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1
Wäster, Larsson Petra. "UVA/B induced redox alterations and apoptosis in human melanocytes." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Dermatologi och venerologi, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-8880.
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Malignant melanoma is one of the most rapidly increasing cancers and accounts for about three-quarter of all skin cancer deaths worldwide. Despite compelling evidence that ultraviolet (UV) irradiation causes melanoma the knowledge how various wavelength spectra affect the balance between proliferation and apoptosis controlling the homeostasis of the melanocyte population is still limited. The aim of this thesis was to elucidate the regulation of UVA/B induced apoptotic signaling in human epidermal melanocytes in vitro in relation to redox alterations and antioxidant photoprotection. UVA irradiation induced changes in plasma membrane stability, decreased cell proliferation and increased apoptosis. In comparison, melanocyte plasma membrane was markedly resistant to UVB irradiation although apoptosis was triggered. Thus, UVA irradiation should not be overlooked as an etiologic factor in melanoma development. Further, after irradiation with UVA/B we found alterations in redox state manifested by a reduction of intracellular GSH levels, translocation of nuclear factor-κB from the cytosol to the nucleus, an increase of γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase, the rate-limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis, and an increased apoptosis frequency. α-Tocopherol provided photoprotection through several modes of action affecting redox alterations and signaling, stabilizing the plasma membrane, and decreased proliferation and apoptosis rate, while β-carotene did not show the same protective capacity. Altogether, α-tocopherol might be a useful substance in protecting melanocytes from UV induced damage. We demonstrate UVA/B irradiation to activate the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis in melanocytes where translocation of Bcl-2 family proteins to the mitochondria modulates the apoptosis signal. Interestingly, the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins generally thought to be attached to membranes, were localized in the cytosol before UV irradiation and translocated to the mitochondria in the surviving population, which might be a critical event in preventing apoptotic cell death. Lysosomal cathepsins were released to the cytosol acting as pro-apoptotic mediators upstream of activation and translocation of Bax to the mitochondria. When melanocytes were exposed to UVA, p53 participated in apoptosis regulation through interaction with Bcl-2 family proteins, while UVB induced p53-transcriptional activity and apoptosis involving lysosomal membrane permeabilization. Thus, depending on the UV wavelength p53 mediated apoptosis in melanocytes by transcriptional dependent or independent activity. These results emphasize p53 as an important pro-apoptotic component in the regulation of apoptosis. This thesis gives new insight in the harmful and various effects of different wavelengths within the UV spectrum on human melanocytes in vitro. Improved knowledge of the apoptosis regulatory systems in melanocytes might lead to a better understanding of the formation of pigment nevi and malignant melanoma and, in the future, provide better strategies to prevent and eliminate tumor development and progression.
2
Nie, Yali. "Automatic Melanoma Diagnosis in Dermoscopic Imaging Base on Deep Learning System." Licentiate thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för elektronikkonstruktion, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-41751.
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Melanoma is one of the deadliest forms of cancer. Unfortunately, its incidence rates have been increasing all over the world. One of the techniques used by dermatologists to diagnose melanomas is an imaging modality called dermoscopy. The skin lesion is inspected using a magnification device and a light source. This technique makes it possible for the dermatologist to observe subcutaneous structures that would be invisible otherwise. However, the use of dermoscopy is not straightforward, requiring years of practice. Moreover, the diagnosis is many times subjective and challenging to reproduce. Therefore, it is necessary to develop automatic methods that will help dermatologists provide more reliable diagnoses. Since this cancer is visible on the skin, it is potentially detectable at a very early stage when it is curable. Recent developments have converged to make fully automatic early melanoma detection a real possibility. First, the advent of dermoscopy has enabled a dramatic boost in the clinical diagnostic ability to the point that it can detect melanoma in the clinic at the earliest stages. This technology’s global adoption has allowed the accumulation of extensive collections of dermoscopy images. The development of advanced technologies in image processing and machine learning has given us the ability to distinguish malignant melanoma from the many benign mimics that require no biopsy. These new technologies should allow earlier detection of melanoma and reduce a large number of unnecessary and costly biopsy procedures. Although some of the new systems reported for these technologies have shown promise in preliminary trials, a widespread implementation must await further technical progress in accuracy and reproducibility. This thesis provides an overview of our deep learning (DL) based methods used in the diagnosis of melanoma in dermoscopy images. First, we introduce the background. Then, this paper gives a brief overview of the state-of-art article on melanoma interpret. After that, a review is provided on the deep learning models for melanoma image analysis and the main popular techniques to improve the diagnose performance. We also made a summary of our research results. Finally, we discuss the challenges and opportunities for automating melanocytic skin lesions’ diagnostic procedures. We end with an overview of a conclusion and directions for the following research plan.
3
Bivik, Cecilia. "Regulation of UV induced apoptosis in human melanocytes." Doctoral thesis, Linköping : Univ, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-8749.
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Ussher, Greg. "'The medical gaze and the watchful eye' : the treatment, prevention and epidemiology of venereal diseases in New South Wales c.1901 - 1925." University of Sydney, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/3565.
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Doctor of Philosophy(PhD)From Federation in 1901 through the first three decades of the twentieth century there was a perceptible shift in modes of rule in New South Wales (NSW) related to the management of venereal diseases. At the beginning of the twentieth century a medicopenal approach was central. By 1925, persuasion and ‘responsibilisation’ were becoming important modes, and young people rather than ‘case-hardened prostitutes' were assessed as being a ‘venereal’ risk. Framing this period were three important legislative developments which informed, and were informed by, these shifts: the NSW Prisoners Detention Act 1909, the NSW Select Committee into the Prevalence of Venereal Diseases 1915 and the NSW Venereal Diseases Act 1918. At its core this thesis is concerned with examining shifting modes of rule. This thesis closely examines each. I suggest that these modes of rule can be viewed through the lens of biopolitics, and following Foucault, deploy the ‘medical gaze’ and the ‘watchful eye’ as constructs to examine the relationship between the government of self, government of others and government of the state. I use the medical gaze to describe not only the individual venereal patient attending a hospital and the body of the patient diagnosed with syphilis and/or gonorrhoea, but most importantly to describe the power relationship between the medical practitioner, the teaching hospital and the patient. I use the watchful eye in a more overarching way to suggest the suite of techniques and apparatus deployed by government to monitor and regulate the venereal body politic, both the populations perceived to be posing a venereal risk, and populations at risk of venereal infection. In relation to the venereal body and the venereal body politic, I analyse three fundamental aspects of the management of venereal diseases: treatment, prevention and epidemiology. Treatment: Over this period, treatment moved from lock institutions to outpatient clinics. Embodied in this change was a widespread institutional ambivalence towards treating venereal patients. I contend that treatment of venereal diseases was painful, prolonged and punitive precisely because of the moral sickness perceived to be at the iv heart of venereal infection. I track this ambivalence to a systemic fear of institutional ‘venerealisation’, which decreased perceptibly across the period. Closely analysing surviving patient records, I argue that in their conduct, venereal patients were often compliant, conscientious and responsible. Prevention: I argue that preventative approaches to venereal diseases became increasingly complex, and operated in three domains – preventative medicine (diagnosis, treatment and vaccination); public health prevention (notification, isolation and disinfection); and prevention education (social purity campaigns and sex hygiene). An emerging plethora of community-based organisations and campaigns began to shift the sites and practices of power. Epidemiology: I suggest that there was a shift from danger to risk in the conceptualisation of venereal diseases. This shift necessitated a focus on factors affecting populations, as opposed to factors affecting individuals. This in turn led to the deployment of various techniques to monitor the conduct of venereal populations. The NSW Venereal Diseases Act 1918 created two important new venereal categories: the ‘notified person’ and the ‘defaulter,’ both of which came to permeate renditions of venereal patients throughout the 20th century.
5
Lemar, Susan. "Control, compulsion and controversy: venereal diseases in Adelaide and Edinburgh 1910-1947." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phl548.pdf.
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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 280-305). Argues that despite the liberal use of social control theory in the literature on the social history of venereal diseases, rationale discourses do not necessarily lead to government intervention. Comparative analysis reveals that culturally similar locations can experience similar impulses and constraints to the development of social policy under differing constitutional arrangements.
6
Ussher, Gregory Ronald. "The 'medical gaze' and the 'watchful eye' the treatment, prevention and epidemiology of venereal diseases in New South Wales c.1901-1925 /." Connect to full text, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/3565.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Sydney, 2007.Title from title screen (viewed October 9, 2008). Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the School of Philosophical and Historical Inquiry, Faculty of Arts. Degree awarded 2007; theses submitted 2006. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print form.
7
Casas, Fernando Constantino. "A seborrheic dermatitis in pygmy goats." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.385334.
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Venning, Vanessa Ann. "Bullous pemphigoid : clinical and pathogenetic studies." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.334938.
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Rockafellar, Nancy. "Making the world safe for the soldiers of democracy : patriotism, public health and venereal disease control on the West Coast, 1910-1919 /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10354.
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Badial, Peres Ramos [UNESP]. "Astenia dérmica regional hereditária equina: diagnóstico, ocorrência no Brasil e caracterização clinica." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/108390.
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000725296.pdf: 956123 bytes, checksum: 50d72cefdb85fffba1d5001620776c3f (MD5)Este estudo foi realizado para caracterizar os achados dermatológicos, oftalmológicos e morfológicos da pele de cavalos com Astenia Dérmica Regional Hereditária Equina (HERDA) e padronizar um ensaio de “High Resolution Melting” (HRM), para determinar a ocorrência de heterozigotos. As avaliações e a padronização do HRM foram realizadas em cinco cavalos afetados (GA) e cinco não afetados (GC). Adicionalmente, cinco animais heterozigotos (GH) foram utilizados para padronizar o HRM. A ocorrência de heterozigotos foi determinada em 690 animais. Diversas regiões da pele foram mensuradas com cutímetro no GA e GC. Biópsias de pele foram submetidas aos exames histopatológico e ultraestrutural. Avaliação histopatológica foi realizada por dois patologistas. O exame oftalmológico incluiu, além das avaliações rotineiras, aferição dos diâmetros da córnea, paquimetria e biometria. Foi extraído DNA do sangue colhido do GA, GC, GH e de 690 cavalos e o HRM foi validado. Observou-se menor espessura de pele no GA. A sensibilidade e especificidade do diagnóstico histopatológico da pele dependeram do avaliador e da região, respectivamente. Foram observados menor espessura e maior curvatura e diâmetros da córnea no GA. O HRM apresentou elevadas acurácia e precisão. A frequência de heterozigotos foi de 4,7%. Apesar do padrão regional dos sinais dermatológicos, a diminuição da espessura da pele não é regional. Para o diagnóstico histopatológico, recomenda-se realizar biópsia de pele no pescoço, garupa ou dorso. A relevância clínica dos achados oftalmológicos deve ser investigada. O ensaio de HRM padronizado será útil na seleção dos acasalamentos, visando minimizar a ocorrência da doença
The present study was conducted to characterize the dermatological, ophthalmological, and morphological findings from horses affected with Hereditary Equine Regional Dermal Asthenia (HERDA) and to standardize a High Resolution Melting (HRM) genotyping assay to determine the frequency of carriers. The evaluations and HRM standardization were performed in five affected (AG) and five non-affected (CG) horses. Additionally, five heterozygous (HG) horses were used to HRM standardization. The frequency of carriers was determined in 690 horses. Several skin regions of both groups were measured with a cutimeter Skin biopsies were submitted to histopathological and ultrastructural evaluations. Histopathological evaluation was performed by two pathologists. Ophthalmology included, besides the routine evaluations, corneal diameters measurement, pachymetry, and biometry. HRM was validated using purified DNA from blood samples of the AG, CG, HG and 690 horses. Skin thickness decrease was observed in the AG. Histopathological sensitivity and specificity to diagnose HERDA was dependent on the evaluator and region, respectively. HERDA horses exhibited decreased corneal thickness and increased corneal curvature and corneal diameters. The HRM assay resulted in high accuracy and precision. The estimated carrier frequency was 4.7%. Despite of the regional pattern of the dermatological signs, the decrease of skin thickness from HERDA horses is not regional. Skin samples of the neck, croup or back are recommended to diagnose HERDA. The relevance of the ocular findings should be further investigated. The standardized HRM assay will be useful in the management of breeding programs to minimize the occurrence of this disease
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Badial, Peres Ramos. "Astenia dérmica regional hereditária equina : diagnóstico, ocorrência no Brasil e caracterização clinica /." Botucatu, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/108390.
