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Faure, Elisabeth. "À la recherche de l’île oubliée : la Sardaigne des voyageurs." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAL039.
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Peut-on encore aujourd’hui s’engager dans un travail de recherche qui se donne pour objet la littérature du voyage en Italie ? Scruté par des exégètes passionnés qui en revisitent inlassablement les dynamiques touffues, mis en lumière dans ses élans et ses césures, le Grand Tour semble désormais s’offrir au chercheur comme un terrain d’investigation singulièrement orphelin de zones d’ombres.Or l’attention fervente dédiée à la péninsule est loin d’être uniforme, pas plus que ne l’a été son arpentage. Elle tend à se focaliser sur les pulsations significatives de certains épicentres sensibles, rejetant du même coup dans une périphérie quelquefois imprécise certains excursus mineurs affranchis des itinéraires codifiés appelés à drainer le flux des élites européennes.La présente étude se donne pour objet l’une de ces « marges » du voyage : l’île de Sardaigne, terre de confins ancrée au cœur de l’espace méditerranéen, encore inconnue alors que s’achève ailleurs le recensement du monde. À la fois jalon cardinal sur les principales routes méditerranéennes et Ultima Thulé condamnée à une longue relégation, le territoire insulaire affiche durablement la virginité d’antipodes indécis avant de devenir l’ultime étape d’un « Petit Tour » retardataire sous l’impulsion d’un bataillon clairsemé de découvreurs alternatifs.Afin de retracer l’aventure du voyage en Sardaigne, il convient d’explorer dans un premier temps le jeu de représentations complexe dont se nourrit l’image de l’île, marquée par une énigmatique ambivalence. Il s’agit ensuite de comprendre les mécanismes qui président à un lent dévoilement : longtemps cantonnée au statut d’étape fortuite, la Sardaigne va également devenir promesse d’explorations pionnières. Après avoir dressé le profil des acteurs du voyage, enquêté sur les motivations qui les animent, on les suivra dans leur itinérance, de la découverte de l’espace à la bouleversante confrontation avec une altérité aussi dérangeante que fascinante. On s’attache ainsi à mettre en lumière la richesse des visions inspirées par le microcosme insulaire, creuset de mythologies contrastées et berceau d‘imaginaires, ainsi que la vigueur des stratégies déployées par les voyageurs pour légitimer leur entreprise au regard de la référence écrasante constituée par la tradition du Grand Tour. Délaissé par ces écrivains qui vont ailleurs s’accaparer le récit de voyage, le périple sarde se confirme sans doute comme un excursus mineur. Toutefois le corpus qui en retrace les expériences singulières ne pouvait se soustraire aux dynamiques appelées à déterminer les enjeux et les ambitions de la littérature viatique au cours du XIXe siècle. Le cheminement de l’écriture fait donc l’objet d’une réflexion spécifique visant à capturer au fil des pages l’aspiration timide à une littérarité possible.Le corpus exploré, encore largement inédit, couvre un « grand siècle » (1792-1909) et se focalise sur les voyageurs de l’aire francophone, sans s’interdire les apports précieux que constituent les témoignages d’autres visiteurs européens et certains textes choisis (édités ou issus de fonds d’archives) empruntés à une chronologie élargieItaly occupies a very peculiar place in the history of travel. Considered a cradle of the Western world, the country was seen by travelers as the essential destination of the European Tour, where members of the classically trained elite, exposed to the finest achievements of art and architecture, yearned to reclaim the legacy of ancient civilizations.By the end of the 18th century, the Italian Grand Tour had stretched as far as Calabria and Sicily, inspiring countless travel accounts. But most travelers deliberately forgot to embark on the ultimate journey : remote, supposedly wild and dangerous, the little-explored island of Sardinia remained an enigma.This study explores the relatively small corpus of texts dedicated to Sardinia, focusing on French travel writing (although a wider range of sources is used in the study) and covering what may be called a “long nineteenth century” (from 1792 to 1909)
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Dömötör, Ildikó. "Gentlewomen in the bush : a historical interpretation of British women's personal narratives in nineteenth-century rural Australia." Monash University, School of Political and Social Inquiry, 2004. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/5283.
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Hoffmann, Dorothea. "Descriptions of motion and travel in Jaminjung and Kriol." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2012. http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:158778.
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The thesis provides an in-depth analysis of motion event descriptions of two Australian indigenous languages. Jaminjung is a highly endangered non Pama-Nyungan language with approximately 50 remaining speakers. Kriol, an English-lexified Creole, is spoken by about 20.000 people in different varieties across northern Australia. While the languages are typologically very different, occupancy of the same linguistic and cultural area provides an intriguing opportunity to examine the effects of culture and language contact on conceptual components and distribution patterns in discourse. This investigation also applies and tests a number of existing frameworks and typologies regarding the linguistic encoding of motion and space in general. The thesis first provides an overview of the encoding of motion event descriptions in Jaminjung and Kriol. It becomes clear that, concerning overt marking of case, ground-encodings follow a systematic semantic pattern with no or rare case-marking for deictic terms, optional marking for toponyms and mandatory marking for all other types of landmarks. Furthermore, the structure and semantics of the motion verb phrase is investigated. Particularly noteworthy here is a study of asymmetrical serial verb constructions in Kriol which revealed a number of previously undescribed types. Following this, various proposals for a typology of Frames of Reference are applied. The notion of ‘anchor’ is at the centre of the analysis. The investigation shows that contextual restrictions for the use of Jaminjung’s absolute terms can be accounted for by a restriction on egocentric anchoring and ‘Orientation’ settings only. Furthermore, absolute Frame of Reference is realised differently in Roper and Westside Kriol respectively, suggesting an ongoing influence of the traditional languages spoken by the respective communities rather than the lexifier English. Jaminjung and Kriol, additionally, prefer the use of absolute over relative Frame of Reference. The following chapter investigates how lexicalisation patterns influence the distribution of path and manner encodings in discourse. After concluding that Jaminjung might best be described as following an equipollently-framed pattern and Kriol as satellite-framed, path and manner salience is investigated in different types of discourse using a dataset of motion event encodings in a Frog Story collection and a general corpus of various discourse environments. It is concluded that while the two languages behave very differently with regards to frequency patterns of ground- and other path-encodings, they show remarkable similarities in distributing path and manner over larger chunks of discourse. These findings suggest that cultural influences may sometimes override structural typological constraints. Finally, motion event encodings in specific types of discourse are analysed. Regarding route descriptions, speakers show a clear preference for dynamic over static modes of presentation. This includes encoding ‘fictive motion’ events for which a figure- and ground-based distinction is introduced. Additionally, concerning the use of deictics in a comparative analysis of different types of corpora for both languages, it was shown that the distribution of absolute terms remains stable across discourse environments while deictic usage differs drastically. Lastly, the concept of ‘motion’ is abstracted and described as a kind of structuring device in narratives. It is shown that the ‘journey’ within the story world is used by speakers of both languages to bridge episodes sometimes even overriding a temporal in favour of a spatial order of events.
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Hultzsch, A. "An archaeology of perception : verbal descriptions of architecture in travel writings." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2011. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1335832/.
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This thesis relates two fields, the history of perception and that of language, to each other in order to argue that the ways in which we verbally describe buildings are inherently linked to the way in which we look at and make sense of them. It will show that what we understand when seeing, what we know to have seen, is shaped by the means we find to express and communicate it. The subject matter of this research is the unfamiliar architectural object as it is perceived, described and imagined while travelling. Contextualising and linking various descriptions of built spaces in travel writings at distinct moments between the seventeenth and twentieth century, perceptual modes of British and German travellers in Italy and England are mapped out. Special emphasis is placed on the context of the seventeenth century, and the birth of Empiricism, which is argued to have led to a new way of perceiving as well as describing the built environment. Texts investigated include travel diaries, letters, guidebooks as well as novels by authors such as John Evelyn, John Bargrave, Daniel Defoe, Tobias Smollett, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Jacob Burckhardt, John Ruskin and Nikolaus Pevsner. Through an archaeology of perception, local and often fragmentary narratives are constructed - ‘snapshots’ which focus on past moments rather than providing an extensive historical panorama. Processes of rendering, ordering, thinking, looking and reading the perceived are submitted to methods drawn from the following fields: the disciplines of history - the histories of art, sciences and literature - as well as the cognitive sciences, particularly cognitive linguistics, alongside the more specific concerns of architectural history and theory. Modes of perception located and retraced include notions of immediate and detached recording, of fragmented and vectorial structuring, of emotional versus truthbearing seeing, of a pure and hyperreal looking as well as of itemizing against visual description.
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Patkar, Manjiri. "Virtual imagery in nineteenth century French travel narratives perception and description of architectural space /." Diss., University of Iowa, 2002. http://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/192.
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Haubenstricker, Daniel L. "Images of Madison, Indiana : a method for tourism planning in historic places." Virtual Press, 1986. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/450105.
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The goal of the thesis is to plan for tourism in a historic community in a manner that would enrich the experiences of its visitors and residents. In order to avoid tourism's undesirable impacts, a method is presented to document residents' and visitors' problems and the improvements they desire, and to describe and compare their images of Madison.Data collection begins with structured interviews followed by a questionnaire distributed to random samples of residents and visitors. The results of the questionnaire analysis establish the residents' and visitors' images. The two images are compared using statistical tests to identify the places with greatest, moderate, and least image differences. Out of the twenty-six places tested, eleven show significant image differences.The image findings are incorporated into the site analysis for tourism. Objectives for tourism are expressed in a concept diagram, and then refined in a conceptual plan. The accompanying recommendations outline policies for proposed facilities, visitor-resident relations, and environmental education.Department of Landscape Architecture
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Diamond, Katherine. "Reducing these loose papers into this order : a bibliographical sociology of the Principall Navigations (1589)." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2012. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/8362.
