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Faure, Elisabeth. "À la recherche de l’île oubliée : la Sardaigne des voyageurs." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAL039.
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Peut-on encore aujourd’hui s’engager dans un travail de recherche qui se donne pour objet la littérature du voyage en Italie ? Scruté par des exégètes passionnés qui en revisitent inlassablement les dynamiques touffues, mis en lumière dans ses élans et ses césures, le Grand Tour semble désormais s’offrir au chercheur comme un terrain d’investigation singulièrement orphelin de zones d’ombres.Or l’attention fervente dédiée à la péninsule est loin d’être uniforme, pas plus que ne l’a été son arpentage. Elle tend à se focaliser sur les pulsations significatives de certains épicentres sensibles, rejetant du même coup dans une périphérie quelquefois imprécise certains excursus mineurs affranchis des itinéraires codifiés appelés à drainer le flux des élites européennes.La présente étude se donne pour objet l’une de ces « marges » du voyage : l’île de Sardaigne, terre de confins ancrée au cœur de l’espace méditerranéen, encore inconnue alors que s’achève ailleurs le recensement du monde. À la fois jalon cardinal sur les principales routes méditerranéennes et Ultima Thulé condamnée à une longue relégation, le territoire insulaire affiche durablement la virginité d’antipodes indécis avant de devenir l’ultime étape d’un « Petit Tour » retardataire sous l’impulsion d’un bataillon clairsemé de découvreurs alternatifs.Afin de retracer l’aventure du voyage en Sardaigne, il convient d’explorer dans un premier temps le jeu de représentations complexe dont se nourrit l’image de l’île, marquée par une énigmatique ambivalence. Il s’agit ensuite de comprendre les mécanismes qui président à un lent dévoilement : longtemps cantonnée au statut d’étape fortuite, la Sardaigne va également devenir promesse d’explorations pionnières. Après avoir dressé le profil des acteurs du voyage, enquêté sur les motivations qui les animent, on les suivra dans leur itinérance, de la découverte de l’espace à la bouleversante confrontation avec une altérité aussi dérangeante que fascinante. On s’attache ainsi à mettre en lumière la richesse des visions inspirées par le microcosme insulaire, creuset de mythologies contrastées et berceau d‘imaginaires, ainsi que la vigueur des stratégies déployées par les voyageurs pour légitimer leur entreprise au regard de la référence écrasante constituée par la tradition du Grand Tour. Délaissé par ces écrivains qui vont ailleurs s’accaparer le récit de voyage, le périple sarde se confirme sans doute comme un excursus mineur. Toutefois le corpus qui en retrace les expériences singulières ne pouvait se soustraire aux dynamiques appelées à déterminer les enjeux et les ambitions de la littérature viatique au cours du XIXe siècle. Le cheminement de l’écriture fait donc l’objet d’une réflexion spécifique visant à capturer au fil des pages l’aspiration timide à une littérarité possible.Le corpus exploré, encore largement inédit, couvre un « grand siècle » (1792-1909) et se focalise sur les voyageurs de l’aire francophone, sans s’interdire les apports précieux que constituent les témoignages d’autres visiteurs européens et certains textes choisis (édités ou issus de fonds d’archives) empruntés à une chronologie élargieItaly occupies a very peculiar place in the history of travel. Considered a cradle of the Western world, the country was seen by travelers as the essential destination of the European Tour, where members of the classically trained elite, exposed to the finest achievements of art and architecture, yearned to reclaim the legacy of ancient civilizations.By the end of the 18th century, the Italian Grand Tour had stretched as far as Calabria and Sicily, inspiring countless travel accounts. But most travelers deliberately forgot to embark on the ultimate journey : remote, supposedly wild and dangerous, the little-explored island of Sardinia remained an enigma.This study explores the relatively small corpus of texts dedicated to Sardinia, focusing on French travel writing (although a wider range of sources is used in the study) and covering what may be called a “long nineteenth century” (from 1792 to 1909)
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Moore, Gregory Allison Business Law & Taxation Australian School of Business UNSW. "A theory-based description of Australian franchising regulation." Publisher:University of New South Wales. Business Law & Taxation, 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/41223.
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This paper examines franchising regulation in Australia as a case study for the analysis of regulation based on established regulatory theory. A literature review is conducted to establish and critique the theory of regulation based on the four main areas of established theory; regulatory purpose, regulatory strategies, rulemaking and enforcement. Case study data is drawn from primary source material and academic commentary on franchising regulation and presented according to the eras of franchising regulation in Australia, moving from the first proposals for legislation in the 1970s to the prescribed mandatory Franchising Code of Conduct model adopted in 1998 and refinements made to that scheme up to 2006. An analysis is then conducted on each major aspect of Australian franchising regulation using the established theoretical principles and analytical constructs available in the literature. The study concludes that the Franchising Code of Conduct regime, as a culmination of the experience gained and study undertaken in the preceding eras, is characterised by the availability of a broad range of enforcement options from harsh deterrence-oriented measures to more gentle and cooperative compliance-oriented options constituting an effective regulatory pyramid. The effectiveness of the regime is further bolstered by the presence of a credible regulatory strategy pyramid which emphasises the real possibility of escalated intervention, coupled with skilful deployment by the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission as enforcement agency. The principal weakness of the scheme is identified as unnecessarily ambiguous drafting in some areas, which compromises the quality of the otherwise highly transparent ruleset. It is suggested that the choice of regulatory strategy, often a focus of superficial examinations of regulation, is largely irrelevant to the nature of the regulation, with other features such as enforcement strategy, legitimacy, and availability of credible sanctions proving much more important. A proposal for an analytical framework based on the established theory is developed based on the experience of applying that theory to the case study. While this outlined framework assists in broadening focus across the entire regulatory regime to encourage assessment of the component parts, a lack of cohesion and linkage amongst the components highlights a shortcoming in the development of regulatory theory and an opportunity for further research.
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Hoffmann, Dorothea. "Descriptions of motion and travel in Jaminjung and Kriol." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2012. http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:158778.
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The thesis provides an in-depth analysis of motion event descriptions of two Australian indigenous languages. Jaminjung is a highly endangered non Pama-Nyungan language with approximately 50 remaining speakers. Kriol, an English-lexified Creole, is spoken by about 20.000 people in different varieties across northern Australia. While the languages are typologically very different, occupancy of the same linguistic and cultural area provides an intriguing opportunity to examine the effects of culture and language contact on conceptual components and distribution patterns in discourse. This investigation also applies and tests a number of existing frameworks and typologies regarding the linguistic encoding of motion and space in general. The thesis first provides an overview of the encoding of motion event descriptions in Jaminjung and Kriol. It becomes clear that, concerning overt marking of case, ground-encodings follow a systematic semantic pattern with no or rare case-marking for deictic terms, optional marking for toponyms and mandatory marking for all other types of landmarks. Furthermore, the structure and semantics of the motion verb phrase is investigated. Particularly noteworthy here is a study of asymmetrical serial verb constructions in Kriol which revealed a number of previously undescribed types. Following this, various proposals for a typology of Frames of Reference are applied. The notion of ‘anchor’ is at the centre of the analysis. The investigation shows that contextual restrictions for the use of Jaminjung’s absolute terms can be accounted for by a restriction on egocentric anchoring and ‘Orientation’ settings only. Furthermore, absolute Frame of Reference is realised differently in Roper and Westside Kriol respectively, suggesting an ongoing influence of the traditional languages spoken by the respective communities rather than the lexifier English. Jaminjung and Kriol, additionally, prefer the use of absolute over relative Frame of Reference. The following chapter investigates how lexicalisation patterns influence the distribution of path and manner encodings in discourse. After concluding that Jaminjung might best be described as following an equipollently-framed pattern and Kriol as satellite-framed, path and manner salience is investigated in different types of discourse using a dataset of motion event encodings in a Frog Story collection and a general corpus of various discourse environments. It is concluded that while the two languages behave very differently with regards to frequency patterns of ground- and other path-encodings, they show remarkable similarities in distributing path and manner over larger chunks of discourse. These findings suggest that cultural influences may sometimes override structural typological constraints. Finally, motion event encodings in specific types of discourse are analysed. Regarding route descriptions, speakers show a clear preference for dynamic over static modes of presentation. This includes encoding ‘fictive motion’ events for which a figure- and ground-based distinction is introduced. Additionally, concerning the use of deictics in a comparative analysis of different types of corpora for both languages, it was shown that the distribution of absolute terms remains stable across discourse environments while deictic usage differs drastically. Lastly, the concept of ‘motion’ is abstracted and described as a kind of structuring device in narratives. It is shown that the ‘journey’ within the story world is used by speakers of both languages to bridge episodes sometimes even overriding a temporal in favour of a spatial order of events.
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Dömötör, Ildikó. "Gentlewomen in the bush : a historical interpretation of British women's personal narratives in nineteenth-century rural Australia." Monash University, School of Political and Social Inquiry, 2004. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/5283.
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Hultzsch, A. "An archaeology of perception : verbal descriptions of architecture in travel writings." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2011. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1335832/.