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Orientador: Alexandre Secorun BorgesBanca: Carlos Alberto Hussni
Banca: João Pessoa Araújo Junior
Banca: Luiz Claudio Nogueira Mendes
Banca: Paulo Henrique Jorge da Cunha
Resumo: Este estudo foi realizado para caracterizar os achados dermatológicos, oftalmológicos e morfológicos da pele de cavalos com Astenia Dérmica Regional Hereditária Equina (HERDA) e padronizar um ensaio de "High Resolution Melting" (HRM), para determinar a ocorrência de heterozigotos. As avaliações e a padronização do HRM foram realizadas em cinco cavalos afetados (GA) e cinco não afetados (GC). Adicionalmente, cinco animais heterozigotos (GH) foram utilizados para padronizar o HRM. A ocorrência de heterozigotos foi determinada em 690 animais. Diversas regiões da pele foram mensuradas com cutímetro no GA e GC. Biópsias de pele foram submetidas aos exames histopatológico e ultraestrutural. Avaliação histopatológica foi realizada por dois patologistas. O exame oftalmológico incluiu, além das avaliações rotineiras, aferição dos diâmetros da córnea, paquimetria e biometria. Foi extraído DNA do sangue colhido do GA, GC, GH e de 690 cavalos e o HRM foi validado. Observou-se menor espessura de pele no GA. A sensibilidade e especificidade do diagnóstico histopatológico da pele dependeram do avaliador e da região, respectivamente. Foram observados menor espessura e maior curvatura e diâmetros da córnea no GA. O HRM apresentou elevadas acurácia e precisão. A frequência de heterozigotos foi de 4,7%. Apesar do padrão regional dos sinais dermatológicos, a diminuição da espessura da pele não é regional. Para o diagnóstico histopatológico, recomenda-se realizar biópsia de pele no pescoço, garupa ou dorso. A relevância clínica dos achados oftalmológicos deve ser investigada. O ensaio de HRM padronizado será útil na seleção dos acasalamentos, visando minimizar a ocorrência da doença
Abstract: The present study was conducted to characterize the dermatological, ophthalmological, and morphological findings from horses affected with Hereditary Equine Regional Dermal Asthenia (HERDA) and to standardize a High Resolution Melting (HRM) genotyping assay to determine the frequency of carriers. The evaluations and HRM standardization were performed in five affected (AG) and five non-affected (CG) horses. Additionally, five heterozygous (HG) horses were used to HRM standardization. The frequency of carriers was determined in 690 horses. Several skin regions of both groups were measured with a cutimeter Skin biopsies were submitted to histopathological and ultrastructural evaluations. Histopathological evaluation was performed by two pathologists. Ophthalmology included, besides the routine evaluations, corneal diameters measurement, pachymetry, and biometry. HRM was validated using purified DNA from blood samples of the AG, CG, HG and 690 horses. Skin thickness decrease was observed in the AG. Histopathological sensitivity and specificity to diagnose HERDA was dependent on the evaluator and region, respectively. HERDA horses exhibited decreased corneal thickness and increased corneal curvature and corneal diameters. The HRM assay resulted in high accuracy and precision. The estimated carrier frequency was 4.7%. Despite of the regional pattern of the dermatological signs, the decrease of skin thickness from HERDA horses is not regional. Skin samples of the neck, croup or back are recommended to diagnose HERDA. The relevance of the ocular findings should be further investigated. The standardized HRM assay will be useful in the management of breeding programs to minimize the occurrence of this disease
Doutor
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Bridges, Jennifer. "Reclaiming Female Virtue: Social Hygiene, Venereal Disease and Texas Reclamation Centers during World War I." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1404551/.
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During the Progressive Era in the United States, social hygiene reformers underwent a fundamental change in their stance toward women accused of prostitution or promiscuous behavior. Rather than viewing such women as unfortunate victims of circumstance who were worthy of compassion, many Progressives deemed them as predatory villains who instead deserved incarceration, forced rehabilitation, and non-consenting medical interference. Texas, due to the many military bases within its borders, became a key battleground in this moral crusade against women as the carriers and proliferators of VD. "Promiscuous" women were seen as not only dangerous to the soldiers but also as a threat to the nation's security, creating an environment that led Texas Progressives to suppress women's civil liberties in the name of protecting soldiers. The catalyst for this change in attitude was World War I. The Great War brought to the forefront an unpleasant reality facing a significant percentage of America's fighting men: venereal disease. While combating sexually transmitted diseases was a serious medical and manpower concern for the military in the era before penicillin, the sole focus on women as the carriers and proliferators of VD led to a nationwide campaign against the "social evil" that demonized women and led to the suspension of thousands of women's habeas corpus rights. This dissertation examines how the twin crusades of Progressivism and the War to End All Wars created conditions in Texas that for many women meant appalling repression rather than progress toward the enjoyment of greater equality.
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Schielein, Maximilian [Verfasser], and Alexander [Akademischer Betreuer] Zink. "Mental health in dermatology: addictions in psoriasis and an outlook on the psychosocial burden of chronic skin diseases / Maximilian Schielein ; Betreuer: Alexander Zink." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1232645427/34.
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Souza, Tatiana Mello de. "Dermatopatias não-tumorais em cães: bases para o diagnóstico e dados de prevalência em Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul (2005-2008)." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2009. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/4036.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e TecnológicoThe current study stemmed from the interest in improving the diagnostic capabilities of a team consisting of two small animal clinicians and four veterinary pathologists from the Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária of the Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil; it was conducted from March 2005 to December 2008 as part of a doctoral project entitled "Non-tumorous dermatopathies in dogs" and was divided in two parts. The first part consists of an illustrated literature review on the histological aspects of the skin of dogs and cats, aimed to serve as a tool for dermatopathology, and on the methods applied to the dermatological diagnosis in small animals, with emphasis in the laboratory tests that support the diagnosis. The second part consists of the determination of the prevalence of dermatopathies in dogs in the municipality of Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. In this second part there is a pictorial collection, in the format of an atlas, of the main gross and histopathological aspects, that, in association with other criteria, allowed the diagnosis of the non-tumorous dermatopathies herein described. To accomplish that, the canine dermathological clinical cases seen at the Hospital Veterinário Universitário of UFSM and at a private practice from Santa Maria were followed up from March 2005 to June 2008. During this period 480 dogs with dermatological problems were examined; in 393 (81.9%) it was possible to establish a definitive diagnosis and in 87 (18.1%) the diagnosis was inconclusive. Four hundred and twenty four primary diagnosis and 78 secondary diagnosis were performed in the 393 dogs with conclusive diagnosis, totaling 502 diagnosis. The distribution of the diagnosis according to the categories of diagnosed dermatopathies was as follows: Allergic (190/502 [37.8%]), bacterial (103/502 [20.5%]), parasitic (97/502 [19.3%]), environmental (28/502 [5.6%]), mycotic (20/502 [4.0%]), endocrine (13/502 [2.6%]), keratinization defects (11/502 [2.2%]), psychogenic (9/502 [1.8%]), acquired alopecias (6/502 [1.2%]), autoimmune (6/502 [1.2%]), inherited (6/502 [1.2%]), pigmentary abnormalities (1/502 [0.2%], nutritional (1/502 [0.2%]), and sundry conditions (11/502 [2.2%]). In general, the ten most frequently diagnosed non-tumorous dermatopathies in decreasing order of frequency were: Atopy, flea bite allergic dermatitis, superficial bacterial folliculitis, demodectic mange, deep bacterial folliculitis/furunculosis, sarcoptic mange, myiasis, food allergy, pyotraumatic dermatitis, and Malassezia dermatitis. These 10 conditions together made up approximately for 75% of all canine skin diseases diagnosed in the current study. Such a result supports the view that a few skin diseases make up for the most part of the dermatological clinical cases seen in dogs from Santa Maria.
Este estudo derivou do interesse no aperfeiçoamento do diagnóstico dermatológico de uma equipe formada por dois clínicos de pequenos animais e por quatro patologistas veterinários vinculados ao Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brasil; foi conduzido no período de março de 2005 a dezembro de 2008, faz parte do projeto de doutorado intitulado Dermatopatias não-tumorais em cães e foi dividido em duas partes. A primeira parte consiste de uma revisão de literatura ilustrada sobre os aspectos histológicos da pele de cães e gatos como ferramenta para dermatopatologia e sobre métodos de diagnóstico dermatológico aplicados para pequenos animais, com ênfase em exames laboratoriais que servem de apoio diagnóstico. A segunda parte consiste na determinação da prevalência das dermatopatias nãotumorais em cães do município de Santa Maria, RS, Brasil. Nessa segunda parte há um apanhado fotográfico, no formato de um atlas, dos principais aspectos macroscópicos e microscópicos, que, juntamente com outros critérios, permitiram os diagnósticos das dermatopatias não-tumorais aqui descritas. Para isso, foram acompanhados os atendimentos dermatológicos no Hospital Veterinário Universitário da UFSM e de um consultório veterinário particular no período de março de 2005 a junho de 2008. Durante esse período foram atendidos 480 cães com problemas dermatológicos. Desses, em 393 (81,9%) foi possível estabelecer o diagnóstico definitivo e em 87 (18,1%) o diagnóstico não foi conclusivo. Esses 393 cães com diagnóstico conclusivo totalizaram 502 diagnósticos, 424 diagnósticos primários e 78 diagnósticos secundários. A distribuição dos diagnósticos em relação às categorias de dermatopatias diagnosticadas foi a seguinte: dermatopatias alérgicas (190/502 [37,8%]), dermatopatias bacterianas (103/502 [20,5%]), dermatopatias parasitárias (97/502 [19,3%]), dermatopatias relacionadas ao ambiente (28/502 [5,6%]), dermatopatias fúngicas (20/502 [4,0%]), dermatopatias endócrinas (13/502 [2,6%]), defeitos da ceratinização (11/502 [2,2%]), dermatopatias psicogênicas (9/502 [1,8%]), alopecias adquiridas (6/502 [1,2%]), dermatopatias auto-imunes (6/502 [1,2%]), dermatopatias hereditárias (6/502 [1,2%]), anormalidades pigmentares (1/502 [0,2%], dermatopatias nutricionais (1/502 [0,2%]) e outras dermatopatias (11/502 [2,2%]). No geral, as 10 principais dermatopatias não-tumorais, em ordem decrescente de freqüência, foram: atopia, dermatite alérgica à picada de pulga, foliculite bacteriana superficial, sarna demodécica, foliculite bacteriana profunda/furunculose, sarna sarcóptica, miíase, alergia alimentar, dermatite piotraumática e malassezíase. Essas 10 condições perfizeram juntas aproximadamente 75% de todas as doenças de pele de cães diagnosticadas neste estudo, o que reforça a idéia corrente de que poucas doenças de pele são responsáveis pela maior parte dos atendimentos dermatológicos no município de Santa Maria.
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Kennard, Benjamin, Allison Cobble, Amy Gravitte, Kaleigh Galloway, Jen Kintner, Jennifer Hall, and Stacy C. Brown. "Quantification of Progesterone and 17-β Estradiol in Mouse Serum by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2020/presentations/45.
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Quantification of progesterone and 17-β estradiol in mouse serum by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
Authors:
Benjamin Kennard, Allison Cobble, Amy Gravitte, Keleigh Galloway, Jen Kintner, Jennifer Hall, Stacy Brown
Introduction: In the United States, Chlamydia trachomatis is a commonly appearing sexually transmitted infection1. It affects the U.S. healthcare system to a tune of about $500 million dollars annually2. In women, it generally appears asymptomatic and can lead to severe secondary complications such as pelvic inflammatory diseases or infertility1. Female sex hormones, estrogen and progesterone, are being identified to have a role in chlamydial infection. Specifically, this study aims to create quantification methods to detect levels of estrogen and progesterone in mice, infected with Chlamydia muridarum, plasma samples.
Methods: Progesterone samples were prepared using solid-liquid extraction (SLE+) cartridges with ethyl acetate as the elution solvent. Estradiol samples were prepared using liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) with methyl tert-butyl ether and subsequent derivatization with DMIS. Following sample preparation, hormones were quantified in samples using LC-MS/MS with a gradient elution of 1 mM ammonium fluoride in water and acetonitrile. The separation was achieved using a UCT C18 column (100 x 21.mm, 1.8 μm particle size) maintained at 50oC. The mass spectrometer was set up to isolate molecular ions for progesterone (m/z 315.0910) and derivatized estradiol (m/z 431.1835). Quantification was facilitated by the use of deuterium-labeled internal standards and their corresponding molecular ions in the mass spectrometer (d9-progesterone; m/z 324.1230 and d5-estradiol; m/z 436.2922).
Results: Several aspects of the assay presented have been optimized for maximum analyte recovery and analytical sensitivity, including column choice, mobile phase, derivatizing agents for estradiol, and extraction protocols for progesterone. The LC-MS/MS method was investigated for precision and accuracy over three separate days. The dynamic range of the progesterone assay was 5 – 100 ng/mL, with a limit of detection of 1 ng/mL. Likewise, the estradiol assay was linear in the range of 5 – 100 ng/mL, with a limit of detection of 0.5 ng/mL. The average precision, represented by % RSD was 0.74 – 8.5% and 6.3 – 13.4% for progesterone and estradiol, respectively. The accuracy of the method, represented by % error was 1.6 – 14.4% and 4.0 – 10.5% for progesterone and estradiol, respectively. Successful validation was defined as < 15% RSD and error (< 20% at the limit of quantification), per current FDA Guidelines.
Conclusions: The developed LC-MS/MS method is specific for progesterone and estradiol, and the extraction is suitable for preparation of mouse serum samples. This assay could be successfully applied to hormone quantification in mouse samples to support the investigation of the link between chlamydia infection and hormone levels in female animals.
References
1. Chlamydia - 2017 Sexually Transmitted Diseases Surveillance. https://www.cdc.gov/std/stats17/chlamydia.htm. Accessed October 23, 2018.
2. Owusu-Edusei K, Chesson HW, Gift TL, et al. The Estimated Direct Medical Cost of Selected Sexually Transmitted Infections in the United States, 2008. Sex Transm Dis. 2013;40(3):197-201. doi:10.1097/OLQ.0b013e318285c6d2
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Vives, Vilagut Roser. "Design of an exploratory development plan for the assessment of the activity of drugs for the treatment of chronic inflammatory dermatological diseases." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/400199.
