Academic literature on the topic 'Depth of plowing'
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Journal articles on the topic "Depth of plowing"
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Mankhi, Abbas A., and Hussein A. Jebur. "A study Some Technical Indicators Under Impact Tillage Depth and Disk harrow Angle of the Compound Machine." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1060, no. 1 (2022): 012137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1060/1/012137.
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Abstract The research included studying the effect of different plowing depths (10,20and30) cm and three angles of the disc harrows (18,20and25) when they were combined in one compound machine consisting of a triple plow and disc harrows tied within one structure. Draft force, fuel consumption, practical productivity, and resistance to soil penetration. The results indicated that the plowing depth and disc angle had a significant effect on all studied parameters. The results showed that when the plowing depth increased and the disc angle increased, leads to increased pull force ratio, fuel consumption, resistance to soil penetration, and reduce the machine practical productivity.
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Majed, Rawad. "Relationship between Bacterial Bio-Fertilization at Different Levels of Plowing Depths and Some of Soil Physical Characteristics, Growth and Yield af Wheat Crops (Triticum astivum L.)." Muthanna Journal for Agricultural Sciences 10, no. 2 (2023): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.52113/mjas04/10.2/25.
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The study included the implementation of a factorial field experiment at the agricultural extension station affiliated with the Agricultural Extension Department in the Warka District, located north of Al-Muthanna Governorate, during the winter season 2022-2023. The soil texture of the field was loamy clay soil and the wheat variety was Research 22. The factorial experiment was designed according to the split-plot arrangement and (RCBD) design with three replications. The first factor represents the biological inoculum with B. subtilis and B. megaterium bacteria, with four levels, B0 without the addition of the inoculum, B1 with B. megaterium bacteria, and B2 with B. subtilis bacteria, and the fourth treatment, B3, included the double inoculum B1 + B2, and the second factor represents plowing depths with four levels, D1 represents zero plowing depth, D2 represents 10 cm plowing depth, D3 represents 20 cm plowing depth and D4 represents 30 cm plowing depth. The results showed the following. The results showed that the plowing depth D4 was superior to the control treatment and recorded the highest values in both plant height (100.74 cm) and moisture content was 41.26, 15.59 % in both flowering and harvesting stages respectively, while the depth D3 recorded a significant superiority in the weight of 1000 grains (49.14 gm). The B3 bacterial inoculum addition treatment was significantly superior to the control treatment.The highest values were recorded for plant height, weight of 1000 seeds, and moisture content in the harvest and flowering stages .The values were 100.26 cm, 46.63 g, 13.25%, 31.91% respectively. The results of the statistical analysis showed that the interaction treatment of the bacterial inoculum and plowing depth D4B1 was superior in plant height, the D3B2 treatment increased in the weight of 1000 seeds, and the D3B3 treatment was superior in moisture content for the flowering and harvesting stages. The values were 104.09 cm, 54.76 g, 44.35% and 17.50% respectively
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Petrov, G.A., and V.T. Nadykto. "PLOUGHING DEPTH STABILITY WITH FRONT PLOUGH WITHOUT SUPPORT WHEEL." Технічний сервіс агропромислового, лісового та транспортного комплексів 307 (December 25, 2024): 110–18. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15427388.
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<em>Then aggregating a front plow, an important aspect is ensuring the stability of the plowing depth. This issue becomes especially relevant if this implement does not have a support wheel. In view of this, the purpose of this article is to find out the influence of the operation of a front plow without a support wheel on the stability of the depth of soil cultivation by a plowed machine-tractor unit according to the "push-pull" scheme. Plowing was carried out by two units. One of them (option 1) had a front plow with a support wheel, and the other (option 2) had one without it. Laboratory and field studies revealed that the null hypothesis about the equality of the average values of plowing depth in the compared units is not rejected. The proof of this is the НІР<sub>05</sub> of this statistical indicator, which is equal to 0.81 cm, which is greater than the real difference between the compared values of the plowing depth, which is 0.50 cm. It follows that the removal of the support wheel from the front plow does not lead to a significant change in the average value of the plowing depth. On the other hand, the null hypothesis about the equality of the compared variances of the plowing depth fluctuations by plowing aggregates of both options is rejected at the statistical significance level of 0.05. According to the obtained data, the actual significant Fisher's F-test at 1.69 is greater than the tabulated one, which is 1.39. In view of this, it can be stated that the use of a front plow (option 2) leads to a decrease in the dispersion of plowing vibrations in comparison with a plow unit equipped with a front plow with a support wheel (option 1). The process of fluctuating the plowing depth in MTA with a front plow without a support wheel is more low-frequency than a similar process in a plow unit with a front plow tool equipped with a support wheel. This is evidenced by both the course of the normalized spectral densities of the fluctuations of the compared dispersions and the coefficients of variation of the fluctuations of the tillage depth</em>.
