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Canale, Nathalie. "Étude des propriétés enzymatiques de la phosphoénolpyruvate carboxylase de Mil (Pennisetum glaucum (L. ) R. BR. ) soumis à diverses contraintes hydriques en conditions contrôlées." Paris 12, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA120035.
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L'activite de la phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (pepc ec. 4. 1. 1. 31) foliaire de deux cultivars de mil (pennisetum glaucum (l. ) r. Br. ), presumes sensible ou resistant a la secheresse, a ete suivie au cours d'une contrainte hydrique obtenue soit par suspension totale de l'arrosage, soit par apports d'eau controles. Dans le premier cas, le potentiel hydrique chute en moyenne d'une valeur initiale de 0,5 mpa, de 0,3 mpa par jour, dans le second, ce potentiel decroit regulierement de 0,1 mpa par jour pour atteindre dans les deux cas un potentiel de 2,3 mpa. La quantite et l'activite de la pepc a ph 7,2 et a ph 8 des plantes temoins diminuent respectivement de 35 et 40% en 11 jours, et de 65 et 80% en 26 jours. Chez les plantes contraintes, la quantite et l'activite de la pepc chutent respectivement de 45 et 65% apres 6 a 8 jours de suspension totale de l'arrosage. Apres 17 jours de deficit hydrique controle, celles-ci diminuent respectivement de 25 et 55%. L'activite specifique de l'enzyme calculee par rapport a la quantite de pepc dosee par immunotitration, ne varie pratiquement pas chez les plantes temoins et diminue de 30 a 50% chez les plantes contraintes. Le malate est un inhibiteur competitif de la pepc avec une constante d'inhibition ki de 2,3 mm a ph 7,2 et de 3,8 mm a ph 8. Au maximum de contrainte, ki est comprise entre 5 et 9 mm aux deux ph. Ainsi, les contraintes hydriques entrainent une diminution de la sensibilite de la pepc a l'inhibition par le malate ce qui implique une modification de la structure de l'enzyme. Apres arrosage a saturation des cultivars contraints, le potentiel hydrique retrouve sa valeur initiale en quelques heures. Une neosynthese de l'enzyme est mesurable des 5 heures apres rehydratation. L'activite specifique et ki pour le malate retrouvent des valeurs proches de leurs valeurs initiales. Les effets de la contrainte hydrique sur la pepc peuvent etre expliques par une proteolyse specifique differente de celle observee pendant la senescence des temoins arroses, et eventuellement par une modification de son etat de phosphorylation et/ou d'agregation
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Tewolde, Haile. "Seasonal gas exchange rates and growth of pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke); across a gradient of drought." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184684.
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Seasonal patterns of stomatal activity, plant-temperature-based drought stress indices, growth and grain yield of two pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke) parental lines and their F₁ hybrid were studied under a sprinkler irrigation gradient system in 1985 and 1986 in Tucson, Arizona. Physiological and morphological measurements of stressed and nonstressed plants were made periodically starting at the panicle initiation stage. Well-defined trends in stomatal conductance (Cg), transpiration (Tr), and photosynthetic (Pn) rates of nonstressed plants were observed over the seasons. Tr increased from 5ug H₂O cm⁻²s⁻¹ at early panicle development stage to a peak of up to 30 ug cm⁻²s⁻¹ at flowering and declined to 10 ug cm⁻²s⁻¹ at maturity. Pn of well-irrigated plants was highest (26 uMoles CO₂ m⁻²s⁻¹) at early flag leaf appearance stage and declined slowly to 14 uMoles m⁻²s⁻¹ at maturity. In extremely stressed plants, Cg, Tr and Pn were highest early in the seasons, lowest in the middle of the seasons, and slightly increased towards the end of the seasons. The seasonal trends in stomatal response depended on the stage of plant growth and vapor pressure deficit of the air. Transpiration efficiency was highest at partial stomatal closure. Morphologically, the F₁ hybrid was more like its male than its female parent. The female parent produced less dry matter, had thinner leaves and greater ratio of leaf to stem dry matter, and yielded less grain than the other genotypes. The results indicated that leaf:stem ratio can be a useful selection criterion of drought avoiding genotypes. Plants that develop stems and heads rapidly (low leaf:stem ratio) are more desirable under stress than plants that tend to become leafy. Decreases in Tr, Pn, dry matter and grain yield due to stress could be assessed with canopy or leaf temperature, canopy minus air or leaf minus air temperature, and crop (CWSI) or leaf (LWSI) water stress indices. CWSI and LWSI were more desirable in assessing stress than the other indices. CWSI is effective in assessing the magnitude of stress in a crop stand, while LWSI may be useful in situations where use of the infrared thermometer is difficult.
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Lestienne, Isabelle. "Contribution à l'étude de la biodisponibilité du fer et du zinc dans le grain de mil et conditions d'amélioration dans les aliments de complément." Montpellier 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON20166.
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Kebebew, Fassil. "The potential for improving salt tolerance in minor millets, Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke (pearl millet) and Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn (finger millet), and Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Torott." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.359218.
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Mitchell, Steven. "The improvement of birdseed millets (Panicum miliaceum L. and Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv.) for South-east Queensland /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2002. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18770.pdf.
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Koré-Oumarou, Harouna. "Les filières céréalières au Niger : étude des facteurs d'offre de mil chez les producteurs de la région du fleuve." Montpellier 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MON10058.
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A l'instar des autres pays saheliens , le niger connait de frequentes crises alimentaires. Les principaux facteurs incrimines sont la faible performance du systeme productif agricole et l'inadequation de certains choix en matiere de politique cerealiere. Dans ces conditions , une politique agricole mettant davantage a contribution les filieres cerealieres artisanales peut-elle aider a resorber la penurie en cereales. L'examen des deux systemes - cles de la filiere du mil apporte des elements de reponse a cette question. L'analyse des structures de production et des marches agricoles revele l'existence de tendances qui influencent l'offre de mil : - l'ouverture des exploitations agricoles aux marches des facteurs de production pour resoudre des contraintes. - la semi-intensification du systeme de production qui permet d'ameliorer la productivite agricole. Mais ces changements agricoles majeurs n'entrainent pas systemati- -quement chez tous les agriculteurs une offre substantielle de mil sur les marches. En effet cette offre depend plutot des strategies des chefs d'exploitation pour faire face aux charges financieres et attenuer les effets de la precarite alimentaire. . .Like other sahel countries, niger frequently undergoes food crises. The incriminated factors are : poor efficiency of the agricultural production system and inadequacy of some choices concerning grain policy. Under these circumstances, can an agricultural policy involving mainly small farm-scale cereal production be of any help in an attempt to escape the crisis ? a study of the two key-systems of the millet channel provides answers to this question. The analysis of production structures and of agricultural markets shows the following evolutionary trends : - an easier access for agricultural holdings to markets of imputs for solving contraints. - the semi-intensification of production systems which allows to improve agricultural productivity. But these major agricultural changes do not systematically entail for all farmers a substantial millet supply on the markets. Indeed, supply rather depends on peasants stragegies when they have to cope with financial charges and to reduce the effects of food precariousness. Small farmers may contribute to ensure a reequilibrium of supply to demand of locally produced cereals provided that the state of production structures. .
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Houissa, Hela. "Les Mycotoxines du mil : occurrence et flore fongique." Thesis, Montpellier, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MONTG040.