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Antecedents: El procés de desenvolupament d'un fàrmac des del descobriment a la comercialització és una seqüència complexa que es pot perllongar més de deu anys. La duració, taxa de fracassos i les fites varien molt depenent del tipus de fàrmac i la seva indicació.
Hipòtesis: Durant el desenvolupament de noves entitat moleculars (NEM) pel tractament tòpic de malalties dermatològiques inflamatòries (MDI), l'establiment d'un pla de desenvolupament clínic utilitzant dissenys d'estudis de Prova de Concepte (PdC) eficients portarà a obtenir dades robustes i concloents en un curt període de temps, amb mínims requeriments de dades no-clíniques i clíniques, minimitzant l'exposició al producte en investigació dels subjectes en assajos clínics, assegurant la seva seguretat.
Objectiu: Identificar l'aproximació més eficient per explorar l'activitat clínica d'una NEM pel tractament tòpic de les MDI en quant a fiabilitat dels resultats, requeriments de dades no-clíniques i clíniques i subjectes exposats, temps per obtenir dades d'activitat i inversió requerida.
Mètodes: S'ha dut a terme una revisió de guies regulatòries de la ICH, l'EMA i la FDA i dels informes d'avaluació públics de productes tòpics dermatològics per tal d'identificar els objectius d'un pla de desenvolupament exploratori i els estudis no-clínics i clínics requerits per a iniciar els estudis de PdC. Es va dur a terme una revisió d'assajos clínics publicats de productes dermatològics tòpics en dermatitis atòpica (DA) i psoriasis publicats durant el període de gener 2003-desembre 2013, per tal de descriure els estudis utilitzats per obtenir una PdC en termes de disseny, nombre de subjectes, duració i tipus de variables i identificar els dissenys de PdC més rellevants en DA i psoriasis. Per cada tipus de disseny identificat s'ha proposat un pla de desenvolupament amb recomanacions, estimant costos i duració, comparant les diferents aproximacions.
Resultats: Hi ha molt poca informació sobre com planificar el desenvolupament d'una NEM pel tractament de la DA i la psoriasis per la via tòpica malgrat les diferencies respecte dels productes per via sistèmica en termes de exposició sistèmica i seguretat podrien impactar en els plans de desenvolupament. S'han revisat un total de 59 estudis en DA i 40 en psoriasis i s'han identificat 3 tipus d'estudis principals con a rellevants per a avaluar l'activitat d'un producte aplicat per via tòpica: Estudi aleatoritzat, paral·lel inter-subjecte, Estudi aleatoritzat paral·lel intra-subjecte i estudis farmacodinàmics. Per la DA, s'han proposat dos escenaris, amb els dissenys inter-subjecte i intra-subjecte com a PdC i per la psoriasis s'ha proposat un tercer escenari amb un estudi de placa com a PdC. Després de tenir en compte totes les dades prèvies requerides en cadascun dels escenaris i les seves característiques, s'ha proposat un escenari implementant un estudi intra-subjecte per la DA i un amb un estudi de placa per la psoriasis com les aproximacions més eficients en terme de costos i temps fins a obtenir una prova d'activitat clínica d'una NEM especialment quan es tracta d'un nou mecanisme d'acció.
Conclusions: El disseny del estudi de PdC s'hauria d'establir molt aviat quan es planeja el desenvolupament ja que impactarà en tot el pla de desenvolupament. Algunes de les aproximacions s'han identificat com a més eficients, encara que hi ha diferents factors que poden influenciar. Una guia regulatòria amb els requeriments generals pel desenvolupament de productes tòpics dermatològics seria útil per ajustar la quantitat de proves no-clíniques i clíniques de forma que garantissin la seguretat dels subjectes exposats durant els assajos clínics al mateix temps que evitaria l'ús excessiu de recursos, facilitant el desenvolupament, fent-lo més eficient i predictible.Background: The process of developing a drug from discovery to the market is a complex sequence of milestones that may take more than ten years. The duration, rate of failures and milestones vary greatly depending on the type of drug and the indication. Hypothesis: During the development of new molecular entities (NME) aimed for the topical treatment of inflammatory dermatological diseases (IDD), setting up an exploratory clinical development plan objective using efficient proof of concept (PoC) study designs, leads to obtaining robust and conclusive data in a short period of time, with minimal requirements of non-clinical and clinical data and minimizing the exposure of subjects participating in clinical trials to the investigational product, thus ensuring their safety. Objective: To identify the most efficient approach to explore the clinical activity of a NME for the topical treatment of IDD in terms of reliability of the results, non-clinical and clinical data requirements and in terms of exposed subjects, time to obtain activity data and investment required. Methods: A systematic review of regulatory guidelines issued by the ICH, EMA and FDA, as well as public assessment reports of topical dermatological products was done to identify the objectives of an exploratory development, and non-clinical and clinical studies required to initiate PoC studies. A systematic review of clinical trials of topical dermatological products in Aropic Eczema (AE) and Psoriasis published in the period January 2003-December 2013, to describe the type of designs used to obtain a PoC in terms of designs, number of patients, duration, type of variables and identify the most relevant clinical trial designs for PoC in AE and/or psoriasis was performed and for each type of design identified, a development plan with recommendations was proposed, estimating costs and duration and comparing the different approaches. Results: There is little information on how to plan the development of a NME for the treatment of AE or psoriasis by the topical route despite differences with respect to systemically administered products in terms of systemic exposure and safety issues may impact development plans. A total of 59 studies in AE and 40 in psoriasis were summarized and 3 main types of studies identified as relevant to assess the activity of a product applied topically on the skin: Randomized, parallel inter-subject study, Randomized, parallel, intra-subject comparison and Pharmacodynamic studies. For AE, two scenarios were proposed, where inter-subject and intra-subject studies were the PoC designs and for psoriasis a third scenario was proposed with a psoriasis plaque test as a PoC. After accounting for all previous data needed in each of the scenarios, and the particular features of development, an scenario implementing an intra-subject design for AE and with a psoriasis plaque test for psoriasis were proposed as the most efficient in terms of time and costs till a proof of clinical activity of a NME especially when it has a new mechanism of action. Conclusions: The design of the PoC study should be established early when planning the development as it will impact on the whole plan. Some approaches have been identified as more efficient although this may be influenced by different factors. A general regulatory guidance for early stage development requirements specific for topical dermatological products would be useful to adjust the amount of non-clinical testing to an extent that guaranties the safety of subjects exposed during clinical trials at the same time that avoids excessive use of resources, easing the development process and making it more efficient and predictable.
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Winter, Randi P., Lorin Bibb, and Stuart S. Dr Leicht. "Pressure-induced Lipodystrophy from Elbow Compression." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2019/schedule/59.
Full textAbstract:
Lipodystrophic syndromes encompass a wide range of both inherited and acquired conditions whereby adipose tissue is lost or absent. We report a rare case of acquired localized, pressure-induced lipodystrophy whereby continuous elbow pressure to the distal thighs led to marked tissue disfigurement. Pressure-induced lipodystrophy is a condition that likely results from protracted, localized pressure which ultimately decreases blood flow to the surrounding tissues. Overtime, the decreased perfusion is thought to induce adipocyte degeneration and eventual tissue deformation. Our findings resemble those described in the case reports of leg crossers’ dimples and lipoatrophia semicircularis and support current literature suggesting that prolonged pressure can indeed lead to significant adipose tissue loss and local architectural distortion. Our findings are significant because pressure-induced lipodystrophy represents an avoidable condition that can be circumvented if patients and physicians are knowledgeable of the underlying causes. We highlight a rare case report to educate the public as well as physicians about the causes of pressure-induced lipodystrophy and ultimately prevent future cases of unnecessary and unintended disfigurement.
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Castro, Eneida Lazzarini de 1955. "O conhecimento e o ensino sobre as doenças sexualmente transmissíveis entre os alunos da Unicamp." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/311632.
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Orientador: Paulo Eduardo Neves Ferreira VelhoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
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Resumo: Introdução: O ensino superior deve educar socialmente o cidadão, independente da sua área de conhecimento. As doenças sexualmente transmitidas (DST) são a principal causa global de doença aguda e morte e representam elevado custo socioeconômico. Os universitários são altamente expostos e ter outras infecções aumenta enormemente o risco de contrair o HIV. Objetivos: Avaliar o conhecimento de universitários sobre as DST, desenvolvendo um instrumento didático de autopercepção deste (des)conhecimento sobre o tema. Material e métodos: Um questionário foi enviado aos graduandos da Universidade Estadual de Campinas no final de 2011 e, em 2012, aos alunos recém-ingressos. Resultados e conclusões: Responderam o questionário 1.448 veteranos e 371 calouros. Metade era de cada sexo e houve representatividade de todas as áreas. Não tinham tido atividade sexual 20,0 e 38,0% dos veteranos e calouros, respectivamente. Dos alunos que já haviam tido, 26,9% não tinham parceria fixa e 28,2% mais que 2 parcerias/ano. A bissexualidade foi informada por 9,0% dos alunos, enquanto 5,8% dos homens e 1,1% das mulheres a homossexualidade. O preservativo foi usado por 99% dos alunos, mas menos de 20% deles fazia uso adequado do mesmo. Entre os alunos, 43% entenderam errado um slogan da campanha do governo. Cerca de 80% não sabiam que o preservativo não protege fora da área de barreira; não souberam identificar lesões de herpes simples e que não há cura para este vírus; quando apontadas lesões discretas da infecção pelo HPV, afirmaram que elas poderiam ser confundidas com "pintas"; pretendiam ler mais sobre DST e aprenderam algo sobre o assunto. Quase a metade dos alunos julgou que uma disciplina deveria ser oferecida a todos os graduandos. Vacinação pré-exposição poderia ter sido oferecida a mais de 43% dos calouros. Os dados encontrados serão úteis para definir estratégias de prevenção e o instrumento didático poderá ser utilizado em outros ambientes de ensino
Abstract: Higher education should educate students socially, regardless of their area of expertise. STDs are a global major cause of acute illness and death and represent high socioeconomic cost. Undergraduate students are highly exposed to them. Having other infection greatly increases the risk of contracting HIV. Our goals were to develop a teaching tool to generate perception of (un) knowledge about STDs and quantify that knowledge and the interest of the students in a course about this subject. A questionnaire was sent to students from State University of Campinas in late 2011 and, in 2012, to beginner students. The questionnaire was answered by 1,448 seniors and 371 freshmen. They were half of each gender and were representative of all areas. Twenty percent of seniors and 38,0% of freshmen had no sexual activity. Among the students that already had sexual activity, 26.9% had no regular partner and 28.2% had more than 2 partnerships a year. Bisexuality was reported by 9.0% of students, while 5.8% of men and 1.1% of female referred homosexuality. The condom was used by 99% of students, but less than 20% of them made proper use of it. Among the students, 43% misunderstood a slogan of the government campaign. About 80% of them did not know that condoms do not protect the outside barrier area; were not able to identify herpes simplex lesions and there is no cure for this virus; considered that discrete HPV lesions could be confused with nevus; wanted to read more about STDs; and learned something about the subject. Nearly half of the students felt that a course should be offered to all undergraduates. Pre-exposure vaccination could have been offered to more than 43% of freshmen. Our findings will be useful to help define strategies for prevention and the teaching tool might be used in other learning environments
Mestrado
Ensino em Saúde
Mestra em Clínica Médica
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Correia, Ana Filipa Carvalho. "Nutrição, alimentação e doenças dermatológicas: associação e perspetiva histórica – uma revisão da literatura." Bachelor's thesis, [s.n.], 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/9334.
Full textAbstract:
Trabalho Complementar apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Licenciada em Ciências da NutriçãoObjetivos: A ligação entre a nutrição e a dermatologia é controversa, no entanto, tem emergido ao longo dos anos podendo ser um complemento ao tratamento convencional. O objetivo do presente trabalho é rever a literatura existente, de forma a analisar o estudo da associação entre alimentação, nutrição e as doenças dermatológicas, numa perspetiva integrada e tendo em conta a evolução histórica. Metodologia: Utilizou-se a plataforma PubMed para a recolha de dados. Resultados: Abordam-se três doenças de pele com uma etiologia inconclusiva: a acne vulgar, a dermatite atópica e a psoríase vulgar. Encontraram-se vários fatores que podem exacerbar os sintomas destas doenças. A acne é uma doença inflamatória crónica que afeta maioritariamente os adolescentes. Uma dieta com alimentos de baixo índice glicémico/carga glicémica parece reduzir a gravidade da acne. A dermatite atópica é uma doença inflamatória crónica que ocorre principalmente na infância. Presume-se que a suplementação com probióticos na infância auxilia no tratamento e, no período pré e pós-natal poderá prevenir a doença. A suplementação com vitamina D parece reduzir a gravidade dos sintomas da doença. A psoríase é uma doença crónica inflamatória e imunomediada. Indivíduos obesos com psoríase beneficiam com a perda de peso, reduzindo a gravidade dos sintomas. Conclusões: A nutrição e alimentação, per se, não apresentam um impacto significativo na terapêutica das doenças dermatológicas analisadas. Contudo, verificou-se que a intervenção nutricional, incluindo alterações dos hábitos alimentares e/ou no aporte de alguns nutrientes, poderá sempre ser considerada como meio coadjuvante da terapêutica.