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This thesis relates two fields, the history of perception and that of language, to each other in order to argue that the ways in which we verbally describe buildings are inherently linked to the way in which we look at and make sense of them. It will show that what we understand when seeing, what we know to have seen, is shaped by the means we find to express and communicate it. The subject matter of this research is the unfamiliar architectural object as it is perceived, described and imagined while travelling. Contextualising and linking various descriptions of built spaces in travel writings at distinct moments between the seventeenth and twentieth century, perceptual modes of British and German travellers in Italy and England are mapped out. Special emphasis is placed on the context of the seventeenth century, and the birth of Empiricism, which is argued to have led to a new way of perceiving as well as describing the built environment. Texts investigated include travel diaries, letters, guidebooks as well as novels by authors such as John Evelyn, John Bargrave, Daniel Defoe, Tobias Smollett, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Jacob Burckhardt, John Ruskin and Nikolaus Pevsner. Through an archaeology of perception, local and often fragmentary narratives are constructed - ‘snapshots’ which focus on past moments rather than providing an extensive historical panorama. Processes of rendering, ordering, thinking, looking and reading the perceived are submitted to methods drawn from the following fields: the disciplines of history - the histories of art, sciences and literature - as well as the cognitive sciences, particularly cognitive linguistics, alongside the more specific concerns of architectural history and theory. Modes of perception located and retraced include notions of immediate and detached recording, of fragmented and vectorial structuring, of emotional versus truthbearing seeing, of a pure and hyperreal looking as well as of itemizing against visual description.
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Patkar, Manjiri. "Virtual imagery in nineteenth century French travel narratives perception and description of architectural space /." Diss., University of Iowa, 2002. http://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/192.
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Kotzé, Louis Jacobus Daniël. "An investigation into the coverage of diverse forms of tourism in South African travel magazines." Thesis, University of Port Elizabeth, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/339.
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There have been several changes in tourism in South Africa since 1994. During apartheid, black people were not allowed to become involved in important aspects of tourism, particularly at management level. However, this situation is changing and all cultures are gradually becoming engaged in th e tourism industry. The economic progress of the black community has resulted in the materialization of cultural villages, tourism projects to give rural people jobs, and an increase in township tourist attractions, heritage tours, etc. These initiatives have led to the establishment of certain types of tourism such as cultural tourism, urban tourism and community-based tourism. It could be said without hesitation, at the prescientific level, that the diversity in cultures, for one, is a major attraction of this country. Another change has been the increase in tourism from countries which have been excluded from South Africa in the past. Examples of these are African countries such as Kenya and Nigeria, as well as countries on other continents, including India, Bangladesh and the East-European bloc. Up to 2003/4, South Africa experienced the longest uninterrupted period of economic growth in its history. This resulted in people being able to afford a higher standard of living and therefore having more money to spend on travelling. as the economic growth stimulated the growth of tourism, both local and foreign, in the country. Seen from the perspective of the tourism industry, it is important to keep the public informed and up to date about what a country has to offer in order to maintain the increase in tourism. The media assist in this process. The travelling public is informed by word of mouth, but also through newspapers, magazines, television and radio. Information about the different attractions, whether cultures, wildlife or sport, et cetera, would not always be easy to find, were it not for the media. As tourism grows, more tourist attractions will develop, with a bigger need for tourists to be informed as an immediate result. The role of the media in this information giving is th erefore constantly on the increase.
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Haubenstricker, Daniel L. "Images of Madison, Indiana : a method for tourism planning in historic places." Virtual Press, 1986. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/450105.
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The goal of the thesis is to plan for tourism in a historic community in a manner that would enrich the experiences of its visitors and residents. In order to avoid tourism's undesirable impacts, a method is presented to document residents' and visitors' problems and the improvements they desire, and to describe and compare their images of Madison.Data collection begins with structured interviews followed by a questionnaire distributed to random samples of residents and visitors. The results of the questionnaire analysis establish the residents' and visitors' images. The two images are compared using statistical tests to identify the places with greatest, moderate, and least image differences. Out of the twenty-six places tested, eleven show significant image differences.The image findings are incorporated into the site analysis for tourism. Objectives for tourism are expressed in a concept diagram, and then refined in a conceptual plan. The accompanying recommendations outline policies for proposed facilities, visitor-resident relations, and environmental education.Department of Landscape Architecture
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Diamond, Katherine. "Reducing these loose papers into this order : a bibliographical sociology of the Principall Navigations (1589)." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2012. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/8362.
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This thesis takes the first edition of Principall Navigations, Voiages and Discoveries of the English Nation (1589) as its focus. A significant, sixteenth-century printed text and Richard Hakluyt’s major work, it is familiar to scholars of the period. Its rich archival source has aided understanding of early modern geography, English discovery and cultural encounters. It has also been evaluated in relation to Hakluyt’s substantial contribution to the burgeoning literature of vernacular prose and to imperial expansionism. My thesis conceives a social history of the production, transmission and reception of Principall Navigations from bibliographical analysis, an investigative method that has remained largely untapped. In each chapter, I incorporate information drawn from the material text into an appreciation of historical practice and relocate Principall Navigations more precisely in its socio-historical moment. This engages with and, in some cases, destabilizes current critical positions. In the first chapter, I explore the importance of Hakluyt’s patrons. Francis Walsingham’s essential role is recorded through his connection with the various interdependent networks of people involved in the book’s production and Hakluyt’s description of his ‘prescribed limites’. This chapter re-evaluates authorial subjectivity. In chapter two, Walsingham’s authority over the Queen’s printing house generally and the production of Principall Navigations particularly is traced through the examination of the Stationers’ Company archive and the evolution of the office of the royal printer. This chapter contends that Walsingham commanded the production of Principall Navigations. Chapter three represents a bibliographical study which integrates the production of Principall Navigations into the Queen’s printers’ general work patterns and investigates textual variants and paper-stocks. The date of the interpolation of the Drake leaves is posited with reference to the debate concerning their suppression. The final chapter explores the relationship between early modern readers and empirical records, through historical reading practice, and concludes by evaluating the location of discursive authority.
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Dubertrand, Rémy. "Deux applications du chaos quantique : étude des fonctions d'ondes aléatoires via SLE et description de cavités diélectriques." Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA112354.
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Au cours de cette thèse, nous avons étudié deux problèmes spécifiques de chaos quantique. D'abord, nous avons confirmé le modèle de percolation critique pour décrire statistiquement les lignes nodales des fonctions d'onde de systèmes classiquement chaotiques. Dans ce but, les lignes ont été décrites à l'aide d'un processus de Schramm-Loewner et notre étude numérique concorde avec le récent théorème liant ce processus et la percolation au seuil critique. Dans une seconde partie nous avons généralisé les résultats connus en chaos quantique sur les billards fermés aux cavités diélectriques ouvertes. Nous avons donné des formules générales pour une légère pertubation d'une cavité circulaire et proposé une généralisation de formule de trace pour ces systèmes. En particulier nous donnons les premiers termes de la série de Weyl pour compter le nombre de résonances d'une cavité diélectrique. Ces résultats sont en accord avec les mesures expérimentales et nos calculs numériques. Ces deux études montrent le caractère fondamental et transversal des techniques du chaos quantique pour les problèmes actuelsDuring my thesis we studied two specific problems in quantum chaos. First we confirmed the percolation mod describing the nodal lines of wavefunction of classically chaotic systems. These lines were described via a certain Schrammm Loewner Evolution process and our study agrees with the recent theorem stating that it is linked with the critical percolation. Secondly we generalized results in quantum chaos weil known for closed billiards to open dielectric cavities. We gave general formulas for a slight pertubation of a circular cavity and proposed a generalized trace formula for these systems. We especially gave the first terms of a Weyl expansion in order to count the resonances of a dielectric cavity. These results agree weil with experimental data and numerical simulations. Both these studies show how fundamental and transverse techniques of quantum chaos are for topical problems
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Spyker, Stephen K. "Spirituality and technology on the Appalachian Trail : a study in frontiers." Virtual Press, 2004. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1290777.
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Bush, Charmel Lolita. "Image of Nelson Mandela Bay (NMB): an external stakeholder's perspective." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/9097.
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A distinctive destination image is required in order to compete with other destinations for tourists and investors alike. This main objective of this study is to develop a model for destination image formation for Nelson Mandela Bay as a secondary economy to boost its global competitiveness. Several researchers have studied destination image and based on the fact that tourists and investors usually have a limited knowledge of destinations they have not previously visited, destination image fulfils an important function insofar as destinations with strong, positive, discriminatory and recognisable images. A literature study was conducted to identify the key influencers on destination image as well as to identify which forces are likely to influence the destination image of Nelson Mandela Bay. The different factors of destination image were identified from the literature sources and these factors provided a basis for an empirical study that was conducted amongst external stakeholders. The primary research objective was to create a model of destination image for Nelson Mandela Bay and to explain the cause and effect relationship between the dependent and independent variables. Added to the primary research objective, eight secondary research objectives were identified. The primary research question for this study was to identify what influences the destination image of Nelson Mandela Bay. Added to the primary research question, the researcher also identified eight research questions as part of the study. The empirical analysis was used to test the hypotheses and ultimately develop a model for destination image formation for Nelson Mandela Bay. This study was exploratory in nature and thus used a limited sample to gain insights for further research. Data were obtained through questionnaires that were distributed electronically to 120 respondents. This study concluded with the development of a destination image model for Nelson Mandela Bay that can be expanded upon with further research. The results indicate that general infrastructure and social environment; leisure and recreation; and culture influence the Affective component of Nelson Mandela Bay. Information sources and Political stability and risk influence the Cognitive component of Nelson Mandela Bay. Together the Affective and Cognitive component makes up the overall image of Nelson Mandela Bay.
