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Journal articles on the topic 'Derivatives'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Jurczak, Janusz, Agnieszka Cholewiak, and Pawel Stepniak. "Linear Neutral Receptors for Anions: Synthesis, Structure and Applications." Synthesis 50, no. 23 (2018): 4555–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1609943.

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A selective digest of linear anion receptors based on different aromatic skeletons is presented. Since the structures of anions vary from one to another, different strategies have been developed over recent years in order to bind anions efficiently and selectively. Rigidity, number of hydrogen bond donors, steric hindrance, and special preorganization of linear receptors are analyzed to shed light on the rational design of anion receptors.1 Introduction2 1,3- and 1,2-Benzene Derivatives3 1,3- and 5,7-Azulene Derivatives4 1,8-Naphthalene Derivatives5 1,8-Anthracene Derivatives6 2,6-Pyridine Der

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Reissig, Hans-Ulrich, and Reinhold Zimmer. "Cyclizations of Alkoxyallenes: Mechanisms, Intermediates, Products – A Personal Account on Solved and Unsolved Problems with Unique Allene Building Blocks." Synthesis 49, no. 15 (2017): 3291–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1588846.

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The additions of lithiated alkoxyallenes to electrophiles, such as carbonyl compounds, thioketones, imines, and nitrones, provide the expected primary addition products. These alkoxyallene intermediates undergo ring-closure reactions under quite different conditions. Whereas allenyl hydroxylamine derivatives spontaneously cyclize to 1,2-oxazine derivatives, the related allenyl amines, thiols, and alcohols require, with distinct exceptions, promotion by acids, base, silver(I), or gold(I). The different mechanisms of these processes are discussed in this account. The serendipitous discovery of a

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3

Petrini, Marino, and Alessandro Palmieri. "Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Bisindolylmethane Derivatives." Synthesis 51, no. 04 (2018): 829–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1610349.

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This review article summarizes the fundamental synthetic procedures aimed at the preparation of unsymmetrical bisindolylmethanes that have appeared in the literature since 2010. To this goal, reactive electrophilic indole-containing intermediates are mostly generated from indolylmethanols, indolylmethanamines, and indolylmethanthio derivatives and then made to react with simple or functionalized indoles. The asymmetric synthesis of bisindolylmethanes can be also achieved under chiral-catalyzed conditions.1 Introduction2 Direct Three-Component Coupling3 Reaction of Indolylmethanols4 Reaction of

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4

Engesser, Tobias, and Reinhard Brückner. "Stereoselective Aldol Additions of Glycolic Acid and Its Derivatives." Synthesis 51, no. 08 (2019): 1715–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1611721.

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This review gives a comprehensive overview of aldol additions of glycolic acid derivatives to achiral aldehydes and acetals affording α,β-dihydroxycarboxylic acids or derivatives thereof. The focus is on simple diastereoselectivity. A selection of related aldol additions is also presented: aldol additions of glycolic acid derivatives to ketones with two different substituents and aldol additions of α-substituted glycolic acid derivatives.1 Introduction1.1 Organization of this Review1.2 Outside the Scope of this Review: Aldol Additions Giving α,β-Dihydroxyaldehydes and α,β-Dihydroxyketones Dias

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5

Farid, Ghulam, and Zeeshan Afzal. "Further on quantum-plank derivatives and integrals in composite forms." Open Journal of Mathematical Analysis 6, no. 2 (2022): 130–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.30538/psrp-oma2022.0118.

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In quantum-plank calculus, q-derivatives and h-derivatives are fundamental factors. Recently, a composite form of both derivatives is introduced and called q−h-derivative. This paper aims to present a further generalized notion of derivatives will be called (q ,p−h)-derivatives. This will produce q-derivative, h-derivative, q−h-derivative and (p,q)-derivative. Theory based on all aforementioned derivatives can be generalized via this new notion. It is expected, this paper will be useful and beneficial for researchers working in diverse fields of sciences and engineering.

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K. Abdullah, Ebtihal. "Synthesis of New (1-alkylamino-4-phenyldithio-2-bntanol amine) andderivatives." Tikrit Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 6, no. 1 (2023): 78–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjphs.2010.6.1.12.78.82.