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This thesis takes the first edition of Principall Navigations, Voiages and Discoveries of the English Nation (1589) as its focus. A significant, sixteenth-century printed text and Richard Hakluyt’s major work, it is familiar to scholars of the period. Its rich archival source has aided understanding of early modern geography, English discovery and cultural encounters. It has also been evaluated in relation to Hakluyt’s substantial contribution to the burgeoning literature of vernacular prose and to imperial expansionism. My thesis conceives a social history of the production, transmission and reception of Principall Navigations from bibliographical analysis, an investigative method that has remained largely untapped. In each chapter, I incorporate information drawn from the material text into an appreciation of historical practice and relocate Principall Navigations more precisely in its socio-historical moment. This engages with and, in some cases, destabilizes current critical positions. In the first chapter, I explore the importance of Hakluyt’s patrons. Francis Walsingham’s essential role is recorded through his connection with the various interdependent networks of people involved in the book’s production and Hakluyt’s description of his ‘prescribed limites’. This chapter re-evaluates authorial subjectivity. In chapter two, Walsingham’s authority over the Queen’s printing house generally and the production of Principall Navigations particularly is traced through the examination of the Stationers’ Company archive and the evolution of the office of the royal printer. This chapter contends that Walsingham commanded the production of Principall Navigations. Chapter three represents a bibliographical study which integrates the production of Principall Navigations into the Queen’s printers’ general work patterns and investigates textual variants and paper-stocks. The date of the interpolation of the Drake leaves is posited with reference to the debate concerning their suppression. The final chapter explores the relationship between early modern readers and empirical records, through historical reading practice, and concludes by evaluating the location of discursive authority.
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Spyker, Stephen K. "Spirituality and technology on the Appalachian Trail : a study in frontiers." Virtual Press, 2004. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1290777.
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Kotzé, Louis Jacobus Daniël. "An investigation into the coverage of diverse forms of tourism in South African travel magazines." Thesis, University of Port Elizabeth, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/339.
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There have been several changes in tourism in South Africa since 1994. During apartheid, black people were not allowed to become involved in important aspects of tourism, particularly at management level. However, this situation is changing and all cultures are gradually becoming engaged in th e tourism industry. The economic progress of the black community has resulted in the materialization of cultural villages, tourism projects to give rural people jobs, and an increase in township tourist attractions, heritage tours, etc. These initiatives have led to the establishment of certain types of tourism such as cultural tourism, urban tourism and community-based tourism. It could be said without hesitation, at the prescientific level, that the diversity in cultures, for one, is a major attraction of this country. Another change has been the increase in tourism from countries which have been excluded from South Africa in the past. Examples of these are African countries such as Kenya and Nigeria, as well as countries on other continents, including India, Bangladesh and the East-European bloc. Up to 2003/4, South Africa experienced the longest uninterrupted period of economic growth in its history. This resulted in people being able to afford a higher standard of living and therefore having more money to spend on travelling. as the economic growth stimulated the growth of tourism, both local and foreign, in the country. Seen from the perspective of the tourism industry, it is important to keep the public informed and up to date about what a country has to offer in order to maintain the increase in tourism. The media assist in this process. The travelling public is informed by word of mouth, but also through newspapers, magazines, television and radio. Information about the different attractions, whether cultures, wildlife or sport, et cetera, would not always be easy to find, were it not for the media. As tourism grows, more tourist attractions will develop, with a bigger need for tourists to be informed as an immediate result. The role of the media in this information giving is th erefore constantly on the increase.
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Aubry, Marie-Christine. "Les visages de Djibouti à travers les récits de voyage." Paris 4, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA040170.
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L'ancienne colonie française, apellée depuis 1977 République de Djibouti, a longtemps été en marge de l'histoire et reste méconnue : le premier témoignage écrit d'un étranger date de 1708, et le second de 1841 seulement, avec Charles Rochet d'Hericourt. Les voyageurs - presque tous francophones - explorateurs, commerçants, fonctionnaires ou simples touristes, qui se sont succédés, de plus en plus nombreux depuis un siècle et demi, ont laissé plusieurs centaines d'ouvrages divers, souvent difficiles à trouver (articles,récits ou chroniques, souvenirs anecdotiques, romans en petit nombre) qui présentent des traits communs : rares sont les oeuvres exclusivement consacrées à Djibouti, qui reste un lieu de passage vers l'Ethiopie, l'Arabie ou les ports de l'océan Indien ; très nombreuses, par contre, sont les oeuvres, parfois de simples fragments, ou Djibouti est décrit comme une terre de stérilité, de mort et de barbarie (I - voyages et voyageurs). Les conditions de voyage du XIXe siècle, très aléatoires et dangereuses, peuvent expliquer en partie cette vision calamiteuse, qui porte sur les paysages autant que sur les populations et les genres de vie (II - choses vues). Mais très vite, les images se sont figées en stéréotypes. Souvent déprécié jusqu'à passer pour l'antichambre de l'enfer ; parfois idéalisé par les aventuriers, les naturistes et les mystiques ; toujours dénaturé par les procédés habituels de la caricature (l'outrance, la schématisation et l'assimilation), Djibouti sert de support aux fantasmes des étrangers. Sans doute, les Djiboutiens sont-ils les seuls à pouvoir définir et dévoiler leur authenticité, s'ils le veulent. Cependant, le regard de l'étranger, si partiel et partial soit-il, ne pourra être délibérément ignoréThis former french colony, called the Republic of Djibouti since 1977, has long been a foot note to history, and remains unrecognized : it was first mentionned by a foreigner in 1708, and then not, until 1841 by Charles Rochet d'Hericourt. The travellers - nearly all of them french-speaking people - explorers, tradesmen,civil servants or ordinary tourists, who have been more and more numerous to come in Djibouti for a century and a half, have left several hundred varied pieces of work, oftendifficult to find (articles, accounts or chronicles, anecdotical memories, a few novels) presenting common features : very few are solely devoted to Djibouti, which remains a place of transit towards Ethiopia, Arabia or the harbours of the Indian ocean ;on the other hand, they are quite a lot of works, sometimes only fragments, in which Djibouti is depicted as a land of barrenness, death and barbarity (part I - travels and travellers). The very hazardous travelling conditions of the XIXth century may partly account for this grim outlook on the landscapes, the populations and the ways of living (part II - sights). But, very soon, these descriptions congealed into cliches. Often depreciated to the point of being considered as the antichamber of hell ; sometimes idealized by adventurers, nature lovers and mystics ; always distorted by the wellknown processes of caricature (excess, schematization and assimilation) Djibouti feeds the foreigner's fantasms : against their will, the travellers create and spread mythical interpetations and his true face is concealed (part III - myth and reality). The Djiboutians are, no doubt, the only ones able to define and unveil their authenticity, if they want to do. Neverthe less, the foreigner's opinion, however partial and onesided, can't be deliberately ignored
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Bush, Charmel Lolita. "Image of Nelson Mandela Bay (NMB): an external stakeholder's perspective." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/9097.
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A distinctive destination image is required in order to compete with other destinations for tourists and investors alike. This main objective of this study is to develop a model for destination image formation for Nelson Mandela Bay as a secondary economy to boost its global competitiveness. Several researchers have studied destination image and based on the fact that tourists and investors usually have a limited knowledge of destinations they have not previously visited, destination image fulfils an important function insofar as destinations with strong, positive, discriminatory and recognisable images. A literature study was conducted to identify the key influencers on destination image as well as to identify which forces are likely to influence the destination image of Nelson Mandela Bay. The different factors of destination image were identified from the literature sources and these factors provided a basis for an empirical study that was conducted amongst external stakeholders. The primary research objective was to create a model of destination image for Nelson Mandela Bay and to explain the cause and effect relationship between the dependent and independent variables. Added to the primary research objective, eight secondary research objectives were identified. The primary research question for this study was to identify what influences the destination image of Nelson Mandela Bay. Added to the primary research question, the researcher also identified eight research questions as part of the study. The empirical analysis was used to test the hypotheses and ultimately develop a model for destination image formation for Nelson Mandela Bay. This study was exploratory in nature and thus used a limited sample to gain insights for further research. Data were obtained through questionnaires that were distributed electronically to 120 respondents. This study concluded with the development of a destination image model for Nelson Mandela Bay that can be expanded upon with further research. The results indicate that general infrastructure and social environment; leisure and recreation; and culture influence the Affective component of Nelson Mandela Bay. Information sources and Political stability and risk influence the Cognitive component of Nelson Mandela Bay. Together the Affective and Cognitive component makes up the overall image of Nelson Mandela Bay.
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Girardin, Jordan. "Travel in the Alps : the construction of a transnational space through digital and mental mapping (c. 1750s-1850s)." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/10648.
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The period between the 1750s and 1830s witnessed a major change in travel practices in Europe, moving away from the traditional Grand Tour and focusing more on natural places, their visual power, and their influence on individual emotions. Such changes meant that the Alps ceased to be seen as a natural obstacle that had to be crossed in order to access Italy, and became a place to explore and a mountainous space par excellence. This thesis addresses the importance of mental mapping in travel literature and its impact on the construction of the Alps as a transnational space, which eventually facilitated the creation of a viable touristic market in the Alps as we know it today. The first part of the thesis analyses the transformation of the Alps from a natural frontier to a border region explored by travellers and their networks. The second part discusses the consequences of these changes on mental mapping and spatial representations of the Alps by travellers: it highlights the way external visitors often had very subjective interpretations of what the Alps meant as a term and a place, and conveyed those to other travellers through travel writing. Finally, the third part of this work investigates the development of an Alpine myth as a product of these shifting mental representations: the Alps became a set of expectations, typical images, and encounters to be expected.
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Chang, Na. "The East and the West in the travel writings of the late medieval East and West." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708975.
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Sicilia, Alberto. "Dynamique hors équilibre à travers une transition de phase." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066302.
