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Journal articles on the topic 'Description of measuring equipment'
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1
Boiten, E. H. "WAVE HEIGHT MEASURING EQUIPMENT." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 7 (January 29, 2011): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v7.7.
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The equipment was designed to obtain data from sea waves. It was developed by the Organization for Applied Scientific Research at Delft in coordination with the Royal Dutch Navy. The intention of the measurements with the wave height measuring equipment was to establish a correlation between the sea motion and the movements of a ship, which is steaming in that sea. So wave measurements and measurements of the ship movements were always carried out simultaneously. To have the movement of the ship free from the position of the wave meter, a telemetering system was chosen to transmit the data from the wave meter. The receiving and recording instruments are placed on board the ship.
The first measurement was made in December 1958. At that moment, the wave meter consisted of a buoy assembly in which was mounted a transmitter coupled with an accelerometer. The accelerometer measured the accelerations of the wave meter in a direction perpendicular to the water surface. The carrier of the transmitter was direct frequency modulated by the signal of the accelerometer. After this measurement it became desirable to gather more data from the sea waves. For that reason the instrumentation of the wave meter was extended with a gyro, which measures the slope of the waves. The slope is determined by the angles of the water surface with respect to the horizontal plane in two directions perpendicular to each other. The angle signals frequency-modulate two subcarriers, which in their turn amplitude-modulated the transmitter carrier . With this more complicated equipment a measurement was made in November 1959. In this paper a description is given of the instrumentation of the wave meter and the receiving and recording equipment as it is at the present with a slightly changed modulating system. As the data from the wave meter could be used to study only the wave motion apart from the ship, it seems reasonable to present this paper at this conference.
2
Fain, W. Bradley, and Dennis J. Folds. "An Approach to Measuring Accessibility of Office Automation Equipment." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 46, no. 24 (September 2002): 1982–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120204602410.
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An accessibility evaluation methodology was developed to support the assessment of electronic and information technology devices. The issues and concerns that were noted during the application of this methodology to the assessment of office automation equipment are discussed. A detailed description of the accessibility evaluation methodology can be obtained at http://hseb.gtri.gatech.edu .
3
Belousov, Roman, Eugene Fiskin, and Margarita Fiskina. "Integrated Systems for Commercial and Technological Control of Energy Resources Consumption in Urban Areas and Businesses in Russia." E3S Web of Conferences 39 (2018): 04004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20183904004.
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The article contains a brief description of the operation principles information and measuring system (IMS) called “Kumir-Resource”. It is compatible with different manufactures’ equipment, so it can create a network using equipment that is already in place, which is versatile. It can also network with the existing SCADA systems to provide them with necessary information.
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Pavlova, P. L., P. M. Kondrashov, and O. A. Tronin. "DEVELOPMENT AND TEST OF THE EQUIPMENT COMPLEX FOR MEASURING THE FLUID TEMPERATURE AND FLOW RATE." Oil and Gas Studies, no. 5 (November 1, 2016): 98–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.31660/0445-0108-2016-5-98-100.
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In the article a description of the developed complex of equipment for measuring the temperature and flow rate of liquid used for testing the laboratory pattern of the borehole thermoelectric device is presented. The equipment complex consists of thermal meters, that register the temperature of working liquid and the surface of the laboratory pattern of the ultrasonic flow meter. «Dnepr’7» and the software. This complex can be used for laboratory studies where there is a need in measuring the temperature and flow rate of liquid separately or simultaneously.
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Bazrov, B. M., and M. L. Kheifetz. "Improvement bases of the theory basing with account for the development of traditional and additive technologies." Doklady of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus 64, no. 5 (November 5, 2020): 617–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/1561-8323-2020-64-5-617-623.
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It is proposed that the design and production of individual elements of parts and products as a whole be carried out from the standpoint of operation and monitoring of its condition, both in traditional and additive manufacturing using the modular principle in engineering and technology. The way of unification of design decisions for the design of the product, equipment and technological and metrological equipment during its manufacture is discussed, to ensure, regardless of the type of production (single, serial, mass), the transition from standard and group to modular technologies. The basics of basing theory are updated taking into account the revision of the existing description from theoretical mechanics by means of the position of three coordinate points; to go to a new description from the theory of machines and mechanisms by depriving a subject of basing degrees of freedom (mobility) in a technical system (design, technological, measuring). It is shown how the design of the technology for manufacturing the product and measuring its characteristics is carried out in a system that includes equipment and equipment as mechanisms, the closing link of which are basing objects.
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Bibik, Vladislav L. "Forecasting of Hard-Alloyed Cutting Tool Resistance Based on Thermal Diffusivity." Materials Science Forum 762 (July 2013): 777–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.762.777.
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The paper contains the description of a method, equipment and results for predicting the wear resistance of cemented carbide cutting inserts by measuring their thermal diffusivity. Strong correlation between wear resistance and thermal diffusivity was found. This presented method has been patented.
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Matveev, V. I. "PRECISE MEASUREMENTS – THE BASIS OF QUALITY AND SAFETY 2019." Kontrol'. Diagnostika, no. 254 (2019): 4–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.14489/td.2019.08.pp.004-011.
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This is description of the events and equipment presented at the 15-th Moscow international innovation forum “PRECISE MEASUREMENTS – the BASIS of QUALITY and SAFETY”, held may 15 – 17 at VDNH in Moscow. Within the framework of the forum, specialized exhibitions of measuring instruments, testing equipment and metrological support, non-destructive testing and diagnostics, energy resources and laboratory equipment were held. Regional Centers of Standardization and Metrology of the country participated in the forum. More than 200 companies from 12 countries of the world presented their stands at the exhibition. The main purpose of the forum is to discuss ways of solving the main tasks of ensuring accuracy, quality and safety through the use of modern devices, technologies and standards with the participation of state regulatory bodies and state-owned companies by manufacturers and consumers of measuring instruments.
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Nowakowski, Mirosław. "Measuring and Recording Systems Used in Flight Tests of Aircraft." Solid State Phenomena 180 (November 2011): 222–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.180.222.
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Flight tests and measurements are usually performed for newly built or modernised aircraft utilised by the Polish Armed Forces. In the course of flight tests the airborne equipment is also investigated. The main goal of the performed tests is to verify tactical performance and to identify technical parameters of aircraft and/or equipment under examination. The airborne experimental data is also applied to the aircraft flight dynamics modelling, subsequently used for the design and construction of a flight simulator. The equipment is usually arranged of the following components: ̶ sensors/measuring devices capable of converting physical parameters into optical, mechanical, or electrical signals (indicators, transmitters, sensors, transducers); ̶ conditioning systems - intermediary devices used to amplify and/or adjust any signal gained to some required value or form; ̶ recording and storing devices (data recorders, cameras, etc.); ̶ devices applied to the decoding and processing of the acquired data (decoders, computers). Some selected problems of aircraft flight tests will be discussed in the paper. A brief description of the applied experimental apparatus will be provided first. Next, the attention will be focused on the experimentally gathered data utilised in the identification of aircraft flight dynamics characteristics and on the data applied to the evaluation of selected design parameters.
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Горобец, Игорь, Igor Gorobets, Александр Михайлов, Alexander Mikhailov, Николай Голубов, and Nikolay Golubov. "Quality increase in stone blank grinding." Science intensive technologies in mechanical engineering 2, no. 5 (May 15, 2017): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_591947e1e95774.02124789.
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The problems of planning and experiment setting, measuring equipment, tools and equipment used are described. There are shown results of experimental investigations of granite grinding process. A simulator for the assessment of the topography of a surface worked in a blank is developed. A method of technological impact at processing a blank by grinding and a design of an adaptive device are offered. The 3D model of an adaptive device for the flat grinding of a surface in a stone blank is developed. The description of the device components and its operation principles are shown.
10
Markovic, Dragan, Dragan Markovic, and Desanka Sulic. "The role and importance of ozone for atmospheric chemistry and methods for measuring its concentration." Chemical Industry 57, no. 4 (2003): 165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind0304165m.