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Anew series of(1-alkylamino-4-phenyldithio-2-bntanol amine) and derivatives,containing two functional groups (pheny ring and NCS2) here been prepared from a reaction by 3steps :- 1-In the first step the preparation of n-phenyl dithio carbamate (A) and derivatives from a reaction between Aniline and carbon disulfide in basic medium. 2-Then , preparation N-3-chloro-2-hydroxy propyl amine tt 3 )) and derivativel from reaction between N-3-chloro-2-hydroxy propylamine and epichloro hydrine in methanolic a queous.3-In three step :-preparation 1-Alkyi amino -4-phenyl dithio-2-butanol amine ( I-IV) fr

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7

Deppman, Airton, Eugenio Megías, and Roman Pasechnik. "Fractal Derivatives, Fractional Derivatives and q-Deformed Calculus." Entropy 25, no. 7 (2023): 1008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e25071008.

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This work presents an analysis of fractional derivatives and fractal derivatives, discussing their differences and similarities. The fractal derivative is closely connected to Haussdorff’s concepts of fractional dimension geometry. The paper distinguishes between the derivative of a function on a fractal domain and the derivative of a fractal function, where the image is a fractal space. Different continuous approximations for the fractal derivative are discussed, and it is shown that the q-calculus derivative is a continuous approximation of the fractal derivative of a fractal function. A sim

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8

Lazopoulos, Anastasios K., and Dimitrios Karaoulanis. "Fractional Derivatives and Projectile Motion." Axioms 10, no. 4 (2021): 297. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/axioms10040297.

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Projectile motion is studied using fractional calculus. Specifically, a newly defined fractional derivative (the Leibniz L-derivative) and its successor (Λ-fractional derivative) are used to describe the motion of the projectile. Experimental data were analyzed in this study, and conclusions were made. The results of well-established fractional derivatives were also compared with those of L-derivative and Λ-fractional derivative, showing the many advantages of these new derivatives.

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9

Gaudinskaitė, Danguolė. "Derivative Synonyms (Derivative Variants) of the Names of Persons Possessing Nominal Characteristics." Acta humanitarica academiae Saulensis 27 (April 3, 2025): 126–47. https://doi.org/10.15388/ahas.2020.9.

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In the Lithuanian language, the persons can be named by synonymous words (simple words and derivatives). A variety is revealed by lexical, derivative, syntactical synonyms as well as other language means. Derivative synonyms, which are one of the type of synonyms, are such derivatives of the Lithuanian language that have the same root, the same derivative meaning, but which are formed with different derivative means. Derivative variants should be distinguished from derivative synonyms: they are the derivatives formed from the same underlying word (or from the same underlying words) with the sa

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10

Hasanah, Dahliatul. "On continuity properties of the improved conformable fractional derivatives." Jurnal Fourier 11, no. 2 (2022): 88–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/fourier.2022.112.88-96.

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The conformable fractional derivative has been introduced to extend the familiar limit definition of the classical derivative. Despite having many advantages compared to other fractional derivatives such as satisfying nice properties as classical derivative and easy to solve numerically, it also has disadvantages as it gives large error compared to Riemann-Liouville and Caputo fractional derivatives. Modified types of conformable derivatives have been proposed to overcome the shortcoming. The improved conformal fractional derivatives are declared to be better approximations of Riemann-Liouvill

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11

Manjushree, S. "A Derivative is a Risk Hedging Tool from Investor Perspective." Shanlax International Journal of Commerce 8, no. 3 (2020): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/commerce.v8i3.3131.

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Derivatives products provide certain important economic benefits such as risk management or redistribution of risk away from risk-averse investors towards those more willing and able to bear the risk. Derivatives also help price discovery, i.e., the process of determining the price level for any asset based on supply and demand. These functions of derivatives help inefficient capital allocation in the economy; at the same time, their misuse also poses a threat to the stability of the financial sector and the overall economy. In the mid-1990s, India started reviving the exchangetraded commodity

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12

Diethelm, Kai, Roberto Garrappa, Andrea Giusti, and Martin Stynes. "Why fractional derivatives with nonsingular kernels should not be used." Fractional Calculus and Applied Analysis 23, no. 3 (2020): 610–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/fca-2020-0032.

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AbstractIn recent years, many papers discuss the theory and applications of new fractional-order derivatives that are constructed by replacing the singular kernel of the Caputo or Riemann-Liouville derivative by a non-singular (i.e., bounded) kernel. It will be shown here, through rigorous mathematical reasoning, that these non-singular kernel derivatives suffer from several drawbacks which should forbid their use. They fail to satisfy the fundamental theorem of fractional calculus since they do not admit the existence of a corresponding convolution integral of which the derivative is the left

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13

Mukherjee, Anurag, and Suhrit Ghosh. "Core-Substituted Naphthalene-Diimides (cNDI) and Related Derivatives: Versatile Scaffold for Supramolecular Assembly and Functional Materials." Organic Materials 03, no. 03 (2021): 281–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1530-0476.

