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1
Berg, Thomas. "Locating affixes on the lexicon-grammar continuum." Cognitive Linguistic Studies 2, no. 1 (2015): 150–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cogls.2.1.08ber.
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This study seeks to determine the relative position of derivational affixes on the lexicon-grammar continuum in English. Its major claim is that the set of prefixes is rather more lexical and the set of suffixes rather more grammatical in nature. This hypothesis is supported by a battery of ten tests (nine linguistic and one psycholinguistic). All tests converge to the point where we can raise the possibility of a unified explanation. A theoretical account is offered which is grounded in both language structure and processing. It is erected on a temporal asymmetry between prefixes and suffixes and a logical (relational) asymmetry between stems and affixes. In conjunction with the immediacy-of-processing assumption, these asymmetries lead to a temporal precedence of (more) lexical over (more) grammatical material, hence the higher lexicalness of prefixes and the higher grammaticalness of suffixes. An extended focus on inflectional morphology locates inflectional suffixes at the grammatical end of the spectrum. Inflectional prefixes in languages other than English may find a place either between derivational prefixes and derivational suffixes or between derivational and inflectional suffixes.
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Rugaiyah, Rugaiyah. "Derivational and Inflectional Morphemes: A Morphological Analisis." J-SHMIC : Journal of English for Academic 5, no. 2 (2018): 73–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.25299/jshmic.2018.vol5(2).1887.
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This study was intended to describe the category of inflectional and derivational morphemes found in Reading Texts of 2013 Curriculum English Textbook for the X Grade of Senior High Schools Published by Ministry of Education and Culture. Morpheme is used to refer to the smallest unit that has meaning or serves a grammatical function in a language. The morphemes which can meaningfully stand alone are called free morphemes while the morphemes such as –er and –s, which cannot meaningfully stand alone are called bound morphemes. The design of this study was descriptive qualitative. The results of this study show that Derivational prefixes consist of inter-, eco-, un-, ar-, pre-, re-, pro-, be-, de-, in-, dis-, a-, ex-, auto-, mis-, agri-, em-, ap-, im- and al-. While, Derivational suffixes consist of four categories. Thus are nominal, verbal, adjectival, and adverbial suffixes. First, nominal suffixes, namely –ism, -ation, -al, -ing, -ist, -or, -ity, -er, -ance, -ment, -ion, -ess, -ium, -ature, -ry, -ant, -ce, -ive, -cy, -y, -r, -ge, and -ness. Second, Verbal suffixes, namely –n and –ize. Third, Adjectival suffixes, namely –al, -ly, -ous, -ing, -able, -ic, -ish, -ive, -ian, -ny, -less, -ed, -ary, -nese, -y, and –ful and the last is adverbial suffix –ly. Otherwise, the categories of inflectional morphemes that found in texts consist of Noun suffixes (plural) such as; –s, -ies, and –es, Noun suffixes (possessive) e.g; –s’ and -’s, Verb suffixes (3rd person singular) are –s and –es, Verb suffixes (past tense) are –ed and –d, Verb suffixes (past participle) such as; –n, -d, and -ed, Adjective suffixes (comparative) are –er, - r, and –ier and Adjective suffixes (superlative) are –st and –est. Therefore, based on the result of finding verb suffixes are not found.
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Baeskow, Heike. "His Lordship's -ship and the King of Golfdom. Against a purely functional analysis of suffixhood." Word Structure 3, no. 1 (2010): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/e1750124510000474.
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For many decades there has been a consensus among linguists of various schools that derivational suffixes function not only to determine the word-class of the complex expressions they form, but also convey semantic information. The aspect of suffix-inherent meaning is ignored by representatives of a relatively new theoretical direction – Neo-Construction Grammar – who consider derivational suffixes to be either purely functional elements of the grammar or meaningless phonological realizations of abstract grammatical morphemes. The latter view is maintained by adherents of Distributed Morphology, who at the same time emphasize the importance of conceptual knowledge for derivational processes without attempting to define this aspect. The purpose of this study is first of all to provide support for the long-standing assumption that suffixes are inherently meaningful. The focus of interest is on the suffixes -ship, -dom and -hood. Data from Old English and Modern English (including neologisms) will show that these suffixes have developed rich arrays of meaning which cannot be structurally derived. Moreover, since conceptual knowledge is indeed an important factor for word-formation processes, a concrete, theory-independent model for the representation of the synchronically observable meaning components associated with -ship, -dom and -hood will be proposed.
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Nisa, Baiatun. "A Morphological Process of Derivational Affixes in Popular LINE Webtoon: The Annarasumanara." REiLA: Journal of Research and Innovation in Language 2, no. 2 (2020): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.31849/reila.v2i2.4656.
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This research tries to analyze the morphological process of derivational affixes in a popular LINE Webtoon comic titled Annarasumanara authored by Il Kwon Ha. This research uses a synchronic descriptive approach in which data are collected and explained naturally. The objects of this research are the conversations in Annarasumanara from episode 1 to 10. The results of the research are 53 words that changed word classes, involving 7 derivational prefixes and 47 derivational suffixes. The suffix “-ly” is the most dominantly used in the Webtoon. This study revealed not only the detailed morphological process of affix analysis but also the grammatical categories of words and meanings.
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Qadir, Muhsin Hama Saeed, and Saza Ahmed Fakhry Abdulla. "A Comparative Morphological Approach to Class Maintaining Derivational Affixes in English and Kurdish." Journal of University of Human Development 6, no. 4 (2020): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/juhd.v6n4y2020.pp25-34.
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This paper is a comparative morphological study of some class maintaining derivational affixes that do not alter the grammatical categories lexemes in Standard English and Central Kurdish from the standpoints of Generative Morphology. For the comparative analysis of the two languages, some of the derivational affixes that form new meanings from the existing lexemes and retain the grammatical categories of the newly derived lexemes have been classified. The main aim of the study is to identify the points of similarity and difference of class maintaining derivational affixes in both languages. The findings indicate that in the addition of nominal affixes, English and Kurdish are similar in that ‘concrete nouns’ could remain concrete nouns, as well as could convert into abstract nouns by adding certain affixes. In English, a prefix can also be added to a concrete noun to derive a new concrete noun, whereas in Kurdish, only a prefix can be added to an abstract noun to form a concrete noun. In the addition of adjectival affixes, both languages are similar in that adjectives can derive new adjectives by attaching some prefixes and some suffixes to the existing lexemes. In English, the cardinal numbers remain cardinals when the suffixes –teen and –ty are attached to them, whereas in Kurdish the only rare case can be seen when the suffix –a is attached to the two cardinal numerals hawt/ haft ‘seven’ and hašt ‘eight’. The suffixes –th in English and -(h)am and -(h)amin in Kurdish can be attached to the cardinal numbers to form the ordinal numbers.
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Schmitt, Norbert, and Paul Meara. "RESEARCHING VOCABULARY THROUGH A WORD KNOWLEDGE FRAMEWORK." Studies in Second Language Acquisition 19, no. 1 (1997): 17–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0272263197001022.
