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Journal articles on the topic 'Description and trave'
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Degtyarev, D. S. "SCIENTISTS AND TRAVELERS ABOUT BIYSK IN THE 19th – THE BEGINNING OF THE 20th CENTURY." Bulletin of Kemerovo State University, no. 1 (March 20, 2017): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2078-8975-2017-1-24-28.
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Biysk, being the second town of Altai of its size, attracted many scientists and travelers. They created colorful and unforgettable images of the town in the XIX – the beginning of XX century. 14 descriptions produced by 12 authors in 1810 – 1917 were analyzed to establish if the image corresponded with reality. There were rather different descriptions ranging from official geographical reviews to emotional lines of travel diaries. A comparative analysis allowed us to conclude that those images of Biysk were real in their description of dirty streets adjoining beautiful churches and comfortable fashionable hotels. Still, subjective factor influenced to the images of Biysk as well. Readers in the XIX century could trace all changes of the life of the town – from a fortress on the boarder to a small trade town (where inhabitants hadn’t got even a sundial) and then to the important economic and cultural center of the region – “the window to Europe” for Mongolia”. The image of the town gradually changed from negative to neutral and positive. It was determined by real economic and cultural development of Biysk. The result of this exploration allows one to define the way a Russian regional town was represented in informational area of the country in XIX – the beginning of XX century.
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MUSAEV, Makhach Abdulaevich. "EYEWITNESS TESTIMONY: JOURNEY FROM RUSSIA TO PERSIA IN 1746–1747." Herald of Daghestan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Science, no. 76 (April 24, 2020): 18–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.31029/vestdnc76/3.
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In 1753, Jonas Hanway's four-volume work "Historical Report" was published in London. The last volumes of “British trade across the Caspian Sea” are devoted to the history of Iran from 1722 to 1749. The first two volumes mostly contain reports of different nature about the history and state of British trade with the East through Russia, narratives of the trips undertaken by Hanway and others. Among the large number of interesting materials there is a description of the travel of the Russian Embassy led by Prince M.M. Golitsin. This description belongs to Dr. John Cook of Scotland. The latter graciously provided the text to Hanway, who published it, "taking the liberty of inserting some descriptions from other authoritative sources" because "the magazine has survived with some defects”. We give a translation from the English language of the text, in which the eye-witness gave a description of the way through the flat territory of Daghestan from Astrakhan to Baku from September 24, 1746 to February 6, 1747.
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Bies, Michael. "At the Threshold to the New World." Transfers 6, no. 3 (December 1, 2016): 83–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/trans.2016.060307.
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This article deals with representations of equator crossings in travel literature. Focusing on the accounts of European travelers to Brazil, it considers descriptions of crossing-the-line ceremonies that were performed on board ships since the sixteenth century and shows that, since the late eighteenth century, writers have increasingly staged crossings of the equator as an individual and private experience. Furthermore, it addresses the relation of travel and knowledge that descriptions of equator crossings establish by referring to distinctive epistemological approaches to the New World and by producing a “liminal knowledge” characteristic of travel narratives. The article draws on travel literature from the sixteenth to the twentieth century, paying special attention to the postromantic description of an equator crossing in Claude Lévi-Strauss’s famous memoir Tristes Tropiques.
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Sánchez Hernández, Juan Pablo. "Pausanias and Rome’s Eastern Trade." Mnemosyne 69, no. 6 (November 18, 2016): 955–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568525x-12341878.
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This article studies Pausanias’ description of Chinese silk production and Chinese geography within the context of Rome’s eastern trade. China was the last stop of land and sea routes connecting Rome and the Far East through Asia Minor, Egypt, Arabia, Persia and India. Although he never journeyed into the Far East, Pausanias provides vivid descriptions of these regions, their products and inhabitants, and the people involved in trade there. The article examines the sources he might have used to construct narratives about the Far East, China and Chinese silk and where such sources might have been made available to him.
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Lonergan, David. "Lemuria—Description and Travel." Community & Junior College Libraries 15, no. 3 (July 20, 2009): 159–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02763910902979486.
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Xu, Jun, and Xin Pan. "A Fuzzy Spatial Region Extraction Model for Object’s Vague Location Description from Observer Perspective." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9, no. 12 (November 25, 2020): 703. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9120703.
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Descriptions of the spatial locations of disappeared objects are often recorded in eyewitness records, travel notes, and historical documents. However, in geographic information system (GIS), the observer-centered and vague nature of the descriptions causes difficulties in representing the spatial characters of these objects. To address this problem, this paper proposes a Fuzzy Spatial Region Extraction Model for Object’s Vague Location Description from Observer Perspective (FSREM-OP). In this model, the spatial relationship between the observer and the object are represented in spatial knowledge. It is composed of “phrase” and “region”. Based on the spatial knowledge, three components of spatial inference are constructed: Spatial Entities (SEs), Fuzzy Spatial Regions (FSRs), and Spatial Actions (SAs). Through spatial knowledge and the components of FSREM-OP, an object’s location can be inferred from an observer’s describing text, transforming the vagueness and subjectivity of location description into fuzzy spatial regions in the GIS. The FSREM-OP was tested by constructing a group of observers, object position relationships and vague descriptions. The results show that it is capable of extracting the spatial information and presenting location descriptions in the GIS, despite the vagueness and subjective spatial relation expressions in the descriptions.
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Katsnelson, Galina Sergeevna. "Japanese collection of V.V. Vereshchagin: questions, answers, secrets." Samara Journal of Science 8, no. 1 (February 28, 2019): 213–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv201981215.
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The paper is dedicated to the collection of Japanese art objects, which were bought by the famous Russian artist V.V. Vereshchagin during his travelling to Japan in 1903. The paper represents the main information about the travel and excerpts from Vereshchagins memories about the country and art objects he bought. The description of the Vereshchagins collection was made on the base of the memories of Vereshchagins son and the catalogue of the collection which was published for the trade-exhibition in Moscow in 1910. Japanese collections part of the catalogue consists of the objects № 76-355. Some groups were distinguished among those artifacts: interior items, textile, clothes, accessories, enamel, bronze, turtle, porcelain, faience and different trivia. The description of the collection was made in connection with those groups. Some thoughts are represented about the main reasons of the collections trade-exhibition and its fate after the trade-exhibition. Analyzing the art objects, which were brought by Vereshchagin from Japan could help to understand what artists interest was in Japanese life.
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Zygmunt, Karolina. "El descubrimiento de la fauna exótica en los relatos de viajes: de las descripciones medievales a las imitaciones en la novela histórica contemporánea." Lectura y Signo, no. 11 (December 20, 2016): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.18002/lys.v0i11.4753.
