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PREOBRAZHENSKII, Boris G. "An analysis of tools to assess the effectiveness of government development programmes at the meso-level." Regional Economics: Theory and Practice 19, no. 7 (July 15, 2021): 1204–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/re.19.7.1204.
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Subject. This article analyzes the effectiveness of government-sponsored schemes. Objectives. The article aims to analyze the use of tools to assess the effectiveness of public programmes in the management of regional development and assess the preference for the use of certain analytical tools. Methods. For the study, I used a comparative analysis, and the systems, logical and structural, and descriptive approaches. Results. The article classifies the prerequisites for monitoring the implementation of public programmes, performs a content analysis of methodological approaches to assessing the effectiveness of State (regional) programmes, and presents an interpretation of the results of their comparison. Conclusions. A comprehensive assessment of the quality of programme implementation management should correspond to the development goals of the modern management paradigm; when evaluating the effectiveness and efficiency of programme implementation, it is necessary to take into account the individual nature of meso-economic systems. Adjusting the trajectory of programme implementation involves taking into account the principle of derivation when making preventive decisions at different levels of the management hierarchy.
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Reynolds, T. M., and J. Aldis. "Median parameters for Down's syndrome screening should be calculated using a moving time-window method." Annals of Clinical Biochemistry: International Journal of Laboratory Medicine 45, no. 6 (September 9, 2008): 567–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/acb.2008.008057.
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Background In Down's syndrome screening, the change in analyte concentrations in maternal serum with advancing gestational age is compensated for by converting concentration to multiples of the median (MoM) by using a mathematical equation describing the expected relationship. However, owing to assay drifts and shift, the equation may be incorrect, leading to deviation of the observed MoM distribution from the ideal MoM distribution. The NHS Fetal Anomaly Screening Programme has produced standards limiting acceptable deviation, and has provided the Down's Syndrome Screening Quality Assurance Service (DQASS) to monitor it. DQASS recommends monitoring by cumulative sum plot. Methods Down's screening data for 61,368 consecutive samples (12 October 2004 to 31 December 2007) was evaluated using different median assignment techniques. Results A change in the paradigm for median equation derivation is described, which significantly improves the probability that medians will be correct at any point in time. Conclusion Software developers need to change the way medians are derived in their programmes.
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Ingwe, Richard, Joseph K. Ukwayi, and Edward U. Utam. "Federal Revenue Sharing, Marginalisation and Sub-National Inter-Regional Inequality in Human Capital Development in South-Eastern and Southern Nigeria." Quaestiones Geographicae 32, no. 2 (June 1, 2013): 51–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/quageo-2013-0013.
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Abstract Regional development planning/management responds to needs for preventing inequality among regions within nations characterised by multi-culturality and variation among regions, through the planning/management of appropriate programmes and policies. This paper examines inequality in the development of two of Nigeria’s states in the geographical South-East and the political South-South. Among other issues, historical conflicts among various ethno-cultural groups constituting Nigeria and culminating in violence (e.g. the 1967-1970 civil war fought against the programme of Ibo (a socio-cultural group) seceding from Nigeria’s federation to found Biafra) are reviewed. Despite Nigeria’s tragic civil war, inequality persists. We examine inequality resulting from systematic implementation of policies/programmes of Nigeria’s federal government institutions that marginalise Cross River State. Using the methods of comparative analysis and a descriptive case study, we show the consequences of marginalisation policies implemented by the federal government alone or in collaboration with (i.e. in support of) Akwa Ibom State for the development of human capital in Cross River State. The specific acts of marginalisation referred to here include: the ceding of the Bakassi Peninsula - a part of Cross River State - to the Republic of Cameroon in 2005, and more recently (2009) another ceding of 76 oil wells, hitherto the property of Cross River State, to Akwa Ibom State. We argue that, strengthened by marginalising/polarising policies (higher revenue allocation based on derivation principle of oil production), Akwa Ibom’s ongoing implementation of free education policy promises to facilitate its achievement of millennium development goals in basic education by 2015, beyond which it might reach disproportionately higher levels of tertiary educational attainment by 2024 and after. By contrast, the contrived dwindling of oil revenue accruing to Cross River State deprives it of funding for competitive human capital development programme(s). We recommend that Cross River State employs serious monitoring of marginalising schemes against its people considering recent traumatising experience, and plan/implement human capital development programmes aimed to improve its competitiveness under the context of intra-regional inequality.
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Weatherell, C. A., D. J. Elliott, H. J. Fallowfield, and T. P. Curtis. "Variable photosynthetic characteristics in waste stabilisation ponds." Water Science and Technology 48, no. 2 (July 1, 2003): 219–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0124.
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Algae play several key roles in waste stabilisation ponds. A model has been developed to predict algal concentration in waste stabilisation ponds, in which the relationship between photosynthesis and underwater light availability is central. One equation was selected from several alternative expressions that describe this relationship. The selected equation consisted of four photosynthetic parameters. A field sampling programme was designed to investigate the relationships between the photosynthetic parameters and the pond environment. Although initial regression analyses were unsuccessful, distinct diurnal variations were revealed in two key photosynthetic parameters, related to an inverse variation in chlorophyll a concentration. This led to the derivation of a dynamic feedback hypothesis which challenges the classic assumption in algal modelling of constant photosynthetic parameters.
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Oorts, Koen, Erik Smolders, Steve P. McGrath, Cornelis A. M. van Gestel, Michael J. McLaughlin, and Sandra Carey. "Derivation of ecological standards for risk assessment of molybdate in soil." Environmental Chemistry 13, no. 1 (2016): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en15086.
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Environmental context In order to assess the potential risks of elevated molybdenum concentrations in soil due to anthropogenic activities, toxicity thresholds must be known and environmental criteria defined. Setting such criteria for metals is not straightforward because of varying natural background concentrations and differences in toxicity between typical laboratory and field conditions and across soil types. Toxicity data and models were derived that account for these parameters so that soil quality criteria can be derived based on total molybdenum concentrations in soil. Abstract An extensive testing programme on the toxicity of sodium molybdate dihydrate in soil was initiated to comply with the European REACH Regulation. The molybdate toxicity was assayed with 11 different bioassays, 10 different soils, soil chemical studies on aging reactions, and toxicity tests before and after 1-year equilibration in field conditions. Differences in molybdate toxicity among soils were best explained by soil pH and clay content. A correction factor of 2.0 was selected to account for the difference in molybdate toxicity between laboratory and field conditions due to leaching and aging processes. Toxicity thresholds were determined as the HC5–50 (median hazardous concentration for 5% of the species, i.e. median 95% protection level) derived from the species sensitivity distribution of ecotoxicity data after bioavailability corrections. Uncertainty analysis illustrated that the HC5–50 provides a robust and ecologically relevant predicted no-effect concentration (PNEC) for risk characterisation. The 10th and 90th percentiles for site-specific PNEC values in European agricultural soil are 10.7 and 168mgMokg–1 dry weight respectively based on a large survey of metal concentrations and soil properties in arable land soils. Total soil Mo concentrations in these soils are below corresponding PNEC values at most locations, suggesting no regional risks of molybdate to soil organisms at this scale. The information presented can be used in the EU risk-assessment framework as well as for national and international regulatory purposes for the setting of soil quality criteria based on total molybdenum concentrations, soil pH and clay content.
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Hastika Ardiwidjaja, Nunung. "SDG’S IMPLEMENTATION IN LOCAL GOVERNMENT." Book Chapters of The 1st Jakarta International Conference on Social Sciences and Humanities (JICoSSH) 3 (March 2, 2019): 323–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.33822/jicossh.v3i0.24.
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Since dispersion enactment in Indonesia, two third of citizen well being and prosperity are depend on the performance of Local Government, from environment sanitation, such as waste management, to education quality and health services. It all depends on the quality of Local Government public services. SDGs (Sustainable Development Goals) is (a) a new development agreement, substitution for MDGs. This agreement effective since 2015 until 2030; (b) a 35 pages document that have been approved by 190 country; (c) contain 17 goals, and 169 development target. SDGs procedure processes are based on inspiration and aspiration of Local Government. Through city association and Local Government in large-scale level, Local Government has been actively participating in SDGs formulation and validation. Therefore to Local Government, the capital and kabupaten government role are important for SDGs. Because there are some facts and validation that justify that.