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Zhang, Xiao Xia, Yong Tang, Zhen Ping Wan, and Su Lian Tao. "Rolling-Plowing-Extrusion of Outside 3D Integral Fins on the Stainless Steel Tube." Advanced Materials Research 139-141 (October 2010): 1392–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.139-141.1392.
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A new method of rolling-plowing-extrusion is proposed for fabricating outside 3D integral fins on the stainless steel tube. The fabricated process of fins is divided into two stages, rolling and plowing-extrusion, at first ribs are obtained on the stainless steel tube by the rolling process, and then 3D integral fins are obtained by the plowing-extrusion process. In this study, the principle of the rolling-plowing-extrusion is briefed; rolling process and plowing-extrusion process are analyzed, respectively. Through the experiments, the effect of technical parameters on fins forming and structures is investigated; experimental results are shown that accurate matching technical parameters and plowing tool angles is the key to the fins forming and structures; further analytical results indicate that when rolling speed and plowing speed is 50r/min, rolling feed rate is 0.16 mm/r, rolling depth is approximately 0.80-1.00mm, plowing feed rate is above 2.16mm/r, plowing depth is approximately 0.25-0.45mm, the optimal fins are obtained
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Mohammed, Luay-lazim, and Murtada Abd Al-Azeem Abd Al-Nabi Al-Faris. "Study of the effect developed chisel plow on some energy requirements and some soil properties in a clayey mixture soil." University of Thi-Qar Journal of agricultural research 12, no. 2 (2023): 59–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.54174/utjagr.v12i2.263.
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The experiment was conducted at the fields of the College of Agriculture - University of Basra to study the effect height of sweeps shank equipped with the developed chisel plow (10 and 20 cm), with three depths (15, 25 and 35 cm) and three lateral distance (20, 25 and 30 m), on the field performance indicators of the draft force and the area of loosened soil. In a mixed alluvial soil with a density of (1.25) g-cm3 and a moisture content of (15.17) %, the experiment was designed according to the randomized complete block design (RCBD).
 The drafting force increased when the lateral distance and plowing depths increased, while it decreased when the arms of the sweeps shank increased by 20 cm. The loosened area increased when the plowing depths and the lateral distance increased when the arms of the duck hind legs were 10 cm high. The highest drafting force recorded at the height of the arms of the sweeps shank20 cm, the distance between them 30 cm, and the plowing depth 35 cm. The highest loosened area recorded at the height of the arms of the sweeps shank10 cm and the depth of plowing 35 cm.
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Motorin, Aleksandr. "INFLUENCE OF TREATMENT OF PEAT-GLEY SOIL ON THE WATER AND THERMAL REGIME AND YIELD OF POTATOES UNDER THE NORTHERN TRANS-URALS CONDITIONS." Bulletin of KSAU, no. 11 (February 6, 2025): 3–9. https://doi.org/10.36718/1819-4036-2023-11-3-9.
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The purpose of the study is to establish the influence of the depth of plowing of peaty-gley soil on the water and temperature regime, and potato yield. A study of the influence of the depth of cultivation of peaty-gley soil on the water-thermal regime and potato yield was carried out in 2014–2016 in the Tarmanskoye lowland swamp in the forest-steppe zone of the Northern Trans-Urals. As a result of the study, a decrease in moisture capacity in a 0.2-meter layer of peaty-gley soil was established by 17.2–34.7 %. This was facilitated by the enrichment of mineral soil during plowing to a depth of 0.27–0.37 m. At a depth of 0.2–0.4 m, moisture capacity increases by 5.5–13.4 % due to the organic matter of peat. Deep plowing (0.37 m) ensured an increase in moisture reserves in the 0.5 m layer from 0.6 HB at the control (0.22 m) to the upper limit of the optimum (0.9 HB). In the lower part of the soil profile (0.6–1.0 m), moisture reserves did not depend on the plowing depth. The maximum changes in soil temperature were established in plots with plowing of 0.15 m of mineral soil, where it increased on average by 0.6–0.7 °C over the years of study. The most significant differences in soil warming were noted in the first half of the growing season (1.1–1.2 °C). Potato yield on peaty-gley soil depends on the plowing depth: 0.22 m – 26.69 t; 0.27 m – 29.15 t (9.2 %); 0.32 m – 30.11 (12.8); 0.37 m – 32.45 t/ha (21.6 %). The starch content in potato tubers of the Nevsky variety increases compared to the control at a plowing depth of 0.37 m from 11.3 to 13.4 %.
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Adday, Shaker H., Kawther A. Hemeed, and Murtadha A. Al-faris. "Studying the Effect of Implement of Two Plowing Depths and Manure Mixing with Soil on the Soil Moisture Content." Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences 30, no. 2 (2017): 36–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.37077/25200860.2017.41.