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<p>El objetivo de este artículo es analizar los rasgos fundamentales de la descripción medieval de algunos<br />animales exóticos y compararla con la descripción de estos mismos animales en la novela histórica. Del<br />cotejo entre textos medievales y actuales se intentará extraer conclusiones en torno al aprovechamiento,<br />a modo de herramientas, que hacen los escritores contemporáneos al mimetizar casi literalmente esas<br />descripciones medievalizantes de animales exóticos. Su objetivo sería obligar al lector moderno a tomar<br />una posición de lectura, produciendo efectos de identificación (con la poética del relato medieval) y a la<br />vez distanciamiento (respecto a las formas narrativas actuales).</p><p><br />Palabras clave: animales exóticos, bestiario, descriptio, relatos medievales de viaje, novela histórica.</p><p><br />The aim of this article is to discuss the fundamental characteristics of the medieval description of several<br />exotic animals, and to compare it with descriptions of these animals in the contemporary historical<br />novel. From the comparison between medieval and contemporary works, conclusions about the tools<br />used by contemporary writers will be extracted. In particular, it will be shown how they benefit from<br />the imitation, almost literal, of the medieval-style descriptions of exotic animals. The intention of this<br />method, would be to constrain the modern reader to a reading perspective, by producing identification<br />effects (with the medieval poetics) as well as distancing (with respect to the current narrative forms).</p><p><br />Key Words: exotic animals, bestiary, descriptio, medieval travel narrative, historical novel</p>
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Py-Daniel, Lúcia Rapp, Jansen Zuanon, and Renildo Ribeiro de Oliveira. "Two new ornamental loricariid catfishes of Baryancistrus from rio Xingu drainage (Siluriformes: Hypostominae)." Neotropical Ichthyology 9, no. 2 (June 2011): 241–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-62252011000200001.
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Two new species of the hypostomine genus Baryancistrus are described from the rio Xingu drainage. Baryancistrus xanthellus is distinguished from all other Baryancistrus species by the presence of yellow spots along the entire body and conspicuous yellow marks on distal tip of dorsal and caudal fins. Baryancistrus chrysolomus is distinguished from its congeners by its uniform dark body coloration and presence of yellow bands on dorsal and caudal fins. Despite the lack of formal description, these species are very popular in the international aquarium trade. We expect that these formal descriptions might contribute to the improvement of Brazilian regulations in the international trade of ornamental loricariids.
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Man'ko, V. I., G. Marmo, A. Simoni, and F. Ventriglia. "Tomography in Abstract Hilbert Spaces." Open Systems & Information Dynamics 13, no. 03 (September 2006): 239–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11080-006-9004-4.
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The tomographic description of a quantum state is formulated in an abstract infinite-dimensional Hilbert space framework, the space of the Hilbert-Schmidt linear operators, with trace formula as scalar product. Resolutions of the unity, written in terms of over-complete sets of rank-one projectors and of associated Gram-Schmidt operators taking into account their non-orthogonality, are then used to reconstruct a quantum state from its tomograms. Examples of well known tomographic descriptions illustrate the exposed theory.
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KUTRIB, MARTIN. "THE PHENOMENON OF NON-RECURSIVE TRADE-OFFS." International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science 16, no. 05 (October 2005): 957–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129054105003406.
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Non-recursive trade-offs between different representations of languages reveal a basic phenomenon. The gain in economy of description can be arbitrary. The purpose of this paper is to survey the main aspects and results regarding different representations of languages whose relative succinctness is not recursively bounded. Basic properties of descriptional systems and reasonable size measures are addressed, and the unified fundamental proof schemes emerging from the literature are presented. A comprehensive overview of results is given. Finally, some new results are shown. In particular, it is proved that between each two levels of the infinite one-way k-head finite automata hierarchies there is a non-recursive trade-off. Moreover, non-recursive trade-offs are shown between nondeterministic 2-head and deterministic k-head automata.
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Chen, Qi, Yibo Yan, Xu Zhang, and Jian Chen. "Impact of Subjective and Objective Factors on Bus Travel Intention." Behavioral Sciences 12, no. 11 (November 19, 2022): 462. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs12110462.
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Given the lack of quantitative descriptions on the interaction between psychological factors and the built environment in existing urban bus travel behavior, this study examines the simultaneous influences of the objective-built environment and subjective psychological factors on bus travel intentions. An empirical study on the influence path of bus travel intention was conducted using structural equation modeling. Then, personal attribute factors were introduced, and a linear regression model was used to explore the influence of behavioral intentions. This study uses 410 investigated samples from the residents in Zhengzhou, China. The findings proved that psychological factors play mediating roles between the travel environment and its impact on travel behaviors and confirms the validity of the description of the measurement variable with respect to the bus travel intentions proposed in the study. We also found that the retirement factor among the personal attribute factors could significantly affect bus travel intentions, which means that the retired group prefers to use buses for traveling. This study shows innovations in catching the intermediary effect of psychological factors between the built environment and travel behavior while also quantifying the effects of both subjective and objective factors when choosing bus travel.
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Danilović, Mirjana. "Las danzas indígenas del centro de México según las fuentes coloniales / The indigenous dances of Central Mexico according to colonial sources." Revista Trace, no. 78 (July 31, 2020): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.22134/trace.78.2020.688.
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El objetivo de este artículo es el estudio de las descripciones de la danza indígena del centro de México prehispánico según las fuentes coloniales escritas en español, latín y náhuatl. Por primera vez se hace una síntesis completa de la información de los exploradores, misioneros y cronistas españoles y de las fuentes escritas por indígenas o con indígenas acerca de la danza nativa. A través del análisis se puede observar cómo los soldados o conquistadores, los cronistas oficiales de la Corona española y los frailes ofrecieron una visión de acuerdo con sus intereses, creencias y modos de conceptualizar el mundo.Abstract: The aim of the present paper is to study the descriptions of the indigenous dance of Central pre-Hispanic Mexico according to the colonial sources written in Spanish, Latin and Nahuatl. For the first time, a complete synthesis of the information obtained by the Spanish explorers, missionaries, and chroniclers, and of the sources written by indigenous people or with indigenous people about the native dance is made. Through the analysis one can observe how the official chroniclers of the Spanish Crown, the friars and the soldiers or conquerors offered a vision in accordance with their interests, beliefs and their ways of conceptualizing the world.Keywords: dance; New World; Mesoamerican studies; historical records; worldview.Résumé : L’objectif de cet article est l’étude des descriptions de la danse autochtone du Mexique central à l’époque préhispanique selon les sources coloniales écrites en espagnol, latin et nahuatl. Pour la première fois, une synthèse complète est réalisée avec des informations des explorateurs, des missionnaires, des chroniqueurs espagnols ainsi que des sources écrites par, ou avec les peuples autochtones à propos de la danse indigène. Tout au long de cette analyse nous pouvons constater la manière dont les chroniqueurs officiels de la Couronne espagnole, les moines et les soldats ou conquérants ont offert une vision en fonction de leurs intérêts, croyances et façons de conceptualiser le monde.Mots-clés : danse ; Nouveau Monde ; études mésoaméricaines ; sources historiques ; vision du monde.