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La présente étude a pour principal objet de dresser un profil complet des différentes mycotoxines et des espèces fongiques toxinogènes se développant sur le millet perlé tunisien (Pennisetum glaucum (L) R.Br. Un total de 220 échantillons collectés auprès des agriculteurs (n=144) et de points commerce (n=76) ont été analysés par la méthode multi-analyte par LC/ESI-MS/MS. L’isolement mycologique a été effectué par la méthode « direct plating » et l’identification des espèces fongiques toxinogènes a été réalisée par des méthodes microscopiques et moléculaires. La quantification de la flore fongique potentiellement toxinogène dans le millet perlé a été, par ailleurs, réalisée par PCR en temps réel.Les résultats ont montré la co-occurrence d’une multitude de mycotoxines et de métabolites secondaires dans 91,4% des échantillons. Sur un nombre total de 57 métabolites détectés, les métabolites de Fusarium, d’Alternaria et d’Aspergillus représentaient 15,8%, 19,2% et 8,7%, respectivement, dont 10,5% (n=6) sont des mycotoxines majeures réglementées et 21% (n=12) des mycotoxines émergentes non réglementées. Notre étude a révélé une contamination importante du millet par les mycotoxines émergentes, notamment, les mycotoxines de Fusarium telles que la beauvericine (BEA), l'équisétine (EQUS), le monoacétoxyscirpénol (MAS) et le diacétoxyscirpénol (DAS) qui ont été détectés dans 43,2%, 43,2%, 11,4% et 10,5% des échantillons, respectivement. En outre, 12,7%, 50,9%, 53,2% et 14,1% des grains étaient contaminés par des mycotoxines d’Alternaria, à savoir l'alternariol (AOH), l'alternariolmonométhyl éther (AME), la tentoxine (TEN) et l'acide ténazonique (TA), respectivement. Parmi les mycotoxines majeures, l’aflatoxine B1 (AFB1) et l’ochratoxine A (OTA) étaient les plus répandues avec une fréquence de contamination modérée de 8,6% chacune. Cependant, tous les échantillons étaient contaminés à des teneurs dépassant les seuils limites autorisés allant de 12,2 à 1046 µg/kg et de 16,2 à 231 µg/kg pour l’AFB1 et l’OTA, respectivement. La fréquence et les niveaux de contamination par ces deux mycotoxines étaient aussi importants dans les échantillons collectés en post-récolte qu’en post-stockage.L’étude mycologique de la flore fongique potentiellement toxinogène sur le millet a montré la prédominance des genres Fusarium et Alternaria par rapport au genre Aspergillus. En outre, A. flavus a été identifiée comme la principale espèce responsable de la contamination du millet tunisien par les aflatoxines. Pour le genre Fusarium, les F. semitectum et F. equiseti sont les espèces les plus dominantes dans le millet. La prévalence des espèces A. alternata et A. tenuissima suivies par les A. arborescence et A. infectoria dans le genre Alternaria a été notée. La prolifération des champignons potentiellement toxinogènes et la contamination par les mycotoxines dans le millet semble avoir été influencées par les conditions climatiques et environnementales des différentes zones agroécologiques étudiées. Ainsi, le millet issu de la zone CT.N (Kelibia et Haouaria), doté d’un climat sub-humide, semble plus contaminé par des Alternaria et Fusarium spp. et par la majorité des mycotoxines émergentes de Fusarium (BEAU, DAS, EQUS et MAS) et d’Alternaria (AOH, AME, MAC et TEN). En revanche, le millet issu de la zone côtière sud (Zarzis) et la zone continentale centrale (Kairouan) s’avère plus susceptible à la contamination par les Aspergillus spp. et ainsi par l’AFB1 et l’OTA. Par ailleurs, les résultats ont montré que la qPCR a assuré une détection et une quantification plus précise et précoce de la flore fongique que l’approche microbiologique conventionnelle qui s’avère plus fastidieuse et classiqueThe purpose of the present study is to draw up a complete profile of mycotoxins and toxigenic fungal species occurring in the Tunisian pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L) R.Br.). Investigations were carried out on a total of 220 samples collected from farmers (n = 144) located in different agroecological zones of Tunisia and from retail shops (n = 76) using the multi-analyte method by LC/ESI-MS/MS. Fungal isolation was based on the direct plating method while the identification of toxigenic fungal species was carried out by the microscopic and molecular methods. The quantification of the potentially toxigenic fungal flora in pearl millet was carried out by quantitative real-time PCR assays.Results revealed the co-occurrence of a broad spectrum of mycotoxins and secondary metabolites contaminating 91.4% of grains samples. Out of a total number of 57 metabolites detected, and incidence of 15.8%, 19.2%, 8.7% of Fusarium, Alternaria and Aspergillus metabolites were, respectively, detected of which 10.5% (n=6) were reported as major regulated mycotoxins and 21% (n=12) as emerging unregulated mycotoxins.Our study revealed the prevalence of the emerging mycotoxins in the Tunisian pearl millet namely the occurrence of Fusarium mycotoxins, including beauvericin (BEA), equisetin (EQUS), monoacetoxyscirpenol (MAS) and diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS) in 43.2%, 43.2%, 11.4% and 10.5% of the samples, respectively. In addition, 12.7%, 50.9%, 53.2% and 14.1% of the grains were contaminated with Alternaria mycotoxins, namely alternariol (AOH), alternariolmonomethyl ether (AME), tentoxin (TEN) and tenazonic acid (TA), respectively. Regarding major mycotoxins, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and ochratoxin A (OTA) were the most prevalent at a moderated rate of 8.6% each. However, high levels ranging from 12.2 to 1046 µg/ kg and from 16.2 to 231 µg/kg for AFB1 and OTA were, respectively, detected. The frequency and contamination levels by these two mycotoxins were important in post-harvest as well as in post storage samples.The mycological study of the potentially toxigenic fungi showed a predominance of the genera Fusarium and Alternaria comparing to the Aspergillus genus. In addition, the results revealed that A. flavus is considered as the main species responsible for the AFB1 contamination in the Tunisian pearl millet. As regards the genus Fusarium, F. semitectum and F. equiseti are the most dominant species in millet. As concern Alternaria genus, results showed the prevalence of A. alternata and A. tenuissima followed by A. arborescence and A. infectoria. The proliferation of potentially toxigenic fungi and contamination by mycotoxins in millet were influenced by the geographic location as well as the climatic and environmental conditions across the different agroecological zones. Thus, millet from the CT.N zone (Kelibia and Haoua
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Martin, Gianstefano C. "The Dhimmi narrative a comparison between the historical and the actual in the context of Christian-Muslim relations in Egypt today." Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2009/Dec/09Dec%5FMartin.pdf.
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Thesis (M. A. in Security Studies (Middle East, South Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa))--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2009.Thesis Advisor(s): Hafez, Mohammed; Kadhim, Abbas. "December 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on January 27, 2010. Author(s) subject terms: Dhimmi, ahl al dhimma, Copts, Egypt, religious minorities, Islam, millet, Pact of Umar. Includes bibliographical references (p. 107-112). Also available in print.
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Garine-Wichatitsky, Éric. "Le mil et la bière : le système agraire des Duupa du massif de Poli, nord-Cameroun." Paris 10, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA100161.
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Cette étude se situe dans le cadre du thème qui concerne les rapports entre les sociétés et leurs environnements, l'école de l'anthropologie économique. Pour les Duupa, la pratique de l'agriculture, la distribution et la consommation des prod sont issus jouent un rôle central dans l'organisation de la société. Quel que soit le problème que l'ethnologue se pose il se trouve confronté à la nature agraire de la société qui s'imposait était de refaire pas a pas le chemin du mil, de semence a la consommation de la bière ou du repas. Les acteurs, et l'organisation sociale, sont présentés, puis une description l'environnement du massif de Poli. Dans la troisième partie l'ethnographie du processus agricole est présentée. La quatrième les éléments relatifs à la production non-agricole, a la circulation des produits. L'agriculture est un phénomène complexe que l'on peut aborder de multiples manières. Diverses méthodes, empruntées a plusieurs disciplines botanique, géographie, ethnographie et l'ethnolinguistique), ont été utilisées pour éclairer le processus agricole. La céréale est la plus importante tant du point de vue de la valeur qui leur est accordée, que de la surface des emblavures consacrées et de l'effort considérable qu'elles nécessitent de la part des cultivateurs. Des ignances et plusieurs espèce de tubercules secondaires sont aussi cultivées; ces plantes mineures permettent une diversification de la production et alimentaire. Ces produits secondaires, auxquels s'ajoute l'exploitation d'adventices et des arbres du parc sélectionné, Duupa de créer un système de subsistance varie qui démontre l'originalité de l'adaptation d'une société a un environnement qu'elle a elle-même créée. La variété des produits n'empêche pas une "obsession" du mil que l'on retrouve dans l'analyse du temps, celle des préférences alimentaires, et plus encore, dans la valorisation symbolique de la bière de mil. La boi de toutes les transactions économiques, sociales et rituelles. C'est surtout dans les échanges de travaux que la bière centrale. Toutes les façons culturales sont faites collectivement en échange de boisson : il faut disposer de mil pour du mil en le redistribuant sous forme de bière. C'est autour de ce jeu du mil et de la bière que s'organise la vie l'ensemble de la culture des DuupaThe theme of this study covers the relations which exist between human societies and their environment, and also their e anthropology. For the Duupa, the cultivation, distribution and consumption of agricultural products play a central role organization. No matter which asked the anthropologist wishes to study, he is confronted with the agrarian nature of the strategy adopted entailed following step by step the itinerary of the millet crop from the sowing period to the meal drinking occasions. The actors and their social organization are presented, followed by a description of the Poli area. Thesis deals with the ethnography of the cultivation techniques. The fourth covers aspects related to non-agricultural consumption and the circulation of goods. Agriculture is a complex phenomenon which can be considered in numerous ways. Methods, borrowed from various disciplines (zoology, botany, geography, ethno linguistics) are used to demonstrate the agricultural process. Cereals appear as the most important crop as to the value attributed to them, the surfaces devoted and the considerable effort they demand from agriculturists. Yams and several species of vegetables and secondary tubers these minor plants allow a diversification of food production and diet. Together with the exploitation of weeds and the parkland, they have enabled the Duupa to develop a varied subsistence system which demonstrates the originality of their vegetal environment which they have themselves created. This diversity does not exclude an "obsession" with millet from the analysis of the time budgets, food preferences and, even more so, in the symbolic valorization of millet beer of all economic, social and ritual transactions and plays a major role in the exchange of labor. All agricultural act a collectively in exchange for beer : it is essential to have millet in order to produce millet, which is redistributed in economic life of the Duupa, and their entire culture, is organized around this partnership of millet and beer
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Pechenkina, Ekaterina A. "Diet and health changes among the millet growing farmers of northern China in prehistory /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3075414.