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Naphthalene-diimide (NDI)-derived building blocks have been explored extensively for supramolecular assembly as they exhibit attractive photophysical properties, suitable for applications in organic optoelectronics. Core-substituted derivatives of the NDI chromophore (cNDI) differ significantly from the parent NDI dye in terms of optical and redox properties. Adequate molecular engineering opportunities and substitution-dependent tunable optoelectronic properties make cNDI derivatives highly promising candidates for supramolecular assembly and functional materials. This short review discusses

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14

Rehman, Hameed Ur, Maslina Darus, and Jamal Salah. "A Note on Caputo’s Derivative Operator Interpretation in Economy." Journal of Applied Mathematics 2018 (October 1, 2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1260240.

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We propound the economic idea in terms of fractional derivatives, which involves the modified Caputo’s fractional derivative operator. The suggested economic interpretation is based on a generalization of average count and marginal value of economic indicators. We use the concepts ofT-indicatorswhich analyses the economic performance with the presence of memory. The reaction of economic agents due to recurrence identical alteration is minimized by using the modified Caputo’s derivative operator of orderλinstead of integer order derivativen. The two sides of Caputo’s derivative are expressed by

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15

Ortigueira, Manuel D. "A Factory of Fractional Derivatives." Symmetry 16, no. 7 (2024): 814. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym16070814.

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This paper aims to demonstrate that, beyond the small world of Riemann–Liouville and Caputo derivatives, there is a vast and rich world with many derivatives suitable for specific problems and various theoretical frameworks to develop, corresponding to different paths taken. The notions of time and scale sequences are introduced, and general associated basic derivatives, namely, right/stretching and left/shrinking, are defined. A general framework for fractional derivative definitions is reviewed and applied to obtain both known and new fractional-order derivatives. Several fractional derivati

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16

Norfield, Tony. "Derivatives, Money, Finance and Imperialism: A Response to Bryan and Rafferty." Historical Materialism 21, no. 2 (2013): 149–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1569206x-12341296.

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Abstract This paper contributes to the debate on the role of financial derivatives for capitalism. It responds to Bryan and Rafferty’s defence of their analysis and their critique of my own. The paper argues that their analysis confuses what a financial derivative does, and mixes together different kinds of derivative – and non-derivative – that play very different roles. After detailing these points, the paper discusses the relationship between gold, money and derivatives, rejecting their notion that derivatives are some kind of new ‘commodity money’. An important theme absent from Bryan and

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17

Valério, Duarte, Manuel D. Ortigueira, and António M. Lopes. "How Many Fractional Derivatives Are There?" Mathematics 10, no. 5 (2022): 737. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10050737.

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In this paper, we introduce a unified fractional derivative, defined by two parameters (order and asymmetry). From this, all the interesting derivatives can be obtained. We study the one-sided derivatives and show that most known derivatives are particular cases. We consider also some myths of Fractional Calculus and false fractional derivatives. The results are expected to contribute to limit the appearance of derivatives that differ from existing ones just because they are defined on distinct domains, and to prevent the ambiguous use of the concept of fractional derivative.

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18

Jiang, Yuqing. "Exploring the Performance of Financial Derivatives in the Context of a Global Public Health Crisis and Their Tole in Risk Management." Advances in Economics, Management and Political Sciences 131, no. 1 (2024): 59–67. https://doi.org/10.54254/2754-1169/2024.18415.

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The worldwide implications of the COVID-19 pandemic had a lot of impact on the markets, identifying the weaknesses of financial instruments, especially the derivatives such as credit default swaps (CDS), futures, and options. These derivative risk management tools have been subjected to extreme volatility, forcing specialists to look into their effectiveness under extremely hazardous conditions. This article highlights the participation of derivatives in the market downturn period amid the pandemic, targeting the VIX index and the Global Interest Rate. Employing both quantitative and qualitati

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19

Kobilarev, Mina, and Branko Živanović. "The Offer of Financial Derivatives in the Banking Sector of the Republic of Serbia." Economic Analysis 52, no. 2 (2019): 43–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.28934/ea.19.52.2.pp43-63.

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The paper examines the results of the research conducted in the Serbian banking sector considered the only counterparty to companies in the derivative OTC market given that Serbia’s financial system is bank-based. The primary objective is to assess the total level of derivative instruments demand in Serbia and types of derivatives offered by banks. Besides, we also aim to determine the reasons that limit the most the development of the domestic derivatives market and that impact bank activities aimed at attracting derivative business and its development phases. In addition, we explored the exp

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20

Bruckner, A. M., M. Laczkovich, G. Petruska, and B. S. Thomson. "Porosity and Approximate Derivatives." Canadian Journal of Mathematics 38, no. 5 (1986): 1149–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4153/cjm-1986-058-7.