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Bragg, Richard. "Trade Descriptions and the Art World." International Journal of Cultural Property 2, no. 1 (January 1993): 127–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s094073919300013x.
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Latash, Mark L., and Irina L. Mikaelian. "A Logarithmic Speed-Difficulty Trade-off in Speech Production." Motor Control 15, no. 1 (January 2011): 52–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/mcj.15.1.52.
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We explored the relations between task difficulty and speech time in picture description tasks. Six native speakers of Mandarin Chinese (CH group) and six native speakers or Indo-European languages (IE group) produced quick and accurate verbal descriptions of pictures in a self-paced manner. The pictures always involved two objects, a plate and one of the three objects (a stick, a fork, or a knife) located and oriented differently with respect to the plate in different trials. An index of difficulty was assigned to each picture. CH group showed lower reaction time and much lower speech time. Speech time scaled linearly with the log-transformed index of difficulty in all subjects. The results suggest generality of Fitts’ law for movement and speech tasks, and possibly for other cognitive tasks as well. The differences between the CH and IE groups may be due to specific task features, differences in the grammatical rules of CH and IE languages, and possible use of tone for information transmission.
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Valdés, Alma Victoria. "Representaciones familiares en los epitafios del siglo XIX." Revista Trace, no. 58 (July 9, 2018): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.22134/trace.58.2010.373.
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La autora explora los perfiles de madres, padres e hijos a través de los epitafios del siglo XIX mexicano. Los rasgos delineados son recurrentes, lo cual sugiere que, antes bien que dedicaciones personales, los epitafios incorporan representaciones sociales que coadyuvaron a la configuración y divulgación de la identidad familiar.Abstract: Looking through the epitaphs of the XIXth Mexican century, this article explores the profiles of mothers, fathers, and sons. The characteristics outlined are recurrent. That suggests that, more than personal dedications, the epitaphs were descriptions that helped the configuration and divulgation of familial identities.Résumé : Le texte explore les profils des mères, des pères et des enfants à travers les épitaphes du XIXe siècle mexicain. Les caractéristiques soulignées sont récurrentes. Ceci suggère que davantage que des dédicaces personnelles, les épitaphes incorporent des représentations sociales qui contribuent à la configuration et à la divulgation d’identités familiales.
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Sokołowicz, Małgorzata. "« Je m’attache tristement, amèrement aux lieux que je vais quitter ». L’écriture autobiogéographique dans les Carnets du voyage en Égypte d’Eugène Fromentin." Cahiers ERTA, no. 32 (December 30, 2022): 10–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/23538953ce.22.018.17157.
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“I am sadly and bitterly attached to the places I am about to leave”. Autobiogeographical Writings in Carnets du voyage en Égypte by Eugène Fromentin The present paper analyses Carnets du voyage en Égypte by a French painter and writer, Eugène Fromentin (1820-1876), using the concept of autobiogeography. The concept allows to examine how the author of a geographical description may be seen throughout this description and how s/he is influenced by the space. The paper argues that the personality of Fromentin emerges from his travel notes even though they are focused mainly on the description of the Egyptian space and the forms “I” or “we” appear there rarely. Three aspects of Fromentin’s personality may be seen through the analyses of his geographical descriptions of Egypt: the Orientalist painter enthusiastic towards the space; the traveler marked by his previous travels to Algeria who in Egyptian spaces sees Algerian ones; and the man who feels old and tired, refuses to discover the Egyptian space and who just wants to come back home.
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L., MUKAEVA, and SHASTINA T. "THE CHUISKY TRACT IN THE WORKS OF TRAVELERS OF THE 19TH CENTURY." Preservation and study of the cultural heritage of the Altai Territory 28 (2022): 428–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/2411-1503.2022.28.62.
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The article analyzes the works of Russian scientists and travelers of the 19th century, containing descriptions of the Chuisky tract as the most important transport artery connecting the south of Western Siberia with China and Mongolia. Geologists, geographers, botanists, linguists, ethnographers, glaciologists have left valuable observations and materials about the Chuisky tract. Now their works are indispensable sources for studying the historical and cultural heritage of Altai. A comparative analysis of the descriptions of the history of this trade route and the condition of the road at various stages allows us to trace the movement of the frontier and the imagological estimates accompanying this movement: the development of the tract makes the territory annexed to the empire the Russian Altai.
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Banerjee, Sanjukta. "Tracing the Local: The Translator-Travellee in French Accounts of India." Tusaaji: A Translation Review 6, no. 1 (May 24, 2019): 66–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.25071/1925-5624.40354.
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This paper seeks to trace the presence of the “translator-travellee” in the construction and dissemination of French travel writing on India from the eighteenth century. Drawing on the concept of “language as a local practice” (Pennycook 2010), it examines the travellers’ descriptions of India’s linguistic landscape to underscore the interactional history of representation that the conventions of European travel writing have tended to elide, particularly in the context of the subcontinent. The local in this paper is approached as a process inextricably linked with the social and the historical, and its exploration is aimed at rendering visible the role of the Indian translator/interpreter in embedding vernacular knowledge in international discursive networks at a crucial period in the subcontinent’s encounter with the West.
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Mezin, Sergey A. "Moscow Travel Guide for Voltaire." Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations 21, no. 4 (November 22, 2021): 431–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1819-4907-2021-21-4-431-436.
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The manuscript “Description of the city of Moscow” from the Voltaire Library has been subjected to special study for the first time. In this essay, the ancient Russian capital is presented as a vast and crowded city, the distinctive feature of which is the abundance of churches and monasteries. The description of the city is conducted according to the historically formed parts: the Kremlin, Kitay-gorod, White City, Earthen City. The description is based on the “Plan of the Imperial city of Moscow” by I. Michurin (1739). The most likely the author of this kind of guidebooks is I. C. Taubert.
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Brandes, Arno Fritz das Neves, Bruno Quiroga Novello, Davi Neves de Lemos, Leonardo Bona do Nascimento, Rafael Perpétuo Albuquerque, Neusa Tamaio, and Claudia Franca Barros. "Wood anatomy of endangered Brazilian tree species." IAWA Journal 41, no. 4 (September 16, 2020): 510–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-bja10037.
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Abstract Endangered Brazilian tree species are traded on national and international scales. Efficient control of wood supply chains is fundamental to both species and environmental conservation. Wood anatomy offers an effective method for timber screening and diagnosis, although diagnostic tools and reliable reference materials are required to verify the precise timber species commercialized. We present here anatomical information that can be used for the identification of the wood of endangered Brazilian tree species, including coded wood anatomy descriptions following standardized lists of macroscopic and microscopic features, stereomicroscope and bright field microscope micrographs, and reference data (wood collections with reference samples and anatomical descriptions). Description datasets and interactive identification keys (macroscopic and microscopic) were made available on the Xper3 web platform (http://gbg.sites.uff.br/lamad/) and can aid trained front-line staff or professional wood anatomists in trade control and forensic timber identifications of endangered Brazilian species.