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Chang, Na. "The East and the West in the travel writings of the late medieval East and West." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708975.
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Girardin, Jordan. "Travel in the Alps : the construction of a transnational space through digital and mental mapping (c. 1750s-1850s)." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/10648.
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The period between the 1750s and 1830s witnessed a major change in travel practices in Europe, moving away from the traditional Grand Tour and focusing more on natural places, their visual power, and their influence on individual emotions. Such changes meant that the Alps ceased to be seen as a natural obstacle that had to be crossed in order to access Italy, and became a place to explore and a mountainous space par excellence. This thesis addresses the importance of mental mapping in travel literature and its impact on the construction of the Alps as a transnational space, which eventually facilitated the creation of a viable touristic market in the Alps as we know it today. The first part of the thesis analyses the transformation of the Alps from a natural frontier to a border region explored by travellers and their networks. The second part discusses the consequences of these changes on mental mapping and spatial representations of the Alps by travellers: it highlights the way external visitors often had very subjective interpretations of what the Alps meant as a term and a place, and conveyed those to other travellers through travel writing. Finally, the third part of this work investigates the development of an Alpine myth as a product of these shifting mental representations: the Alps became a set of expectations, typical images, and encounters to be expected.
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Pockley, Simon Charles Nepean. "The flight of ducks research report." [Melbourne] : S. Pockley, 1998. http://purl.nla.gov.au/nla/pandora/FOD.
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"Submitted by Simon Charles Nepean Pockley ... as a partial requirement for Degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Project 18th July, 1998". "WARNING culturally sensitive material". Available [on line] http://www.cinemedia.net/FOD/FOD0043.html Archived at ANL http://purl.nla.gov.au/nla/pandora/FOD http Text, graphics, sound and animation The Flight of ducks is a multi-purpose on-line work built around a collection of archival material from a camel expedition into the central Australian frontier in 1933. This journey was revisited in 1976 and retraced in 1996."- leaf 1.
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Kamanga, Vikelwa Vicky. "Product labelling and trade descriptions the failure to warn and the Consumer Protection Act 68 of 2008." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/62541.
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Ashworth, Margaret Jane. ""To be" in design, travel and nature: The applicability of E-Prime to descriptive writing." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1994. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/971.
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Trépanier, Stéphane. "Description de l'incidence et de certains facteurs de risque de la malaria, l'hépatite A, la typhoïde et la shigellose chez les voyageurs québécois." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5963.
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Au Québec, en 2007, plus de 1 384 000 voyages internationaux ont été effectués. Ce nombre est 50 % plus élevé qu'il ne l'était en 2000. Conséquemment, le comité consultatif québécois sur la santé des voyageurs (CCQSV) a émis, comme priorité en 2008, de dresser un portrait actuel de l'épidémiologie et du fardeau lié aux maladies acquises en voyage. OBJECTIFS Décrire l'épidémiologie des 4 maladies à l'étude au Québec, entre 2004 et 2007. Secondairement, comparer certains résultats avec une étude antérieure pour 3 de ces maladies et valider une variable nommée "ÉPISODE ACQUIS HORS QUÉBEC" ajoutée au fichier provincial des maladies à déclaration obligatoire (MADO) en 2003. DEVIS : Étude descriptive transversale des cas de fièvre typhoïde, d'hépatite A, de malaria et de shigellose. DONNÉES ET MÉTHODOLOGIE: Les cas des quatre maladies à l'étude, inscrits dans le fichier MADO, entre les années 2004 et 2007, ont été analysés avec l'information disponible dans les enquêtes épidémiologiques. Pour les cas de shigellose, un échantillonnage a eu lieu. Les variables ont été colligées par un seul évaluateur à l'aide d'une grille pré-testée. La qualité des données a été validée par une double collecte et une double saisie. Lorsque possible, les données concernant l'ensemble des voyageurs, et non seulement les cas, ont été tirées des données sur les voyages internationaux de STATISTIQUE CANADA. La sensibilité et la spécificité de la variable "épisode acquis hors Québec" ont été calculées en comparant l'information inscrite au fichier MADO avec celle des questionnaires d'enquête épidémiologique des directions de santé publique, considérés comme l'étalon or. L'étude de Provost et al. (2006) a été utilisée aux fins de comparaisons. RÉSULTATS: La proportion de cas liés aux voyages a été calculée : malaria (78,3 %), fièvre typhoïde (73,4 %), shigellose (50 %) et hépatite A (35,8 %). Le nombre de cas déclarés durant la période varie de 55 cas pour la fièvre typhoïde à 760 cas pour la shigellose. L'incidence annuelle moyenne (par 100 000 personnes) liée aux voyages pour la période 2004-2007 est de 0,59 pour la malaria, 0,13 pour la fièvre typhoïde, 0,49 pour la shigellose et 0,44 pour l'hépatite A. Les immigrants qui retournent visiter la famille et les amis (VFA). sont importants en proportion chez les cas de malaria (52,9 %). Les cas d'hépatite A surviennent davantage durant les voyages de plus de deux semaines (75,6 %). Une proportion importante des cas d'hépatite A provient de l'Afrique (28,3 %). Le sous-continent indien obtient le rapport du nombre de cas sur le nombre de voyages le plus élevé pour la fièvre typhoïde, l'hépatite A et la shigellose. La shigellose se démarque des autres maladies avec une majorité de cas chez les touristes (76,1 %) et les cas surviennent principalement lors de courts séjours d'une semaine ou moins (39,6 %). La variable "ÉPISODE ACQUIS HORS QUÉBEC" du fichier MADO présente encore une proportion importante de dossiers ou l'information est inconnue (28,6 %) pour les maladies à l'étude. En excluant les données inconnues, la variable présente une sensibilité de 97,5 % et une spécificité de 98,5 %. Comparativement à la période 2000-2002, la proportion de cas chez les VFA a augmentée pour la malaria et la fièvre typhoïde. La proportion de cas de malaria contractés en Afrique sub-saharienne a aussi augmentée (87,2 % vs 72 % en 2000-2002). CONCLUSIONS Les 4 maladies à l'étude sont encore des maladies fréquentes chez les voyageurs internationaux québécois. Les voyageurs à destination de l'Afrique et du sous-continent indien méritent une attention spéciale, tout particulièrement les voyageurs du type VFA. Les touristes devraient être avisés du risque de shigellose malgré la vaccination contre d'autres maladies. Il est recommandé d'uniformiser le format des questionnaires d'enquête au niveau provincial et de sensibiliser les professionnels à l'importance de saisir le pays d'acquisition au fichier MADO. Malgré l'excellente sensibilité et spécificité de la variable, il est conseillé de l'utiliser avec prudence.
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Iwaza, Lana. "Joint Source-Network Coding & Decoding." Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA112048/document.