Aims: The link between nutrition and dermatology is controversial, however, it has emerged over the years and can be a complement to conventional treatment. The aim of this paper is to review the existing literature, in order to analyze the study of the association between food, nutrition and dermatological diseases, in an integrated perspective and taking into account historical evolution. Methodology: The PubMed platform was used for data collection. Results: Three skin diseases with an inconclusive etiology are approached: acne vulgaris, atopic dermatitis and psoriasis vulgaris. Several factors have been found that can exacerbate the symptoms of these diseases. Acne is a chronic inflammatory disease that mostly affects adolescents. A diet with low glycemic index / glycemic load foods seems to reduce the severity of acne. Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that occurs mainly in childhood. It is assumed that supplementation with probiotics in childhood helps in the treatment and, in the pre and postnatal period, may prevent the disease. Vitamin D supplementation appears to reduce the severity of the disease's symptoms. Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory and immune-mediated disease. Obese individuals with psoriasis benefit from weight loss by reducing the severity of symptoms. Conclusions: Nutrition and food, per se, have no significant impact on the treatment of the dermatological diseases analyzed. However, it was found that nutritional intervention, including changes in eating habits and / or in the supply of some nutrients, can always be considered as an adjunct to therapy.
N/A
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Strassner, James P. "The Role of Interferon Gamma in Melanocyte Clearance During Vitiligo." eScholarship@UMMS, 2019. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/1023.
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Vitiligo is an autoimmune disease in which CD8+ T cells selectively destroy melanocytes, leading to a patchy, disfiguring depigmentation of the skin. Our group and others have highlighted the central role of IFN-γ-dependent chemokines in the progression of disease; however, IFN-γ is also reported to have pleiotropic effects on melanocyte biology. We examined whether IFN-γ has a direct role in melanocyte killing. We tested the T-cell effector functions IFN-γ, Fas ligand and perforin by deleting them from autoreactive T cells used to induce vitiligo in mice. We found that disease incidence, disease severity and T cell accumulation in the skin was reduced in mice receiving adoptive transfer of either IFN-γ deficient or Fas ligand deficient gp100-specific T cells; however, perforin was dispensable and led to increased disease scores and T cell accumulation. To determine how melanocytes are affected by IFN-γ signaling during vitiligo, we performed single-cell RNA-sequencing on suction blister biopsies obtained from vitiligo and healthy subjects. We discovered that integrin expression and TGFb2 signaling was decreased only in lesional melanocyte transcriptomes. Moreover, melanocytes appear to participate in their own demise by increasing HLA expression and recruiting effector cells through the chemotactic ligand CCL18. The loss of melanocyte retention factors may explain their clean disappearance from the skin during keratinocyte turnover. Taken together, we believe IFN-γ production by autoreactive T cells in the skin leads to clean loss of melanocytes by downregulation of melanocyte retention factors and by increasing their potential to be detected by effector cells during vitiligo.
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Amarante, Cristina Fernandes do. "An?lise epidemiol?gica das dermatopatias de uma popula??o canina atendida no per?odo de 2005 a 2010 no Setor de Dermatologia do Hospital Veterin?rio da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2012. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/1780.
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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES
In Brazil, epidemiological studies on canine dermatopathies are scarce and the literature point out several gaps in knowledge about. The aim of this study was to describe the profile of canine population with dermatopathies attended by the Section of Dermatology, Rural Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, testing associations with variables inherent to animals, eating habits, hygiene and in relation to concurrent dermatopathies. The records of all animals attended between January 2005 and December 2010 were organized in a database using the software Epi Info? version 3.5.1. The Chi-square ?? test or Fisher?s exact test, the prevalence ratios and their confidence intervals, the ?? test for linear trend and the respective Odds ratios were used to evaluate the associations. The level of significance adopted was 5%. We reviewed the records of 2,280 dogs, with a total of 3,433 diagnostics, and 113 types of dermatopathies were identified. The population studied was composed predominantly of females (55.2%), adults (58.3%) and defined breed animals (67.32%). The categories of dermatopathies more prevalent were: allergic (41.35%), bacterial (23.94%) and endocrines (22.41%). The categories not zoonotic (94.12%) predominated over zoonotic diseases (5.88%). The more prevalent dermatitis were: atopic dermatitis - AD (31.67%), hypothyroidism (20.75%), bacterial folliculitis (8.42%), demodicosis (8.29%), flea infestation (7.67%) otitis by M. pachydermatis (6.14%), bacterial otitis (5.92%) and flea allergic dermatitis ? FAD (5.8%). Sex was significantly associated with AD, hepatoid adenoma, acute moist dermatitis - AMD, hypothyroidism, hyperadrenocorticism and demodicosis. Significant differences were observed in relation to age and AD, folliculitis, hypothyroidism, hyperadrenocorticism, scabiosis, demodicosis, dermatophytosis, systemic lupus erythematosus and neoplasms. The prevalence of AD, FAD, contact dermatitis, hypothyroidism, scabiosis, discoid lupus erythematosus, otohematoma and neoplasms varied with significant differences in relation to animal breed. In addition, there are statistical evidences of association between: AD and hypothyroidism, use of perfumes and cleaning products; FAD and AD, food allergic dermatitis and type of food; AMD and neutering, hair type and AD; hypothyroidism and neutering; demodicosis, hair type and neutering; sporotrichosis and contact with injuried animals. The study population is characterised by high prevalence of dermatopathies of the categories allergic, bacterial, endocrines, fungal and parasitic diseases and low prevalence of dermatozoonoses. The nosology of the population studied is consistent with the type of service offered by the Section of Dermatology, which is most seek for solving complex problems and in several occasions by private practitioners. It should be noted that the studied population was examined by a dermatologist from an University Veterinary Hospital where the technology could overcome the private clinics. Therefore, despite the validity of results, these should not be extrapolated without care for other populations. The variety of the diagnostics performed indicates that the diagnosis and management of dermatopathies must receive higher attention from graduates and specialists
No Brasil, estudos epidemiol?gicos sobre dermatopatias caninas s?o escassos e a literatura aponta v?rias lacunas no conhecimento. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever o perfil da popula??o canina atendida no Setor de Dermatologia da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, e das dermatopatias, testando-as quanto ?s associa??es com vari?veis inerentes aos animais, seus h?bitos alimentares, higi?nicos e em rela??o ?s dermatopatias concorrentes. Os dados de todos os prontu?rios de animais atendidos no per?odo de janeiro de 2005 a dezembro de 2010 foram armazenados em um banco de dados elaborado no programa Epi Info? vers?o 3.5.1. O teste ?? ou exato de Fisher, as raz?es de preval?ncias e seus respectivos intervalos de confian?a, o ?? de tend?ncia linear e as respectivas odds ratio foram empregados na avalia??o da associa??o. O n?vel de signific?ncia adotado foi de 5%. Foram revisados os prontu?rios de 2.280 c?es, nos quais foram realizados 3.433 diagn?sticos e identificadas 113 dermatopatias diferentes. A popula??o estudada foi composta predominantemente por f?meas (55,2%), adultos (58,3%) e animais com ra?a definida (67,32%). As categorias de dermatopatias mais prevalecentes foram: as al?rgicas (41,35), as bacterianas (23,94%) e as end?crinas (22,41%). As categorias n?o zoon?ticas (94,12%) prevaleceram sobre as zoon?ticas (5,88%). As dermatites mais prevalecentes foram: dermatite at?pica- DA (31,67%), hipotireoidismo (20,75%), foliculite bacteriana (8,42%), demodicose (8,29%), infesta??o por pulga (7,67%) otite por M. pachydermatis (6,14%), otite bacteriana (5,92%) e dermatite al?rgica por picada de pulga- DAPP (5,8%). O sexo esteve associado significativamente a DA, ao adenoma hepat?ide, a dermatite ?mida aguda- DUA, ao hipotireoidismo, ao hiperadrenocorticismo e ? demodicose. Diferen?as significativas foram observadas em rela??o ? idade e a DA, ? foliculite, ao hipotireoidismo, ao hiperadrenocorticismo, ? escabiose, ? demodicose, ? dermatofitose, ao l?pus eritematoso sist?mico, e as neoplasias. As preval?ncias de DA, DAPP, dermatite por contato, hipotireoidismo, escabiose, l?pus eritematoso disc?ide, otohematoma e neoplasias variaram com diferen?as significativas em rela??o ? ra?a. H? evid?ncias estat?sticas de associa??o entre: DA e hipotireoidismo, uso de perfumes e produtos de limpeza; DAPP e DA, dermatite al?rgica alimentar e tipo de alimento; DUA e castra??o, tipo de pelagem e DA; hipotireoidismo e castra??o; demodicose, tipo de pelagem e castra??o; esporotricose e contactantes com les?o. A popula??o estudada caracteriza-se por apresentar altas preval?ncias de dermatopatias nas categorias al?rgicas, bacterianas, end?crinas, parasit?rias e f?ngicas e baixas preval?ncias de dermatozonoses. O quadro nosol?gico da popula??o ? coerente com o tipo de servi?o oferecido pelo setor de dermatologia, que ? mais procurado para resolver problemas complexos e em muitas ocasi?es por indica??o de cl?nicos gerais. Deve-se ressaltar que popula??o estudada foi examinada por dermatologista em Hospital Veterin?rio de uma Universidade onde a capacidade tecnol?gica pode superar a da maioria das clinicas privadas. Portanto, apesar da validade interna dos resultados obtidos, estes n?o devem ser extrapolados sem os devidos cuidados para outras popula??es. A variedade de diagn?sticos realizados indica que o diagn?stico e o manejo das dermatopatias devem receber maior aten??o por parte dos graduandos e especialistas
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Silva, Ana Paula da. "Suscetibilidade antimicrobiana de Staphylococcus spp. isolados de cães com pioderma superficial." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2013. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/10179.
Full textAbstract:
Superficial pyoderma is the bacterial infection of the epidermis and hair follicle
and is a common skin disease in dogs. The main etiological agents involved are bacteria
of the Staphylococcus genus. This skin disease represents one of the main indications
for antimicrobial therapy by small animal practitioners, a procedure usually performed
empirically. The emergence of multidrug-resistant staphylococci species in skin
infections has been reported in many countries and implies difficulties in the treatment.
This study aimed to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility and evaluate the presence
of multidrug resistance in 154 isolates of Staphylococcus spp. from skin lesions of dogs
with superficial pyoderma that were assisted by the Veterinary Dermatology Service at
the Hospital Veterinário Universitário (HVU) of the Universidade Federal de Santa
Maria (UFSM). After bacterial culture and identification, the isolates were tested for
antimicrobial susceptibility, and the results showed high rates of resistance to
amoxicillin (60.4%) and penicillin G (60.4%), moderate resistance to potentiated
sulfonamides (29.9%), enrofloxacin (20.1%), ciprofloxacin (18.8%) and azithromycin
(17.5%), and low percentages of resistance to the amoxicillin and clavulanic acid
association (1.9%), cephalexin (1.9 %), cefadroxil (1.9%) and vancomycin (0.6%). The
multidrug resistance was detected in 23.4% (11/154) and the methicillin resistance in
5.8% (9/154) of the samples. It may be concluded that the Staphylococcus spp. isolates
present high susceptibility to key antimicrobials used in the treatment of superficial
pyodermas in dogs at the HVU-UFSM, such as cephalexin and the amoxicillin and
clavulanic acid association, confirming the preference for these drugs when treating
dogs with this disorder. The susceptibility of the isolates to fluoroquinolones, also
recommended in the literature as an alternative in the treatment of pyodermas, allows
suggesting that such drugs should not be considered in the empirical selection. The
identification of multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus spp. in the studied canine
population justifies periodic and regional bacteriological tests of skin lesions in dogs
with superficial pyoderma, to minimize bacterial resistance, possible therapeutic failures
and also motivates wise use of antimicrobial therapy.Pioderma superficial é a infecção bacteriana da epiderme e folículo piloso e é considerada uma das doenças de pele mais frequentes em cães. Os principais agentes etiológicos envolvidos são bactérias do gênero Staphylococcus. Essa dermatopatia representa uma das principais indicações de antimicrobianoterapia pelos clínicos de pequenos animais, procedimento habitualmente realizado de forma empírica. A emergência de espécies estafilococos multirresistentes em infecções cutâneas tem sido relatada em diversos países e implica em dificuldades no tratamento. Este estudo teve como objetivo determinar a suscetibilidade antimicrobiana e avaliar a presença de multirresistência em 154 isolados de Staphylococcus spp. oriundos de lesões cutâneas de cães com pioderma superficial atendidos no Serviço de Dermatologia Veterinária do Hospital Veterinário Universitário (HVU) da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM). Após cultura e identificação bacteriana, os isolados foram submetidos ao teste de sensibilidade aos antimicrobianos, cujos resultados evidenciaram elevados percentuais de resistência frente à amoxicilina (60,4%) e penicilina G (60,4%), moderada resistência às sulfonamidas potencializadas (29,9%), enrofloxacina (20,1%), ciprofloxacina (18,8%) e azitromicina (17,5%) e baixos percentuais de resistência à associação amoxicilina e ácido clavulânico (1,9%), cefalexina (1,9%), cefadroxil (1,9%) e vancomicina (0,6%). A multirresistência foi detectada em 23,4% e a resistência à meticilina em 5,8% das amostras. Pode-se concluir que os isolados de Staphylococcus spp. apresentam elevada suscetibilidade aos antimicrobianos comumente utilizados no tratamento dos piodermas superficiais em cães no HVU-UFSM, como a cefalexina e a amoxicilina associada ao ácido clavulânico, confirmando a eleição desses fármacos para o tratamento de cães com esta afecção. A suscetibilidade dos isolados frente às fluoroquinolonas, também recomendadas pela literatura como opção terapêutica nos piodermas, permite sugerir que esses fármacos não devem ser considerados na seleção empírica. A identificação de Staphylococcus spp. multirresistentes na população canina estudada justifica análises bacteriológicas periódicas e regionais de lesões cutâneas de cães com pioderma superficial, a fim de minimizar resistência bacteriana, possíveis falhas terapêuticas e também motiva a antimicrobianoterapia prudente.