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Depending on where ozone resides, it can protect or harm life on Earth. The thin layer of ozone that surrounds Earth acts as a shield protecting the planet from irradiation by UV light. When it is close to the planet's surface, ozone is a powerful photochemical oxidant that damage, icons frescos, museum exhibits, rubber, plastic and all plant and animal life. Besides the basic properties of some methods for determining the ozone concentration in working and living conditions, this paper presents a detailed description of the electrochemical method. The basic properties of the electrochemical method are used in the construction of mobile equipment for determining the sum of oxidants in the atmosphere. The equipment was used for testing the determination of the ozone concentration in working rooms, where the concentration was at a high level and caused by UV radiation or electrostatic discharge. According to the obtained results, it can be concluded that this equipment for determining the ozone concentration in the atmosphere is very powerful and reproducible in measurements.
11
Kučera, Ľuboš, Branislav Patin, Tomáš Gajdošík, Rudolf Palenčár, Jakub Palenčár, and Miloš Ujlaky. "Application of Metrological Approaches in the Design of Calibration Equipment for Verification of Float Level Gauges." Measurement Science Review 20, no. 5 (October 1, 2020): 230–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/msr-2020-0028.
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AbstractThe paper deals with a scientific approach for an increase of accuracy of measurement and possibilities for automation of the standard equipment for calibration and verification of float level gauges. They are applied in high-capacity fuel storage tanks, and they are intended to measure the level of stored liquid hydrocarbons. In the submitted paper, we describe original approaches towards metrological control of float level gauges. Firstly, we present and describe the current ways of control by means of the standard equipment of the first generation with a precision caliper and manual measuring wire with the application of modern scientific and developing processes. A new system, whose design is based on research and development, represents a fully automated measuring system which utilizes the incremental optical encoder with a precision graduated ring and a rewind pulley. The paper deals with the issue of a design of the standard equipment and its measurement system from the standpoint of metrology and construction. Based on scientific procedures, we solve reasons of errors in measurement and their reduction on concrete components of the measurement system. The result is that, following the scientific approach and mathematical description of the determination of measurement uncertainties, constructors are able to design suitable tolerances for the production of components of measuring devices and related materials and technologies.
12
Brestovič, Tomáš, Natália Jasminská, Marián Lázár, Ľubica Bednárová, and Romana Dobáková. "MEASUREMENT OF THE ABSORPTION-BASED HYDROGEN STORAGE CAPACITY OF Ti0.95Zr0.05Cr0.8Mn0.8V0.2Ni0.2 ALLOY." Acta Metallurgica Slovaca 26, no. 2 (June 4, 2020): 63–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.36547/ams.26.2.533.
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The article describes potential application of the BCC alloy Ti0.95Zr0.05Cr0.8Mn0.8V0.2Ni0.2 in the hydrogen absorption process. It deals with the measurements of the PCI (Pressure Concentration Isotherm) characteristics applying the volumetric method. With regard to the fact that it is an indirect measurement method, the thermodynamic description was analysed in details and subsequently used to identify the weight capacity of the stored hydrogen. The article presents a detailed description of the procedure for measuring the free volume of the measuring equipment using helium which is able to penetrate into pores and apertures with the size of only a few nanometres but does not participate in the absorption into the intermetallic structure of the alloy. The hydrogen absorption into the tested alloy was initiated by repeatedly performed activation of the alloy surface. The final section of the article presents the examination of the cyclic stability of the absorption-desorption cycle within the repeated monitoring of the maximum weight capacity of the stored hydrogen.
13
Burov, Leonid I., Alexander S. Gorbatsevich, and Pavel M. Labatsevich. "The modular equipment for training based on the semiconductor lasers." Journal of the Belarusian State University. Physics, no. 2 (June 7, 2020): 86–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.33581/2520-2243-2020-2-86-90.
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The description is given of the study and research a modular-type training complex for studying the radiation of semiconductor lasers generated in the region of 400 – 950 nm. Structurally, the complex consists of emitter modules (there are 8 of them in the presented set, but in principle their number is not limited by anything), power and control modules, registration modules, and some additional measuring equipment to provide research on the energy, spectral, spatial, polarization and dynamic characteristics of the output radiation. The modular structure provides high variability of the complex and allows you to implement (in the presented version) more than 40 laboratory works, and also allows students to get skills in working with modern equipment and different data processing methods. This complex is focused on educational activities, but on its basis it is possible to carry out research work up to the second stage of higher education. A number of laboratory works based on the use of the complex have been tested at the department of laser physics and spectroscopy of the physics faculty of the Belarusian State University.
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Polivyanchuk, A., M. Smirny, O. Kaslin, O. Skuridina, Y. Kovalenko, and V. Beketov. "CREATION AND EXPERIMENTAL TESTING UNIVERSAL SYSTEM OF ENVIRONMENTAL DIAGNOSTICS HEAT ENGINES AND BOILER INSTALLATIONS." Municipal economy of cities 3, no. 149 (July 2, 2019): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2019-3-149-77-82.
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A description is given of an experimental sample of a universal system for the environmental diagnosis of heat engines and boiler installations, which was developed at the Department of Environmental Engineering of the O.M. Beketov National University of Urban Economy in Kharkiv. The properties of this system are: multi-functionality, compactness, mobility, ease of operation, a high degree of automation, informative results, ability to solve both research and training tasks. The structure, composition and functionality of the main modules of this system are considered: 1) measuring, which contains microtunnels МКТ-2, instruments and equipment for direct determination of indicators of chemical and physical pollution of the environment; 2) testing and demonstration, which consists of: installations for research of aerodynamic processes in exhaust systems of engines and boiler chimneys, laboratory transformer rack for mounting various test benches, a multimedia complex equipped with a tablet PC and an SMART information panel with a diameter of 43 " to demonstrate the operation of devices, equipment, programs, research results, etc.; 3) laboratory, which contains laboratory devices, equipment and consumables for the analysis of samples taken during environmental studies of natural objects. Normalized methods and techniques that allow to determine indicators characterizing chemical and physical pollution of the environment by heat engines and boiler installations are defined and systematized. Experimental testing of the created measuring system on full-scale objects: a gasoline engine of a passenger car - VAZ-21081 and automotive diesel engines - 4ЧН12 / 14, boilers with gas - DKVR-20/13 AOGV-100E and solid-fuel - КЧМ-2М-4 boilers. Tests confirmed the practical suitability of the measuring system.
15
Blinov, Vitalii L., Oleg V. Komarov, and Egor A. Zaslavskiy. "Estimation of the driven gas turbine unit technical performance using the standard measuring systems." E3S Web of Conferences 178 (2020): 01044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017801044.
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In large pipeline gas transport systems the operation and maintenance of gas pumping units are carried according to the current number of equivalent working hours of centrifugal gas compressors and gas turbines. Modern terms of lean production require the maintenance procedure to be done according to the current technical performance of equipment. The paper presents a designed and verified methodology of technical performance estimation of gas turbine units using the standard measuring systems. This method includes a verified high-order mathematical model based on the gas dynamic function for the precise analytical description of turbomachinery aerodynamics. The models are defined for different types of multi-shaft gas turbines. In this article the results of technical performance estimation of different gas turbine units are discussed.
16
Ignatkin, V. "Features of Dynamic Error Analysis in the Process of Evaluation of Metrological Reliability of Measuring Equipment." Metrology and instruments, no. 2 (May 3, 2019): 36–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.33955/2307-2180(2)2019.36-42.
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The article discusses metrological reliability of measuring equipment (ME), argues that ME imprecision must be considered not in statics, 'out in dynamics, taking into account the change of its characteristics over time. Measurement imprecision and its components are considered as random processes that are fully characterized by multidimensional distribution. It is advisable to determine the probability of metrological measurements directly from the experiment due to the difficulties of analytical solution to the problem. The characteristics of dynamic imprecision depend on both the values of the measured object and the ME properties. The physical cause of dynamic imprecision taking place is inertia of ME, its exhaustive description relies on the use of Duamel integral, which determines the response of inertial link to the input influence. As a criterion for signal differences one can use quite different functionals, taking into account further use of measurement results, the convenience of computing, the properties or input influences, and so on. It is most expedient to use the dispersion of signal differences. To calculate the parameters of dynamic imprecision it is necessary to know the energy spectrum of the input signal. The given ratios can be used for both stationary and non-stationary processes.