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A field experiment was carried out in silty clay soil at Agricultural Research Station of Garmat Ali in order to study the effect of the plowing depths and manure application on soil moisture content at different soil depths (0-10 (d1), 10-20 (d2), 20-30 (d3), 30-40 (d4), 40-50 (d5) and 50-60 cm (d6)) and two periods (after plowing and after harvesting the sunflower crop). The experiment was conducted using an implement of plowing and manure mixing with soil, which consists of two main parts (two moldboard plows and two subsoilers).The implement was designed and manufactured in the Agriculture machines and Equipment Department in 2015. The treatments used in the study were included two levels of manure application (0 and 45.5 ton ha-1) and two plowing depths of moldboard plow (M) with three plowing depths of subsoiler (S). They were 20 cm of moldboard plow with 20, 30 and 40 cm of subsoiler (M20S20, M20S30 and M20S40), and 30 cm of moldboard plow with 10, 20 and 30 cm of subsoiler (M30S10, M30S20 and M30S30). The results showed that the soil moisture content (MC) was significantly decreased with increasing the plowing depths by the moldboard plows and subsoilers especially after soil plowing. While, the MC significantly increased with increasing the soil depth after the plowing and after harvesting the crop. In contrast, mixing the manure with soil at level 45.5 ton ha-1 by the manufactured implement increased the soil moisture content by 10.73% after the plowing and by 2.33% after the harvesting the sunflower crop compared with untreated soil with manure.
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A. Alwan, Ali. "A Field Study of Soil Pulverization Energy by using Different Moldboards Types Under Various Operating Condition." Basrah J. Agric. Sci. 32 (October 22, 2019): 373–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.37077/25200860.2019.284.
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A field experiment was conducted in the experiment field of Agricultural College, Basrah University, to study the effect of three types of moldboards i.e. helical, general purpose and digger moldboard, three tillage depths (15, 20 and 25 cm) and three forward speeds (4.37, 6.11 and 7.03 km h-1) on the draft force (DF), soil pulverization index (SPI), the specific energy (SE), the energy equivalent (EQE), and soil pulverization efficiency (SPE). Split-split plot with complete randomized block design with three replications were used in this study, and Least significant differences (LSD) was used to compare the means of treatments at 0.05 levels. The results showed there was a significant effect for moldboard types, plowing depths, plowing speeds and the interaction on all studied parameters. Whereas the digger moldboard type achieved the lower values of DF and SPI compared with the general purpose and helical moldboard types by percentage of 12.13 and 19.49% respectively and 16.37 and 50.61% respectively. However, the digger moldboard gave the highest value of SPE of 80%. The results Also, indicated to that the plowing depth and plowing speed had a significant effect on studied parameters when increasing the plowing depth by percentage 67% the DF and SPI increased by 137.27% and 30.46%, while the SE, the EQE and SPE reduced by 18.19, 17.80 and 2.70 % respectively. However, increasing the plowing speed by a percentage of 61%, the DF, SE, EQE, and SPE increased by 25.98, 45.11, 8.18 and 35.59% respectively, while the SPI decreased by 29.15%.
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Yenish, Joseph P., Thomas A. Fry, Beverly R. Durgan, and Donald L. Wyse. "Tillage Effects on Seed Distribution and Common Milkweed (Asclepias syriaca) Establishment." Weed Science 44, no. 4 (1996): 815–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500094765.
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Soil profile distribution of a single simulated seed dispersal event after tillage followed a nonlinear model. Approximately 40% of recovered simulated seed were found within 4 cm of the surface following chisel plowing and disking, and density declined steadily with depth to 20 cm. Moldboard plowing placed 50 to 60% of simulated seed to a depth of 11 to 16 cm. Simulated seed were evenly distributed to 8 cm depth by disking and did not differ regardless of whether plots were chisel or moldboard plowed prior to seed dispersal. More than 90% of seed remained within 2 cm of the surface with no-tillage. Simulated seed distribution was the same after a tillage rotation of chisel plowing, disking, moldboard plowing, and disking regardless if the dispersal event occurred prior to chisel or moldboard plowing. Two years of the tillage rotation and two dispersal events resulted in a distribution pattern greatly influenced by the most recent major tillage of chisel or moldboard plowing. Seedling emergence of common milkweed averaged 80% for seed buried 0.5 to 4 cm deep and emergence was negligible for seed on the surface or buried 7 cm in soil in pots in a growth chamber.
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Seyidaliyev, N., F. Alekperov, and E. Shafiyev. "Effect of Different Growing Depth, Irrigation Forms and Fertilizer Rates on Structural Parameters of Sigalia Soybean Variety." Bulletin of Science and Practice, no. 12 (December 15, 2022): 215–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/85/26.
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The variety plays a special biological role in the production of modern agricultural plants and the implementation of intensive technology. The applied agrotechnical measures have a greater effect on its high and quality yield. This allows any variety to maintain its biological and morphological characteristics for a long time. In the study, the results obtained in the optimization of agrotechnical measures and plowing at both depths were different. The yield, protein yield, oil yield and weight of 1000 seeds were higher in the variants with plowing at the same depth and in the variants irrigated with drip irrigation and N100P80K50kg of fertilizer per hectare. Indicators were higher in the options where plowing was carried out at a depth of 20-25 cm, irrigation system with sprinklers was applied, and fertilizer rate of N100P80K50kg per hectare was applied.