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Rydén, Ernst. "Betryckta människor : Hur Ivar Lo-Johansson beskriver könssjukdomarna i Kungsgatan och hur detta mottas i pressen hösten 1935." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för kultur och estetik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-170271.
Full textAbstract:
I denna uppsats har jag undersökt hur den svenska arbetarförfattaren Ivar Lo-Johansson (1901–1990) beskriver könssjukdomar i romanen Kungsgatan (1935). Lo-Johansson smittades själv av gonorré i början av 1930-talet och kände därför som författare att han hade ett syfte att göra detta ämne lite mindre tabu. Han skulle dock inte berätta om sin sjukdom för någon under denna tid. En stor del av uppsatsen kommer ägnas åt hur romanen mottogs i den samtida pressen. Jag har försökt bevisa – tvärtemot vad som flera litteraturvetare och även författaren själv gjort tidigare – att romanen inte kan klassas som en skandalroman som fick uteslutande negativ kritik på grund av dess två huvudteman prostitution och könssjukdomar. Den vanligaste åsikten bland litteraturkritiker var att romanen generellt kraftigt borde kortats ner innan utgivning.In this paper, I have analyzed how the Swedish proletarian writer Ivar Lo-Johansson (1901–1990) describes venereal diseases in his novel Kungsgatan (1935). Lo-Johansson contracted gonorrhea during the early 1930s, and because of this, he felt he had a social purpose as an author to make this subject a little less taboo. He would not, however, reveal his case for anybody during this period. A significant part of this paper will be dedicated to the initial critical reception of Kungsgatan. I have tried to prove – in contrast to previous scholars, even the author himself – that the novel in the beginning wasn’t regarded as scandalous by most literary critics, nor it wasn't criticized because of its main themes: prostitution and venereal diseases. Rather, the most common opinion by critics was that the novel in general should have been shortened down heavily before publication.
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Armstrong, Angela. "Dermoscopy : An Evidence-Based Approach for the Early Detection of Melanoma." UNF Digital Commons, 2011. http://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/382.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this project was to evaluate the effectiveness of a practice-based dermoscopy training program for dermatology healthcare providers in order to improve their technique of performing clinical skin exams for the early detection of melanomas. The overall incidence of melanoma continues to rise. More than 75% of all skin cancer deaths are from melanoma. Advanced melanoma spreads to lymph nodes and internal organs and can result in death. One American dies from melanoma almost every hour (American Cancer Society [ACS], 2009). Early diagnosis and excision are essential to reduce morbidity and to improve patient survival. This one-group before-and-after study design utilized a convenience sample of three dermatology healthcare providers (DHPs). The primary investigator conducted a retrospective review of the pathology logs for each provider. The time frame for the review was a three-month period in 2010, which represented the same time frame that the study was conducted in 2011. The DHPs participated in a four-hour training workshop that included pattern analysis recognition using dermoscopy. Following the workshop, each DHP was given a DermLite 3Gen DL100 to use in practice when performing clinical skin examinations. All DHPs completed a data collection sheet to document their pattern of decision making with and without a DermLite. The outcome of interest was the use of dermoscopy by DHPs to demonstrate an increased detection of melanoma when compared to naked-eye examination. The outcome was evaluated 12 weeks postworkshop training. There were 120 evaluations made with the DermLite as compared to the naked eye. The overall agreement was 0.52, AC1 coefficient (95% CI) was 0.36 (0.30, 0.42), p < .001, and kappa coefficient (95% CI) was 0.27 (0.20, 0.43), p < .001. Overall, the risk of lesion under exam being suspicion for skin cancer was higher on 27.5% (33 out of 120) of the evaluations and lower on 20.8% (25 out of 120) evaluations. The risk of lesion was evaluated the same on 51.7% (62 out of 120) of the evaluations. This is an indication of “Poor” agreement between the two methods. The diagnosis and disposition made using DermLite compared to naked-eye results for both coefficients provided an “Intermediate to Good” agreement between the two methods in assigning diagnosis and disposition. This indicates that there is no difference between DermLite and naked-eye evaluations. More studies are needed in order to provide better evidence on the value of dermoscopy in clinical practice at the Dermatology and Laser Center. Future projects should be more explicit regarding the methods used and lesion selection in order to better understand the benefits of dermoscopy.
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Ahmed, Refat Maggi. "Improving the Success of Melanocyte Keratinocyte Transplantation Surgery in Vitiligo; The Role of JAK Inhibitors, and Ablative Laser Resurfacing." eScholarship@UMMS, 2021. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/1143.
Full textAbstract:
The Melanocyte Keratinocyte Transplantation Procedure (MKTP) is an effective surgical replacement of lost melanocytes in recalcitrant vitiligo and pigmentary skin disorders. However, it is only effective in stable vitiligo lesions because active autoimmunity destroys the newly transplanted melanocytes. Despite careful selection of candidates based on the reported clinical stability, the success of the procedure is still unpredictable. MKTP candidates with non-segmental, segmental, and mixed vitiligo, as well as hypopigmented scars and Piebaldism patients were enrolled to our studies. Our aim was first, to investigate the possible immunological mechanisms responsible for the unpredictable post- transplantation outcomes, including T cell subsets and inflammatory chemokines, by correlating these biomarkers with clinical phenotypes, duration of stability, and surgical outcomes. We used suction blister biopsy, a minimally invasive technique that we developed to sample human skin. Moreover, we quantified transplanted melanocytes in the suspension using flow cytometry. Following MKTP, we corelated these biomarkers to the repigmentation score. We found that CD8+ T cells remain in some clinically stable vitiligo lesions, correlate negatively with the post-surgical score of repigmentation, and inversely impact the durability of the responses. Interestingly, the number of transplanted melanocytes in the suspension and the duration of stability do not have prognostic roles. Based on our findings and in a second group of patients, we suppressed the activity of T cells to enhance the outcomes of MKTP. We used Ruxolitinib, JAK1/2 inhibitor, in a triple blinded randomized controlled within subject study, in comparison with Tacrolimus (a calcineurin inhibitor and the standard of care treatment in vitiligo) as well as placebo control. We found lower T cell infiltrate, lower chemokines, and better skin repigmentation in lesions treated with MKTP plus Ruxolitinib or Tacrolimus than in lesions treated with MKTP plus placebo. Lastly, we compared two different types of laser in preparation of the recipient skin for MKTP - ablative versus fractional Er:YAG laser. We found that the ablative laser is combined with minimal CD8+ T cell epidermal infiltrate and superior repigmentation score in comparison to more infiltrate and lower repigmentation score with the fractional laser. Taken together, these results from our studies provide novel insight to predict the optimal surgical candidates and will improve surgical outcomes. It advances the treatment of vitiligo by uncovering the impact of autoimmunity on the success of repigmentation and discovering new approaches to optimize the surgical treatment options in patients with vitiligo and pigmentary skin disorders.
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Dinh, Kate H. "Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Elderly Patients with Intermediate Thickness Melanoma: A Masters Thesis." eScholarship@UMMS, 2015. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/778.
Full textAbstract:
Background: A landmark study suggested that wide excision of intermediate-thickness melanoma with sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) and subsequent completion lymph node dissection (CLND) for regional disease may improve prognostication and disease-free survival (DFS) compared with those undergoing wide excision alone. However, these benefits were relatively small and not associated with an improvement in disease-specific survival (DSS). It remains unknown if SLNB and subsequent treatments are beneficial in elderly patients who have a decreased overall (OS) due to other causes.
Methods: Adults ≥ 70 years of age, who underwent surgical intervention for intermediate-thickness cutaneous melanoma from 2000-2013 were identified from a prospectively-maintained database. Clinicopathologic variables measured included age, gender, anatomic site, histologic type, tumor thickness, ulceration, receipt and result of SLNB, completion of CLND, OS, and DFS.
Results: Ninety-one patients underwent excision of an intermediate-thickness melanoma. Forty-nine patients (54%) received a SLNB. Seven of these biopsies (14%) were positive, and five patients went on to receive CLND. Five-year OS was 41% in patients who did not receive SLNB and 52% in patients who did receive SLNB (p=0.11). DFS was similar between groups independent of receipt of SLNB.
Conclusion: Among elderly patients with intermediate-thickness melanoma, patients who received SLNB had similar 5-year OS and DFS compared with those who did not receive SLNB. Routine SLNB for intermediate-thickness melanoma patients may not significantly change outcomes for this age group, and clinical decision-making should consider individual patient comorbidities and goals of care.
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Dinh, Kate H. "Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Elderly Patients with Intermediate Thickness Melanoma: A Masters Thesis." eScholarship@UMMS, 2005. http://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/778.
Full textAbstract:
Background: A landmark study suggested that wide excision of intermediate-thickness melanoma with sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) and subsequent completion lymph node dissection (CLND) for regional disease may improve prognostication and disease-free survival (DFS) compared with those undergoing wide excision alone. However, these benefits were relatively small and not associated with an improvement in disease-specific survival (DSS). It remains unknown if SLNB and subsequent treatments are beneficial in elderly patients who have a decreased overall (OS) due to other causes.
Methods: Adults ≥ 70 years of age, who underwent surgical intervention for intermediate-thickness cutaneous melanoma from 2000-2013 were identified from a prospectively-maintained database. Clinicopathologic variables measured included age, gender, anatomic site, histologic type, tumor thickness, ulceration, receipt and result of SLNB, completion of CLND, OS, and DFS.
Results: Ninety-one patients underwent excision of an intermediate-thickness melanoma. Forty-nine patients (54%) received a SLNB. Seven of these biopsies (14%) were positive, and five patients went on to receive CLND. Five-year OS was 41% in patients who did not receive SLNB and 52% in patients who did receive SLNB (p=0.11). DFS was similar between groups independent of receipt of SLNB.
Conclusion: Among elderly patients with intermediate-thickness melanoma, patients who received SLNB had similar 5-year OS and DFS compared with those who did not receive SLNB. Routine SLNB for intermediate-thickness melanoma patients may not significantly change outcomes for this age group, and clinical decision-making should consider individual patient comorbidities and goals of care.
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Beaudenon, Sylvie. "Clonage moleculaire et caracterisation du genome de quatre papillomavirus humains associes a des lesions benignes ou a des neoplasies des muqueuses." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066048.
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Rodriguez-Macias, Wallberg Kenny A. "Artery Wall Imaging and Effects of Postmenopausal Estrogen Therapy." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-5722.