The paper provides examples of using these ratios, recommendations for reducing measurement errors in each particular case.
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Gelman, R. N., and A. V. Nikitin. "Radius measurement of a revolution surface: photogrammetric and geodetic variants." Geodesy and Cartography 927, no. 9 (October 20, 2017): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.22389/0016-7126-2017-927-9-30-36.
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A description of methods for measuring the radius of curvature of any surface of revolution without the use of special devices and direct contact with the object is given. The method the minimum number of linear and angular measurements at a single point of tool is based on. The height of the cross section for which the radius of curvature is determined can be different with respect to the standpoint. The method in the photogrammetric version, when the main measurements taking from a photograph and a purely geodetic using traditional instrument, can be used. At azimuth geodetic option disappear the process of measuring the image and the issues associated with camera calibration, but requires bulky and expensive equipment as well as additional measurement of angles. Photogrammetric method is more suitable in urban environments due to its simplicity and speed. The justification of the tolerances during installation of the camera is given; a simplified method for its calibration is given; as well as an example of using the photogrammetric method for measuring a real object.
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Zhao, Heng Rui, and Guang Xu Cheng. "Surface Defect Inspection of Pressure Equipment Based on Indentation and Numerical Simulation." Key Engineering Materials 734 (April 2017): 285–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.734.285.
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Surface defects caused by damage or corrosion are major factor in petrochemical pressure vessels and line pipes failure. The characteristic size of typical surface defect is from micron to submillimeter which belongs to mesoscopic scale, leading to difficulties for inspection and evaluation. The instrumented indentation method has widely used in the characterization of micro-zone mechanical behavior which could be effective in surface defects analysis. This paper aims at investigating the correspondence between indentation experimental results and distribution characteristics of surface defects. Mechanical properties of pressure vessel steel with surface defects are measured by indentation, and corresponding finite element models are established. Finite element simulation results of equivalent mechanical properties under indentation and three dimensional deformations are compared, and the applicability of finite element models for indentation test of steel with surface defects is analyzed. The effect of randomized surface defects on measuring result is studied subsequently using stochastic finite element models. The relation of equivalent mechanical properties and description of surface defects is proposed. The achievement could used to estimate the degree of damage or corrosion by miniature indentation testing techniques for safety assessment.
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Štaffenová, Daniela, Pavol Durica, Peter Juras, and Ján Rybárik. "Evaluative Case Study in Lightweight Wooden Wall Research." Applied Mechanics and Materials 887 (January 2019): 56–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.887.56.
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This presented article deals with two newly designed experimental walls with different measuring sections (5 for each lightweight wooden wall). All fragments meet the standards required for zero and energy-plus buildings, which would be mandatory in Slovakia from the year 2020. The experimental walls are located in central Europe (town Zilina, Slovakia). Description of individual test sections, the measuring technology, data collection, interior technical equipment and outdoor boundary conditions monitoring are introduced. In the future, the experimental research should progressively combine theoretical calculations with real measurement and computer HAM simulation. In this paper, the focus is aimed to the temperature profiles in wall fragments during seven days chosen from the spring period in the year 2017. The results were graphically presented and evaluated from a point of view of continuous temperature measurement in the structure, exterior boundary conditions, wall orientation and surface character (material, color). Also further intensions of research are drawn.
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Tishhenko, Igor Valerevich, Vitaliy Stanislavovich Nikolaev, and Vladislav Ivanovich Merkulov. "Experimental study of the aircraft air cycle machine rotor dynamics on gas foil bearings." MATEC Web of Conferences 324 (2020): 03001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202032403001.
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In this paper the results of the experimental research of the dynamics of the rotor of a four-wheeled aircraft air cycle machine on gas foil supports under conditions of vibration. The description of the experimental unit, measuring system, and methods of results processing is given. The rotor of the turbomachine is mounted on compliant gas foil journal bearings of the second generation. The rotor speed varied from 20000 to 32000 rpm. The cooling turbine was exposed to broadband random vibration with a mean square value of Vibro-acceleration up to 5 g. The influence of vibration load level, air supply temperature, amplitude-frequency characteristics of the turbine cooler case, and vibration equipment on the rotor dynamics was assessed.
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Csizmazia, Zoltán, Ilona Nagy Polyák, and Attila Kőkuti. "Basic Research for the Development of Fertiliser Spreaders." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 24 (October 11, 2006): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/24/3225.
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The knowledge of the physical characteristics of fertiliser particles is essential for the constructors and operators of fertiliser distributors. Among physical characteristics, the most important are the frictional and aerodynamic properties for the description of particle movement. Adjustable angled slopes, shearing boxes and various rotating disks are used to identify frictional properties. We have developed a high precision shearing box with digital force measuring cells and a distance signaller (incremental transducer) that we use for slide tests efficiently. We measured the frictional characteristics of 6 different fertilisers: the inner coefficient of friction and the coefficient of friction on ten test surfaces most commonly used in machinery, and we specified the relationship between displacement, loading and the coefficient of friction. We can conclude that the material of the frictional surface significantly influences the force of friction.However, our experience tells us that the shearing box is not suitable for the measurement of the inner friction, since the examined particles slide on the metal surface of the shearing box in a growing extent in the course of displacement, so it does not measure the real inner friction. Therefore, in our experiment we have developed rotating shearing equipment with a constant shearing surface to identify the inner friction. We tested the equipment with fertilisers and we identified the inner frictional characteristics of 6 different fertilisers. With the developed rotating shearing apparatus we could measure the real inner friction of the particles.To identify the aerodynamic characteristics of granules, wind tunnels and free-fall tests are used. An elutriator have been developed for our investigation. We have used fertilisers for testing the measuring equipment and we have identified the aerodynamic characteristics of 6 different fertilisers.
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Zdrojewski, Wojciech. "Measuring Stand Tests of a Michell-Banki Waterturbine Prototype, Performedunder Natural Conditions." Transactions on Aerospace Research 2018, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 77–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/tar-2018-0017.
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Abstract The article presents the result of tests of a single segment of a prototype water turbine, performed in order to determine its shaft power output as a function of rpm, and to verify the declared performance. The results have been compared with the outcomes of numerical calculations performed, for the same conditions, with the use of FLUENT software. The work presents information of crucial importance for presenting the process of testing the piece in question, such as: test environment, properties of the test piece, testing equipment used, as well as the methodology and the course of hydromechanical measurements, along with the characteristics of the results obtained. Then, the measurement results are discussed and analyzed. Conclusions are presented as well. Analysis of the results, taking into consideration the physical image of phenomena occurring in the case of flow-devices, such as water turbines, has made it possible to define other, important characteristics of the turbine, such as: output, shaft torque and efficiency, as a function of rpm and head of turbine. Test results have confirmed the expected mechanical and power-related properties of the turbine and have proved the numerical flow modeling model used effective. A brief description of the prospects concerning new applications of the turbine discussed has been presented as well
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La Penna, Giovanni, Davide Tiana, and Paolo Giannozzi. "Measuring Shared Electrons in Extended Molecular Systems: Covalent Bonds from Plane-Wave Representation of Wave Function." Molecules 26, no. 13 (July 1, 2021): 4044. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26134044.
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In the study of materials and macromolecules by first-principle methods, the bond order is a useful tool to represent molecules, bulk materials and interfaces in terms of simple chemical concepts. Despite the availability of several methods to compute the bond order, most applications have been limited to small systems because a high spatial resolution of the wave function and an all-electron representation of the electron density are typically required. Both limitations are critical for large-scale atomistic calculations, even within approximate density-functional theory (DFT) approaches. In this work, we describe our methodology to quickly compute delocalization indices for all atomic pairs, while keeping the same representation of the wave function used in most compute-intensive DFT calculations on high-performance computing equipment. We describe our implementation into a post-processing tool, designed to work with Quantum ESPRESSO, a popular open-source DFT package. In this way, we recover a description in terms of covalent bonds from a representation of wave function containing no explicit information about atomic types and positions.