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Lorsqu'un système est forcé instantanément à traverser une transition phase du second ordre, la relaxation a lieu par l'annihilation de défauts topologiques. Dans ce cas, les défauts sont les parois qui séparent les domaines où le paramètre d'ordre prend une des deux valeurs d'équilibre possibles. Ce processus dynamique est connue sous le nom de croissance de domaines. Dans cette thèse nous présentons des résultats analytiques, des simulations et des expériences pour la croissance de domaines dans des systèmes 2d. Nous obtenons des résultats exacts pour la dynamique d'un champ scalaire non-conservé en deux dimensions. En particulier, nous obtenons la distribution des tailles des domaines à tout moment au cours de l'évolution. Ce résultat constitue la première preuve analytique de l'hypothèse d'échelle dynamique. Nous calculons aussi quelques autres grandeurs géométriques telles que la distribution des périmètres et les propriétés fractales des parois. Nous prolongeons l'analyse géométrique déjà mis au point pour la croissance de domaines dans les systèmes où le paramètre d'ordre est une quantité conservée et aussi aux systèmes avec du désordre gelé. Nous vérifions nos résultats avec des expériences dans des cristaux liquides.
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Pockley, Simon Charles Nepean. "The flight of ducks research report." [Melbourne] : S. Pockley, 1998. http://purl.nla.gov.au/nla/pandora/FOD.
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"Submitted by Simon Charles Nepean Pockley ... as a partial requirement for Degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Project 18th July, 1998". "WARNING culturally sensitive material". Available [on line] http://www.cinemedia.net/FOD/FOD0043.html Archived at ANL http://purl.nla.gov.au/nla/pandora/FOD http Text, graphics, sound and animation The Flight of ducks is a multi-purpose on-line work built around a collection of archival material from a camel expedition into the central Australian frontier in 1933. This journey was revisited in 1976 and retraced in 1996."- leaf 1.
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Vanderbauwhede, Gudrun. "Le déterminant démonstratif en français et en néerlandais à travers les corpus : théorie, description, acquisition." Thesis, Paris 10, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA100122.
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Cette thèse doctorale comprend une étude contrastive basée sur corpus du déterminant démonstratif en français et en néerlandais en langue native (L1) et en interlangue (L2). Cette étude commence par un volet théorique dans lequel nous élaborons un modèle systématique des emplois référentiels du syntagme nominal démonstratif à partir d’une étude critique de la littérature secondaire en interaction avec une analyse qualitative d’exemples authentiques. Ensuite, nous nous basons en grande partie sur l’Integrated Contrastive Model de Granger (1996) et nous combinons plusieurs analyses contrastives en L1 et en L2 dans le but de dissocier les mécanismes de traduction des différences structurelles et distributionnelles entre le déterminant démonstratif en français et en néerlandais et d’examiner dans quelle mesure ces différences influencent les productions écrites en L2. Afin d’étudier les questions de recherche centrales relatives aux volets descriptif et acquisitionnel de notre thèse, nous réalisons trois études différentes : langue source vs. langue cible (L1), langue native vs. langue native (L1) et langue native vs. interlangue (L1 – L2). À cet effet, nous nous servons de deux corpus parallèles L1, à savoir le Dutch Parallel Corpus et le Corpus de Namur, et de deux corpus d’apprenants, à savoir le Leerdercorpus Nederlands qui contient 1315 textes néerlandais écrits par des apprenants francophones et le Leerdercorpus Frans qui contient 1402 textes français écrits par des apprenants néerlandophones (niveaux B2-C1)This doctoral thesis includes a corpus-based contrastive study of the French and Dutch demonstrative determiner in native language (L1) and learner language (L2). This study starts with a theoretical section in which we develop a systematic model of the referential uses of the demonstrative noun phrase by means of a critical study of literature in interplay with a qualitative analysis of authentic examples. Subsequently, we base our study for the most part on Granger’s Integrated Contrastive Model (1996) and we combine several contrastive L1 and L2 analyses in order to distinguish translation mechanisms from structural and distributional differences between the French and Dutch demonstrative determiner and to investigate to what extent these differences have an impact on written L2 productions. In order to examine the central research questions with respect to the descriptive part and the applied part of our doctoral thesis, we carry out three studies, each with a different focus: source language vs. target language (L1), original language vs. original language (L1) and original language vs. learner language (L1 – L2). At this purpose, we use two written L1 parallel corpora, namely the Dutch Parallel Corpus and the Namur Corpus, and two written learner corpora, in particular the Leerdercorpus Nederlands that contains 1315 Dutch texts written by French learners and the self-made Leerdercorpus Frans that includes 1402 French texts written by Dutch learners (B2-C1 level)
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Trépanier, Stéphane. "Description de l'incidence et de certains facteurs de risque de la malaria, l'hépatite A, la typhoïde et la shigellose chez les voyageurs québécois." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5963.
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Au Québec, en 2007, plus de 1 384 000 voyages internationaux ont été effectués. Ce nombre est 50 % plus élevé qu'il ne l'était en 2000. Conséquemment, le comité consultatif québécois sur la santé des voyageurs (CCQSV) a émis, comme priorité en 2008, de dresser un portrait actuel de l'épidémiologie et du fardeau lié aux maladies acquises en voyage. OBJECTIFS Décrire l'épidémiologie des 4 maladies à l'étude au Québec, entre 2004 et 2007. Secondairement, comparer certains résultats avec une étude antérieure pour 3 de ces maladies et valider une variable nommée "ÉPISODE ACQUIS HORS QUÉBEC" ajoutée au fichier provincial des maladies à déclaration obligatoire (MADO) en 2003. DEVIS : Étude descriptive transversale des cas de fièvre typhoïde, d'hépatite A, de malaria et de shigellose. DONNÉES ET MÉTHODOLOGIE: Les cas des quatre maladies à l'étude, inscrits dans le fichier MADO, entre les années 2004 et 2007, ont été analysés avec l'information disponible dans les enquêtes épidémiologiques. Pour les cas de shigellose, un échantillonnage a eu lieu. Les variables ont été colligées par un seul évaluateur à l'aide d'une grille pré-testée. La qualité des données a été validée par une double collecte et une double saisie. Lorsque possible, les données concernant l'ensemble des voyageurs, et non seulement les cas, ont été tirées des données sur les voyages internationaux de STATISTIQUE CANADA. La sensibilité et la spécificité de la variable "épisode acquis hors Québec" ont été calculées en comparant l'information inscrite au fichier MADO avec celle des questionnaires d'enquête épidémiologique des directions de santé publique, considérés comme l'étalon or. L'étude de Provost et al. (2006) a été utilisée aux fins de comparaisons. RÉSULTATS: La proportion de cas liés aux voyages a été calculée : malaria (78,3 %), fièvre typhoïde (73,4 %), shigellose (50 %) et hépatite A (35,8 %). Le nombre de cas déclarés durant la période varie de 55 cas pour la fièvre typhoïde à 760 cas pour la shigellose. L'incidence annuelle moyenne (par 100 000 personnes) liée aux voyages pour la période 2004-2007 est de 0,59 pour la malaria, 0,13 pour la fièvre typhoïde, 0,49 pour la shigellose et 0,44 pour l'hépatite A. Les immigrants qui retournent visiter la famille et les amis (VFA). sont importants en proportion chez les cas de malaria (52,9 %). Les cas d'hépatite A surviennent davantage durant les voyages de plus de deux semaines (75,6 %). Une proportion importante des cas d'hépatite A provient de l'Afrique (28,3 %). Le sous-continent indien obtient le rapport du nombre de cas sur le nombre de voyages le plus élevé pour la fièvre typhoïde, l'hépatite A et la shigellose. La shigellose se démarque des autres maladies avec une majorité de cas chez les touristes (76,1 %) et les cas surviennent principalement lors de courts séjours d'une semaine ou moins (39,6 %). La variable "ÉPISODE ACQUIS HORS QUÉBEC" du fichier MADO présente encore une proportion importante de dossiers ou l'information est inconnue (28,6 %) pour les maladies à l'étude. En excluant les données inconnues, la variable présente une sensibilité de 97,5 % et une spécificité de 98,5 %. Comparativement à la période 2000-2002, la proportion de cas chez les VFA a augmentée pour la malaria et la fièvre typhoïde. La proportion de cas de malaria contractés en Afrique sub-saharienne a aussi augmentée (87,2 % vs 72 % en 2000-2002). CONCLUSIONS Les 4 maladies à l'étude sont encore des maladies fréquentes chez les voyageurs internationaux québécois. Les voyageurs à destination de l'Afrique et du sous-continent indien méritent une attention spéciale, tout particulièrement les voyageurs du type VFA. Les touristes devraient être avisés du risque de shigellose malgré la vaccination contre d'autres maladies. Il est recommandé d'uniformiser le format des questionnaires d'enquête au niveau provincial et de sensibiliser les professionnels à l'importance de saisir le pays d'acquisition au fichier MADO. Malgré l'excellente sensibilité et spécificité de la variable, il est conseillé de l'utiliser avec prudence.
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FILAL, ABDELLAH. "Egypte le connu et l'inconnu : description de thebes et de ses antiquites a travers les ouvrages des voyageurs anciens de 1600 a 1799 (description de l'egypte)." Lyon 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LYO20065.
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Knöck, Raymond Bennett. "The emergence of a sunspot tourist destination : a case study of St. Kitts." Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=64024.
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Hoelbeek, Thomas. "The spatial expressions containing French 'travers' and Italian 'traverso': a functional semantic description from diachronic perspective." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209319.
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This thesis belongs to the research tradition of Romance historical semantics, and combines diachronic methods with cognitive hypotheses. Analysing complex adpositions in French and Italian, its originality resides in the fact that, both for literal and metaphorical uses, it applies a functional approach to a diachronic problematic, carrying out a corpus analysis.The period covered consists of four hundred years (from the 16th until the end of the 19th Century). The constructions under analysis conform to the pattern [PREP1 (+ article) + travers(o) (+ PREP2)], viz. the French expressions 'à travers (de)', 'au travers (de)', 'en travers (de)', 'de travers' and their Italian formal equivalents 'a traverso/at(t)raverso (a, di, per)', 'al traverso (di)', 'in traverso (di)' and 'di traverso (a)' ('traverso (a)', without PREP1, is included too). These expressions, and especially their prepositional uses, are assumed to be intrinsically dynamic. However, they are no pure prepositions, in that all of them can be used in at least two different syntactic roles. More specifically, some are principally found as a preposition, and secondarily as an adverb; others behave mostly as an adverb, but also as an adjective; finally, certain expressions exhibit all three types of uses.