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Kubin, M. (Minna). "Glucocorticoid receptors in inflammatory skin diseases:the effect of systemic and topical glucocorticoid treatment on the expression of GRα and GRβ." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2016. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526214023.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Glucocorticoids are the most important and widely used treatment modality in dermatology. A large variety of topical as well as systemic preparations is available. Most patients treated with glucocorticoids respond quickly to the treatment, but some are considered insensitive or even resistant to glucocorticoid therapy. Currently, there is no known measurable variable, through which the response can be predicted. Glucocorticoids mediate their actions through glucocorticoid receptors (GR). Several isoforms of GR exist, but the α (GRα) and β (GRβ) isoforms are clinically the most important. Based on previous studies, it has been proposed that the abundance of GR isoforms or the GRβ: GRα –ratio could affect individual responsiveness to corticosteroid treatment. In particular, up-regulation of GRβ expression has been shown to be linked to resistance to corticosteroid treatment. This thesis comprises three sub-studies. Firstly, we wanted to determine whether GRα and GRβ are expressed in inflammatory skin diseases. Secondly, we examined if the expression is altered by corticosteroid treatment in eczema atopicum, bullous pemphigoid and psoriasis. Finally, we measured the effects of a topical vitamin D3 analogue (calcipotriol) combined with betamethasone compared with betamethasone monotherapy on inflammatory biomarkers of psoriasis. Our studies provide detailed novel data about the expression of GRα and GRβ. GRα and GRβ were shown to be expressed in the blood lymphocytes and lesional skin of patients with eczema atopicum, bullous pemphigoid and psoriasis, as well as in the skin of patients with eczema nummulare, lichen simplex chronicus and lichen ruber planus. Systemic corticosteroid treatment was shown to affect the expression of GRα and GRβ in eczema atopicum and bullous pemphigoid, but the inconsistent variation in their expression between patients prevented us from drawing firm conclusions. Neither GRα nor GRβ as a single marker were found to be a suitable predictor of corticosteroid responsiveness. Clinical and laboratory analyses showed that topical treatment of psoriasis with calcipotriol/betamethasone combination ointment is more beneficial measured by both than betamethasone monotherapyTiivistelmä Glukokortikoideja (”kortisoni”) käytetään tulehduksellisten ihotautien hoidossa paikallisesti tai systeemisenä lääkkeenä. Suurin osa potilaista reagoi hoitoon nopeasti, mutta osalla hoitovaste on heikompi tai ilmenee hitaasti. Tällä hetkellä ei tunneta keinoja ennustaa luotettavasti kortisonihoidon vastetta. Glukokortikoidit vaikuttavat elimistössä glukokortikoidireseptorien (GR) kautta. Glukokortikoidireseptorista tunnetaan useita alatyyppejä, joista tärkeimmät ovat α (GRα) ja β (GRβ). Aiemman tiedon pohjalta on pidetty mahdollisena, että GR-alatyyppien suhteella tai määrällä on merkitystä kortisonivasteen syntymisessä. Erityisesti on arveltu, että ylimäärä GRβ:aa voisi estää kortisonihoidon vaikutusta. Tässä väitöskirjassa tavoitteena on ollut selvittää, tapahtuuko GR-alatyyppien ilmenemisessä muutoksia tulehduksellisia ihosairauksia sairastavilla potilailla sekä tutkia, miten kortisonihoito vaikuttaa GR-tasoihin atooppista ihottumaa, pemfigoidia ja psoriaasia sairastavilla potilailla. Lisäksi olemme verranneet paikallishoitoa pelkällä kortisonivoiteella D-vitamiinijohdos kalsipotriolin ja kortisonin yhdistelmähoitoon psoriaatikoilla. Tutkimus on antanut uutta yksityiskohtaista tietoa GRα:n ja GRβ:n esiintymisestä ihossa ja tulehdussoluissa ihosairauksia sairastavilla potilailla. Tutkimustulosten perusteella voidaan todeta, että GRα ja GRβ esiintyvät atooppista ihottumaa, pemfigoidia ja psoriaasia sairastavien potilaiden ihossa ja veren tulehdussoluissa sekä nummulaari-ihottumaa, neurodermatiittia ja punajäkälää sairastavien potilaiden ihossa. Suun kautta annettu kortisonihoito vaikuttaa GRα- ja GRβ–lähetti-RNA:n ilmenemiseen, mutta potilaskohtaiset erot ovat suuret, eikä kumpikaan, GRα tai GRβ, sovellu yksinään ennustamaan kortisonihoidon vastetta. Paikallisella kortisonihoidolla D-vitamiinijohdos kalsipotrioliin yhdistettynä on suotuisampi vaikutus psoriaasin tulehduksellisiin välittäjäaineisiin ja tulehdussoluihin kuin pelkällä paikallisella kortisonihoidolla
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"Venereal disease control in colonial Taiwan." 2009. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5896597.
Full textAbstract:
Wong, Ying Suet.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 120-131).
In English with some Chinese and Japanese; abstract also in Chinese.
Chapter Chapter One: --- Introduction --- p.3
Literature Review --- p.7
Structure --- p.10
Notes on Sources --- p.13
Chapter Chapter Two: --- Venereal Disease Policies in the Metropole and Their Colonies --- p.15
The Case of Britain --- p.16
VD Policy in the Metropole: The case of Britain --- p.16
VD Policy in the Colonies: The Case of Colonies under Britain --- p.23
The Case of Japan with Reference of Britain as the Pioneer Policy Maker --- p.28
Chapter Chapter Three: --- Venereal Disease control in the Metropole --- p.31
Legislation --- p.32
Institutions --- p.44
Education and Social Discussion --- p.49
Resistance --- p.55
VD control in the Japanese Military Force --- p.60
Summary --- p.67
Chapter Chapter Four: --- Venereal Disease Control in Colonial Taiwan --- p.70
Legislation --- p.72
Licensed prostitution system --- p.72
The VD Prevention Law --- p.79
Education and Social Discussion --- p.84
Before the VD Prevention Law in Japan in 1927 --- p.84
Education and Public Discussion of VD after the promulgation of the VD Prevention Law in 1927 --- p.90
The Changing Discourse of VD --- p.95
Summary --- p.100
Chapter Chapter Five: --- "Sex, Gender, Class, Race and Colonialism" --- p.101
Taiwanese Women´ةs image: Scapegoating --- p.101
Medical Development: State Medicine and Local Elites --- p.106
VD Control in the Military in Taiwan --- p.109
Summary --- p.111
Chapter Chapter Six: --- Conclusion --- p.114
Bibliography --- p.120
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"Improving diagnostic techniques for venereal diseases in bulls." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10388/ETD-2013-06-1085.
Full textAbstract:
Infectious disease continues to cause significant problems on reproductive efficiency in the cattle industry. The purpose of this project is to evaluate new testing strategies for Tritrichomonas foetus and Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis.
This thesis describes the result of three studies that evaluated the use of real-time PCR for the identification of Tritrichomonas foetus and Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis in carrier bulls. The first study evaluated the specificity of a real-time PCR test for T. foetus in individual culture enriched samples, and the sensitivity of the assay for use in pooled samples of up to 25 bulls. Specificity estimates were 98.8% (95% CI 97-99.4) and 100% (95% CI 98.9-100) for culture and real-time PCR, respectively. The sensitivity of the real-time PCR assay for pooled preputial samples was: 96.8% (83.8-99.4) for pool ratios 1/3 and 1/5; 93.5% (79.3-98.2) for pool ratios 1/2, 1/15, 1/20 and 1/25; and 90.3% (75.1-96.6), and were not significantly different. However, 13 of the 217 pools tested were negative and 9 of these negative testing pools contained the same positive sample. The media in this positive sample showed evidence of contamination and could potentially explain the failure to detect T. foetus.
The second study evaluated the sensitivity of a real-time PCR for the detection of T. foetus in individual and pooled direct preputial samples. Sensitivity of individual samples tested by culture, real-time PCR in direct and culture enriched samples were determined from 121 samples obtained from 9 infected bulls. Sensitivity estimates were: 95.0% (95% CI: 89.6% to 97.7%) for culture, 95.9% (95% CI: 90.7 to 98.2) for real-time PCR in cultured enriched samples, and 90.1% (95% CI: 83.5 to 94.2) for direct preputial samples and did not differ (P=0.12). Sensitivity estimates for direct pooled samples in groups of 5 or 10 were: 83.6% (95% CI: 75.6 to 89.4) and 77.3% (95% CI: 68.6-84.1), respectively and were not significantly different (P=0.08). The use of repeat sampling tested in pools by real-time PCR increased the sensitivity to 100% and 96% for 3 consecutive samples (pools of 5 or 10, respectively). The use of pooled direct preputial samples although sensitive, still requires the use of repeated sampling.
The third study determined the sensitivity and specificity of a recently developed real-time PCR (qPCR) tests for Cfv. A total of 300 virgin bulls were tested by both culture and qPCR. Specificity estimates were 85% (95% CI: 80.5 to 88.6) for qPCR and 100% (95% CI: 98.7 to 100) for culture, and were significantly different (P<0.01). A total of 4 naturally infected bulls and 9 artificially infected bulls were sampled serially to obtain positive samples for a sensitivity analysis. Sensitivity estimates and 95% confidence intervals are as follows: qPCR (85.4%, 95% CI: 80.6-89.2); direct culture on blood agar (82.3%, 95% CI: 77.2-86.5), DFAT (72.1%, 95% CI: 66.2-77.4), direct culture on Skirrow agar (32.7%, 95% CI: 27.2-38.7), TEM and blood agar (30%, 95% CI: 23.4-37.5), and TEM and Skirrow agar (38.1%, 95% CI: 31-45.9). The sensitivity of the different tests evaluated varied significantly with different ambient temperatures (P<0.01). The sensitivity of the qPCR was significantly higher than any other test when temperatures exceeded 5°C. The use of repeated sampling at weekly intervals significantly improved the sensitivity of the qPCR.
The real-time PCR assay for the detection of T. foetus in both individual and pooled samples appears to be highly sensitive and specific. Moreover, the possibility of using direct preputial samples provides a cost-effective diagnostic strategy. Real-time PCR in direct preputial samples for BGC diagnosis in bulls has good sensitivity and specificity. However, the use of repeated sampling maybe needed in order to maximize the ability to detect carrier bulls.
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Chen, Der-Bin, and 陳德斌. "Controlling Venereal Diseases-A Simple STM Equilibrium Model." Thesis, 1993. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/59618779250489462087.
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Kampf, Antje. "'To map out the "venereal wilderness"' : a history of venereal diseases and public health in New Zealand, 1920-1980." 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/2202.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis traces the public health debate about venereal disease in New Zealand from 1920, when the first venereal disease clinics were established, to 1980 before the first AIDS/HIV cases emerged. Studies of venereal disease in New Zealand have concentrated on issues of morality and on the political and social debates; this thesis focuses on treatment procedures and Health Department campaigns. The thesis explores the role of doctors in relation to venereal disease. While advancements in drug therapy benefited patients, medical authority was undermined by demanding and defaulting patients, inadequate medical education, and a low status of the profession. The medical profession developed epidemiological studies and defined 'at risk' groups in post-war decades. Despite claims to be 'scientific', the assessments were informed by stereotypes which had changed little over time. The thesis evaluates the scope of preventative health campaigns. Defined as a public health issue by the 1920s, venereal disease was seen as an individual responsibility by the 1960s. During this time the use of legislation declined, and education and contact tracing increased. The control of infection was limited owing to financial and administrative problems, defaulters and opposition from doctors. Those deemed most at risk were not reached by government educational campaigns, leaving much to the work of welfare groups and individual doctors. The health campaigns targeted groups like Maori and servicemen. The historiography has tended to overlook Maori, and, when military campaigns are discussed, to focus on females. This thesis attempts to redress the balance. Maori had, at least until the 1950s, different treatment experiences from non-Maori patients, although this did not necessarily imply discrimination. The military did attempt to control servicemen, though each Service had different experiences. This thesis stresses the complexity of the gender issue. There was a change from blaming females for infection in the early twentieth century to increasingly pointing to male responsibility. Despite these changes, even with the concept of individual risk pattern by the 1960s, and the understanding that men could be asymptomatic carriers, women were persistently seen as the 'reservoir'. A gender bias persisted.Note: Thesis now published. (2007) Kampf, Antje. Mapping Out the Venereal Wilderness: Public Health and STD in New Zealand, 1920-1980. Berlin: Lit-Verlag. http://www.lit-verlag.de/isbn/3-8258-9765-9. Whole Document not available at the request of the author.
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Buwa, Lisa Valencia. "Biological activity of traditional medicinal plants used against venereal diseases in South Africa." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/8554.
Full textAbstract:
Throughout the history of mankind, many infectious diseases have been
treated with plant extracts. Venereal infections are one such group and are regarded
as conditions that are highly responsive to traditional treatment. Aqueous, ethanol
and ethyl acetate extracts of 13 plants used in South Africa for the treatment of
venereal diseases were screened for in vitro antibacterial, antifungal, mutagenic and
antimutagenic activities.
Antibacterial activity was evaluated using the disc-diffusion and microdilution
assays to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of the extracts.
The extracts were tested against the Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis and
Staphylococcus aureus, and the Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli and
Klebsiella pneumoniae. Among the plants tested, Gunnera perpensa, Harpephyllum
caffrum, Hypoxis latifolia and Ledebouria ovatifolia showed the best antibacterial
activity. The aqueous rhizome extract of Gunnera perpensa displayed good activity
against Gram-negative bacteria with an MIC value of 0.78 mg/ml, and against S.
aureus (0.78 mg/ml). Aqueous and ethanol extracts of H. caffrum bark were active
against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Hypoxis latifolia aqueous
corm extracts exhibited very good MIC values against K. pneumoniae (0.78 mg/ml),
E. coli and S. aureus (1.56 mg/ml). Ethanol and ethyl acetate bulb extracts of
Ledebouria ovatifolia displayed good activity against Bacillus subtilis bacteria with
MIC values of 0.78 mg/ml and 0.39 mg/ml respectively.
Antifungal activity was evaluated using the microdilution bioassay. Good
activity was shown by the ethanolic bark extracts of Bersama lucens and
Harpephyllum caffrum against Candida albicans. Only in the case of Harpephyllum
caffrum did aqueous extracts have activity against Candida albicans. In the Ames
test, all plant extracts showed a negative genotoxic response except for ethanol and
ethyl acetate bulb extracts of Cyrtanthus obliquus which induced mutations in TA98.
Moderate antimutagenic activity was observed with the ethyl acetate extract of G.
perpensa and the ethanolic extract of H. latifolia.
High antibacterial and antifungal activity detected with Harpephyllum caffrum
bark extracts resulted in an investigation on seasonal and geographical variation of
this inhibitory activity. Seasonal variation in antibacterial and antifungal activities was
investigated in order to determine the best collection time to ensure potential high
medicinal activity in plant preparations. The highest inhibitory activity was detected
with plant material collected in June and December 2003, with a decline in activity
when collections were made in September 2004. The chemical profiles of TLC
chromatograms were compared and little variation was found, particularly in the case
of plant material obtained from the Botanic Garden of the University of KwaZulu-Natal
and a 'Muthi' Shop in Pietermaritzburg.
Identification of active compounds from G. perpensa and H. caffrum was not
successful due to insufficient amounts of isolated fractions.Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, 2006.
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Mulaudzi, Rofhiwa Bridget. "Pharmacological evaluation of medicinal plants used by Venda people against venereal and related diseases." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/8663.