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Gusinsky, A. V., M. M. Kasperovich, and V. A. Bogush. "Improving the accuracy and metrological support of power meters in the frequency range from 37.5 to 178.6 GHz." Doklady BGUIR 19, no. 3 (June 2, 2021): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.35596/1729-7648-2021-19-3-81-88.
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To satisfy the needs for metrological support of power measurements in the frequency range from 37.5 to 178.6 GHz, the device has been developed and designed for automated measurements, calibrations and verification of wattmeters with high accuracy and the ability to adapt to various types of devices under investigation. This paper presents the composition, diagram andgeneral principle of the device. A description of the structure of isothermal calorimetric converters of autocompensation type with dry load and reference body, which are the basis of the device, is given. The implemented algorithms for converting and replacing microwave power with direct current power of the developed calorimetric wattmeters are presented. The measures taken at the manufacturing stage to minimize sources of measurement uncertainty are described. To assess the accuracy of measuring the absorbed power, a mathematical model of the conversion factor has been compiled. Corrections have been introduced into this mathematical model to improve the measurement accuracy of the reproducible microwave power. The obtained basic metrological and technical characteristics of calorimetric wattmeters and comparison equipment of the device are presented. The obtained metrological and technical characteristics correspond to the current level of standard equipment.
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Salcedo, Ramon, Cruz Garcera, Rafael Granell, Enrique Molto, and Patricia Chueca. "Description of the airflow produced by an air-assisted sprayer during pesticide applications to citrus." Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 13, no. 2 (May 29, 2015): e0208. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2015132-6567.
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Atmospheric drift of plant protection products is considered a major source of air pollution during pesticide applications. Citrus protection against pests and diseases usually requires application of these products using air-blast sprayers. Many authors have emphasized the influence of vegetation on the risk of spray drift. The aim of this work was to describe in detail how the airflow from an air-blast sprayer behaves when it reaches citrus trees and, in particular, the effect that the tree canopy has on this flow. Tests were conducted at a commercial citrus orchard with conventional machinery, placed parallel to a row of trees. Air velocity and direction was measured using a 3D ultrasonic anemometer in 225 points situated in three parallel planes perpendicular to the equipment. The stability of the airflow at each measuring point was studied and the mean velocities were graphically represented. Two vortexes, one behind the canopy, and another over the tree, have been deducted and never been reported before. Both may have an important influence on the trajectories of the sprayed droplets and, as a consequence, on the way in which plant protection products are diffused into the atmosphere. Observed turbulence intensities were higher than in similar experiments conducted in other tree crops, which may be attributable to the higher air volume generated by the machinery used for citrus protection and to the higher foliage density of citrus orchards.
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Shi, Jun-You, Xie-Gui Lin, and Meng Shi. "A key metric and its calculation models for a continuous diagnosis capability base dependency matrix." Metrology and Measurement Systems 19, no. 3 (October 1, 2012): 509–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10178-012-0044-5.
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Abstract This paper is devoted to measuring the continuous diagnosis capability of a system. A key metric and its calculation models are proposed enabling us to measure the continuous diagnosis capability of a system directly without establishing and searching the sequential fault tree (SFT) of the system. At first a description of a D matrix is given and its metric is defined to determine the weakness of a continuous diagnosis. Then based on the definition of a sequential fault combination, a sequential fault tree (SFT) is defined with its establishment process summarized. A key SFT metric is established to measure the continuous diagnosis capability of a system. Two basic types of dependency graphical models (DGMs) and one combination type of DGM are selected for characteristics analysis and establishment of metric calculation models. Finally, both the SFT searching method and direct calculation method are applied to two designs of one type of an auxiliary navigation equipment, which shows the high efficiency of the direct calculation method.
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Karpovič, Zbignev, Ritoldas Šukys, and Rimvydas Gudelis. "TOXICITY RESEARCH OF SMOULDERING AND FLAMING PINE TIMBER TREATED WITH FIRE RETARDANT SOLUTIONS." Journal of Civil Engineering and Management 18, no. 4 (September 11, 2012): 600–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2012.709195.
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The emission of toxic gaseous combustion products from timber constructions influences on the time required for evacuation of people from a building during a fire. In order to prolong the time interval until inflammation of timber constructions, fire retardant solutions are used. It is relevant and very important to determine how the emission of toxic gaseous combustion products from pine timber non-treated and treated with fire retardant solutions used in Lithuania differs during thermal destruction. Measuring carbon monoxide (CO) emissions, the paper focuses on toxicity analysis determined by nonstandard and standard research methods of smouldering and flaming pine timber, both non-treated and treated with fire retardant solutions. The description comprises specimens used in research and their preparation, nonstandard and standard research equipment and methods determining toxicity of smouldering and flaming pine timber, both non-treated and treated with fire retardant solutions. The article presents the analysis of experimental results processed by statistical methods.
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Bolotov, Sergey, Aleksandr Homchenko, Aleksandr Shul'ga, and Evgeniya Bolotova. "INFORMATION-MEASURING COMPLEX FOR INVESTIGATION OF MELTING AND ELECTRODE METAL TRANSFER AT ARC WELDING." Bulletin of Bryansk state technical university 2020, no. 6 (May 30, 2020): 4–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.30987/1999-8775-2020-6-4-11.
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The purpose of the paper consists in the description of the procedure for investigations and software-hardware means for arc welding with a melting electrode in protective gas environment with the controlled transfer of electrode metal and its visualization.
For investigations of quick electrode metal transfer processes there was used Evercam 1000-4-C digital video-camera and RKDP-0401recorder of welding mode parameters.
For video-control of the process there was used a method of active illumination with the further image filtration. It is determined that the visualization of a welding drop transfer dynamics during arc welding with melting electrode in protective gases should be carried out in the infrared range on one side limited with the curve of a spectral transmission of light filters – 950 nm, and on the other side of a matrix sensitivity spectral curve of a rapid camera -1050 nm.
There is developed software in the environment of the LabVIEW graphical programming allowing the fulfillment of adjustment and programming welding mode parameters and high-speed shooting, device synchronization, superposition on oscillograms of electric parameters of the electrode metal image transfer, definition of power characteristics at different interval of drop transfer.
The CMT (Cold Metal Transfer) process with the aid of the equipment of Fronius TransPuls Synergic 3200 is investigated. It is defined that for arc welding in protective gases an optimum frequency of video-shooting is 1500-2000 shots per second at resolution from 640x608 pixels to 320x400 pixels that allows analyzing efficiently rapid processes of drop transfer.
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Pirotti, O. Ye, O. I. Balenko, V. O. Brechko, M. Yu Huzin, and Ju G. Gontar. "ANALYSIS OF CONSTRUCTION PRINCIPLES AND FUNCTIONALITY OF HIGH-VOLTAGE POWER TRANSFORMER CONDITION MONITORING SYSTEMS." Bulletin of the National Technical University "KhPI". Series: Energy: Reliability and Energy Efficiency, no. 1 (1) (December 30, 2020): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2224-0349.2020.01.09.
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The article presents the results of analysis of construction principles and functionality of systems used to monitor the condition of high-voltage power transformers. The main functions of modern monitoring systems used to diagnose the condition of electrical network equipment both in Ukraine and abroad were analysed. Based on the analysis it was found that the most characteristic functions of monitoring systems are the detection of rapidly developing defects and continuous control of parameters necessary to predict and assess the state of equipment. It is shown that efficiency of monitoring systems will be determined by both accuracy of measuring instruments and adequacy of prediction and diagnostic models used in the process of measurement results processing. Requirements to the equipment which observance allows providing effective and economically reasonable use of monitoring systems are considered. The typical architecture of modern monitoring systems is analysed, the basic elements of such systems are considered. Basic levels of information flow processing within the systems for monitoring the condition of power transformers have been considered. A detailed description and justification for using diagnostic parameters for monitoring the main components of power transformers such as dissolved gases analysis, partial discharges, current, voltage and power of transformers, oil temperature in different transformer locations, switching and atmospheric overvoltages, short-circuit currents, deformation of windings and others are presented. The output parameters returned by monitoring systems are given. The introduction of modern systems and technical means of monitoring the condition of high-voltage power transformers will reduce the risks of emergencies and, consequently, reduce the economic losses associated with the replacement of damaged transformers and under-release of electrical energy.