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Léonard, Éric, Bruno Losch, and Fernando Rello. "Recomposiciones de la economía rural y mutaciones de la acción pública en el México del TLCAN." Revista Trace, no. 52 (July 6, 2018): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.22134/trace.52.2007.337.
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A trece años de su ratificación el balance del TLCAN sigue siendo objeto de controversia, en particular en lo que toca al sector agropecuario. Las evoluciones macroeconómicas positivas (crecimiento de los intercambios comerciales, de las inversiones directas, de la productividad) son cuestionadas por el aumento de las desigualdades en la distribución de la riqueza, tanto entre sectores sociales como entre las grandes regiones del país, así como por la incapacidad del sector manufacturero para absorber los empleos perdidos en los ramos poco competitivos de la agricultura. Una consecuencia de esta situación radica en la intensificación de los movimientos migratorios, tanto en el ámbito interno como en la destinación de Estados Unidos. A partir de la descripción de los fenómenos de cambio estructural que han afectado al sector agropecuario en el curso del último decenio, el artículo muestra cómo la intervención pública, en su nueva configuración, ha contribuido a ahondar las diferencias de productividad entre regiones y grupos socioeconómicos, a la vez que permiten controlar los procesos de marginación y pobreza rural. Con todo, las transferencias públicas participan de un proceso generalizado de diversificación de las actividades y los ingresos –entre los cuales las remesas ocupan un lugar central–, en el sentido de una reconfiguración radical de la economía de las familias rurales. El trabajo aborda en conclusión las incidencias de tales cambios en la naturaleza y el sentido de las transiciones en curso, así como los retos, en particular políticos, que éstas plantean.Abstract: After thirteen years of its validation, the TLCAN outcome still is controversial, particularly in reference to the agricultural facet. The positive macroeconomic evolutions (growth of commercial exchange, of direct inversion, of productivity) are questioned due to the inequity regarding the distribution of wealth between social sectors and large portions of the country as well as the inability of the industrial sector to absorb the employments lost in lesser competitive agricultural sectors. One of the consequences is that the intensification of the migratory movements inside the country as well as in the United States of America. Starting from descriptions of the structuralchanged phenomena, which has affected agriculture during the last decade, this paper shows the way in which public intervention, in its new layout, has contributed to deepen the differences in terms of productivity between regions and socio-economical groups. At the same time this allowed to control the generalized process of diversification in activities and income at the heart of which the deliveries take a central roll, in the sense of a radical configuration in the economy of rural families. This paper stresses the consequences of these transformations in the nature and sense of the current transition, as well as the challenges, particularly the political ones.Resumé : Treize ans après sa ratification, le bilan de l’Accord de libre-échange d’Amérique du Nord (ALENA) demeure sujet à controverse, en particulier pour ce qui concerne son volet agricole. Les évolutions macro-économiques positives (croissance des échanges commerciaux, des investissements directs et de la productivité) sont en effet contrebalancées par un accroissement des inégalités dans la distribution de la richesse, tant entre secteurs sociaux qu’entre les grandes régions, ainsi que par la difficulté du secteur industriel à absorber les emplois perdus dans les secteurs peu compétitifs de l’agriculture. L’une des conséquences de cette situation réside dans l’intensification des mouvements migratoires, tant entre les régions du pays qu’en direction des États-unis. À partir d’une description des phénomènes de changements structurels qui ont marqué l’agriculture au cours de la dernière décennie, l’article montre comment l’intervention publique dans sa configuration nouvelle a contribué au creusement des écarts au sein du secteur tout en facilitant la gestion des phénomènes de marginalisation et de pauvreté rurale. Il s’attache enfin à démontrer en quoi les transferts publics ne sont qu’une contribution au processus général de diversification des activités et des revenus – au sein duquel les transferts privés liés à la migration occupent une place centrale –, entraînant une profonde reconfiguration de l’économie des familles rurales. Il aborde en conclusion les conséquences de ces changements sur la nature et le sens des transitions en cours, ainsi que les enjeux, notamment politiques, qui en découlent.
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Mitchell, Herschel L., P. L. Houtekamer, and Sylvain Heilliette. "Impact of AMSU-A Radiances in a Column Ensemble Kalman Filter." Monthly Weather Review 146, no. 12 (November 6, 2018): 3949–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-18-0093.1.
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Abstract A column EnKF, based on the Canadian global EnKF and using the RTTOV radiative transfer (RT) model, is employed to investigate issues relating to the EnKF assimilation of Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A (AMSU-A) radiance measurements. Experiments are performed with large and small ensembles, with and without localization. Three different descriptions of background temperature error are considered: 1) using analytical vertical modes and hypothetical spectra, 2) using the vertical modes and spectrum of a covariance matrix obtained from the global EnKF after 2 weeks of cycling, and 3) using the vertical modes and spectrum of the static background error covariance matrix employed to initiate a global data assimilation cycle. It is found that the EnKF performs well in some of the experiments with background error description 1, and yields modest error reductions with background error description 3. However, the EnKF is virtually unable to reduce the background error (even when using a large ensemble) with background error description 2. To analyze these results, the different background error descriptions are viewed through the prism of the RT model by comparing the trace of the matrix , where is the RT model and is the background error covariance matrix. Indeed, this comparison is found to explain the difference in the results obtained, which relates to the degree to which deep modes are, or are not, present in the different background error covariances. The results suggest that, after 2 weeks of cycling, the global EnKF has virtually eliminated all background error structures that can be “seen” by the AMSU-A radiances.
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Jung, In-Chul. "Herodotus’ Histories as Travel Writing and Geographical Description." Association of Korean Cultural and Historical Geographers 30, no. 2 (August 30, 2018): 28–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.29349/jchg.2018.30.2.28.
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Seguin, G. E., and G. Drolet. "The trace description of irreducible quasi-cyclic codes." IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 36, no. 6 (1990): 1463–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/18.59946.
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TOKUTSU, Ichiro, and Mika SAITO. "A Simple Description of the Asian Trade Structure." Input-Output Analysis 11, no. 1 (February 28, 2003): 4–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.11107/papaios.11.4.
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Ruth Kantorovitz, Miriam, and Claudia Miller. "An explicit description of the dennis trace map." Communications in Algebra 28, no. 3 (January 2000): 1429–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00927870008826904.
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Gordanpour, Yazdanmehr, and Tahereh Rezaei. "Form and perception of nature in Elizabeth bishop’s “questions of travel”." Revista de Estudios Norteamericanos, no. 25 (2021): 281–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/ren.2021.i25.14.