Few of SDGs focus become development underlying principle that consistent with nine main concern programme known as Nawacita, such as human development, education and social welfare, sustainable economics, energy and climate change. SDGs are prolongation from MDGs targets, especially in derivation of mother mortality, derivation of child mortality, derivation of AIDS/HIV, water supply and sanitation coverage. The four unfinished target, cannot be forgotten and neglected, because the targets are also align with some of SDGs goals and target. These are some of the things that Local Government can perform: Action plan, execution committee, institutional, funding, accountability mechanism, and socialization.
In the end, Local Government be able to design an accurate and rapid policy thus for impartial Indonesia, a better citizen well being. And also to urge a better government effort to precede with SDGs agenda and utilize civilian to strengthen all the advocacy effort that have been done.
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Baggish, A. L., D. M. Lloyd-Jones, J. Blatt, A. M. Richards, J. Lainchbury, M. O'Donoghue, R. Sakhuja, A. A. Chen, and J. L. Januzzi. "A clinical and biochemical score for mortality prediction in patients with acute dyspnoea: derivation, validation and incorporation into a bedside programme." Heart 94, no. 8 (February 28, 2008): 1032–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/hrt.2007.128132.
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Younes, Maged, and Cynthia Sonich-Mullin. "Concepts of the International Programme on Chemical Safety in the Assessment of Risks to Human Health from Exposure to Chemicals." International Journal of Toxicology 16, no. 4-5 (July 1997): 461–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/109158197227071.
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The International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) is a cooperative program of the World Health Organization, the International Labour Organization, and the United Nations Environment Programme. The main objectives of its risk assessment work are to provide, on a global basis, consensus assessments of priority chemicals (including pesticides) and to promote the development, validation, use, and harmonization of sound methodologies for risk assessment. The IPCS provides a number of comprehensive risk assessment documents, the most prominent of which are the Environmental Health Criteria monographs. In addition, evaluations of chemicals in food, air, and drinking water are conducted, and health-and environment-based guidelines for exposure are developed. In deriving guidance values for exposure to chemicals, the risk assessment paradigm of the National Academy of Sciences is followed. The development of guidance values for exposure is based on the calculation of a total intake from all sources. The process involves the identification of the critical effects and the pivotal studies, the derivation of a no (or lowest) observed adverse effect level, the application of (preferably data-derived) uncertainty factors, and the partitioning of the overall tolerable intake among all possible routes of exposure. Work on risk assessment methodologies is directed toward the promotion of scientifically sound approaches to evaluating risks to human health and the environment from exposure to chemicals. Special focus is placed on a project of harmonization of risk assessment methodologies.
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Morrish, L., M. P. Cartmell, and A. J. Taylor. "Geometry and kinematics of multicable spreader lifting gear." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 211, no. 3 (March 1, 1997): 185–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954406971521764.
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This paper presents a novel theoretical study of the geometry and derived kinematics of a typical multicable suspension system as encountered on a rubber tyred gantry (RTG) crane. Machines of this sort are used extensively in the international container handling business but, to date, little has been known about the precise motions of cable suspended spreaders other than general intuitions about fore—aft, lateral and rotational oscillations. Such motions are initiated by driver-controlled motion of the gantry itself (by torques applied to the driving wheels) and by across-the-vehicle motions of the trolley from which the spreader and container payload are suspended. The work reported here shows the complete derivation for spreader coordinates, relative to the trolley, for any translational and/or rotational displacement. Conventional geometrical and trigonometrical principles are used throughout the development. This research forms an integral part of a larger programme of work to propose strategies for accurate spreader motion control based on non-linear dynamic models.
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Dostal, Jan, and Jan Kuzel. "ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR CALCULATING FAN AERODYNAMICS." Acta Polytechnica 55, no. 6 (December 31, 2015): 373. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/ap.2015.55.0373.
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This paper presents results obtained between 2010 and 2014 in the field of fan aerodynamics at the Department of Composite Technology at the VZLÚ aerospace research and experimental institute in Prague – Letnany. The need for rapid and accurate methods for the preliminary design of blade machinery led to the creation of a mathematical model based on the basic laws of turbomachine aerodynamics. The mathematical model, the derivation of which is briefly described below, has been encoded in a computer programme, which enables the theoretical characteristics of a fan of the designed geometry to be determined rapidly. The validity of the mathematical model is assessed continuously by measuring model fans in the measuring unit, which was developed and manufactured specifically for this purpose. The paper also presents a comparison between measured characteristics and characteristics determined by the mathematical model as the basis for a discussion on possible causes of measured deviations and calculation deviations.
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Kolm, Serge-Christophe. "A RESPONSE TO ERIK SCHOKKAERT ONMACROJUSTICE." Economics and Philosophy 25, no. 1 (March 2009): 85–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266267108002290.
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Erik Schokkaert's note presents a very good summary of the theory of macrojustice and a very good list of the directions of research it points to. This is quite fitting since a research programme defines a paradigm, and he sees this proposal as a paradigm shift. This is also very appropriate since his own qualifications are the best for advancing fast in these research topics. I have only a very small number of qualifications to add to his presentation, but I prefer to begin with emphasizing the most important issues. Two aspects can be seen as the most important: the de facto axiomatic derivation of the solution ELIE and its application on the one hand, and the present state of scholarly studies of the optimum or just distribution of income on the other hand. Let us enter by the second door (as opposed to what is done in the bookMacrojustice). This will lead us to conclude with a more synthetic and broader view of the basic logic of the paradigms of justice and of the surprising recent history of their interpretations.
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McCrea, I. W., G. O. L. Jones, and M. Lester. "The BEAN experiment - An EISCAT study of ion temperature anisotropies." Annales Geophysicae 13, no. 2 (February 28, 1995): 177–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-995-0177-x.
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Abstract. Results are presented from a novel EISCAT special programme, SP-UK-BEAN, intended for the direct measurement of the ion temperature anisotropy during ion frictional heating events in the high-latitude F-region. The experiment employs a geometry which provides three simultaneous estimates of the ion temperature in a single F-region observing volume at a range of aspect angles from 0° to 36°. In contrast to most previous EISCAT experiments to study ion temperature anisotropies, field-aligned observations are made using the Sodankylä radar, while the Kiruna radar measures at an aspect angle of the order of 30°. Anisotropic effects can thus be studied within a small common volume whose size and altitude range is limited by the radar beamwidth, rather than in volumes which overlap but cover different altitudes. The derivation of line-of-sight ion temperature is made more complex by the presence of an unknown percentage of atomic and molecular ions at the observing altitude and the possibility of non-Maxwellian distortion of the ion thermal velocity distribution. The first problem has been partly accounted for by insisting that a constant value of electron temperature be maintained. This enables an estimate of the ion composition to be made, and facilitates the derivation of more realistic line-of-sight ion temperatures and temperature anisotropies. The latter problem has been addressed by assuming that the thermal velocity distribution remains bi-Maxwellian. The limitations of these approaches are discussed. The ion temperature anisotropies and temperature partition coefficients during two ion heating events give values intermediate between those expected for atomic and for molecular species. This result is consistent with an analysis which indicates that significant proportions of molecular ions (up to 50%) were present at the times of greatest heating.
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Wang, Charles H. T. "Gauge formulation of general relativity using conformal and spin symmetries." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 366, no. 1871 (January 24, 2008): 1867–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2007.2193.
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The gauge symmetry inherent in Maxwell's electromagnetics has a profound impact on modern physics. Following the successful quantization of electromagnetics and other higher order gauge field theories, the gauge principle has been applied in various forms to quantize gravity. A notable development in this direction is loop quantum gravity based on the spin-gauge treatment. This paper considers a further incorporation of the conformal gauge symmetry in canonical general relativity. This is a new conformal decomposition in that it is applied to simplify recently formulated parameter-free construction of spin-gauge variables for gravity. The resulting framework preserves many main features of the existing canonical framework for loop quantum gravity regarding the spin network representation and Thiemann's regularization. However, the Barbero–Immirzi parameter is converted into the conformal factor as a canonical variable. It behaves like a scalar field but is somehow non-dynamical since the Hamiltonian constraint does not depend on its momentum. The essential steps of the mathematical derivation of this parameter-free framework for the spin-gauge variables of gravity are spelled out. The implications for the loop quantum gravity programme are briefly discussed.
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Pastra, Katerina, and Yiannis Aloimonos. "The minimalist grammar of action." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 367, no. 1585 (January 12, 2012): 103–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2011.0123.