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This study examines how two types of word knowledge, word associations and grammatical suffix knowledge, change over time both receptively and productively. Ninety-five secondary and postsecondary Japanese students were tested on three word associations and inflectional and derivational suffixes for each of 20 verbs, once near the beginning of their academic year and once near the end. The results showed their average vocabulary gain was 330 words. The students showed rather poor knowledge of the allowable suffixes for the verbs, especially the derivative suffixes. Likewise, the subjects did not show very good mastery of the verbs' word associations. Even for verbs rated as known, the students as a group were able to produce only about 50% of the word associations possible on the test as judged by native speaker norms. Word association knowledge and suffix knowledge were shown to correlate with each other and with total vocabulary size. The subjects overall had from 19 to 25 percentage points more receptive knowledge than productive knowledge.
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Ariani, N. K. "DERIVATIONAL AND INFLECTIONAL PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES IN BATUSESA DIALECT OF BALINESE: A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY." International Journal of Language and Literature 1, no. 1 (2017): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.23887/ijll.v1i1.9617.
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This study was designed in the form of descriptive qualitative study with the aim at describing the prefixes and suffixes in Batusesa Dialect of Balinese which belong to derivational and inflectional morpheme. The techniques used to collect the data were observation, recording and interview technique. In this study, there were three informants chosen. The results of this study show that there are four kinds of prefixes found in Batusesa Dialect, namely {n-}, {me-}, {pe-}, and {a-} and five kinds of suffixes namely {-ang}, {-nә}, {-in}, {-an} and {-ә}. There are three kinds of prefixes and one kind of suffixes which belong to derivational morpheme, namely {n-}, {me-}, {pe-}, and {-ang}. Moreover there are three kinds of inflectional prefixes namely {n-}, {me-}, and {a-} and four kinds of suffixes which belong to inflectional morpheme, namely {-nә}, {-in}, {-an} and {-ә}. There were some grammatical functions of prefixes and suffixes in Batusesa dialect of Balinese, namely affix forming verbal, affix forming nominal, affix forming numeral, affix forming adjective, and affix forming adverb, activizer and passivizer.
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Inglese, Guglielmo, and Simone Mattiola. "Pluractionality in Hittite." STUF - Language Typology and Universals 73, no. 2 (2020): 261–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/stuf-2020-2003.
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AbstractHittite features three derivational suffixes, i.e., -ške/a-, -šša-, and -anna/i-, that attach to verbs and are commonly described as expressing a number of imperfective-like functions. So far, the distribution and use of these suffixes has defied a satisfactory explanation. Whereas some scholars argue that they operate within the domain of lexical aspect, others view them as associated with the encoding of grammatical imperfective aspect. In this paper, we focus on the interpretation of -ške/a- and argue that a better understanding of the nature of this suffix can be achieved if one frames its description within the typology of pluractional constructions. As we show, the range of polyfunctionality of -ške/a- fully complies with the cross-linguistic behavior of pluractional markers. We also provide a tentative diachronic scenario that accounts for the rise of such polyfunctionality out of the original semantic core of the suffix.
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Morapedi, Setumile. "Passive constructions in Setswana." JULACE: Journal of the University of Namibia Language Centre 3, no. 1 (2018): 38–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.32642/julace.v3i1.1374.
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The paper analyses passive constructions in Setswana from morpho-syntactic view point, showing that the suffixation of a passive morpheme to the verb reduces the argument structure of the verb. Previous studies carried out in Setswana verbal suffixes have confined their investigations to these morphemes as elements of morphology but have failed to observe that these affixes overlap into syntax. Chebanne (1996) observes that in Setswana, verbal extensions can combine with a single verbal base but fail to observe the overlap into syntax. Further, the studies do not give any insight in the features that Setswana shares with other Bantu languages. The passive construction in Setswana, like in other Bantu languages, is a bit complex in the sense that the verbal extension –iw brings into effect the dropping of the subject, and the object becomes the grammatical subject, thus rendering the transitive verb, such as, apaya ‘cook’ intransitive. Conversely, other derivational suffixes, such as applicative and causative, increase the verb’s arguments by two. For instance, the suffixation of the verbal suffix –el suggests an entity carrying out the action and somebody benefiting. The paper also compares passive with other verbal extensions such as neuter, applicative, causatives and reciprocals. It shows that while the passive occurs with most verbs and other verbal extensions, such as, applicative or causative suffixes, the neuter is rigid in occurring with other verbal extensions. The paper also appeals to Lexical Mapping Theory, whose role is to constrain mapping relations between thematic roles, such as an agent or patient and the corresponding grammatical functions, such as the subject, patient and oblique that have been subcategorized for by predicates
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Fitria, Tira Nur. "An Analysis of Derivational and Inflectional Morpheme in Selected News From Tempo.Co." Rainbow: Journal of Literature, Linguistics and Cultural Studies 9, no. 2 (2020): 146–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/rainbow.v9i2.40348.
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The objectives of this research are to know the derivational and inflectional morphemes and to know the functions of morpheme in the selected news from Tempo.co. This research uses qualitative method. The analysis shows that the derivational and inflectional morphemes found in Tempo.co as 357 words. Derivational shows 97 data (27.17 %) and inflectional shows 260 data (72.83 %). Derivational changes the grammatical categories of words which consists of suffix and prefix, for example, noun-forming suffix changes the words/morphemes to nouns in the suffix –ion, -ment, -ist, -ship and –er. Adjective-forming suffix changes the words/ morphemes to adjectives in the suffix –able, -al, -ful, -ic, -cal, and –ous. Adverb-forming suffix changes the words/morphemes to an adverb in the suffix –ly. While, verb-forming prefix changes adjective to new adjective or form verb to new verb in the prefix un- and mis-. The inflectional does not change the grammatical categories of words which consists of “-s, -‘s, -er, -est, -s, -ed, -ing, and –en”. The suffix –s means plural. The suffix -‘s, -s’ means possessive. The suffix –er means comparative. The suffix –est means superlative. The suffix –ed means past. The suffix –ing means Ving (continuous). The suffix –en means participle.
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Abdulla, Saza F., and Mohsin H. S. Qadir. "Comparative Approach to Class Changing Derivational Affixes in English and Kurdish." Koya University Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 4, no. 1 (2021): 110–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.14500/kujhss.v4n1y2021.pp110-121.
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This paper is an analytical comparative morphological study of class changing of some of derivational affixes in Standard English and Central Kurdish from the standpoints of Generative Morphology. For the analysis, this work relies heavily on the identification of various class changing affixes between the two languages under study. The main goal is to identify the points of similarity and difference of class changing affixes that change the grammatical categories and the lexical meaning of the existing lexemes. The findings show that English and Kurdish are similar in the formation of nominal and adjectival affixes where certain lexemes can change the lexical categories and the meaning of the newly derived words. In English, in the formation of verbal affixes, a ‘noun’ and an ‘adjective’ can be converted into a ‘verb’ by adding certain prefixes and suffixes. While in Kurdish, no new lexemes can be formed from the root of the verb since the internal structure of the verbs in Kurdish works differently compared to English. In Kurdish, the suffix -a is attached to some cardinal numerals to derive a new noun, whereas in English, no newly derived nouns can be formed by numerals. English and Kurdish are different in the formation of new adverbial affixes. In English, certain adjectives and nouns can derive certain types of adverbs while in Kurdish these lexical categories are unable to derive adverbs by attaching certain derivational affixes.
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Lukina, M. "FEATURES OF WORD FORMATION MODAL AND EVIDENTIAL VERBS IN THE DIALECTS OF THE YUKAGIR LANGUAGE." EurasianUnionScientists 4, no. 11(80) (2020): 66–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.31618/esu.2413-9335.2020.4.80.1126.