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In recent years, a considerable amount of research has been devoted to questions involving set porosity, particularly as it relates to differentiation theory. We may express the type of question in which we are interested by using the language of path derivatives and sequential derivatives. A path derivative of a function/is defined by writingwhere at each point x a set Ex is given. A special case of the path derivative is the sequential derivative, defined by writingwhere hn is a fixed sequence of nonzero numbers converging to zero.

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21

Ortigueira, Manuel Duarte, and Gabriel Bengochea. "Bilateral Tempered Fractional Derivatives." Symmetry 13, no. 5 (2021): 823. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13050823.

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The bilateral tempered fractional derivatives are introduced generalising previous works on the one-sided tempered fractional derivatives and the two-sided fractional derivatives. An analysis of the tempered Riesz potential is done and shows that it cannot be considered as a derivative.

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22

Hattaf, Khalid. "A New Mixed Fractional Derivative with Applications in Computational Biology." Computation 12, no. 1 (2024): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/computation12010007.

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This study develops a new definition of a fractional derivative that mixes the definitions of fractional derivatives with singular and non-singular kernels. This developed definition encompasses many types of fractional derivatives, such as the Riemann–Liouville and Caputo fractional derivatives for singular kernel types, as well as the Caputo–Fabrizio, the Atangana–Baleanu, and the generalized Hattaf fractional derivatives for non-singular kernel types. The associate fractional integral of the new mixed fractional derivative is rigorously introduced. Furthermore, a novel numerical scheme is d

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23

Mistry, Rakesh N., and K. R. Desai. "Studies on Synthesis of Some Novel Heterocyclic Chalcone, Pyrazoline, Pyrimidine - 2 - One, Pyrimidine - 2 - Thione,para-Acetanilide Sulphonyl and Benzoyl Derivatives and their Antimicrobial Activity." E-Journal of Chemistry 2, no. 1 (2005): 30–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2005/953107.

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1, 2 - Dichloro benzene on chlorosulphonation by chlorosulphonic acid gives 1, 2 - [dichloro] - benzene sulphonyl chloride which on condensation withp–amino acetophenone gives 1-[acetyl] - 1’ , 2’ - [dichloro] - dibenz sulphonamide derivative. This derivative undergo condensation with 2,4- dichloro benzaldehyde gives 1- [3” - (sub. phenyl) - 2” - propene - 1” - one] - 1’ , 2’ - [dichloro] - dibenz sulphonamide derivative which on reaction with 99% hydrazine hydrate and glacial acetic acid gives 1-[acetyl]-3- [1’ , 2’ - (dichloro) - dibenz sulphonamide] -5 - [2” , 4” - dichloro phenyl] - 2 - py

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24

Khurshaid*, Adil, and Hajra Khurshaid. "Comparative Analysis and Definitions of Fractional Derivatives." Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 4, no. 12 (2023): 1684–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.37871/jbres1852.

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Fractional Calculus (FC) has emerged as a valuable tool in various fields. This study explores the historical development of (FC) and examines prominent definitions regarding Fractional Derivatives (FD), such as the Riemann-Liouville, Grunwald-Letnikov, Caputo Fractional Derivative, Katugampula derivatives, Caputo Fractional Derivative, Caputo-Fabrizio Fractional Derivative and as well as Atangana-Baleanu Fractional Derivative. It critically evaluates their strengths, weaknesses and implications on (FD) equations. The findings contribute to establishing a clearer understanding of Fractional De

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25

Ahmed, Anwer S., Emre Kilic, and Gerald J. Lobo. "Does Recognition versus Disclosure Matter? Evidence from Value-Relevance of Banks' Recognized and Disclosed Derivative Financial Instruments." Accounting Review 81, no. 3 (2006): 567–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/accr.2006.81.3.567.

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We provide evidence on how investor valuation of derivative financial instruments differs depending upon whether the fair value of these instruments is recognized or disclosed. Expanded disclosures and accounting practices prior to SFAS No. 133 and mandatory recognition of derivative fair values after SFAS No. 133 provide a natural setting for comparing the valuation implications of recognized and disclosed derivative fair value information. This unique setting mitigates many of the research design problems with recognition versus disclosure studies. Using a sample of banks that simultaneously

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26

Mistry, Rakesh N., and K. R. Desai. "Studies on Synthesis of Some Novel Heterocyclic Azlactone Derivatives and Imidazolinone Derivatives and their Antimicrobial Activity." E-Journal of Chemistry 2, no. 1 (2005): 42–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2005/542938.