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Language and action have been found to share a common neural basis and in particular a common ‘syntax’, an analogous hierarchical and compositional organization. While language structure analysis has led to the formulation of different grammatical formalisms and associated discriminative or generative computational models, the structure of action is still elusive and so are the related computational models. However, structuring action has important implications on action learning and generalization, in both human cognition research and computation. In this study, we present a biologically inspired generative grammar of action, which employs the structure-building operations and principles of Chomsky's Minimalist Programme as a reference model. In this grammar, action terminals combine hierarchically into temporal sequences of actions of increasing complexity; the actions are bound with the involved tools and affected objects and are governed by certain goals. We show, how the tool role and the affected-object role of an entity within an action drives the derivation of the action syntax in this grammar and controls recursion, merge and move, the latter being mechanisms that manifest themselves not only in human language, but in human action too.
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Ubleble, Benjamin A., John M. Agomoh, and Anthony Chovwen. "Ex-Offender Reintegration and Sustained Peace in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria: Adopting a Socio-Economic Change Model Approach." European Review Of Applied Sociology 12, no. 18 (June 1, 2019): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eras-2019-0005.
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AbstractThe Niger Delta of Nigeria rich in oil and gas resources has been plagued with series of armed conflicts characterised by massive youth restiveness. The peaceful coexistence of people in the region is often affected by the nature of oil and gas business determined by the political economy of the Nigerian state. By the statute of the Federal system of Government in Nigeria, all resources within the territorial boundary of the country belong to the Federal Government. The Government then pays a certain 13% derivation fund to the resource bearing states for development. The Federal Government equally sees to the development of the region through its statutory Agencies such as the Niger Delta Development Commission. All these efforts are yet to bring about infrastructural development and human capacity needs of the region. A consequence of this is the armed militancy and cult related violence that has engulfed the region. In this paper, an attempt is made to analyse the socioeconomic requisitions of a reintegration programme for ex-offenders seeking re-entry into mainstream society. An interventionist approach is recommended with effective monitoring and evaluation system for a socioeconomic reintegration of ex-offenders in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria.
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Coles, Briana, Kamlesh Khunti, Sarah Booth, Francesco Zaccardi, Melanie J. Davies, and Laura J. Gray. "Prediction of type 2 diabetes risk in people with non-diabetic hyperglycaemia: model derivation and validation using UK primary care data." BMJ Open 10, no. 10 (October 2020): e037937. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-037937.
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ObjectiveUsing primary care data, develop and validate sex-specific prognostic models that estimate the 10-year risk of people with non-diabetic hyperglycaemia developing type 2 diabetes.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingPrimary care.Participants154 705 adult patients with non-diabetic hyperglycaemia.Primary outcomeDevelopment of type 2 diabetes.MethodsThis study used data routinely collected in UK primary care from general practices contributing to the Clinical Practice Research Datalink. Patients were split into development (n=109 077) and validation datasets (n=45 628). Potential predictor variables, including demographic and lifestyle factors, medical and family history, prescribed medications and clinical measures, were included in survival models following the imputation of missing data. Measures of calibration at 10 years and discrimination were determined using the validation dataset.ResultsIn the development dataset, 9332 patients developed type 2 diabetes during 293 238 person-years of follow-up (31.8 (95% CI 31.2 to 32.5) per 1000 person-years). In the validation dataset, 3783 patients developed type 2 diabetes during 115 113 person-years of follow-up (32.9 (95% CI 31.8 to 33.9) per 1000 person-years). The final prognostic models comprised 14 and 16 predictor variables for males and females, respectively. Both models had good calibration and high levels of discrimination. The performance statistics for the male model were: Harrell’s C statistic of 0.700 in the development and 0.701 in the validation dataset, with a calibration slope of 0.974 (95% CI 0.905 to 1.042) in the validation dataset. For the female model, Harrell’s C statistics were 0.720 and 0.718, respectively, while the calibration slope was 0.994 (95% CI 0.931 to 1.057) in the validation dataset.ConclusionThese models could be used in primary care to identify those with non-diabetic hyperglycaemia most at risk of developing type 2 diabetes for targeted referral to the National Health Service Diabetes Prevention Programme.
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Tam, Wai Long, Frank P. Luyten, and Scott J. Roberts. "From skeletal development to the creation of pluripotent stem cell-derived bone-forming progenitors." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 373, no. 1750 (May 21, 2018): 20170218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2017.0218.
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Bone has many functions. It is responsible for protecting the underlying soft organs, it allows locomotion, houses the bone marrow and stores minerals such as calcium and phosphate. Upon damage, bone tissue can efficiently repair itself. However, healing is hampered if the defect exceeds a critical size and/or is in compromised conditions. The isolation or generation of bone-forming progenitors has applicability to skeletal repair and may be used in tissue engineering approaches. Traditionally, bone engineering uses osteochondrogenic stem cells, which are combined with scaffold materials and growth factors. Despite promising preclinical data, limited translation towards the clinic has been observed to date. There may be several reasons for this including the lack of robust cell populations with favourable proliferative and differentiation capacities. However, perhaps the most pertinent reason is the failure to produce an implant that can replicate the developmental programme that is observed during skeletal repair. Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) can potentially offer a solution for bone tissue engineering by providing unlimited cell sources at various stages of differentiation. In this review, we summarize key embryonic signalling pathways in bone formation coupled with PSC differentiation strategies for the derivation of bone-forming progenitors. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Designer human tissue: coming to a lab near you’.
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PALMER, R., and J. BRENT. "Derivation of a chemical-specific adjustment factor (CSAF) for use in the assessment of risk from chronic exposure to ethylene glycol: Application of international programme for chemical safety guidelines." Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 207, no. 2 (September 1, 2005): 576–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2005.01.033.
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Wango, Kamau. "‘Drawing with My Students’ - The Role of Surrealism in Self-Expression among University Art Students. Analysis of Selected Surrealistic Work by Fourth Year Students at Kenyatta University." International Journal of Advanced Research 3, no. 1 (February 17, 2021): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/ijar.3.1.272.
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Surrealistic art is one of the most engaging and intriguing art genres. Surrealism itself is considered to have been the most influential art movement of the 20th century. Started in the 1920s as a literary movement that eventually took on a visual dimension, its foundational principles have continued to influence the thought process and style of many modern artists in the realm of self-expression. In their studies of many disciplines in the art including genres of painting, drawing and sculpture, students of art at the University usually find the concept of surrealism initially difficult to decipher mainly because of the uniqueness of its own description. The dream-like imageries of surrealism are derived from dreams and the unconscious mind; hence, the students have to contend with the derivation of subject matter from an unusual source. This is challenging for most of them since they are used to formulating subject matter from a purely academic perspective and from themes that they ordinarily relate to in their environment or can easily reference. Although students embark on drawing from their first year of study, they are introduced to surrealistic drawing as a unit in their final year. With their drawing background, it is presumed that by their final year, they have attained adequate levels of drawing skills for application in any artistic challenge. This study examines, through analysis of selected works, firstly, the extent to which students are able to internalise the concept of surrealism and apply it in the construction of the artistic composition, and secondly whether their drawings demonstrate an individual capacity for self-expression and the derivation of meaning, through dream-like imageries drawn from the unconscious mind. The students were exposed to preliminary studies and examination of surrealistic work, discussions of subject matter, origination, style and technique in the course of their unit programme. For the purpose of uniformity of medium, they were instructed to work only in pencil. They were subsequently accorded adequate time and space to embark on their work with class presentations and discussions at prescribed intervals. The resultant drawings were many and varied and the ones selected are those that displayed good artistic execution and/or displayed a certain profoundness of meaning or interpretation.
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Lok, James, and Kosh Agarwal. "Screening for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Chronic Hepatitis B: An Update." Viruses 13, no. 7 (July 10, 2021): 1333. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13071333.
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(1) Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an important cause of mortality in individuals with chronic hepatitis B infection, with screening of high-risk groups recommended in all major international guidelines. Our understanding of the risk factors involved has improved over time, encouraging researchers to develop models that predict future risk of HCC development. (2) Methods: A literature search of the PubMed database was carried out to identify studies that derive or validate models predicting HCC development in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Subsequently, a second literature search was carried out to explore the potential role of novel viral biomarkers in this field. (3) Results: To date, a total of 23 models have been developed predicting future HCC risk, of which 12 have been derived from cohorts of treatment-naïve individuals. Most models have been developed in Asian populations (n = 20), with a smaller number in Caucasian cohorts (n = 3). All of the models demonstrate satisfactory performance in their original derivation cohorts, but many lack external validation. In recent studies, novel viral biomarkers have demonstrated utility in predicting HCC risk in patients with chronic hepatitis B, amongst both treated and treatment-naïve patients. (4) Conclusion: Several models have been developed to predict the risk of HCC development in individuals with chronic hepatitis B infection, but many have not been externally validated outside of the Asian population. Further research is needed to refine these models and facilitate a more tailored HCC surveillance programme in the future.