Full textAbstract:
Venereal diseases (VDs) are infections that are mainly transmitted through sexual intercourse and amongst these are gonorrhoea, syphilis, chlamydia and trichomoniasis. Gonorrhoea is the most commonly known VD and the widest spread contagious infection in the world. Out of 448 million cases of curable venereal infections, gonorrhoea represents 88 million cases and the rest are syphilis, chlamydia and trichomoniasis. Gonorrhoea has recently been rated as in the emergent multidrug resistance phase.
Venereal diseases are amongst the major diseases ravaging many rural communities. People infected with these diseases are considered a disgrace in the community. Indigenous populations, for example the Vha-Venda people tend to use medicinal plants to treat these infectious diseases rather than using western medicines. Vha-Venda people have depended on medicinal plants for their health and survival for millenia. In order to validate and give scientific credence to the use of medicinal plants by the Vha-Venda people for venereal diseases, several pharmacological assays were carried out.
The study was aimed at evaluating the; antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory activities, HIV-type 1 reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibition properties and to determine phenolic contents as well as evaluating the mutagenic properties of, 12 medicinal plants used by the Vha-Venda people against venereal and related diseases. An attempt was also made toward isolating and identification of the most active compounds from some extracts that were active against Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
Twelve medicinal plants and various plant parts, Adansonia digitata (bark), Acacia karroo (bark), Aloe chabaudii (roots), Bolusanthus speciosus (leaves, bark and stem), Ekebergia capensis (leaves and bark), Elephantorrhiza burkei (roots), Grewia occidentalis (roots), Osyris lanceolata (roots), Pappea capensis (leaves), Peltophorum africanum (bark), Pterocarpus angolensis (leaves and bark) and Ximenia caffra (leaves and roots) were evaluated for their antimicrobial properties against two Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus), three Gram-negative (Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia) bacteria and the fungus Candida albicans. The plant materials were extracted with petroleum ether (PE), dichloromethane (DCM), 80% ethanol (EtOH) and water. Methanol was used for extracting materials for phenolic contents and HIV-1RT assays. The Disc diffusion method was used to determine gonococcal percentage inhibition and a microdilution assay was used to determine minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentrations (MFC).
Bolusanthus speciosus and X. caffra extracts exhibited the best antigonococcal, antifungal and antibacterial activities whilst A. digitata and A. chabaudii showed poor activities. The medicinal plants were also evaluated for cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and -2) and HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibition activity. The DCM and PE extracts of A. digitata bark, B. speciosus bark, P. angolensis bark and P. capensis leaves showed good anti-inflammatory activity against both COX-1 and COX-2. Methanol and water extracts of B. speciosus stems, P. africanum bark, P. angolensis leaves and P. capensis leaves exhibited good anti-HIV-1 RT activity. A. chabaudii roots, E. capensis bark and O. lanceolata roots showed low HIV-1 RT percentage inhibition.
Phytochemical analysis using spectrophotometric methods revealed the presence of a variety of phenolic compounds in all the plant extracts including total phenolics, flavonoids, gallotannins and condensed tannins. High levels of total phenolics, flavonoids, gallotannins and condensed tannins were detected in X. caffra. Low amounts of flavonoids, gallotannins and condensed tannins were detected in B. speciosus.
The Ames test using Salmonella typhimurium tester strain TA98 with and without S9 metabolic activation revealed that all plant extracts were non-mutagenic toward S. typhimurium strains TA98 without metabolic activation. However, E. burkei roots and E. capensis bark showed mutagenic effects toward TA98 after metabolic activation. Therefore, these two plants need to be used with caution, however more studies are required to confirm this result.
Good antimicrobial activity observed in X. caffra leaves prompted an attempt to isolate active compounds. A pure compound from X. caffra leaves exhibited moderate activity (63%) against N. gonorrhoeae. However, the structure of the compound has as yet to be ratified.
Pharmacological activity of the twelve medicinal plants used by Vha-Venda people against venereal and related diseases were validated in this study. The results obtained in this study give credence to the use of some of these plants. This study has further confirmed the need for screening these medicinal plants for more pharmacological activities. These plants may offer a new source of chemicals for the effective treatment of venereal and related diseases.Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2012.
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Hlela, Carol. "Human T cell lymphotropic virus 1 associated infective dermatitis in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/2530.
Full textAbstract:
Background
Human T cell Lymphotropic Virus Type I (HTLV-I) associated infective dermatitis, first
described by Sweet in Jamaican children, is a pattern of eczema characterized by
exudation, crusting around the nostrils, ears and scalp with eventual appearance of a
generalized fine papular rash. More recently LeGranade and co-workers have proposed major and minor criteria in establishing the diagnosis of HTLV-I associated infective
dermatitis (HAID).
HTLV-I has been aetiologically linked to Adult T cell leukaemia/lymphoma (ATLL) and tropical spastic paraparesis (TSP). HAID is not only a marker of childhood infection with HTLV-I but may be a harbinger of more serious HTLV-I associated diseases later on in life such as ATLL or TSP. The pathogenesis of HAID is poorly understood so are the histopathological features of this entity. The effects of co-infection with human
immunodeficiency virus- 1 (HIV-1) are inconclusive.
HAID is described in Sub Saharan Africa, Senegal but no data is published on this entity in Southern Africa, characterizing the clinical, laboratory features and the histopathology
of this entity.
Aims and Objectives
1) To describe the clinical and histological features of HTLV-I associated infective
dermatitis in KZN, South Africa
2) To determine the virological characteristics of HTLV-I in KZN, South Africa
3) To assess for HTLV-I / HIV co-infection
Methods
This was a prospective study of all patients with HAID who presented to King Edward VIII hospital (KEH), outpatient department over a period of 42 months. These were
patients who fulfilled the clinical criteria of HAID. Enrolled patients were subjected to a
confirmatory HTLV-I serology testing. Demographic data was obtained from all HTLV-I
seropositive patients. Their clinical examination included dermatological, neurological
and pathological examination. A blood count, immunoglobulin levels, serum protein
electrophoresis measuring albumin levels and globulin fractions were measured. For
bacteriological assessment skin swabs were taken from the affected sites with stool
samples examined for parasites, ova and cysts.
The HIV-1 status together with HIV-1 viral load were determined on those enrolled. The
CD4 count, CD8 counts and CD4/CD8 ratio were also calculated. Skin biopsies were
taken for histological examination. PCR for HTLV subtyping was performed on a subset of the cohort.
Results
Demography
Of the 60 patients recruited, 33 fulfilled criteria for HAID. The majority of patients fell
between age categories of 6 to lOyears. The male to female ratio was 1:1. There were
more females in the adult group than there were within the childhood group. All of the
patients in our cohort were African.
Clinical features
The lesions were erythematous, scaly, exudative, and crusted in all cases. The distribution
of lesions was as follows: scalp (77.4%), retroauricular areas (71%), the axilla (65%) and
paranasal areas (58%) were the sites more commonly affected. Nasal crusting was not a
significant feature in this series.
Bacteriology
Culture was positive for Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) in 90%, with streptococcal
group of organisms found in 68% of the skin swabs taken from the lesional skin.
Haematological
Our patients were mildly anaemic as has been shown in previous studies. They had a mean Hb of 11.5g/dl. In 12 of the 14 patients tested, the erythrocyte sedimentation rate
(ESR) was elevated. Serum protein electrophoresis and levels of Immunoglobulin A, G
and M were raised. The mean CD4 count in the entire group was elevated at 1730
cells/fil, CD8 was 1299 cells/ul
Histopathology
The major histological findings were as follows: 38% demonstrated a superficial and
deep perivascular inflammatory infiltrate, 28% had a superficial and deep perivascular
inflammatory infiltrate together with a lichenoid dermatitis, 12.9% had features of
superficial and deep inflammatory infiltrate with an interface dermatitis, 6.4% revealed features of seborrhoeic dermatitis.
Genotyping
Our patients were infected with the strains belonging to the Cosmopolitan, A Subtype (HTLV-Ia).
Complications
Complications were low in this series with the commonest being scabies in 6(18.1%), corneal opacities in 3(8.6%), 2(6 %) with HAM/TSP. No parasitic worm infestations
were isolated.
HIV/HTLV-I co-infection
Of the 33 patients, 9 (30 %) were co-infected with HIV. The mean viral load in this group was 52 000 copies/ml. Their mean CD4 count was also elevated at 1505cells/^il with a
CD8 of 1704 cells/Mi and a CD4/CD8 ratio of 1.15.
Discussion
Thirty three of the 60 patients enrolled met the diagnosis for HAID according to the
established criteria. The mean age in this series was 17 years (range: 8 months-46 years)however; almost a third (30.3%) were children under 12 years, reinforcing the entity as a
childhood infective condition.
There was an equal male female distribution in the childhood group and a female
predominance in the adult group.
Clinically patients presented with infected erythematous, scaly lesions mainly on the scalp, neck and post- auricular area. The clinical features were in keeping with other
series worldwide. The complication rate was low in our cohort.
S. aureus was the predominant organism in both anterior nares and lesional skin. The
most common histological pattern was superficial and deep perivascular inflammatory
infiltrate. The subtype in our series was the Cosmopolitan Subtype A (HTLV-Ia) as opposed to subtype B in Japan. We share with Brazil a common subtype.
A subset of our patients (30%) was co-infected with HIV. The CD4 cell count in this
subgroup was lower than the entire group but this was not statistically significant. The
histological patterns found in this subgroup infected with HIV were similar to the rest of the group except for a more intense eosinophilic infiltrate in these skin biopsy specimens.
Conclusion
HTLV-I associated infective dermatitis is distinct entity which affects the African population of KwaZulu Natal, South Africa. It is predominantly a disease of childhood
with an equal female to male ratio in children. The clinical features are an exudative,
erythematous scaly rash most commonly found involving the scalp, axillae, paranasal and
retroauricular areas. HTLV-I positivity is essential for the diagnosis; the Cosmopolitan
Subtype A is commonest in South Africa. The commonest histological pattern is a
superficial and deep perivascular infiltrate in 38%. A subset, 30%, was co-infected with
HIV.Thesis (M.Med.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2008.
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Moreira, Tiago João Henriques. "DeepSkinCare: integrated information system for dermatology care using deep learning." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/33656.
Full textAbstract:
Skin diseases, such as melanoma and non-melanoma cancer, have increased
significantly over the last decade. Fortunately, with the evolution of innovative
technologies, such as image analysis detection, diagnostic aid computers
(CAD systems) and self-vigilance applications, (targeted to detect
skin diseases) have emerged exponentially. This dissertation aims to build
an integrated medical information system targeting dermatological health,
involving an artificial intelligence tool, to assist in the deification of skin
diseases. The intelligent tool, based on deep learning methods, was developed
in previous academic works under the project DeepSKinCare, where
they show promising results for skin cancer detection. For this intelligent
tool to be introduced into the dermatological working world, an integrated
information system is developed. This system is targeted at two main actors:
the dermatologist and the patient. Thus, this system is composed of
two software applications. The one on the patient side is based on a client-server
architecture in which the main functionality of the client (mobile app)
is to take photos of skin moles and send them to the server (general-purpose
computer). In case of any suspicious condition, the patient should, without
delay, send the specific image to the server, so that their dermatologist can
follow up the case. The dermatologist-side application works as a complementary
diagnostic tool to assess skin cancer risk, intending to function as
a decision support tool and access to clinical data belonging to patients
(interaction through a screen web-based portal, which is also based on a
client-server architecture). The tasks performed by the server include serving
the needs of both the actors and their software, archiving medical data
and running the computationally demanding algorithms on the images sent
by the patient. In this way, the server is able to create a clinical support
diagnosis for the dermatologist. At the end of the development, a proof of
concept of the whole integrated system is carried out, thus ensuring that
all the software works and meets its objectives.As doenças de pele, tais como melanoma e cancro não melanoma, aumentaram significativamente durante a última década. Felizmente, com a evolução de tecnologias inovadoras, tais como a deteção por análise de imagem, computadores de ajuda ao diagnostico (sistemas CAD) e aplicações de autovigilância (destinadas a detetar doenças de pele), surgiram exponencialmente. Esta dissertação visa construir um sistema integrado de informação médica direcionado para a saúde dermatológica, envolvendo uma ferramenta de inteligência artificial, para ajudar na identificação de doenças de pele. A ferramenta inteligente, baseada em métodos de aprendizagem profunda, foi desenvolvida em trabalhos académicos anteriores sob o projeto DeepSkinCare, onde apresentam resultados promissores para a deteção do cancro da pele. Para que esta ferramenta inteligente seja introduzida no mundo de trabalho dermatológico, é desenvolvido um sistema de informação integrado. Este sistema é direcionado para dois atores principais: o dermatologista e o paciente. Assim, este sistema é composto por duas aplicações de software. A do lado do paciente baseia-se numa arquitetura cliente-servidor em que a principal funcionalidade do cliente (aplicação móvel) é tirar fotografias de sinais de pele e enviá-las para o servidor (computador de uso geral). Em caso de qualquer condição suspeita, o paciente deve, sem demora, enviar a imagem específica para o servidor, para que o seu dermatologista possa acompanhar o caso. A aplicação do lado do dermatologista funciona como uma ferramenta de diagnóstico complementar para avaliar o risco de cancro da pele, pretendendo funcionar como uma ferramenta de apoio à decisão e acesso a dados clínicos pertencentes aos pacientes (interação através de um portal baseado na web, que também se baseia numa arquitetura cliente-servidor). As tarefas desempenhadas pelo servidor incluem servir as necessidades tanto dos atores como do seu software, arquivamento de dados médicos e a execução dos algoritmos computacionalmente exigentes sobre as imagens enviadas pelo paciente. Desta forma, o servidor consegue criar um diagnóstico de apoio clínico para o dermatologista. No final do desenvolvimento, é feita uma prova de conceito de todo o sistema integrado, garantindo assim que todo o software funciona e cumpre os seus objetivos.
