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Journal articles on the topic 'Depth of plowing'
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1
Mankhi, Abbas A., and Hussein A. Jebur. "A study Some Technical Indicators Under Impact Tillage Depth and Disk harrow Angle of the Compound Machine." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1060, no. 1 (2022): 012137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1060/1/012137.
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Abstract The research included studying the effect of different plowing depths (10,20and30) cm and three angles of the disc harrows (18,20and25) when they were combined in one compound machine consisting of a triple plow and disc harrows tied within one structure. Draft force, fuel consumption, practical productivity, and resistance to soil penetration. The results indicated that the plowing depth and disc angle had a significant effect on all studied parameters. The results showed that when the plowing depth increased and the disc angle increased, leads to increased pull force ratio, fuel consumption, resistance to soil penetration, and reduce the machine practical productivity.
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Majed, Rawad. "Relationship between Bacterial Bio-Fertilization at Different Levels of Plowing Depths and Some of Soil Physical Characteristics, Growth and Yield af Wheat Crops (Triticum astivum L.)." Muthanna Journal for Agricultural Sciences 10, no. 2 (2023): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.52113/mjas04/10.2/25.
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The study included the implementation of a factorial field experiment at the agricultural extension station affiliated with the Agricultural Extension Department in the Warka District, located north of Al-Muthanna Governorate, during the winter season 2022-2023. The soil texture of the field was loamy clay soil and the wheat variety was Research 22. The factorial experiment was designed according to the split-plot arrangement and (RCBD) design with three replications. The first factor represents the biological inoculum with B. subtilis and B. megaterium bacteria, with four levels, B0 without the addition of the inoculum, B1 with B. megaterium bacteria, and B2 with B. subtilis bacteria, and the fourth treatment, B3, included the double inoculum B1 + B2, and the second factor represents plowing depths with four levels, D1 represents zero plowing depth, D2 represents 10 cm plowing depth, D3 represents 20 cm plowing depth and D4 represents 30 cm plowing depth. The results showed the following. The results showed that the plowing depth D4 was superior to the control treatment and recorded the highest values in both plant height (100.74 cm) and moisture content was 41.26, 15.59 % in both flowering and harvesting stages respectively, while the depth D3 recorded a significant superiority in the weight of 1000 grains (49.14 gm). The B3 bacterial inoculum addition treatment was significantly superior to the control treatment.The highest values were recorded for plant height, weight of 1000 seeds, and moisture content in the harvest and flowering stages .The values were 100.26 cm, 46.63 g, 13.25%, 31.91% respectively. The results of the statistical analysis showed that the interaction treatment of the bacterial inoculum and plowing depth D4B1 was superior in plant height, the D3B2 treatment increased in the weight of 1000 seeds, and the D3B3 treatment was superior in moisture content for the flowering and harvesting stages. The values were 104.09 cm, 54.76 g, 44.35% and 17.50% respectively
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Petrov, G.A., and V.T. Nadykto. "PLOUGHING DEPTH STABILITY WITH FRONT PLOUGH WITHOUT SUPPORT WHEEL." Технічний сервіс агропромислового, лісового та транспортного комплексів 307 (December 25, 2024): 110–18. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15427388.
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<em>Then aggregating a front plow, an important aspect is ensuring the stability of the plowing depth. This issue becomes especially relevant if this implement does not have a support wheel. In view of this, the purpose of this article is to find out the influence of the operation of a front plow without a support wheel on the stability of the depth of soil cultivation by a plowed machine-tractor unit according to the "push-pull" scheme. Plowing was carried out by two units. One of them (option 1) had a front plow with a support wheel, and the other (option 2) had one without it. Laboratory and field studies revealed that the null hypothesis about the equality of the average values of plowing depth in the compared units is not rejected. The proof of this is the НІР<sub>05</sub> of this statistical indicator, which is equal to 0.81 cm, which is greater than the real difference between the compared values of the plowing depth, which is 0.50 cm. It follows that the removal of the support wheel from the front plow does not lead to a significant change in the average value of the plowing depth. On the other hand, the null hypothesis about the equality of the compared variances of the plowing depth fluctuations by plowing aggregates of both options is rejected at the statistical significance level of 0.05. According to the obtained data, the actual significant Fisher's F-test at 1.69 is greater than the tabulated one, which is 1.39. In view of this, it can be stated that the use of a front plow (option 2) leads to a decrease in the dispersion of plowing vibrations in comparison with a plow unit equipped with a front plow with a support wheel (option 1). The process of fluctuating the plowing depth in MTA with a front plow without a support wheel is more low-frequency than a similar process in a plow unit with a front plow tool equipped with a support wheel. This is evidenced by both the course of the normalized spectral densities of the fluctuations of the compared dispersions and the coefficients of variation of the fluctuations of the tillage depth</em>.
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Zhang, Xiao Xia, Yong Tang, Zhen Ping Wan, and Su Lian Tao. "Rolling-Plowing-Extrusion of Outside 3D Integral Fins on the Stainless Steel Tube." Advanced Materials Research 139-141 (October 2010): 1392–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.139-141.1392.
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A new method of rolling-plowing-extrusion is proposed for fabricating outside 3D integral fins on the stainless steel tube. The fabricated process of fins is divided into two stages, rolling and plowing-extrusion, at first ribs are obtained on the stainless steel tube by the rolling process, and then 3D integral fins are obtained by the plowing-extrusion process. In this study, the principle of the rolling-plowing-extrusion is briefed; rolling process and plowing-extrusion process are analyzed, respectively. Through the experiments, the effect of technical parameters on fins forming and structures is investigated; experimental results are shown that accurate matching technical parameters and plowing tool angles is the key to the fins forming and structures; further analytical results indicate that when rolling speed and plowing speed is 50r/min, rolling feed rate is 0.16 mm/r, rolling depth is approximately 0.80-1.00mm, plowing feed rate is above 2.16mm/r, plowing depth is approximately 0.25-0.45mm, the optimal fins are obtained
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Mohammed, Luay-lazim, and Murtada Abd Al-Azeem Abd Al-Nabi Al-Faris. "Study of the effect developed chisel plow on some energy requirements and some soil properties in a clayey mixture soil." University of Thi-Qar Journal of agricultural research 12, no. 2 (2023): 59–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.54174/utjagr.v12i2.263.
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The experiment was conducted at the fields of the College of Agriculture - University of Basra to study the effect height of sweeps shank equipped with the developed chisel plow (10 and 20 cm), with three depths (15, 25 and 35 cm) and three lateral distance (20, 25 and 30 m), on the field performance indicators of the draft force and the area of loosened soil. In a mixed alluvial soil with a density of (1.25) g-cm3 and a moisture content of (15.17) %, the experiment was designed according to the randomized complete block design (RCBD).
 The drafting force increased when the lateral distance and plowing depths increased, while it decreased when the arms of the sweeps shank increased by 20 cm. The loosened area increased when the plowing depths and the lateral distance increased when the arms of the duck hind legs were 10 cm high. The highest drafting force recorded at the height of the arms of the sweeps shank20 cm, the distance between them 30 cm, and the plowing depth 35 cm. The highest loosened area recorded at the height of the arms of the sweeps shank10 cm and the depth of plowing 35 cm.
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Motorin, Aleksandr. "INFLUENCE OF TREATMENT OF PEAT-GLEY SOIL ON THE WATER AND THERMAL REGIME AND YIELD OF POTATOES UNDER THE NORTHERN TRANS-URALS CONDITIONS." Bulletin of KSAU, no. 11 (February 6, 2025): 3–9. https://doi.org/10.36718/1819-4036-2023-11-3-9.
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The purpose of the study is to establish the influence of the depth of plowing of peaty-gley soil on the water and temperature regime, and potato yield. A study of the influence of the depth of cultivation of peaty-gley soil on the water-thermal regime and potato yield was carried out in 2014–2016 in the Tarmanskoye lowland swamp in the forest-steppe zone of the Northern Trans-Urals. As a result of the study, a decrease in moisture capacity in a 0.2-meter layer of peaty-gley soil was established by 17.2–34.7 %. This was facilitated by the enrichment of mineral soil during plowing to a depth of 0.27–0.37 m. At a depth of 0.2–0.4 m, moisture capacity increases by 5.5–13.4 % due to the organic matter of peat. Deep plowing (0.37 m) ensured an increase in moisture reserves in the 0.5 m layer from 0.6 HB at the control (0.22 m) to the upper limit of the optimum (0.9 HB). In the lower part of the soil profile (0.6–1.0 m), moisture reserves did not depend on the plowing depth. The maximum changes in soil temperature were established in plots with plowing of 0.15 m of mineral soil, where it increased on average by 0.6–0.7 °C over the years of study. The most significant differences in soil warming were noted in the first half of the growing season (1.1–1.2 °C). Potato yield on peaty-gley soil depends on the plowing depth: 0.22 m – 26.69 t; 0.27 m – 29.15 t (9.2 %); 0.32 m – 30.11 (12.8); 0.37 m – 32.45 t/ha (21.6 %). The starch content in potato tubers of the Nevsky variety increases compared to the control at a plowing depth of 0.37 m from 11.3 to 13.4 %.
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Adday, Shaker H., Kawther A. Hemeed, and Murtadha A. Al-faris. "Studying the Effect of Implement of Two Plowing Depths and Manure Mixing with Soil on the Soil Moisture Content." Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences 30, no. 2 (2017): 36–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.37077/25200860.2017.41.
