." In Biomedical Signal and Image Processing. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96272.

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The cornea is the ocular refractive medium with the greatest refractive power of the eye. The study of it is of vital importance for the diagnosis and follow-up of ophthalmological diseases with the aim of achieving high standards of visual acuity in our patients. Confocal microscopy of the cornea allows in-depth study of it, quickly, safely, painlessly, obtaining high-resolution images of the corneal sublayers. This chapter summarizes the procedure for performing corneal confocal microscopy, the normal characteristics of the tissue with real images of our patients, as well as a brief explanation of the main applications of this technology in the study of corneal dystrophies (keratoconus), in refractive surgery, corneal transplantation, infectious keratitis, glaucoma filtration bulla, among other topics.

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Segerer, Stephan, and Harald Seeger. "Epidemiology and chronic kidney disease as a cardiovascular risk factor." In ESC CardioMed, edited by Christoph Wanner. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198784906.003.0235.

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Chronic kidney disease defined by an estimated glomerular filtration rate of less than 60 mL/min or the presence of albuminuria is present in about 10% of the European populations. The risk increases with age, arterial hypertension, and diabetes. Both aspects—reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate, and albuminuria—are major factors associated with the progression of renal failure, cardiovascular events, and all-cause mortality. Patients on dialysis have a 10- to 20-fold increase in the cardiovascular event rate. Furthermore, heart failure and sudden cardiac death are associated with the severity of renal failure.

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Patrianakos, Thomas. "Management of Surgical Complications." In Glaucoma. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199757084.003.0018.

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•Glaucoma filtration surgery (GFS) has been associated with higher long-term failure rates and a substantially higher risk profile than most other ophthalmic surgeries. •Identifying and properly managing complications associated with GFS is essential in ensuring the best possible outcome. •Infection is a devastating complication of GFS that must be considered in a separate category (please see Chapter 7 for blebitis and bleb-related endophthalmitis). •Complications unique to glaucoma drainage devices (GDD; see Chapter 12) will be discussed at the end of the chapter. •One simple way to diagnose a complication resulting from GFS is to subcategorize possibilities according to the IOP and anterior chamber (AC) depth. •Table 13.1 shows the four potential outcomes after GFS, and the text below provides additional details about each potential complication. •Usually occurs in the first few months after surgery. •The most common complication of trabeculectomy. •Due to progressive episcleral fibrosis and blockage under the scleral flap. •Incidence has decreased due to intraoperative use of antifibrotics. •Bleb appears constricted, shallow, or flat with increased vascularity and loss of microcysts. •Negative Seidel test. •Gonioscopy reveals an open sclerostomy site, which is essential to differentiate from an inadequate fistula or fistula blockage from iris, blood, fibrin, or vitreous. •Anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) and ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) may reveal adherence of Tenon’s capsule and conjunctiva to underlying sclera. •Approached in a stepwise fashion. • Decreases rate of episcleral fibrosis in hopes of rescuing the function of the bleb.•Prednisolone acetate 1% every 2 hours for first 1 to 2 weeks, then taper slowly over 2 to 3 months. •Administered if early signs of bleb failure/episcleral fibrosis are present. •Technique •Instill topical anesthesia followed by direct application of a cottontipped pledget approximately 90 to 180 degrees away from the bleb. •Use a 30-gauge needle on a tuberculin syringe to inject 5 mg (0.1 cc) of undiluted 5-fluorouracil (5-FU; available in a concentration of 50 ug/mL) under the conjunctiva at the anesthetized site. •Avoid areas of bleb elevation and areas that show increased conjunctival vascularity.

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Mueller, Thomas F., and Valerie Luyckx. "Causes of death in renal disease." In ESC CardioMed, edited by Christoph Wanner. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198784906.003.0236.