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Dans les réseaux traditionnels, la transmission de flux de données s'effectuaient par routage des paquets de la source vers le ou les destinataires. Le codage réseau (NC) permet aux nœuds intermédiaires du réseau d'effectuer des combinaisons linéaires des paquets de données qui arrivent à leurs liens entrants. Les opérations de codage ont lieu dans un corps de Galois de taille finie q. Aux destinataires, le décodage se fait par une élimination de Gauss des paquets codés-réseau reçus. Cependant, dans les réseaux sans fils, le codage réseau doit souvent faire face à des erreurs de transmission causées par le bruit, les effacements, et les interférences. Ceci est particulièrement problématique pour les applications temps réel, telle la transmission de contenus multimédia, où les contraintes en termes de délais d'acheminement peuvent aboutir à la réception d'un nombre insuffisant de paquets, et par conséquent à des difficultés à décoder les paquets transmis. Dans le meilleurs des cas, certains paquets arrivent à être décodés. Dans le pire des cas, aucun paquet ne peut être décodé.Dans cette thèse, nous proposons des schémas de codage conjoint source-réseau dont l'objectif est de fournir une reconstruction approximative de la source, dans des situations où un décodage parfait est impossible. L'idée consiste à exploiter la redondance de la source au niveau du décodeur afin d'estimer les paquets émis, même quand certains de ces paquets sont perdus après avoir subi un codage réseau. La redondance peut être soit naturelle, c'est-à-dire déjà existante, ou introduite de manière artificielle.Concernant la redondance artificielle, le codage à descriptions multiples (MDC) est choisi comme moyen d'introduire de la redondance structurée entre les paquets non corrélés. En combinant le codage à descriptions multiples et le codage réseau, nous cherchons à obtenir une qualité de reconstruction qui s'améliore progressivement avec le nombre de paquets codés-réseau reçus.Nous considérons deux approches différentes pour générer les descriptions. La première approche consiste à générer les descriptions par une expansion sur trame appliquée à la source avant la quantification. La reconstruction de données se fait par la résolution d'un problème d' optimisation quadratique mixte. La seconde technique utilise une matrice de transformée dans un corps de Galois donné, afin de générer les descriptions, et le décodage se fait par une simple éliminationde Gauss. Ces schémas sont particulièrement intéressants dans un contexte de transmission de contenus multimédia, comme le streaming vidéo, où la qualité s'améliore avec le nombre de descriptions reçues.Une seconde application de tels schémas consiste en la diffusion de données vers des terminaux mobiles à travers des canaux de transmission dont les conditions sont variables. Dans ce contexte, nous étudions la qualité de décodage obtenue pour chacun des deux schémas de codage proposés, et nous comparons les résultats obtenus avec ceux fournis par un schéma de codage réseau classique.En ce qui concerne la redondance naturelle, un scénario typique est celui d'un réseau de capteurs, où des sources géographiquement distribuées prélèvent des mesures spatialement corrélées. Nous proposons un schéma dont l'objectif est d'exploiter cette redondance spatiale afin de fournir une estimation des échantillons de mesures transmises par la résolution d'un problème d'optimisation quadratique à variables entières. La qualité de reconstruction est comparée à celle obtenue à travers un décodage réseau classiqueWhile network data transmission was traditionally accomplished via routing, network coding (NC) broke this rule by allowing network nodes to perform linear combinations of the upcoming data packets. Network operations are performed in a specific Galois field of fixed size q. Decoding only involves a Gaussian elimination with the received network-coded packets. However, in practical wireless environments, NC might be susceptible to transmission errors caused by noise, fading, or interference. This drawback is quite problematic for real-time applications, such as multimediacontent delivery, where timing constraints may lead to the reception of an insufficient number of packets and consequently to difficulties in decoding the transmitted sources. At best, some packets can be recovered, while in the worst case, the receiver is unable to recover any of the transmitted packets.In this thesis, we propose joint source-network coding and decoding schemes in the purpose of providing an approximate reconstruction of the source in situations where perfect decoding is not possible. The main motivation comes from the fact that source redundancy can be exploited at the decoder in order to estimate the transmitted packets, even when some of them are missing. The redundancy can be either natural, i.e, already existing, or artificial, i.e, externally introduced.Regarding artificial redundancy, we choose multiple description coding (MDC) as a way of introducing structured correlation among uncorrelated packets. By combining MDC and NC, we aim to ensure a reconstruction quality that improves gradually with the number of received network-coded packets. We consider two different approaches for generating descriptions. The first technique consists in generating multiple descriptions via a real-valued frame expansion applied at the source before quantization. Data recovery is then achieved via the solution of a mixed integerlinear problem. The second technique uses a correlating transform in some Galois field in order to generate descriptions, and decoding involves a simple Gaussian elimination. Such schemes are particularly interesting for multimedia contents delivery, such as video streaming, where quality increases with the number of received descriptions.Another application of such schemes would be multicasting or broadcasting data towards mobile terminals experiencing different channel conditions. The channel is modeled as a binary symmetric channel (BSC) and we study the effect on the decoding quality for both proposed schemes. Performance comparison with a traditional NC scheme is also provided.Concerning natural redundancy, a typical scenario would be a wireless sensor network, where geographically distributed sources capture spatially correlated measures. We propose a scheme that aims at exploiting this spatial redundancy, and provide an estimation of the transmitted measurement samples via the solution of an integer quadratic problem. The obtained reconstruction quality is compared with the one provided by a classical NC scheme
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Knöck, Raymond Bennett. "The emergence of a sunspot tourist destination : a case study of St. Kitts." Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=64024.
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Zhou, Lichen. "Destination attributes that attract international tourists to Cape Town." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
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This thesis identified Cape Town's important destination attributes. It also examined how and to what extent Cape Town's important destination attributes impact on international tourists decision on choosing Cape Town as their destination.
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Dubertrand, R. "Deux applications du chaos quantique : etude des fonctions d'ondes aleatoires via SLE et description de cavites dielectriques." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00343367.
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Au cours de cette thèse, nous avons étudié deux problèmes spécifiques de chaos quantique. D'abord, nous avons confirmé le modèle de percolation critique pour décrire statistiquement les lignes nodales des fonctions d'onde de systèmes classiquement chaotiques. Dans ce but, les lignes ont été décrites à l'aide d'un processus de Schramm-Loewner et notre étude numérique concorde avec le récent théorème liant ce processus et la percolation au seuil critique. Dans une seconde partie nous avons généralisé les résultats connus en chaos quantique sur les billards fermés aux cavités diélectriques ouvertes. Nous avons donné des formules générales pour une légère pertubation d'une cavité circulaire et proposé une généralisation de formule de trace pour ces systèmes. En particulier nous donnons les premiers termes de la série de Weyl pour compter le nombre de résonances d'une cavité diélectrique. Ces résultats sont en accord avec les mesures expérimentales et nos calculs numériques. Ces deux études montrent le caractère fondamental et transversal des techniques du chaos quantique pour les problèmes actuels.
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Manly, Tongila M. "Exporting After Trade Missions: A Qualitative Analysis of Small and Medium Enterprises." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1973.
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Some U.S. small and medium enterprises (SMEs) participate in trade missions but return with no results. Accordingly, some researchers question the effectiveness of these export promotion programs. The purpose of this qualitative descriptive study was to explore the experiences of SME representatives who had attended a trade mission to South Africa. The research question explored the strategies that SME leaders required to successfully export their goods and services after a trade mission using the conceptual framework of resource-based theory. Snowball sampling was used to recruit and gather interview data from 22 SMEs. Thematic analysis of interview data and document sources, inductively and deductively coded, identified themes of strategic planning processes, country briefings, reasons for being in the country, resources, barriers, positive outcomes, and export commitments. Associated with these themes, 5 stages of the trade mission process and a model of the dynamic relationships in a trade mission emerged, which include recommendations of how to effect change in the process. The results from this study are expected to inform new interventions for export promotion programs for SME exporters. This study promotes social change by preparing SMEs to export, thus building more sustainable U.S. businesses. Applying these findings can support the development of SMEs to export and become long-term exporters benefiting the businesses, employees, and their communities through improved wages and increased tax revenues.
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Lundkvist, Ellen. "Cultural Professionalism : Links of implementation and information between public administration and minority groups. A description and an evaluation of its trade-offs." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-314148.
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With increased immigration into western democracies, how to establish generalised trust in society has received new attention. Are minorities and immigrants low trust levels best remediated through Putnam’s theory of civil organisation engagement or Rothstein’s theory of impartial institutions? Simultaneously, people are hired based on their cultural identity to work with minorities and immigrants in Swedish public administration, which is thought to increase the target group’s trust. This resembles the ideas of representative bureaucracy and conflicts with traditional merit recruitment and Rothstein’s theory. This thesis uses an inductive ideal type method based on an assumption of thin rationality to study the phenomena of hiring based on cultural identity, which it names cultural professionalism. It askes firstly, what does cultural professionalism contribute with that makes it desirable for actors in public administration and how is this related to trust? Secondly, what are the trade-offs when using cultural professionalism in public administration? Through studying the rational of the phenomena for actors directly affected by it, the findings indicate that cultural professionalism is a way to communicate information and legitimise implementation towards minority groups. The cultural professionals use their trustworthiness within the group to link implementation and information from public administration towards the group, and information from the group towards public administration. This information also has a socialising potential. The trust is however particularised, i.e. not bridged to public administration. Problematic logics discovered in the material are evaluated towards the three values of public administration: democracy, rule of law and efficiency. In sum, cultural professionals imply trade-offs for democracy and rule of law, and appears to favour efficiency. Lastly, cultural professionalism is described and defined as a “new” ideal type legitimacy model in policy implementation.
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Thompson, Madeline Ardell. "A descriptive study of travel and tourism education programs at the secondary school level in the United States." Diss., This resource online, 1997. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-10022007-144816/.
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Norris, Mary Beth. "A walking tour for elementary students of the historical district of Highland, California." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1998. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1441.
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Kublalsingh, Wayne. "A description of the trade in Readers for children by Longmans to British India and by Thomas Nelson to the British West Indies (1900-1939), and an examination of the motifs in the Readers' texts." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.333249.
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Walker, Brett L. "William Smith Clark: A Study in Education, Christianity, and American-Japanese Cooperation in the Nineteenth Century." PDXScholar, 1993. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4640.