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A field experiment was carried out in silty clay soil at Agricultural Research Station of Garmat Ali in order to study the effect of the plowing depths and manure application on soil moisture content at different soil depths (0-10 (d1), 10-20 (d2), 20-30 (d3), 30-40 (d4), 40-50 (d5) and 50-60 cm (d6)) and two periods (after plowing and after harvesting the sunflower crop). The experiment was conducted using an implement of plowing and manure mixing with soil, which consists of two main parts (two moldboard plows and two subsoilers).The implement was designed and manufactured in the Agriculture machines and Equipment Department in 2015. The treatments used in the study were included two levels of manure application (0 and 45.5 ton ha-1) and two plowing depths of moldboard plow (M) with three plowing depths of subsoiler (S). They were 20 cm of moldboard plow with 20, 30 and 40 cm of subsoiler (M20S20, M20S30 and M20S40), and 30 cm of moldboard plow with 10, 20 and 30 cm of subsoiler (M30S10, M30S20 and M30S30). The results showed that the soil moisture content (MC) was significantly decreased with increasing the plowing depths by the moldboard plows and subsoilers especially after soil plowing. While, the MC significantly increased with increasing the soil depth after the plowing and after harvesting the crop. In contrast, mixing the manure with soil at level 45.5 ton ha-1 by the manufactured implement increased the soil moisture content by 10.73% after the plowing and by 2.33% after the harvesting the sunflower crop compared with untreated soil with manure.
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A. Alwan, Ali. "A Field Study of Soil Pulverization Energy by using Different Moldboards Types Under Various Operating Condition." Basrah J. Agric. Sci. 32 (October 22, 2019): 373–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.37077/25200860.2019.284.
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A field experiment was conducted in the experiment field of Agricultural College, Basrah University, to study the effect of three types of moldboards i.e. helical, general purpose and digger moldboard, three tillage depths (15, 20 and 25 cm) and three forward speeds (4.37, 6.11 and 7.03 km h-1) on the draft force (DF), soil pulverization index (SPI), the specific energy (SE), the energy equivalent (EQE), and soil pulverization efficiency (SPE). Split-split plot with complete randomized block design with three replications were used in this study, and Least significant differences (LSD) was used to compare the means of treatments at 0.05 levels. The results showed there was a significant effect for moldboard types, plowing depths, plowing speeds and the interaction on all studied parameters. Whereas the digger moldboard type achieved the lower values of DF and SPI compared with the general purpose and helical moldboard types by percentage of 12.13 and 19.49% respectively and 16.37 and 50.61% respectively. However, the digger moldboard gave the highest value of SPE of 80%. The results Also, indicated to that the plowing depth and plowing speed had a significant effect on studied parameters when increasing the plowing depth by percentage 67% the DF and SPI increased by 137.27% and 30.46%, while the SE, the EQE and SPE reduced by 18.19, 17.80 and 2.70 % respectively. However, increasing the plowing speed by a percentage of 61%, the DF, SE, EQE, and SPE increased by 25.98, 45.11, 8.18 and 35.59% respectively, while the SPI decreased by 29.15%.
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Yenish, Joseph P., Thomas A. Fry, Beverly R. Durgan, and Donald L. Wyse. "Tillage Effects on Seed Distribution and Common Milkweed (Asclepias syriaca) Establishment." Weed Science 44, no. 4 (1996): 815–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500094765.
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Soil profile distribution of a single simulated seed dispersal event after tillage followed a nonlinear model. Approximately 40% of recovered simulated seed were found within 4 cm of the surface following chisel plowing and disking, and density declined steadily with depth to 20 cm. Moldboard plowing placed 50 to 60% of simulated seed to a depth of 11 to 16 cm. Simulated seed were evenly distributed to 8 cm depth by disking and did not differ regardless of whether plots were chisel or moldboard plowed prior to seed dispersal. More than 90% of seed remained within 2 cm of the surface with no-tillage. Simulated seed distribution was the same after a tillage rotation of chisel plowing, disking, moldboard plowing, and disking regardless if the dispersal event occurred prior to chisel or moldboard plowing. Two years of the tillage rotation and two dispersal events resulted in a distribution pattern greatly influenced by the most recent major tillage of chisel or moldboard plowing. Seedling emergence of common milkweed averaged 80% for seed buried 0.5 to 4 cm deep and emergence was negligible for seed on the surface or buried 7 cm in soil in pots in a growth chamber.
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Seyidaliyev, N., F. Alekperov, and E. Shafiyev. "Effect of Different Growing Depth, Irrigation Forms and Fertilizer Rates on Structural Parameters of Sigalia Soybean Variety." Bulletin of Science and Practice, no. 12 (December 15, 2022): 215–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/85/26.
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The variety plays a special biological role in the production of modern agricultural plants and the implementation of intensive technology. The applied agrotechnical measures have a greater effect on its high and quality yield. This allows any variety to maintain its biological and morphological characteristics for a long time. In the study, the results obtained in the optimization of agrotechnical measures and plowing at both depths were different. The yield, protein yield, oil yield and weight of 1000 seeds were higher in the variants with plowing at the same depth and in the variants irrigated with drip irrigation and N100P80K50kg of fertilizer per hectare. Indicators were higher in the options where plowing was carried out at a depth of 20-25 cm, irrigation system with sprinklers was applied, and fertilizer rate of N100P80K50kg per hectare was applied.
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Yenish, Joseph P., Jerry D. Doll, and Douglas D. Buhler. "Effects of Tillage on Vertical Distribution and Viability of Weed Seed in Soil." Weed Science 40, no. 3 (1992): 429–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500051869.
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The effect of different levels of tillage and weed management on population, distribution, and germination of weed seed was evaluated in three tillage systems at Arlington and Hancock, WI, in 1989 and 1990. Over 60% of all weed seed in the top 19 cm of soil were found in the top 1 cm in no-tillage at both sites. As depth increased, concentration of weed seed declined logarithmically in no-tillage. In chisel plowing, over 30% of seed were in the top 1 cm and seed concentration decreased linearly with depth. Moldboard plowing had uniform distribution of weed seed in the top 19 cm of soil. Preemergence metolachlor plus atrazine decreased weed seed population by 50% compared with no treatment over all tillage systems. One year of the herbicide treatment plus handweeding to assure weed-free conditions did not reduce seed numbers in chisel plowing or moldboard plowing compared to herbicide alone. Seed numbers with no-tillage and weed-free conditions decreased by 40% relative to herbicide alone. Common lambsquarters germination was 40% greater in moldboard plowing and chisel plowing compared with no-tillage. Germination was highest in seed taken from 9 to 19 cm deep in moldboard plowing and from 0 to 9 cm deep in chisel plowing.
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Hossain, Amzad, Yukio Ishimine, Hikaru Akamine, Seiichi Murayama, S. M. Moslem Uddin, and Kiyoshi Kuniyoshi. "Effect of burial depth on emergence ofPanicum repens." Weed Science 47, no. 6 (1999): 651–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500091281.
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In glasshouse experiments,Panicum repensrhizomes with more than two nodes emerged from soil depths of 1 to 20 cm. Emergence from one-node rhizomes was greatly reduced at depths more than 5 cm. In contrast, culm emergence from ginger like rhizomes decreased when burial depth (BD) was greater than 20 to 30 cm.P. repensemerged from deeper soil levels with an increasing number of nodes per cutting. Culms emerged from 36% of total underground regenerative organs. About 75 and 95% of the emerged culms were recorded 30 and 60 d after burial, respectively, and 91% emergence was recorded from 20-cm BD. In field studies, only 9% of nodes produced culms following cross-plowing. About 61 and 67% of the emerged culms were recorded 50 and 60 d after land preparation, respectively. Results indicate that mechanical and chemical control methods could be most effective forP. repenswhen applied approximately 50 d after land preparation. Burying deeper than 30 cm by deep plowing and reducing rhizome length by cross-plowing might effectively reduce emergence ofP. repens.
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Erzamaev, Maxim P., Dmitry S. Sazonov, Leila S. Kurmanova, Evgeny S. Nesterov, and Alexey E. Shlykov. "Development of multistage plowing method that involves subsurface loosening." BIO Web of Conferences 37 (2021): 00044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213700044.
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The paper proposes a new method for multistage plowing that implies loosening bottom soil and subsoil horizon simultaneously, followed by overturning the bottom soil without cutting, which improves the quality of soil cultivation, softens a plow sole and reduces energy costs. Experimental studies confirmed the theoretical relationship for determining the plowing resistance, both of certain working bodies of a section, and of a whole plow. The method proposed for multistage plowing that implies loosening the subsoil provides a decrease in plowing resistance by 8.3-9.8% compared to the existing double-depth plowing followed by loosening the subsoil.
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Israfilova, R. "Effect of Tillage and Inorganic Fertilizers on Gossypium Yield." Bulletin of Science and Practice, no. 5 (May 15, 2023): 163–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/90/20.
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As a result of the research, it was found that tillage and mineral fertilizer application rates had a significant effect on the Gossypium yield, fiber yields and fiber productivity. After the autumn predecessor of wheat, plowing to a depth of 27-30 cm in autumn and loosening to a depth of 6-8 cm before sowing in spring, due to the action of inorganic fertilizers, the Gossypium yield is 2.8-14.1 cwt/ha, the fiber yields is 0.2-1.1%, fiber productivity 1.0-5.2 cwt/ha, plowing to a depth of 27-30 cm before sowing in spring and a disc shovel to a depth of 10-12 cm before sowing in spring. Gossypium yield 2.8-14.3 cwt/ha, fiber yields 0.1-1.3%, fiber productivity 1.0-5.4 cwt/ha, plowing to a depth of 27-30 cm in autumn and spring. Before sowing, when tilling the soil with a disk shovel to a depth of 14-16 cm, due to the action of inorganic fertilizers, the Gossypium yield was 3.8-17.3 cwt/ha, the fiber yields was 0.2-2.8%, the fiber productivity increased by 1.4-7.2 cwt/ha compared to the control variant without fertilizers. If we compare all three methods of tillage, then the highest values are obtained by plowing to a depth of 27-30 cm in autumn and a disc harrow to a depth of 14-16 cm before sowing in spring. norm N120P150K120.
