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Academic literature on the topic 'Désagrégation des précipitations'
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Journal articles on the topic "Désagrégation des précipitations"
Crétat, Julien, Benjamin Pohl, Philippe Drobinski, and Yves Richard. "Désagrégation numérique de précipitations en Afrique australe et dynamique atmosphérique associée (Numerical disaggregation of precipitations in Southern Africa and associated atmospheric dynamics)." Bulletin de l'Association de géographes français 87, no. 2 (2010): 194–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/bagf.2010.8152.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Désagrégation des précipitations"
Guilloteau, Clément. "Approche physico-statistique de la désagrégation des précipitations satellite dans les Tropiques." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30216/document.
Full textRainfall variability involves a wide range of scales: from the millimeter-scale associated with microphysics to the synoptic scale of the global atmospheric circulation. No existing observation system is able to cover all these scales by itself. Satellite-based observation systems are currently the most efficient systems to resolve the large spatial and temporal scales: from mesoscale meteorology to the synoptic scale. This thesis is dedicated to the exploration of satellites ability to resolve spatial scales from 100km to 2km and temporal scales from 24h to 15 min (in order to resolve the diurnal cycle). The chosen approach is both physical and statistical (or deterministic and probabilistic). The idea is that the deterministic approach can resolve the large scales, but several factors limit its relevance when dealing with fine scales: -The limited resolution of the instruments. -The number of orbiting instruments that limits temporal sampling. -The dynamic nature of fine scale variability. At fines scales, most of the errors in rainfall estimation from satellite comes from not perfectly localizing the precipitating cells. The first objective of this thesis is to identify precisely the lowest limit in scale where the deterministic approach is appropriate. The implementation of the physical-statistical approach relies on an existing multisensor estimate of daily precipitation at a 1° resolution: the TAPEER algorithm developed as part of the Megha-Tropiques mission. The chosen method is a hybrid physical disaggregation and stochastic downscaling via a multiscale representation. The result is an ensemble of high-resolution probable realizations of the rain intensity field. The ensemble is constrained by a high resolution rain detection mask derived from meteosat-SG infrared images at 3km resolution (one image every 15 minutes). The uncertainty associated with the final estimation is handled through the ensemble dispersion. Every realization is generated so that its statistical properties (frequency distribution of the intensities, autocorrelation function) mimic those of the true rain field. The generated fields and the proposed technique contribute to hydrological applications for instance by improving the runoff associated to high precipitation rates in models. Using several realizations is a way to study uncertainty propagation through a model
Biaou, Angelbert. "De la méso-échelle à la micro-échelle : désagrégation spatio-temporelle multifractale des précipitations." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2004. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001573.
Full textVischel, Théophile. "Impact de la variabilité pluviométrique de méso-échelle sur la réponse des systèmes hydrologiques sahéliens : modélisation, simulation et désagrégation." Grenoble INPG, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006INPG0033.
Full textIt is of primary importance to understand how the climate variability influences the response of the Sahelian hydrological systems in ord to anticipate the hydrological impact of future climate changes and to define suitable strategies. Such studies require linking the large scale climate scenarios to the very localized water budget of sm ail catchments. This work deals with such scale issues which are essential when outputs of climate models are used to force hydrological models. The data used here characterize the continuum of space-time scales displayed by the Iwo types of hydrological systems of the Sahelian region: the sm ail endoreic systems at the left bank of the Niger River and the larger right bank tributary exoreic systems. Three main axes are investigated in the work. First we synthesize and update previous works about the description and the modelling of mesoscale rainfall variability, through the fine scale data from the AMMA-CATCH Niger observa tory. Then the impact of the spatial and temporal rainfall variability on runoff is quantified by assessing the error committed when input hydrological model data used sub-sample this rainfall variability. Finally, regarding these results and by using the developed modelling tools, rainfall regime changes and their impact on runoff are investigated through (i) the characterization of changes that have occurred during the particularly dry 1970-1989 period, (ii) hypothetic scenarios based on the actual knowledge of the potential climate changes that cou Id occur in the future
Harader, Elizabeth. "L'impact du changement climatique sur les événements hydrologiques extrêmes des petits bassins versants méditerranéens : le cas du bassin versant du Lez." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30010/document.