Book chapters on the topic "Depth of plowing"
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Hu, Zhongqiang, Lubing Chen, Aili Cao, et al. "Design of a Rotary Tiller Plowing Depth Intelligent Detection Device." In Mechanisms and Machine Science. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-81673-4_54.
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Mishchenko, Yurii, Gennadiy Davydenko, and Andriy Butenko. "APPLICATION OF GREEN FERTILIZERS TO RESTORE THE WATER RESISTANCE OF THE SOIL DURING BUCKWHEAT GROWING." In Traditions and new scientific strategies in the context of global transformation of society. Publishing House “Baltija Publishing”, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-406-1-8.
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The search for a solution to the problem of reproducing the optimal water resistance of soil aggregates is relevant for modern agricultural production, since their decay leads to clogging of vertical soil drainage, which makes it impossible to form optimal reserves of soil moisture due to the slowdown in the absorption of heavy rains, which we have in the conditions of climate change. The purpose of the article was to determine the most successful combination of the combination of intermediate sowing of siderate and the no-moldboard cultivation, which would contribute to the formation of the highest water resistance of the typical black soil and the productivity of buckwheat. Methodology for assessing the water resistance of the soil was based on the Andrianov method, which characterizes the dynamics of the water resistance of the most valuable aggregates (3-5 mm in size). Using this method, the intensity of wetting of soil particles in stagnant water was determined, which is a certain imitation of the natural process that occurs during early spring snowmelt or torrential rain. Results showed that the water resistance of the structural aggregates of the soil layer 0-30 cm was formed the highest under the option of using radish for siderate – 44.8-47.7%. This option was slightly inferior to the options of using phacelia on siderate and applying 20t/ha of manure, which were at the same level in terms of the content of water-resistant aggregates – 43.1-47.7%. In the case of using the carcass siderate of the predecessor, the water resistance of the soils of the 0-30 cm layer was significantly lower – by 1.1-2.5%, compared to other options of siderates. The increase in water resistance on fertilizer options was accompanied by an increase in the yield of buckwheat seeds; the correlation coefficient between them was quite close r = 0.86. The highest yield of buckwheat seeds was determined on the option of post-harvest siderate of radish – 2.95 t/ha, it was slightly inferior in terms of yield to the option of adding 20 t/ha of manure – 2.82 t/ha and the use of post-harvest siderate of phacelia – 2.66 t/ha. The use of the predecessor carrion siderate for buckwheat and mineral fertilizers was significantly inferior to the option of the post-harvest radish siderate both in terms of the content of the water-resistant structure and in the yield of buckwheat seeds. The highest content of water-resistant aggregates in the soil layer of 0-30 cm was during no-moldboard cultivation of the sideral background of oil radish with a combined flatcut aggregate at a depth of 21-23 (45.7%) and a combined disc at 6-8 cm (44.9%). The 21-23 cm no-moldboard cultivation significantly outperformed the control version of tillage – plowing at 21-23 cm and shelf-less disc tillage at 13-15 cm. The highest yield of buckwheat seeds – 3.42 t/ha, which was significantly different from the rest of the tillages, was obtained with no-moldboard flat-cut cultivation of the sideral background of radishes to a depth of 21-23 cm. The highest correlation dependence of the yield of buckwheat seeds on the water-resistant structure was determined during no-moldboard cultivation – r = 0.97, than for plowing – r = 0.95. Practical implications and Value/originality. The introduction of intermediate crops of siderates will contribute to the full renewal of the water resistance structure due to the use of renewable resources (accumulation of organic matter in the soil due to solar energy). The combination of intermediate siderates with no-moldboard cultivation will ensure the renewal of optimal agrophysical parameters, in particular, the water resistance structure, which will make it possible to better absorb intense rainy atmospheric precipitation in conditions of climate change and more effectively replenish the reserves of productive soil moisture with them.
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Zakharchenko, Elina. "THE INFLUENCE OF THE METHODS OF TILLAGE ON BULK DENSITY, MOISTURE AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF BLACK SOIL IN ORGANIC FARMING." In Modern science: prospects, innovations and technologies. Publishing House “Baltija Publishing”, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-473-3-12.