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Kiseleva, T. S., and V. V. Rzaeva. "Influence of basic tillage on the productivity of leguminous crops." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 839, no. 2 (2021): 022043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/839/2/022043.
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Abstract The studies were carried out in order to identify the most effective method (plowing, loosening, their alternation in crop rotation, without main processing) of a mid-depth (20-22 and 12-14 cm) main processing of leached heavy loamy chernozem during cultivation of grain legume crops (peas, chickpeas) in the northern forest-steppe Tyumen region. The work was carried out in 2016–2019. Meteorological conditions in the study area are characterized by long cold winters, warm short summers, short spring and autumn, late spring and early autumn frosts. The highest yield of legumes was noted after plowing by 20-22 cm, so when cultivating peas, it was higher than after loosening to a similar depth, by 0.39 t/ha, chickpea - by 0.53 t/ha, compared with the option of alternating plowing and loosening in crop rotation, by 0.38 and 0.32 t/ha, respectively. With a decrease in tilling depth, the yield of peas and chickpeas decreased: for plowing - by 0.32 and 0.35 t/ha, after loosening - by 0.33 and 0.30 t/ha, in the variant with alternating plowing and loosening - by 0.26 and 0.21 t/ha. The lowest yield in the experiment was noted without basic tillage. The best results after plowing at 20-22 cm were due to the highest yield, as well as the highest mass of 1000 grains, the yield of fodder and grain units in this variant.
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LATEȘ, Daniel, Paul TRIPON, and Eugen MARIN. "Mechanical investigation of a supplementary scraper-type working part." Acta Marisiensis. Seria Technologica 22, no. 1 (2025): 16–20. https://doi.org/10.62838/amset-2025-0003.
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The paper presents a method for performing a static analysis with finite elements for the optimization of the design of a supplementary working scraper type part, mounted with an adjustable adapter behind the body, which equips a reversible plow intended for plowing the soil, together with the results which shows the distribution of the stresses affecting the additional working part as a result of the loads and forces applied to it. The analysis was carried out for two different working regimes: a regime in which the working depth of the additional working body is 50 mm below the plowing working depth of 300 mm, and the forward speed of the aggregate during work is 1 m/s and one where the working depth is 100 mm below the plowing working depth of 300 mm and the forward speed is 2 m/s. The harrow with the scraper is used for loosening the soil layer, not mobilized by the harrow, to a depth of up to 100 mm compared to the plow's working depth. The compacted layer loosened by the scraper becomes permeable to moisture and air. It is recommended to set the scraper at the beginning to a soil depth of 50 mm and gradually bring it to a depth of 100 mm to include layers of soil in circulation during the plowing work, to a total depth of up to 350 mm. The results of this work are primarily aimed at designers of agricultural machines for tillage, but not only.
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Mardinata, Zulias, and Zulkifli Zulkifli. "ANALISIS KAPASITAS KERJA DAN KEBUTUHAN BAHAN BAKAR TRAKTOR TANGAN BERDASARKAN VARIASI POLA PENGOLAHAN TANAH, KEDALAMAN PEMBAJAKAN DAN KECEPATAN KERJA." Jurnal Agritech 34, no. 03 (2014): 354. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/agritech.9465.
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Hand tractor is a type of tractor that is widely used especially in land cultivation by farmers in an effort to increase productivity. The result of land cultivation is infl uenced by plowing depth and working speed, meanwhile the plowing depth and working speed infl uence working capasity and fuel consumption. The aim of this research is to calculate need of fuel consumption and work capasity of hand tractor with single moldboard plow cultivate in various of tillage patterns, plowing depths, working speeds. The tillage patterns used in this research are returned closing and circle methods. This study uses a randomized block design (RBD) factorial. The fi rst factor is the depth of plow consisting of 3 (three)standard treatments, namely: plowing depth 10 cm (D1), 15 cm (D2), 20 cm (D3). The second factor is the speed of the tractor consists of three (3) level of treatment that is: tractor forward speed of 0.83 m/s (V1), 1.25 m/s (V2), and 1, 67 m/s (V3). The parameters of this research are calculate fuel consumption and work capasity of each method with returnedclosing and circle method.The result showed that in plowing depth 10-20 cm and working capasity 0,83-1,67 m/s for cultivating an area of 1 ha with returned closing method is 2.066 l/hour, while the circle method is around 1,107 l/hour, and the interaction factor of working speed and plowing depth is 1,205 – 3,059 l/hours. The average of working capasityis 2,492 hours/ha, in circle method is 4,651 hours/ha, and interaction factor of working speed and plowing depth is 0,868–1,787 hours/ha. Working speed and plowing depth are liniear with fuel consumption and working capasity. The best method in order to effi cient fuel consumption and maximum working capasity is the circle method.Keywords: Fuel consumption, working capasity, working speed, plowing depth, and tillage pattern ABSTRAKTraktor tangan merupakan jenis traktor yang banyak digunakan khususnya dalam pengolahan tanah oleh para petani sebagai usaha untuk meningkatkan produktivitas. Hasil pengolahan tanah dipengaruhi oleh kedalaman pembajakan dan kecepatan kerja traktor, sementara kedalaman pembajakan dan kecepatan kerja berpengaruh terhadap kapasitas kerja dan kebutuhan bahan bakar. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menghitung besarnya kebutuhan bahan bakar dankapasitas kerja traktor tangan dengan alat pengolah tanah bajak singkal tunggal dengan variasi pola pengolahan tanah, kedalaman pembajakan dan kecepatan kerja. Pola pengolahan yang digunakan adalah pola bolak-balik rapat dan pola berkeliling. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) faktorial. Faktor pertama adalah kedalaman bajak singkal yang terdiri dari 3 (tiga) taraf perlakuan yaitu : kedalaman bajak 10 cm (D1), 15 cm (D2), dan 20 cm (D3). Faktor kedua adalah kecepatan traktor terdiri dari 3 (tiga) taraf perlakuan yaitu: kecepatan maju traktor 0,83 m/s (V1), 1,25 m/s (V2), dan 1,67 m/s (V3). Adapun parameter diukur adalah konsumsi bahan bakar dan kapasitas kerja traktor tangan untuk masing-masing pola pengolahan tanah. Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa pada kedalaman pembajakan 10-20 cm dan kecepatan kerja 0,83-1,67 m/s untuk penyiapan lahan seluas 1 ha dengan pola bolak-balik rapat, kebutuhan bahan bakar rata-rata adalah 2,066 l/jam, pada pola berkeliling adalah 1,107 l/jam, dan dengan interaksi faktor kecepatan dengan kedalaman pembajakan adalah 1,205 – 3,059 l/jam. Kapasitas kerja rata-rata adalah 2,492 jam/ha, pada pola berkeliling adalah 4,651 jam/ha, dan interaksinya adalah 0,868 – 1,787 l/jam. Kecepatan dan kedalaman pembajakan berbanding lurus dengan konsumsi bahan bakar dan kapasitas kerja. Pola pengolahan tanah terbaik agar konsumsi bahan bakar efi sien dan kapasitas kerja maksimal adalah pola berkeliling.Kata kunci: Konsumsi bahan bakar, kapasitas kerja, kecepatan, kedalaman, pola pengolahan
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Abdul Hussein, Abbas. "Impact of the Number of Harrowing Times on Draft Force, Soil Fragmentation, and Bulk Density under Different Forward speeds and Depths." University of Thi-Qar Journal of agricultural research 14, no. 1 (2025): 260–72. https://doi.org/10.54174/2scbej38.
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A field experiment was conducted in one of the fields of the Faculty of Agriculture, Karma Ali site, on clay soil, according to a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). The plowing process was performed with a disk plow and harrowing with a disk harrow once, twice, and three times, while the plowing depth of 15, 20, and 25 cm, and the forward speed levels of 2.58, 4.03 and 5.57 km h-1. The results showed that the draft force required by the disk plow used in the plowing process was higher than the traction force required by the draft ged disk harrow used in the harrowing process by a percentage of 10.11, 10.87, and 11.67% in the case of harrowing once, twice, and three times, respectively. The traction force also decreased with increasing harrowing times, as when Increasing the tillage from once to twice and three times decreased the draft force by 15% and 32% respectively. The number of tillage times, once, twice and three times, was significantly superior in reducing the values of the crumbling index and apparent density compared to the plowing process, as the plowing process recorded the highest draft force and the highest values of the crumbling index and apparent density of 14.95 kN, 42.02 mm and 1.35 Mg m-3 respectively. The results also showed the significant interaction between the tillage and the plowing depth in reducing the draft force, crumbling index and apparent density compared to the plowing process. The lowest crumbling index and lowest draft force were at a depth of 15 cm and three times of 14.76 mm and 2.89 kN respectively. The lowest apparent density was 1.09 g.cm-3 at a depth of 15 cm and two times of harrowing. As for the interaction between the plowing and harrowing process and the forward speed, the speed was recorded The forward speed of 2.58 km h-1 and the three-time harrowing operation recorded the lowest draft force of 2.96 kN and the lowest pulverization index at a forward speed of 5.57 km h-1 and three-time harrowing operations of 15.39 mm. The forward speed of 15.57 km h-1 and two-time harrowing operations recorded the lowest apparent density of 1.07 Mg m-3.
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Veleva, P. M., and G. M. Hristova. "Statistical models expressing relations between soil moisture, aggregate speed, and tillage depth at plowing and cultivation." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1216, no. 1 (2022): 012006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1216/1/012006.