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Chronic kidney disease (CKD) encompasses a spectrum of diseases that are identified by a glomerular filtration rate below 90 mL/min/1.73m<sup>2</sup> or the presence of proteinuria, or both of these, persisting for over 3 months. In population-based studies, mortality in patients with CKD is consistently several-fold higher than that in patients without CKD, and the risk increases as the severity of renal function worsens. Mortality risk is, not surprisingly, highest among those with end-stage kidney disease. In developed countries, patients with CKD and end-stage kidney disease do not die of renal disease, but die primarily of non-renal causes, the relative proportions of which change across the spectrum of renal function. In the early stages of CKD, malignancy tends to be the predominant case of death; however, as renal function worsens, the proportion of deaths related to cardiovascular disease increases. Coronary artery disease contributes to most cardiac deaths in those with milder CKD. The proportions of cardiac and overall deaths from heart failure and sudden cardiac death increase progressively as renal function declines. Sudden cardiac death is a major cause of death among patients with end-stage kidney disease. Multiple factors including underlying coronary artery disease, left ventricular hypertrophy, valvular heart disease, arrhythmias, volume and electrolyte abnormalities, uraemia, and inflammation all likely contribute to the increased risk of cardiovascular death. Much work is needed to understand the pathophysiology and develop strategies to prevent cardiovascular deaths especially in the CKD population.

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Nijst, Petra, and Wilfried Mullens. "Device therapy in chronic kidney disease (implantable cardioverter defibrillator, cardiac resynchronization therapy)." In ESC CardioMed, edited by Christoph Wanner. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198784906.003.0240.

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Heart failure and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are frequent co-morbid conditions, and represent two challenging and costly diseases for individuals and societies. CKD has a prevalence up to 55% in patients with heart failure, with a significantly higher risk for arrhythmias, sudden cardiac death, hospitalization, and mortality. Cardiac implantable devices such as implantable cardioverter defibrillators and cardiac resynchronization therapy are treatments proven to have a significant benefit on clinical outcomes in selected patients with heart failure. However, due to the high risk of non-cardiac death and substantial other co-morbidities in patients with CKD, the benefit of cardiac implantable devices may be attenuated. Furthermore, device-related complications are far more frequent in patients with CKD and relate to the patient’s clinical status and co-morbidities. Renal dysfunction, particularly severe CKD (glomerular filtration rate <30 mL/min/1.73 m<sup>2</sup>) and end-stage CKD (with the necessity of dialysis or kidney transplantation), is associated with major complications including bleeding, infection, device/lead dysfunction, and vascular complications. Specific data and guidelines in this population are lacking due to the fact that CKD is a frequent exclusion criterion in most randomized clinical trials. Decisions for implantation and follow-up should be performed on an individual basis, taking into account individual risk/benefit ratios and done by a multidisciplinary team including a nephrologist and cardiologist.

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Hutchison, Alastair. "Chronic kidney disease." In Oxford Textbook of Medicine, edited by John D. Firth. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198746690.003.0478.

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Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined as kidney damage lasting for more than 3 months characterized by structural or functional abnormalities of the kidney, with or without decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR). CKD has been subdivided into six stages depending on the estimated GFR (eGFR) and degree of proteinuria: CKD stage 1 is eGFR greater than 90 ml/min (per 1.73 m<sup>2</sup>) with other evidence of renal disease; CKD stage 2 is eGFR 60 to 89 ml/min, with other evidence of renal disease; CKD stage 3a is eGFR 45 to 59 ml/min; CKD stage 3b is eGFR 30 to 44 ml/min; CKD stage 4 is eGFR 15 to 29 ml/min; and CKD stage 5 is eGFR less than 15 ml/min. At each stage the CKD is further categorized according to the degree of proteinuria based on the albumin:creatinine ratio (ACR), from A1 (no increase in protein excretion) to A3 (severe proteinuria). The eGFR is least accurate when the serum creatinine is within or near the normal range. Mild CKD is common, with about 10% of the population of the United States of America having CKD stage 1, 2, or 3 (combined), but advanced CKD is relatively rare (about 0.2% are receiving renal replacement therapy). Patients with CKD stage 1, 2, or 3 are at relatively low risk of progressing to require renal replacement therapy, but are at high risk of death from cardiovascular disease. This chapter discusses the definition, aetiology, and pathophysiology of CKD, followed by sections on the prevention of progression, medical management of the consequences of CKD (including diet, CKD mineral and bone disorders, advanced hyperparathyroidism, and anaemia), and preparation for renal replacement therapy or conservative management of uraemia.

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Dalton, David R. "Finishing the Wine." In The Chemistry of Wine. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190687199.003.0030.