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Kambonde, Lovisa Hinandyooteti. "Activation of oxidoreductases in millet and cowpea grains improves protein utilization for growth." Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2006.
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Thesis (M. S.)--Michigan State University. Dept. of Food Science and Human Nutrition, 2006.Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on June 19, 2009) Includes bibliographical references (p. 67-70). Also issued in print.
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Coulibaly, Harouna. "Rôle des organisations paysannes dans la diffusion des semences de céréales : Articulation des réseaux semenciers étatique et traditionnels des paysans pour une conservation in situ des variétés. Cas des mils de sorghos au Mali." Paris 10, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA100001.
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Le Mali, pays sahélien est situé dans un centre de diversité d’espèces telles que les mils et sorghos. Ces deux espèces constituent la base de l’alimentation des populations rurales. La reproduction à la ferme représente la principale source d’approvisionnement en semences du paysan. Diverses raisons font que les paysans sont en permanence à la recherche de nouvelles variétés plus performantes. Pour cela, ils ont recours à deux systèmes semenciers qui coexistent sur le même espace : le SSP, informel et le SSE formel. En général, aucun de ces systèmes ne couvre efficacement et complètement les besoins des paysans en semences. C’est ainsi que l’association des organisations professionnelles paysannes du Mali, après participation à des projets de recherche en sélection variétale a initié son propre programme de production/diffusion de semences certifiées par des coopératives (SS/Aopp). Le résultat de ce travail a montré la multiplicité des acteurs des réseaux de semenciers avec des ressources, des approches et des moyens différents. Dans le SSE, le choix des variétés est fait par les services officiels. Du fait de la grande diversité des environnements et des préférences des producteurs, du nombre restreint de variétés et de centres de multiplication, il ne répond qu’à une minorité de situations. Le SS/Aopp diffuse des variétés améliorées à la satisfaction de ses adhérents. La qualité de ce réseau montre que le paysan n’est pas hostile aux variétés améliorées. Les différentes entités des réseaux en jeu avec leur articulation ont été formalisées pour produire un schéma générique d’analyse de la gestion des variétés de mils et sorghos dans un cadre de conservation in situMali, country sahelian is located in a center of diversity of species among which are listed millet and sorghum. These two species are the main staple food crops. On-farm production represents the main source of seeds for peasants. Various reasons such drought or bad production motivate farmers to look permanently for more productive varieties. For that they have recourse to two seed supply systems which coexist on same space: the peasants’ seed system (PSS) and the formal seed system (FSS). The PSS which informally organized is the principal source of seed supply for peasants and more important than the FSS. In general, none of these systems satisfies the peasants’need seeds. Thus the farmer’s organizations of Mali, after participatory in research projects in varietal selection initiated her program of production and diffusion of certified seeds by co—operatives (FOSS). The result of this work put forward the multiplicity of the actors’ networks the seed systems with different resources, approachs and means. In the FSS, the choice of the varieties is done by the national seed service and the regional agriculture managers. Because of great diversity of the environments and preferences of the peasants, the restricted number of varieties and centers of multiplication it answer only one minority of situations. The FOSS diffuses certified seed to the satisfaction of its members. The full number of seed peasants and members to farmer’s organizations increases year by year. The quality of this network shows that the peasant is not hostile with the improved varieties. The various entities of the networks concerned with their articulation were formalized to produce a generic diagram of the management of the millets and sorghums varieties within in situ conservation
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Noirot, Michel. "Diversité des mises en place des structures reproductives chez Panicum maximum : logique d'une réponse optimale à des contraintes, conséquences pour l'amélioration de la production semencière." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112251.
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Diop, Mbaye. "Caractérisation du facteur hydrique en agriculture pluviale au Sénégal : le cas de l'arachide et du mil." Dijon, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999DIJOL016.
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L’agriculture sénégalaise occupe une place importante dans l’économie du pays, avec 22 % du PIB et 70 % de la population active. Elle est caractérisée par l’extension des cultures pluviales (96 % des superficies cultivées) et la prédominance de l’arachide et du mil. Etant donné sa dépendance au milieu physique, une analyse des facteurs climatiques a été effectuée afin de caractériser la contrainte hydrique sur les cultures. L’évolution de la pluviométrie se traduit par une baisse de totaux saisonniers à partir de 1970. Les années de faibles rendements culturaux se caractérisent par une mauvaise qualité de la saison : pluviométrie totale inférieure aux besoins en eau des plantes, début de la saison. Pour caractériser les potentialités climatiques régionales et identifier les périodes à risque potentiel de déficit hydrique, la pluviométrie est comparée avec l’évapotranspiration potentielle. Toutefois, la seule composante climatique ne permet pas de mettre en évidence l’état hydrique des cultures. D’autres facteurs contribuent à assurer ou non une bonne alimentation en eau des plantes (sol, paramètres culturaux, paramètres humains). La modélisation du bilan hydrique a montré que la satisfaction des besoins en eau du mil et de l’arachide varie d’une région à une autre selon un gradient nord/sud. Ainsi, le taux de satisfaction du mil, cultivé de façon traditionnelle, diminue significativement après 1970 dans les régions du nord et du centre-nord. Pour la culture de l’arachide, c’est surtout à l’ouest du bassin arachidier que la baisse du taux de satisfaction hydrique a été significative. La simulation a également montré que l’utilisation de matériels agricoles et de fertilisants chimiques permet d’augmenter les rendements potentiels du mil et de l’arachide dans le centre et le Sud du Sénégal, alors qu’un effet pervers est observé dans le nord et le centre-nordThe Senegal agriculture plays an important part in the economy of the country, contributing to 22% of the GDP and employing 70% of the working population. It is characterized by the extension of rainy crops (96% of the cultivated areas) and the pre-eminence of groundnut and millet farming. Given its dependance on the physical environment, climatic factors have been analysed in order to characterize the water constraint on the plants. A decrease of rainfall is observed at the seasonnal scale after 1970. The years with the lowest yields result from adverse seasonal conditions : rainfall amounts lower than the water needs of crops, late onset of the season, long and frequent dry spells, brevity of the season. Rainfall is compared with the potential evapotranspiration in a bid to characterize the regional climatic potentialities and in order to identify the periods of potential water deficit risks. However, the climatic component alone does not permit to point out the water state of the crops. Other factors contribute positively or negatively to ensure a good water supply of the plants (soil, cultivation, human parameters). The modeling of the water balance shows that the satisfaction of water needs of millet and groundnut varies from one region to another, with a north/south gradient. For instance, the satisfaction of water needs for millet, grown in a traditionnal way, decreases significantly in thennothern and the north central regions. For the groundnut farming, the decrease in the satisfaction of water needs is more significant in the west of the groundnut crop area. The simulation also shows that the use of machines and fertilizers allow an increase of potential yields of millet and groundnut in the central and southern regions, whereas an indesirable effect is observed in the northern and the north. Central areas
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Passerini, Julien. "Field and laboratory trials in Mali to determine the effects of neem extracts on three millet pests, Heliocheilus albipunctella De Joannis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Coniesta ignefusalis Hampson (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and Kraussaria angulifera Krauss (Orthoptera: Acrididae)." Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=60451.