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In March, 1990, I was hired to teach English in Japan at a small, private academy in Chitose, Hokkaido. The school was called the Academy of Clark's Spirit. My first day at work I was asked by my boss, Sato Masako: "So Mr. Walker, of course you know who Dr. Clark is?" I told Mr. Sato that I was sorry, but that I did not. "You said in your resume that you are a history student? We named this school after him. He's one of the most important people in Hokkaido's history," he said, looking disappointed. Mr. Sato explained that he wanted me to teach with the spirit of Clark in mind and bring to his classrooms what Clark brought to Hokkaido over a hundred years before. I nodded and asked to see my apartment. I began this study of William Smith Clark after my first stay in Hokkaido. It is the product of my interest in modern Japanese history, particularly Japan's relationship with the United States. The first leg of this project was started in Amherst, Massachusetts, where I met with Dr. John Maki. He directed me through the Clark collection at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst. I had several interviews with Maki during the week I was in Massachusetts and was given liberal access to the Clark collection under his influence. The second leg of my study was continued in Sapporo, Hokkaido. I met with Dr. Toshiyuki Akizuki at Hokkaido University and was shown through the Clark collection there. I lived in Hokkaido for about two years and have kept notes on the tribute paid to Clark and visible signs of his impact on the northern island. The focus of this study is to look at Clark's contribution to the development of Hokkaido by detailing his work in education, Christianity, and agriculture. By focusing on Clark's particular contribution to Hokkaido a larger historical trend, that is, the importation of foreign ideas in the history of Meiji Japan, is better understood. ~he results of this study conclude that Clark was an important figure in the history of Hokkaido's settlement, and to the development of nineteenth century Japan.,. ,Clark was also an important figure in the history of the relations between Japan and the United states., It is in lasting institutions like Hokkaido University and the Sapporo Independent Christian Church where Clark's impact is best illustrated. These institutions, particularly the university, were the nerve centers for Hokkaido's development, and Clark planted these seeds of enlightenment, under the direction of the Meiji government, in the fertile northern soil. I have gained a better understanding of Clark's stay in Hokkaido because of this project, but doubt that I could even now satisfy Mr. Sato's insistence that I teach with Clark's spirit. I do understand, however, why it was important to Mr. Sato that I try. Clark's phrase "Boys Be Ambitious" still embodies the spirit of many educators in Hokkaido and his success with Japanese students is one of the better examples of international exchange in any country. Clark is cherished by the people of Hokkaido as the spiritual pioneer of their island even though his stay
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Medawar, Christian. "Mary Edith Durham and the Balkans, 1900-1914." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23726.
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This thesis is an exposition on the British traveller Mary Edith Durham and her various activities in the Balkans from 1900 to 1914. Durham earned a reputation as an ethnographer, traveller, reporter, political activist and relief worker. First, the thesis documents her experiences between 1900-1908 as a traveller in the Balkans. In this period Durham developed a keen interest for the history and cultures of the peoples of the Balkans. She also gained a solid knowledge of Balkan politics and became a familiar face in Montenegro and the Albanian territories of the Ottoman Empire. The study then describes her relief work in Albania and her efforts to lobby for the Albanian cause from 1910 to 1914, when she returned to England.The research consists of both published works and unpublished sources, some of which have not been used for studying Durham. These include Durham's personal manuscripts, correspondence from other personal papers, and documents from the British Foreign Office archives. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Furgiuele, Peter M. "A museum about the city: an air rights proposal for Boston." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53068.
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The John F. Kennedy Expressway, commonly known as The Central Artery, is an elevated highway running north-south through downtown Boston. It is an immense structure which cuts its way through the urban fabric, is a considerable source of noise and pollution, and visually segregates the city’s downtown from its vital waterfront.
Recently a study was undertaken to explore the possibility of removing the elevated Central Artery and replacing it with a tunnel in order to alleviate traffic congestion and noise, curtail pollution and reunite the downtown with the waterfront. If this proposal were carried through, fifteen air-rights parcels (approximately twenty acres) would become available for development in Boston’s inner core. This thesis explores one possible way of using a specific air-rights parcel above the proposed tunnel.Master of Architecture
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Axelsson, Martin, and Filip Lundin. "The Impact of Financial Performance on SMEs Utilization of Trade Credit : A Descripto-Explanatory Study of the Swedish Market." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-126478.
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Debt and financial leverage have for long been a well debated topic in managerial finance since the revolutionizing theories developed by Modigliani & Miller. Researchers have for many consecutive years reviewed the relationship between the choices of financing and its impact on financial performance. However, many of the theories developed have gained critique due to their limited applicability to small- and medium-sized enterprises, since they often neglect market imperfections. More specifically, small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) have fewer available sources of funds compared to larger corporations, making existing traditional theories of capital structure inadequate. They thus have to turn to more alternative sources of funding, namely trade credit. This implies the possibility of a reverse causation where capital structure may be a byproduct of financial performance for SMEs. This field is not sufficiently researched yet, in particular with regards to the Swedish market. Hence, the goal of this degree project is to fill an existing research gap that concerns the impact of financial performance on the usage of trade credit for SMEs based in Sweden. Empirical evidence about SMEs financing decisions forms the basis for answering the research question, which asks: How does the financial performance of SMEs in Sweden affect their usage of trade credit? For this purpose, the investigation builds upon a five-year time frame (2010-2015) where approximately 19 910 Swedish SMES comprise the scrutinized sample population. Certain criteria have been defined in order to establish the population, allowing the authors to maneuver this degree project accordingly. In order to examine the relationship between financial performance and its effect on the usage of trade credit, different financial performance indicators are considered and statistically analyzed through a multiple regression model. Additionally, other determinants of capital structure are utilized as control variables to reinforce the explanatory power. Based on 115 091 observations, the majority of outcomes reveal a negative relationship between Swedish SMEs financial performance and their usage of trade credit. Nevertheless, positive relationships are observed with regards to return on equity, long-term debt-to-equity and size. Essentially, the study is able to answer the given research question and demonstrate that financial performance affects SMEs’ usage of trade credit. Additionally, the findings demonstrate that traditional capital structure theories poorly explain small-and medium-sized enterprises financing decisions. Conclusions are of great benefit for SMEs’ managers in search of optimal capital structure.
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Schlirf, Michael. "Revision and description of Keuper (Middle Ladinian to Rhaetian) invertebrate trace fossils from the southern part of the Germanic Basin and studies of related material." Doctoral thesis, [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=974391433.
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Bruguier, Nathalie. "D'une France l'autre : voyage et écriture à la Renaissance (1550-1598)." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=33273.
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Turks and Indians are the two major figures of the Other in French Renaissance literature. The purpose of this thesis is to explore otherness from a closer point of view by analysing the discursive allusions of the inhabitants of the South of the French Kingdom, particularly those of the "Province de Languedoc" throughout a collection of texts from the second half of the 16th century, whether they be strictly of a literary, historical or geographical source. Using the imagology method, the idea of the South being a key space in the emergence of the French identity is challenged.First of all, the South legislates as a land of industrious administrators. However, even if it shows a claim for independence---a secularly evidenced fact---it nevertheless remains subject to the French Crown. Southerners, with identical customs as those of the French, are already part of this political entity. Schismatic area par excellence that tears the State apart, shown by numerous Huguenot patches in the Languedoc region, it is about to embrace the faith of the Same. This tendency occurs together with the linguistic phenomenon: the use of the French language develops at the same time as the practice of Law. The various parameters that distinguish the Other from the Same tend to converge to make the Southerner a subject per se of the Kingdom of the Valois. Far from questioning the foundation of the modern French identity, the people of Languedoc and other Southerners, with a rich distinct set of customs, contribute to it in several ways.
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Smit, Susanna Elizabeth. "Die aanwending en integrasie van pikturale en geskrewe bronne vir 'n kultuurhistoriese evaluering van geselekteerde temas van die Wellington-omgewing, 1657-1900." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52190.