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The end of fermentation, signaled by density measurements, the alcohol-driven death of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain that was used, the cessation of evolution of carbon dioxide, and the generally accepted passage of the several weeks over which time the fermentation has been permitted to extend, is followed by the previously discussed (Chapter 16) process of racking. The racking, as noted earlier, will separate most of the precipitated solids that are present or have developed during the fermentation process (e.g., accumulated seed and twig pieces not previously removed, insoluble carboxylic acid salts, dead yeast cells, and other solids [the lees]) from the fermented juice. But the wine may not yet be clear. Indeed, the wine may need racking once or twice more for clarification before a final filtration to produce the appropriate bright and clear beverage-quality wine. The last, or even a penultimate racking, might be done into an oaken vessel and should be done into oak if a red wine is being finished (European or American oaks are commonly used, but with different results, vide infra). However, it is important that regardless of the color of the wine each racking operation be done as carefully as possible to exclude transfer of solids and oxygen. At this stage of finishing, the oxygen will probably not be utilized in biochemical processes, barring the presence of microbial life, and normal oxidation of phenols and alcohols in the wine will have been inhibited by the presence of carbon dioxide (which replaced the oxygen in the solution during fermentation). Thus, if oxygen is introduced, it is likely that unwanted oxidation products might form. The final racking for white wines (excluding Champagne, other “sparkling” wines, and some specialty beverages to be considered later) is generally carried out so that the beverage can rest for a few months (often with cooling to inhibit deleterious processes occurring as a result of aging) before filtering and bottling.

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Conference papers on the topic "Depth filtration"

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Schroth, Thomas, Antje Rudolph, and Carl Freudenberg. "Newly Developed Filter Products for Gas Turbine Intake Air Filtration." In ASME 1996 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/96-gt-517.

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The newly developed depth-loading filter types MaxiPleat filter and depth-loading filter cartridge offer gas turbine users numerous advantages in terms of clean air quality in the combustion air, cost-efficiency due to favourable pressure drop, long life and high functional reliability over the entire operating period. The MaxiPleat filters fitted with a paper-like filter medium are produced by using the patented thermal embossing process, distinctive for its solution to the spacing problem. Without using any foreign materials as separators, depths of 250 mm can be achieved in pleating, with V-shaped, flow-optimized pleat geometries. This ensures low pressure drops and high dust holding capacities. The depth-loading filter cartridge is intended as a replacement filter for surface-loading filter cartridges given unsatisfactory results. A conventional pulse-jet system can be converted to a depth-loading filter without any expensive modification. The depth-loading filter cartridge extends substantially the useful life of the filters and significantly improves the pressure drop characteristics, especially when sticky dusts and high humidity locations are involved.

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Hosseini, Seyed Abolhassan, Morteza Roostaei, Farshad Mohammadtabar, et al. "Hybrid Sand Control Screen Using the Combined Surface and Depth Filtration." In SPE Western Regional Meeting. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/200830-ms.

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Abstract Development of weakly and unconsolidated sand reservoirs require effective sand control media to prevent sand production. The existing sand control devices in the market are either relying on surface filtration to prevent sand production through size exclusion or bridging or depth filtration which relies on the pore size distribution of a porous filter or pack to prevent the sand from producing along the production fluids. In this study, we introduce a new hybrid sand screen that works based on a combined surface and depth filtration. Radial Sand Control Evaluation (RSCE) testing facility was used to compare the solid production and flow performance of the new hybrid screen with various mesh media in multi-phase gas and liquid flow under various fluid injection scenarios. Solid production and flow performance were compared with investigated cases. The new hybrid screen provides an optimized Open to Flow Area (OFA) in comparison to available surface filtration or depth filtration media, which provides required OFA, while prevents sanding. The robust design, low cost and manufacturing ease make it a suitable screen media for most sand control applications. The sand retention test results under various fluid injection scenarios including multi-phase oil, brine, and gas show that it outperforms the Dutch Twill (DT) weave and Reverse Dutch Twill (RDT) weave of equivalent aperture size, with better flow performance at constant flow rate tests compare to best-performing mesh media, while keeping the produced sand far below the acceptable thresholds. Hybrid design handles both high velocity and high Gas-Oil Ratio (GOR) better than equivalent depth filtration media of equivalent size. This paper presents a detailed characterization, flow performance testing of a new hybrid sand control media that combines the surface filtration and depth filtration properties to achieve better solid retention and flow performance. The hybrid screen media is suitable for high-rate producers with high GOR. Keywords: Hybrid Screen, Surface Filtration, Depth Filtration, Radial Sand Control Evaluation (RSCE) Testing

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Zitha, Pacelli L. J. "In-Depth Filtration of Macromolecules Induced by Bridging Adsorption in Porous Media." In SPE European Formation Damage Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/68980-ms.