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Formulations of aqueous neem extracts were sprayed in field experiments. Results showed that a 0.5% and 1% concentrations were effective in reducing grasshopper feeding and diminishing damage caused by the millet stemborer, C. ignefusalis. In 1988, neem diminished egg-laying and mine damage by the headminer, H. albipunctella, but no data were available for 1989 because of the low infestation levels of this pest.Neem exhibited some systemic activity. Soil applied neem kernel powder partially protected millet against K. angulifera and C. ignefusalis. Neem treated plots yielded more grain and suffered less damage by insect pests than four different cultural practices. Only the addition of fertilizer was superior to neem in reducing yield losses but it was inferior in limiting pest losses.
Experiments to test the residual activity of neem showed that this botanical insecticide can effectively protect millet against K. angulifera for at least seven days, and possibly longer if ultra-violet rays and rainfall are not prevalent. Analysis of plant selection behavior of K. angulifera showed that neem is an antifeedant rather than a repellent. On first to third instar nymphs, growth regulating activity expressed as a difficulty in molting or an absence of sclerotization may occur. Topical applications of neem to the stemborer, C. ignefusalis, also caused growth abnormalities, mostly molting disturbances. Treated larvae that reached the adult stage were malformed.
This research indicates that neem based insecticides offer considerable promise for Sahelian farmers for protecting millet crops. It is effective against K. angulifera, but less effective against the stemborer, C. ignefusalis. Although the data obtained for H. albipunctella in 1988 was promising, it was insufficient to reach any conclusions regarding neem's efficacy with respect to this pest.
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Mukarumbwa, Peter. "Potential of sorghum and finger millet to enhance household food security in Zimbabwe's semi-arid regions: a case study of communal areas in Masvingo Province." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/368.
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Successive droughts, in Zimbabwe compounded by other economic shocks in recent years have resulted in decreased maize productivity amongst the communal farmers most of whom reside in regions IV and V which are considered semi-arid. This has given rise to the need to find alternative food crops, which may be suitable for these areas. Generally, research in the world indicates that sorghum and millet have the potential to end chronic food insecurity in semi-arid areas because of their drought tolerance. Whilst this might be the case, research, government policy and assistance from non-governmental organizations on food crop production in Zimbabwe have shown a continual inclination to maize production in semi-arid areas. However, maize is regarded as a high risk crop in these regions. The main objective of the study was to investigate major factors affecting smallholder farmers in semi-arid areas, from increased production of small grains, specifically sorghum and finger millet. The study was conducted in two rural districts of Masvingo and Gutu, which lie in natural region IV in Masvingo Province. The questionnaire was used as the main tool of inquiry to gather data from households in selected villages within these districts. Questionnaires were administered through face-to-face interviews. The total sample size was 120. The logistic regression model was used to analyze data. The results revealed that, at the 5% level, labour, cattle ownership, farm size, age, extension, yields and access to credit significantly influence sorghum and finger millet production. These findings suggest that an adjustment in each one of the significant variables can significantly influence the probability of participation in small grain production. In view of these research findings, a policy shift that encourages increased production of finger millet and sorghum in Zimbabwe‟s semi-arid regions is proposed. It is suggested that this may increase household food security in these regions.
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Passot, Sixtine. "Exploration du système racinaire du mil et ses conséquences pour la tolérance à la sécheresse." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT160/document.
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Le mil est une céréale d’importance majeure pour la sécurité alimentaire dans les régions arides d’Afrique et d’Inde. Pourtant, elle a fait l’objet de relativement peu d’efforts d’amélioration variétale par rapport à d’autres céréales. En particulier, l’amélioration de son système racinaire pourrait permettre une amélioration de la tolérance de cette plantes aux contraintes physiques qu’elle subit (sécheresse et faible disponibilité en nutriments) et ainsi un accroissement substantiel de la production. L’objectif de ce travail est de caractériser ce système racinaire, en vue de produire des connaissances nécessaires à l’amélioration variétale, axée principalement sur la tolérance à la sécheresse en début de cycle.Dans un premier temps, nous avons décrit précisément la morphologie du système racinaire dans les premiers stades de développement, la dynamique de mise en place des différents axes racinaires ainsi que l’anatomie des différents types de racines. Ce travail a mis en évidence l’existence de trois types anatomiques distincts pour les racines latérales. Nous avons également mis en évidence l’existence de variabilité dans la dynamique de mise en place précoce du système racinaire au sein d’un panel de diversité issu de variétés cultivées, ce qui ouvre la possibilité d’utiliser cette variabilité existante pour l’amélioration du système racinaire. Notre étude a aussi révélé une grande variabilité des profils de croissances au sein des racines latérales.Pour analyser plus avant cette diversité, la croissance d’un grand nombre de racines latérales a été mesurée quotidiennement et un modèle statistique a permis de classer ces racines latérales en trois grandes tendances, selon leurs profils de croissance. Ces trois catégories distinguent des racines avec des forts taux de croissance, et dont la croissance se poursuit après la fin du suivi, des racines avec des taux de croissance intermédiaires et des racines au taux de croissance faible, qui cessent rapidement de pousser. Ces différents types de racines sont répartis aléatoirement le long de la racine primaire et il ne semble pas y avoir d’influence des types racinaires sur les intervalles entre racines latérales successives. Les trois types cinétiques correspondent, imparfaitement cependant, aux trois types anatomiques mis en évidence dans le premier chapitre. Un travail similaire a été effectué sur le maïs, ce qui a permis de comparer ces deux céréales phylogénétiquement proches.Enfin, nous avons recherché de marqueurs génétiques associés à la croissance de la racine primaire, un trait racinaire supposément impliqué dans la tolérance à la sécheresse précoce. Ce travail a nécessité le phénotypage du trait racinaire en question sur panel de lignées de mil fixées, ce qui a confirmé la présence d’une grande variabilité existante pour ce trait. Ces lignées ont ensuite été génotypées par séquençage. Les analyses d’association génotype/phénotype sont en cours.Ce travail de thèse a permis de caractériser plus précisément le système racinaire du mil, relativement mal connu jusqu’à ce jour. Il a fourni des données utiles pour la paramétrisation et le test de modèles fonctionnels de croissance et de transport d’eau. La caractérisation cinétique précise des types de racines latérales est une approche originale et pourra être utilisée chez d’autres céréales. Enfin, les données acquises par génétique d’association devraient pouvoir servir à une meilleure compréhension de la mise en place de ce système racinaire et ouvrent la voie à l’amélioration assistée par marqueurs génétiques pour des traits racinaires chez le milPearl millet plays an important role for food security in arid regions of Africa and India. Nevertheless, it lags far behind other cereals in terms of genetic improvement. Improving its root system could improve pearl millet tolerance to abiotic constraints (drought and low nutrient availability) and lead to a significant increase in production. The objective of this work is to characterize pearl system root system development in order to produce knowledge for breeding, mainly targeted on tolerance to drought stress occurring at the early growth stages.First, we described the dynamics of early pearl millet root system development and the anatomy of the different root types. This work revealed the existence of three anatomically distinct types for lateral roots. We also showed the existence of variability in primary root growth and lateral root density in a diversity panel derived from cultivated varieties, which opens the possibility to use this existing variability in root system breeding. Our study also revealed a large variability among the growth profiles of lateral roots.To further analyze this diversity, the growth rates of a large number of lateral roots were measured daily and a statistical model developed to classify these lateral roots into three main trends, according to their growth profiles. These three categories distinguish roots with high growth rate that keep on growing after the end of the experiment, roots with intermediate growth rates and roots with low growth rates that quickly stop growing. These different lateral root types are randomly distributed along the primary root and there seem to be no influence of root types on the intervals between successive lateral roots. The three growth types correspond, though imperfectly, to the three anatomical types evidenced in the first chapter. A similar work has been performed on maize, which was used to compare these two phylogenetically close cereals.Finally, we searched for genetic markers associated to primary root growth, a root trait potentially involved in early drought stress tolerance. A large panel of genetically fixed pearl millet inbred lines was phenotyped, confirming the presence of a large variability existing for this trait. These lines were then genotyped by sequencing. Analyses of association between phenotype and genotype are underway.This work provides a precise description of pearl millet root system that was little studied to date. Our data were used for parameterization and testing of functional structural plant models simulating root growth and water transport. The statistical tool developed for the characterization of the different lateral root growth types is an original approach that can be used on other cereals. Finally, results from our association study will reveal new information on the genetic control of root growth and open the way to marker assisted selection for root traits in pearl millet
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Meyer, Andrea. "Deutschland und Millet." Berlin München Dt. Kunstverl, 2009. http://d-nb.info/990300439/04.