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Abstract The study is based on a one-year field experiment (2019) in the land of the Chirpan region located in central Bulgaria. The agrotechnical operations of plowing and cultivation, applied in technology for the production of sunflower, are studied. Four models (Linear, Exponential, Logarithmic, and Quadratic) were compared at p < 0.05, defining the relation between soil moisture, aggregate speed, and the uniformity of the soil index Tillage depth during plowing and cultivation. It was found that in plowing at a speed of 4 km/h the Quadratic model described the relation between soil moisture and tillage depth with the highest coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.682). Relating to plowing at a speed of 4.5 km/h the most suitable is the Exponential model (R2 = 0.729), i.e. about 68.2% and 72.9% of the variations in tillage depth are due to the influence of the moisture of the soil. The coefficients of determination, calculated when cultivating at speeds of 8 km/h (R2 = 0.526) and 9 km/h (R2 = 0.557), show that the Quadratic model most strongly (52.6% and 55.7%) determines the relation between soil moisture and tillage depth. The developed models could be used to optimize the control systems of agricultural machinery.
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Suud, Hasbi Mubarak. "AN IMAGE PROCESSING APPROACH FOR MONITORING SOIL PLOWING BASED ON DRONE RGB IMAGES." Big Data in Agriculture 5, no. 1 (2023): 01–05. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/bda.01.2023.01.05.
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Soil tillage is a crucial stage in growing plants. Plant roots need soil cavities with good aeration which is obtained from an excellent soil-plowing process. Controlling the quality of plowing process should be done quickly and precisely since it affects the planting schedule and seed handling in the field. Monitoring the plowing area using drone is the best way since it has low-cost operations and is easy to operate. Most drones used today are equipped with a CMOS camera sensor that produces RGB images with good resolution. This study tries to maximize these RGB images to analyze the plowing area and plowing depth using the vegetative indices formulas and GLCM function. Vari formula is the best vegetive indices compared with VIgreen and GLI formula that can be used to distinguish plowed and unplowed areas in this study. The segmentation algorithm which was developed in this study can detect the plowing area. Based on the test, the segmentation algorithm can detect the plowed area, and the results have been compared with manual observation. The correlation coefficient (r) between the result of the segmentation algorithm and manual observation is 0.77. The composition of RGB in each pixel influences the algorithm’s performance to distinguish the plowed and unplowed areas. However, the GLCM function is not strong enough to estimate the plowing depth because the correlation coefficient is very weak. © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Zhang, Xiao Xia, and Xiu Li Qiu. "Research on Compound Forming of Outside 3D Integral Fin on Stainless Steel Tube." Applied Mechanics and Materials 670-671 (October 2014): 565–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.670-671.565.
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rolling/plowing-extrusion is a new method for fabricating outside 3D integral fin stainless steel tube.The effect was investigated about Rolling and plowing-extrusion affect the finned forming and structure. In this study, the rolling depth and direction were analyzed. The results are shown that The rolling processing play an important role to finned structure.When the rolling depth is 1.5mm, and other parameters are reasonable by right spiral groove, the optimal fins were obtained.
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Melody Dahou, N., B. Koessi Lié Zokpodo, E. Dossavi Dayou, and N. Abraham Tossou. "Responses of Cotton Crop to use of Different Conventional Tillage Tools in South Alibori Area in Benin." Journal of Agronomy, Technology and Engineering Management (JATEM) 5, no. 3 (2022): 740–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.55817/enuj5560.
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This study aims to assess the influence of the use of motorized plowing tools on cotton development in the South Alibori area in Benin. The plowing tools tested were the disc plow for plowing at 10 cm (CD10) and 20 cm depth (CD20), the moldboard plow at 10 cm (CS10) and 20 cm depth (CS20), the rotavator (Ro) and daba (Ho). A Random Complete Blocks Design constituted of six tools and three replications were implemented on Bensékou, Kokey, and Banigouré sites and were repeated over two campaigns between 2019 and 2021. The results showed that compared with daba, root and stem length increased respectively by 1.1±0.77 cm and 16±2.5 cm with CD10 and CS10 and by 2.5±0.77 cm and 34±1.84 cm with CS20 and CD20. Ramifications and diameter of root and stem were significantly increased with CD20 and CS20 treatments (p˂0.05). Compared with daba, CD10, and CS10 on the one hand, CS20 and CD20 improved the cotton fiber yield by 1.4±0.42 q/ha and 2.7±0.42 q/ha respectively. For both campaigns, plowing at 20 cm depth is recommended for soil preparation for cotton growing.
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Song, Li Hua, and Jun Yuan Kang. "Research on Key Technology of Ultra-High 3D Strengthening Heat Transfer in Plow Machining." Advanced Materials Research 337 (September 2011): 46–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.337.46.
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In accordance with the latest development direction in the filed of strengthening the heat transfer technology of strengthening the heat transfer on division of strengthening heat transfer by international authoritative Professor A.E. Bergle）, including 3D(three-dimensional) heat transfer of ultra-high performance improved in the fins of the design and analysis; 3D heat transfer strengthening of the plowing process mechanism the flexibility ,high speed and high precision of gathered tools and the realization of a 3D digital design and manufacturing . It also researches on the influential law of process parameters on the formation of the fin. It is shown that the whole fin-forming process can be classified into three stages：plowing，heaving and fins forming, and that the front angle，plowing depth and the plowing speed are the main factors influencing the fin forming. Moreover，within a certain range，the height of fin increases with the front angle and the plowing depth.
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Yang, Liu, Deguo Wang, Yanbao Guo, and Shuhai Liu. "Friction and wear behaviors of sand particle against casing steel." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology 233, no. 3 (2018): 393–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1350650118781139.
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Tools abrasive wear due to sand particles has caused severe damage during oil and gas exploitation. The friction and wear behaviors of single quartz sand particle against N80 casing steel were investigated to estimate the particle transport resistance and particle abrasive wear behavior using a homemade tribometer in wellbore sand cleanout. Various measurements were conducted to research the impact factor of particle under different water processing condition, dry, short immersion, wet, influences of load and slide velocity. Experimental results indicated that particle-casing friction resistance is mainly formed due to plowing and adhesion effect. Casing transfer and plowing removal are two main damage forms. Particle real contact area increases noticeably after water absorption, which decreases the hertz contact stress and finally produces less plowing depth of casing steel and causes less damage. With load increasing, friction resistance and wear increase with addition of plowing depth. A simple particle-casing friction model was established considering the experimental contact behavior.
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PARKHOMENKO, S. G., and G. G. PARKHOMENKO. "SIMULATION OF AUTOMATIC CONTROL SYSTEMS OF TILLAGE UNITS." Traktory i sel hozmashiny 84, no. 1 (2017): 22–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-66258.
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The studies were performed to improve workflow of hydraulic automatic control systems of the tillage units. Tillage quality should not deteriorate. Working bodies of tillage machines have to be moved automatically. Automated devices can be separated into two groups: direct and indirect action. It is preferable to indirect action. The article presents analysis of automatic devices used into tillage machines. Automatic control systems can be hydraulic, electro-hydraulic and pneumatic. Mechanical systems are not effective. Hydraulic systems are cheaper electric and pneumatic. They provide best of energy and quality indicators of technological process of tillage. Automatic control systems are uses draft forces, hitch position, depth of the implement, speed, acceleration and other sensors. Method of computer modeling and optimization of hydraulic automatic control systems of tillage units was developed. Results of computer modeling of hydraulic automatic control systems help to select direction of improving quality and energy indicators of technological process of tillage. Optimized combine implement depth and draft control system of arable unit allow reducing deviation the draft force of the plow; deviation of the depth of plowing is equal to or smaller than agro-technical requirements. Deviation of the draft force was decreased to 13.5 % for deviation specific soil resistance - 20 %, depth of plowing - 0.21 m, deviation of the depth of plowing - 0.019 m (9 %). Deviation of the depth of plowing may be decreased to 0.010 m (4,8 %), but deviation of the draft force shell be increased up to 16.2%. Optimized hydraulic automatic control system of garden tiller with a trapezoidal mechanism leaves smaller untreated soil area from 1.37-1.46 times.
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Muhsin, Sadiq J. "Determination of Energy Requirements, Plowed Soil Volume Rate and Soil Pulverization Ratio of Chisel Plow Under Various Operating Conditions." Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences 30, no. 1 (2017): 73–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.37077/25200860.2017.24.
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A field experiments were conducted using a chisel plow in silty loam soil at Agricultural Research Station of Garmat Ali in 2017. Three different levels of forward speed (0.65, 0.87 and 1.65 m sec-1) and plowing depth (10, 20 and 30 cm) were used tostudy their effect on energy utilization efficiency, specific energy, plowed soil volume rate and soil pulverization ratio. The results showed that increasing the forward speed from 0.55 to 1.35 m sec-1, the specific energy, plowed soil volume rate and soilpulverization ratio were increased by 139.43%, 85.10% and 51.72%, respectively, while decreased the energy utilization efficiency by 30.04%. Increasing plowing depth from 10 to 30 cm led to increasing the energy utilization efficiency and the plowed soil volume rate by 34.30% and 87.38%, respectively. In contrast, the soil pulverization ratio and the specific energy decreased by 45.83% and 19.86%, respectively. The interaction between the forward speed and the plowing depth had a significant effect on all parameters in this study.
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Hassan, Dunia Abdel Amir, Ahmed Marza Abboud, and Hanoon Nahi Kadhem. "Effect of Tillage Depths and Addition of Organic Acids on some Physical Properties and Yield of Wheat (Triticum eastvum L.)." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1158, no. 2 (2023): 022018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1158/2/022018.