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Murphy, J. Brendan, Michael A. Hamilton, and Bryan LeBlanc. "Tectonic significance of Late Ordovician silicic magmatism, Avalon terrane, northern Antigonish Highlands, Nova Scotia 1 This article is one of a series of papers published in CJES Special Issue: In honour of Ward Neale on the theme of Appalachian and Grenvillian geology.2 Contribution to International Geological Correlation Programme (IGCP) Project 497." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 49, no. 1 (January 2012): 346–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e11-012.
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Avalonia was a microcontinent during most of the Ordovician, separating the Iapetus Ocean to the north from the Rheic Ocean to the south. In the northern Antigonish Highlands, Nova Scotia, volcanic rocks (Dunn Point and McGillivray Brook formations) underlie Early Silurian – Early Devonian strata (Arisaig Group) and were thought to represent extension that heralded the development of the basin into which Arisaig Group strata were deposited. However, recent U–Pb (zircon, thermal ionization mass spectrometry) data from rhyolite in the Dunn Point Formation (DPF) yielded an age of 460.0 ± 3.4 Ma, and, here, we report a concordant age of 454.5 ± 0.7 Ma for an ignimbrite in the overlying McGillivray Brook Formation (MBF). These data confirm a ca. 10 million year gap between volcanism and onset of Arisaig Group deposition, which occurred after accretion of Avalonia to Baltica. The DPF and MBF both resemble A-type SiO2-rich magmas. The MBF has very high concentrations of Zr (745–1965 ppm), Y (65–213 ppm), Nb (57 to 185 ppm), and high Ga/Al. Several MBF samples exhibit strong LREE depletion, consistent with fractionation of LREE-bearing accessory phases. εNdt values for MBF (t = 455 Ma) range from +1.5 to +3.9, and overlap with DPF rhyolites that range from +2.9 to +3.7. Depleted mantle model ages for MBF and DPF samples unaffected by accessory phase fractionation are between 0.9 and 1.2 Ga and are similar to TDM values in older (Neoproterozoic, Cambrian) crustally derived felsic rocks, suggesting derivation from the lower crustal basement beneath the Antigonish Highlands. DPF and MBF rocks were probably erupted in a local extensional environment within an ensialic arc, perhaps analogous to the modern Taupo Volcanic Zone in northern New Zealand.
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Bias, Randolph G., James Patrick Williams, Ding-Yu Chung, and Samuel A. Burns. "The Influence of Microsoft's ClearType® on Programmer Productivity." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 49, no. 5 (September 2005): 642–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120504900502.
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An experimental study and a naturalistic field study were conducted to develop detailed behavioral (performance) and affective measures of user responses to ClearType® to support the derivation of quantitative estimates of ClearType's® impact on user productivity in computer programming tasks.
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GRAIFER, Dmitri, Maxim MOLOTKOV, Anna EREMINA, Aliya VEN'YAMINOVA, Marina REPKOVA, and Galina KARPOVA. "The central part of the 5.8 S rRNA is differently arranged in programmed and free human ribosomes." Biochemical Journal 387, no. 1 (March 22, 2005): 139–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20041450.
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A sequence-specific modification of the human 5.8 S rRNA in isolated 60 S subunits, non-programmed 80 S ribosomes and ribosomes complexed with mRNA and tRNAs was studied with the use of a derivative of the nonaribonucleotide UCUGUGUUU bearing a perfluorophenylazide group on the C-5 atom of the 5′-terminal uridine. Part of the oligonucleotide moiety of the derivative was complementary to the 5.8 S rRNA sequence ACACA in positions 82–86 flanked by two guanines at the 5′-terminus. The target for the cross-linking was identified as nucleotide G89 on the 5.8 S RNA. In addition, several ribosomal proteins were modified by the oligonucleotide derivative bound to the 5.8 S rRNA and proteins L6 and L8 were among them. Application of these results to known cryo-electron microscopy images of eukaryotic 60 S subunits made it possible to suggest that the central part of the 5.8 S rRNA containing the sequence 82–86 and proteins L6 and L8 are located at the base of the L1 stalk of the 60 S subunit. The efficacy of cross-linking in non-programmed 80 S ribosomes was much lower than in isolated 60 S subunits and in programmed 80 S ribosomes. We suggest that the difference in the accessibilities of the central part of the 5.8 S rRNA in the programmed and non-programmed 80 S ribosomes is caused by a conformational switch that seems to be required to dissociate the 80 S ribosomes into the subunits after termination of translation to allow initiation of translation of a new template.
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Mancini, Elena. "Il programma di eliminazione della filariasi linfatica in Bangladesh: un modello esportabile? / The lymphatic filariasis elimination programme in Bangladesh: an exportable model?" Medicina e Morale 66, no. 4 (October 11, 2017): 495–511. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/mem.2017.503.
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Nel 1971, al termine della sanguinosissima guerra di separazione dal Pakistan, il Bangladesh appariva un paese senza speranza. L’elevatissima crescita demografica -una delle maggiori al mondo- le calamità naturali quali alluvioni e tifoni, la povertà grave e diffusa - con una percentuale di popolazione sotto la soglia di povertà intorno al 30% - la situazione politica interna, con instabilità sociale e latenti conflitti etnici, rendevano il pronostico più che verosimile. A distanza di 40 anni, il BGD è riuscito a smentire in gran parte tale previsione, conseguendo successi nello sviluppo economico, nella salute pubblica e nella trasformazione sociale. Il controllo del tasso di fertilità, la lotta a “big killer” quali la TBC e la diarrea infantile, il miglioramento delle condizioni igieniche e la realizzazione di presidi sanitari territoriali di prima assistenza (community-clinic), efficaci campagne sanitarie, il contrasto di malattie endemiche, sono stati ottenuti grazie all’impiego coordinato delle misure sanitarie dei programmi internazionali. Risultati, questi, conseguiti attraverso una politica sanitaria basata su una proficua collaborazione tra il Ministero della salute nazionale (Ministry of Health and Family Welfare), ONG, organismi sanitari internazionali, istituzioni e fondazioni internazionali. Il BGD ha così conseguito il traguardo della pressoché totale eliminazione delle malattie neglette endemiche nel paese (leishmaniosi viscerale, filariasi linfatica, dengue, lebbra, parassitosi intestinali – infezioni da elminti). L’articolo valuta i fattori che hanno caratterizzato il successo nel programma di eliminazione della filariasi linfatica. Dall’analisi di tali fattori è derivato un possibile modello di governance per la lotta alle malattie neglette in regioni endemiche comparabili sotto il profilo geo-politico. ---------- In 1971, at the end of the bloodstained separation war with Pakistan, Bangladesh appeared as a country without hope. The intense population growth – one of the highest in the world – natural disasters such as flooding and typhoons, acute and diffuse poverty – with a percentage of population below poverty line of 30% – the internal political scenario, with social instability and underlying ethnical conflicts – made this situation less likely to improve. 40 years later, Bangladesh succeeded in disproving such prevision, with a significant growth in economic development, public healthcare and social conditions. Birth control, countermeasures against “big killers” such as tuberculosis and diarrhea in babies, improvement of hygienic conditions and the implementation of local emergency units (community-clinic), effective sanitary campaigns and prevention of endemic diseases have been accomplished thanks to the coordinated use of sanitary measures in international programmes. Results obtained through a sanitary policy based on fruitful collaborations among the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, NGOs, international health organizations, international institutions and foundations. This way Bangladesh achieved the result of an almost total elimination of neglected endemic disease in the country (visceral leishmaniasis, lymphatic filariasis, dengue, plague, intestinal parasitosys – helminth infections). The article analyses the factors contributing to the success of the Lymphatic Filariasis Elimination Programme. The study of such factors permitted to identify a governance model for fighting neglected diseases in endemic regions with similar geo-political environments.