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Elizabeth Bishop’s poetry is acutely form-conscious and human perception informs its descriptions of nature; critics who study Bishop’s poetry refer to her use of poetic artifice and note in passing the ethics of restraint and impersonality in her poetry. However, Bishop’s poetry is rarely discussed in the sphere of ecocriticism; and the formal significance of human perception infused with the descriptions of nature in her poetry is conveniently overlooked. Likewise, anthropogenic climate change is underrepresented in traditional ecocriticism which insists on removing form—and with it, any trace of the human—from the text. This article proposes that a study of Bishop’s travel writing and exploring the significance of concern for nature in conjunction with form-consciousness can contribute to a more profound understanding of both human-nature relationship and Bishop’s ecopoetic sensitivities. “Questions of Travel” is one of Bishop’s poems that directly grapples with the ethics of human presence in nature. The article explicates the textual and formal features of this poem to elucidate the function of form in its ecopoetic descriptions. The article shows how Bishop accepts the inevitability of human perception of nature and its literary corollary in ecopoetry as form-consciousness, and, thus, by implication, points to the importance of such poetry for a deeper understanding of the relationship between human beings and nature in the context of climate change.
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Romero, Laura. "Niñez, transformación y consumo de maíz entre los nahuas de la Sierra Negra de Puebla / Childhood, transformation and corn consumption betweeen the nahuas de la Sierra Negra de Puebla." Revista Trace, no. 78 (July 31, 2020): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.22134/trace.78.2020.739.
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Para los nahuas de la Sierra Negra de Puebla, el consumo de maíz es considerado uno de los elementos que establecen la distinción entre los humanos y los no humanos, pues mediante este se crean cuerpos que se diferenciarán, entre otras cosas, por su estabilidad o la falta de ella. La fabricación del cuerpo requiere de una serie de acciones realizadas a lo largo de toda la vida. En este texto se dará cuenta, principalmente, de la importancia que tiene la alimentación mediante productos locales (por ejemplo, maíz y frijol) –frente a aquella que conforma cuerpos anómalos como el de los migrantes–, así como el consumo de sal y el bautizo, para dar paso a la descripción del papel que juega el trabajo en la milpa en la conformación de cuerpos adecuados para lo nahua, es decir, lo humano por excelencia. Se pondrá especial énfasis a la niñez como una etapa donde el control de la inestabilidad requiere de un esfuerzo mayor. Los niños nahuas son asociados a los antepasados, a lo acuoso y a lo mítico. Su humanidad está constantemente en riesgo, pues su cuerpo no ha llegado a los niveles necesarios de madurez.Abstract: For the Nahuas of the Sierra Negra de Puebla, the consumption of corn is considered one of the elements that establish the distinction between humans and non-humans, because through it bodies are created that will be differentiated, among other things, by their stability or the lack of it. The manufacture of the body requires a series of actions carried out throughout life. In this text, it will be realize, mainly, the importance of food through local products (corn and beans, for example) compared to that which forms anomalous bodies such as migrants, as well as the consumption of salt and baptism, for give way to the description of the role that work in the cornfield plays in shaping bodies suitable for “the Nahua”, that is, the human par excellence. Special emphasis will be given to children as a stage where the control of instability requires a greater effort. Nahua children are associated with the ancestors, the aqueous and the mythical. His humanity is constantly at risk, because his body has not reached the necessary levels of maturity.Keywords: childhood; transformation; food; Nahuas; Sierra Negra.Résumé : Pour les Nahuas de la Sierra Negra de Puebla, la consommation de maïs est considérée comme l’un des éléments permettant d’établir la distinction entre humains et non-humains, car grâce à elle, des corps sont créés qui se différencieront, entre autres, par leur stabilité ou le manque de ça. La fabrication du corps nécessite une série d’actions menées tout au long de la vie. Dans ce texte, il se rendra compte principalement l’importance de l’alimentation par le biais de produits locaux (par exemple, maïs et haricots) par rapport à celle qui forme des corps anormaux tels que les migrants, ainsi que la consommation de sel et le baptême, par exemple. Cédez le pas à la description du rôle que joue le travail dans le champ de maïs dans la formation d’organes propres au « Nahua », c’est-à-dire à l’humain par excellence. L’attention sera mise sur les enfants en tant qu’étape où la maîtrise de l’instabilité exige des efforts accrus. Les enfants nahuas sont associés aux ancêtres, aux aqueux et aux mythiques. Son humanité est constamment en danger, car son corps n’a pas atteint les niveaux de maturité nécessaires. Mots-clés : enfance ; transformation ; nutrition ; Nahuas ; Sierra Negra.
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OUSMAN, Oumar Checkh. "THE NARRATIVE ART OF THE DESCRIPTION OF SULTANS AND KINGS AT IBN BATTUTA: DESCRIPTIVE ANALYTICAL STUDY." RIMAK International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 03, no. 04 (May 1, 2021): 68–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/2717-8293.4-3.7.
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The travel literature is the literature in which the author describes what happened to him during his travels, while providing an accurate description of peoples' customs and traditions that differ, from one people to another. The travels continued unabated during the times, until the appearance of the journey of the traveler's imam in the Arab world Ibn Battuta, the greatest Muslim traveler, as we know who is distinguished by his journey with a lot of knowledge it contains. It follows from this journey, the subject of this research, entitled "The narrative art of the description of sultans and kings at ibn Battuta: descriptive analytical study" This work aims to demonstrate the existence of the stories of sultans and kings in the journey of Ibn Battuta and to consider the book of the journey of ibn Battuta an important reference in the description of lifestyles, traditions, values and the arts of society, as well as a science that deals with the analysis and interpretation of the cultural situation of society. It is worth mentioning that Ibn Battuta’s trip is one of the sources of historical science, which recounts the events he witnessed during the succession of sultans and wars, as he was very interested in the Description of the areas visited and having greatly contributed to the sciences of geography and cartography. Ibn Battuta’s journey helped broaden the horizons of man and his acquaintances by attempting to paint a clear picture of the social and geographical reality and the most important scenes he has attempted to describe, as well as part of his autobiography by telling everything about him during his trip. Sometimes this cynical and light approach can be a treat for grief and psychological pain. The trip portrays an old image of history in which elements such as storytelling, dialogue, description, etc., combine pleasure and interest
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Joanna Jarzębak-Kołodziejczyk, Joanna Jarzębak-Kołodziejczyk. "Podróże edukacyjne synów szlacheckich w świetle korespondencji Jakuba Dunina z wojaży po Europie w latach 1699–1703." Biuletyn Historii Wychowania, no. 39 (December 15, 2018): 105–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/bhw.2018.39.7.