The results can be structured around four axes. Firstly, a complete diachronic-semantic description of all uses is given of this set of hardly explored expressions, in order to contribute to a better comprehension of their semantic structure. The study bears on morphological, syntactic, but most of all semantic aspects of the evolutions observed. Secondly, functional concepts such as Guidance, proposed in synchronic research (in particular by Stosic (2002b; 2007; 2009)), and notions we elaborate on the basis of research on Modern French (cf. Somers 1988; and Plungian 2002), in particular Contrast and Deviation, are put to the test. By adopting a diachronic perspective, we assess to what extent these notions are able to describe the semantics conveyed in the past by the expressions under study. Thirdly, this thesis determines in what measure the expressions analysed were subjected to a grammaticalisation process, and why some of them (in particular 'à travers', and, to a lesser extent, 'a traverso/at(t)raverso (a, di, per)') became significantly more frequent from the 18th Century onwards. We provide elements that point to a more advanced grammaticalisation for certain expressions. Moreover, we determine to what extent the evolutionary trends observed corroborate or, on the contrary, disconfirm various mechanisms considered to be part of the process of grammaticalisation. Finally, a comparison between the evolutions in the two languages under study helps to distinguish between more general and language-specific mechanisms of semantic and grammatical evolution, given that every natural language has a specific way of organising its own modelling of space.
The results of this study enrich our knowledge of the phrases studied and their functioning in the past, but also in present-day French and Italian, providing diachronic observations regarding the functional notions put to the test. Further, it contributes to a better understanding of the grammaticalisation mechanisms of complex constructions. Finally, it shows that typologically related languages may evolve differently in their ways of representing space, and in particular in their semantic distribution of various functional concepts within a group of close constructions./Cette thèse s’inscrit dans le domaine de la sémantique historique romane, et combine des méthodes diachroniques avec des hypothèses cognitives. En analysant des adpositions complexes en français et en italien, son originalité réside dans le fait que, à la fois pour des usages littéraux et métaphoriques, elle applique une approche fonctionnelle à une problématique diachronique, en réalisant une analyse de corpus.
La période traitée est constituée de quatre cents ans (à partir du XVIe jusqu’à la fin du XIXe siècle). Les constructions analysées sont conformes au modèle [PREP1 (+ article) + travers(o) (+ PREP2)], à savoir les expressions françaises 'à travers (de)', 'au travers (de)', 'en travers (de)', 'de travers' et leurs équivalentes formelles italiennes 'a traverso/at(t)raverso (a, di, per)', 'al traverso (di)', 'in traverso (di)' et 'di traverso (a)' ('traverso (a)', sans PREP1, est aussi incluse). Ces expressions, et surtout leurs usages prépositionnels, sont supposées être intrinsèquement dynamiques. Cependant, elles ne sont pas de pures prépositions, en ce que chacune d’elles peut être utilisée dans au moins deux rôles syntaxiques différentes. Plus précisément, certaines se rencontrent principalement comme préposition, et accessoirement comme adverbe ;d’autres se comportent la plupart du temps comme adverbe, mais aussi comme adjectif ;enfin, certaines expressions présentent les trois types d’usages.
Les résultats s’articulent autour de quatre axes. Tout d’abord, une description diachronique et sémantique complète est donnée de tous les usages de l’ensemble de ces expressions qui sont à peine explorées, afin de contribuer à une meilleure compréhension de leur structure sémantique. L’étude porte sur des aspects morphologiques, syntaxiques, mais surtout sémantiques des évolutions observées. Deuxièmement, des concepts fonctionnels tels que celui de Guidage, proposé dans des travaux en synchronie (en particulier par Stosic (2002b; 2007; 2009)), et des notions que nous élaborons sur la base d’analyses du français moderne (cf. Somers 1988; et Plungian 2002), en particulier celles de Contraste et Déviation, sont mises à l’épreuve. En adoptant une perspective diachronique, nous évaluons dans quelle mesure ces notions sont en mesure de décrire la sémantique véhiculée dans le passé par les expressions étudiées. Troisièmement, cette thèse détermine dans quelle mesure les expressions analysées ont été soumises à un processus de grammaticalisation, et pourquoi certaines d’entre elles (en particulier 'à travers' et, dans une moindre mesure, 'a traverso/at(t)raverso (a, di, per)') sont devenues beaucoup plus fréquentes à partir du XVIIIe siècle. Nous fournissons des éléments qui indiquent une grammaticalisation plus avancée de certaines expressions. De plus, nous déterminons dans quelle mesure les tendances évolutives observées corroborent ou, au contraire, infirment différents mécanismes considérés comme faisant partie du processus de grammaticalisation. Enfin, une comparaison entre les évolutions dans les deux langues étudiées permet de distinguer des tendances sémantiques et grammaticales plus générales de ceux qui sont plus spécifiques à une langue, étant donné que chaque langue naturelle a une façon spécifique d’organiser sa représentation de l’espace.
En fournissant des observations diachroniques sur les notions fonctionnelles mises à l’épreuve, cette thèse enrichit notre connaissance des constructions étudiées et leur fonctionnement dans le passé, ce qui aide aussi à mieux comprendre leur usage contemporain. De plus, elle contribue à une meilleure compréhension des mécanismes de grammaticalisation des constructions complexes. Enfin, elle montre que des langues typologiquement proches peuvent évoluer différemment dans leurs modes de représentation de l’espace, et en particulier dans la distribution sémantique de différents concepts fonctionnels dans un groupe de constructions proches.
Doctorat en Langues et lettres
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Ashworth, Margaret Jane. ""To be" in design, travel and nature: The applicability of E-Prime to descriptive writing." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1994. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/971.
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Picard, Karine. "Étude expérimentale du transfert de chaleur à travers les cornes chez les bovidés : description et implications évolutives." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1996. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq21816.pdf.
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Zhou, Lichen. "Destination attributes that attract international tourists to Cape Town." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
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This thesis identified Cape Town's important destination attributes. It also examined how and to what extent Cape Town's important destination attributes impact on international tourists decision on choosing Cape Town as their destination.
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Walker, Brett L. "William Smith Clark: A Study in Education, Christianity, and American-Japanese Cooperation in the Nineteenth Century." PDXScholar, 1993. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4640.
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In March, 1990, I was hired to teach English in Japan at a small, private academy in Chitose, Hokkaido. The school was called the Academy of Clark's Spirit. My first day at work I was asked by my boss, Sato Masako: "So Mr. Walker, of course you know who Dr. Clark is?" I told Mr. Sato that I was sorry, but that I did not. "You said in your resume that you are a history student? We named this school after him. He's one of the most important people in Hokkaido's history," he said, looking disappointed. Mr. Sato explained that he wanted me to teach with the spirit of Clark in mind and bring to his classrooms what Clark brought to Hokkaido over a hundred years before. I nodded and asked to see my apartment. I began this study of William Smith Clark after my first stay in Hokkaido. It is the product of my interest in modern Japanese history, particularly Japan's relationship with the United States. The first leg of this project was started in Amherst, Massachusetts, where I met with Dr. John Maki. He directed me through the Clark collection at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst. I had several interviews with Maki during the week I was in Massachusetts and was given liberal access to the Clark collection under his influence. The second leg of my study was continued in Sapporo, Hokkaido. I met with Dr. Toshiyuki Akizuki at Hokkaido University and was shown through the Clark collection there. I lived in Hokkaido for about two years and have kept notes on the tribute paid to Clark and visible signs of his impact on the northern island. The focus of this study is to look at Clark's contribution to the development of Hokkaido by detailing his work in education, Christianity, and agriculture. By focusing on Clark's particular contribution to Hokkaido a larger historical trend, that is, the importation of foreign ideas in the history of Meiji Japan, is better understood. ~he results of this study conclude that Clark was an important figure in the history of Hokkaido's settlement, and to the development of nineteenth century Japan.,. ,Clark was also an important figure in the history of the relations between Japan and the United states., It is in lasting institutions like Hokkaido University and the Sapporo Independent Christian Church where Clark's impact is best illustrated. These institutions, particularly the university, were the nerve centers for Hokkaido's development, and Clark planted these seeds of enlightenment, under the direction of the Meiji government, in the fertile northern soil. I have gained a better understanding of Clark's stay in Hokkaido because of this project, but doubt that I could even now satisfy Mr. Sato's insistence that I teach with Clark's spirit. I do understand, however, why it was important to Mr. Sato that I try. Clark's phrase "Boys Be Ambitious" still embodies the spirit of many educators in Hokkaido and his success with Japanese students is one of the better examples of international exchange in any country. Clark is cherished by the people of Hokkaido as the spiritual pioneer of their island even though his stay
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Douaihy-Hatem, Thérèse. "La Montagne libanaise à travers les récits des voyageurs français du XIXe siècle entre 1830 et 1862." Paris 3, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA03A101.
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Sirven, Hélène. "L'Image de l’Océanie à travers la revue Le Tour du monde (1860-1914) : figures de l’exotisme." Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010529.