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Abstract The experiment was carried out in the field at the first research station (Al Bandar) affiliated to the College of Agriculture - University of Al-Muthanna, 5 km from the center of the city of Samawah during the agricultural season 2021-2022 in order to study the effect of plowing depth and the addition of organic acid based on the physical properties in soil and wheat yield (Triticum eastvum L.) The experiment was designed as a factorial on the basis of a split plot design and in (R.C.B.D) design. The experiment included two factors. The first factor was the plowing depths that included three levels of plowing depths (8, 16 and 24) cm and symbolized by (D1, D2, and D3) respectively. The second was the addition of humic and fulvic organic acids, which included five levels (0, 10, 20, 30, 40) liters H-1 and symbolized by H0, H1, H2, H3, and H4 in sequence, subsequently the land was divided into experimental units, and 45 experimental units contained three Sectors, which included the area of one experimental unit (2×2) m2. 8 lines, each 2 m in length, were spaced 20 cm apart to make up the experimental unit, the distance between 75 cm was left between one repeater and another. Then the harvest stage was on 22/4/2022, and the yield was measured The moisture content, apparent and real density, porosity, and grain yield, and the results showed the following: the addition of organic acids at a level of 40 liters of H-1 (H4) affected the reduction of the bulk density (1.277) g.cm-3 and increased the soil moisture (40.56%) and the porosity (51.25%) while it exceeded the level of 30 liters H-1 (H3). ) in the grain yield amounted to (5,489) mcg ha-1. The depth of plowing affected, as the depth D1 exceeded (8) cm in reducing the bulk density (1.276) and the porosity increased (51.21)%, while the depth D3 (24) cm exceeded in the moisture content (36.87), while the depth of (16) cm exceeded D2 in The grain yield reached (5.571) mcg ha-1 The interactions between the added organic fertilizers H3 and the depth of tillage D2 significantly affected the increase in grain yield, which amounted to 5.519 mcg ha-1.
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Disciglio, Grazia, Annalisa Tarantino, Francesco Lops, and Laura Frabboni. "Field management of Phelipanche ramosa on tomatoes by plowing depth or resistance strategies." Agronomía Colombiana 41, no. 1 (2023): e107031. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v41n1.107031.
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Two separate independent experiments were carried out on agronomic approaches for controlling infestation by Phelipanche ramosa: the evaluation of two soil plowing depths (30 and 50 cm) and determining the resistance of two tomato cultivars (SV5197 and SV8840) to this parasitic plant. The experiments were performed in 2014 and 2018 seasons in naturally heavily infested fields in the province of Foggia (Apulia Region, south-eastern Italy). Based on our results, the 50 cm moldboard plowing depth reduced parasite infestation by 41.2% compared to that of 30 cm depth, commonly adopted by local farmers. Higher attachments to the host plants were observed in SV5197 than in SV8840, which could be correlated with the different level of resistance of the host plant. In both experiments, the highest Phelipanche infestation reduced the tomato yield but did not affect the fruit quality.
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Al batat, Diaa Adnan Hameed, and Majed Salih Himoud. "The effect of plowing depth and distance between the two beds of furrows opener developed under different tillage systems on some soil physiology and sunflower crop growth." University of Thi-Qar Journal of agricultural research 12, no. 2 (2023): 143–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.54174/utjagr.v12i2.274.
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Abstract:
 The research was conducted in clayey loamy soil using two plowing systems (T1 chisel) and (T2 moldboard) and three depths of plowing D (10, 20, 30 cm) and three spacing between the two plates of each of the furrows opener (40, 50, 60 cm). ) to study the effect of the developed furrows opener on the physical properties of the soil (bulk density and porosity) and the growth characteristics of the sunflower crop (plant height, , productivity,)
 The furrows opener, when used after the moldboard plow, gave the highest height and the maximum quantity of the total seed yield of the plant, while the three mentioned traits recorded the highest increase at the maximum depth of the stalk (30 cm) and the largest spacing between the boards (60 cm) between the two plates of each of the three The furrows opener weapons, and the traits were affected (Plant height and total seed yield) were significantly affected by the bilateral and triple interactions between the study factors (tillage systems, machine depth, and the distance between the two plates) .While it affected some of the physical soil characteristics represented by the bulk density of the soil and the total porosity of the soil, the sander recorded a decrease in the apparent soil density when used after the chisel plow, and also decreased with the increase in the depth of the machine and with the increase of the inter-distance between the boards of furrow opener, while the bilateral interference was recorded between systems Tillage and tillage depth had a significant effect, while the binary interactions between (tillage regimes spacing between the boards, plow depth, and spacing between the boards) and the triple interaction between the study factors (tillage regimes, plow depth, and spacing between the boards) had no significant effect on bulk density. The developed plow excelled when used after the chisel plow by recording the highest total porosity, which increased with increasing the depth of the machine and increasing the inter-distance, while the bilateral interference between the tillage systems and the depth of the machine had a significant effect, while the bilateral interactions between (the tillage systems and the inter-distance, the depth of the machine and the inter-distance ) and the triple overlap between the study factors (tillage systems, machine depth and spacing between the boards) any significant effect on the total porosity of the soil.
 Keywords: plowing systems, the depth of the machine (the depth of plowing), the distance between the furrow opener plates.
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Belchik, Leanid D., and Anton A. Ananchikov. "Determination of the efficiency of a plowing unit with an electro-hydraulic control system of working bodies." Tractors and Agricultural Machinery 90, no. 5 (2023): 433–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-375295.
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BACKGROUND: When performing plowing operations with modern tractor units equipped with automatic control systems for hitches, various methods of regulating the depth of soil cultivation are used. The main attention should be paid to compliance with agricultural requirements and fuel consumption reduction. However, there is no integrated numerical criterion for joint assessment of these technological process parameters, helping to justify a reasonable regulation method.
 AIMS: Development the integral criterion for assessment of the efficiency of plowing unit operation and selection of a reasonable method for adjusting the depth of cultivation for specific soil conditions.
 METHODS: Mathematical modeling of a plowing unit including the Belarus 1523 tractor with an electro-hydraulic system for controlling the hitch and with the PLN-4-35 four-furrow mounted plow.
 RESULTS: When using the positional method of adjusting the soil cultivation depth, the total fuel consumption per shift is mp = 28.18 kg with a variation of the cultivation depth Va = 9.99%, when using the power method — mp = 29.74 kg and Va = 5.25%, when using the height method — mp = 29.78 kg and Va = 3.23%, and when using combined methods of adjustment, such as positional-power or height-power, the fuel consumption is mp = 28.94 kg, Va = 5.01% and mp = 29.58 kg, Va = 2.63% respectively.
 CONCLUSIONS: The comparative analysis of the research results shows that, given the force and kinematic disturbances from the soil on the plowing unit, the preferred method of adjusting the soil cultivation depth is the height-force method with a mixing coefficient of α = 0.5. With this method, the value of the integral criterion is respectively 1.4 and 1.2 times lower than with force and height adjustment methods.
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А.С., Моторин. "ВЛИЯНИЕ ВСПАШКИ ТОРФЯНИСТО-ГЛЕЕВОЙ ПОЧВЫ НА ВОДНО-ТЕПЛОВОЙ РЕЖИМ И УРОЖАЙНОСТЬ ЯЧМЕНЯ В УСЛОВИЯХ СЕВЕРНОГО ЗАУРАЛЬЯ". Плодородие, № 4(133) (29 вересня 2023): 50–53. https://doi.org/10.25680/s19948603.2023.133.12.
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Увеличение глубины вспашки торфянисто-глеевой почвы с 0,22 до 0,37 м снижает наименьшую влагоемкость в слое 0,2 м с 60,3 до 39,5 мм, в слое 0,2-0,4 м увеличивает ее на 4,7 мм. Припахивание 0,15 м минерального грунта повышает запасы влаги в корнеобитаемом слое 0,3 м на 9,6 мм. В слое почвы 0,6-1,0 м запасы влаги не зависят от глубины вспашки. Влияние припашки минерального грунта на температуру торфянисто-глеевой почвы проявляется незначительно. Обогащение торфяного слоя минеральным грунтом за счет глубокой вспашки увеличивает урожайность ячменя на 0,24-0,71т/га и повышает качество зерна ячменя. An increase in the depth of plowing of peaty-gley soil from 0.22 to 0.37 m reduces the smallest moisture capacity in the 0.2-meter layer from 60.3 to 39.5 mm, in the 0.2-0.4 m layer increases it by 4 .7 mm. Plowing 0.15 m of mineral soil increases the moisture reserves in the root layer of 0.3 m by 9.6 mm. At a depth of 0.6-1.0 m, moisture reserves do not depend on the amount of plowing. The effect of mineral soil plowing on the temperature of peaty-gley soil is insignificant. Enrichment of the peat layer with mineral soil due to deep plowing increases the yield of barley by 0.24-0.71 t/ha and improves the quality of barley grain.
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Kareem1, Aslam M. H., and Abdul Razzaq A. L. Jassim2. "A STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF AN EIGHT-PURPOSE COMPOUND MACHINE ON SOME PHYSICAL SOIL PROPERTIES." iraqi journal of market research and consumer protection 16, no. 2 (2024): 238–45. https://doi.org/10.28936/jmracpc16.2.2024.(20).
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A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of a locally developed and assembled eight-purpose compound equipment on some physical soil properties in a silty clay loam soil in one of the fields of the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences/University of Baghdad/Al-Jadriyah for the spring growing season of 2023. The experiment used, the MF-650 Tractor. The study included two factors: the first factor had three seed rates 3, 4, and 5 kg donum-1, and the second factor had three tillage depths of 15, 20, and 25 cm, have been studied the bulk density of the soil, soil moisture content, germination rate, number of fallen seeds, and percentage of broken grains. The experiment used a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with split-plot arrangement and three replications. The least significant difference (LSD) at a significance level of 0.05 was used to compare the means of the treatments. The results indicate significant differences in the physical soil properties due to plowing depth and seeding rate. A plowing depth of 15 cm resulted in the soil՚s lowest bulk density, reaching 1.02 µg m-3. It also resulted in the lowest soil moisture content (12.69%), germination rate (68.83%), and percentage of broken seeds (3.77%). The results indicated no significant differences in the physical soil properties due to the seeding rate and no significant interaction in the physical soil properties between plowing depth and seeding rate.