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Sahuc, Janine-Claude. "Kate Millett : oeuvres et mythes." Paris 7, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA070116.
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Barrion, Stephen Carmelo. "Pearl millet effects of traditional Namibian fermentation-semiwet milling and dry milling processes on nutrient composition /." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2008. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-01282009-132241.
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Hassanat, Fadi. "Evaluation of pearl millet forage." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=18698.
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This research evaluated millet as forage source for ruminants. Four studies were conducted using two cultivars of forage millet [i.e. brown midrib (BM) and regular (RM)]. The first investigated the effect of seeding rate on yield, chemical composition and in vitro degradability of the two forage millet cultivars. Yield of RM was 56% more than BM due to taller plants and more tillers m-2. A 25% increase in yield as seeding rate increased from 5 to 10 or from 10 to 15 kg ha-1 was observed for two millet cultivars. Brown midrib millet contained 15% more CP, and 4, 13 and 31% less NDF, ADF and ADL than RM cultivar. In vitro DM digestibility was 10% higher in BM due to differences in chemical composition. The second study determined the effect of stage of development at harvest [i.e. vegetative (VS) and heading stage (HS)] on the two millet cultivars yield and cell wall composition in leaves and stems. Yield of BM was lower than that of RM at both stages of development. Concentrations of NDF, ADF and ADL were reduced in BM stems by 8, 16, and 58%, respectively, compared to RM stems. Leaves ADF and ADL concentrations were 6 and 49% less in BM than RM. Increase in fibre fractions with advancing stage of development was most pronounced in RM stems. Brown midrib trait affected cell wall structure of BM leaves and stems by increasing arabinose and xylose proportion as well as concentrations of ester- linked p-coumaric acid and ether-linked ferulic acids. Cell wall content of arabinose, xylose and glucose in leaves and stems, and phenolics in stems was higher at VS than at HS. This effect was more pronounced for stems of RM than BM. In situ DM and NDF disappearances were higher in leaves and stems of BM than RM and were higher in leaves and stems of millet harvested at VS than at HS. Lignin concentration had negative linear impact on in situ DM and NDF degradability. Ensilability of forage millet as affected by cultivar and stage of development at harvest was investigatedCette recherche constitue a évalue millet comme une source de fourrage pour les ruminants. Quatre études ont été effectuées en utilisant deux variétés de millet [par exemple midrib brun (BM) et régulier (RM)]. La première étude constituait une évaluation de l'effet de la vitesse de semer les graines de millet sur le rendement, la composition chimique et la degradabilité in vitro des deux variétés de millet. Le rendement de RM était 56% plus haut en comparaison de BM en raison des plus grandes plantes et plus de feuillage par m-2. Le midrib brun de millet contenait 15% plus de CP, et 4, 13 et 31% moins de NDF, ADF et ADL que la variété RM. La digestibilité in vitro de DM était 10% plus haut chez BM en raison de ces différences. La deuxième étude avait pour objectif de déterminer l'effet du niveau de développement à la moisson [par exemple végétal (VS) et niveau d'en-tête (HS)] sur le rendement des deux variétés de millet et la composition de membrane cellulaire dans les feuilles et les tiges. Le rendement de BM était plus bas en comparaison de RM aux deux niveaux de développement. Les concentrations de NDF, ADF et ADL ont été réduits dans les tiges de BM par 8, 16, et 58%, respectivement, en comparaison des tiges de RM. Les concentrations de ADF et ADL dans les feuilles étaient 6 et 49% moins dans BM que RM. Les contenus des différentes fibres ont augmenté avec le niveau de développement, mais l'augmentation été plus prononcée dans les tiges de RM. Le millet brun a eu un effet sur les membranes cellulaires des feuilles et tiges de BM en augmentant la concentration d'arabinose et xylose ainsi que les concentrations d'ester- acides de p-coumaric et d'ester- acides de ferulic. Les contenus d'arabinose, xylose et le glucose dans les membranes cellulaires chez les feuilles et les tiges, et de phenolics dans les tiges était plus haut à VS qu'à HS. Cet effet été plus prononcé pour les tiges de RM que BM. In situ DM et NDF
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Osman, Mohamoud, Albert Dobrenz, Haile Tewolde, and Robert Voigt. "Drought Tolerance in Pearl Millet." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/200578.
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O'Kennedy, Martha Margaretha. "Genetic enhancement of pearl millet." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/49974.
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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2004.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was toe stablish a reliable protocol for the production 0 f transgenic pearl millet as this will open new avenues for augmenting the gene pool of this crop. This was achieved by identifying a highly regenerabie genotype and optimisation of a tissue culture system, and biolistic protocol f or stable integration of selected transgenes. Both a negative, herbicide resistance selectable marker gene, bar, and a positive selectable marker gene, manA, were individually introduced in order to identify and establish a reliable transformation protocol. The optimised transformation protocol was then used to introduce an antifungal gene in the genome of pearl millet to enhance resistance to the biotrophic fungus Sclerospora graminicola. S. graminicola, an obligate oomycetous fungal phytopathogen, is the causal agent of downy mildew in pearl millet plants and a major constraint in the production of pearl millet. A single component of antifungal resistance was introduced into the genome of pearl millet, as preliminary work towards determining its role in the total plant defence system. The approach chosen was to introduce a hydrolytic enzyme, 13-1,3- glucanase, from Trichoderma atroviride (formerly T. harzianum), a soil-borne filamentous fungus, capable of parasitizing several plant pathogenic fungi. It was anticipated that introducing this glucanase gene from T. atroviride which degrades glucan in the fungal cell walls, would significantly contribute to the improvement of resistance against downy mildew. Constructs were prepared containing the gene (gluc78) encoding a 78 kDa beta-1,3- glucanase. The constructs were prepared containing the gluc78 gene driven either by a strong constitutive promoter (ubiquitin promoter, exon and intron) or a wound inducible promoter, the potato proteinase inhibitor ilK gene promoter. The wound inducible promoter includes either an AMV leader' sequence or the rice Act1 intron to obtain higher expression levels in the monocotyledonous plant. The transformation efficiency using the particle inflow gun and the herbicide resistance gene, bar, was improved from 0.02% on a MS based medium, to 0.19 or 0.72% with manA as selectable marker gene on MS or L3 based medium, respectively. However, individual experiments, introducing manA as selectable marker gene, resulted in frequencies of 1.2 and 3%. This translated to one transformation event per plate, which contains on average 31-35 pre-cultured immature zygotic embryos. This is the first report of t he successful introduction and expression of a 13-1,3-glucanase encoding gene from a biocontrol fungus not only under constitutive expression but also under wound inducible expression in a plant. Optimisation of genetic engineering of pearl millet, a cereal crop recalcitrant to transformation, and the introduction of an antifungal transgene, was accomplished in this study. Initial results hint that expression of this transgene enhances resistance to S. graminicola.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van die studie was om 'n betroubare genetiese transformeringsprotokol vir pêrel manna te ontwikkel. Hiervoor moes eerstens 'n regenereerbare genotipe geidentifiseer word. Twedens moes 'n betroubare weefselkultuur en biolistiese transformeringssisteem ontwikkel word. Beide die onkruiddoder bestandheidsgeen, bar, en 'n positiewe selektiewe geen, manA, is vir die doel van die projek onafhanklik in die genoom van pêrel manna in gekloneer. Die optimale sisteem is vervolgens aangewend om 'n geen wat potensieël verbeterde bestandheid teen die biotrofiese swam Sclerospora graminicola wat donsige meeldou by plante veroorsaak, in pêrel manna in te kloneer. 'n Enkele komponent van bestandheid is in die genetiese material van pêrel manna in gekloneer as inleidende werk om die rol van hierdie geen in die totale verdedigingsisteem te bepaal. Die benadering wat gekies was, behels die klonering van 'n hidrolitiese ensiem 13-1,3-glukanase, van Trichoderma atroviride (voorheen T. harzianum), 'n grondgedraagde swam, wat op 'n aantal ander plantpatogene fungus kan parasiteer. Die verwagting is dat klonering van hierdie 13- 1,3-glukanase geen van T. atroviride wat die glukaan verteer in die selwande van swamme, 'n groot verbetering tot die bestandheid teen donsige meeldou sal meebring. Konstrukte is voorberei wat die gluc78 geen bevat wat kodeer vir die 78 kDa beta-1,3-glukanase protein. Die konstrukte wat voorberei is bevat die gluc78 geen geinduseer deur of 'n sterk konstituwe promoter (ubiquitin promoter, exon en intron) of deur 'n wond geinduseerde promoter, die aartappel proteinase inhibeerder ilK geen promoter. Hierdie promoter word gevolg deur of 'n AMV leier volgorde of die rys Act1 intron om verhoogde uitdruk vlakke in monokotiele plante te verseker. As die partikel invloei geweer in kombinasie met die onkruiddoderbestandheidsgeen gebruik word, was die doeltreffendheid van transformasie 0.02% op 'n MS gebasseerde groeimedium. 'n Transformasie doeltreffendheid van onderskeidelik 0.19 en 0.72% is verkry wanneer die manA as selektiewe geen gebruik is op MS of L3 gebasseerde medium. Twee individual eksperimente, waar die manA geen as selektiewe geen gebruik is, het gelei tot 'n transformasie doeltreffendheid van 1.2 of 3%. Dit gee 'n gemiddelde van een transformasie per plaat wat 31 tot 35 voorafgekweekte onvolwasse embrios bevat. Hierdie is d ie eerste verslag van d ie suksesvolle klonering en uitdrukking van 'n 13-1,3-glukanasekoderende geen van 'n swam wat as 'n biologiese beheeragent gebruik word. Hierdie is nie alleenlik onder konstitutiewe uitdrukking nie, maar ook 0 nder wond g einduseerde u itdruk in' n p lant. In hierdie studie is die 0 ptimisering van genetiese verbetering van pêrel manna, 'n graan gewas wat gehard is teen transformasie, deur die klonering van 'n bestandheidsgeen in die genoom van hierdie gewas gedoen. Aanvanklike resultate dui daarop dat die uitdruk van hierdie geen lei tot verbeterde bestandheid teen S. graminicola.