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The article reveals the features of word formation of modal and evidential verbs in the tundra and Kolyma dialects of the Yukaghir language. As a result of the analysis of the word formation of verbs in the Yukaghir languages, the following conclusions were drawn: 1) the use of modal verbs in speech, one of the components of which are formants (TYu): -moraw =, -mori =, -bun = (-buol =, -buon), - kādi; (LYu): -mozhuu =, -mozhi =, -uol / -miebi ~ biebi / din =, as well as evidential verbs with formants (TYu and LYu): -le / -lel; = lel-te, testifies to the development of the grammatical structure of the Yukaghir languages, - a gradual transition of full-valued words to verb suffixes; 2) the above formants play the role of a kind of derivational means.
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Minkova, Donka, and Michael Lefkowitz. "The history of /-n/ loss in English: Phonotactic change with lexical and grammatical specificity." Folia Linguistica 40, no. 1 (2019): 203–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/flih-2019-0010.
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Abstract In Old English, /-n/ loss started in early Northumbrian and spread to the southern dialects after about 1050. An important diagnostic of the transition to Middle English, the loss is commonly assumed to be morphologically driven. However, /-n/ loss in atonic syllables could also be phonologically-conditioned: aweġ ‘away’<onweġ, abūtan ‘about’<onbūtan. In Middle English, the loss proceeded rapidly, but the triggers behind the different rates of change and the different results for the various categories have not been fully explored. Using LAEME, we survey all attestations of /-n/ loss, enriching the empirical data-base on the change. The findings show significant differences within word-classes, and differences between inflectional and derivational suffixes. This raises a set of theoretical questions: why did only /-n/ inflections lose their codas, why was the productivity of verbal derivational /-n/ phonotactically restricted, what justifies the loss or retention of /-n/ in stems? We look into the interplay of phonological and morphological factors, isolate the sets in which the results appear to be phonotactically driven, and address the phonotactic dimension in relation to other factors, both within and above the word level. In noun plurals, /-n/ loss emerges as the clearest case of avoidance of phonotactically suboptimal sequences at the word level. A statistical comparison of the end-points of the change reveals that overall frequency has stayed constant and has no obvious direct bearing on the process, while the presence of /-n/ as a morphological marker has changed significantly. The paper ends by identifying aspects of the history of /-n/ that remain uncharted.
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Aydin, Fatma, and Ozgur Yildirim. "A study on the morphological awareness of intermediate level adult Turkish EFL learners." JELE (Journal of English Language and Education) 3, no. 2 (2017): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.26486/jele.v3i2.261.
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The purpose of the current study was to investigate morphological awareness of a group of intermediate level adult Turkish EFL learners. The participants of this study were 168 Turkish first year university students who were taking intermediate level English courses at a state university in Turkey. Morphological Awareness Test (MAT) was the data collection instrument of the study. MAT consists of two sections: Sentence Completion and Word Relation. The Sentence Completion section consists of 27 multiple-choice test items with the purpose of understanding whether the participants are aware of the grammatical and lexical functions of some common derivational suffixes in English. In the Word Relation section, the participants were provided with a list of 20 word pairs (real words), and asked whether the second word in each pair comes from the first word or not. For analyzing the data, first the descriptive statistics (mean scores and standard deviations) were calculated for the sections of MAT and for individual suffixes, then the comparisons between the sections and among the participants were made by using paired-samples t-tests and one-way repeated measures ANOVAs. Results of the study indicated that intermediate-level adult Turkish EFL learners participating in the present study had moderate to high morphological awareness; they performed better in the Word Relation task than in the Sentence Completion task; and they showed the best performance in the verb making suffixes.
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Wati, Atikah. "THE ANALYSIS OF DERIVATION IN CONVERSATION SCRIPTS." Wiralodra English Journal 2, no. 2 (2019): 176–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.31943/wej.v2i2.34.
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Word derivation make the conversation more simple and specific to the topic. The case is many students didn’t recognise and aware of using it. this paper is trying to reveal the words derivation that the students use in their speaking class conversation whether or not it affected to the semantic. Dealing with vocabulary and grammar, speakers often choose certain vocabulary to express something and forming it into the correct grammatical rules, the choice of vocabulary that the speaker use during the planned speaking activity in the classroom and how this words implemented with the correct grammar in the form of literature dealing with morphology and semantic are the main focus of this paper. Many students didn’t really aware with the use of derivational words, 3 numbers of students conversational scripts didn’t insert any derivational words at all. While the other 2 insert very little derivational words. The method of analysis that the writer use to reveal the processes of derivation in more detail by noting three simultaneous processes, namely: a morphological process (e.g. changing the shape of an existing word by adding a prefix or suffix morpheme to an existing root morpheme) a syntactic process (changing the part of speech of a word, e.g. from verb to noun) and a semantic process (producing a new sense, agent, act, property).
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Wati, Atikah. "THE ANALYSIS OF DERIVATION IN CONVERSATION SCRIPTS." Wiralodra English Journal 2, no. 2 (2018): 176–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.31943/wej.v2i2.360.
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Word derivation make the conversation more simple and specific to the topic. The case is many students didn’t recognise and aware of using it. this paper is trying to reveal the words derivation that the students use in their speaking class conversation whether or not it affected to the semantic. Dealing with vocabulary and grammar, speakers often choose certain vocabulary to express something and forming it into the correct grammatical rules, the choice of vocabulary that the speaker use during the planned speaking activity in the classroom and how this words implemented with the correct grammar in the form of literature dealing with morphology and semantic are the main focus of this paper. Many students didn’t really aware with the use of derivational words, 3 numbers of students conversational scripts didn’t insert any derivational words at all. While the other 2 insert very little derivational words. The method of analysis that the writer use to reveal the processes of derivation in more detail by noting three simultaneous processes, namely: a morphological process (e.g. changing the shape of an existing word by adding a prefix or suffix morpheme to an existing root morpheme) a syntactic process (changing the part of speech of a word, e.g. from verb to noun) and a semantic process (producing a new sense, agent, act, property).
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Zainuddin, Zainuddin. "A Study on Derivational Affixes of Indonesian Noun-Formation in Newspaper Editorial: A Semantic Perspective." International Journal of English Linguistics 6, no. 3 (2016): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v6n3p148.
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<p>This study aimed at investigating the types of derivational affixes of Indonesian noun-formation in newspaper editorial of <em>kompas</em>. <em>Kompas</em> newspaper is wide circulation or it has a tremendous reading circulation in Indonesia. This study used a descriptive qualitative method by using the theory of structural linguistics to interprete the grammatical meaning carried out in the process of derivational affixes of Indonesian noun-formation. The method of analysis data applied distributional method in terms of classifyng lexical category of Indonesian derived nouns producing affixation. The theory referring to the patterns of <em>derivation and structure</em>, which was developed by Aronoff &amp; Fudeman (2005). The object of the study is a derivational affixes of Indonesian noun-formation that exist in newspaper editorial of Indonesian <em>kompas</em>. Based on the analysis of the data the findings showing that there are 7 types of derivational affixes of Indonesian noun-formation exists in the newspaper editorial (<em>tajuk rencana</em>) of <em>kompas</em> namely (1) <em>suffix -an, </em>(2) <em>infix -em- + suffix -an, </em>(3) <em>infix -el-, </em>(4) <em>confix per-an, </em>(5) <em>confix ke-an, </em>(6) <em>confix pe-an </em>and (7) <em>confix pen-an</em>. These types are considered important viewed from the morphology study in the field of linguistics. This is to say that the phenomena referring to the point of the function of the language is considered.</p>
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Hay, Jennifer, and Ingo Plag. "What Constrains Possible Suffix Combinations? On the Interaction of Grammatical and Processing Restrictions in Derivational Morphology." Natural Language & Linguistic Theory 22, no. 3 (2004): 565–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:nala.0000027679.63308.89.