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Thesis (MA)-- Stellenbosch University, 2001.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In this study pictorial Africana are used to sketch a socio-historical image of certain aspects of Wellington (previously known as Waggonmakers Valley) during the period 1657 to 1900. Together with written sources such as letters, diaries and travel diaries, the pictorial sources (in this case paintings, pictures and maps) are considered primary sources. Although the inhabitants of Waggonmakers Valley and later Wellington clearly developed an own identity, Wellington cannot be viewed in isolation. The town and region are placed in the broader context of the Drakenstein Valley and the Western Cape. The establishment and development of the town are placed within the prevalent political and economic climate of that time. Historical highlights of the town's history are given in short. A list of artists, pictorial works and place of conservation where these pictorial works are being conserved was compiled. It was attempted to determine the artists' connection with the Drakenstein Valley, Waggonmakers Valley and Wellington in each discussion. In the discussion of the territory (bodem) the Waggonmakers Valley is placed in the context of the Drakenstein Valley. In this discussion the discovery and settlement of the valley are considered, as well as the naming of the Drakenstein Valley, Waggonmakers Valley and Wellington. The appearance of the valley, mountains, hills, as well as the vegetation, animal life and bird life are discussed. The influence of the Berg River and other rivers on the inhabitants' lives is included in the discussion, as well as relevant folk-tales and popular beliefs. Where applicable, various uses for plants (e.g. medicinal) in these people's daily lives are discussed. In the discussion of the church the following aspects are considered: the beginning of missionary work in the Waggonmakers Valley, the secession of the church and the subsequent establishment of Wellington, as well as some religious aspects such as the "Wederdoper" Sect and the big revival of 1860. Festivals, sports and recreation depict the social activities of the Wellington people up to the end of the nineteenth century. In the discussion of the architecture, aspects such as political, economic and social influences on building style as well as building materials and building methods were taken into account. To illustrate: the opening of the Wellington railway line and the opening of Bainskloof Pass influenced the architecture of the town and region. Influencing factors on the lay-out of the town as well as the meaning of BainskloofPass for Wellington were considered.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Pikturale Africana word in hierdie studie as 'n bron aangewend om 'n kultuurhistoriese beeld met betrekking tot sekere aspekte van Wellington, voorheen bekend as Wagenmakersvallei, gedurende die periode 1657 tot 1900, te skets. Die pikturale bronne is saam met die geskrewe bronne, wat briewe, dagboeke en reisjoernale insluit, as primere bronne beskou. Die pikturale bronne verwys in hierdie geval na skilderye, tekeninge, prente en kaarte. Alhoewel die inwoners van die Wagenmakersvallei en later Wellington duidelik 'n eie identiteit ontwikkel het, kan Wellington nie in isolasie gesien word nie. Die dorp en omgewing word binne die groter geheel van die Drakensteinvallei en Wes-Kaap geplaas. Die ontstaan en groei van die dorp is binne die heersende politieke en ekonomiese klimaat van die tyd geplaas. Historiese hoogtepunte in die dorp se geskiedenis is kortliks aangedui. 'n Lys van kunstenaars en pikturale werke, asook die plek van bewaring van hierdie pikturale bronne, is saamgestel. Daar is gepoog om die kunstenaars se verband met die Drakensteinvallei, Wagenmakersvallei en Wellington in elke bespreking vas te stel. In die bespreking van die bodem word die Wagenmakersvallei binne die konteks van die Drakensteinvallei geplaas. Daar word in die bespreking gekyk na die ontdekking en vestiging van die vallei, sowel as die naamgewing van die Drakensteinvallei, Wagenmakersvallei en Wellington. Die voorkoms van die vallei, berge, heuwels, sowel as die plantegroei, dier- en voellewe word bespreek. Die invloed van die Bergrivier en ander riviere op die lewens van die mense word in die bespreking ingesluit, sowel as relevante volksvertellings en volksgelowe. Die gebruik van plante vir medisinale en ander gebruike in die daaglikse lewe van die mense, is waar toepaslik bespreek. In die bespreking van die kerk is daar gekyk na die ontstaan van sendingwerk in die Wagenmakersvallei, die afstigting van die kerk, die gevolglike ontstaan van Wellington en enkele geestelike aspekte soos die Wederdopersekte en die groot herlewing van 1860. Feesvieringe, sport en ontspanning skets die sosiale bedrywighede van die Wellingtonners tot die einde van die negentiende eeu. Aspekte soos politieke, ekonomiese en maatskaplike invloede wat boustyle beinvloed het, sowel as boumateriaal en -metodes, is in ag geneem in die bespreking van die argitektuur. Ter illustrasie: die opening van die spoorlyn tot by Wellington en die opening van Bainskloofpas het 'n invloed gehad op die argitektuur van die dorp en omgewing. Daar is gekyk na faktore wat die dorpsuitleg beinvloed het, asook die betekenis van Bainskloofpas vir Wellington.
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Andersson, Jonas. "Inomföretagshandel : en deskriptiv studie av de gängse ekonomiska modellernas förmåga att förklara inomföretagshandel." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Social and Economic Geography, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-106133.
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This essay in economic geography describes what intra-firm trade as a concept is and different ways to determine in which cases trade is to be labeled as intra-firm trade (IFT) or not. The method used by the author is most easily described as descriptive. This method was chosen in order to test if existing theories; classic and neoclassic economics, new trade theory and international business studies, are capable to explain the phenomena of IFT. The theories are tested trough primary and secondary literature but also trough reasoning by the author.
The conclusion is that the most reasonable way to determine whether trade occurs intra-firm or not, is to decide upon a 5-% rule where it when one part owns 5-% of the voting strength in the other company is to be considered intra-firm trade. This is a conclusion based on several reasons; the strongest one being that a common view on IFT could boost comparative studies as the U.S already collects data based on the 5-% rule.
Classic and neoclassic economics are incapable of explaining IFT as aprerequisite for these theories is that markets are perfect. IFT can only beexplained by models building on imperfect markets hence new trade theory and international business are more successful in explaining IFT.
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Della, Rocca de Candal Geri. "Bibliographia Historica Byzantina : a historical and bibliographical description of the early editions of the Corpus Historiæ Byzantinæ (1556-1645)." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:110af123-aec5-4518-984e-f92a2acfd3c6.
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This thesis is concerned with the editorial, printing and marketing history of four Byzantine historical narratives, published between 1556 and 1645, and soon collectively identified under the name Corpus Historiæ Byzantinæ (hereinafter, 'Byzantine Corpus'). The four Byzantine historians - Ioannes Zonaras, Niketas Choniates, Nikephoros Gregoras and Laonikos Chalkokondyles - enjoyed considerable popularity in early modern Europe, with a peak of interest in the second half of the sixteenth century. This thesis aims at highlighting how these four texts, despite being so popular in a number of early modern European countries (particularly in the German-speaking area, in Italy and in France), did not do so for the same reasons: in fact, depending on the country in which these books were printed, they were marketed, perceived and read in very different ways. This element is particularly relevant in light of the fact that the Byzantine Corpus represents the earliest predecessor of the Corpus Fontium Historiæ Byzantinæ, the modern resource for the study of Byzantine historical sources. Chapter 1 analyses the early formation of the Byzantine Corpus and, in particular, the figure of Hieronymus Wolf, first editor of the Byzantine Corpus, often considered the 'father' of Byzantine studies; his relation with his patrons, the Fuggers of Augsburg; finally, his relation with his publisher, the Basel printer Johannes Oporinus. It then provides contextualised bibliographical and paratextual descriptions of the editiones principes of the Byzantine Corpus, all printed in Basel. Chapters 2-5 reflect the same comparative approach, used to investigate how the later editions of the Byzantine Corpus were prepared and marketed in different European countries: each chapter provides a bibliographical and paratextual analysis of the subsequent German, Italian, French and Genevan editions respectively. The Conclusions draw together all the information collected in the previous chapters and investigate three pivotal aspects of the Byzantine Corpus: i) the formation of the Byzantine Corpus and the individual popularity of each of the four Byzantine historians based on the frequency and popularity of both individual and collective editions; ii) the distinctive reasons of their popularity, analysed through a comparison of the different approaches with which editors and publishers have presented these texts to their respective audiences in Germany, Italy and France; iii) the reasons for the rise and decline in popularity of the Byzantine Corpus in the early seventeenth century.
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Farnsworth, John Seibert. "Coves of departure : field notes from the Sea of Cortez." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/21811.
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Coves of Departure: Field Notes from the Sea of Cortez is a literary natural history presented in mixed forms of nature memoir, personal essay and redacted field notes. Intended as narrative nonfiction for general readership, it focusses on the natural history of Mexico’s Baja California peninsula, attending especially to the littoral zone of the Sea of Cortez. Numbered chapters narrate several sea kayak expeditions led by the author to the Isla Espiritu Santo archipelago of Baja California Sur. Chapters chronicling discrete expeditions are sectioned off by two long interludes that describe natural history explorations in the northern state, Baja California. The title essay, which transitions between the second interlude and the final chapter, investigates natural history from the perspective of material ecocriticism,.
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Dathan, Patricia Wendy. "The reindeer years : contribution of A. Erling Porsild to the continental northwest, 1926-1935." Thesis, McGill University, 1988. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61692.
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Schulenburg, Alexander Hugo. "Transient observations : the textualizing of St Helena through five hundred years of colonial discourse." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/3419.
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This thesis explores the textualizing of the South Atlantic island of St Helena (a British Overseas Territory) through an analysis of the relationship between colonizing practices and the changing representations of the island and its inhabitants in a range of colonial 'texts', including historiography, travel writing, government papers, creative writing, and the fine arts. Part I situates this thesis within a critical engagement with post-colonial theory and colonial discourse analysis primarily, as well as with the recent 'linguistic turn' in anthropology and history. In place of post-colonialism's rather monolithic approach to colonial experiences, I argue for a localised approach to colonisation, which takes greater account of colonial praxis and of the continuous re-negotiation and re-constitution of particular colonial situations. Part II focuses on a number of literary issues by reviewing St Helena's historiography and literature, and by investigating the range of narrative tropes employed (largely by travellers) in the textualizing of St Helena, in particular with respect to recurrent imaginings of the island in terms of an earthly Eden. Part III examines the nature of colonial 'possession' by tracing the island's gradual appropriation by the Portuguese, Dutch and English in the sixteenth and early seventeenth century and the settlement policies pursued by the English East India Company in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth century. Part IV provides an account of the changing perceptions, by visitors and colonial officials alike, of the character of the island's inhabitants (from the late eighteenth to the early twentieth century) and assesses the influence that these perceptions have had on the administration of the island and the political status of its inhabitants (in the mid- to late twentieth century). Part V, the conclusion, reviews the principal arguments of my thesis by addressing the political implications of post-colonial theory and of my own research, while also indicating avenues for further research. A localised and detailed exploration of colonial discourse over a period of nearly five hundred years, and a close analysis of a consequently wide range of colonial 'texts', has confirmed that although colonising practices and representations are far from monolithic, in the case of St Helena their continuities are of as much significance as their discontinuities.