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Sahuc, Janine-Claude. "Kate Millet oeuvres et mythes." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb375951534.
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Ricks, Christian B. "The Prolamins of Pearl Millet." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2007. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1969.pdf.
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Tavares, Gustavo Marques. "Instantons em espaços curvos." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/277048.
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Orientador: Ricardo Antonio MosnaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Fisica Gleb Wataghin
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Resumo: Neste trabalho estudamos os instantons da teoria de Yang-Mills nos espaços de Schwarzs-child e de Reissner-Nordstrom com grupo de gauge SU(2).Instantons são soluções clássicas da teoria de Yang-Mills definida em um espaço com métrica riemanniana (positiva-definida) e com ação finita. Primeiramente revisamos a formulação geométrica da teoria de Yang-Mills em uma variedade 4-dimensional,identificando os campos de gauge com conexões em um fibrado principal. Em seguida apresentamos os principais resultados clássicos relacionados aos instantons no espaço plano. Na segunda parte da dissertação realizamos um estudo sistemático das soluções da teoria de Yang-Mills nos espaços de Schwarzschild e de Reissner-Nordstrom euclidianos. Esta abordagem nos permitiu descobrir novas famílias de instantons neste contexto.Ainda,os resultados obtidos mostram que o número de famílias de instantons no espaço de Reissner- Nordstrom depende diretamente da carga elétrica que caracteriza esta geometria
Abstract: In this work we study instanton solutions of the Yang-Mills theory in Schwarzschild and Reissner-Nordstrom spaces with gauge group SU(2).Instantons are solutions to the classical field equations of Yang-Mills theory defined in a space with Riemannian (positive de finite)metric with finite action. We begin with a review of the geometric setting of Yang-Mills theory on a four dimensional manifold,which relates the gauge fields to connections on a fiber bundle.We proceed by presenting the main results related to instantons in flat space. In the second part of this thesis we perform a systematic study of the solutions of Yang-Mills theory in Euclidian Schwarzschild and Reissner-Nordstrom spaces.This approach led us to discover a new family of instantons de fined in those backgrounds. Moreover, our results show that the number of instanton families in the Reissner-Nordstrom space depends directly on the eletric charge which caracterizes this geometry
Mestrado
Física das Particulas Elementares e Campos
Mestre em Física
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Gray, Brandie. "Milled." VCU Scholars Compass, 2019. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5827.
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Milled is a collection of poems centered around the speaker’s maternal grandfather who dedicated his life to hard labor as a crane operator in the American steel industry, which led to his work-related illness and eventual death at the age of sixty. These poems investigate subjects that focus on: the Appalachian landscape, childhood trauma, domestic violence, and substance abuse. Such themes inform the speaker’s understanding of her own identity as a working-class queer woman who struggles to reckon with her troubled past.
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Milles, Julien Zhu Yue Min Gimenez Gérard. "Modélisation et correction des inhomogénéités d'intensité en imagerie cérébrale par résonance magnétique." Villeurbanne : Doc'INSA, 2004. http://docinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/pont.php?id=milles.
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Millet, Séverine Ben Hadid Hamda Botton Valéry. "Stabilité de l'écoulement multicouche de films newtoniens sur un plan incliné." Villeurbanne : Doc'INSA, 2008. http://docinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/pont.php?id=millet.
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Teowolde, Haile, Mohamoud Osman, Robert Voigt, and Albert Dobrenz. "Stomate Distribution of Three Pearl Millet Genotypes." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/200555.
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Mačković, Mirza [Verfasser], and Mathias [Akademischer Betreuer] Göken. "Characterization of soot particles from diesel engines and tin dioxide particles milled in stirred media mills / Mirza Mačković. Betreuer: Mathias Göken." Erlangen : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1024406768/34.
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Al-Tehmazi, Nahid. "A Reader’s Response Approach to Lydia Millet’s “Zoogoing”." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-106860.
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Since its establishment, the study of environmental literature has included a great deal of research which has based its arguments on assumptions that state that climate fiction contains persuasive elements that are impactful on readers. The problem with these assumptions is that they do not offer any empirical proof to demonstrate their arguments. This thesis offers an empirical study of the reception of Lydia Millet’s short story “Zoogoing” and examines whether or not the story is able to generate an animal welfare consciousness in the context of climate change within an audience that includes 10 participants from Bahrain. This project was conducted via two surveys on SurveySparrow, one before and the other after the participants had read the story. From the findings, it was revealed that the extinction narrative was able to help the readers conceptualize future ecological possibilities. Although the narrative was able to heighten the participants’ consciousness about environmental destruction, their concern for animal conservation remained the same. What was speculated from the analysis in this thesis was that the story had lacked a representation of animals that would focus the participants’ gaze on animal extinction.
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Ratau, Mmaphuti Abashone. "Chemometrics, physicochemical and sensory characteristics of pearl millet beverage produced with bioburden lactic acid bacteria pure cultures." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2773.