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Keydana, Götz. "Accent in Thematic Nouns." Indo-European Linguistics 1, no. 1 (2013): 107–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22125892-13010101.
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In this paper I show that the columnar accent of the o-stems can be integrated into a simple accent grammar of PIE. After establishing the general pattern I demonstrate how the accented and unaccented thematic suffixes fit into the picture. The grammatical sketch leads to the conclusion that it is unnecessary to assume any break between a more ancient PIE stratum with consonant stems and a more recent one with vocalic stems, each with its own accent and ablaut patterns. In the second part a morphological network for deriving the accent patterns of internal derivation in o-stems is developed. In a short outlook I show that the simple mechanism of accent inversion developed here also accounts for internal derivation in consonant stems and for accent shifts in compounds.
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Nurtaeva, А., G. Abdirasilova, and G. Shoibekova. "MOTIVATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF WORD-FORMING ANTONYMY." BULLETIN Series of Philological Sciences 74, no. 4 (2020): 157–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.51889/2020-4.1728-7804.32.
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The article deals with the antonymic characteristics of word-forming motivation. Word-forming antonymy is manifested as the beginning of creating a new word in the language. In Kazakh linguistics, there are works on word-forming antonymy. But work is not considered that derivational antonyms is the beginning of enantiosemy. In the derivation of antonymy in the first place, motivated by the same root word. Because single-root words do not have any suffix, that is, they do not cover the grammatical meanings of other affixes. Therefore, it is quick and easy to relate to motivational relationships and is prone to semantic development. And if affixes are added, they also have the possibility of semantic development, but not so easily, as in the root and there will be no semantic development. Only twice gets into semantic development and is deprived of the possibility of further development. Because the affixes and their values inhibit the semantic development.
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Fekete, István. "Hungarian gyerekestül vs. gyerekkel (‘with [the] kid’)." Hungarian Cultural Studies 6 (January 12, 2014): 96–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/ahea.2013.115.
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The paper analyzes the various uses of the Hungarian -stUl (‘together with’, ‘along with’) sociative (associative) suffix (later in the paper referred to simply as “sociative”), as in the example gyerekestül. As opposed to its comitative-instrumental suffix -vAl (‘with’), the -stUl suffix cannot express instrumentality. The paper aims to demonstrate the difference in use between the comitative-instrumental -vAl and the -stUl suffix in contemporary Hungarian, and to illuminate the historical emergence of the suffix as well as its grammatical status. It is argued on the basis of Antal (1960) and Kiefer (2003) that -stUl cannot be analyzed as an inflectional case suffix (such as the -vAl suffix, or -ed, -ing, or the plural in English), but should rather be categorized as a derivational suffix (such as English dis-, re-, in-, -ance, -able, -ish, -like, etc.). The paper also tries to shed light on the hypothetical cognitive psychological distinction between the comitative and the sociative. It is suggested that the sociative is based on the amalgam image schema which is derived from the LINK schema of the comitative. The ironical reading of the sociative is an implicature in the sense of Grice (1989) and Sperber and Wilson (1987). Psycholinguistic experimentation is proposed to follow up on the mental representation of the sociative.
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Kruhlij, Olena, and Oksana Cherniak. "DISTRIBUTIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF COMBINING." Germanic Philology Journal of Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University, no. 831-832 (2021): 156–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.31861/gph2021.831-832.156-166.
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The article is devoted to the study of distributive characteristics of combining forms in Modern English. The material of the study is words and terms taken from the Modern English dictionaries. A number of general scientific (analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, observation, classification, systematization), as well as purely linguistic methods (method of continuous sampling from lexicographic sources, lexico-semantic analysis, study of vocabulary definitions, contextual interpretation) is applied. The morpheme structure of derivatives with these formants is considered. The positions of the studied units in the morpheme structure of the word are analyzed, as well as the classes of morphemes that are in contact with them. The ways of word formation with the participation of combining forms in Modern English word formation and term formation are singled out. It is revealed that combining forms take an active part in terminological word formation in accordance with the existing patterns and models in the language. In derivation with the participation of the studied elements, depending on the formal means of word formation, affixation, composition and abbreviation are distinguished. The classification of distributive classes with a relatively free and fixed position in the word is given through a detailed study of the sum of all environments of combining forms, order and place, compatibility, properties of their use in relation to other elements are fixed. It was found that the studied elements are characterized by wide combinatorial possibilities, which are manifested in their ability to occupy different positions in the word, which can be relatively free or fixed. Three distributive classes are traced among combining forms the units with relatively free position in a word and fixed position. Bases and prefixes are found in the contact environment of a limited number of combining forms. The vast majority of these forms are combined with elements of the same status and suffixes. Only conditionally complex combining forms are characterized by an identical contact environment on the left and right. Combining forms are mainly characterized by the environment of units with the same status as them (right and left) and suffix environment. A characteristic feature of these elements’ compatibility is the absence of grammatical affixes among the morphemes adjacent to them, and the limited number of prefixes and root morphemes among their contact environment. It seems promising to expand the scope of the study by studying these derivational forms, which function in different terminological systems and in different styles of texts in Modern English. The comparison of combinatorial forms in different modern languages is of particular interest.
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Ali, Muzaffar, Abdul Hamid, and Ghani Rahman. "Acquisition of English derivational morphemes students of selected universities in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan." Liberal Arts and Social Sciences International Journal (LASSIJ) 5, no. 1 (2021): 338–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.47264/idea.lassij/5.1.22.
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Derivational morphemes pose problems for learners of English. In this connection, the nature of the problems faced by the learners needs to be investigated. The present study investigates the acquisition of English derivational morphemes by undergraduate level students. Data for the study was selected from four universities of KPK including Hazara University, Islamia College University, Kohat University of Science and Technology and Swat University. The findings of the study highlight that the problems faced by learners are different in nature. Some students did not easily acquire the English derivational morphemes. Their scores were different for different derivational morphemes suggesting that they had acquired some of these morphemes easily as compared to others. Derivational morphemes such as de-adjective nominal suffixes are acquired more easily as compared to de-verbal nominals. Our first hypothesis that states that class preserving suffixes are acquired easily than class changing suffixes was approved. Furthermore, the classes preserving derivational prefixes were found to be easily acquired than class changing derivational suffixes.
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Diah Sri Lestari, Ni Putu. "Derived Nouns in Austen’s Novel Sense and Sensibility." Udayana Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (UJoSSH) 4, no. 1 (2020): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/ujossh.2020.v04.i01.p07.