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Al-Timari, Usama A. R., Lubor Fišera, and Naďa Prónayová. "1,3-Dipolar Cycloadditions of Aromatic Nitrile Oxides and Nitrones to 1,1'-(Methylenedi-4,1-phenylene)bismaleimide." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 57, no. 9 (1992): 1982–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19921982.
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Within the scope of our research aimed at utilization of 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions to heterocycles as well as to pesticide programme we report the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of nitrile oxides II, III and nitrones V to bis-maleiimide derivative I.
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Molina, Angela, Joaquin Gonzalez, and Marien M Moreno. "Reciprocal Derivative Chronopotentiometry with Programmed Current: Influence of the Reversibility." Electroanalysis 14, no. 4 (February 2002): 281–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1521-4109(200202)14:4<281::aid-elan281>3.0.co;2-9.
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Molina, Ángela, Joaquín González, and Isabel Morales. "Steady State Reciprocal Derivative Chronopotentiometry with Programmed Currents at Microelectrodes." Electroanalysis 17, no. 8 (April 2005): 674–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elan.200403138.
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Stokes, Peter, and Christine Urquhart. "Profiling information behaviour of nursing students: part 2: derivation of profiles." Journal of Documentation 71, no. 1 (January 12, 2015): 52–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jd-07-2013-0091.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop information behaviour profiles for nursing students, to help inform information literacy programmes. Design/methodology/approach – The methods include further analysis of quantitative findings (previously reported in part 1), together with qualitative research data collection and analysis. Critical incident type interviews with 11 students were transcribed and analysed using an interpretative categorisation method that used dendrograms for data display and analysis. From the regression analysis of the quantitative data, the micro-processes for information seeking were linked to learning styles, and then to personality traits to generate information seeking profiles. Integration of the qualitative findings led to development of a task-based information search model. Findings – The start list of seven categories for qualitative analysis (derived from a literature review) was refined (one category added, one removed, with some relabelling). The quantitative data analysis revealed seven profiles (deep adventurer, deep identifier, deep investigator, strategic all-rounder, strategic collector, surface co-ordinator, surface skimmer, each linked to a particular learning style, personality trait, and preferred information seeking micro-processes). Research limitations/implications – The data were collected at only one university and the profiles and the model need to be validated with data from other groups of nursing students. The findings on micro-processes consolidate and extend previous research. Practical implications – The profiles should inform information literacy programmes as they show that information search profiles may be more varied than assumed. The information search model extends previous task-based information search models. Originality/value – The information search profiles have not been identified previously.
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Angelakis, E., L. Fuhrmann, I. Myserlis, J. A. Zensus, I. Nestoras, V. Karamanavis, N. Marchili, T. P. Krichbaum, A. Kraus, and J. P. Rachen. "F-GAMMA: Multi-frequency radio monitoring ofFermiblazars." Astronomy & Astrophysics 626 (June 2019): A60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201834363.
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Context. The advent of theFermigamma-ray space telescope with its superb sensitivity, energy range, and unprecedented capability to monitor the entire 4πsky within less than 2–3 h, introduced a new standard in time domain gamma-ray astronomy. Among several breakthroughs,Fermihas – for the first time – made it possible to investigate, with high cadence, the variability of the broadband spectral energy distribution (SED), especially for active galactic nuclei (AGN). This is necessary for understanding the emission and variability mechanisms in such systems. To explore this new avenue of extragalactic physics theFermi-GST AGN Multi-frequency Monitoring Alliance (F-GAMMA) programme undertook the task of conducting nearly monthly, broadband radio monitoring of selected blazars, which is the dominant population of the extragalactic gamma-ray sky, from January 2007 to January 2015. In this work we release all the multi-frequency light curves from 2.64 to 43 GHz and first order derivative data products after all necessary post-measurement corrections and quality checks.Aims. Along with the demanding task to provide the radio part of the broadband SED in monthly intervals, the F-GAMMA programme was also driven by a series of well-defined fundamental questions immediately relevant to blazar physics. On the basis of the monthly sampled radio SEDs, the F-GAMMA aimed at quantifying and understanding the possible multiband correlation and multi-frequency radio variability, spectral evolution and the associated emission, absorption and variability mechanisms. The location of the gamma-ray production site and the correspondence of structural evolution to radio variability have been among the fundamental aims of the programme. Finally, the programme sought to explore the characteristics and dynamics of the multi-frequency radio linear and circular polarisation.Methods. The F-GAMMA ran two main and tightly coordinated observing programmes. The Effelsberg 100 m telescope programme monitoring 2.64, 4.85, 8.35, 10.45, 14.6, 23.05, 32, and 43 GHz, and the IRAM 30 m telescope programme observing at 86.2, 142.3, and 228.9 GHz. The nominal cadence was one month for a total of roughly 60 blazars and targets of opportunity. In a less regular manner the F-GAMMA programme also ran an occasional monitoring with the APEX 12 m telescope at 345 GHz. We only present the Effelsberg dataset in this paper. The higher frequencies data are released elsewhere.Results. The current release includes 155 sources that have been observed at least once by the F-GAMMA programme. That is, the initial sample, the revised sample after the firstFermirelease, targets of opportunity, and sources observed in collaboration with a monitoring programme following up onPlancksatellite observations. For all these sources we release all the quality-checked Effelsberg multi-frequency light curves. The suite of post-measurement corrections and flagging and a thorough system diagnostic study and error analysis is discussed as an assessment of the data reliability. We also release data products such as flux density moments and spectral indices. The effective cadence after the quality flagging is around one radio SED every 1.3 months. The coherence of each radio SED is around 40 min.Conclusions. The released dataset includes more than 3 × 104measurements for some 155 sources over a broad range of frequencies from 2.64 GHz to 43 GHz obtained between 2007 and 2015. The median fractional error at the lowest frequencies (2.64–10.45 GHz) is below 2%. At the highest frequencies (14.6–43 GHz) with limiting factor of the atmospheric conditions, the errors range from 3% to 9%, respectively.
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Singh, S. Dorendrajit, Manabesh Bhattacharya, W. G. Devi, A. K. Manihar Singh, and P. S. Mazumdar. "Evaluation of the activation energy from derivative temperature-programmed desorption curves." Thermochimica Acta 322, no. 1 (November 1998): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-6031(98)00471-7.
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Folgado, Miguel G., and Veronica Sanz. "On the Interpretation of Nonresonant Phenomena at Colliders." Advances in High Energy Physics 2021 (March 16, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/2573471.
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With null results in resonance searches at the LHC, the physics potential focus is now shifting towards the interpretation of nonresonant phenomena. An example of such shift is the increased popularity of the EFT programme. We can embark on such programme owing to the good integrated luminosity and an excellent understanding of the detectors, which will allow these searches to become more intense as the LHC continues. In this paper, we provide a framework to perform this interpretation in terms of a diverse set of scenarios, including (1) generic heavy new physics described at low energies in terms of a derivative expansion, such as in the EFT approach; (2) very light particles with derivative couplings, such as axions or other light pseudo-Goldstone bosons; and (3) the effect of a quasicontinuum of resonances, which can come from a number of strongly coupled theories, extradimensional models, clockwork set-ups, and their deconstructed cousins. These scenarios are not equivalent despite all nonresonance, although the matching among some of them is possible, and we provide it in this paper.
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Hopman, P. C. "VEROAD: A Viscoelastic Multilayer Computer Program." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1539, no. 1 (January 1996): 72–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196153900110.
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The mathematical principles and derivation of a linear viscoelastic multilayer computer program are described. The principles of the derivation apply equally to conventional linear elastic programs. The practical consequences of the viscous material properties for the mathematical derivation have been solved by Fourier transformation; another mathematical consequence is that complex calculus was inevitable. The program is called VEROAD, (viscoelastic road analysis Delft). The program's primary extension is that the analyzed material can be vis-coelastic. Consequences of this extension are numerous: calculation from physical material properties of quantities such as time-dependent displacements, stresses and strains, permanent deformations, and dissipated energies is made possible. All these quantities depend on velocity of traffic, which is explicitly included in the calculations. The material model assumes the bulk modulus to be elastic and the shear modulus to be viscoelastic. The latter follows Burger's model. For illustrative purposes some mechanical analyses of asphaltic road structures are carried out, with emphasis on the distribution of stresses, strains, (permanent) deformations, and dissipated energies.