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Ewers, Megan, Sam Kincaid, and Marco Beltman. "Head related transfer function measurements of common PPE." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 263, no. 4 (August 1, 2021): 2430–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in-2021-2134.
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Due to COVID 19, personal protective equipment (PPE) is now used in everyday life. Such PPE affects communication and perception. This paper provides an overview of the impact of PPE on Head Related Transfer Functions (HRTF's). Spatial acoustic effects of common PPE on human hearing can be documented to improve and inform field worker safety and communication. After a general description of the measurement process and required tools, we focus on a few methods which contribute significantly to the accuracy and analysis of PPE-based HRTF data. The dedicated setup allows measuring a full 360 degree map in automated fashion. It includes a special ring setup with 25 speakers, and a precise turn table that is used to adjust the angle of the device under test with respect to the ring. Binaural measurements were performed on a set of common PPE items on a Head And Torso Simulator (HATS) system, including hard hats, safety glasses, hearing protection, and various face masks. An overview of the data is presented.
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Korenevsky, V. V., and E. A. Mordik. "ASSESSMENT OF THE GEOMETRIC PARAMETERS OF THE ROAD USING A MOBILE ROAD LABORATORY." Construction and Geotechnics 10, no. 2 (December 15, 2019): 116–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.15593/2224-9826/2019.4.11.
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The relevance of the study is due to the fact that any complex laboratory equipment requires the appropriate qualifications of staff. A successfully mastered operator training course is sufficient for most standard situations, but does not provide comprehensive ideas about the features of the equipment and software in difficult field conditions, which in turn can cause difficulties in the operation of the device and an increase in the share of subjective decisions in the result. A more complete study of the operation of complex equipment is possible only having practical experience in its operation in different conditions. This article reveals the features of the Geometry complex of the mobile road laboratory KP-514 SMP Highway, which is used to determine the parameters of geometric characteristics, evenness of the coating, the strength of the pavement, and so on. The leading approach to the study of this problem is a descriptive method, which allowed to identify the features of the geometric characteristics of the road. The authors studied in detail the transport interchange on 73 km of the A-290 Novorossiysk - Kerch Strait highway. During the study, it was found that the Geometry module is sufficient to confirm safe traffic conditions and restore lost information about the geometry of the road, since information on the presence and parameters of transition curves is not contained in the description of the route plan. In addition, the authors came to the conclusion that the software settings affect the accuracy of processing the initial path and adjust it using the “comparison interval” parameter of the “setup” window of the Road-PRO software and measuring complex. The materials of the article imply practical significance for university professors in engineering specialties.
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Sehnalek, Stanislav, and Martin Kolacek. "Customization of laboratory for radiant cooling ceiling measurements." MATEC Web of Conferences 210 (2018): 04040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201821004040.
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In this article is examine Laboratory of Environmental Engineering at Faculty of applied informatics under Tomas Bata University in Zlin. This laboratory is performing standardized test of special HVAC equipments. This article describes newly made customization for measuring radiant cooling ceilings. Firstly is described previous situation which is concluded by necessary changes. It is mentioned energy supplies and newly made connection for cooling ceilings. Whole article is sum up by description of samples on which would be done verification of measurement space and methodology.
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Lyashenko, V., V. Zozulia, O. Yula, V. Mazur, and V. Strelbitskyi. "GROUND of COMPOSITION AND TAKTIKO-TEKHNICHNIKH DESCRIPTIONS of PERSPECTIVE MOBILE OPTICAL-ELECTRONIC COMPLEX of TRAJECTORY MEASURINGS." Наукові праці Державного науково-дослідного інституту випробувань і сертифікації озброєння та військової техніки, no. 4 (August 19, 2020): 63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.37701/dndivsovt.4.2020.08.
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For some time past the careful attention of researches requires the issues of analyzing qualities of test objects and compliance actually received tactical and technical characteristics with specified operational requirements, it is necessary to get the parameters of high-precision trajectory measurements that will enable comparison (deviation) of the real trajectory from the reference trajectory (pattern trajectory); evaluate the operating benefit of the test objects; identify the causes of nonconformities of tactical and technical characteristics to requirements, which can be detected. Today for measuring the trajectory parameters of the test objects using equipment, which operates on different physical principles. It refers also to the electro-optics equipment, in which implemented process of target tracking for the purpose of obtaining on a real time basis initial information, further processing which will allow to calculate highly precise trajectory parameters of test objects.
Therefore, the purpose of the article was a justification for composition and tactical and technical characteristics of prospective mobile optoelectronic complex of trajectory measurements.
On the basis of the modern analysis of the objects of ground tests, their main characteristics, as well as the tactical and technical characteristics of modern mobile optoelectronic complex of trajectory measurements of domestic and foreign production and taking into account the “General requirements for mobile optoelectronic station of externally - trajectory measurements” from 01 October 2017, the project of composition and the tactical and technical characteristics prospective mobile optoelectronic complex of trajectory measurements was justified.
Research design - the theory of probability, system analysis and synthesis of organizational-technical systems, theory efficiency and optimization, simulation of complex technical systems.
The main results, obtained in the work:
- composition and the tactical and technical characteristics prospective mobile optoelectronic complex of trajectory measurements were justified;
- general requirements to the mobile optoelectronic complex of trajectory measurements were developed;
The practical importance lies in the possibility of creating mobile optoelectronic complex of trajectory measurements of domestic production to conduct testing of new and modernized specimens of weapons and military equipment.
The study is novel in that it: general requirements to the mobile optoelectronic complex of trajectory measurements were developed; the project of terms of reference for the creation of a mobile optoelectronic complex of trajectory measurements of domestic production was worked out to provide testing of specimens of weapons and military equipment.
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Reinhardt, Christopher Peter, Michael J. Germain, Ernest V. Groman, Jeffrey G. Mulhern, Rajesh Kumar, and Dennis E. Vaccaro. "Functional immunoassay technology (FIT), a new approach for measuring physiological functions: application of FIT to measure glomerular filtration rate (GFR)." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 295, no. 5 (November 2008): F1583—F1588. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.90354.2008.
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This is the first description of functional immunoassay technology (FIT), which as a diagnostic tool has broad application across the whole spectrum of physiological measurements. In this paper, FIT is used to measure the renal clearance of an ultra low-dose administration of a clinically available contrast reagent for the purpose of obtaining an accurate glomerular filtration rate (GFR) measurement. Biomarker-based GFR estimates offer convenience, but are not accurate and are often misleading. FIT overcomes previous analytic barriers associated with obtaining an accurate GFR measurement. We present the performance characteristics of this diagnostic test and demonstrate the method by directly comparing GFR values obtained by FIT to those obtained by an FDA approved nuclear test in 20 adults. Two subjects were healthy volunteers and the remaining 18 subjects had diagnosed chronic kidney disease, with 12 being kidney transplant recipients. Measured GFR values were calculated by the classic UV/P method and by the blood clearance method. GFR obtained by FIT and the nuclear test correlated closely over a wide range of GFR values (10.9–102.1 ml·min−1·1.73 m−2). The study demonstrates that FIT-GFR provides an accurate and reproducible measurement. This nonradioactive, immunoassay-based approach offers many advantages, chiefly that most laboratories already have the equipment and trained personnel necessary to run an ELISA, and therefore this important diagnostic measurement can more readily be obtained. The FIT-GFR test can be used throughout the pharmaceutical development pipeline: preclinical and clinical trials.