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This study is entitled Derived Nouns in Austen’s Novel Sense and Sensibility. This study aims to identify kinds of derivational suffixes nouns found in Derived Nouns in Austen’s novel Sense and Sensibility and to explain meanings of the derived nouns. The data were taken from Austen’s novel Sense and Sensibility published in 1811. This study used library research and applied documentation method to collect the data. The method used in data analysis was the qualitative method. The technique of presenting data used the descriptive method for identifying the process of the derivational forming noun. This study applied the kinds of derived suffixes nouns proposed by McCarthy (2002) as the main theory, and meaning of derived nouns proposed by Haspelmath and Sims (2010) as the supporting theory. The findings showed that there were three classes; they are: suffixes forming nouns from nouns such as the suffixes –er, -ship and –hood, suffixes forming adjectives from nouns are the suffixes –ity, -ness, and –ism, and suffixes forming verb from nouns are the suffixes –ance, -ence, -ment, -ing, –((a)t)ion, and -al. The derivational meanings denoted deverbal nouns found in the data such as agent nouns and action nouns. The derivational meanings denoted deadjective nouns were quality nouns. On the other side, the derivational meanings denoted by denominal nouns were status nouns.
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Plag, Ingo, Christiane Dalton-Puffer, and Harald Baayen. "Morphological productivity across speech and writing." English Language and Linguistics 3, no. 2 (1999): 209–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1360674399000222.
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Claims about the productivity of a given affix are generally made without differentiating productivity according to type of discourse, although it is commonly assumed that certain kinds of derivational suffixes are more pertinent in certain kinds of texts than in others. Conversely, studies in register variation have paid very little attention to the role derivational morphology may play in register variation.This paper explores the relation between register variation and derivational morphology through a quantitative investigation of the productivity of a number of English derivational suffixes across three types of discourse in the British National Corpus (written language, context-governed spoken language, and everyday conversations). Three main points emerge from the analysis. First, within a single register, different suffixes may differ enormously in their productivity, even if structurally they are constrained to a similar extent. Second, across the three registers under investigation a given suffix may display vast differences in productivity. Third, the register variation of suffixes is not uniform, i.e. there are suffixes that show differences in productivity across registers while other suffixes do not, or do so to a lesser extent. We offer some tentative explanations for these findings and discuss the implications for morphological theory.
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Suhandoko, S., and Dian Riesti Ningrum. "A corpus-based list of academic English derivational suffixes." Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistics 10, no. 2 (2020): 481–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/ijal.v10i2.28589.
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The study reported in this paper aims to create a list of academic English derivational suffixes to help EFL teachers decide which derivational suffixes to be taught first and help their learners, especially those of higher education, expand their vocabulary size. Gardner and Davies’ (2014) 3,000-word list of Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA) academic was analyzed following Hay (2002) and Plag’s (2006) frameworks by counting the number of words containing the suffixes. This study found 1,251 suffixed words in the corpus deriving from 41 suffixes, which comprise 22 noun suffixes, 13 adjectival suffixes, 4 verbal suffixes, and 2 adverbial suffixes. The suffixes were then ordered into 3 levels based on the frequency; 22 suffixes are put in Level 1, 12 suffixes in Level 2, and 7 suffixes in Level 3. Considering the high frequency, all suffixes in Level 1 should gain more attention of the teachers. The more frequent occurrence of the suffix in a variety of context will provide a greater chance for the learners to get more exposure. Hence, mastering it will likely expand learners’ vocabulary size through combining the suffix and existing base.
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Ahmadova, Aysel. "One-sound morphemic elements in the base of the derivational suffixes in Orkhon Inscriptions." Journal of Language and Cultural Education 5, no. 1 (2017): 200–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jolace-2017-0012.
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Abstract In this paper, the origin of Turkic derivational suffixes is discussed. It was noted that there are various approaches to this case, one of them being the theory of grammaticalization which suggests that Turkic derivational suffixes come from content words, while the other being based on the one-sound morphemic elements that are common to some derivational suffixes. The main one-sound formants in the language of Orkhon Inscriptions that we investigate are the elements -l, -g, and -m. The element -l occurs both in denominal and deverbal words, whereas the formants -g and -m are registered mostly in deverbal nominal words.
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Lewis, Debra J., and Jennifer Windsor. "Children's Analysis of Derivational Suffix Meanings." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 39, no. 1 (1996): 209–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3901.209.
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This note examined the relation between school-age children's production and comprehension of derivational suffixes in nonsense words and their knowledge of suffix meaning in real derivatives. Results indicated that knowledge of derivational suffixes was used often in defining low-frequency derivatives and that it was significantly correlated with suffix production in the nonsense task. In addition, suffix productivity was found to be an important factor determining the comprehension as well as the production of particular suffixes to convey a range of meanings.
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Narasuari, Ni Putu Dian, and Ni Ketut Sri Rahayuni. "Derivational Suffixes in Crazy Rich Asians Novel: A Morphological Analysis." Humanis 24, no. 4 (2020): 364. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jh.2020.v24.i04.p03.
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This study focused on the classification types and identifying the function of derivational suffixes. The data were taken from a novel entitled Crazy Rich Asians by Kevin Kwan. The collected data were analysed by using documentation method and qualitatively analyzed. The analysis was based on the theory of morphological study, particularly suffixes that is proposed by Plag (2002:109). Moreover, Merriam Webster dictionary is used in this study to analyse the word class of suffixes. The findings showed that there are four types of suffixes, such as: nominal suffixes, verbal suffixes, adjectival suffixes, adverbial suffixes. The function of the suffix can be divided into two, which is to class maintaining suffixes and class changing suffixes.
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Əliş qızı Əliyeva, Tərlan. "Opportunities to use historical comments in teaching morphology." SCIENTIFIC WORK 66, no. 05 (2021): 45–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/66/45-48.
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Our language reflects the historical memory, traditions, ethnic and moral views of our people and so on. it is our invaluable spiritual wealth that always lives in us. One of the main tasks of the Azerbaijani language is to educate the young generation in the spirit of love for our national and spiritual resources, ancient history, loyalty to our people and, most importantly, knowledge of the subtleties of the language, using these inexhaustible opportunities. When using historical comments as a tool in the process of teaching the morphology of the Azerbaijani language in the acquisition of grammatical forms regulated by a number of intra-linguistic and extra-linguistic events that are difficult to comprehend, students gain more information about the morphological structure of our language. The use of historical comments in Azerbaijani language lessons should be done systematically. The advantages of referring to its ancient and rich history in the study of the modern state of language are reflected in the correct definition of the morphological structure of the language. We can even point out the importance of commenting on the history of writing in the teaching of the alphabet. In the process of teaching morphology, we can note the importance of commentary in the deep mastery of individual speech senses. The study of morphological features of the Azerbaijani language is based on the principle of history. Because the goal is to instill in today's young generation some information about the history of our language. Key words: Azerbaijani language, morphology, history, modern state of language, derivations, word creation, suffixes, historical commentary
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Ahmed, Mubdir Shihab. "Iraqi EFL Learners' Recognition and Production of English Derivational Suffixes." Al-Adab Journal 2, no. 132 (2020): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.31973/aj.v2i132.614.
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This study aims at testing the Iraqi EFL learners' recognition and production of the derivational suffixes in English and namely, noun, verb, adjective, and adverb. It is hypothesized that the Iraqi EFL learners find difficulty in forming new correct parts of speech from the roots due to their unsureness of the suitable derivational suffixes. Also, they tend to use derivational suffixes with different parts of speech depending on different factors like guessing and generalization. The sample of this study is fourth-year Iraqi students of the Department of English/ College of Education Ibn Rushd/ Universitry of Baghdad of the academic year (2014-2015). To achieve the aim of this study a test, which comprises two questions, has been constructed. A multiple-choice question at the recognition level and a completion question at the production level are constructed. The findings of the test show that Iraqi EFL university learners face difficulty in recognizing and producing the derivational suffixes of different parts of speech. In the light of the results, some conclusions have been drawn and a number of recommendations and suggestions have been presented.