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p- Methyl benzoic acid on reaction with phosphorus pentachloride gives p - methyl benzoyl chloride derivative which on condensation with glycine gives p - methyl benzoyl glycine derivative. Now, this p - methyl benzoyl glycine derivative on condensation with various substituted aldehydes gives corresponding substituted 4 - [aryl methylidine] - 2 - [p - methyl phenyl] - oxazole - 5 - one derivatives [1(a-j)]. Further, these derivatives [1(a-j)] on condensation with 4 , 4’ - diamino diphenyl sulphone gives corresponding substituted imidazolinone - dibenzsulphone derivatives [2(a-j)], on condensa

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27

Drašar, Pavel, and Jiří Beránek. "2',3'-O-Carbonyl derivatives of 6-azauridine in the synthesis of its 5-substituted and 5'-deoxy derivatives." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 52, no. 8 (1987): 2070–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19872070.

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Preparation of 2',3'-O-carbonyl derivatives of 5'-deoxy-6-azauridine and 6-azauridine using 1,1'-carbonyldiimidazole has been elaborated. 5'-Chloro and 5'-bromo derivatives were prepared by treatment of the 5'-O-mesyl derivative with quaternary ammonium halides, 5'-chloro derivatives also by direct halogenation with thionyl chloride in hexamethylphosphortriamide or with tetrachloromethane, triphenyl phosphine, and dimethylformamide. Derivatives of 5'-bromo-6-azauridine were reduced with tributyltin hydride to 5'-deoxy-6-azauridine compounds. 6-Azauridine 2',3'-carbonate (IVa) and its 5'-deriva

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28

Shi, Da, Ghulam Farid, Bakri Adam Ibrahim Younis, Hanaa Abu-Zinadah, and Matloob Anwar. "A Unified Representation of q- and h-Integrals and Consequences in Inequalities." Axioms 13, no. 4 (2024): 278. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/axioms13040278.

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This paper aims to unify q-derivative/q-integrals and h-derivative/h-integrals into a single definition, called q−h-derivative/q−h-integral. These notions are further extended on the finite interval [a,b] in the form of left and right q−h-derivatives and q−h-integrals. Some inequalities for q−h-integrals are studied and directly connected with well known results in diverse fields of science and engineering. The theory based on q-derivatives/q-integrals and h-derivatives/h-integrals can be unified using the q−h-derivative/q−h-integral concept.

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29

Farayola, Musiliu Folarin, Sharidan Shafie, Fuaada Mohd Siam, Rozi Mahmud, and Suraju Olusegun Ajadi. "Mathematical modeling of cancer treatments with fractional derivatives: An Overview." Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences 17, no. 4 (2021): 389–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v17n4.2062.

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This review article presents fractional derivative cancer treatment models to show the importance of fractional derivatives in modeling cancer treatments. Cancer treatment is a significant research area with many mathematical models developed by mathematicians to represent the cancer treatment processes like hyperthermia, immunotherapy, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. However, many of these models were based on ordinary derivatives and the use of fractional derivatives is still new to many mathematicians. Therefore, it is imperative to review fractional cancer treatment models. The review was

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Li, Changpin, Deliang Qian, and YangQuan Chen. "On Riemann-Liouville and Caputo Derivatives." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2011 (2011): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/562494.

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Recently, many models are formulated in terms of fractional derivatives, such as in control processing, viscoelasticity, signal processing, and anomalous diffusion. In the present paper, we further study the important properties of the Riemann-Liouville (RL) derivative, one of mostly used fractional derivatives. Some important properties of the Caputo derivative which have not been discussed elsewhere are simultaneously mentioned. The partial fractional derivatives are also introduced. These discussions are beneficial in understanding fractional calculus and modeling fractional equations in sc

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31

Hashemi, Mir, Mustafa Inc, and Dumitru Baleanu. "On fractional KdV-burgers and potential KdV equations: Existence and uniqueness results." Thermal Science 23, Suppl. 6 (2019): 2107–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci190101400h.

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Recently a new kind of derivatives, namely the conformable derivative is introduced which have not many drawbacks of other fractional derivatives. Two types of KdV equations with conformable derivative are investigated in this paper. Ex-istence and uniqueness of two different equations of KdV class with conformable derivatives are investigated. It is also shown that the invariant subspace method can be extended to find the exact solutions of these equations.