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Basalin, A. V., A. Yu Konstantinov, and L. Kruszka. "DEVELOPMENT OF DIRECT IMPACT METHOD FOR DETERMINING DIAGRAMS OF DEFORMATION OF ELASTOPLASTIC MATERIALS AT LARGE DEFORMATIONS." Problems of strenght and plasticity 82, no. 2 (2020): 135–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.32326/1814-9146-2020-82-2-135-146.
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The description and results of the analysis of the experimental method that implements the so-called direct impact scheme built on the basis of the measuring bar technique are presented. This method is used to determine the deformation diagrams of viscoplastic structural materials under conditions of high-speed compression at higher strain rates than in the traditional Kolsky method. Particular attention is paid to a variant of the method in which a striker of the same diameter as the measuring bar is used. In this case, it becomes possible to use equipment of the standard test scheme according to the Kolsky method (in particular, loading devices). Thus, a system of basic testing of materials in a wide range of strain rates is built on a single hardware platform. A numerical analysis of this method is performed. A comparison is made of the characteristics of the sample deformation calculated directly in the numerical simulation and determined indirectly from the information from the measuring bar available in the full-scale test. It is shown that the deformation of the sample is determined precisely only on the time interval corresponding to the double run of the elastic wave along the impactor. A modification of the algorithm for processing the information obtained in this experiment is proposed, taking into account the interference of elastic waves in the impactor and allowing expanding the strain range for which this experiment provides reliable information about the material deformation curve. The work of the technique is demonstrated by the example of testing a sample of M1 copper. For this material, using the direct impact method, a deformation curve is constructed at a strain rate of the order of 104 s-1. It is shown that the traditional experimental data processing scheme gives unphysical overestimated values of the sample deformation.
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Costello, Rebecca B., Cynthia V. Lentino, Leila Saldanha, Marguerite M. Engler, Mary B. Engler, Pothur Srinivas, and Christopher T. Sempos. "A select review reporting the quality of studies measuring endothelial dysfunction in randomised diet intervention trials." British Journal of Nutrition 113, no. 1 (November 6, 2014): 89–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114514003353.
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A quality assessment of the primary studies reported in the literature carried out using select dietary ingredients (DI) purported to affect vascular endothelial function was conducted through a systematic PubMed search from January 2000 to August 2012. A total of seventy randomised controlled trials with defined DI (folic acid (fifteen), n-3 fatty acids (twenty), cocoa (fifteen) and isoflavones (twenty)) and standardised measures of vascular endothelial function were evaluated. Jadad scores, quality scoring parameters for DI and flow-mediated dilation (FMD) methodology used were ascertained. A total of 3959 randomised subjects, mean age 51 (se 0·21) years (range 9–79 years), were represented in the dataset. The mean Jadad scores did not differ statistically among the DI studies, with the majority of the studies being of good quality. Higher DI quality scores were achieved by studies using the botanical ingredients cocoa and isoflavones than by those using the nutrient ingredients folic acid and n-3 fatty acids. The mean DI quality scores were 4·13 (se 0·34), 5·20 (se 0·47), 6·13 (se 0·41) and 6·00 (se 0·59) for the folic acid, n-3 fatty acid, cocoa and isoflavone intervention studies, respectively (and significantly different). The mean Corretti FMD scores were 7·27 (se 0·56), 7·46 (se 0·79), 6·29 (se 0·61) and 7·11 (se 0·56) for the folic acid, n-3 fatty acid, cocoa and isoflavone intervention studies, respectively (NS). FMD studies failed to adequately describe the equipment used and more than half failed to provide an adequate description of the procedures used for vascular image acquisition and measurement. DI can be utilised for dietary intervention studies; however, the methodology should be clearly reported using the guidelines for assessment for both DI and FMD.
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Banaś, Wacław, Aleksander Gwiazda, Krzysztof Herbuś, Gabriel Kost, Piotr Ociepka, and Daniel Reclik. "Analysis of the Dynamic Properties of the Mechatronic Integrator of Control Procedures of the Vehicle Driven by Persons with Disabilities." Solid State Phenomena 220-221 (January 2015): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.220-221.3.
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The simulator of behavior of a disabled person driving the car is especially useful equipment. Mainly, the hands and the face of a driver are observed in order to determine facial expressions, slow-motion of the head and eyes, which according to the description of the simulation indicate disturbances of concentration and, in extreme cases may lead to nausea, or even loss of consciousness [1]. So, in the realization phase of the configuration the control system, the need to maintain high standards of safety was taken into consideration. The main problem described in the paper was measuring the acceleration and frequency of vibration during the operation of the simulator [2, 3, 4]. This analysis will help to determine whether any particular circumstances during crash simulations do not exceed the acceleration limit while the driver still feels its effects. It is also important to examine the frequency of vibrations, which during long driving simulator can cause nausea, dizziness or loss of consciousness. This analysis is a part of widely applied CAx analysis performed using special computer platforms that should be properly organized [5] and helps to expand the range of investigations [6].
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Boone, Daniel R. "A Historical Perspective of Voice Management: 1940-1970." Perspectives on Voice and Voice Disorders 20, no. 2 (July 2010): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/vvd20.2.47.
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Purpose: To provide the current speech-language pathologist with a historical perspective of voice management of children and adults in the time period 1940-1970, employing both literature citation and personal anecdotal experience. Method: Each decade of the time period 1940-1970 has been reviewed specific to available literature, descriptions of existing clinical voice services available, and the personal academic and clinical training of the author and his subsequent professional experiences. Equipment availability for use in measurement and treatment of respiratory and resonance problems was well established in the 1940s and early 1950s. Equipment for measuring voice pitch and voice quality arrived much later. For much of this time period, the treatment of vocal hyperfunction was primarily provided by psychologists and psychiatrists. Results: As we review the practice of clinical voice 40-60 years ago, we appreciate this past influence on what we do today in voice management. Conclusions: Without the benefit of computer assist and related instrumentation that we have today, voice management in past time periods appears to have been remarkably successful.
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Sosnina, Elena, Aleksandr Sevostyanov, Evgeny Kryukov, and Rustam Bedretdinov. "Thyristor Voltage Regulator Experimental Research." E3S Web of Conferences 209 (2020): 07020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020907020.
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The article is devoted to the thyristor voltage regulator (TVR) development. The TVR purpose is to control power flows and regulate voltage in 6-20 kV distribution electrical networks (DEN). The principle of TVR operation is based on the plus EMF (or minus EMF) introduction into power line when the shared use of longitudinal (change of magnitude) and transverse (change of phase) voltage regulation. The description of the TVR prototype is given. The TVR prototype consists of a 0.4 kV thyristor switches, power transformers (shunt and serial) and a 6 kV switchgear. The TVR has a two-level control system (CS). The TVR prototype experimental research was conducted in four stages: check of power equipment, first level CS research, second level CS research, prototype tests as a whole. The connection diagrams (thyristor switches unit, transformer and measuring equipment) and contact connections reliability were checked when the power part was tested. A qualitative characteristic of the input and output signals was obtained when testing the first level CS. It is found that the thyristor control pulses are formed according to the developed algorithm. The correctness of control system algorithms, executed and transmitted commands, passed and received data was confirmed as a result of the second level CS tests. The TVR research results indicate that the prototype provides the smoothness and specified accuracy of voltage regulation in all modes. The control range of the output voltage relative to the input was ±10%. The discreteness of regulation did not exceed 1.5%. The range of change in the shift angle of the output voltage relative to the input was ±5°. Research confirmed the TVR ES operability and its readiness for trial operation.
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Muhammad, Nda, Mohd Shalahuddin Adnan, Mohd Azlan Mohd Yosuff, and Kabiru Abdullahi Ahmad. "A review of field methods for suspended and bedload sediment measurement." World Journal of Engineering 16, no. 1 (February 11, 2019): 147–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wje-07-2018-0226.