Full textThe Mediterranean region of southern France experiences extreme autumn rainfall, sometimes leading to violent flash floods. The evolution of these floods under the influence of climate change is a key question for the Mediterranean region, where a rapidly growing population puts human lives at stake. The difference in scale between the resolution of climate model outputs and hydrological impacts is a challenge for the study of flash floods in a future climate. The goal of this doctoral thesis is to propose a methodology adapted to the study of climate change impacts on flash floods in the small Mediterranean catchments of southern France. The Lez catchment near Montpellier was selected for a case study. Early results suggest that the intensity of flash floods may increase in the Lez catchment in a future climate. However these results are heavily dependent on the choice of the climate model used to simulate changes in precipitation and the evolution of future soil conditions, which were not taken into account in this study
Boe, Julien. "Changement global et cycle hydrologique : une étude de régionalisation sur la France." Toulouse 3, 2007. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/227/.
Full textAs most of Europe, France might undergo severe climate changes during the 21st century. In this thesis we study the impacts of these changes on the hydrological cycle, at the scale of the French river basins. A statistical downscaling method, based on the concept on weather types is built and applied to regionalize an ensemble of climate scenarios in order to force an hydro-meteorological model. Severe impacts occur as soon as the middle of the 21st century, characterized by a strong decrease of mean river flows and a great increase in the occurrence of low-flow. Other downscaling methods are used in order to test the sensivity of the results to the choice of the method: this sensivity is limited. Actually, the main source of uncertainty lies in the choice of the climate model. To finish, we try to better understand the reasons for the spread of the climate change scenarios over Europe
Marty, Renaud. "Prévision hydrologique d'ensemble adaptée aux bassins à crue rapide : élaboration de prévisions probabilistes de précipitations à 12 et 24h : désagrégation horaire conditionnelle pour la modélisation hydrologique : application à des bassins de la région Cévennes Vivarais." Grenoble, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010GRENU005.
Full textCatchments of Southern France are regularly subject to quick floods, usually in autumn, generated by intense rainfall events. Thus, flood risk is a major concern, necessitating a maximal lead-time to issue early flood warning, as well as an estimation of future discharges. Firstly, the elements required for hydrological forecasts and the related uncertainties are illustrated. Then, a simple and modular approach adapted to flash flood catchments (having a time to peak of about few hours) is proposed. Considering the targeted lead-time (24-48h), quantitative precipitations forecasts are a key element of this approach. Two prediction systems are described and evaluated: the EPS ensemble forecasts provided by ECMWF and the ANALOG probabilistic forecasts issued from an analog sorting technique produced by LTHE. A statistical correction of the latter is suggested to improve its reliability. The different forecasts are thereafter disaggregated by a generator from a 12 or 24 hours time-step to hourly scenarios which respect the precipitation forecasts and are climatologically consistent. Rainfall scenarios are then used as input to a simple and robust hydrological model, to provide hydrological ensemble forecasts. These forecasts get noticeably improved when sub-daily information about rainfall amounts is provided, either from EPS at a 6 or 12h time-step, or from ANALOG applied at 12h, or from a combination of both approaches, taking into account daily rainfall amount from ANALOG and a sub-daily chronology from EPS at 6h
Marty, Renaud. "PREVISION HYDROLOGIQUE D'ENSEMBLE ADAPTEE AUX BASSINS A CRUE RAPIDE. Elaboration de prévisions probabilistes de précipitations à 12 et 24 h. Désagrégation horaire conditionnelle pour la modélisation hydrologique. Application à des bassins de la région Cévennes Vivarais." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00480713.