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Lykhovyd, P. V., та S. O. Lavrenko. "Вплив обробітку ґрунту та мінеральних добрив на біологічну активність ґрунту під посівами кукурудзи цукрової". Ukrainian Journal of Ecology 7, № 4 (2017): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/2017_81.
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<p>The article is devoted to study of the biological activity of soil under sweet corn crops depending on tillage depth, mineral fertilizers application rate with drip irrigation in the soil-ecological conditions of the Dry Steppe Zone of Ukraine. The plan of the experiment foresaw study of such factors: A — tillage depth (moldboard plowing on 20-22 and 28-30 cm); B — mineral fertilizers application rate (no fertilizers, N<sub>60</sub>P<sub>60</sub>, N<sub>120</sub>P<sub>120</sub>); C — plants density (35, 50, 65, 80 plants ha<sup>-1</sup>). We used water of the Ingulets irrigation system for irrigation. The water belongs to II quality class by agronomical criteria of the DSTU 2730-94 and its suitability for irrigation is limited. We studied the soil biological activity on variants with 65 plants ha<sup>-1 </sup>by the indicies of its respiration rate (method of V.I. Shtatnov) and linen decomposition degree (“application” method). At the same time we have made monitoring of the soil meliorative state depending on the moldboard plowing depth by the toxic salts content, anionic-cationic composition of the aqueous soil extract. The results of the laboratory-field experiments prove that the moldboard plowing depth , mineral fertilizers application rates and soil meliorative state have an influence on its biological activity. The maximum respiration rate, which is used to characterize an activity of the aerobic microflora of the upper soil layers, was at moldboard plowing on depth of 20-22 cm at non-fertilized experimental variant — 250.0 mg СО<sub>2</sub>/m<sup>2</sup>×hour. Increase of the tillage depth and mineral fertilizers application rate significantly decreased carbonic acid emission to the athmosphere, which was the minimum of 178.3 mg СО<sub>2</sub>/m<sup>2</sup>×h. The maximum linen decomposition degree, which is used to characterize an activity of the cellulose-decomposing soil microflora, was at moldboard plowing depth of 28-30 cm at non-fertilized experimental variant — 58.3%. The tillage depth changed cellulose-decomposing soil microflora activity insignificantly. Mineral fertilizers application at the maximum rate of N<sub>120</sub>P<sub>120</sub>decreased cellulose-decomposing soil biota activity 1.7 times comparatively to non-fertilized variant. Higher toxic salts concentration (at 0.006-0.019 %), sodium ions content (at 0.15-0.38 mg-eq/100 g of soil) in the 0-50 cm layer led to decrease of the soil biological activity. We consider, that the best from the agroecological point of view is the variant with moldboard plowing depth of 28-30 cm, mineral fertilizers application rate N<sub>120</sub>P<sub>120</sub>.</p>
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Palamarchuk, Vitalii, and Vladyslav Pidlubnyi. "THE INFLUENCE OF THE MAIN TILLAGE SYSTEM ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF SUNFLOWER HYBRIDS." Agriculture and Forestry, no. 4 (December 24, 2021): 25–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2707-5826-2021-4-3.
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The article highlights the solution of important scientific issues - increasing the yield of sunflower hybrids by applying the optimal system of basic tillage in the context of global climate change. The research was carried out in 2021 in the experimental field of VNAU on the basis of NDG "Agronomichne", which is located in the village of Agronomichne, Vinnytsia region. We studied three methods of basic tillage for sunflower crops - plowing to a depth of 23-25 cm (control), mouldboardless loosening - deep cultivator to a depth of 14-16 cm and surface disk tillage to a depth of 10-12 cm in the cultivation of sunflower hybrids of different maturity groups SI Arco, Alcantara and NC Brio). The best conditions for growth and development of sunflower plants were created in the variant where the mouldboard tillage was carried out with a plow PLN-3-35 to a depth of 23-25 cm and the whole period the cultivated plants were without competition from weeds for life factors - SI Arko - 143 cm, Alcantara - 158 cm and NC Brio - 177 cm. It should also be noted the increase in the height of sunflower plants with the extension of the growing season. The height of plants in the early-ripening hybrid of sunflower SI Arco in 2021 ranged from 122-143 cm, middle-early Alcantara - 142-158 cm and medium-ripe NK Brio - 160-177 cm, i.e. was the highest. Shallow and surface tillage with disc implements increases vegetative weeds by 2.3 and 2.8 times, respectively. The implementation of protective mechanized measures for sunflower sowing against weeds has contributed to a significant reduction in their number. Thus, in the control variant with shelf plowing with PLN-3-35 plow to a depth of 23-25 cm in the flowering phase of the basket, it was in the hybrid of sunflower SI Arco - 28 pcs. / m2, Alcantara - 45 pcs. / m2 and NK Brio - 25 pcs. ./m2, on the version with shelf-free loosening with a deep ripper "Bravo Till" to a depth of 14-16 cm - 75 pcs./ m2, 83 and 78 pcs./ m2, and with surface disk tillage harrow BDT-7 to a depth of 10-12 cm were the highest - 127 units / m2, 134 and 119 units / m2. Against the background of plowing, their number decreased by 31.2-42.8%. Carrying out mechanical measures (one before ladder and one after ladder harrowing, as well as inter-row loosening in the phase of 5-6 leaves of sunflower) protection of sunflower against the background of plowing helped to reduce weeds by 21.0-33.6%. At the end, plowing yield of sunflower seeds was higher (by 0.21-0.74 t / ha). The value of oil content when using mouldboard plowing was the highest and was in SI Arco - 46.4%, Alcantara - 47.2% and NC Brio - 47.4%.
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Grebennikov, А. М., А. S. Frid, V. P. Belobrov, et al. "INFLUENCE OF THE DIFFERENT SOIL PREPARATION METHODS ON THE PEA YIELD." Vestnik of the Russian agricultural science, no. 2 (April 11, 2018): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.30850/vrsn/2018/2/16-20.
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The article assesses the relationships between the morphological properties of agrochernozems and yield of peas on the plots, experience with different methods of basic treatment (moldboard plowing at the depth of 20 - 22, 25 - 27 and 14 - 16 cm, moldboard plowing to a depth of 14 - 16 cm, combined midwater moldboard, mid-water subsurface, surface to a depth of 6 - 8 cm and zero tillage) is inherent in V.V. Dokuchaev Research Institute of Agriculture of the Central Black Earth strip, in the fall of 2014. The research was conducted in 2015 - 2016, with the application of mineral fertilizers (N60Р60К60) and unfertilized background. The highest pea yields in the fertilized as the background, and without the use of fertilizers was observed in dumping plowing and especially in the variant with deep moldboard plowing, which creates in comparison with other ways of handling the best conditions for the growth and development of peas. The lowest yield of pea was obtained with zero processing. Apparently legalistic migrational-mizelial agrochernozems the Central Chernozem zone of minimum tillage in the cultivation of peas are not effective, what is evident already in the first year after the laying of experience with different basic treatments. As shown by the results of applying multifactor analysis of variance studied the mapping properties of the soil can have the same significant impact on the yield of agricultural crops, as options for the field experiments aimed at assessing the impact of various treatments on yield.
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Ali Hamid, Ahmed Abd. "Calculating the Total Costs of the Tractor and the Chisel Plow under Variable Speeds and Depth of Tillage." Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal 16, no. 1 (2024): 26–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.52951/dasj.24160103.
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Factorial experiments were conducted in a silt clay loam soil with a randomized complete block design with three replications for each treatment. This study aimed to calculate machinery unit costs and some indicators during primary tillage, under variable tractor speeds of 1.8, 3.5 and 5.7 km.h-1 and depth of plowing 20, 30 and 40 cm. A higher speed of 5.7 km.h-1 is associated with higher practical productivity of 0.9696 ha.h-1; specific productivity of tillage 4309 m.h-1; a volume of soil disturbed 2884 m3. h-1. The best fixed, management, total tractor, total plow and total machinery unit costs were 2.27, 0.80, 9.02,1.01 and 10.04 $.ha-1 respectively. Additionally, lower fuel consumption was 8.56 l.ha-1, and the actual time for plowing one hectare was 1.02 h. The depth of tillage 20 cm recorded a higher productivity of 0.6412 ha.h-1, the specific productivity of tillage was 2849 m.h-1, less fuel consumption of 7.74 l.ha-1, less actual time of plowing one hectare of 1.95 hThe least fixed, variable, management, total tractor, total plow and total machinery unit costs were 4.32, 4.71, 0.89, 9.94,1.94 and 11.89 $.ha-1 respectively. All interactions among the treatments were significant. The experiment concluded that the plowing depth has a greater effect than speed on all operating costs of the tractor and chisel plow and performance indicators. The correlations among the indicators studied were direct (positive) and inverse (negative) significantly and were also non-significant.
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Mamatov, F., I. Temirov, P. Berdimuratov, A. Mambetsheripova, and S. Ochilov. "Study on plowing of cotton soil using two-tier plow." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 939, no. 1 (2021): 012066. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/939/1/012066.
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Abstract The purpose of the study is to substantiate the parameters of a two-tier plow for plowing soil from under cotton. The basic principles and methods of classical mechanics, mathematical analysis and statistics were used in this study. The effects of the cotton field relief on the tillage and traction resistance of a two-tier plow were studied theoretically and experimentally. Analytical expressions are obtained for determining the uniformity of the course, the load of the bodies and the center of resistance of the plow, depending on its main parameters and the roughness of the relief of the cotton field. It is established that serial two-tier plows, due to the discrepancy between their width of the gripper and the width of the row spacing, do not meet the requirements of agricultural technology: the plowing depth is not stable, the coefficient of variation of the plowing depth reaches 16% for a trailed plow, and for a mounted plow - 25.8%; the transverse direction of the plough the bottom of the furrow turns out to be stepped; the value of the traction resistance changes at each pass of the plow. To improve the quality of plowing fields from under cotton, a new plowing method has been developed, carried out by a two-tier plow, the width of which is a multiple of the width of the row spacing of cotton. The width of the plow bodies is equal to half the width of the row spacing.