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Jacobsson, Carl, and Jens Hedström. "Perceived Safety Risk and Information Search Behaviour for Rapid Transit Travel : A Descriptive and Explanatory Case Study of Stockholm’s Rapid Transit System." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-79959.
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By using perceived risk theory to research consumers' feeling of safety in rapid transit, this study brings insight to the limited research area of consumer perceived risk of travelling by rapid transit in the context of unsafe and unpleasant incidents and its effect on consumer search behaviour. The existing models of risk induced information behaviour are mostly relevant for complex decisions. Hence when considering the service characteristics of rapid transit, the established literature is limited which makes it difficult when predicting search behaviour outcomes. From a practical essence, one identified barrier that limits the full potential usage of rapid transit is consumers perceived risk. Problem oriented policies have been implemented to address these issues. However, these initiatives need to be assessed in conjunction with understanding consumer behaviour and risk. Formed by the experiential nature of service, consumers want to reduce risk by processing information. Thus, the purpose of the research is to gain a better understanding of the perceived risk of rapid transit travel with regards to personal safety and exploring its effect on consumer information search behaviour. To address the purpose, the following research questions were stated and tested through hypothesis. RQ1 How do consumers view the perceived risk of rapid transit with regards to unsafe and unpleasant events? RQ2 How does the perceived risk of rapid transit with regards to personal safety, affect consumer search behaviours? By conducting extensive literature search, a theoretical framework could be concluded. Consisting of theories and models from the marketing literature with emphasis towards consumer behaviour and perceived risk. Empirical data was gathered and tested against the theoretical basis using a quantitative method of questionnaire survey and yielded 117 respondents. The empirical data was analysed using multivariate methods where the results were compared against the literature. The study can conclude that established theories and models can partially be used to understand perceived risk and information search behaviour in the context of rapid transit. The concluded results suggest safety as an important buying goal when selecting transportation mode. Although a perception of risk is present when travelling by rapid transit. The perceived risk can also be concluded to affect information search behaviour. Where increased perceived risk also increases information search. The information search can both be through active and passive information acquisition. Where passive search is deemed as the dominant search behaviour. This could partially be explained through rapid transits purchase characteristics of being habitual buying, with an iterative process of passive absorption. Lastly, natural dominant channels are considered most useful to acquire information and past experience the single most useful source. Moreover, the theoretical implications are significant in the view of understanding consumers' search behaviour when dealing with perceived risk of travelling by rapid transit. In a practical sense the implications are significant when considering the importance of understanding perceived risk in conjunction with consumer search behaviour when implementing strategies. Further research, however, is needed to understand perceived risks underlying relations to consumer search behaviour when dealing with habitual buying behaviour and unique service environments.
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Becker, Anne Lynn. "The layout of the land : the Canadian Pacific Railway's photographic advertising and the travels of Frank Randall Clarke, 1920-1929." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=83171.
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This thesis examines the role of photography in making the Canadian Pacific Railway company (CPR) an integral part of Canadian mythology. It focuses on the company's photographic advertising in the 1920s, and the ways in which its increasingly nationalistic transcontinental brochures framed the country, and equated the act of travelling with nation-building and national identity.The CPR's tourist brochures established a visual vocabulary of the travelling experience, which was readily employed by individuals such as Montreal journalist Frank Randall Clarke. Clarke was sponsored by the CPR to travel across the country in the summer of 1929. His journalistic writing and personal photograph album allow for a rich analysis of the visual culture of the period, and they will be used to illustrate the ways in which the CPR represented Canadian progress, immigration, and tourism.
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McFarlane, Elizabeth Anne. "French travellers to Scotland, 1780-1830 : an analysis of some travel journals." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/21711.
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This study examines the value of travellers’ written records of their trips with specific reference to the journals of five French travellers who visited Scotland between 1780 and 1830. The thesis argues that they contain material which demonstrates the merit of journals as historical documents. The themes chosen for scrutiny, life in the rural areas, agriculture, industry, transport and towns, are examined and assessed across the journals and against the social, economic and literary scene in France and Scotland. Through the evidence presented in the journals, the thesis explores aspects of the tourist experience of the Enlightenment and post -Enlightenment periods. The viewpoint of knowledgeable French Anglophiles and their receptiveness to Scottish influences, grants a perspective of the position of France in the economic, social and power structure of Europe and the New World vis-à-vis Scotland. The thesis adopts a narrow, focussed analysis of the journals which is compared and contrasted to a broad brush approach adopted in other studies.
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Bazzocchi, Karl. "A westerner's journey in Japan : an analysis of Edward S. Morse's Japan day by day." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=101875.
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Japan Day by Day---the Western Zoologist Edward S. Morse's account of his stay in Japan from 1877 to 1883---is analyzed by first comparing it to other contemporary travelogues written by western travelers to Japan, and then by viewing it through a more theoretical framework, including Edward Said's theory on post-colonialism and Michel Foucault's theory of discourse and body experiences. Viewed through this framework, the goal of analysis is not to test the validity of Morse's writings, but to explore the formation of his interpretation of his experience in Japan.
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Schleif, Carolyn. "Oldfields : an historic structures report." Virtual Press, 1989. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/563163.
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The purpose of this master's thesis was to prepare anhistoric structures report on Oldfields, the former estate of Mr. Hugh McKennan Landon,and Mr. Josiah Kirby Lilly, Jr. It included some of the surrounding areas known as the Town of Woodstock and an area of land in the flood plains below the estate. Construction of the estate began in 1908 and was completed three years later. Of particular note was the historic landscape which was designed between 1920 and 1926 by Percival Gallagher of Olmsted Brothers, a firm in Brookline, Massachusetts. The estate has undergone limited change and has never been fully documented. Both the landscape and the home are eligible for inclusion on the National Register for their historic and architectural significance. To qualify for the Register, the site or building must be designed by a master, be an example of a unique method of construction, be associated with historically significant people, or be an excellent example of a type of design. Although only one of the above qualifications is necessary for National Register nomination, this estate met all four qualifications. Clearly, scholarly historical documentation of the site and building was in order. The timely need for such work was great, since few of the original family members were still alive, and rumors pertaining to the home and family were were being taken as fact.Department of Architecture
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Faulhaber, Felix. "Decision-making factors of German tourists travelling to South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/983.
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Thesis (MBA (Business Management))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The purpose of this report is to provide detailed insights into the marketing of services, specifically in the airline and travel agency industries. Therefore, the report firstly presents the existing literature, narrowing down the view from the traditional marketing approach with the 4P to the 7P approach for service marketing. As a final step, the few sources on airline and travel agency marketing are evaluated to identify gaps in the current research. Following this overview, the report explains the current situation within the airline and travel agency industries. The players in these markets currently face significant challenges, namely the competitive structure, changing booking behaviours, increasing competition of low-cost airlines, the rise of oil prices, increasing activities for environmental protection, structural problems of the major aircraft manufacturers, the open skies agreement between Europe and the US, and the current economic crisis. In order to successfully compete in this challenging environment, airlines as well as travel agencies need to understand the needs and preferences of their potential customers very clearly. Consequently, the researcher conducted a survey amongst passengers from Germany to South Africa in order to gain information on these preferences. This questionnaire aims to clearly identify the major decision-making factors of the passengers when choosing an airline or booking channel. Knowledge regarding these decision-making factors enables companies to design their offering in a way that the needs and preferences of passengers are optimally met, while the airline or travel agency can still operate profitably. The survey was posted online and 185 respondents across all age groups participated. The main insights of the results are that the price clearly is the dominant decision-making factor for both the choice of the airline and the choice of the booking channel. Furthermore, several hypotheses, which could be extracted from the literature, are tested. It is found that for travel agencies, the consulting services do not have any significant impact on the decision of the passengers. Their perceived competency, however, does play a reasonably important role and is consequently a factor that needs to be considered by travel agencies when designing the offer. For airlines, the flight schedule clearly constitutes the second most important factor. While the brand is at least considered fairly important, frequent flyer programmes, as well as the membership in an alliance, are not considered to be important at all for the decision of the airline. The report nevertheless explains why the membership in an alliance does, in reality, have significant positive effects on the performance of an airline, specifically through the positive impact on operating cost and improvements in the flight schedule. As a final step, the results are compared to a similar survey conducted by Wise Research Ltd. (2008: 3) and Lufthansa (Euler, 2005: 8). It is found that there are only slight variances between the results. A possible explanation for the variances could be that the economic environment has changed. Also cultural differences and differences between short- and long-haul flights are considered.