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De 1860 à 1914, la revue "Le Tour du monde" propose un riche corpus de textes illustrés qui sont autant de sources pour une exploration de l’imaginaire français d’hier et d’aujourd’hui. Parmi les régions évoquées, l’Océanie constitue un ensemble complexe de figures chatoyantes, nourrissant un exotisme issu des Lumières, travaillé par les paradoxes du siècle de l’industrie et construit tout au long des massacres coloniaux. Filtres d’un réel disparu, les voyages aux antipodes du "Tour du monde" nous invitent à nous déplacer dans l’espace et dans le temps ; ils nous renvoient au constat de notre étrangeté, par le jeu subtil des récits et des images en noir et blanc. La revue, mine d’information, vaste et singulière carte géographique, confère au fragment une valeur essentielle : lui seul permet de saisir finement ce qui constitue le réel, ce qui nous échappe. A travers l’étude du "Tour du monde", nous abordons un des aspects de l’histoire des représentations, nous remettons en question les modalités de la rencontre avec l’étranger, cette figure de nous-même, cette ouverture aussi. Et le parcours labyrinthique, ramifié, auquel nous sommes conviés, ne s’avère possible que par l’approche transversale des sciences humainesBetween 1860 and 1914, the magazine "Le Tour du monde" provides with its wealth of illustrated texts, ideal source material for an exploration of the French imagination, post and present. Among the regions described is Oceania. This complex configuration of alluring images feeds an exoticism that was born of the Enlightenment, fashioned by the contradictions of industrial age and sustained throughout the colonial massacres. The antipodean travelogues of "Le Tour du monde" provide a filter for a reality that is no more. They invite us to journey in space and time through the subtle interplay of image and narrative and so bring us to an awareness of our own foreignness. The publication is a mine of information as well as a vast and unique map but above all it highlights the essential value of the fragment. For it is the fragment alone that can enable us delicately to grasp that which eludes us, the real world. Through a study of "Le Tour du monde" we can explore one of the facets of the history of representation : our perception of the foreigner. We can reassess this figure that is at once our other self and an openness. And it is only through the horizontal discipline of human science that we may even contemplate this labyrinthic journey
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Thompson, Madeline Ardell. "A descriptive study of travel and tourism education programs at the secondary school level in the United States." Diss., This resource online, 1997. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-10022007-144816/.
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Elfagui, Nasser. "Images de la Tripolitaine à travers les écrits des voyageurs musulmans et européens aux XVIIIe et XIXe siècles." Paris 4, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA040310.
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Norris, Mary Beth. "A walking tour for elementary students of the historical district of Highland, California." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1998. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1441.
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Ralantoaritsilba, Nirina. "Les récits de voyage des Français de la Ruée vers l'or à 1913-1915." Thesis, Paris 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA040087.
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La thèse étudie les périples et les récits des voyageurs français (une quarantaine) en Californie pendant la Ruée vers l'or jusqu'à 1915. On propose une typologie des voyageurs et une analyse de leurs récits de voyage.Après une introduction faisant l'état des lieux de la France au milieu du XIXe siècle et du jeune État californien qui vient juste d'entrer dans l'Union au moment de la découverte de l'or, la thèse se divise en trois parties : la première partie porte sur le voyageur (un être aventurier et pionnier, son épopée californienne, son rapport au temps outre-Atlantique), la deuxième partie concerne le récit de voyage (entre épopée et ethnographie, les realia et topoï californiens, la naissance d'un nouveau genre littéraire, le « western littéraire » à la française), la troisième partie propose l'étude approfondie de trois variantes significatives du « western littéraire ».La thèse est accompagnée de cartes, de portraits de voyageurs et de gravuresThe thesis studies the journeys and the travel relations of French travellers (about fourty), visiting California during the Gold Rush until 1915. It aims to establish a typology of the travellers and to analyse their travel relations.After an introduction presenting the context in France in the middle of the 19th century and in California which just became the new State of the United States of America after the discovery of gold, the thesis is divided in three parts: the first one focuses on travellers (adventurers and pioneers, their epic California, their time perception in the Far West), the second part analyses the travel relations (between epic and ethnography, californian realities and places, the birth of a new genre in literature, the French « literary western »), the third part presents a choice of three particular examples of « literary western ».The thesis also includes maps, portraits of travellers and engraved pictures
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Medawar, Christian. "Mary Edith Durham and the Balkans, 1900-1914." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23726.
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This thesis is an exposition on the British traveller Mary Edith Durham and her various activities in the Balkans from 1900 to 1914. Durham earned a reputation as an ethnographer, traveller, reporter, political activist and relief worker. First, the thesis documents her experiences between 1900-1908 as a traveller in the Balkans. In this period Durham developed a keen interest for the history and cultures of the peoples of the Balkans. She also gained a solid knowledge of Balkan politics and became a familiar face in Montenegro and the Albanian territories of the Ottoman Empire. The study then describes her relief work in Albania and her efforts to lobby for the Albanian cause from 1910 to 1914, when she returned to England.The research consists of both published works and unpublished sources, some of which have not been used for studying Durham. These include Durham's personal manuscripts, correspondence from other personal papers, and documents from the British Foreign Office archives. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Furgiuele, Peter M. "A museum about the city: an air rights proposal for Boston." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53068.
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The John F. Kennedy Expressway, commonly known as The Central Artery, is an elevated highway running north-south through downtown Boston. It is an immense structure which cuts its way through the urban fabric, is a considerable source of noise and pollution, and visually segregates the city’s downtown from its vital waterfront.
Recently a study was undertaken to explore the possibility of removing the elevated Central Artery and replacing it with a tunnel in order to alleviate traffic congestion and noise, curtail pollution and reunite the downtown with the waterfront. If this proposal were carried through, fifteen air-rights parcels (approximately twenty acres) would become available for development in Boston’s inner core. This thesis explores one possible way of using a specific air-rights parcel above the proposed tunnel.Master of Architecture
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Stratiki, Kerasia. "Le culte des héroïnes et des héros grecs à travers la Périégèse de Pausanias." Paris 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA040143.
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En tant que figures intermédiaires entre le divin et l’humain, et entre la politique et la religion, les héroïnes et les héros grecs sont des divinités très complexes. Même si le terme « religion » est absent du vocabulaire grec ancien, les croyances et les pratiques cultuelles en usage ne sauraient être désignées autrement par le vocabulaire moderne. Nous appelons politiques, les héros qui jouent un rôle central dans la structure de l’histoire (et du mythe, encore que les Grecs anciens ne séparent pas ces deux notions) des cités grecques. Et religieux, ceux dont le mythe et le culte sont étroitement liés aux besoins des citoyens grecs et aux moments cruciaux de leur vie humaine, palliant la faiblesse qui caractérise la nature mortelle, ou encore à l’organisation d’un culte particulier. En tenant compte de la pluralité culturelle du culte héroïque grec et des valeurs ethnographiques et descriptives de l’œuvre de Pausanias, nous avons choisi la Périégèse comme fil conducteur de notre recherche sur le culte des héroïnes et des héros grecs, en tant que phénomène politico-religieux tel qu’il se présente à travers ses dix livres, tout en prenant en considération le caractère tardif de son œuvre et la polysémie des termes cultuels en questionGreek heroines and heroes are very complicated divinities : that is due to their status of intermediate beings between the divine and the human and between politics and religion. Even if the term ‘religion’ is absent from the ancient greek vocabulary, beliefs and cultural practices in use could not have been characterised in a different way in the modern vocabulary. We name political heroes those who keep a leading role in the structure of history and myth (we notice that ancient Greeks do not separate those two notions) of greek cities. On the other hand, religious heroes are those whose myth and cult are closely connected with the needs of greek citizens and the crucial moments of their human life. Keeping in mind the cultural plurality of the greek heroic cult, the ethnographic and descriptive values in Pausanias’ work, we have chosen the Periegesis as a guide in our research on the cult of greek heroines and heroes because it is presented as a political-religious phenomenon throughout Pausanias’ ten books ; however, the late character of the work and the polycemy of the various cultural terms in question should be kept in mind
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McFarlane, Elizabeth Anne. "French travellers to Scotland, 1780-1830 : an analysis of some travel journals." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/21711.
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This study examines the value of travellers’ written records of their trips with specific reference to the journals of five French travellers who visited Scotland between 1780 and 1830. The thesis argues that they contain material which demonstrates the merit of journals as historical documents. The themes chosen for scrutiny, life in the rural areas, agriculture, industry, transport and towns, are examined and assessed across the journals and against the social, economic and literary scene in France and Scotland. Through the evidence presented in the journals, the thesis explores aspects of the tourist experience of the Enlightenment and post -Enlightenment periods. The viewpoint of knowledgeable French Anglophiles and their receptiveness to Scottish influences, grants a perspective of the position of France in the economic, social and power structure of Europe and the New World vis-à-vis Scotland. The thesis adopts a narrow, focussed analysis of the journals which is compared and contrasted to a broad brush approach adopted in other studies.
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Bibié-Emerit, Laetitia. "Description du discours numérique : étude des bouleversements linguistiques du web 2.0 au travers de l'exemple des souhaits d'anniversaire sur Facebook." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BOR30076/document.
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Ce travail de recherche propose une description du discours numérique tel qu’il apparaît dans l’environnement numérique qu’est Facebook. Il s’appuie sur l’étude des souhaits d’anniversaire, en montrant comment leur forme finale peut être influencée par la préconstruction technolangagière du site. La première partie, donne un aperçu de l’évolution des recherches sur le discours numérique, en décrivant d’une part le contexte d’apparition du web 2.0 et des bouleversements épistémologiques et discursifs qu’il a pu provoquer. Et d’autre part les spécificités linguistiques connues du discours apparaissant dans les environnements numériques. La deuxième partie, montre que l’avènement du web social a changé les choses dans les recherches sur le discours numérique, demandant une approche pluridisciplinaire. Cette réflexion nécessite de décentrer le regard des énoncés pour s’intéresser à leur environnement de production et aux affordances qu’il offre aux locuteurs. Ce nouveau positionnement épistémologique permet de repenser la description de Facebook, non plus comme une plateforme communicationnelle mais comme un environnement discursif complexe mettant en question les notions d’identité, d’intimité et de liens socio-affectifs. Enfin, la troisième et dernière partie de cette thèse, présente les problématiques liées à l’étude d’un cas concret d’écriture nativement numérique. La description et l’analyse des souhaits d’anniversaire sur Facebook et des outils méthodologiques et théoriques adaptés aux environnements numériques utilisés à cette fin. La description et l’analyse des souhaits d’anniversaire sur Facebook permettent de dégager deux aspects technolangagiers dans ce type de discours. Le premier est l’action environnementale sur la production langagière, c’est le cas notamment de la préconstruction technolangagière mais aussi de la prise en compte de l’exposition du message par les locuteurs (redéfinition du lien socio-affectif). Le second est l’intégration de la technologie à l’intérieur même des formes discursives, générant de nouveaux technogenres comme le discours par bouton ou des énoncés augmentés comme les hashtagsThis research provides a description of the digital discourse as it appears in the digital environment that is Facebook. It is based on the study of birthday wishes, showing how their final shape may be influenced by technological influence site. The first part provides an overview of developments in research on digital discourse, describing on one hand the context of emergence of Web 2.0 and discursive and epistemological changes that it has caused. And also known linguistic specificities of the speech appearing in digital environments. The second part shows that the advent of the social web has changed things in research on digital discourse, demanding a multidisciplinary approach. This reflection requires an interest in that production environment and affordances that provides speakers. This new epistemological positioning allows to rethink the description of Facebook, not as a communicative platform, but as a complex discursive environment by questioning the notions of identity, privacy and socio-emotional ties. The third and final part of this thesis presents the issues related to the study of a concrete case of natively digital writing. The description and analysis of birthday wishes on Facebook and methodological and theoretical tools adapted to digital environments used for this purpose. The description and analysis of birthday wishes on Facebook show two technolinguistic aspects in this type of discourse. The first is environmental action on language production, it is the case of technological preconstruction but also taking account of exposure of the message by the speakers (redefinition of socio-emotional bond). The second is the integration of technology within the same discursive forms, generating new technological genders as the discourse by button or statements increased as hashtags
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Morvan, Hugues. "L'Autriche vue à travers la "Relation de Voyage" de Friedrich Nicolai (1781-1785)." Metz, 1985. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1985/Morban.Hugues.LMZ8502.pdf.