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The article aims to show the issue of educational travels of noble youth in the modern era. The source is the correspondence of Jakub Dunin from his journeys around Europe in 1699–1703, addressed to father Franciszek Świętosław. The mentioned letters (stored in the National Archives in Krakow in the Tomkowicz Archive from Kobiernice) provide important information referring to the reasons for travelling, travel expenses and the companions. Particularly noteworthy are colorful descriptions of the social life lived in European manors. For example, the author visited Versailles of Louis XIV and provided a detailed description of various ceremonies and court entertainment. Foreign journeys posed an opportunity to learn about foreign cultures, political systems or armies. This encouraged nobility sons’ reflections which they shared with relatives back in Poland. As a result, the travel correspondence abounds in individual interpretations, for example, of the then political developments on the international arena. When confronted with facts, they add extra value to the publication.
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King, Judith. "The Struggle to Define Pilgrimage." Religions 14, no. 1 (January 6, 2023): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel14010079.
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This essay arises from research carried out between the summer of 2018 and the spring of 2020 among pilgrims who had participated in the Camino de Santiago in north-western Spain and St Patrick’s Purgatory, on Lough Derg in the northwest of Ireland. Research focused on embodied experience in relation to pilgrim motivation, groundedness and the enduring power of sacred travel as ritual. Convergent considerations about psychology, theology and pilgrimage studies clarified perspective on descriptions and definitions of pilgrimage in contemporary literature. Long-standing questions about journey vs. destination are subsumed into a description of pilgrimage which emphasizes larger process. Interconnected elements of this process are a most significant part of the enduring appeal of contemporary Western pilgrimage.
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Dewi Amelia Lestari. "TINJAUAN JOB DESCRIPTION STAFF CUSTOMER SERVICE TERHADAP TINGKAT KUALITAS PELAYANAN DI PT ROSALIA INDAH TOUR & TRAVEL SLAMET RIYADI." NAWASENA : Jurnal Ilmiah Pariwisata 1, no. 2 (August 22, 2022): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.56910/nawasena.v1i2.333.
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Dilihat dari segi semakin padatnya penduduk serta kebutuhan yang semakin tinggi, menjadikan daerah Surakarta dan sekitarnya menjadi potensi pasar tersendiri untuk industri transportasi. Salah satu perusahaan transportasi secara nasional yang berada di wilayah Surakarta adalah PT Rosalia Indah Tour & Travel Slamet Riyadi. Selama ini belum diketahui pelaksanaan job description staff customer service di PT Rosalia Indah Tour & Travel Slamet Riyadi dan tingkat kualitas pelayanan di PT Rosalia Indah Tour & Travel Slamet Riyadi, padahal saat ini kompetitor semakin banyak dan berkembang. Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan metode kualitatif dimana metode pengumpulan data dengan melakukan observasi, studi pustaka, dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini antara lain: Pertama, bahwa job description staff customer service terdapat 15 point sesuai dengan dokumen job description staff customer service di PT Rosalia Indah Tour & Travel Slamet Riyadi. Kedua, pelaksanaan mengenai job description staff customer service ada 76,7 % menjawab sudah melaksanakan dan 23,3 % menjawab kadang-kadang melaksanakan. Sedangkan penilaian pelaksanaan job description staff customer service dapat diketahui bahwa ada 2 (100%) orang staff (Customer Service) yang sudah melaksanakan job description. Ketiga, prosentase tingkat kualitas pelayanan di PT Rosalia Indah Tour & Travel harapan dari segi mutu, proses dan service sangat penting 49,3%, penting 50,2% dan kurang penting 0,4%. Sedangkan untuk prosentase kenyataan dari segi mutu, proses dan service sangat baik 30,2%, baik 64% dan kurang baik 4,4%.
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Burykin, Aleksey A. "Древности и этнографические реалии Монголии в описании путешествий И. А. Ефремова («Дорога ветров», 1955)." Бюллетень Калмыцкого научного центра Российской академии наук 16, no. 4 (November 27, 2020): 130–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.22162/2587-6503-2020-4-16-130-148.
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Introduction. I. A. Efremov (1907–1972) known as the science-fiction writer was first of all a prominent geoscientist and palaeonthologist. Goal. The goal of the article is to analyze the descriptions of antiquities and ethnographic descriptions of Mongolia in I. A. Efremov’s book “The Road of Winds” (1955), that represents the edited notes of the scientist’s paleonthological expeditions and travels in Mongolia in 1946, 1948 and 1949. Results. I. A. Efremov in his book follows the established tradition of the descriptions of travels along the steppes, mountains and deserts. The book contains the description of the old Ulan-Bator, Khangai Mountains, the characteristics of the roads in Mongolia in their conditions and historical perspective, the recordings of the anthropological and archaeological findings. The different observations of the scientist related to the Mongolian ethnography are of great value, the author often points out the cultural phenomena that were not found in ethnographic research. I. A. Efremov’s travel notes were influenced by the way of traveling in the country (during the expeditions people traveled by trucks) as well as the time of reorganization of the economy, culture and lifestyle in Mongolia.
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Komleva, Evgeniya V. "Travel Diaries of Siberian Merchants of the Late 18th–19th Centuries: Peculiarities, Issues and Information Potential." Two centuries of Russian classics 4, no. 4 (2022): 198–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.22455/2686-7494-2022-4-4-198-215.
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The article characterizes the corpus of travel diaries created among the Siberian merchants in the late 18th–19th centuries, reveals the features, problems and information capabilities of this type of sources. Compiled both by the will of the travelers themselves, and by order of the authorities standing over them, often subsequently published, merchant diaries were originally intended for the reader, often a representative of the state administration, and aimed not just to describe the road, but to fix the difficulties of the way, natural obstacles, features of certain settlements, to give recommendations to the authorities and merchants. All this makes the travel records of merchants valuable sources on economic history, the history of international relations, ethnography. The surviving texts testify to the significant role played by merchants in the study and economic development of remote areas of the Russian Empire, the formation of a network of land and water communications in Russia, the development of international trade. Unlike men’s texts, which were oriented to the interlocutor from the very beginning, women’s travel notebooks and albums were characterized by a focus on the inner world of the author, a description of personal experiences, attention to the details of everyday life.
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Wenger, Philippe, and Patrick Chedmail. "Ability of a Robot to Travel Through its Free Work Space in an Environment with Obstacles." International Journal of Robotics Research 10, no. 3 (June 1991): 214–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/027836499101000303.