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Purpose Sediment measurement is usually accessible on a periodic or distinct basis. The measurement of sediment (suspended and bedload), especially in the field, is vital in keeping essential data of sediment transport and deposition. Various techniques for measuring sediment have been used over time each with its merits and demerits. The techniques discussed in this paper for suspended sediment include bottle, acoustic, pump, laser diffraction, nuclear and optical. Other techniques for bedload measurement are; River bedload trap (RBT), CSU/FU bedload trap, Helley–Smith, Polish Hydrological Services (PIHM) device, pit and trough, vortex tube, radioactive traces and bedload–surrogate technologies. However, the choice of technique depends on multiple factors ranging from budget constraint, availability of equipment, manpower and data requirement. The purpose of this paper is to present valuable information on selected techniques used in sediment measurement, to aid researchers/practitioners in the choice of sediment measurement technique. Design/methodology/approach This paper presents a general review of selected field techniques used in sediment measurement (suspended and bedload). Each techniques mode of operation, merits and demerits are discussed. Findings This paper highlights that each technique has its peculiar merits and demerits. However, two techniques are generally preferred over others; the bottle sampling and the Helley–Smith sampler for measuring suspended and bedload sediment. This is because the applicability of these techniques is quite widespread and time-tested. Originality/value This review paper provides an in-depth description and comparison of selected existing field sediment measurement techniques. The objective is to ease decision-making about the choice of technique, as well as to identify the suitability and applicability of the chosen technique.
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Heřmánek, P., A. Rybka, I. Honzík, L. Vent, B. Jošt, and J. Mašek. "Analysis of strength ratio of different hop strings." Research in Agricultural Engineering 58, No. 4 (December 11, 2012): 148–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/33/2012-rae.
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In plant-growing, minimization of impurities in the final product plays a more and more important role. One of the risky places that can influence the final purity of granules in hop growing is the way of hop strings hanging on the trellis supporting wire. The ideal state is when hop-field supporting wires stay clean and without any attachments after the hop vines had been pulled down. The article deals with different variants of hop strings hanging, a description of the measuring equipment, and a measurement of the pulling force itself at a field test, and a realization of break tests in laboratory conditions with both new and used wires and twines. Two-year results of field tests proved advantageousness of the hop string hanging variant in combination of a black annealed wire of 1.06 mm in diameter with a polypropylene twine of strength labelled as 12,500 in the form of a simple attachment, as well as variants combining the same wire and a jute twine labelled 2,200 × 2 in the form of a double attachment. Other variants using attachments made of jute or sisal are unsuitable due to a large number of fallen hopvines in vegetation period. Paper attachments will be put to further tests.
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Shumyacher, Vyacheslav, Sergey Kryukov, Olga Kulik, and Xavier Kennedy. "Materials Grindability." MATEC Web of Conferences 297 (2019): 09003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201929709003.
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A physical description of material grindability is proposed as a property of deformation and surface destruction of processed surface at the envelope removal. A mechanism for microchip formation is described, which consists in changing mobility of the metal being grinded in “abrasive grain -workpiece” contact, which leads to uneven removal of the energy transmitted by abrasive particle. Criteria for assessing the grindability of metals and methodology for their determination are given. In this article, we described an automated measuring complex (AMC “Grinding”), which was developed, designed and tested by us. This complex is used to solve the aim of the monitoring of grinding process at all stages of abrasive treatment and gives the opportunity to make the adjustments at all stages of the technological process, taking into account both the properties of the abrasive tool and the properties of lubricating and cooling technological means and treatment regimes. The principle of operation of an automated complex is based on statistical analysis of output energy parameters of technological equipment operation. The proposed method for evaluating grindability has been experimentally tested when grinding parts of bearings under production conditions. As a result of processing the obtained data, rational tool characteristics and grinding modes were assigned, providing the required quality indicators.
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Khan, Imran, Dominique Elser, Thomas Dirmeier, Christoph Marquardt, and Gerd Leuchs. "Quantum communication with coherent states of light." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 375, no. 2099 (June 26, 2017): 20160235. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2016.0235.
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Quantum communication offers long-term security especially, but not only, relevant to government and industrial users. It is worth noting that, for the first time in the history of cryptographic encoding, we are currently in the situation that secure communication can be based on the fundamental laws of physics (information theoretical security) rather than on algorithmic security relying on the complexity of algorithms, which is periodically endangered as standard computer technology advances. On a fundamental level, the security of quantum key distribution (QKD) relies on the non-orthogonality of the quantum states used. So even coherent states are well suited for this task, the quantum states that largely describe the light generated by laser systems. Depending on whether one uses detectors resolving single or multiple photon states or detectors measuring the field quadratures, one speaks of, respectively, a discrete- or a continuous-variable description. Continuous-variable QKD with coherent states uses a technology that is very similar to the one employed in classical coherent communication systems, the backbone of today’s Internet connections. Here, we review recent developments in this field in two connected regimes: (i) improving QKD equipment by implementing front-end telecom devices and (ii) research into satellite QKD for bridging long distances by building upon existing optical satellite links. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Quantum technology for the 21st century’.
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Marczuk, Andrzej, Wojciech Misztal, Sergey Bulatov, Vladimir Nechayev, and Petr Savinykh. "Research on the Work Process of a Station for Preparing Forage." Sustainability 12, no. 3 (February 2, 2020): 1050. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12031050.
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Forage from grain plays a special role in animal nutrition because it constitutes feed with a high content of readily available carbohydrates. Unfortunately, the equipment used to prepare forage is often manufactured without the necessary justification and confirmation of the declared sizes and indicators of the work process. This forms the basis for our theoretical and experimental studies. Research has been carried out to provide justification of the design and operating parameters of the patented station for producing forage from cereal crops. This article describes the technology for preparing forage from grain and provides a detailed description of the station used and the principle of its operation. During the experiments, we studied the influence of the angle α of setting the grid-work (plate) and the distance S from the nozzle to the grid-work on the quality of forage. Qualitative, quantitative, and energy indicators have been evaluated using up-to-date measuring instruments and equipment. The method is described, and the studied factors and evaluation criteria for the preparation of forage from grain are indicated. The forage quality results are presented, as determined by the content of whole grains in it via the residue on a sieve with a sieve size of 3 mm when preparing it with a different combination of the studied factors. The analysis of the energy consumption results of the process of preparing forage from grain under various operating conditions of the plant is shown. As a result, the optimal location parameters of the passive grinder have been found, allowing to obtain high-quality forage with minimal power consumption of the electric motor. A grid-work should be used as a grinder. Its installation angle should be 30°, and the distance between the grid-work and the nozzle should be 205 mm. With this combination of parameters, the specific energy consumption is minimal and amounts to 41.5 W·h/L.
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Hamury, La Ode Hamrin. "Microcontroller ATMega328 -Based Alcohol Danger Warning System of Ethanol Based on Detection of Alcohol Content in the Breath." INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCES RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT (IJHSRD) 1, no. 1 (December 4, 2019): 67–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.36566/ijhsrd/vol1.iss1/7.
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Today, the number of social problems in the community arising from the use of ethanol is quite disturbing. Drinks containing ethanol are widely circulated in Indonesia. The consumption of alcoholic beverages is well known and has become prevalent and accepted in social relationships. This paper is a development and realization of alcohol measuring devices in breath. The alcohol detector used in this tool is the MQ3 gas sensor. Data detected by thesensor from the breath was processed and identified by the ATMega328 microcontroller. Identification of conditions related to the alcohol levels was displayed on the LCD. The alcohol content that can be detected by this tool is 0.01% BAC-0.20% BAC. Program instructions contained in the microcontroller are categorized under 3 conditions, which are safe, alert, and dangerous. Testing of equipment is carried out on alcohol samples in several containers with different levels. The results showed that an alcohol levelof 0.01% -0.05% has a safe status, an alcohol content of 0.06% 0.10 has an alert status, and an alcohol content of 0.11% -0.20% has a dangerous status. The value of the content along with the description according to the condition was displayed digitally. This tool can measure the level of alcohol through the breath and displays the status level of the alcohol content in the breath. This tool is suitable for detecting whether someone is an alcoholic or not. The type of alcohol that can be detected by this tool is ethanol.