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Li, Baozhen, Jianyong Li, Wengang Fan, Tong Xuan, and Jinhuan Xu. "The Dislocation- and Cracking-Mediated Deformation of Single Asperity GaAs during Plowing Using Molecular Dynamics Simulation." Micromachines 13, no. 4 (2022): 502. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13040502.
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This work simulates the plowing process of a single asperity GaAs by diamond indenter using molecular dynamics simulations. The deformation mechanism of asperity GaAs is revealed by examining the topography evolution and stress state during the plowing. This work also investigates the origin of the influence of asperity size, indenter radius and plow depth on the deformation of the asperity GaAs. We observed the initiation and propagation of cracks up to the onset of fracture and the plastic activity near the indenter, obtaining more information usually not available from planar GaAs in normal velocity plowing compared to just plastic activity. The simulations demonstrated the direct evidence of cracking in GaAs induced by plowing at an atomic level and probed the origin and extension of cracking in asperity GaAs. This finding suggests that cracking appears to be a new deformation pattern of GaAs in plowing, together with dislocation-dominated plasticity modes dominating the plowing deformation process. This work offers new insights into understanding the deformation mechanism of an asperity GaAs. It aims to find scientific clues for understanding plastic removal performed in the presence of cracking.
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Dementiev, D. A., and A. A. Fadeev. "The effect of tillage methods on the cellulose-decomposing activity of the soil and on crop yields in crop rotations." Agricultural Science Euro-North-East 24, no. 3 (2023): 430–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.30766/2072-9081.2023.24.3.430-439.
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In the conditions of the Chuvash Republic in a long-term stationary experiment there has been studied the effect of crop rotations (grain- fallow and green manure) and methods of primary tilling of soil (by the plow PLN-3-35 to the depth of 24-26 cm; by the combined unit KOS-3.0 to 14-16 cm; by the disc header BDM-4-3.2 to 10-12 cm without autumn tilling) on the cellulose-decomposing activity of the soil by the method of setting up flax linen and on the crop yield. The article provides 2016-2020 data. It has been established that plowing increased the total soil porosity (55.3…63.5 %) and provided maximum decomposing of flax linen (42.9…51.3 %). Absence of primary soil tilling led to the statistically significant decrease in the porosity (50.8…59.3 %) and cellulose-decomposing activity (36.1…43.9 %). Maximum yield of crops in crop rotation was obtained by cultivation according to traditional plowing. When replacing plowing by subsoil tillage the use of combined stubble cultivator KOS-3.0 was the best variant. Primary tillage of soil to the depth of 14-16 cm using KOS-3.0 unit instead of plowing led to the significant yield decrease (by 0.29 t/ha) of spring vetch only. Among other cultures of crop rotation there was no significant yield decrease. Complete rejection of autumn soil tillage led to 16-25 % yield loss in grain crops. Plowing to the depth of arable layer (24-26 cm) as primary autumn tillage of soil increased the fertility indicators of dark-gray wooded soil (its total porosity, cellulose-decomposing activity) and yield of cultures in crop rotation. But when changing over to resource saving technologies for primary autumn tilling of soil under grain crops the combined unit stubble cultivator KOS-3.0 should be used.
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Swanton, Clarence J., Anil Shrestha, Stevan Z. Knezevic, Robert C. Roy, and Bonnie R. Ball-Coelho. "Influence of tillage type on vertical weed seedbank distribution in a sandy soil." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 80, no. 2 (2000): 455–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p99-020.
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The vertical distribution of weed seeds in the seedbank of a sandy soil under three tillage systems (moldboard plow, chisel plow, and no-till) was estimated by a seedling-emergence method. The vertical distribution of the weed seedbank differed with tillage type and depth of tillage. The no-till system had the largest portion (90%) of the seedbank in the 0- to 5-cm layer. Chisel plowing distributed most of the seeds (66%) in the 5- to 10-cm layer. Moldboard plowing concentrated 71% of the seeds at the 10- to 15-cm depth. Our results suggest that the vertical distribution of the weed seedbank will be influenced by tillage type, depth of tillage, and soil type. Key words: Soil structure, moldboard plow, chisel plow, no-till
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Demshin, S. L., D. A. Cheremisinov, V. P. Ostal’tsev, and V. V. Ilyichev. "Results of the research of the basic model of multifunctional tillage unit." Agricultural Science Euro-North-East 20, no. 2 (2019): 172–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.30766/2072-9081.2019.20.2.172-182.
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The analysis of equipment for basic boardless plowing and surface tillage revealed the absence in the market of agricultural machinery of multifunctional units capable of reliable and efficient performing both types of tillage by means of one machine. The constructive-technological scheme is offered and the basic model of the unit with replaceable working bodies is developed: flat hoes for performance of the basic processing of soil at 14-25 сm with the creation of a mulch layer and cultivator hoes for carrying out the surface and shallow tillage at 5-14 cm. To assess the effectiveness of the basic model of the unit in 2018 in field conditions a research was carried out, during which the main agrotechnical indicators of the quality of soil treatment were determined. Studies have shown that the degree of crumbling of the soil at the basic boardless plowing of sod-podzolic medium loamy soil at a speed of more than 6.5 km/h exceeded 80 %. For shallow tillage to a depth of 12 cm in the range of operating speeds above 7.0 km/h the amount of a soil fraction up to 25 mm was not less than 70 %. The unit stably sustains the working coverage width and the installation depth of tillage. The variant of the unit with a set of working bodies for the basic boardless plowing in the entire range of operating speeds provides an average tillage depth of 19.5-21.0 cm at an installation depth of 20 cm, with working bodies for shallow tillage - of 11.5-12.0 cm at an installation depth of 12 cm. The height of roughness of the field surface after the basic boardless plowing was 20.7-23.0 mm, for shallow tillage – 12.5-17.0 mm. The results of the research showed that the basic model of the multifunctional unit can perform the basic boardless plowing and shallow tillage in compliance with the basic agrotechnical requirements without the use of replaceable adapters for additional tillage of the top layer of soil. The use of additional working bodies will make it possible to form more highly specialized versions of the machine based on the basic model of the unit.
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Maslov, Gennadiy, Elena Yudina, Nikolai Malashikhin, and Gavriil Samurganov. "Intellectual multi-functional plowing unit." BIO Web of Conferences 27 (2020): 00003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20202700003.
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A multi-functional plowing unit, combining the operation of the base fertilizer application in one pass, the moldboard plowing, the additional crumbling and the soil leveling is proposed and its efficiency is substantiated. A distinctive advantage of the new unit is the separate fertilizer application to a required depth in the arable layer in accordance with the requirements of a scientifically based farming system: phosphorus fertilizers are applied with a special plow attachment to the bottom of the ploughed furrow, potash and nitrogen fertilizers are distributed throughout the layer by plow moldboards. Additional crumbling and leveling of the plowed surface are carried out simultaneously with plowing by the attachment consisting of a combination of annular-spur and wedge-shaped discs. A prior-art plow body with rightand left-side plowshares was used in the design, which allows discerning the field board, reducing plowing resistance and increasing productivity of the unit. Technical and economic indicators of the multi-functional unit were calculated and analyzed. The qualitative indicators of plowing were also analyzed in comparison with conventional serial plows. Fulfilling the main objective of increasing productivity and reducing costs, the proposed multi-functional unit does not increase, but rather reduces the dust content in the arable layer compared to disc implements, thus reducing erosion processes.
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Osaulenko, S. N., and V. S. Polous. "NFLUENCE OF METHODS AND TECHNIQUES OF BASIC PROCESSING ON SOIL MOISTURE, DENSITY OF ADDITION AND YIELD OF PEAS." AGRO-INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGIES OF THE CENTRAL RUSSIA 2, no. 21 (2021): 74–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.24888/2541-7835-2021-20-74-80.
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Seed peas were sown in 2016-2018 after plowing to a depth of 22-24 cm, as well as with surface (6-8 cm) and zero tillage with the introduction of mineral fertilizers at a dose of N6P26 for the predecessor of mogar (crop sowing). The productive moisture in the 0-100 cm layer before sowing was 167.2 mm when plowing to a depth of 22-24 cm and 158.4 mm-without mechanical tillage. Its content was determined by 18% of the precipitation for November-February and by 2% - the depth of the main tillage. Before harvesting, 64.1 mm of available moisture was preserved on the plowed plots. The density of addition of ordinary chernozem in a layer of 0-30 cm with zero treatment before sowing was 1.15 g / cm3, before harvesting-1.18 g/cm3. This exceeded the con-trol version by 0.07 g/cm3 and 0.03 g/cm3, respectively. The average yield of peas in 2016-2017 was 3.79 t / ha for plowing, 3.71 t / ha for surface treatment (by 6-8 cm), 3.61 t / ha with direct sowing technology, providing a conditional net income 12,9-13,7-14,0 thousand rubles / ha, re-spectively.
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Alamouti, M. Younesi, and M. Navabzadeh . "Investigation of Plowing Depth Effect on Some Soil Physical Properties." Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 10, no. 24 (2007): 4510–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2007.4510.4514.
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Ikoeva, L. P. "THE STUDY OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DEPTH, METHODS OF SOIL CULTIVATION AND POTATO YIELD IN THE MOUNTAINOUS ZONE OF THE REPUBLIC OF NORTH OSSETIA-ALANIA." Proceedings of Gorsky State Agrarian University 61, no. 3 (2024): 6–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.54258/20701047_2024_61_3_6.