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This article presents a new geometric analysis of the free work space of a robot among obstacles. The free work space (FW) is defined as the set of positions and orientations that the robot's end effector can reach, according to the joint limits and the various obstacles lying in the environment. The aim is to give global descriptions of the robot's ability to move in the operational space (which coincides with Carte sian space when only position coordinates are specified). The main contribution of this work is the characterization of the effects of obstacles on the work space geometry, as well as on its topology. The ability of a robot to move freely in its work space (called the "moveability") is difficult to describe and needs stringent formalizations. The concept of move ability is introduced through various properties and their cor responding necessary and sufficient conditions. Using a Con structive Solid Geometry (CSG) Computer-Aided Design (CAD) description of robots and obstacles and an octree model of the FW, these properties permit characterization of selected moveability areas in the FW, where, for instance, any n points can be linked together or where any continuous trajectory can be achieved without changing configuration. This new global description is of great interest for the user of CAD systems when designing robotic cells.
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Huntington, Henry, Richard Binder Sr., Robert Comeau, Lene Holm, Vera Metcalf, Toku Oshima, Carla SimsKayotuk, and Eduard Zdor. "Crossroads of Continents and Modern Boundaries: An Introduction to Inuit and Chukchi Experiences in the Bering Strait, Beaufort Sea, and Baffin Bay." Water 12, no. 6 (June 24, 2020): 1808. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12061808.
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The homeland of Inuit extends from Asia and the Bering Sea to Greenland and the Atlantic Ocean. Inuit and their Chukchi neighbors have always been highly mobile, but the imposition of three international borders in the region constrained travel, trade, hunting, and resource stewardship among neighboring groups. Colonization, assimilation, and enforcement of national laws further separated those even from the same family. In recent decades, Inuit and Chukchi have re-established many ties across those boundaries, making it easier to travel and trade with one another and to create new institutions of environmental management. To introduce Indigenous perspectives into the discussion of transboundary maritime water connections in the Arctic, this paper presents personal descriptions of what those connections mean to people who live and work along and across each of the national frontiers within the region: Russia–U.S., U.S.–Canada, and Canada–Greenland. Some of these connections have been made in cooperation with national governments, some in the absence of government activity, and some despite opposition from national governments. In all cases, the shared culture of the region has provided a common foundation for a shared vision and commitment to cooperation and the resumption of Indigenous self-determination within their homelands.
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TSUBOI, Hyota, and Takamasa AKIYAMA. "Fuzzy-Neural Network Models for Description of Travel Behaviour." INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING REVIEW 14 (1997): 567–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/journalip.14.567.
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Sharma, Anuradha, and Saroj Rani. "Trace description and Hamming weights of irreducible constacyclic codes." Advances in Mathematics of Communications 12, no. 1 (2018): 123–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/amc.2018008.
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Gordon, M. J. C. "Relating Event and Trace Semantics of Hardware Description Languages." Computer Journal 45, no. 1 (January 1, 2002): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/45.1.27.
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Maroudaye, Béatrice. "Itinéraires pour Mexico (XVIe-XIXe siècles). L’Échelle intemporelle dans les représentations." Revista Trace, no. 49 (July 23, 2018): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.22134/trace.49.2006.468.
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Au XVIe siècle, Mexico, capitale du territoire mexicain que l’on appelait communément la Nouvelle-Espagne se situe sans doute à l’intersection de la géographie, de l’histoire, de la politique, de la religion et de l’économie de l’Espagne. L’essor urbain est bientôt souligné par la diversité des fonctions et des activités mises en place sur le territoire. D’ailleurs, la ville va constituer un modèle pour les futures villes américaines et sera davantage représentée que les autres. Il semble logique que nous portions toute notre attention aux représentations de ce pays et de cette ville en particulier, depuis sa fondation, afin de mieux appréhender la manière dont l’Espagne conçoit l’administration de ses colonies. De plus, nous ne pouvons rester indifférents à l’idée que les Aztèques avaient de la nature et à la manière dont ils pensaient et utilisaient l’espace, lui donnant ainsi une tonalité symbolique. Cependant, lorsque nous consultons les documents cartographiques ou plus généralement les images européennes du XVIe au XVIIIe siècle, nous nous apercevons que les cartes manquent et que l’annotation des échelles est très rare. À l’époque, les atlas sont peu nombreux en Espagne. On préfère les chroniques universelles traduites ou originales mais dont le caractère est éminemment religieux. Cette charge religieuse masque la réalité des paysages et particulièrement la nature des expériences vécues, soumises en général à l’imaginaire préparé des Européens. Nous possédons plutôt des interprétations que la description du réel. Par conséquent, ces documents véhiculent des informations contribuant à répandre des connaissances erronées sur le Nouveau Monde, elles-mêmes teintées d’une empreinte médiévale. Par ailleurs, les atlas de l’Amérique mettent surtout en lumière les difficultés de l’administration du territoire ainsi que les lois mises en place par les corregidores. L’Espagne de Charles Quint montre en effet beaucoup de zèle à contrôler et agrandir son territoire. En raison du caractère innovateur de l’intervention espagnole, les souverains se considèrent les hérauts de l’époque et élaborent finalement un projet qui sera mûrement réfléchi. Que nous disent donc les représentations ?
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Lenok, Mariia. "Подвійність подорожувань у художніх репортажах О. Гавроша „Стрий і старий” та В. Шабловського, І. Мейзи „Наша маленька ПНР”." Slavica Wratislaviensia 176 (September 1, 2022): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0137-1150.176.6.
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The paper studies modern Ukrainian artistic reportage which synthesises the features of a travel essay and a report. The research provides a basis for drawing conclusions about genre dominants scattering in modern Ukrainian literature well-established features and modern Polish fiction story. The article aims to trace the development of artistic reportage in Ukrainian and Polish prose. The author has analysed a two-dimensional view of historic events and people’s lives in the works Stryi and the Old by Olexandr Gavrosh and Our Little Polish People’s Republic by Witold Szabłowski and Izabela Meyza. Comparative and biographical methods were used in the article. The significant combined components of both genres (a travel essay and a report) have been traced. The works include the subjectivity of the narrative, the appeal to real history, the abundance of evidence, the concision of descriptions, and emotionality. The narration in the reportages develops in parallel, focusing on the places, memory of things as well as on the reconstruction of real people’s life stories.
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Skott, Christina. "Human Taxonomies: Carl Linnaeus, Swedish Travel in Asia and the Classification of Man." Itinerario 43, no. 02 (August 2019): 218–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s016511531900024x.
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AbstractThis article looks at ways in which Swedish travel to Asia informed the classification of man in the work of Carl Linnaeus. In the tenth edition of his Systema Naturae (1758), Linnaeus made substantial changes to his earlier taxonomy of humans. Through two case studies, it is argued that these changes to a great extent were prompted by fresh Swedish eyewitness reports from China and Southeast Asia. The informants for the Homo asiaticus, a variety of Homo sapiens, and a proposed new species of humans, Homo nocturnus (or troglodytes), were all associated with the Swedish East India Company. The botanical contribution by men trained in the Linnaean method travelling on the company's ships has long been acknowledged. In contrast to the systematic collecting of botanical material, Swedish descriptions of Asia's human inhabitants were often inconclusive, reflecting the circumstances of the trade encounter. Linnaeus also relied on older observations made by countrymen, and his human taxonomies also highlight the role of travel literature in eighteenth-century anthropology.