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SAWA, M., M. NIWA, and Y. MURAKAMI. "Derivation of new theoretical equation for temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia with freely occurring readsorption." Zeolites 10, no. 4 (April 1990): 307–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0144-2449(94)90147-3.
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Gerotziafas, Grigoris T., Miltos Chrysanthidis, Reda Isaad, Hela Baccouche, Chrysoula Papageorgiou, Brigitte Thiolier, Alex C. Spyropoulos, et al. "Prevalence of Risk Factors for VTE In Hospitalized Medical and Surgical Patients. Data From the Comparison of Methods for Thromboembolic Risk Assessment with Clinical Perceptions and AwareneSS In Real Life Surgical and Medical Patients (COMPASS) Study." Blood 116, no. 21 (November 19, 2010): 3337. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v116.21.3337.3337.
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Abstract Abstract 3337 Introduction: Risk assessment models (RAM) are helpful tools for the screening VTE risk in hospitalized patients. Most of the available RAMs have been constructed on a disease-based or surgery-based approach and include some of the most relevant risk factors for VTE. There is limited information on the impact and importance of individual and comorbidity related risk factors for VTE present during hospitalization on the global VTE risk. Incorporation of the most frequent VTE risk and bleeding risk factors related to comorbidities might improve the ability of RAM to detect real-life patients at risk VTE and to evaluate drawbacks for the application of thromboprophylaxis. Aim of the study: The primary aim of the COMPASS programme was to evaluate the prevalence of the all known VTE and bleeding risk factors reported in the literature in real-life surgical and medical hospitalized patients. Methods: A prospective multicenter cross-sectional observational study was conducted in 6 hospitals in Greece and 1 in France. All inpatients aged >40 years hospitalised for medical diseases and inpatients aged >18 years admitted due to a surgical procedure and hospitalisation for a period exceeding three days were included. Patients and their treating physicians were interviewed with standardised questionnaire including all VTE and bleeding risk factors described in literature (130 items) on the third day of hospitalisation. Patients not giving informed consent, or receiving anticoagulant treatment for any reason or hospitalised in order to undergo diagnostic investigation without any further therapeutic intervention were excluded. Results: A total of 806 patients were enrolled in the study (414 medical and 392 surgical). Most frequent causes of hospitalisation in medical patients were infection (42%), ischemic stroke (14%), cancer (13%), gastrointestinal disease (9%), pulmonary disease (4%), renal disease (3%) and rheumatologic disease (1,4%). Surgical patients were hospitalised for vascular disease (22%) cancer (19,4%) gastrointestinal disease (12,5%), infection (8%), orthopaedic surgery and trauma (14%) or minor surgery (7%). Analysis of the frequency of risk factors for VTE showed that active cancer, recent hospitalisation, venous insufficiency and total bed rest without bathroom privileges were frequent in both groups. Medical patients had significantly more frequently than surgical patients several important predisposing risk factors for VTE. Moreover, medical patient had more frequently than surgical ones bleeding risk factors. The data for the most frequent risk factors are summarised in Table 1. Conclusion: COMPASS is the first registry that provides key data on the prevalence of all known VTE and bleeding risk factors in real life medical and surgical patients hospitalised in two countries of European Union. The analysis of the data shows that in addition to risk stemin from the disease or surgical act both medical and surgical patients share common VTE risk factors. The careful analysis of the most frequent and relevant VTE risk factors will allow the derivation of a practical VTE and bleeding risk assessment model taken into account these factors. Disclosures: Chrysanthidis: Sanofi-Aventis: Employment.
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Lica, Aneta, Anna Walencik-Topiłka, and Zenon Lica. "Nazwy wykonawców czynności – teoria a umiejętności dzieci w wieku przedszkolnym." Prace Językoznawcze 20, no. 4 (September 10, 2019): 101–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/pj.4477.
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The article presents an analysis of the competences of the 4-6-year-olds in creating pattern-forming neologisms. The authors concentrate on the category of namesof agents performing an action, researching the most popular derivational techniques and word-formation types, as well as the most frequent derivational bases and the relationof the gathered material to the normative forms. The authors are also interested in the readiness of children of a certain age to independently create names of agents.The conducted research can be used for creating diagnostic tools and therapeutic programmes in logopedics.
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Tsachouridis, Vassilios A., and Thomas Scherer. "Data centre adaptive numerical temperature models." Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control 40, no. 6 (March 22, 2017): 1911–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0142331217694684.
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Research results are presented regarding the online derivation of temperature state space models for air cooled data centre rooms. Using exclusively real time temperature measurements from indoor sensors, filter algorithms are programmed for the numerical computation of the parameters of discrete time varying state space models. These control oriented models are adaptive and can predict the temperature distribution across data centre rooms where air-conditioning units are used to compensate heat loads generated by the computing equipment. The research has been conducted for the European Union project GENiC and the adopted approach has been tested and validated on a real data centre facility.
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Wolfe, Saul, Christiana Akuche, Stephen Ro, Marie-Claire Wilson, Chan-Kyung Kim, and Zheng Shi. "5-Hydroxy[1,2]oxazinan-3-ones as potential carbapenem and D-ala-D-ala surrogates." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 81, no. 8 (August 1, 2003): 915–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v03-123.
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The title compounds are amino acids whose nitrogen atom is enclosed in a six-membered cyclic hydroxamate bearing a C5-hydroxyl group. They belong to a proposed new family of antibacterial agents targeted to the penicillin receptor. The glycine and alanine members of the family have been synthesized, as racemates, in seven steps from the four-carbon synthon diketene and the tert-butyl esters of N-hydroxyglycine and N-hydroxyalanine. Numerous alternatives to diketene have also been examined, but these lead mainly to five-membered cyclic hydroxamates. The theoretical considerations that have led to this synthetic programme are discussed in some detail. They include analysis of the structures of natural and unnatural penicillin surrogates, analysis of the penicillin pharmacophore, and a treatment of the chemical reaction with which penicillin blocks bacterial cell wall synthesis. The glycine derivative exhibits marginal but real activity vs. Micrococcus luteus. The alanine derivative, which more closely resembles D-ala-D-ala, is fifty times more active. Two five-membered structural isomers of the glycine derivative are inactive. Key words: cyclocanaline, cycloserine, lactivicin, oxamazins, peptidoglycan, penicillin-binding proteins.
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Shirakawa, Michihiro, Norifumi Fujita, and Seiji Shinkai. "[60]Fullerene-Motivated Organogel Formation in a Porphyrin Derivative Bearing Programmed Hydrogen-Bonding Sites." Journal of the American Chemical Society 125, no. 33 (August 2003): 9902–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja035933k.
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Aires, Ana Paula Florêncio. "O conceito de derivada: uma análise através dos programas curriculares do século XX." História da Ciência e Ensino: construindo interfaces 20 (December 29, 2019): 610–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.23925/2178-2911.2019v20espp610-622.
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ResumoNesta comunicação pretendemos analisar, guiados pelo filão histórico e tendo como intervalo temporal o séc. XX, a importância e evolução do conceito de derivada, desde a sua introdução, em 1905, nos programas oficiais de Matemática do 3.o Ciclo do Ensino Liceal, atualmente designado de Ensino Secundário. Temos como cenário um período marcado por significativas mudanças de regime político, que tiveram repercussões muito efetivas no ensino em geral, e no ensino da matemática em particular. Este estudo permitiu-nos concluir que a evolução do conceito de derivada nos programas curriculares de Matemática não foi linear, antes pelo contrário, verificamos progressos e retrocessos, indecisões e dúvidas, muito fruto das várias reformas de ensino que ocorreram durante o séc. XX. Palavras-chave: Derivada, Matemática, Ensino secundário, Programas curriculares. Abstract In this communication we intend to analyze, guided by the historical lode and having as time interval the 20 th century, the importance and evolution of the concept of derivative, since its introduction in 1905, in the official programs of Mathematics of high school, currently designated as secondary education. We have as scenario a period marked by significant changes of political regime, which had very effective repercussions in the teaching in general, and in the teaching of mathematics in particular. This study allowed us to conclude that the evolution of the concept of derivative in the official Mathematics programs was not linear, but on the contrary, we verified progress and setbacks, indecisions and doubts, much fruit of the various educational reforms that occurred during the 20th century.Keywords: Derivative, Mathematics, Secondary education, Curricular programs.