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The selection of technology for organic production of agricultural products in Ukraine, even in difficult times, is still relevant. The elements of technology may vary depending on the state of the field, resource capabilities of the farm, and set goals. Growing buckwheat is one of the ways to solve the food problem of Ukraine and other country, especially under war condition. This crop is ahead of the rest of grain crops due to a much higher level of selling prices and payment of expenses by money earnings in Ukraine. The purpose of the article is to demonstrate the obtained data regarding water consumption of buckwheat, biological activity of the soil under different methods of basic soil cultivation in organic crop rotation.The research methodology was based on conducting field and laboratory research, using hypothesis and experimental methods. In the conditions of the North-Eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine (Sumsky district, Sumy), four soil tillage options for growing organic buckwheat were studied. Cellulolytic activity of microbiota was determined by the method of laying linen cloth in the soil; the moisture content in the soil was determined by the thermogravimetric method; harvest accounting was carried out by the sheaf method. The results of the research showed that when growing buckwheat in organic crop rotation, soil tillage is an important component of the technology. The choice of minimum tillage leads to an increase in the bulk density of the soil. The higher the water consumption ratio, the more difficult the conditions of plant growth and development, thus the highest water consumption ratio was obtained at disking options. The most effective were deep tillage up to 22 cm, which stimulated the accumulation of moisture in the root layer and the activity of soil microbiota. Practical implications. Plowing is recommended as the main method of tillage in the conditions of the North-Eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine for growing crops, particularly buckwheat in the organic crop rotation on the low humus medium loam typical chernozem (black soil). Value/originality. The obtained results encourage further research, more in-depth agrochemical analysis of soils, growth characteristics of buckwheat and other agricultural crops grown in organic crop rotation for possible combined tillage depending on plant requirements.
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Datsko1, Oksana, and Elina Zakharchenko. "INFLUENCE OF BIOFERTILIZERS AND SOIL CULTIVATION SYSTEMS ON CORN GRAIN QUALITY AND THEIR CORRELATION." In Science, technology and innovation in the context of global transformation. Publishing House “Baltija Publishing”, 2024. https://doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-499-3-2.
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The purpose of the study is to evaluate the impact of soil tillage methods and biofertilizer application on maize yield and grain quality under organic farming conditions. Methodology of the research included a three-year field experiment (2020–2022) conducted on certified organic fields with two maize hybrids, Harmonium and Hemingway. The experiment assessed traditional tillage (plowing at 25–28 cm) and reduced tillage methods (disking and flat-cutting at various depths), combined with biofertilizer treatments, including seed inoculation and foliar applications at BBCH13 and BBCH17 growth stages using LEANUM and VITAMIN O7. Results demonstrated that traditional plowing with combined biofertilizer applications significantly enhanced protein, starch, and oil content, while shallow disking (5–8 cm) increased oil content but decreased overall yield. Practical implications of this study highlight the importance of integrating effective tillage methods and biofertilizer applications to optimize both quality and yield, providing valuable guidance for organic maize production. Value/originality of the research lies in its contribution to sustainable agricultural practices by offering a comprehensive evaluation of biofertilizer and tillage interactions to support environmentally friendly farming.
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"Performance Evaluation and Multi-Parameter Mapping Rule of Cryogenic Air Minimum Quantity Lubrication Grinding Titanium Alloy." In Thermodynamic Mechanism of Cryogenic Air Minimum Quantity Lubrication Grinding. IGI Global, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-3378-5.ch009.
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This chapter first analyzes the kinematic law of wear particles in sliding, plowing, and cutting stages, and reveals the interference mechanical behavior of wear particles and workpieces. Furthermore, the specific energy models of grinding at different stages are established, and the heat distribution mechanism of effective grinding particles is revealed. Finally, an experimental method for measuring workpiece temperature at different positions by using bipolar thermocouple array is designed. The results show that the measured grinding temperatures at different cutting depths agree with the numerical results.
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"Evolution Mechanism and Dynamic Model of Grinding Temperature Field Based on Discrete Heat Source." In Thermodynamic Mechanism of Cryogenic Air Minimum Quantity Lubrication Grinding. IGI Global, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-3378-5.ch008.
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This chapter first analyzes the kinematic law of wear particles in sliding, plowing, and cutting stages, and reveals the interference mechanical behavior of wear particles and workpieces. Furthermore, the specific energy models of grinding at different stages are established, and the heat distribution mechanism of effective grinding particles is revealed. Finally, an experimental method for measuring workpiece temperature at different positions by using bipolar thermocouple array is designed. The results show that the measured grinding temperatures at different cutting depths agree with the numerical results.
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Goldsmith, Thomas. "“I grew up around a banjo”." In Earl Scruggs and Foggy Mountain Breakdown. University of Illinois Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252042966.003.0002.
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Chapter tells the story of Earl Scruggs’s childhood and school years in Boiling Springs, North Carolina, and of the early death of his father, George Elam Scruggs. Members of the family, including his mother, Lula Ruppe Scruggs, played organ, fiddle, banjo, guitar and other instruments. Scruggs had five brothers and sisters. While expected to take a full part in the backbreaking labor on the farm, Scruggs was also very occupied with music. While he was plowing, musical thoughts ran through his mind over and over. Cleveland County, where he grew up, was a thriving center of business, cotton-dominated agriculture, politics, and music.