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Arsenijević, Boban, and Marko Simonović. "The importance of not belonging: Paradigmaticity and loan nominalizations in Serbo-Croatian." Open Linguistics 4, no. 1 (2018): 418–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opli-2018-0021.
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Abstract In a number of Slavic and Germanic languages, various derivational affixes and morphological patterns of Latin origin are relatively common, and bear effects as abstract as deriving event nouns from verbs and property nouns from adjectives. This seems to contradict the general observation that abstract morphology typically is not subject to borrowing. We discuss the status of two Serbo-Croatian (S-C) nominalizing Latinate suffixes, -cija and -itet, complemented by one Germanic suffix, -er. On our analysis, these are not borrowed suffixes and derivational patterns, in the sense that they were present in another language and got copied into S-C, but rather suffixes and patterns which emerged within S-C, more specifically in the borrowed stratum of the S-C lexicon. Crucial factors in their emergence were the shared semantic properties of the nouns ending in the respective sequences (-cija, -itet and -er), and the quantitative properties of these sequences closely matching those of native derivational suffixes. Pragmatic, phonological and prosodic constraints apply to these derivations to the effect that the suffixes that have emerged in the borrowed domain of the lexicon never enter a competition with the native nominalization patterns.
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Kazlauskienė, Asta, and Gailius Raškinis. "The Structure of Morphemes of Lithuanian Verbs." Respectus Philologicus 23, no. 28 (2013): 198–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/respectus.2013.23.28.17.
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The aim of this research was to establish and describe the most important phonemic patterns of Lithuanian verb morphemes. The investigation was based on a corpus of 30,000 verb types (verbs and their forms). All words in the corpus were stressed and phonetically transcribed. A computer program was developed to extract statistics out of this corpus. The results indicate that monosyllabic morphemes dominate in Lithuanian. They comprise 97%, 99%, 98%, and 97% of all verb roots, prefixes, derivational suffixes, and endings respectively. Inflectional suffixes and the reflexive affix are exclusively monosyllabic. Pronominal inflection endings are either disyllabic (97%) or trisyllabic. There is a high variety of vowelconsonant patterns among verbs: the verb root is represented by 91 patterns, prefixes by 8 patterns, derivational suffixes by 18 patterns, inflectional suffixes by 7 patterns, inflectional endings by 9 patterns, endings of pronominal participles by 7 patterns, and the reflexive affix by 3 different patterns. The consonant-vowel-consonant (CVC) pattern appeared to be the most frequent among verb roots (45%), the CV pattern was the most frequent among prefixes (59%), the VC pattern was the most frequent among derivational suffixes (46%), and V pattern was the most frequent among inflectional endings of Lithuanian verbs (76%). In many cases, the root of a verb contains both initial and final consonants (82%). Because of this and because of the tendency to avoid hiatus in Lithuanian, the root can be adjoined by vowel-final prefixes and vowel-initial suffixes or inflectional endings. This appears to be the case, as prefixes are mostly open (80%), and both derivational suffixes (90%) and all inflectional endings begin with vowels. Inflectional suffixes do not follow this regularity. Only one-third of them start with a vowel. The hypothesis that the phonemic structure of a verb root might determine the corresponding patterns of its adjoining affixes seems to be supported by this investigation.
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Windsor, Jennifer. "Children’s Comprehension and Production of Derivational Suffixes." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 37, no. 2 (1994): 408–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3702.408.
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Song, Hyunbae. "Compound Adjectives with Derivational Suffixes in Russian." Issledovanija po slavjanskim jazykam 26, no. 1 (2021): 129–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.30530/jsl.2021.04.26.1.129.
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Kiefer, Ferenc, and András Komlósy. "On the order of word-class preserving derivational suffixes in the Hungarian verb." Word Structure 4, no. 2 (2011): 201–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/word.2011.0010.
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The main aim of the paper is to show that the order of verbal derivational suffixes in Hungarian is determined by three factors: (i) by morphological constraints, (ii) by productivity and (iii) by prototypicality. The suffixes required by the morphology must precede all other suffixes. In general, the more prototypical suffixes appear closer to the stem. The prototypicality cline correlates with the productivity cline in the following way: the more prototypical is the less productive. The paper discusses the properties of the stem-forming, the causative, the factitive, the diminutive and the possibility suffixes in more detail.
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Nurtiddini, Dina, and Laila Soraya. "MORPHOLOGICAL SUFFIXES IN THE ARTICLE OF THE JAKARTA POST ONLINE NEWSPAPER." PROJECT (Professional Journal of English Education) 2, no. 2 (2019): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.22460/project.v2i2.p214-221.
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This study was designed in the form of descriptive qualitative research with the aim at describing the most frequently used suffix in the article entitled “British Company to Invest $200m in West Java waste-to-fuel Plants” from online newspaper The Jakarta Post that published on 4th of March 2019. Documentation is the techniques of data collecting used in this study by reading, analyzing the text, gathering, and counting the suffixes used. The result showed that there are 83 data of suffixes found with 62 data are inflectional suffixes consist of 37% suffix –s (31 data), 18% suffix –ed (15 data), 18% suffix –ing (15 data), and 1% suffix –er (1 data). The rest of 21 data found are derivational suffixes, consist of 1% suffix –able, –ant, –ate, –ation, –ition, –in, –or, –ship, and –ty with each suffix consist of 1 data. The other forms of derivational suffixes found are 5% suffix –ion (4 data), 5% suffix –ly (4 data), 3% suffix –ment (2 data), and 3% suffix –y (2 data). Thus, the writers concluded that inflectional suffixes with the form of suffix –s is the most frequently used suffix in the article.
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Alotaibi, Maye A., and Abdullah M. Alotaibi. "On the Acquisition of Derivational Suffixes by Kuwaiti EFL Learners." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 13, no. 17 (2017): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2017.v13n17p223.
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This study aims to test the extent to which 90 Kuwaiti EFL learners are aware of the correct use of derivational suffixes in English. It also identifies the mains reasons of the errors that Kuwaiti EFL learners may make. In addition, it investigates whether the English proficiency level of the participants plays a role in their answers on the test. To this end, the participants were tested twice in this study; a multiple-choice test was used to check their comprehension skills, whereas a fill-in the blank test was used to measure their ability to produce the correct derivational suffixes in English. Following data analysis, the results reveal that Kuwaiti EFL learners are fairly aware of the correct use of English derivational suffixes to a certain degree; the total mean on both tests (comprehension = 70% and production = 56%) is 63%. The participants obtained higher percentage of correct answers on the comprehension test (mean= 70%) compared to the production test (mean = 56%). Additionally, the t-test shows that the participants’ English proficiency level plays a central role in their comprehension and production of these suffixes. The performance of the Advanced Learners (ALs) (comprehension = 77% and production = 62%) is better than that of the Intermediate Learners (ILs) (comprehension = 64% and production = 48%) on the tests. In particular, there is a statistically significant difference between the answers of ALs and ILs on both tests. Regarding the types of error made by the participants, I argued that the most noticeable ones are due to: (1) the modification that non-neutral derivational suffixes cause when they are attached to the word (stems/roots); and (2) first language (L1) influence. Finally, the study concludes with some recommendations for further research.