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Wang, Shuai, Haoran Ge, Ruoding Ma, Da Cui, Xinhui Liu, and Shubing Zhang. "Study on the visual tracking control technology of six-crawler machine." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 233, no. 17 (June 26, 2019): 6051–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406219858168.
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In this paper, the autonomous navigation of six-crawler machine is studied, and a visual tracking control method based on machine vision for fuzzy proportional–integral–derivative control of six-crawler machine is proposed. The steering principle of the six-crawler machine and the matching relationship between the steering angle and the speed of each crawler are introduced, and the control system is described in detail. Besides, the mathematical model for the unsteady steering is introduced to analyze the influence of deflection angle on the steering trajectory of the six-crawler machine. The image processing algorithm is programmed by LabVIEW software. After the image is fitted by graying, binary, filtering, edge detection, and least square method, the navigation line-fitting curve is obtained. The fuzzy proportional–integral–derivative control algorithm is programmed in the control system to control the six-crawler machine to drive along the navigation line. In order to obtain reasonable control parameters, a virtual prototype model of a six-crawler machine is established. In the CoLink module, the control algorithm of a six-crawler machine is established, and the co-simulation is carried out. By analyzing the simulation results, the control parameters of the fuzzy proportional–integral–derivative controller of the six-crawler machine are established. In order to verify the control effect of the visual tracking control system of the six-crawler machine, a physical prototype of the six-crawler machine is constructed and tested. The results show that the visual tracking control system of the six-crawler machine can complete the preset functions.
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Mulhern, B., D. Rowen, J. Brazier, S. Smith, R. Romeo, R. Tait, C. Watchurst, et al. "Development of DEMQOL-U and DEMQOL-PROXY-U: generation of preference-based indices from DEMQOL and DEMQOL-PROXY for use in economic evaluation." Health Technology Assessment 17, no. 5 (February 2013): 1–140. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/hta17050.
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BackgroundDementia is one of the most common and serious disorders in later life and the economic and personal cost of caring for people with dementia is immense. There is a need to be able to evaluate interventions in dementia using cost-effectiveness analyses, but the generic preference-based measures typically used to measure effectiveness do not work well in dementia. Existing dementia-specific measures can effectively measure health-related quality of life but in their current form cannot be used directly to inform cost-effectiveness analysis using quality-adjusted life-years as the measure of effectiveness.ObjectivesThe aim was to develop two brief health-state classifications, one from DEMQOL and one from DEMQOL-Proxy, to generate health states amenable to valuation. These classification systems consisted of items taken from DEMQOL and DEMQOL-Proxy so they can be derived from any study that has used these instruments.Data sourcesIn the first stage of the study we used a large, clinically representative sample aggregated from two sources: a sample of patients and carers attending a memory service in south London and a sample of patients and carers from other community services in south London. This included 644 people with a diagnosis of mild/moderate dementia and 689 carers of those with mild/moderate dementia. For the valuation study, the general population sample of 600 respondents was drawn to be representative of the UK general population. Households were sampled in urban and rural areas in northern England and balanced to the UK population according to geodemographic profiles. In the patient/carer valuation study we interviewed a sample of 71 people with mild dementia and 71 family carers drawn from a memory service in south London. Finally, the instruments derived were applied to data from the HTA-SADD (Study of Antidepressants for Depression in Dementia) trial.Review methodsThis was a complex multiphase study with four linked phases: phase 1 – derivation of the health-state classification system; phase 2 – general population valuation survey and modelling to produce values for every health state; phase 3 – patient/carer valuation survey; and phase 4 – application of measures to trial data.ResultsAll four phases were successful and this report details this development process leading to the first condition-specific preference-based measures in dementia, an important new development in this field.LimitationsThe first limitation relates to the lack of an external data set to validate the DEMQOL-U and DEMQOL-Proxy-U classification systems. Throughout the development process we have made decisions about which methodology to use. There are other valid techniques that could be used and it is possible to criticise the choices that we have made. It is also possible that the use of a mild to moderate dementia sample has resulted in classification systems that do not fully reflect the challenges of severe dementia.ConclusionThe results presented are sufficiently encouraging to recommend that the DEMQOL instruments be used alongside a generic measure such as the European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions (EQ- 5D) in future studies of interventions in dementia as there was evidence that they can be more sensitive for patients at the milder end of disease and some limited evidence that the person with dementia measure may be able to reflect deterioration.FundingThe National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment programme.
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Thorpe, Richard S., Olwen Williams-Thorpe, D. Graham Jenkins, J. S. Watson, R. A. Ixer, and R. G. Thomas. "The Geological Sources and Transport of the Bluestones of Stonehenge, Wiltshire, UK." Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 57, no. 2 (1991): 103–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0079497x00004527.
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Stonehenge on Salisbury Plain is one of the most impressive British prehistoric(c.3000–1500 BC) monuments. It is dominated by large upright sarsen stones, some of which are joined by lintels. While these stones are of relatively local derivation, some of the stone settings, termed bluestones, are composed of igneous and minor sedimentary rocks which are foreign to the solid geology of Salisbury Plain and must have been transported to their present location. Following the proposal of an origin in south-west Wales, debate has focused on hypotheses of natural transport by glacial processes, or transport by human agency. This paper reports the results of a programme of sampling and chemical analysis of Stonehenge bluestones and proposed source outcrops in Wales.Analysis by X-ray-fluorescence of fifteen monolith samples and twenty-two excavated fragments from Stonehenge indicate that the dolerites originated at three sources in a small area in the eastern Preseli Hills, and that the rhyolite monoliths derive from four sources including northern Preseli and other (unidentified) locations in Pembrokeshire, perhaps on the north Pembrokeshire coast. Rhyolite fragments derive from four outcrops (including only one of the monolith sources) over a distance of at least 10 km within Preseli. The Altar Stone and a sandstone fragment (excavated at Stonehenge) are from two sources within the Palaeozoic of south-west Wales. This variety of source suggests that the monoliths were taken from a glacially-mixed deposit, not carefully selected from anin situsource. We then consider whether prehistoric man collected the bluestones from such a deposit in south Wales or whether glacial action could have transported bluestone boulders onto Salisbury Plain. Glacial erratics deposited in south Dyfed (dolerites chemically identical to Stonehenge dolerite monoliths), near Cardiff, on Flatholm and near Bristol indicate glacial action at least as far as the Avon area. There is an apparent absence of erratics east of here, with the possible exception of the Boles Barrow boulder, which may predate the Stonehenge bluestones by as much as 1000 years, and which derived from the same Preseli source as two of the Stonehenge monoliths. However, 18th-century geological accounts describe intensive agricultural clearance of glacial boulders, including igneous rocks, on Salisbury Plain, and contemporary practice was of burial of such boulders in pits. Such erratics could have been transported as ‘free boulders’ from ‘nunataks’ on the top of an extensive, perhaps Anglian or earlier, glacier some 400,000 years ago or more, leaving no trace of fine glacial material in present river gravels. Erratics may be deposited at the margins of ice-sheets in small groups at irregular intervals and with gaps of several kilometres between individual boulders.‘Bluestone’ fragments are frequently reported on and near Salisbury Plain in archaeological literature, and include a wide range of rock types from monuments of widely differing types and dates, and pieces not directly associated with archaeological structures. Examination of prehistoric stone monuments in south Wales shows no preference for bluestones in this area. The monoliths at Stonehenge include some structurally poor rock types, now completely eroded above ground. We conclude that the builders of the bluestone structures at Stonehenge utilized a heterogeneous deposit of glacial boulders readily available on Salisbury Plain. Remaining erratics are now seen as small fragments sometimes incorporated in a variety of archaeological sites, while others were destroyed and removed in the 18th century. The bluestones were transported to Salisbury Plain from varied sources in south Wales by a glacier rather than human activity.
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Morris, A. J., and G. E. Pollott. "Heritability Estimates for Juvenile Body weight by Least Squares and DFREML in a Commercial Broiler Breeder Dam Population." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1994 (March 1994): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600026027.
Full textAbstract:
To date commercial broiler breeders have focused primarily on increasing early growth rate in selection programmes aimed at improving overall production efficiency. In commercial programmes, early growth rate is simplified to a single body weight measure taken at a fixed age during the growth phase approaching common slaughter weights. Most recent selection studies report heritabilities from experimental populations that are at best, synthesised from crossing modern broiler material from several different sources (Leenstra et al, 1986; Wang et al, 1991). Therefore, such populations are likely to exhibit greater heterozygosity than many commercial lines which have undergone many generations of intense selection in closed populations. This paper reports heritabilities estimated using both least squares and derivative-free maximum likelihood techniques for data from a commercial breeder dam line which has remained closed since its inception in 1975.