Conference papers on the topic "Depth of plowing"
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Takemoto, Kazuma, Hiroki Yokoyama, Takeshi Okuno, Aye Aye Moe, and Geunho Lee. "Tilling Depth Control of Compact Plowing Robot toward Home Gardens." In 2020 IEEE 9th Global Conference on Consumer Electronics (GCCE). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/gcce50665.2020.9291901.
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Salahshoor, M., and Y. B. Guo. "Finite Element Analysis of Residual Stresses in High-Speed Dry Cutting of Biodegradable Magnesium-Calcium Alloy." In ASME 2012 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference collocated with the 40th North American Manufacturing Research Conference and in participation with the International Conference on Tribology Materials and Processing. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2012-7361.
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Magnesium-Calcium (Mg-Ca) alloys have become attractive biodegradable orthopedic implant biomaterials recently. Residual stresses are proven to be very influential on degradation rate of these alloys in human anatomy. Due to time and cost inhibitive reasons, development of finite element models to predict residual stress profiles under various cutting regimes is highly desirable. In this context, a finite element model of orthogonal cutting without explicit chip formation is developed by adopting plowing depth approach in order to predict process induced residual stresses in high speed dry cutting of Mg-Ca0.8 (wt %) using diamond tools. Mechanical properties of Mg-Ca0.8 alloy at high strain rates and large strains are determined using split-Hopkinson pressure bar test. Internal state variable (ISV) plasticity model is implemented to model the material behavior under cutting regimes. The residual stress evolution process and effects of plowing speed and plowing depth on residual stress profiles are studied. Residual stress measurements are performed utilizing X-ray diffraction technique for validation purposes.
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Wang, Zhihua, and Qingze Zou. "Iterative-Control-Based High-Speed Direct Mask Fabrication via Ultrasonic-Vibration-Assisted Mechanical Plowing." In ASME 2013 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2013-3945.
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Mechanical indentation and plowing is one of the most widely used methods in probe-based nanolithography. Compared to other probe-based nanolithography techniques such as the Dip-pen and the milliped, mechanical plowing is not restrictive to conductive materials and/or soft materials. However, like other probe-based nanolithgraphy techniques, the low-throughput has hindered the implementation of this technique in practices. The fabrication throughput, although can be increased via parallel-probe, is ultimately limited by the tracking precision of the probe relative to the sample during the plowing process. In this paper, a new iterative learning control technique is proposed and utilized to account for the adverse effects encountered in high-speed, large-range mechanical plowing nanolithography, including the hysteresis, the vibrational dynamics, and the cross-axis dynamics-coupling effects. Moreover, vertical (normal) ultrasonic vibration of the cantilever is introduced during the fabrication process to improve the fabrication quality. This approach is implemented to directly fabricate patterns on a mask with a tungsten layer deposited on a silicon dioxide substrate. The experimental results demonstrated that a relatively large-size pattern of four grooves (20 μm in length) can be fabricated at a high-speed of ∼5 mm/sec, with the line width and line depth at ∼95 nm and 2 nm, respectively. A fine pattern of the word ‘NANO’ is also achieved at the speed of ∼5 mm/sec. Such a high-speed direct lithography of mask with nanoscale line width and depth points the use of mechanical-plowing technique in strategic-important applications such as mask lithography for semiconductor industry.
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Tsai, Fuh-Feng, and Kevin Strittmatter. "KINEMATIC ANALYSIS FOR AUTOMATIC PLOWING DEPTH CONTROL OF A MINE CLEARING COMBAT VEHICLE." In 2024 NDIA Michigan Chapter Ground Vehicle Systems Engineering and Technology Symposium. National Defense Industrial Association, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2024-01-3208.
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<title>ABSTRACT</title> <p>This paper develops a linear closed form equation as required for automatic plowing depth control of a mine clearing combat vehicle. The vehicle will be tasked with using its Mine Clearing Blade (MCB) to remove surface laid and buried land mines on undulating terrain so that other vehicles can follow its path without the threat of mines. Blade control must be automatic to ensure that the target depth of the cleared path is achieved and all mines on the path are removed. A closed form solution for real-time computing relating the MCB motion and hydraulic actuator movement is developed and implemented. The equations are provided in symbolic form so that the dimensions of the mechanism can be directly substituted and/or modified without re-derivation. Results were verified with field measured data and implemented in the controller of a real vehicle to successfully achieve objective goal of Automatic Mine Clearing.</p>
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Guo, Y. B., and S. Anurag. "Finite Element Modeling of Random Multiphase Materials for Micromachining." In ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-43848.
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Compared with lithographic techniques, mechanical micromachining is a potential competitive process for fabricating 3D micro/meso components or macro parts with micro-features from diverse materials at high accuracy, efficiency, and low costs, but the size effect induced by the comparable size of microstructures, cutting edge radius, and depth-of-cut results in a plowing dominated process. A methodology to incorporate model random microstructure in finite element analysis (FEA) of micromachining multiphase materials has been developed to understand the plowing, tribological, and heat transfer mechanisms. An internal state variable plasticity model has been developed to model the dynamic mechanical behavior including the effect of randomly distributed microstructure, materials damage and evolution. The simulated process variables including chip morphology, forces, and temperatures agree well with the observed experimental phenomena. The simulation recovers the shearing-plowing transition and increased specific energy in micromachining.