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Bruguier, Nathalie. "D'une France l'autre : voyage et écriture à la Renaissance (1550-1598)." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=33273.
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Turks and Indians are the two major figures of the Other in French Renaissance literature. The purpose of this thesis is to explore otherness from a closer point of view by analysing the discursive allusions of the inhabitants of the South of the French Kingdom, particularly those of the "Province de Languedoc" throughout a collection of texts from the second half of the 16th century, whether they be strictly of a literary, historical or geographical source. Using the imagology method, the idea of the South being a key space in the emergence of the French identity is challenged.First of all, the South legislates as a land of industrious administrators. However, even if it shows a claim for independence---a secularly evidenced fact---it nevertheless remains subject to the French Crown. Southerners, with identical customs as those of the French, are already part of this political entity. Schismatic area par excellence that tears the State apart, shown by numerous Huguenot patches in the Languedoc region, it is about to embrace the faith of the Same. This tendency occurs together with the linguistic phenomenon: the use of the French language develops at the same time as the practice of Law. The various parameters that distinguish the Other from the Same tend to converge to make the Southerner a subject per se of the Kingdom of the Valois. Far from questioning the foundation of the modern French identity, the people of Languedoc and other Southerners, with a rich distinct set of customs, contribute to it in several ways.
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Smit, Susanna Elizabeth. "Die aanwending en integrasie van pikturale en geskrewe bronne vir 'n kultuurhistoriese evaluering van geselekteerde temas van die Wellington-omgewing, 1657-1900." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52190.
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Thesis (MA)-- Stellenbosch University, 2001.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In this study pictorial Africana are used to sketch a socio-historical image of certain aspects of Wellington (previously known as Waggonmakers Valley) during the period 1657 to 1900. Together with written sources such as letters, diaries and travel diaries, the pictorial sources (in this case paintings, pictures and maps) are considered primary sources. Although the inhabitants of Waggonmakers Valley and later Wellington clearly developed an own identity, Wellington cannot be viewed in isolation. The town and region are placed in the broader context of the Drakenstein Valley and the Western Cape. The establishment and development of the town are placed within the prevalent political and economic climate of that time. Historical highlights of the town's history are given in short. A list of artists, pictorial works and place of conservation where these pictorial works are being conserved was compiled. It was attempted to determine the artists' connection with the Drakenstein Valley, Waggonmakers Valley and Wellington in each discussion. In the discussion of the territory (bodem) the Waggonmakers Valley is placed in the context of the Drakenstein Valley. In this discussion the discovery and settlement of the valley are considered, as well as the naming of the Drakenstein Valley, Waggonmakers Valley and Wellington. The appearance of the valley, mountains, hills, as well as the vegetation, animal life and bird life are discussed. The influence of the Berg River and other rivers on the inhabitants' lives is included in the discussion, as well as relevant folk-tales and popular beliefs. Where applicable, various uses for plants (e.g. medicinal) in these people's daily lives are discussed. In the discussion of the church the following aspects are considered: the beginning of missionary work in the Waggonmakers Valley, the secession of the church and the subsequent establishment of Wellington, as well as some religious aspects such as the "Wederdoper" Sect and the big revival of 1860. Festivals, sports and recreation depict the social activities of the Wellington people up to the end of the nineteenth century. In the discussion of the architecture, aspects such as political, economic and social influences on building style as well as building materials and building methods were taken into account. To illustrate: the opening of the Wellington railway line and the opening of Bainskloof Pass influenced the architecture of the town and region. Influencing factors on the lay-out of the town as well as the meaning of BainskloofPass for Wellington were considered.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Pikturale Africana word in hierdie studie as 'n bron aangewend om 'n kultuurhistoriese beeld met betrekking tot sekere aspekte van Wellington, voorheen bekend as Wagenmakersvallei, gedurende die periode 1657 tot 1900, te skets. Die pikturale bronne is saam met die geskrewe bronne, wat briewe, dagboeke en reisjoernale insluit, as primere bronne beskou. Die pikturale bronne verwys in hierdie geval na skilderye, tekeninge, prente en kaarte. Alhoewel die inwoners van die Wagenmakersvallei en later Wellington duidelik 'n eie identiteit ontwikkel het, kan Wellington nie in isolasie gesien word nie. Die dorp en omgewing word binne die groter geheel van die Drakensteinvallei en Wes-Kaap geplaas. Die ontstaan en groei van die dorp is binne die heersende politieke en ekonomiese klimaat van die tyd geplaas. Historiese hoogtepunte in die dorp se geskiedenis is kortliks aangedui. 'n Lys van kunstenaars en pikturale werke, asook die plek van bewaring van hierdie pikturale bronne, is saamgestel. Daar is gepoog om die kunstenaars se verband met die Drakensteinvallei, Wagenmakersvallei en Wellington in elke bespreking vas te stel. In die bespreking van die bodem word die Wagenmakersvallei binne die konteks van die Drakensteinvallei geplaas. Daar word in die bespreking gekyk na die ontdekking en vestiging van die vallei, sowel as die naamgewing van die Drakensteinvallei, Wagenmakersvallei en Wellington. Die voorkoms van die vallei, berge, heuwels, sowel as die plantegroei, dier- en voellewe word bespreek. Die invloed van die Bergrivier en ander riviere op die lewens van die mense word in die bespreking ingesluit, sowel as relevante volksvertellings en volksgelowe. Die gebruik van plante vir medisinale en ander gebruike in die daaglikse lewe van die mense, is waar toepaslik bespreek. In die bespreking van die kerk is daar gekyk na die ontstaan van sendingwerk in die Wagenmakersvallei, die afstigting van die kerk, die gevolglike ontstaan van Wellington en enkele geestelike aspekte soos die Wederdopersekte en die groot herlewing van 1860. Feesvieringe, sport en ontspanning skets die sosiale bedrywighede van die Wellingtonners tot die einde van die negentiende eeu. Aspekte soos politieke, ekonomiese en maatskaplike invloede wat boustyle beinvloed het, sowel as boumateriaal en -metodes, is in ag geneem in die bespreking van die argitektuur. Ter illustrasie: die opening van die spoorlyn tot by Wellington en die opening van Bainskloofpas het 'n invloed gehad op die argitektuur van die dorp en omgewing. Daar is gekyk na faktore wat die dorpsuitleg beinvloed het, asook die betekenis van Bainskloofpas vir Wellington.
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RAKOTOARISEHENO, RAMISANDRAZA. "Le Sud de Madagascar à travers les sources européennes du 16e au 18e siècles." Paris 7, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA070023.
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Pour faire progresser l'historiographie malgache et les histoires de Madagascar, un bilan des sources européennes des 16e, 17e, 18e siecles, est nécessaire. On propose une lecture à deux niveaux. La reconstitution de l'histoire coloniale et l'étude des mentalités des voyageurs est une démarche préalable pour comprendre les témoignages. Par la suite, en dépassant ces thèmes, on utilise les descriptions tout en les confrontant aux traditions orales pour mieux connaitre les problèmes d'une région et les réalites des royaumes. Ce bilan nous livre un inventaire des sources, une histoire coloniale vue du côté des Malgaches, les maladies, les ressources, le réseau urbain, le commerce, l'agriculture, l'élevage de l'époque, les développements des états et les problemes des dynastiesFor progressing the malagasy's historiography and the histories of Madagascar, a balance sheet of europeans sources and archives is necessary. We propose two levels of lecture. The reconstitution of colonial history and the study of travellers's mentalities is a preliminary process for understanding the testimonies. After this process, we use the descriptions for advancing acquaintances of the south of Madagascar and the realities of malagasy kingdoms. This balance sheet inform us a inventory of sources, a colonial history through the views of Malagasy, the illness, the ressources, the network of cities, the trade, the agriculture, the breeding of this epoch, the development of states and the problems of the dynasties
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Becker, Anne Lynn. "The layout of the land : the Canadian Pacific Railway's photographic advertising and the travels of Frank Randall Clarke, 1920-1929." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=83171.
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This thesis examines the role of photography in making the Canadian Pacific Railway company (CPR) an integral part of Canadian mythology. It focuses on the company's photographic advertising in the 1920s, and the ways in which its increasingly nationalistic transcontinental brochures framed the country, and equated the act of travelling with nation-building and national identity.The CPR's tourist brochures established a visual vocabulary of the travelling experience, which was readily employed by individuals such as Montreal journalist Frank Randall Clarke. Clarke was sponsored by the CPR to travel across the country in the summer of 1929. His journalistic writing and personal photograph album allow for a rich analysis of the visual culture of the period, and they will be used to illustrate the ways in which the CPR represented Canadian progress, immigration, and tourism.