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Gordon, Michael J. C. "Programming Combinations of Deduction and BDD-based Symbolic Calculation." LMS Journal of Computation and Mathematics 5 (2002): 56–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1112/s1461157000000693.
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AbstractA generalisation of Milner's ‘LCF approach’ is described. This allows algorithms based on binary decision diagrams (BDDs) to be programmed as derived proof rules in a calculus of representation judgements. The derivation of representation judgements becomes an LCF-style proof by defining an abstract type for judgements analogous to the LCF type of theorems. The primitive inference rules for representation judgements correspond to the operations provided by an efficient BDD package coded in C (BuDDy). Proof can combine traditional inference with steps inferring representation judgements. The resulting system provides a platform to support a tight and principled integration of theorem proving and model checking. The methods are illustrated by using them to solve all instances of a generalised Missionaries and Cannibals problem.
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Rojas-Rodriguez, Jose C., Ana Y. Aguilar-Bustos, and Eusebio Bugarin. "An O(N) Algorithm for the Computation of the Centroidal Dynamics with Application in the Postural Balance of a Humanoid Robot Using Whole Body Control." International Journal of Humanoid Robotics 18, no. 03 (June 2021): 2150010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219843621500109.
Full textAbstract:
In this paper, we introduce an [Formula: see text] algorithm for the computation of the centroidal momentum matrix (CMM) and its time derivative using spatial algebra and expressed with Lie algebra operators. The proposed algorithm is applied to the postural balance of a humanoid robot using whole body control with quadratic programming. The employed tasks only require the CMM and its time derivative without the need of the joint space inertia matrix and the Coriolis terms reducing this way the computational cost of the controller. Finally, four simulation scenarios programmed in Julia are considered where several perturbations for the balance of the robot have been taken into account and according to the tracking graphs of the center of mass, centroidal momentum and the trajectories of the center of pressure it is concluded that the performance of the proposed algorithm is satisfactory.
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Mirhosseini, S. Z., M. Ghanipoor, and A. Shadparvar. "Breeding objectives for commercial silkworm lines in Iran." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2005 (2005): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200010462.
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Animal breeding generally aims to obtain a new generation of animals that will produce desired products more efficiently under future farm economic and social circumstances than the present generation of animals (Groen, 2000). Definition of the breeding objective is generally regarded as the primary step in the development of structured breeding programmes (Ponzoni, 1988). Clearly defined breeding objectives are vital for effective genetic improvement of all livestock species. So, they stipulate the animal characteristics to be improved and the desired direction for genetic change. The breeding objective involves calculation of economic values for all biological traits that have an impact upon profitability. This study focuses on the derivation of a breeding objective based on a profit function for three commercial silkworm lines in Iran and effect of limitation in production system size on economic values.
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Begum, Arifa, Shaheen Begum, Prasad Kvsrg, and Bharathi K. "IN SILICO STUDIES ON FUNCTIONALIZED AZAGLYCINE DERIVATIVES CONTAINING 2, 4-THIAZOLIDINEDIONE SCAFFOLD ON MULTIPLE TARGETS." International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 9, no. 8 (August 1, 2017): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2017v9i8.19835.
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Objective: The 2, 4-thiazolidinedione containing compounds could lead to most promising scaffolds with higher efficiency toward the targets recognized for its antidiabetic activity when combined with azaglycine moiety. The objective of the present work was to merge functionalized aza glycines with 2, 4-thiazolidinediones, perform in silico evaluation by molecular properties prediction and undertake the molecular docking studies with targets relevant to diabetes, bacterial and viral infections using Swiss Dock programme for unraveling the target identification which can be used for further designing.Methods: (i) In silico studies were performed using Molinspiration online tool, Swiss ADME website and Swiss Target Prediction websites to compute the physicochemical descriptors, oral bioavailability and brain penetration. (ii) Molecular docking studies were performed using Swiss Dock web service for enumeration of binding affinities and assess their biological potentiality.Results: The results predicted good drug likeness, solubility, permeability and oral bioavailability for the compounds. All the compounds showed good docking scores as compared to the reference drugs. The N-oleoyl functionalized aza glycine derivative demonstrated superior binding properties towards all the studied target reference proteins, suggesting its significance in pharmacological actions.Conclusion: The binding interactions observed in the molecular docking studies suggest good binding affinity of the oleoyl functionalized aza glycine derivative, indicating that this derivative would be a promising lead for further investigations of anti-viral, anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic activities.
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DU, XUEHONG, JIANXIN JIAO, and MITCHELL M. TSENG. "Product family modeling and design support: An approach based on graph rewriting systems." Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 16, no. 2 (April 2002): 103–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890060402020097.
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Earlier research on product family design (PFD) often highlights isolated and successful empirical studies with a limited attempt to explore the modeling and design support issues surrounding this economically important class of engineering design problems. This paper proposes a graph rewriting system to organize product family data according to the underpinning logic and to model product derivation mechanisms for PFD. It represents the structural and behavioral aspects of product families as family graphs and related graph operations, respectively. The derivation of product variants becomes a graph rewriting process, in which family graphs are transformed to variant graphs by applying appropriate graph rewriting rules. The system is developed in the language of programmed graph rewriting systems or PROGRES, which supports the specification of hierarchical graph schema and parametric rewriting rules. A meta model is defined for family graphs to factor out those entities common to all product families. A generic model is defined to describe all specific entities relevant to particular families. An instance model describes all product variants for individual customer orders. A prototype of a graph-based PFD system for office chairs is also developed. The system can provide an interactive environment for customers to make choices among product offerings. It also facilitates design automation of product families and enhances interactions and negotiations among sales, design, and manufacturing.
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Leipnik, Roy B., and C. E. M. Pearce. "Diversity sensitivity and multimodal Bayesian statistical analysis by relative entropy." ANZIAM Journal 47, no. 2 (October 2005): 277–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1446181100010038.
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AbstractA list of recognised social diversities is assembled, including those used in social action programmes in the USA. Responses to diversity are discussed and diversity sensitivity defined as the derivative of response with respect to a defining parameter of a diversity distribution. Rewards (or penalties) for diversity are listed also; sensitivities to the responses to the rewards for diversity are called diversity sensitivities of the second kind. The statistics of bimodal and multimodal distributions are discussed, including the parametric estimation of such distributions by mixtures of multivariate normal distributions. An example is considered in detail.
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Campos-Junior, Paulo Henrique Almeida, Guilherme Mattos Jardim Costa, Gleide Fernandes Avelar, Samyra Maria Santos Nassif Lacerda, Nathália Nogueira da Costa, Otávio Mitio Ohashi, Moysés dos Santos Miranda, et al. "Derivation of sperm from xenografted testis cells and tissues of the peccary (Tayassu tajacu)." REPRODUCTION 147, no. 3 (March 2014): 291–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-13-0581.
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Because the collared peccary (Tayassu tajacu) has a peculiar Leydig cell cytoarchitecture, this species represents a unique mammalian model for investigating testis function. Taking advantage of the well-established and very useful testis xenograft technique, in the present study, testis tissue and testis cell suspensions from immature collared peccaries (n=4; 3 months old) were xenografted in SCID mice (n=48) and evaluated at 2, 4, 6, and 8 months after grafting. Complete spermatogenesis was observed at 6 and 8 months after testis tissue xenografting. However, probably due to de novo testis morphogenesis and low androgen secretion, functionally evaluated by the seminal vesicle weight, a delay in spermatogenesis progression was observed in the testis cell suspension xenografts, with the production of fertile sperm only at 8 months after grafting. Importantly, demonstrating that the peculiar testicular cytoarchitecture of the collared peccary is intrinsically programmed, the unique Leydig cell arrangement observed in this species was re-established after de novo testis morphogenesis. The sperm collected from the xenografts resulted in diploid embryos that expressed the paternally imprinted gene NNAT after ICSI. The present study is the first to demonstrate complete spermatogenesis with the production of fertile sperm from testis cell suspension xenografts in a wild mammalian species. Therefore, due to its unique testicular cytoarchitecture, xenograft techniques, particularly testis cell suspensions, may represent a new and very promising approach to evaluate testis morphogenesis and to investigate spermatogonial stem cell physiology and niche in the collared peccary.