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32

Pandey, Shikha, Dragan Obradovic, Lakshmi Narayan Mishra, and Vishnu Narayan Mishra. "Second Order Partial Derivatives." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MATHEMATICS 20 (September 8, 2021): 419–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jam.v20i.9097.

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The rules for calculating partial derivatives and differentials are the same as for calculating the derivative of a function of one variable, except that when finding partial derivatives per one variable, the other variables are considered as constants

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33

Babenko, V. F., and M. S. Churilova. "On inequalities of Kolmogorov type for fractional derivatives of functions defined on the real domain." Researches in Mathematics 16 (February 7, 2021): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/240804.

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We obtain new inequalities that generalize known result of Geisberg, which was obtained for fractional Marchaud derivatives, to the case of higher derivatives, at that the fractional derivative is a Riesz one. The inequality with second higher derivative is sharp.

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34

Arsianti, Ade, Chie Aoki Utsubo, Fadilah Fadilah, et al. "SYNTHESIS AND ANTI-HEPATITIS C VIRUS ACTIVITY OF GALLIC ACID DERIVATIVES WITH CHIRAL CENTER." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 10, no. 7 (2017): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i7.18162.

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Objective: In this work, we aim to synthesize gallic acid derivatives with chiral center and to evaluate its anti-hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) activity.Methods: Synthesis of the target derivatives was started from esterification of commercially available boc deprotection (Boc)-L-threonine with allyl bromide, followed by Boc with HCl/EtOAc, amidation, and Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation with (DHQ)2PHAL or (DHQD)2PHAL as a ligand to give desired gallic acid derivatives. The synthesized gallic acid derivatives were then evaluated for anti-HCV activity and cytotoxicity.Results: The target der

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35

Prodanov, Dimiter. "Generalized Differentiability of Continuous Functions." Fractal and Fractional 4, no. 4 (2020): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract4040056.

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Many physical phenomena give rise to mathematical models in terms of fractal, non-differentiable functions. The paper introduces a broad generalization of the derivative in terms of the maximal modulus of continuity of the primitive function. These derivatives are called indicial derivatives. As an application, the indicial derivatives are used to characterize the nowhere monotonous functions. Furthermore, the non-differentiability set of such derivatives is proven to be of measure zero. As a second application, the indicial derivative is used in the proof of the Lebesgue differentiation theor

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El-Essawy, Farag A., Wael A. El-Sayed, Sherif A. El-Kafrawy, Asmaa S. Morshedy, and Adel-H. Abdel-Rahman. "Anti-Hepatitis B Virus Activity of New 1,2,4-Triazol-2-yl- and 1,3,4-Oxadiazol-2-yl-2-pyridinone Derivatives." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 63, no. 9-10 (2008): 667–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2008-9-1010.

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A number of 1,3,4-oxadiazole, 3 - 9, and 1,2,4-triazole derivatives, 13 - 15, were synthesized starting form the acid hydrazide 1. The 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivative 12 was prepared from the substituted phenylthiosemicarbazide derivative 11 by treatment with sulfuric acid. The aryl hydrazone derivatives 10a - c were synthesized by reaction of the hydrazide 1 with the corresponding ketones. The thioalkyl derivatives 16a - e were prepared by akylation of the thiol derivatives 3 and 13 with different alkylating agents. The newly synthesized compounds were tested for their anti-HBV activity and some

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Al-Harbi, Reem A. K. "Synthesis of New Coumarin Scaffold Bearing 2-Iminochromene Moiety." Acta Chimica Slovenica 70, no. 3 (2023): 380–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17344/acsi.2023.8016.

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Coumarin is classified as one of interesting therapeutic starting research points to obtain remarkable compounds with high efficacy. So, during this research, new 2-iminochromene derivatives bearing coumarin moiety were synthesized. At first, cyanoacetohydrazone of 3-acetylcoumarin was prepared and used as the starting material. The 2-iminochromene derivatives were synthesized through the ring closure of cyanoacetohydrazone derivative with 4-hydroxysalicylaldehyde, 5-aryldiazosalicylaldehydes, 2-hydroxynaphthaldehyde and 7-hydroxychromone-6-carboxaldehyde derivative. All of the newly synthesiz

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El-hashash, Maher A., Amira T. Ali, Rasha A. Hussein, and Wael M. El-Sayed. "Synthesis and Reactivity of 6,8-Dibromo-2-ethyl-4H-benzo[d][1,3]oxazin-4-one Towards Nucleophiles and Electrophiles and Their Anticancer Activity." Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry 19, no. 4 (2019): 538–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871520619666190201145221.