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Kozlova, A., U. Lyudvig, and V. Makkoveeva. "CHERNOZEMS OF THE SOUTH BAIKAL REGION, THEIR AGRO- AND POSTAGROGENIC TRANSFORMATION." In «PROBLEMS OF SOIL FERTILITY IN MODERN AGRICULTURE». Krasnoyarsk Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture is a separate division of the Federal Research Center KSC SB RAS, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.52686/9785605087878_65.
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The chernozems of the Southern Baikal region belong to the facies subtype of moderately cold, long-term freezing soils. Therefore, the thickness of their humus horizon is limited by a half-meter thickness and low humus content and reserves. Intensive plowing of chernozems has led to a significant reduction in its thickness to the level of plowing depth. The content and reserves of humus have noticeably decreased compared to virgin soil. Removing the agrogenic impact helps restore the fertility of agrochernozems, but the process of their regeneration in the extremely continental climate of the Southern Baikal region is greatly inhibited.
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Amer (or initial) Najm and Moatasim M Sidahmed. "Cone Index before and after Plowing of Stony Clay Soil as a Function of Depth and Moisture." In 2007 Minneapolis, Minnesota, June 17-20, 2007. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.23201.
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Gromovik, A. I., N. S. Gorbunova, I. V. Cherepukhina, and Yu Yu Khatuntseva. "Subtype features of humus dynamics in chernozems of the center of the Russian Plain under conditions of long-term agricultural use." In РАЦИОНАЛЬНОЕ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ПРИРОДНЫХ РЕСУРСОВ В АГРОЦЕНОЗАХ. Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33952/2542-0720-15.05.2020.26.
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The long-term dynamics of the humus content and reserves in the forest-steppe and steppe chernozems of the center of the Russian Plain was studied in a series: virgin land - perennial arable land. To the greatest extent, the transformation of the humus profile of chernozems as a result of plowing is manifested in its upper part. The depth of transformation spread reaches approximately 80-90 cm. In the series of subtypes: podzolic - leached - typical - ordinary chernozems, there are differences in the amount of humus lost. Long-term plowing of these soils leads to the humus content decrease. Therefore, real (t/ha) and apparent (%) humus losses in soils during their long- term plowing can differ significantly. The greatest losses of humus were recorded in leached chernozems – 15 t/ha. In podzolic and ordinary chernozems, the loss of humus reserves was approximately the same and amounted to 13 and 14 t/ha, respectively. Typical arable soils, as a rule, contain 15 t/ha fewer humus reserves than virgin soil. The humus level of chernozems varies significantly in the first years of use, then it stabilizes at a fairly high level according to the new regime of matter and energy circulation in agrocenoses. An objective assessment of changes in the main indicators of the humus state of chernozems during their long-term agricultural use should be carried out not by the percentage of humus but by its reserves, taking into account the corresponding values of the equilibrium addition density.
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Artiomov, Nikolay, Aleksandr Anikeev, Aleksandr Kaluzhnij, Mikhail Tsiganenko, and Oleg Pushkarenko. "Dynamics of deep loosener loading during agrotechnical tillage operations." In 23rd International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technologies, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/erdev.2024.23.tf220.
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Modern agriculture requires introduction of rational, energy-saving and environmentally friendly agro-technologies. In recent years, special attention has been paid to the issues of preserving the fertility of agricultural land. One of the problems faced by farmers and agricultural enterprises is excessive soil compaction. This problem has arisen due to the steady tendency of increasing the weight of agricultural machinery, in connection with this negative impact of heavy machinery the subsoil layer is also compacted in addition to the arable layer. The depth of soil compaction depends on the tractor weight, frequency of passes, moisture, type and the condition of soil. Besides repeated passes of machines, soil compaction is also promoted by repeated plowing of soil to the same depth, which causes formation of so-called plow sole with hardness more than 3.5 MPa. Excessive soil compaction blocks the rise of soil moisture through capillaries from the depth of water-bearing layers. Soil compaction is felt by almost all agricultural crops through limitation of water supply to the root system of plants. One way to combat soil over-compaction is deep loosening or chiseling, sometimes referred to as vertical tillage. Also, soil loosening provides improved water and air regime. Under certain conditions, deep loosening can replace plowing. The paper studies the loading dynamics of deep loosening machines, which have been used for soil decompaction in tillage systems, which is of scientific and practical interest. To study the dynamics of deep loosener loading, a measuring and registration complex developed at the university was used. This complex allows to control in real time the load parameters of an agricultural machine without interfering with its design.
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Caban, Jacek, Aleksander Nieoczym, and Leszek Krzywonos. "Strength analysis of subsoiler tooth." In 23rd International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technologies, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/erdev.2024.23.tf057.