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Depth and methods of soil cultivation for potatoes are among the most important agrotechnical techniques that allow increasing the yield of tubers without significant additional costs. The studies were conducted from 2020 to 2023, in the mountain-meadow subalpine zone in the Dargavs basin of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania at an altitude of 1450 m above sea level (Dargavs village). The soil of the experimental site belongs to the mountain-meadow subalpine leached with a humus-illuvial horizon loamy on the eluvium of clay shale. Meteorological conditions during the years of the studies were noted as contrasting. Temperature conditions in the spring were relatively favorable, but during the flowering phase a decrease in air humidity and an increase in air and soil temperature were noted. Potatoes of the Farn variety were planted in the first ten days of May, harvested in the second ten days of September. Moldboard-less tillage methods do not significantly affect soil moisture, accumulation of available nutrients, crop yield and its quality compared to moldboard ones, but weed infestation increases. Plowing of mountain chernozems of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania should be carried out to a depth of no more than 25 cm. Increasing the plowing depth to 35 cm or decreasing it to 15 cm causes a decrease in crop yield (subsoil tillage). Economic efficiency with moldboard plowing to a depth of 25 cm: profit from sales per 1 ha amounted to 283.1 thousand rubles. Increasing the plowing depth to 35 cm reduced profit to 56.1 thousand rubles, and decreasing it to 15 cm to 52.2 thousand rubles. The level of economic profitability amounted to 141.4; 165.7 and 147.2 %, respectively. When applying fertilizers at a dose of N60P60K60 and cultivating the soil with a flat cutter to a depth of 25 cm, the profit amounted to 247.1 thousand rubles per 1 ha with an economic profitability of 152.2 %.
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Khamokov, Kh A., I. M. Khanieva, and A. L. Boziev. "Influence of soil tillage methods on yield indicators and results of soybean plant symbiosis activity under conditions of moisture deficiency (in areas of insufficient soil moisture)." Izvestiya of Kabardino-Balkarian State Agrarian University named after V.M. Kokov, no. 2(36) (2022): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.55196/2411-3492-2022-2-36-21-26.
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The article reveals the dependence of the symbiotic activity of soybean plants on the ongoing methods of tillage. The studies were carried out in the steppe zone of Kabardino-Balkaria in the period from 2015 to 2019. on ordinary chernozems. During the experiments, three variants of soil cultivation were used: moldboard plowing to a depth of 20-25 cm, flat-cut plowing to a depth of 20-25 cm and shallow loosening to a depth of 10-12 cm. Soybean varieties were studied: early-ripening – Avanta, late-ripening – Vilana. The predecessor for soybean plants was corn for grain, the sowing method was wide-row with a row spacing of 45 cm. As a result of the study with the use of moldboard plowing, the yield was 12-14% higher than with flat-cut plowing.During periods of sufficient moisture supply (2016 and 2018), soybean plants formed the best yield relative to the indicators obtained under conditions of insufficient moisture (2015, 2017 and 2019). When using moldboard plowing, the soybean yield was 17.2 c/he under conditions of sufficient moisture supply, and with moisture deficiency – 15.8 c/he. Favorable conditions for the effective passage of photosynthesis and the work of the symbiotic apparatus of soybean plants are created while minimizing tillage, which affects the value and indicators of the yield structure. Studies have shown that early sowing periods have advantages over late ones, which is confirmed by high yield structure indicators and indicate a more efficient use of soil moisture reserves by soybean plants in spring.
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Maliarchuk, V., O. Revto, A. Maliarchuk, and O. Litovchenko. "OPTIMIZATION OF SUNFLOWERS CULTIVATION TECHNOLOGY ELEMENTS IN THE SOUTH OF UKRAINE." Technical and technological aspects of development and testing of new machinery and technologies for agriculture of Ukraine 2, no. 35(49) (2024): 117–26. https://doi.org/10.31473/2305-5987-2024-2-35(49)-11.
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The article presents the results of experimental research on the effects of different methods and depths of primary tillage and seeding rates of viable seeds per hectare on water consumption and productivity of sunflower crops under the conditions of southern Ukraine. The objective of the study is to establish the effectiveness of various primary soil tillage methods, their depths, and seeding rates of viable seeds in sunflower cultivation on the lands of southern Ukraine. Methods and Materials. The experiment utilized field, quantitative-weight, visual, laboratory, calculation-comparative, and mathematical-statistical methods, adhering to widely recognized methodologies and guidelines. Results. The water consumption coefficient decreased with an increase in plant density, promoting more efficient water use. The results demonstrated that plowing to a depth of 30-32 cm with a seeding rate of 40,000 seeds/ha ensured the highest yield (2.64 t/ha) and economic efficiency, with a profit of 29,772 UAH/ha and profitability of 181%. The lowest indicators were observed with disk tillage at a depth of 12-14 cm, where the yield did not exceed 1.89 t/ha. An analysis of economic indicators confirmed the feasibility of using plowing with a seeding rate of 40,000 seeds/ha as the most productive and profitable option. The research confirmed the dependence of yield and economic efficiency on technological factors, particularly soil tillage methods and seeding rates of viable seeds. Sunflower cultivation is profitable in all studied options, but optimizing technological parameters can significantly improve crop productivity. Conclusions. In the conditions of southern Ukraine, when cultivating sunflowers on dark chestnut soils, it is advisable to conduct plowing to a depth of 30-32 cm and use a seeding rate of 40,000 viable seeds per hectare to create favorable soil moisture conditions and satisfactory crop status. This approach promotes efficient resource use and increases yield to 2.64 t/ha with a profitability level of 181%. Keywords: sunflower, tillage method and depth, seeding rate of viable seeds, crop water consumption, yield, economic efficiency.
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YA.Hryhoriv, A.Butenko, L.Kriuchko, et al. "The influence of care systems on biometric and yield indicators of oats." Modern Phytomorphology 17, no. 2 (2023): 66–70. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7966104.
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Research results on study of the influence of different methods of cultivation on performance of oat on soddy-podzolic soils under the conditions of the Eastern Carpathian Foothills of Ukraine are given. Plowing to a depth of 20 cm-22 cm and 14 cm-16 cm has been established to form the highest yield of oat grains at the level of 3.5 t/ha-3.45 t/ha, which is 0.2 t/ha-0.15 t/ha more than surface tillage. Maximum protein content has appeared to be when plowing the soil to 20 cm-22 cm is 9.7%. Herewith, natural weight of oat grains decreased by 1.9%, and hull content increased by 3.6 relative percent compared to disk plowing.
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Bulgakov, Volodymyr, Aivars Aboltins, Hristo Beloev, et al. "Experimental Investigation of Plow-Chopping Unit." Agriculture 11, no. 1 (2021): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11010030.
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The article presents research results of a machine-tractor unit that performs two technological operations simultaneously: (i) chopping plant residues (sunflower stubble); (ii) covering the chopped stubble with the soil. The first operation is carried out with a front-mounted plant residues chopper, and the second one is carried out with a rear-mounted plough. The chopper’s working devices are rotated by the tractor’s front power take-off (PTO), which has two operating modes: 540 and 1000 rpm. It was determined that to reduce the dynamic load in the drive of the chopper’s plant residues working devices, to chop these residues qualitatively, and then to cover them with the soil, the tractor’s front PTO should be adjusted to a speed of 1000 rpm. With this mode of the chopper’s working device’s rotation, the difference in its vertical vibrations’ dispersion and the tractor front axle’s oscillations is insignificant. The variance of the plowing depth vibrations (1.44 cm2), changing aperiodically in the frequency range of 0–2.5 Hz, is not accidentally less than the variance of irregularities vibrations of the longitudinal field profile (2.75 cm2). The plough draft resistant oscillations of the plow-chopping unit had the least impaction at the plowing depth oscillations. The proof of this is the small value of the cross correlation function; for such oscillating processes as ‘plough draft resistance—plowing depth’, it was equal to 0.22, which is 3.4 times less than for oscillating processes ‘surface’s longitudinal profile—plowing depth’. The number of chopped particles less than 15 cm in length increased by 1.5 times, and the number of particles longer than 30 cm decreased by 3 times. With the complete incorporation of plant residues into the soil, their non-chopped part did not exceed 1%.
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Tukhtakuziev, A. "Ensuring the Uniformity of Tillage Depth." Agricultural Machinery and Technologies 13, no. 3 (2019): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.22314/2073-7599-2019-13-3-34-38.
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The authors have described the required conditions for uniform soil tillage at a given depth. It has been shown that depth wheels of tillage machines should be constantly pressed to the soil surface. The study has confi rmed the need to determine the optimal value of the vertical pressure force exerted by the depth wheels on the soil. (Research purpose) To determine ways to ensure the given depth of tillage and the required uniformity using a mounted plow with a depth wheel. (Materials and methods) The authors conducted theoretical studies using methods of theoretical and agricultural mechanics, as well as analytical geometry. They made a diagram of forces acting on the plow in the process of plowing. (Results and discussion) The authors obtained an analytical relationship to determine the vertical pressure force exerted on the soil by a depth wheel of a mounted plow taking into account dimensions and parameters of a tractor mounting system as well as a plow mounting linkage. The optimal values of vertical distance from the plow supporting plane to its lower connecting points were graphically determined. The authors calculated the optimal numerical values of the parameters taken into account: the vertical distance from the tractor's supporting plane to the attachment point of the lower links of its attachment mechanism is 0.6 meters; the number of bodies installed on a plow – 4; the weight of one plow body is 250 kilograms; the plow effi ciency – 0.7; plowing (tillage) depth – 0.3 meters; horizontal distance from the lower connecting points of the plow to the share point of the fi rst body – 0.45 meter; longitudinal distance between the plow bodies – 1.0 meter; plow landside width – 0.2 meters; coeffi cient of rolling resistance to the depth wheel of the plow – 0.2; the diameter of the depth wheel – 0.5 meters etc. (Conclusions) It has been established that in order to ensure a required plowing depth and uniformity, vertical distance from the supporting plane of four-body plows coupled with 3-4 class wheeled tractors to the lower connecting points should be within 0.703-0.771 meters.