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Background: The genetic heterogeneity of tumor cells and the development of therapy-resistant cancer cells in addition to the high cost necessitate the continuous development of novel targeted therapies. Methods: In this regard, 14 novel benzoxazinone derivatives were synthesized and examined for anticancer activity against two human epithelial cancer cell lines; breast MCF-7 and liver HepG2 cells. 6,8-Dibromo-2- ethyl-4H-benzo[d][1,3]oxazin-4-one was subjected to react with nitrogen nucleophiles to afford quinazolinone derivatives and other related moieties (3-12). Benzoxazinone 2 responds to

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Zuhri, Zainullah. "Connecting Theorems and Definitions: Students' Exploration of Function Derivatives." Discovery : Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan 10, no. 1 (2025): 13–19. https://doi.org/10.33752/discovery.v10i1.8615.

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This study aims to analyze students' understanding of derivatives of functions through independent exploration, where students were asked to create examples of functions, calculate their derivatives using differentiation theorems, and prove the results using the definition of derivatives. The subjects of the study were 35 first-semester students from the mathematics education program. Data was collected through exploratory tasks, interviews, and observations. The results showed that all students were able to determine the derivatives of the functions they created, although proving the derivati

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Garrappa, Roberto, Eva Kaslik, and Marina Popolizio. "Evaluation of Fractional Integrals and Derivatives of Elementary Functions: Overview and Tutorial." Mathematics 7, no. 5 (2019): 407. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math7050407.

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Several fractional-order operators are available and an in-depth knowledge of the selected operator is necessary for the evaluation of fractional integrals and derivatives of even simple functions. In this paper, we reviewed some of the most commonly used operators and illustrated two approaches to generalize integer-order derivatives to fractional order; the aim was to provide a tool for a full understanding of the specific features of each fractional derivative and to better highlight their differences. We hence provided a guide to the evaluation of fractional integrals and derivatives of so

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Gao, Kun, Yukun Qin, Song Liu, et al. "Synthesis, Characterization, and Anti-Phytopathogen Evaluation of 6-Oxychitosan Derivatives Containing N-Quaternized Moieties in Its Backbone." International Journal of Polymer Science 2018 (August 1, 2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3970142.

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The structure modification of chitosan has great application potential. 6-Oxychitosan was prepared by specially oxidizing the C6-OH of chitosan, then 6-oxychitosan was reacted with three kinds of aldehydes to prepare N-quaternized 6-oxychitosan derivatives in this paper. The derivatives were characterized by FT-IR, NMR, and elemental analysis. The antimicrobial activity of these derivatives was tested against two common plant-threatening fungi and three plant disease bacteria. The results showed that N-quaternized 6-oxychitosan derivatives had good water-solubility and excellent antimicrobial

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Easton, CJ, and SC Peters. "Synthesis of Novel Cross-Linked Amino Acid Derivatives." Australian Journal of Chemistry 43, no. 1 (1990): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch9900087.

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Reactions of the derivatives of cysteine (6), serine (7) and lysine (8a), with the bromide (1), afforded the corresponding cross-linked amino acid derivatives (11), (12) and (13). Of the linked species (11)-(13), the cysteine derivative (11) was found to be the most stable under a variety of conditions. A mixture of the cross-linked serine derivative (12) and the cysteine derivative (6) in chloroform containing triethylamine reacted to give the cross-linked cysteine derivative (11) and the serine derivative (7). Similarly, a mixture of (13) and (6) in chloroform reacted to give (11).

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Moloi, Tankiso. "The nature of the derivative market transactions traded in the Johannesburg securities exchange." Risk Governance and Control: Financial Markets and Institutions 4, no. 3 (2014): 90–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/rgcv4i3c1art3.

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The main objective of the study was to assess and understand the nature of derivative products traded in the Johannesburg Securities Exchange (JSE) by analysing daily transactions consisting of deals and contracts concluded, as well as notional values of derivatives traded in the review period. Analysed data found that the South African derivative market continues to grow and evolve with the consistent introduction of new derivative products such as the “can do” derivatives, IDX derivatives that are now being traded at the JSE. The evolvement and growth is confirmed by the fact that the total

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Emmons, Brad, and Xiao Xiao. "A generalization of arithmetic derivative to p-adic fields and number fields." Notes on Number Theory and Discrete Mathematics 30, no. 2 (2024): 357–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/nntdm.2024.30.2.357-382.