Mestrado em Engenharia Informática
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Alpalhão, Miguel Duarte Botas 1992. "Dermatological emergencies : one year data analysis of 8620 patients in a portuguese tertiary teaching hospital." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/29261.
Full textAbstract:
Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2016Background: Skin conditions frequently motivate Emergency Department(ED) visits. While most are benign in course, some will present as true dermatological urgencies/emergencies, requiring admission. Objective: To present data on the skin diseases most frequently found in the ED, and those most frequently requiring admission at a Portuguese tertiary teaching hospital. To explore association between epidemiological variables and frequency of diagnoses in this context. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted, including all patients observed during 2012 in the Dermatology Emergency Consultation (DEC), in Hospital de Santa Maria (HSM) Lisbon, Portugal. Association between epidemiological variables (gender and age of patients, and season of the year) and frequency of diagnoses was searched. Results: 8620 patients were observed by a dermatologist during 2012, in the ED, constituting 3.9% of all ED Consults in HSM. Overall, 333 diagnoses were made, the most frequent of which was Eczema Non-Otherwise-Specified (9.4%). However, infectious and parasitic diseases constituted the leading motive for DEC visit (31.5%). Only 264 patients were admitted, with 65 diagnoses motivating admission. Nine diagnoses alone constituted 60% of all motives for admission: Cellulitis (20.5%), Erysipelas (7.5%), Drug Induced Eruption (7.1%), Psoriasis (6.3%), Bullous Pemphigoid (4.3%), Erythroderma (4.3%), Lymphoma (3.5%), Herpes Zoster (2.8%) and Eczema (2.4%). Infectious and parasitic diseases constituted the leading cause to admission (34.7%). Association between frequency of diagnoses and gender, age, and season of the year was found. Conclusion: Despite the variety of dermatologic pathologies, only a restrict group of diseases is responsible for most of the true dermatological urgencies/emergencies. Therefore, where a dermatologist isn’t readily available, knowledge on these entities, as well as the demographic and environmental data, may add to the management of these patients.
Introdução: As dermatoses constituem uma causa frequente de recurso aos Serviços de Urgência (SU). Apesar de a maioria destas situações não ser potencialmente grave, alguns casos constituem verdadeiras urgências/emergências, necessitando de internamento. Objectivos: Apresentar dados sobre as dermatoses mais frequentes no SU de um hospital terciário universitário em Lisboa, bem como aquelas que mais frequentemente necessitam de internamento. Explorar a associação entre variáveis epidemiológicas e a frequência dos diagnósticos, neste contexo. Métodos: Conduziu-se um estudo retrospectivo, incluindo todos os doentes observados na Consulta de Urgências de Dermatologia (CUD), durante o ano de 2012, no Hospital de Santa Maria em Lisboa. Procurou-se associação estatística entre variáveis epidemio-demográficas e a frequência de diagnósticos. Resultados: Em 2012, 8620 pacientes foram observados por um Dermatologista, no SU, constituindo 3.9% de todos os episódios do SU. No total, encontraram-se 333 diagnósticos diferentes, sendo o mais frequente o Eczema Sem Outra Especificação (9.4%). Contudo, as causas infecciosas constituiram o principal motivo de recurso às CUD (31.5%). Apenas 264 pacientes foram internados, com 65 diagnósticos a motivar internamento. Nove diagnósticos foram responsáveis por 60% dos internamentos: Celulite (20.5%), Erisipela (7.5%), Toxidermia (7.1%), Psoríase (6.3%), Penfigóide Bulhoso (4.3%), Eritrodermia (4.3%), Linfoma (3.5%), Herpes Zoster (2.8%) e Eczema (2.4%). As causas infecciosas constituiram o principal motivo de internamento (34.7%). Encontrou-se associação entre o género e idade do doente, e estação do ano, e a frequência dos diagnósticos. Conclusões: Apesar da diversidade de dermatoses encontrada nos SU, apenas um grupo restrito de patologias constitui verdadeiras urgências dermatológicas. Assim, onde não existam dermatologistas disponíveis para avaliar estes doentes, o reconhecimento destas entidades, bem como a ponderação de variáveis epidemiológicas simples, pode auxiliar na orientação diagnóstica e terapêutica destes doentes.
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Callovi, Lucas Gastón. "Comparación de toracoscopía inicial en relación a pleurotomía en pacientes pediátricos con derrame pleural." Doctoral thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11086/20373.
Full textAbstract:
Tesis (Doctor en Medicina y Cirugía) - - Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, 2021Objetivo: Comparar resultados de la toracoscopía inicial en relación a pleurotomía en el tratamiento de pacientes pediátricos con derrame pleural en el Hospital Pediátrico del Niño Jesús de la ciudad de Córdoba durante el período 2010-2017. Material y Métodos: estudio retrospectivo, observacional, analítico, de evaluación de impacto. Muestra: n=85, pacientes atendidos en el Servicio de Cirugía del Hospital Pediátrico del Niño Jesús con diagnóstico de neumonía con derrame pleural e indicación de tratamiento quirúrgico, período: 2010-2017. En dos grupos: Grupo A (n=25): Pleurotomía (2010-2013). Grupo B (n=60): Toracoscopía (2014-2017). Se incluyeron: edad 1 mes a 15 años; con indicación de tratamiento quirúrgico (ambas técnicas: toracoscopía o pleurotomía). Se excluyeron: internaciones previas por neumonía con derrame, antecedente de cirugía previa de tórax; comorbilidades previas (enfermedad crónica/inmunodeficiencias). Resultados: del total casos analizados en dos grupos hallamos que la edad media fue de 4,64±3,03 años (r:0,8-14) con leve predominio del masculino (53%), sin diferencias significativas; tampoco para peso y antecedentes. Se observó que la mayoría no presentaba antecedentes de comorbilidades (61%). Que los motivos de consulta predominantes fueron fiebre (75%), tos (7%) y dificultad respiratoria (6%) para todos pNS. El 50% de los casos no tuvo tratamiento antibiótico previo (pNS). El foco neumónico se observó en lóbulo inferior (56%), 13% unilaterales con más de un lóbulo y 2,35% bilaterales. Días de internación promedio 11,06±7,10 días (toracoscopía p=0,0128). Radiografías promedio 7,06±4,87 (toracoscopía p=0,0342). Tiempo de drenaje pleural promedio 4,86±5,98 días (3,58 toracoscopía vs 7,92 pleurotomía; p=0,0019); Rotación de antibióticos 36% (toracoscopía 76%; p=0,0001). Reintervenciones 10% (pNS). Conclusiones: las variables demográficas y clínicas no mostraron diferencias; sin embargo, las variables de evolución: días de internación; cantidad de telerradiografías en la internación; no rotación de antibióticos y tiempo de drenaje pleural fueron significativas para toracoscopía. Por los resultados obtenidos sugerimos que las toracoscopía formen parte de la práctica habitual en nuestros hospitales y se incluya en la formación de cirujanos pediátricos.
Objective: To compare the results of the initial thoracoscopy in relation to pleurotomy in the treatment of pediatric patients with pleural effusion at the Hospital Pediátrico del Niño Jesús in the city of Córdoba during the period 2010-2017. Material and Methods: retrospective, observational, analytical, impact evaluation study. Sample: n = 85, patients treated in the Surgery Service of the Hospital Pediátrico del Niño Jesús with a diagnosis of pneumonia with pleural effusion and indication for surgical treatment, period: 2010-2017. In two groups: Group A (n = 25): Pleurotomy (2010-2013). Group B (n = 60): Thoracoscopy (2014-2017). The following were included: age 1 month to 15 years; with indication of surgical treatment (both techniques: thoracoscopy or pleurotomy). The following were excluded: previous hospitalizations for pneumonia with effusion, history of previous chest surgery; previous comorbidities (chronic disease / immunodeficiencies). Results: of the total cases analyzed in two groups, we found that the mean age was 4.64±3.03 years (r:0.8-14) with a slight predominance of males (53%), without significant differences; neither for weight and background. It was observed that the majority did not present a history of comorbidities (61%). That the predominant reasons for consultation were fever (75%), cough (7%) and respiratory distress (6%) for all pNS. 50% of the cases had no previous antibiotic treatment (pNS). The pneumonic focus was observed in the lower lobe (56%), 13% unilateral with more than one lobe and 2.35% bilateral. Average hospitalization days 11.06±7.10 days (thoracoscopy p=0.0128). Average radiographs 7.06±4.87 (thoracoscopy p=0.0342). Average pleural drainage time 4.86±5.98 days (3.58 thoracoscopy vs 7.92 pleurotomy; p=0.0019); Rotation of antibiotics 36% (thoracoscopy 76%; p=0.0001). Reinterventions 10% (pNS). Conclusions: demographic and clinical variables did not show differences; however, the evolution variables: days of hospitalization; number of teleradiographs in hospitalization; no rotation of antibiotics and time to pleural drainage were significant forthoracoscopy. Based on the results obtained, we suggest that thoracoscopy be part of the usual practice in our hospitals and included in the training of pediatric surgeons.
2023-04-23
Fil: Callovi, Lucas Gastón. Universidad nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas; Argentina.
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Le, Net Rozenn. "Épidémiologie et pathologie des dermatopathies chez les bélugas (Delphinapterus leucas) de l’estuaire du Saint-Laurent." Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/22606.
Full text
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Wilke, Annika. "Untersuchungen zur Evaluation der Wirksamkeit präventiver Interventionen in der Berufsdermatologie." Doctoral thesis, 2014. https://repositorium.ub.uni-osnabrueck.de/handle/urn:nbn:de:gbv:700-2014101312863.
Full textAbstract:
Aufgrund der hohen Prävalenz und Inzidenz von berufsbedingten Hauterkrankungen kommt wirksamen primär-, sekundär- und tertiärpräventiven Interventionen eine große Bedeutung zu. Die Beurteilung der Wirksamkeit ist Aufgabe der Evaluationsforschung, deren Güte sich an wissenschaftlichen, forschungsmethodischen Maßstäben und Kriterien bemisst.
Das Ziel der vorliegenden Dissertation ist es, durch drei Untersuchungen dazu beizutragen, bestehende Forschungslücken im Kontext der Wirksamkeitsevaluation von Präventionsmaßnahmen in der Berufsdermatologie zu schließen. Hierfür erfolgt eine Untersuchung und Systematisierung des aktuellen Forschungsstandes anhand theoretisch abgeleiteter Kriterien. Analysiert werden das Interventionsziel, die untersuchten Outcomeparameter, das Evaluationsdesign, die Erhebungszeitpunkte sowie die Objektivität, Reliabilität, Validität und Änderungssensitivität der Erhebungsmethode. Basierend auf diesen Analysen werden Forschungslücken abgeleitet und begründet. Dies bildet den theoretischen Rahmen dieser Dissertation. Die drei durchgeführten Untersuchungen zur Evaluation der Wirksamkeit von präventiven Interventionen werden in diesen theoretischen Rahmen eingeordnet und vor dem Hintergrund der identifizierten Forschungslücken der jeweilige Beitrag zum aktuellen Stand der Forschung begründet. Alle drei Untersuchungen weisen konkrete Zielformulierungen sowie darauf abgestimmte Outcomeparameter auf, die sowohl auf der biomedizinischen als auch auf der psychischen und sozialen Ebene verortet sind. Die besondere Stärke von Untersuchung I liegt in ihrem kontrollierten Studiendesign. Aufgrund der Anzahl und Auswahl der Erhebungszeitpunkte schließen die Untersuchungen I und II Forschungslücken hinsichtlich der Untersuchung der Nachhaltigkeit und des Verlaufs des Interventionseffektes. Untersuchung III zeichnet sich durch eine objektive, reliable, valide und änderungssensitive Erhebungsmethode aus. Aus den drei Untersuchungen sowie aus der vorliegenden Dissertation in ihrer Gesamtheit leiten sich zahlreiche Ansatzpunkte für Forschungsdesiderata ab. Es lässt sich subsumieren, dass es langfristig ausgerichteter Evaluationsstudien bedarf, die eine angemessenen Zahl an Einzelerhebungen einschließen und in deren Rahmen objektive, reliable, valide und änderungssensitive Erhebungsverfahren eingesetzt werden. Ferner sollte künftig vermehrt eine Systematisierung der bislang als äußerst heterogen zu charakterisierenden Outcomeparameter erfolgen, indem die Parameter in einem theoretisch begründeten Rahmen verortet werden. Diese Optimierungen der gegenwärtigen Evaluationskultur dienen nicht nur wissenschaftlich-theoretischen Zwecken, sondern tragen langfristig zur Verbesserung der Versorgungsstrukturen mit Blick auf die Primär-, Sekundär- und Tertiärprävention berufsbedingter Hauterkrankungen bei.