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Rigon, Riccardo, Marialaura Bancheri, and Timothy R. Green. "Age-ranked hydrological budgets and a travel time description of catchment hydrology." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 20, no. 12 (December 15, 2016): 4929–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-4929-2016.
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Abstract. The theory of travel time and residence time distributions is reworked from the point of view of the hydrological storages and fluxes involved. The forward and backward travel time distribution functions are defined in terms of conditional probabilities. Previous approaches that used fixed travel time distributions are not consistent with our new derivation. We explain Niemi's formula and show how it can be interpreted as an expression of the Bayes theorem. Some connections between this theory and population theory are identified by introducing an expression which connects life expectancy with travel times. The theory can be applied to conservative solutes, including a method of estimating the storage selection functions. An example, based on the Nash hydrograph, illustrates some key aspects of the theory. Generalization to an arbitrary number of reservoirs is presented.
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Mandryko, Olga. "THE IMAGE OF MEXICO IN B. TRAVEN’S NOVEL «COTTON PICKERS»." Naukovì zapiski Nacìonalʹnogo unìversitetu «Ostrozʹka akademìâ». Serìâ «Fìlologìâ» 1, no. 13(81) (May 26, 2022): 175–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.25264/2519-2558-2022-13(81)-175-178.
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This article is devoted to the study of the components of the image of Mexico in the novel «Cotton pickers» («Die Baumwollpflücker», 1925) by German writer B. Traven. This research introduces «Cotton pickers» as the first artistic acquaintance with Mexico for the Ukrainian readers in the year 1930, and clarifies the place of the novel in the Ukrainian culture of that time. The author aims to analyze the novel «Cotton pickers» as a «laboratory» of Mexican imagery of the writer and to trace the transformations of the figurative representations of this country. Depicting his hero in constant motion in search of work, the writer creates a unique image of Mexico, which mutually reflects society and geography, human habits and animal behavior, working conditions and climate. The research investigates the topic of labor in the novel and analyzes the socio-political attitude of its author. The article describes different ethnical images, presented by B. Traven, such as Germans, French, Indians, Americans. The research determines the direction of thematic development of the novel: from the description of strikes and difficult working conditions to the apotheosis of the beauty of Mexico and its inhabitants. Images of cotton pickers, confectioners, waiters, cattle drivers as well as bandits and whores are considered. The article analyzes the writer’s style, characterized by detailed descriptions of places, food, dances, city orchestras, railway stations. The scientific article shows the leading topos of B. Traven’s novels, including Mexican landscapes, streets and squares of Tampico, hostel, train, oil production etc. It is argued that the theme of the novel is broader than its title: the author creates an anthem for the country, summarizing its image in the dimensions of love and glorification. The research concluded that the content of the German novel reflects its task in the Ukrainian culture of the time: to present a realistic, true, devoid of exotic story about the overseas country.
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Fur, Gunlög. "Different ways of seeing ‘savagery’: Two Nordic travellers in 18th-century North America." History of the Human Sciences 32, no. 4 (July 22, 2019): 43–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0952695119846003.
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Andreas Hesselius and Pehr Kalm both spent time in eastern North America during the first half of the 18th century. Both came with an ardent desire to observe and learn about the natural environment and inhabitants of the region. Both produced writings, in the form of journals that have proved immensely useful to subsequent scholars. Yet their writings also display differences that illuminate the epistemological and sociological underpinnings of their observations, and which had consequences for their encounters with foreign environments. Hesselius, who served as pastor to the Swedish congregation in Philadelphia from 1712 to 1724, described his experiences and observations with what we might call a historical awareness, while Kalm, known as the first of Linnaeus’s students to travel to the New World, primarily offered dehistoricized and denarrativized taxonomic ethnographic descriptions. At first glance, Hesselius and Kalm appear to illustrate perfectly Michel Foucault’s description of the difference between Renaissance and classical epistemologies. Kalm’s disembodied and decontextualized representations fit well with Foucault’s description of natural history in the classical age as consisting ‘of undertaking a meticulous examination of things themselves…and then of transcribing what it has gathered in smooth, neutralized, and faithful words’. This article, however, points out that while Hesselius and Kalm arrive at similar descriptions of plants and other-than-human beings by employing different methodologies, when it comes to describing indigenous peoples their respective methodologies lead to radically different approaches, with Hesselius writing them into history, while Kalm relegates them to ethnology in the sense of savage ‘peoples without histories’.
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WANG, NING, and LIZHONG PENG. "BALANCED MULTIPLE DESCRIPTION SUBBAND CODING." International Journal of Wavelets, Multiresolution and Information Processing 09, no. 04 (July 2011): 571–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219691311004225.
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Multiple description coding is one of the source coding techniques used to alleviate the problems of packet loss in network. The objective is to encode a source into two (or more) bitstreams supporting two quality levels of decoding: A high-quality reconstruction decoded from the two bitstreams together, and two lower ones, but still acceptable, decoded from either of the two bitstreams individually. Most of the earlier works concentrated on the trade-off between redundancy and average side distortion, which is insufficient to evaluate the system performance. In this paper, we discuss the difference in quality between the two side reconstructions, which is defined as the balance eccentric modulus of the coding system. A scenario to design balanced multiple description coding system is presented. Application to the popular first-order autoregressive model yields encouraging results.
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Hospodár, Michal, Galina Jirásková, and Peter Mlynárčik. "Descriptional Complexity of the Forever Operator." International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science 30, no. 01 (January 2019): 115–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129054119400069.
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We examine the descriptional complexity of the forever operator, which assigns the language [Formula: see text] to a regular language [Formula: see text], and we investigate the trade-offs between various models of finite automata. We consider complete and partial deterministic finite automata, nondeterministic finite automata with single or multiple initial states, alternating, and Boolean finite automata. We assume that the argument and the result of this operation are accepted by automata belonging to one of these six models. We investigate all possible trade-offs and provide a tight upper bound for 32 of 36 of them. The most interesting result is the trade-off from nondeterministic to deterministic automata given by the Dedekind number [Formula: see text]. We also prove that the nondeterministic state complexity of [Formula: see text] is [Formula: see text] which solves an open problem stated by Birget [The state complexity of [Formula: see text] and its connection with temporal logic, Inform. Process. Lett. 58 (1996) 185–188].
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Chaudhuri, Arin, Carol Sadek, Deovrat Kakde, Haoyu Wang, Wenhao Hu, Hansi Jiang, Seunghyun Kong, Yuwei Liao, and Sergiy Peredriy. "The trace kernel bandwidth criterion for support vector data description." Pattern Recognition 111 (March 2021): 107662. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.patcog.2020.107662.
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