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie verslag het die verskaffing van gedetailleerde insig in die bemarking van dienste ten doel, spesifiek in die lugredery- en reisagentskapbedrywe. Daarom bied die verslag eerstens die bestaande literatuur aan, terwyl die beskouing van die tradisionele bemarkingsbenadering met die 4P- tot die 7P-benadering vir diensbemarking vernou word. Laastens word die enkele bronne wat lugredery- en reisagentskapbemarking behandel, geëvalueer om leemtes in die bestaande literatuur te identifiseer. Na hierdie oorsig, verduidelik die verslag die huidige situasie in die lugredery- en reisagentskapbedrywe. Die rolspelers in hierdie markte kom voor beduidende uitdagings te staan, naamlik veranderende besprekingsgedrag, toenemende mededinging van laekoste-lugrederye, stygende oliepryse, toenemende optrede vir omgewingsbeskerming, strukturele probleme van die vername vliegtuigvervaardigers, die Oop Lugruimooreenkoms (Engels: Open Skies agreement) tussen Europa en die VSA, en die huidige ekonomiese krisis. Om suksesvol in hierdie uitdagende milieu mee te ding, moet lugrederye en reisagentskappe die behoeftes en voorkeure van hul moontlike kliënte baie duidelik begryp. Gevolglik het die navorser ʼn opname gemaak onder passasiers onderweg van Duitsland na Suid-Afrika om inligting omtrent hierdie voorkeure in te samel. Hierdie vraelys het beoog om die vername besluitnemingsfaktore van passasiers te identifiseer wanneer hulle ʼn lugredery of besprekingskanaal kies. Kennis omtrent hierdie besluitnemingsfaktore stel maatskappye in staat om hul aanbieding so te ontwerp dat die behoeftes en voorkeure van passasiers optimaal nagekom word, terwyl die lugredery of reisagentskap steeds winsgewend bedryf kan word. Die opname is aanlyn geplaas en 185 mense vanuit alle ouderdomsgroepe het deelgeneem. Die hoofinsigte van die resultate is dat prys duidelik die oorheersende besluitnemingsfaktor in beide die keuse van lugredery én die keuse van besprekingskanaal is. Verder is verskeie hipoteses wat vanuit die literatuur onttrek kon word, getoets. Vir reisagentskappe word daar bevind dat die konsultasiedienste geen beduidende invloed op die besluitneming van passasiers het nie. Daarteenoor speel hul vermeende bekwaamheid ʼn redelik belangrike rol en is gevolglik ʼn faktor wat deur reisagentskappe oorweeg moet word wanneer die aanbieding ontwerp word. Vir lugrederye is die vlugskedule duidelik die tweede belangrikste faktor. Terwyl die handelsmerk as minstens redelik belangrik beskou word, word gereëlde vlieërprogramme, asook die lidmaatskap van ʼn assosiasie, glad nie as belangrik beskou vir die keuse van lugredery nie. Die verslag verduidelik hoekom die lidmaatskap van ʼn assosiasie nieteenstaande in werklikheid beduidende voordelige invloede op die prestasie van ʼn lugredery het, spesifiek deur die voordelige invloed op bedryfskostes en verbeterings aan die vlugskedule. In ʼn finale stap word die resultate vergelyk met dié van ʼn soortgelyke opnames gemaak deur Wise Research Ltd. (2008: 3) en Lufthansa (Euler, 2005: 8). Daar word bevind dat daar slegs klein verskille in die bevindinge voorkom. ʼn Moontlike verduideliking van die verskille is dat die ekonomiese milieu verander het. Kulturele verskille tussen kort en lang afstand vlugte word ook oorweeg.
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Gebara, Alexsander Lemos de Almeida. "A experiência do contato. As descrições populacionais de Richard Francis Burton." Universidade de São Paulo, 2001. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8138/tde-29012002-121439/.
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Esta dissertação analisa as descrições populacionais escritas por Richard Francis Burton entre os anos de 1849 e 1869, publicadas em seus relatos de viagem sobre as regiões da Índia, Península Arábica, África Oriental, Central e Ocidental, e Brasil (viagens realizadas entre 1847 e 1867). O objetivo deste trabalho é notar as transformações nestas descrições e relacioná-las ao lugar de autoridade, à experiência da viagem e à alguns conceitos oriundos da etnologia e antropologia inglesa por volta deste período. A hipótese é que estes elementos interagem na construção do texto do autor e que a compreensão do conteúdo destas descrições torna-se bastante mais efetiva quando se considera esta interação. As posições ambíguas de Burton em especial quanto aos debates entre opções teóricas monogênicas e poligênicas tornam-se mais compreensíveis a partir do ponto de vista que analisa suas descrições através da observação destes três elementos.This dissertation analyses the populational descriptions written by Richard Francis Burton between 1849 and 1869, published in his books of travel above the regions of India, Arabic Peninsula, East, Central and West Africa, and Brazil (travels achieved between 1847-1867). The aim of this work is to note the transformations in these descriptions and connect them with the authority position, the experience of each travel, and the production of British ethnology and anthropology around those years. The hypothesis is that these elements interact in the construction of the authors writings, and that the understanding of these descriptions contents become much more effective when this interaction is considered. Burtons ambiguous positions, specially on the debates between monogenic and poligenic theoretic options, become more understandable when observed by the point of view which analyses his descriptions throughout the observation of these three elements.
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Kruszewska, Anna. "The futur of Luxembourg economy in world environment. Analysis based on formal description of international financial markets and real flows." Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ENSL0670.
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Le Luxembourg est le 3ème exportateur mondial de services financiers. Il figure parmi les pays qui accueillent le plus d’investissements directs en provenance de l’étranger, ce qui indique l’intensité de ses liens avec l’économie mondiale. Le but de ce travail est d’analyser l’influence éventuelle d’une économie mondiale caractérisée par l’interdépendance des marchés réels et financiers sur l’économie Luxembourgeoise. Chapitre 1 présente une analyse des interactions de l’économie Luxembourgeoise avec le monde extérieur. Le chapitre suivant est consacré à la revue de la littérature portant sur la modélisation de l’intermédiation financière au niveau macroéconomique, couvrant plusieurs types d’approches de modélisations. Enfin, le troisième chapitre comporte un modèle macroéconométrique multi-pays construit et analysé afin de simuler les scénarios plausibles. Le modèle y est présenté avec ses fondements théoriques, les résultats des simulations et une comparaison avec d’autres modèles. La nouveauté du modèle réside dans sa prise en compte du commerce international désagrégé en services financiers et autres, et des investissements internationaux en portefeuille avec leurs flux de titres et de capitaux, ainsi que de leur impact sur la croissance économique. Les résultats des simulations montrent que ce cadre d’analyse donne parfois des résultats différents par rapport aux modèles standards. Nombre de scénarios qui ne peuvent être simulés par d’autres modèles, tels que la baisse des flux internationaux d’investissements de portefeuille, sont également analysés et confirment la forte vulnérabilité du Luxembourg aux chocs externes qui ont lieu sur les marchés financiersLuxembourg is world’s third financial services exporter and one of world’s top recipients of foreign direct investment in value as well as per capita terms, which highlight its strong linkages with world economy. The objective of this dissertation is to analyze possible outcomes for the very small and very open economy of Luxembourg in a world environment, where real and financial markets affect each other. To better understand the characteristics of the economy and economic mechanisms behind them, a thorough analysis with emphasis put on the interactions with the outside world based on available data and relevant literature is presented (Chapter 1). Subsequently a survey of literature devoted to modeling financial intermediation at macroeconomic level across various types of modeling approaches is offered (Chapter 2). Finally, a multi-country macroeconometric model built to simulate possible scenarios is presented and analyzed (Chapter 3) with its theoretical background, simulations’ results and comparison with other models. The model is novel in that it accounts for international trade disaggregated into financial services and the rest, and international portfolio investment in securities and equity flows, that have a significant impact on the country’s economic growth. Simulations’ results show that such a framework generates sometimes markedly different results than more standard models. A number of scenarios which cannot be simulated in other models, such as American stock market fall or a decrease in international portfolio flows, are also analyzed and confirm the high vulnerability of Luxembourg economy to external shocks originating in financial markets
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Pinjari, Abdul Rawoof. "An analysis of household vehicle ownership and utilization patterns in the United States using the 2001 National Household Travel Survey." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0000280.
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Neumann, Peter. "United Nations procurement regime : description and evaluation of the legal framework in the light of international standards and of findings of an inquiry into procurement for the Iraq oil for food programme /." Frankfurt, M. ; Berlin Bern Bruxelles New York, NY Oxford Wien : Lang, 2008. http://d-nb.info/990602338/04.
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Jenson, Jason, and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "In search of a nobler past : incanismo and community tourism in Saraguro, Ecuador." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Dept. of Anthropology, c2011, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/3076.
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Historical notions of Noble Savagery have been contemporarily translated and massified in popular culture so that traits that “Indigenous People” are believed to possess, are conflated with those of the Noble Savage of lore and taken for granted as truth. The Noble Savage is the embodiment of the tourist’s notion of the authentic; the more traits Indigenous people are assumed to share with the western notion of the Noble Savage the more authentic they are deemed, and the more attractive they are to the visiting tourist. In Saraguro tourism and incanismo mutually validate and reinforce each other. Tourists valorize their own preconceived notions of indigenous culture, and in turn validate incanismo through participation in Incaic cultural performances. Neo-Incans are objectifying and consuming their own dreams though the tourist gaze, and the resultant cultural commodification and the (re)appropriation of a nobler past has led to cultural revalorization of an indigenous elite.viii, 213 leaves; 29 cm