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ULLMAN, MICHAEL T., and MYRNA GOPNIK. "Inflectional morphology in a family with inherited specific language impairment." Applied Psycholinguistics 20, no. 1 (1999): 51–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716499001034.
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The production of regular and irregular past tense forms was investigated among the members of an English-speaking family with a hereditary disorder of language. Unlike the control subjects, the family members affected by the disorder failed to generate overregularizations (e.g., digged) or novel regular forms (plammed, crived), whereas they did produce novel irregularizations (crive–crove). They showed word frequency effects for regular past tense forms (looked) and had trouble producing regulars and irregulars (looked, dug). This pattern cannot be easily explained by deficits of articulation or of perceptual processing, by previous simulations of impairments to a single-mechanism system, or by the extended optional infinitive hypothesis. We argue that the pattern is consistent with a three-level explanation. First, we posit a grammatical deficit of rules or morphological paradigms. This may be caused by a dysfunction of a frontal/basal-ganglia “procedural memory” system previously implicated in the implicit learning and use of motor and cognitive skills. Second, in contexts requiring inflection in the normal adult grammar, the affected subjects appear to retrieve word forms as a function of their accessibility and conceptual appropriateness (“conceptual selection”). Their acquisition and use of these word forms may rely on a “declarative memory” system previously implicated in the explicit learning and use of facts and events. Third, a compensatory strategy may be at work. Some family members may have explicitly learned a strategy of adding suffix-like endings to forms retrieved by conceptual selection. The morphological errors of young normal children appear to be similar to those of the affected family members, who may have been left stranded with conceptual selection by a specific developmental arrest. The same underlying deficit may also explain the impaired subjects' difficulties with derivational morphology.
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Sayer, Inaad Mutlib, and Sahima Abdulsalam. "The Acquisition of Derivational Suffixes by Students of English at the University of Human Development." Journal of University of Human Development 4, no. 4 (2018): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/juhd.v4n4y2018.pp55-60.
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Derivational suffixes are essential part of the competence of any foreign language learner, especially learners of English as a foreign language since English is a derivational language. They help the learners enrich their lexical repertoire, which is necessary in both speaking and writing. The present study tested the production and comprehension of derivational suffixes by third-year and fourth-year students of English as a foreign language at the University of Human Development. The aim was to examine the students’ performance on the production and comprehension levels. Two tests were conducted on 112 students and seven one-way ANOVAs were performed to test the seven hypotheses of the study. The participants in the study were divided into two groups depending on their gender (79 females and 33 males) and into four groups depending on their proficiency level (pass, medium, good and very good). The results of the seven ANOVAs revealed that there were no significant gender differences among the students neither in the production test nor in the comprehension test. However, there were significant differences among the students according to the proficiency level in both tests. According to the frequency of the derivational suffixes, there were significant difference in the students’ performance only in the comprehension test; in the production test, the difference was insignificant. Finally, the performance of the students in the comprehension test was much better than their performance in the production test.
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Ježovnik, Janoš. "NOMINAL DERIVATIVESIN THETERSKODIALECT OF SLOVENE(THE LOCAL VARIETY OF TER/PRADIELIS)." PHILOLOGICAL STUDIES 18, no. 2 (2020): 253–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/1857-6060-2020-18-2-253-272.
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The paper analyses substantive derivatives in the local variety of Ter/Pradielis, part of the Terskodialect of Slovene, from a synchronic-diachronic point of view and from the point of view of language contact. The corpus of analysed lexemes comprises of 989 derived and non-derived substantives, recorded between 2013 and 2018. Substantive derivatives are analysed according to their suffixes, motivating lexemes, and derivational meaning. A stronger emphasis is given to synchronically derived lexemes, while synchronically non-derived lexemes are considered to a lesser extent. Those derivational meanings and suffixes that can be assumed to have arisen or been induced by language contact with neighbouring Romance idioms are also analysed contrastively, especially in regard to their functioning in Friulian.
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Naseeb, Maha Zouhair, and Majid Abdulatif Ibrahim. "Morphological Derivations: Learning Difficulties Encountered by Public Secondary School Students in Amman/Jordan." English Language Teaching 10, no. 12 (2017): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/elt.v10n12p172.
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This study aims at investigating the difficulties encountered by public school students in Amman/ Jordan. The study raises the following questions: What are the obstacles that students may encounter in relation to the derivations? What are the causes of such obstacles? To achieve the aims of the study, the researchers manipulate two methods: A quantitative approach in which students of public secondary schools are tested and pre-tested in order to fulfil the reliability and validity of the results and a qualitative approach using interviews with teachers at the same secondary schools and one supervisor in Amman Third Educational Directorate (AL-Qwesmeh). The main results the study reaches can be summed up as follows: students are so poor not only in derivations and derivational suffixes but also in other linguistic topics. In other words, the problem of committing mistakes in derivational suffixes can obviously be regarded as being accumulative problem resulting from other problems which students are encountering in relation to, for example, parts of speech, word order or sentence patterns. Derivations and derivational suffixes should be taught in early stages such as the 8th grade or 9th grade rather than in the last ones like 11th grade or 12th grade.
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Eling, Paul, and Marijke Bergman. "Morfologische Aspecten Van Woordherkenning Bij Broca-Patienten." Psycholinguistiek en taalstoornissen 24 (January 1, 1986): 35–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ttwia.24.05ell.
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It is often stated that Broca's aphasies have problems in dealing with the set of closed class items. From a linguistic point of view, the derivational and inflectional suffixes belong to this set also. In two lexical decision experiments recognition and representation of derived and inflected word forms was studied in seven Broca's aphasies. The first study shows there is no decomposition process involved in recognizing derivational word forms: RT correlates with word form frequency and not with stem frequency. Inflected forms, however, appear to be represented 'under their stem' and therefore are recognized via the stem. Apart from the fact that Broca's aphasies are slower than age matched control subjects, the pattern of results is very similar to that of the control subjects. It can be concluded that Broca's aphasies do not show specific problems in dealing with suffixes, and that derivational and inflectional affixes may be processed differently, both by normals and Broca's aphasies·
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Migunova, Anna S. "Derivational means of expressing locativity in the Erzya and Finnish languages." Finno-Ugric World 10, no. 3 (2018): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15507/2076-2577.010.2018.03.038-044.
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The semantic category “locality” is a common phenomenon in various languages and has various means of expression. The article deals with derivational means of expressing the category of locality on the material of the long-range Erzya and Finnish languages. The article draws particular interest to the suffix way of word formation as one of the most common and productive in Erzya and Finnish languages. The research material is the lexical units of the Erzya and Finnish languages containing word-formation suffixes with the meaning of locality. It employs the descriptive method and the method of comparative analysis. The analysis of language material was carried out by continuous sampling of texts of artistic works. As a result of a comparative analysis, it reveals word-formation suffixes that convey the semantics of locality, including the so-called affixoids and semi-affixes, distinguished in Erzya. The study allows to identify both more and less productive suffixes in each of the considered languages.
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Steriopolo, Olga. "Nominalizing evaluative suffixes in Russian: The interaction of declension class, gender, and animacy." Poljarnyj vestnik 20 (November 30, 2017): 18–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/6.4141.