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The arithmetic derivative is a function from the natural numbers to itself that sends all prime numbers to 1 and satisfies the Leibniz rule. The arithmetic partial derivative with respect to a prime p is the p-th component of the arithmetic derivative. In this paper, we generalize the arithmetic partial derivative to p-adic fields (the local case) and the arithmetic derivative to number fields (the global case). We study the dynamical system of the p-adic valuation of the iterations of the arithmetic partial derivatives. We also prove that for every integer n \geq 0, there are infinitely many

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Journal, Baghdad Science. "Synthesis and Characterization of New Heterocyclic Compounds from 2, 5- dimercapto -1, 3, 4-Thiadiazole and Their Resins." Baghdad Science Journal 13, no. 2 (2016): 275–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.13.2.275-288.

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In this research, a new 1, 3, 4-Thiadiazole derivatives have been synthesized by many heterocyclic reactions. Starting from (2, 5 – dimercapto -1, 3, 4-Thiadiazole) a variety of derivatives have been synthesis. Compound (1) was synthesized by the reaction of hydrazine hydrate with carbon disulphide in absolute ethanol. The compound (1) was reacted with 1, 2-dibromoethane in presence of alkali ethanol to give the compound (2). The compound (3) was formed from the reaction of compound (2) with hydrazine hydrate. Schiff base (4) was obtained by reacting of compound (3) with the compound (p-hydrox

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Renuka*, Dr N. "Investors Perception towards Investments in Derivatives." International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering 8, no. 12 (2019): 5421–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.l379181219.

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The most significant aspect of derivatives is risk management not about the elimination of risk. For Conducting ordinary mode of business operations financial derivatives affords a powerful tool for limiting risks to the investors. There are various derivative instruments like index futures. Stock futures, index option, stock options, interest rate futures, currency option, currently traded in these exchanges. The derivative investors ought to perceive the market trend, market reforms, government policies, market regulations; factors influencing derivatives investment [Motivating Factors], ret

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Attou, Samira, Ludovic Mignot, and Djelloul Ziadi. "Bottom-Up derivatives of tree expressions." RAIRO - Theoretical Informatics and Applications 55 (2021): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ita/2021008.

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In this paper, we extend the notion of (word) derivatives and partial derivatives due to (respectively) Brzozowski and Antimirov to tree derivatives using already known inductive formulae of quotients. We define a new family of extended regular tree expressions (using negation or intersection operators), and we show how to compute a Brzozowski-like inductive tree automaton; the fixed point of this construction, when it exists, is the derivative tree automaton. Such a deterministic tree automaton can be used to solve the membership test efficiently: the whole structure is not necessarily comput

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Smith, Mark R. "Basic Derivatives for the Oil and Gas Company." Alberta Law Review 39, no. 1 (2001): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/alr511.

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This article provides a general overview of some of the basic derivatives available to oil and gas companies. The author begins by defining what a derivative is and briefly summarizing four basic kinds derive, of derivatives. The author offers other examples of derivative products and illustrates how oil and gas companies can design and utilize these products to meet their individual needs. The article includes a discussion of the 1SDA master agreement, which is used for most over-the-counter derivative contracts. As well, the article outlines some of the key regulatory provisions governing an

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Easton, CJ, та SC Peters. "Reactions of α-Substituted Glycine Derivatives With Stannanes in the Presence of Disulfides". Australian Journal of Chemistry 47, № 5 (1994): 859. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch9940859.

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Reactions of α- bromo -, α- benzoyloxy - and α- methoxy -substituted glycine derivatives with stannanes afforded the corresponding α- centred glycinyl radical, which reacted with di -t-butyl disulfide and diphenyl disulfide by homolytic substitution to give the corresponding α-t- butylthio- and α-phenylthio -substituted glycine derivatives, respectively. The glycinyl radical reacted with dibenzyl disulfide by displacement of benzyl radical to give a mixed disulfide, which was subsequently reduced to the corresponding α- benzylthio-substituted glycine derivative. In related reactions of a cysti

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Ojha, Bhuwan Prasad. "Different Concepts of Derivatives." Journal of Advanced College of Engineering and Management 3 (January 10, 2018): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jacem.v3i0.18809.

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<p>In this paper, different concept of derivatives with some properties has been introduced. In differential calculus, the partial derivative, directional derivative and total derivative are studied. Their generalization for Banach spaces are the Gateaux differential and Freshet derivative.</p><p><strong>Journal of Advanced College of Engineering and Management,</strong> Vol.3, 2017, Page: 11-14</p>

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