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Dathan, Patricia Wendy. "The reindeer years : contribution of A. Erling Porsild to the continental northwest, 1926-1935." Thesis, McGill University, 1988. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61692.
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Schulenburg, Alexander Hugo. "Transient observations : the textualizing of St Helena through five hundred years of colonial discourse." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/3419.
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This thesis explores the textualizing of the South Atlantic island of St Helena (a British Overseas Territory) through an analysis of the relationship between colonizing practices and the changing representations of the island and its inhabitants in a range of colonial 'texts', including historiography, travel writing, government papers, creative writing, and the fine arts. Part I situates this thesis within a critical engagement with post-colonial theory and colonial discourse analysis primarily, as well as with the recent 'linguistic turn' in anthropology and history. In place of post-colonialism's rather monolithic approach to colonial experiences, I argue for a localised approach to colonisation, which takes greater account of colonial praxis and of the continuous re-negotiation and re-constitution of particular colonial situations. Part II focuses on a number of literary issues by reviewing St Helena's historiography and literature, and by investigating the range of narrative tropes employed (largely by travellers) in the textualizing of St Helena, in particular with respect to recurrent imaginings of the island in terms of an earthly Eden. Part III examines the nature of colonial 'possession' by tracing the island's gradual appropriation by the Portuguese, Dutch and English in the sixteenth and early seventeenth century and the settlement policies pursued by the English East India Company in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth century. Part IV provides an account of the changing perceptions, by visitors and colonial officials alike, of the character of the island's inhabitants (from the late eighteenth to the early twentieth century) and assesses the influence that these perceptions have had on the administration of the island and the political status of its inhabitants (in the mid- to late twentieth century). Part V, the conclusion, reviews the principal arguments of my thesis by addressing the political implications of post-colonial theory and of my own research, while also indicating avenues for further research. A localised and detailed exploration of colonial discourse over a period of nearly five hundred years, and a close analysis of a consequently wide range of colonial 'texts', has confirmed that although colonising practices and representations are far from monolithic, in the case of St Helena their continuities are of as much significance as their discontinuities.
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Farnsworth, John Seibert. "Coves of departure : field notes from the Sea of Cortez." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/21811.
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Coves of Departure: Field Notes from the Sea of Cortez is a literary natural history presented in mixed forms of nature memoir, personal essay and redacted field notes. Intended as narrative nonfiction for general readership, it focusses on the natural history of Mexico’s Baja California peninsula, attending especially to the littoral zone of the Sea of Cortez. Numbered chapters narrate several sea kayak expeditions led by the author to the Isla Espiritu Santo archipelago of Baja California Sur. Chapters chronicling discrete expeditions are sectioned off by two long interludes that describe natural history explorations in the northern state, Baja California. The title essay, which transitions between the second interlude and the final chapter, investigates natural history from the perspective of material ecocriticism,.
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Kim, Sun-Kyung. "Représentation linguistique du fonctionnement de la négation à travers la description de l'opération de la négation en français et en coréen contemporains." Paris, EHESS, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992EHES0305.
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Notre reflexion sur le fonctionnement de la negation est partie d'une question de savoir s'il existe sous la diversite des formes et structures negatives et sous la multiplicite des valeurs qui s'expriment a travers elles, une operation unique de negation. Il nous est paru necessaire, au lieu d'appliquer une seule theorie au fonctionnement de la negation en coreen, d'etudier prealablement les differentes problematiques de la negation (premiere partie). Apres avoir eclaire l'approche generale, nous avons envisage le fonctionnement de la negation en coreen, en le comparant a celui du francais ou en anglais et en examinant la validite des propositions existantes dans leur application au coreen (deuxieme partie). La complexite et la multiplicite formelles et fonctionnelles de la negation, plus cruciales en coreen qu'en francais dans la mesure ou le coreen possede a part les deux marqueurs de negation de type general, des marqueurs specifiques relatifs aux termes nies, pouvaient etre degagees par une approche qui veut rejeter les traditionnelles dichotomies au profit d'une etude plus dialectique des relations entre synchronie et diachronie, d'une part, et entre lexique, morphologie, syntaxe, semantique et pragmatique d'autre partThe reflexion on the operation of nagation is started from the question to know whether there is one operation of negation through the formal diversity and the multiplicity of meanings of negation. It was necessary, instead of applicating one theory to the operation of negation in korean, to study previously the different problematic points of negation (first part). After have established the general approach, we envisaged the operation of negation in korean, in comparing it to those in french and in english, and also in examinating the validity of the existing theories in their application to korean (second part). The formal and functional complexity and multiplicity of negation, more crucial in korean than french as the korean has two general negative markers and some special negative markers, were cleared by the approach who want to reject the traditional dichotomy for more dialectic work of the relations between synchrony and diachrony and also between lexicon, morphology, syntax, semantics and pragmatics
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Gebara, Alexsander Lemos de Almeida. "A experiência do contato. As descrições populacionais de Richard Francis Burton." Universidade de São Paulo, 2001. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8138/tde-29012002-121439/.
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Esta dissertação analisa as descrições populacionais escritas por Richard Francis Burton entre os anos de 1849 e 1869, publicadas em seus relatos de viagem sobre as regiões da Índia, Península Arábica, África Oriental, Central e Ocidental, e Brasil (viagens realizadas entre 1847 e 1867). O objetivo deste trabalho é notar as transformações nestas descrições e relacioná-las ao lugar de autoridade, à experiência da viagem e à alguns conceitos oriundos da etnologia e antropologia inglesa por volta deste período. A hipótese é que estes elementos interagem na construção do texto do autor e que a compreensão do conteúdo destas descrições torna-se bastante mais efetiva quando se considera esta interação. As posições ambíguas de Burton em especial quanto aos debates entre opções teóricas monogênicas e poligênicas tornam-se mais compreensíveis a partir do ponto de vista que analisa suas descrições através da observação destes três elementos.This dissertation analyses the populational descriptions written by Richard Francis Burton between 1849 and 1869, published in his books of travel above the regions of India, Arabic Peninsula, East, Central and West Africa, and Brazil (travels achieved between 1847-1867). The aim of this work is to note the transformations in these descriptions and connect them with the authority position, the experience of each travel, and the production of British ethnology and anthropology around those years. The hypothesis is that these elements interact in the construction of the authors writings, and that the understanding of these descriptions contents become much more effective when this interaction is considered. Burtons ambiguous positions, specially on the debates between monogenic and poligenic theoretic options, become more understandable when observed by the point of view which analyses his descriptions throughout the observation of these three elements.
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Bazzocchi, Karl. "A westerner's journey in Japan : an analysis of Edward S. Morse's Japan day by day." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=101875.
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Japan Day by Day---the Western Zoologist Edward S. Morse's account of his stay in Japan from 1877 to 1883---is analyzed by first comparing it to other contemporary travelogues written by western travelers to Japan, and then by viewing it through a more theoretical framework, including Edward Said's theory on post-colonialism and Michel Foucault's theory of discourse and body experiences. Viewed through this framework, the goal of analysis is not to test the validity of Morse's writings, but to explore the formation of his interpretation of his experience in Japan.
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Faulhaber, Felix. "Decision-making factors of German tourists travelling to South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/983.