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Schonfeld, Justin, and Daniel Ashlock. "Filtration and Depth Annotation Improve Non-linear Projection for RNA Motif Discovery." In 2006 IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence and Bioinformatics and Computational Biology. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cibcb.2006.330957.

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Hosseini, Seyed Abolhassan, Morteza Roostaei, Mahdi Mahmoudi, Ahmad Alkouh, and Vahidoddin Fattahpour. "Development of the Hybrid Sand Control Screen for Surface Size Exclusion and Depth Filtration Media." In SPE Kuwait Oil & Gas Show and Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/198056-ms.

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Wang, Yujun, Paul Folino, Rakesh K. Singh, et al. "Modeling of Sintered Metal Fiber Diesel Particulate Filter Wall Permeability Based on 3D Digital Structure From CT-Scan." In ASME 2015 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2015-1170.

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Sintered metal fiber (SMF) diesel particulate filters (DPF) systems efficiently remove particulate matter (PM) emission from diesel engine exhaust with low flow resistance. The permeability of DPF filtration media is the key property determining DPF fuel penalty to the engine. To advance the understanding and optimization of SMF filtration media, a general model to compute SMF media permeability based on 3D digital structure from computed tomography scan (CT-Scan) is developed in this study. An open source computational fluid dynamics (CFD) tool, OpenFOAM, is used to calculate the SMF porous media permeability. The media samples computation domain is approximately 0.9mmx0.9mmx1.8mm (depth) and one hour is needed for each simulation with 8–9 million mesh cells. The study reveals variations of permeability among different SMF media samples. The computed permeability from the 3D simulation has a good agreement with experiment data and achieves a much better accuracy than previous analytical models. In addition, through this study, a significant amount of in-depth information of flow field across the porous media is obtained, which is beneficial to improve the understanding of DPF fibrous media and builds the foundation for more advanced filtration model development.

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Mehboob, Khurram, Kwangheon Park, Rehan Khan, Majid Ali, and Raheel Ahmed. "Kinetic Study of Containment Retention Factor (CRF) for Large Dry Containment Under Radiation Load." In 2014 22nd International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone22-30194.

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The Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs) have been built on the concept of Defense in depth. The severe accident causes the failure of fission product barriers and let the fission products to escape into environment. The containment is the last barrier to the fission products. Thus, the containment is installed with engineering safety features (ESFs) i.e. spray system, heat removal system, recirculation filtration system; containment filtered venting system (CFVS), and containment exhaust filtration system. In this work, kinetic study of the containment retention factor (CRF) has been carried out for a large dry PWR containment considering 1000 MWe PWR. The computational modeling and simulation have been carried out by developing a kinetic code in MATLAB, which uses the fractions of activity airborne into the containment after the accident. The Kinetic dependency of CRF on containment filtration systems, spray system with caustic and boric acid spray has been carried out. For noble gases, iodine and aerosols, the CRF increases with the increase in exhaust rate. While, CRF for iodine first increases then start reducing with containment spray flow rate. The Kinetic dependency of CRF has also been studied for boric and caustic spray.

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Schroth, Thomas, and Michele Cagna. "Economical Benefits of Highly Efficient Three-Stage Intake Air Filtration for Gas Turbines." In ASME Turbo Expo 2008: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2008-50280.

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In recent years, users and OEMs of gas turbines are focusing more and more on the quality of the combustion air, since turbo machines have become more sensitive to fouling of the compressor blades. High-quality air filters are able to reduce the fouling on the blades and enable stable power output P and efficiency η. Continuous development of filter media and filter construction have improved the filter performance in the past. Will there be further steps towards even better air filtration for gas turbines or has the development reached a plateau? The answer to this question can be found in an economic analysis taking into account a reduction of fouling due to better combustion air quality on the one hand and higher investment costs and higher pressure drop in the air intake on the other hand. The evaluations and calculations are accomplished at so-called static filter systems where air filters with depth loading characteristics are used. With static filter systems several steps of filtration are arranged in a sequence and therefore the examined upgrades of the filtration efficiencies can be implemented relatively easy so that the effect could be studied. A comparison of two- and three-stage filter systems for intake air filtration at gas turbines produces important findings regarding the most operationally cost-efficient filter sequence overall. The upgrade of the air intake system on the one hand resulted in an increased static pressure loss in the air intake causing reduced turbine efficiency and less power output. On the other hand at the same time the soiling of the blades mainly in the compressor section (compressor fouling) is lowered and as a consequence efficiency and power output are enhanced. The effects of a higher pressure drop entailed by three-stage filtration are compared with those arising from reduced soiling on the blades. In the cases examined, including case studies from actual operation, definite advantages are found for three-stage filtration with the filter sequence F6-F9-H11 in conformity with EN 779 and EN 1822. Even the modification costs for installing another filter stage can be amortized in what will sometimes be significantly less than two years.