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This is a study of Russian nominalizing evaluative suffixes that form nouns of the -a-declension. Such suffixes are very interesting to investigate because they can consistently change the animacy, declension class, and grammatical gender of the base to which they attach. However, the resulting nominalizations belong to different grammatical genders that seem to depend on the biological gender of a discourse referent. This work investigates morphosyntactic properties of such evaluative suffixes and proposes an account for the differences in grammatical gender.Nominalizing evaluative suffixes in Russian are drastically understudied. However, they contribute significantly to many important and much-debated questions in the current linguistic literature concerning the interaction between grammatical gender and declension class, mixed gender agreement, interpretability of gender features, and default gender.This research is done in the framework of Distributed Morphology (Halle and Marantz 1993; Halle 1997; Marantz 1997, among many others) and contributes to our understanding of the process of nominalization.
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Maticsák, S. "The -m(V) Nominal Derivational Suffixes in Erzya-Mordvin." Linguistica Uralica 50, no. 3 (2014): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.3176/lu.2014.3.02.
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Lázaro, Miguel, Elisa Pérez, and Rosario Martínez. "Perceptual salience of derivational suffixes in visual word recognition." Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 61, no. 3 (2020): 348–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/sjop.12617.
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Menzel, Thomas. "Rezension: Janusz Siatkowski, Studia nad słowiańsko-niemieckimi kontaktami językowymi, Warszawa: Uniwersytet Warszawski 2015, 503 S." Studia z Filologii Polskiej i Słowiańskiej 52 (December 31, 2017): 315–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.11649/sfps.2017.017.
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Review: Janusz Siatkowski, Studia nad słowiańsko‑niemieckimi kontaktami językowymi, Warszawa: Uniwersytet Warszawski 2015, 503 pp.The article reviews a volume in which Professor Janusz Siatkowski presents lexical and word-formation borrowings from Slavic languages to general German and to German dialects. The book considers the entire area of Slavic-German contact (Livonia, Eastern Prussia, Western Prussia, Pomerania, Silesia, Czechia, Moravia and Austria) as well as Lusatia and territories more distant from the centuries-old language border, namely Saxony, Thuringia, Brandenburg and Mecklenburg. Special attention is paid by the author to borrowings in the works by the Upper-Silesian German language writer Horst Bienek.The reviewed work distinguishes a number of language contact constellations: 1) borrowed lexical roots with borrowed derivational suffixes; with direct counterparts in Slavic languages; 2) borrowed lexical roots with borrowed derivational suffixes; without direct source words in Slavic languages; 3) Slavic derivational suffixes with roots of German etymology; with counterparts in Slavic languages; 4) Slavic derivational suffixes with roots of German etymology; without source words in Slavic languages.Janusz Siatkowski argues that, especially in bilingual territories, language contact was so strong that derivational suffixes could be productive in German dialects irrespective of lexical borrowings. The rich lexicological material is discussed on an excellent scholarly level, in accordance with all criteria of philology and current state of research. The book is a true compendium of Slavic borrowings to German dialects. Recenzja: Janusz Siatkowski, Studia nad słowiańsko-niemieckimi kontaktami językowymi, Warszawa: Uniwersytet Warszawski 2015, ss. 503Omawiany w recenzji tom autorstwa prof. dr. hab. Janusza Siatkowskiego przedstawia zapożyczenia leksykalne i słowotwórcze z języków słowiańskich do języka niemieckiego oraz do gwar niemieckich. Książka uwzględnia całość historycznego areału kontaktów słowiańsko-niemieckich (Inflanty, Prusy Wschodnie, Prusy Zachodnie, Pomorze, Śląsk, Czechy, Morawy i Austria), a także Łużyce i tereny odległe od wielowiekowej granicy językowej, mianowicie Saksonię, Turyngię, Brandenburgię i Meklemburgię. Szczególną uwagę kieruje autor omawianego tomu na zapożyczenia w utworach górnośląskiego pisarza niemieckojęzycznego – Horsta Bienka.W pracy tej wyodrębniono szereg różnych konstelacji kontaktowych: 1) zapożyczone rdzenie leksykalne wraz z sufiksami derywacyjnymi, mające bezpośrednie odpowiedniki w językach słowiańskich; 2) zapożyczone rdzenie wraz z sufiksami derywacyjnymi, niemające bezpośrednich wzorów w językach słowiańskich; 3)słowiańskie sufiksy derywacyjne przy rdzeniach z etymologią niemiecką, mające odpowiedniki w językach słowiańskich; 4)słowiańskie sufiksy derywacyjne przy rdzeniach z etymologią niemiecką, niemające wzorów w językach słowiańskich.Janusz Siatkowski dowodzi, że zwłaszcza na terenach dwujęzycznych kontakty językowe były silne do tego stopnia, iż sufiksy derywacyjne mogły być produktywne w gwarach niemieckich niezależnie od zapożyczeń wyrazowych. Bogaty materiał leksykologiczny jest omówiony na wyśmienitym poziomie naukowym według wszystkich kryteriów filologicznych i na podstawie rozległego stanu badań. Książka może służyć jako kompendium zapożyczeń słowiańskich do gwar niemieckich.
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Liu, Fangfang, and V. A. Kosova. "Substantive Suffixal Adjectives with the Semantics of Intensity in the Russian Language: A Systemic Functional Approach." Uchenye Zapiski Kazanskogo Universiteta. Seriya Gumanitarnye Nauki 162, no. 5 (2020): 33–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.26907/2541-7738.2020.5.33-47.
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Comparative analysis of substantive adjectives with the suffixes -at-, -ast-, -ist-, all having a common additional component of intensity in their derivational semantics, was performed. The adjectives were considered within a series of derivational means used to express the semantic category of intensity. The study is relevant due to the necessity to create a fundamentally new and cognitively oriented description of word-formation units of the Russian language from the standpoint of the systemic functional approach. The purpose of the study was to establish the systemic and categorical status of substantive suffixal adjectives with the semantics of intensity, as well as their functional correlations. Conclusions were made about the subcategorizing character of this meaning in the field of mutational semantics of Russian adjectives (the systemic status of its carriers is a derivational subtype with the suffix -ast- and word-formation subtypes with the suffixes -at-, -ist-). Functional features of the derivatives with each suffix were defined. Similarities and differences between them were revealed. Their systemic and functional relationship (synonymy and parallelism) was established. Zones of functional dominance were found.
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Hancin-Bhatt, Barbara, and William Nagy. "Lexical transfer and second language morphological development." Applied Psycholinguistics 15, no. 3 (1994): 289–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716400065905.
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AbstractThis study investigates the development of two levels of morphological knowledge that contribute to Spanish-English bilingual students’ ability to recognize cognates: the ability to recognize a cognate stem within a suffixed English word, and knowledge of systematic relationships between Spanish and English suffixes (e.g., the fact that words ending in -ty in English often have a Spanish cognate ending in -dad). A total of 196 Latino bilingual students in 4th, 6th, and 8th grade were asked to give the Spanish equivalent for English words, some of which had derivational and inflectional suffixes. The results indicated that the students’ ability to translate cognates increased with age above and beyond any increase in their vocabulary knowledge in Spanish and English. There was also marked growth in the students’ knowledge of systematic relationships between Spanish and English suffixes. Students recognized cognate stems of suffixed words more easily than noncognate stems, suggesting that, in closely related languages such as Spanish and English, cross-language transfer may play a role, not just in recognizing individual words, but also in the learning of derivational morphology.