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Нерубасский, Вадим Владимирович, Вячеслав Михайлович Грудинкин, and Денис Александрович Лавренюк. "Удаленное сопровождение и модернизация программно-технических комплексов для испытаний авиационных двигателей." Aerospace technic and technology, no. 4sup1 (August 27, 2021): 144–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/aktt.2021.4sup1.20.
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The introductory part of the article provides information that JSC "Element" is one of the leading enterprises of Ukraine in the scientific and technical direction "Electronic systems for measuring, monitoring parameters and aircraft engine control". As a result of cooperation between the team of Element JSC and a number of divisions of Motor Sich JSC, software and hardware complexes (SHC) were developed to automate the technological processes of bench tests of aircraft engines. For 15 years, about 20 such SHCs have been supplied to Motor Sich JSC and other enterprises. An important task of Element JSC was to provide support for its hardware and software complexes, to promptly resolve issues related to their performance and modernization as new requirements and technological processes emerge. The SHC Polygon became the main tool in solving these problems. The description of the SHC Polygon is given, which is a functionally standard SHC, but with a reduced composition of measuring modules. The SHC polygon consists of two hierarchical levels: lower and upper. The upper level of the PTK Polygon is a device for communication with the object, the main tasks of which are the transformation of parameters coming from the sensors and the primary processing of information, control of technological operations, and emergency protection of the engine. The upper level is two workstations that display information and provide interaction between the operator and the system. The Polygon SHC includes a software product (SP) operating in the environment of the QNX 4.25 real-time operating system. The main feature of the SHC Polygon is the ability to launch the SP of any of the developed SHC, adapted to work with the existing set of measuring modules. A list of the most frequently performed works in the course of post-warranty maintenance of the hardware and software complex, including the introduction of new technological operations and algorithms, is given. It is noted that the SHC Polygon turned out to be a successful solution for remote support of aircraft engine tests at the stands of Motor Sich JSC. It allows you to solve most of the problems identified in the operation of the equipment of test stands and hardware and software systems, and also provides modernization and refinement of algorithms without specialists visiting the site. The possibility of remote maintenance of the SHC is especially important in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic and quarantine restrictions in Ukraine.
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BHAT, SHREYA, MUHAMMAD ADAM, YUKI HAGIWARA, and EDDIE Y. K. NG. "THE BIOPHYSICAL PARAMETER MEASUREMENTS FROM PPG SIGNAL." Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 17, no. 07 (November 2017): 1740005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021951941740005x.
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Early investigation on blood circulation by Hertzman (1937) leads to the observation of vital body signs such as respiration rate, heart rate (HR), blood oxygenation and vascular assessment using photoplethysmographic (PPG) device. PPG is a noninvasive, painless optical technique used to monitor the pulsations linked to alteration in the blood volume. The PPG waveform is a summation of pulsatile and nonpulsatile components and contains useful information about the physiological systems. With the breakthrough in technology and development of powerful analytical tools, PPG devices are constantly being used in advanced medical equipments such as smart-watches and smart-wristbands for HR monitoring, pulse oximeters for measuring respiratory rate and noncontact PPG device for blood oxygen saturation measurement. This paper presents description on PPG and its characteristic waveform and working principle. It also includes brief explanation on nonlinear analysis of PPG signals and salient applications of PPG followed by its advantages and limitations.
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Píštěk, Václav, Pavel Kučera, Oleksij Fomin, Alyona Lovska, and Aleš Prokop. "Acoustic Identification of Turbocharger Impeller Mistuning—A New Tool for Low Emission Engine Development." Applied Sciences 10, no. 18 (September 14, 2020): 6394. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10186394.
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At present, exhaust gas turbochargers not only form the basis for the economical operation of petrol, diesel or gas engines of all power categories, but also have an irreplaceable role on reducing their emissions. In order to reduce emissions from internal combustion engines, various systems are being developed, all of which have a turbocharger as an important component. Demands on turbocharger system durability and reliability keep growing, which requires the application of increasingly advanced computational and experimental methods at the development beginning of these systems. The design of turbochargers starts with a mathematical description of their rotationally cyclic impellers. However, mistuning, i.e., a slight individual blade property deviation from the intended design parameters, leads to a disturbance of the rotational cyclic symmetry. This article deals with the effects of manufacturing-related deviations on the structural dynamic behaviour of real turbine rotors. As opposed to methods exploiting expensive scanning vibrometers for experimental modal analysis or time-consuming accurate measurement of the geometry of individual blades using 3D optical scanners. A suitable microphone and a finite element rotor wheel model are the basis of this new method. After comparing the described acoustic approach with the laser vibrometer procedure, the results seemed to be practically identical. In comparison with the laser technique the unquestionable added value of this new method is the fact that it brings a significant reduction in the financial requirements for laboratory equipment. Another important benefit is that the measuring process of bladed wheel mistuning is significantly less time-consuming.
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Rahrig, M., R. Drewello, and A. Lazzeri. "OPTO-TECHNICAL MONITORING – A STANDARDIZED METHODOLOGY TO ASSESS THE TREATMENT OF HISTORICAL STONE SURFACES." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2 (May 30, 2018): 945–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-945-2018.
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Monitoring is an essential requirement for the planning, assessment and evaluation of conservation measures. It should be based on a standardized and reproducible observation of the historical surface. For many areas and materials suitable methods for long-term monitoring already exist. But hardly any non-destructive testing methods have been used to test new materials for conservation of damaged stone surfaces. The Nano-Cathedral project, funded by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program, is developing new materials and technologies for preserving damaged stone surfaces of built heritage. The prototypes developed are adjusted to the needs and problems of a total of six major cultural monuments in Europe. In addition to the testing of the materials under controlled laboratory conditions, the products have been applied to trial areas on the original stone surfaces. For a location-independent standardized assessment of surface changes of the entire trial areas a monitoring method based on opto-technical, non-contact and non-destructive testing methods has been developed. This method involves a three-dimensional measurement of the surface topography using Structured-Light-Scanning and the analysis of the surfaces in different light ranges using high resolution VIS photography, as well as UV-A-fluorescence photography and reflected near-field IR photography.<br> The paper will show the workflow of this methodology, including a detailed description of the equipment used data processing and the advantages for monitoring highly valuable stone surfaces. Alongside the theoretical discussion, the results of two measuring campaigns on trial areas of the Nano-Cathedral project will be shown.
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Wongkamchai, S., W. Satimai, S. Loymek, H. Nochot, and J. J. Boitano. "An ELISA kit with two detection modes for the diagnosis of lymphatic filariasis." Journal of Helminthology 89, no. 5 (May 27, 2014): 552–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x14000522.
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AbstractThe aim of this study was to develop a low-cost antifilarial immunoglobulin (Ig) G4 detection kit for the diagnosis of lymphatic filariasis. The kit was designed to be used by minimally trained personnel without the constraints of expensive laboratory equipment. We provide a description of the development and validation of a single-serum-dilution based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit with ready-to-use reagents for measuring antifilarial IgG4 antibodies. The kit was tested on residents in Brugia malayi-endemic areas in southern Thailand. Detection was performed by naked-eye observation of the resultant colour of the immunological reactivity. The coefficient of variation (CV) was used to assess the reproducibility of the results. Long-term stability was measured over a 6-month period. Sensitivity of the test kit was 97% when compared with microfilariae detection in thick blood smears. Specificity was 98.7% based on the sera of 57 patients living outside the endemic areas who were infected with other parasites and 100 parasite-free subjects. All positive CVs were < 10%. The test kit was remarkably stable over 6 months. Field validation was performed by the detection of antifilarial IgG4 in 4365 serum samples collected from residents of brugian filariasis-endemic areas and compared with outcome colours of the test samples by the naked eye. Subsequent ELISA evaluation of these results using an ELISA reader indicated high agreement by the kappa statistic. These results demonstrate that the test kit is efficient and useful for public health laboratories as an alternative tool for the diagnosis of lymphatic filarial infection.