Full textGential, Luc. "Modélisation du bilan de masse en surface de la calotte glaciaire antarctique." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00189139.
Full textMalbéteau, Yoann. "Suivi des ressources en eau par une approche combinant la télédétection multi-capteur et la modélisation phénoménologique." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30193/document.
Full textThis thesis aims to improve the spatio-temporal resolution of surface water fluxes at the land surface-atmosphere interface based on appropriate models that rely on readily available multi-sensor remote sensing data. This work has been set up to further develop (disaggregation, assimilation, energy balance modeling) approaches related to soil moisture monitoring in order to optimize water management over semi-arid areas. Currently, the near surface soil moisture data sets available at global scale have a spatial resolution that is too coarse for hydrological applications. Especially, the near surface soil moisture retrieved from passive microwave observations such as AMSR-E (Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-EOS) and SMOS (Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity) data have a spatial resolution of about 60 km and 40 km, respectively. In this context, the downscaling algorithm "DISaggregation based on Physical And Theoretical scale Change" (or DisPATCh) has been developed. The near surface soil moisture variability is estimate within a low resolution pixel at the targeted 1 km resolution based on an evapotranspiration model using LST (Land surface temperature) and NDVI (vegetation index) derived from MODIS (MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) data. Within a first step, DisPATCh is applied to SMOS and AMSR-E soil moisture products over the Murrumbidgee river catchment in Southeastern Australia and is evaluated during a one-year period. It is found that the downscaling efficiency is lower in winter than during the hotter months when DisPATCh performance is optimal. However, the temporal resolution of DisPATCh data is limited by the gaps in MODIS images due to cloud cover, and by the temporal resolution of passive microwave observations (global coverage every 3 days for SMOS). The second step proposes an approach to overcome these limitations by assimilating the 1 km resolution DisPATCh data into a simple dynamic soil model forced by reanalysis meteorological data including precipitation. The original approach combines a variational scheme for root-zone soil moisture analysis and a sequential approach for the update of surface soil moisture. The performance is assessed using ground measurements of soil moisture in the Tensift-Haouz region in Morocco and the Yanco area in Australia during 2014. It is found that the downscaling/assimilation scheme is an efficient approach to estimate the dynamics of the 1 km resolution surface soil moisture at daily time scale, even when coarse scale and inaccurate meteorological data including rainfall are used. The third step presents a physically-based method to correct LST data for topographic effects in order to offer the opportunity for applying DisPATCh over mountainous areas. The approach is tested using ASTER (Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission Reflection Radiometer) and Landsat data over a 6 km by 6 km steep-sided area in the Moroccan Atlas. It is found that the strong correlations between LST and illumination over rugged terrain before correction are greatly reduced at ~100 m resolution after the topographic correction. Such a correction method could potentially be used as a proxy of the surface water status over mountainous terrain. This thesis opens the path for developing new remote sensing-based methods in order to retrieve water inputs -including both precipitation and irrigation- at high spatial resolution for water management
Messager, Christophe. "COUPLAGE DES COMPOSANTES CONTINENTALE ET ATMOSPHERIQUE DU CYCLE DE L'EAU AUX ECHELLES REGIONALE ET CLIMATIQUE.- APPLICATION A LA MOUSSON OUEST AFRICAINE -." Phd thesis, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00122548.
Full textEnfin, une expérience de couplage entre les modèles MAR et ABC interfacés à l'aide de modèles SVAT (Surface Vegetation Atmosphere Transfer) est réalisée sur le bassin de la Sirba.
La haute résolution du SVAT sur la Sirba entraîne alors des modifications dans le traitement des flux, de la température de surface, et dans le bilan en eau. La partie hydrologique montre, pour sa part, sa capacité à moduler les variations apportées par le SVAT haute résolution en modifiant le bilan en eau et par là même l'albedo et le bilan d'énergie.