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Thesis (MTech (Food Technology))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018.The aim of this study was to evaluate the physical, chemical and sensory characteristics of non-alcoholic pearl millet beverage produced using isolated and purified cultures of bioburden lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Traditional non-alcoholic pearl millet beverage (TNAPMB) was produced through spontaneous fermentation. The slurry was fermented for 36 h at 37°C while monitoring the microbial growth at 3 h interval. LAB were grown on deMan, Rogosa and Sharpe agar and identified using Vitek 2 system. The initial numbers of LAB were 7.04 log cfu/ml and increased to 8.00 log cfu/ml after 21 h. The beverage was dominated by LAB and contaminants and their survival was in succession. LAB from the genera Leuconostoc, Pediococcus, Streptococcus and Enterococcus were the main fermenting species in TNAPMB. Pearl millet extract (PME) was produced by hydrating pearl millet flour (PMF) with water (1:10, PMF:Water). To the mixture sprouted rice flour (10%), ground ginger (10%) and pectin (0.6%) were added. Stable PME was used in the production of plain non-alcoholic pearl millet beverage (PNAPMB). PME was pasteurized at 98°C for 30 min, hot filled and cooled to 25°C. The fluid was inoculated with Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Pediococcus pentosaceus and Enterococcus gallinarum each at 0.05, 0.075 and 0.1%, respectively, using factorial design and fermented for 18 h at 37°C. The pH of the beverage ranged between pH 3.32 and pH 3.90. L. mesenteroides, P. pentosaceus, E. gallinarum, the interaction between L. mesenteroides and P. pentosaceus and the interaction between L. mesentoroides and E. gallinarum had a significant effect (p ˂ 0.05) on the pH of PNAPMB except the interaction between P. pentosaceus and E. gallinarum (p = 0.631). The total titratable acidity (TTA) of the beverage ranged from 0.50 to 0.72%. All cultures had a significant influence (p ˂ 0.05) on the TTA of the beverage with the exception of the interaction between L. mesenteroides and E. gallinarum (p = 0.102). However, Monte Carlo simulation showed that E. gallinarum caused an increase in the pH and a decrease in the TTA of the beverage. During fermentation, the pH of the beverage is desired to decrease while the TTA increases, hence E. gallinarum was removed. The interaction between L. mesenteroides and P. pentosaceus at 0.05% and 0.025%, respectively produced an acceptable PNAPMB with potential for commercialization. Furthermore, moringa supplemented non-alcoholic pearl millet beverage (MSNAPMB) was produced by adding 4% of moringa (Moringa oleifera) leaf powder extract during the production of PNAPMB. The physicochemical, nutritional, microbial (LAB) and sensory characteristics of the PNAPMB, MSNAPMB and TNAPMB were determined. LAB were significantly (p < 0.05) affected by the fermentation period and increased from 3.32 to 7.97 log cfu/ml and 3.58 to 8.38 log cfu/ml in PNAPMB and SNAPMB, respectively. The pH of PNAPMB decreased from pH 5.05 to pH 4.14 while the pH of MSNAPMB decreased from pH 5.05 to pH 3.65 during the 18 h fermentation. The growth of LAB during fermentation had a significant effect (p < 0.05) on the pH of the beverages. The TTA increased from 0.14 to 0.22% and increased from 0.17 to 0.38%, in PNAPMB and MSNAPMB, respectively. The TTA of the beverage was affected significantly (p < 0.05) by the 18 h of fermentation. The protein content was 1.62, 2.17 and 1.50% in PNAPMB, MSNAPMB and TNAPMB, respectively. PNAPMB sample was deemed acceptable in comparison to the MSNAPMB. The total colour difference (ΔE) was 5.91 and 10.60 in PNAPMB and MSNAPMB, respectively in comparison to the TNAPMB. Volatile compounds with beneficial effect such as anti-inflammatory and anti-pathogenic properties were identified in the beverages. Principal component analysis indicated that the variations in characteristics of PNAPMB and MSNAPMB could be explained using total fat, saturated fat, total sugar, ash, moisture, proteins, chroma (C), hue and b*. The results showed that isolated pure cultures could be used as starter cultures in the production of non-alcoholic cereal beverages at a commercial level with predictable quality and safety properties.
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Tine, Fatou. "Evaluation of Drought Tolerance and Forage Characteristics of Millet Cultivars." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/81306.
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Millets are C4 annual grasses that are mainly used for food and feed. This thesis describes two studies that evaluated drought tolerance of pearl millet cultivars (Pennisetum glaucum [L.] R. Br) grown for grain. A third study is also included in the thesis that evaluated foxtail millet (Setaria italica [L] Beauv) and pearl millet grown as cover crops and forage during a pasture renovation. The main focus of the thesis involved evaluation of Senegalese pearl millet cultivars for drought tolerance. Drought is one of the most important threats to pearl millet production in Senegal as it limits yield in most parts of the country. Although water stress on pearl millet is common during the growing season, a little is known about how terminal drought affects yield in Senegalese pearl millet cultivars. To address this issue, two field experiments were conducted in 2014 and 2015. The first field study evaluated 20 pearl millet cultivars under water stress and categorized based on their yield response. Whereas the second year field trial used four cultivars from the first field trial in a more detailed study to give recommendations for farmers in Senegal. The experiments were complete randomized block designs. Pearl millet cultivars were grown under irrigation until flowering then the stress treatment was applied by stopping the irrigation in half of the plots. Eleven cultivars showed a statistical indifference to water stress and considered the most drought tolerant. Four cultivars were selected from the 11 for the second year experiment. Of these, cultivar 4 (ICMV IS 89305) and 10 (SOSAT c 88) exhibited higher tolerance to terminal water stress based on evaluation of yield components and drought stress indices. These cultivars could be a good target for further breeding and selection in Senegal. Although the cultivars were more drought tolerant, both had relatively low total biomass. When used in a larger scale, these cultivars could potentially benefit farmers in Senegal and enhance food security.
The second part of this thesis addressed use of a forage type millets – specifically foxtail and pearl millet. In the US, these millets are primarily serve as a summer cover crops that can be used for forage. The objective of this experiment was to compare yield and forage quality of foxtail and pearl millet cover crops and their effect on subsequent pasture establishment. A field experiment was conducted in Virginia in 2014 to address this objective. Pearl millet and foxtail millet were randomly planted in 12 plots each and harvested in late summer. Plots were then converted to tall fescue (Schedonorus phoenix (Scop.) Holub) pasture. Foxtail millet had a significantly higher soil cover than pearl millet but the two species did not differ in terms of total biomass, forage quality, or their effect on tall fescue pasture establishment.Master of Science
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Amley, Hollis Marie. "The Evolution of Criticism on Jean-François Millet." NCSU, 2005. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-03282005-154529/.
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AMLEY, HOLLIS MARIE. The Evolution of Criticism on Jean-François Millet. (Under the direction of Keith Luria.) The nineteenth-century French painter Jean-François Millet?s social context, compositional style, and rustic subject matter invite a wide variety of interpretations of his art. To his biographer and contemporary Alfred Sensier, the rustic canvases were the work of a stoic ?peasant painter,? removed from the political controversies of his day. To the Marxist art historian T. J. Clark, on the other hand, Millet?s paintings interacted with and challenged the dominant values and institutions of the Second Republic. To the social art historian Robert Herbert, the paintings reveal the artist?s response to urban-industrial change and his Parisian exodus. In presenting these three formative readings of Millet?s canvases, this thesis demonstrates how each particular writer?s vantage point in history affected both his methodology and vision of the artist?s identity. The criticism on Millet shows not merely a series of antithetical, isolated opinions, but a kind of evolution, one that has gradually come to include both the artist and the society in which he worked.
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Dida, Mathews M. "Genome studies in finger millet (Eleusine corcana L.)." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267472.
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Crampton, Bridget Genevieve. "Elucidation of defence response mechanisms in pearl millet." Thesis, Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-10132008-143627.
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Mugocha, Petronella Tapiwa. "Fermentation of a finger millet-dairy composite gruel." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/30547.
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Miller, Laurence L. "A competitive NMDA receptor antagonist potentiates the effects of morphine on spatial and discrimination learning /." Electronic version (PDF), 2005. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2005/millerl/laurencemiller.pdf.
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Miller, Jeff. "On the possibility of detecting low barrier hydrogen bonds with UV spectroscopy and kinetic measurements /." Electronic version (PDF), 2004. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2003/millerj/jeffmiller.pdf.
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Turner, Piers Norris Postema Gerald J. "Mill's epistemic liberalism." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2009. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,2560.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2009.Title from electronic title page (viewed Oct. 5, 2009). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Philosophy." Discipline: Philosophy; Department/School: Philosophy.
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Campestrini, Luciano Henrique. "Aloe barbadensis Miller." Florianópolis, SC, 2007. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/90377.
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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia.Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-23T09:19:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 241320.pdf: 5259097 bytes, checksum: 23aa56b3fc0bfa7d7770fecca6b64d33 (MD5)
Aloe barbadensis Miller, planta também conhecida como Aloe vera L., uma espécie originária do Continente Africano, possui diversas propriedades medicinais determinadas por metabólitos encontrados no extrato do parênquima clorofiliano e no parênquima de reserva. Este último, é rico em polissacarídeos, principalmente polimananas do tipo b(1à4). Neste trabalho, foram estudadas as influências de fatores climáticos (temperatura média diária mensal, insolação, precipitação pluviométrica bimestral e umidade relativa diária bimestral) sobre a biossíntese de aloína (antraquinona majoritária) e da fração polissacarídica do extrato do parênquima de reserva ao longo do período de maio/2005 a maio/2006. Para tal, foram utilizadas amostras de população de plantas obtidas via micropropagação, de plantas produzidas no campo e também de folhas coletadas de mesmas plantas e de plantas distintas. A precipitação pluviométrica bimestral foi o fator de maior influência na biossíntese de aloína A, enquanto a fração polissacarídica mostrou-se mais afetada pelos efeitos da insolação e da precipitação pluviométrica bimestral. As análises realizadas na determinação das características físico-químicas e bioquímicas do extrato do parênquima de reserva mostraram teores de glicídios e proteínas proeminentes. Adicionalmente, a FP demonstrou uma pequena variação de conteúdos protéico e glicídico inter-coletas. Entretanto, na FPD o grau de variância foi maior, o que demonstrou a importância da diálise das amostras. A composição monomérica da FPD, utilizando CCD, revelou a presença de manose, glucose e galactose. A utilização das espectroscopias de FT-IR e 13C-RMN permitiu determinar de forma inequívoca a estrutura molecular da acemanana presente nas amostras em estudo, do padrão comercial e da acemanana isolada da fração polissacarídica. A análise quimiométrica (PCAs) viabilizou o estabelecimento de um padrão de distribuição fatorial das amostras de acordo com sua composição química e demonstrou que os efeitos de época de coleta e de diálise das amostras foram significativos para o perfil de agrupamentos observados. Os contaminantes presentes nas amostras e a intensidade de sinais nos espectros de FT-IR foram os principais responsáveis pela dispersão observada das amostras. A 13C-RMN mostrou que a purificação da acemanana não foi suficiente para garantir seu grau de pureza, no entanto, ficou acima do padrão usado comercialmente. Os ensaios de vascularização realizados na vesícula vitelínica e na membrana córioalantóica de Gallus domesticus produziram um efeito anti-vasculogênico e anti-angiogênico, sem comprometer a morfogênese embrionária, nos tratamentos com extrato do parênquima de reserva, da FP e de acemanana, nas concentrações de 10, 30 e 90mg/ovo.