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Working with a subsoiler is an agro-amelioration procedure consisting in loosening the soil without turning it over, at a depth greater than the depth of plowing with a traditional plow. Subsoiling is intended to loosen excessively compacted layers of the soil profile in order to rebuild its porous structure ensuring proper circulation of water and air in the soil. The operation of agricultural machines for field tasks, including soil loosening and plowing, involves wear and tear of the main working elements. The wear mechanism depends on the loads, the working environment, including the type of soil and possible contamination, e.g. in the form of stones. The article presents solid models and strength analyses using the finite element method. The aim was to compare the influence of the tooth shape: an arched tooth shape and an intermediate tooth shape combining the features of an arched tooth with a flat tooth. Simulations of the working environment concerned loads when loosening light and heavy soil and when hitting a non-deformable element. The issue of the influence of the tooth shape on its strength was solved during the simulation of the operation of the subsoiler. In an arched tooth and a tooth with the characteristics of an arched and straight tooth, stresses of similar values are generated. Differences appear on surfaces with geometric notch features. The greatest differences were noted when simulating a tooth hitting a stone, in which case the arch tooth would be damaged.
Reports on the topic "Depth of plowing"
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Banin, Amos, Joseph Stucki, and Joel Kostka. Redox Processes in Soils Irrigated with Reclaimed Sewage Effluents: Field Cycles and Basic Mechanism. United States Department of Agriculture, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7695870.bard.
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The overall objectives of the project were: (a) To measure and study in situ the effect of irrigation with reclaimed sewage effluents on redox processes and related chemical dynamics in soil profiles of agricultural fields. (b) To study under controlled conditions the kinetics and equilibrium states of selected processes that affect redox conditions in field soils or that are effected by them. Specifically, these include the effects on heavy metals sorption and desorption, and the effect on pesticide degradation. On the basis of the initial results from the field study, increased effort was devoted to clarifying and quantifying the effects of plants and water regime on the soil's redox potential while the study of heavy metals sorption was limited. The use of reclaimed sewage effluents as agricultural irrigation water is increasing at a significant rate. The relatively high levels of suspended and, especially, dissolved organic matter and nitrogen in effluents may affect the redox regime in field soils irrigated with them. In turn, the changes in redox regime may affect, among other parameters, the organic matter and nitrogen dynamics of the root zone and trace organic decomposition processes. Detailed data of the redox potential regime in field plots is lacking, and the detailed mechanisms of its control are obscure and not quantified. The study established the feasibility of long-term, non-disturbing monitoring of redox potential regime in field soils. This may enable to manage soil redox under conditions of continued inputs of wastewater. The importance of controlling the degree of wastewater treatment, particularly of adding ultrafiltration steps and/or tertiary treatment, may be assessed based on these and similar results. Low redox potential was measured in a field site (Site A, KibutzGivat Brenner), that has been irrigated with effluents for 30 years and was used for 15 years for continuous commercial sod production. A permanently reduced horizon (Time weighted averaged pe= 0.33±3.0) was found in this site at the 15 cm depth throughout the measurement period of 10 months. A drastic cultivation intervention, involving prolonged drying and deep plowing operations may be required to reclaim such soils. Site B, characterized by a loamy texture, irrigated with tap water for about 20 years was oxidized (Time weighted average pe=8.1±1.0) throughout the measurement period. Iron in the solid phases of the Givat Brenner soils is chemically-reduced by irrigation. Reduced Fe in these soils causes a change in reactivity toward the pesticide oxamyl, which has been determined to be both cytotoxic and genotoxic to mammalian cells. Reaction of oxamyl with reduced-Fe clay minerals dramatically decreases its cytotoxicity and genotoxicity to mammalian cells. Some other pesticides are affected in the same manner, whereas others are affected in the opposite direction (become more cyto- and genotoxic). Iron-reducing bacteria (FeRB) are abundant in the Givat Brenner soils. FeRB are capable of coupling the oxidation of small molecular weight carbon compounds (fermentation products) to the respiration of iron under anoxic conditions, such as those that occur under flooded soil conditions. FeRB from these soils utilize a variety of Fe forms, including Fe-containing clay minerals, as the sole electron acceptor. Daily cycles of the soil redox potential were discovered and documented in controlled-conditions lysimeter experiments. In the oxic range (pe=12-8) soil redox potential cycling is attributed to the effect of the daily temperature cycle on the equilibrium constant of the oxygenation reaction of H⁺ to form H₂O, and is observed under both effluent and freshwater irrigation. The presence of plants affects considerably the redox potential regime of soils. Redox potential cycling coupled to the irrigation cycles is observed when the soil becomes anoxic and the redox potential is controlled by the Fe(III)/Fe(II) redox couple. This is particularly seen when plants are grown. Re-oxidation of the soil after soil drying at the end of an irrigation cycle is affected to some degree by the water quality. Surprisingly, the results suggest that under certain conditions recovery is less pronounced in the freshwater irrigated soils.