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Pranghofer, Gernot G. "Control of Fine Particulate Matter by Means of High Efficiency ePTFE Membrane Filter Laminates." In 17th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec17-2303.

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The COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION has enacted laws to improve the quality of the ambient air: The “COUNCIL DIRECTIVE 1999/30/EC of 22 April 1999 relating to limit values for sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and oxides of nitrogen, particulate matter and lead in ambient air” and the “DIRECTIVE 2008/50/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 21 May 2008 on ambient air quality and cleaner air for Europe”. The Member States had to bring into force the laws, regulations and administrative provisions necessary to comply with these Directives. These Directives are raising the expectations on the reduction of fine particulate matter on the potential emitters, mainly public traffic, industry and waste-to-energy (WtE) plants. Although there is currently no European regulation on stack emissions of fine particulate matter, local regulatory authorities have tightened the emission limits of total particulate matter. For example, quite a number of Italian WtE plants are expected to meet dust emission levels of less than 2 mg/m3. In order to assure compliance strong efforts and large investments have been made to optimize the efficiency of their APC system. Different dust filtration technologies will be compared and the filtration principles of depth filtration and surface filtration will be detailed. A comparison of an experimental study and the practical performance of the different technologies are discussed. Special focus will be given to the development and application of High Efficiency Membrane Filter Laminates for retention of fine particulate matter. These filter materials consist of micro-porous expanded PolyTetraFluoroEthylene (ePTFE) membranes laminated onto suitable backing materials, retention rates of > 99.99% of PM2.5 have been achieved. A number of large European WtE plants have already completed their APC upgrades by using the High Efficiency Membrane Filter Laminates. Some of them are on operation for a couple of years, performance reviews will be detailed.

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Kayukova, Galina. "PECULIARITIES OF CHANGING THE TECHNOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF HEAVY OILS OF THE PERMIAN AGE DEPOSITS OF TATARSTAN FROM THE DEPTH OF THEIR LAYING, THE CAPACITY-FILTRATION PROPERTIES OF BREW COLLECTORS AND THEIR OIL-GENERATION POTENTIAL." In 18th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2018. Stef92 Technology, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2018/1.4/s06.088.

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Reports on the topic "Depth filtration"

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In-depth survey report: evaluation of ventilation and filtration system for LMDS and DPRC at United States Postal Service Processing and Distribution Center, Cincinnati, Ohio. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.26616/nioshephb27921a.

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In-depth survey report: evaluation of ventilation/filtration system for the 010 culling system at United States Postal Service, Cleveland Processing and Distribution Center, Cleveland, Ohio. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.26616/nioshephb27920a.

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In-depth survey report: evaluation of ventilation and filtration system for delivery bar code sorter at United States Postal Service Dulles Processing and Distribution Center, Dulles, Virginia. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.26616/nioshephb27911a.

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In-depth survey report: evaluation of ventilation/filtration system for advanced flat sorter machine 100 at United States Postal Service, Baltimore Processing and Distribution Center, Baltimore, Maryland. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.26616/nioshephb27915a.

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In-depth survey report: evaluation of ventilation and filtration system for delivery bar code sorter at United States Postal Service, Dulles Processing and Distribution Center, Dulles, Virginia. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.26616/nioshephb27917a.

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In-depth survey report: evaluation of the ventilation and filtration system and biohazard detection system for the automated facer canceller system at United States Postal Service Dulles Processing and Distribution Center, Dulles, Virginia. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.26616/nioshephb27916a.

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In-depth survey report: evaluation of the ventilation and filtration system and biohazard detection system for the automated facer canceller system at United States Postal Service, Cleveland Processing and Distribution Center, Cleveland, Ohio. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.26616/nioshephb27918a.

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