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Batonon, Dolores Isidora Fifonsi. "Systèmes d'alimentation alternatifs pour le développement des filières volailles en régions chaudes." Thesis, Tours, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUR4017/document.
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L’objectif de ce travail était d’évaluer, les possibilités de diversification des matières premières utilisées en alimentation de la volaille et les conditions d’application des systèmes d’alimentation séquentielle et mélangée en milieu chaud. Une méta-analyse et deux expérimentations in vivo ont permis de conclure qu’il est possible de combiner sorgho/tourteau de coton et millet/sorgho dans l'aliment du poulet sans effet synergique sur les performances. Chez la poule pondeuse, une étude réalisée en milieu chaud et humide a permis de montrer que lorsque l’animal est soumis à des conditions thermiques et hygrométriques variables, les performances de production des poules en alimentation séquentielle et mélangée sont fortement affectées. En température chaude et constante, les poules en alimentation séquentielle ont une meilleure efficacité alimentaire que les poules en alimentation classique. Ce travail a permis de mettre en place des systèmes d’alimentation permettant de mieux valoriser des matières premières locales et d’améliorer l’ajustement des apports aux besoins des animaux. Les modèles présentés permettent ainsi de renforcer les liens entre filières avicole et végétale et de contribuer à leur développementThe objective of this work was to evaluate the impact of alternative feed ingredients in poultry feeding and to determine bird’s responses to sequential and loose-mix feeding in hot climate. A meta-analysis and in vivo trials were performed on the use of millet. sorghum and cottonseed meal in poultry diets. Results showed that simple or combined utilization of these ingredients resulted in similar feed intake and growth performance as corn/soybean-based diets. In laying hens, a study conducted in warm conditions showed that when they are subjected 10 variable temperature and humidity throughout and within a day, laying and growth performance decreased in sequential and loose-mix feeding. A second study confirmed that high environmental temperature does not disable sequential feeding benefits. This work suggest feeding systems in which feed ingredients produced in hot climates could be directly included in birds diets have been proposed. This will thereby help consolidating the links between poultry and vegetable supply chains and contribute to their development
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Milles, Lukas [Verfasser], and Hermann [Akademischer Betreuer] Gaub. "Mechanics of pathogen adhesion / Lukas Milles ; Betreuer: Hermann Gaub." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1202713068/34.
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Ltaif, Rachel. "Le mythe de l'enfance dans l'œuvre de Richard Millet." Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00921210.
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L'enfant pris comme un archétype est une constante humaine qu'on représente de différentes façons à travers le temps et les cultures. Richard Millet, en se référant à l'enfant caché en lui, à ce " mythe de l'intériorité ", tente de reconstruire son être intérieur à travers des mythographies rassemblées et coordonnées, afin d'éclaircir cette vérité ténébreuse des premières années de vie et de celles qui suivent la perte de l'enfance. L'objet de notre travail est de clarifier les voies de cette quête de l'enfance en recourant, tout d'abord, à la symbolique des lieux et du temps, la Corrèze et le Liban étant les lieux privilégiés de l'enfance de l'auteur et de ses personnages, vacillant tous entre le passé ou le premier âge et le présent de l'adulte. Ensuite, le mythe de l'enfance est interprété à travers l'imaginaire et les figures mythiques récurrentes : l'image de l'enfant dans la Bible et la tradition chrétienne, celle de la famille et celle du gouffre infernal et ténébreux dans lequel choit l'adulte après sa perte de l'enfance. Puis, les images de la mort représentées sous toutes les formes de la perte, hantent l'enfant milletien, non seulement le personnage fictif mais aussi l'écrivain. Il est alors question du jeu entre l'autobiographie et la fiction dans l'écriture. La naissance d'un mythe milletien est supposée apparaître à travers la création de certains personnages emblématiques comme Pascal Bugeaud, reflet fictif de l'auteur, et à travers l'intertextualité interne entre les œuvres. Par conséquent, l'enfance de Richard Millet serait impliquée dans la littérature contemporaine sous forme romanesque, montrant le conflit perpétuel entre l'enfance, l'homme et le monde extérieur.
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Dika, Hala. "Le Liban de Richard Millet : entre mémoire et imagination." Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00937268.
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Cette thèse porte sur la représentation du Liban dans l'œuvre de Richard Millet, à travers deux processus différents et complémentaires : la mémoire et l'imagination. Partant du constat que l'œuvre de cet écrivain s'avère étroitement liée à son expérience personnelle, nous travaillons sur une matière littéraire combinant le réel et le fictionnel, l'écriture de soi et le roman. Pour accompagner fidèlement cette expérience du sujet, il est d'abord question de l'espace libanais, dans une perspective qui dépasse la simple description pour atteindre les interactions entre l'individu et son environnement. De même est évoqué le rapport entre l'écriture et l'espace, dans la mesure où ce dernier participe au développement de la trame narrative. Le sujet et l'espace, ainsi que la majorité des éléments qui composent l'œuvre de Millet, sont soumis à un ordre commun, celui du Temps. Le retour obsédant du passé, et tout particulièrement de l'enfance libanaise, engendre un mouvement de ressassement général. Tous ces éléments participent à un projet harmonieux, celui d'une quête identitaire qui part d'une expérience personnelle pour atteindre une dimension universelle.
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Srinivasachary, S. "Construction of a finger millet-rice comparative genetic map." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.426426.
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Corlett, Janet E. "Leucaena/millet alley cropping in India : microclimate and productivity." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.328810.
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Lazaro, Ezra Lyimo. "Improvement of the dehulling efficiency of sorghum and millet." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.299349.
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Ahn, Sung-Eun. "Jean-François Millet et les écrivains de son siècle." Paris 4, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA040268.
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Jean-François Millet (1814-1875) est né à l’époque romantique et a vécu jusqu’aux débuts de l’impressionnisme. Au XIXe siècle, beaucoup d’écrivains, grâce aux grandes expositions, aux Salons, aux Expositions universelles, et à la demande de plus en plus croissante de la presse, deviennent critiques d’art, de Gautier à Baudelaire, de Barbey d’Aurevilly à Huysmans, et bien d’autres encore, oubliés de nos jours. L’évolution du jugement sur l’oeuvre de Millet apparaît ainsi à travers leurs écrits, que nous avons rassemblés. Ces textes permettent de mieux situer le peintre et ses oeuvres, tout en suivant le jugement esthétique des écrivains de son siècle. Nos recherches couvrent le début de la carrière de Millet, les années 1840, jusqu’aux succès posthumes, l’exposition rétrospective à l’École des beaux-arts en 1887 et la vente de L’Angélus en 1889Jean-Francois Millet (1814-1875) was born in the era of Romanticism and died at the beginning of Impressionism. In the nineteenth-century, due to the great exhibitions, the Salons, and the Exposition Universelle as well as the increasing demand of the press, many writers became art critics : for example, Gautier, Baudelaire, Barbey d’Aurevilly, Huysmans, and still many more forgotten in our day. The change in appreciation of Millet’s artwork can be attested through the documents gathered in this research. This documentation makes it possible to appreciate and to allocate an appropriate place to this painter and his works, as well as to follow contemporary aesthetic evaluations on his works. This research covers the beginning of Millet’s career as a painter in the 1840s, up to his posthumous success, the Retrospective Exhibition at the École des Beaux-Arts in 1887 and The Angelus sale in 1889