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Thesis (MBA (Business Management))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The purpose of this report is to provide detailed insights into the marketing of services, specifically in the airline and travel agency industries. Therefore, the report firstly presents the existing literature, narrowing down the view from the traditional marketing approach with the 4P to the 7P approach for service marketing. As a final step, the few sources on airline and travel agency marketing are evaluated to identify gaps in the current research. Following this overview, the report explains the current situation within the airline and travel agency industries. The players in these markets currently face significant challenges, namely the competitive structure, changing booking behaviours, increasing competition of low-cost airlines, the rise of oil prices, increasing activities for environmental protection, structural problems of the major aircraft manufacturers, the open skies agreement between Europe and the US, and the current economic crisis. In order to successfully compete in this challenging environment, airlines as well as travel agencies need to understand the needs and preferences of their potential customers very clearly. Consequently, the researcher conducted a survey amongst passengers from Germany to South Africa in order to gain information on these preferences. This questionnaire aims to clearly identify the major decision-making factors of the passengers when choosing an airline or booking channel. Knowledge regarding these decision-making factors enables companies to design their offering in a way that the needs and preferences of passengers are optimally met, while the airline or travel agency can still operate profitably. The survey was posted online and 185 respondents across all age groups participated. The main insights of the results are that the price clearly is the dominant decision-making factor for both the choice of the airline and the choice of the booking channel. Furthermore, several hypotheses, which could be extracted from the literature, are tested. It is found that for travel agencies, the consulting services do not have any significant impact on the decision of the passengers. Their perceived competency, however, does play a reasonably important role and is consequently a factor that needs to be considered by travel agencies when designing the offer. For airlines, the flight schedule clearly constitutes the second most important factor. While the brand is at least considered fairly important, frequent flyer programmes, as well as the membership in an alliance, are not considered to be important at all for the decision of the airline. The report nevertheless explains why the membership in an alliance does, in reality, have significant positive effects on the performance of an airline, specifically through the positive impact on operating cost and improvements in the flight schedule. As a final step, the results are compared to a similar survey conducted by Wise Research Ltd. (2008: 3) and Lufthansa (Euler, 2005: 8). It is found that there are only slight variances between the results. A possible explanation for the variances could be that the economic environment has changed. Also cultural differences and differences between short- and long-haul flights are considered.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie verslag het die verskaffing van gedetailleerde insig in die bemarking van dienste ten doel, spesifiek in die lugredery- en reisagentskapbedrywe. Daarom bied die verslag eerstens die bestaande literatuur aan, terwyl die beskouing van die tradisionele bemarkingsbenadering met die 4P- tot die 7P-benadering vir diensbemarking vernou word. Laastens word die enkele bronne wat lugredery- en reisagentskapbemarking behandel, geëvalueer om leemtes in die bestaande literatuur te identifiseer. Na hierdie oorsig, verduidelik die verslag die huidige situasie in die lugredery- en reisagentskapbedrywe. Die rolspelers in hierdie markte kom voor beduidende uitdagings te staan, naamlik veranderende besprekingsgedrag, toenemende mededinging van laekoste-lugrederye, stygende oliepryse, toenemende optrede vir omgewingsbeskerming, strukturele probleme van die vername vliegtuigvervaardigers, die Oop Lugruimooreenkoms (Engels: Open Skies agreement) tussen Europa en die VSA, en die huidige ekonomiese krisis. Om suksesvol in hierdie uitdagende milieu mee te ding, moet lugrederye en reisagentskappe die behoeftes en voorkeure van hul moontlike kliënte baie duidelik begryp. Gevolglik het die navorser ʼn opname gemaak onder passasiers onderweg van Duitsland na Suid-Afrika om inligting omtrent hierdie voorkeure in te samel. Hierdie vraelys het beoog om die vername besluitnemingsfaktore van passasiers te identifiseer wanneer hulle ʼn lugredery of besprekingskanaal kies. Kennis omtrent hierdie besluitnemingsfaktore stel maatskappye in staat om hul aanbieding so te ontwerp dat die behoeftes en voorkeure van passasiers optimaal nagekom word, terwyl die lugredery of reisagentskap steeds winsgewend bedryf kan word. Die opname is aanlyn geplaas en 185 mense vanuit alle ouderdomsgroepe het deelgeneem. Die hoofinsigte van die resultate is dat prys duidelik die oorheersende besluitnemingsfaktor in beide die keuse van lugredery én die keuse van besprekingskanaal is. Verder is verskeie hipoteses wat vanuit die literatuur onttrek kon word, getoets. Vir reisagentskappe word daar bevind dat die konsultasiedienste geen beduidende invloed op die besluitneming van passasiers het nie. Daarteenoor speel hul vermeende bekwaamheid ʼn redelik belangrike rol en is gevolglik ʼn faktor wat deur reisagentskappe oorweeg moet word wanneer die aanbieding ontwerp word. Vir lugrederye is die vlugskedule duidelik die tweede belangrikste faktor. Terwyl die handelsmerk as minstens redelik belangrik beskou word, word gereëlde vlieërprogramme, asook die lidmaatskap van ʼn assosiasie, glad nie as belangrik beskou vir die keuse van lugredery nie. Die verslag verduidelik hoekom die lidmaatskap van ʼn assosiasie nieteenstaande in werklikheid beduidende voordelige invloede op die prestasie van ʼn lugredery het, spesifiek deur die voordelige invloed op bedryfskostes en verbeterings aan die vlugskedule. In ʼn finale stap word die resultate vergelyk met dié van ʼn soortgelyke opnames gemaak deur Wise Research Ltd. (2008: 3) en Lufthansa (Euler, 2005: 8). Daar word bevind dat daar slegs klein verskille in die bevindinge voorkom. ʼn Moontlike verduideliking van die verskille is dat die ekonomiese milieu verander het. Kulturele verskille tussen kort en lang afstand vlugte word ook oorweeg.
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Schleif, Carolyn. "Oldfields : an historic structures report." Virtual Press, 1989. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/563163.
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The purpose of this master's thesis was to prepare anhistoric structures report on Oldfields, the former estate of Mr. Hugh McKennan Landon,and Mr. Josiah Kirby Lilly, Jr. It included some of the surrounding areas known as the Town of Woodstock and an area of land in the flood plains below the estate. Construction of the estate began in 1908 and was completed three years later. Of particular note was the historic landscape which was designed between 1920 and 1926 by Percival Gallagher of Olmsted Brothers, a firm in Brookline, Massachusetts. The estate has undergone limited change and has never been fully documented. Both the landscape and the home are eligible for inclusion on the National Register for their historic and architectural significance. To qualify for the Register, the site or building must be designed by a master, be an example of a unique method of construction, be associated with historically significant people, or be an excellent example of a type of design. Although only one of the above qualifications is necessary for National Register nomination, this estate met all four qualifications. Clearly, scholarly historical documentation of the site and building was in order. The timely need for such work was great, since few of the original family members were still alive, and rumors pertaining to the home and family were were being taken as fact.Department of Architecture
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Rantsoudis, Christos. "Bases de connaissance et actions de mise à jour préférées : à la recherche de consistance au travers des programmes de la logique dynamique." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30286.
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Dans la littérature sur les bases de données, il a été proposé d'utiliser des contraintes d'intégrité actives afin de restaurer l'intégrité de la base. Ces contraintes d'intégrité actives consistent en une contrainte classique augmentée d'un ensemble d'actions de mise à jour préférées qui peuvent être déclenchées quand la contrainte est violée. Dans la première partie de cette thèse, nous passons en revue les principales stratégies de réparation qui ont été proposées dans la littérature et proposons une formalisation par des programmes de la Logique Dynamique. L'outil principal que nous employons dans notre recherche est la logique DL-PA, une variante de PDL récemment introduite. Nous explorons ensuite une nouvelle façon dynamique de réparer les bases de données et comparons sa complexité calculatoire et ses propriétés générales aux approches classiques. Dans la seconde partie de la thèse nous abandonnons le cadre propositionnel et adaptons les idées susmentionnées à des langages d'un niveau supérieur. Plus précisément, nous nous intéressons aux Logiques de Description, et étudions des extensions des axiomes d'une TBox par des actions de mise à jour donnant les manières préférées par lesquelles une ABox doit être réparée dans le cas d'une inconsistance avec les axiomes de la TBox. L'extension des axiomes d'une TBox avec de telles actions de mise à jour constitue une nouvelle TBox, qui est active. Nous nous intéressons à la manière de réparer une ABox en rapport avec une telle TBox active, du point de vue syntaxique ainsi que du point de vue sémantique. Étant donnée une ABox initiale, l'approche syntaxique nous permet de construire un nouvel ensemble d'ABox dans lequel nous identifions les réparations les mieux adaptées. D'autre part, pour l'approche sémantique, nous faisons de nouveau appel au cadre de la logique dynamique et considérons les actions de mise à jour, les axiomes d'inclusion actives et les réparations comme des programmes. Étant donné une TBox active aT , ce cadre nous permet de vérifier (1) si un ensemble d'actions de mise à jour est capable de réparer une ABox en accord avec les axiomes actifs d'aT en effectuant une interprétation locale des actions de mise à jour et (2) si une ABox A' est la réparation d'une ABox donnée A sous les axiomes actifs d'aT moyennant un nombre borné de calculs, en utilisant une interprétation globale des actions de mise à jour. Après une discussion des avantages de chaque approche nous concluons en proposant une intégration des approches syntaxiques et sémantiques dans une approche cohésiveIn the database literature it has been proposed to resort to active integrity constraints in order to restore database integrity. Such active integrity constraints consist of a classical constraint together with a set of preferred update actions that can be triggered when the constraint is violated. In the first part of this thesis, we review the main repairing routes that have been proposed in the literature and capture them by means of Dynamic Logic programs. The main tool we employ for our investigations is the recently introduced logic DL-PA, which constitutes a variant of PDL. We then go on to explore a new, dynamic kind of database repairing whose computational complexity and general properties are compared to the previous established approaches. In the second part of the thesis we leave the propositional setting and pursue to adapt the aforementioned ideas to higher level languages. More specifically, we venture into Description Logics and investigate extensions of TBox axioms by update actions that denote the preferred ways an ABox should be repaired in case of inconsistency with the axioms of the TBox. The extension of the TBox axioms with these update actions constitute new, active TBoxes. We tackle the problem of repairing an ABox with respect to such an active TBox both from a syntactic as well as a semantic perspective. Given an initial ABox, the syntactic approach allows us to construct a set of new ABoxes out of which we then identify the most suitable repairs. On the other hand, for the semantic approach we once again resort to a dynamic logic framework and view update actions, active inclusion axioms and repairs as programs. Given an active TBox aT , the framework allows to check (1) whether a set of update actions is able to repair an ABox according to the active axioms of aT by interpreting the update actions locally and (2) whether an ABox A' is the repair of a given ABox A under the active axioms of aT using a bounded number of computations by interpreting the update actions globally. After discussing the strong points of each direction, we conclude by combining the syntactic and semantic investigations into a cohesive approach
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Boudebia-Baala, Afaf. "L'impact des contextes sociolinguistique et scolaire sur l'enseignement/apprentissage du français dans le Souf à travers l'analyse des représentations comme outil de description." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00942722.
Full textAbstract:
Prenant pour ancrage la sociolinguistique et la didactique, notre étude porte sur un contexte d'enseignement/ apprentissage du français situé dans le Sud-est algérien : le Souf. La spécificité de ce contexte a été étudiée suivant deux axes différents mais complémentaires : l'environnement sociolinguistique et le cadre institutionnel. Ces deux axes ont été définis à partir de l'analyse thématique de données déclaratives recueillies auprès d'un public d'enseignants et d'apprenants. Dans l'objectif de croiser les regards enseignants/ apprenants, nous avons opté pour une triangulation des données recueilles à l'aide de plusieurs outils : questionnaires, entretiens, tests de mots associés et expressions écrites. La thèse emprunte une démarche à la fois qualitative et quantitative. Notre but est de déterminer l'impact des contextes sociolinguistique et scolaire sur l'enseignement/ apprentissage du français dans le Souf en utilisant les représentations comme outils de description. Les résultats obtenus indiquent que plusieurs paramètres produisent une influence négative sur l'enseignement/ apprentissage du français. Les plus importants sont : l'absence des pratiques langagières en français, les attitudes linguistiques, le milieu social, les représentations des langues, l'inadaptation des programmes, le volume horaire réduit, la place peu importante accordée au français dans le système éducatif et le recrutement d'enseignants non qualifiés. Certaines de nos conclusions pourront être utilisées dans une perspective de contextualisation des programmes, d'action sur les représentations des langues chez les apprenants et de formation continue des enseignants