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1
Karamanoukian, Charry. "Les systèmes linguistiques du descriptif, suivi de Exilée." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0028/MQ50530.pdf.
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Wang, Qin, and 王沁. "Knowledge and description." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B47869896.
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It has been debated whether knowledge attributions are descriptions of the world.
Descriptivists argue that they are. Non-cognitivists discover that knowledge
attributions have characteristics that are not shared by paradigm cases of
descriptions. Most forms of non-cognitivism therefore deny that knowledge
attributions are descriptions of the world.
This thesis approaches the debate using data from the ordinary use of language.
It is argued that a prominent form of descriptivism, attributor contextualism, is
in conflict with treating ordinary use of simple knowledge attributions as true.
This treatment of ordinary language is adopted by prominent contextualists, and
is what distinguishes contextualism from its main rival, invariantism. The
conflict is generalized to descriptivism in general so that either descriptivism or
the treatment of simple ordinary use of the language as true has to be given up.
Various arguments for and against such treatment of ordinary language and
descriptivism’s alternative, non-cognitivism, are examined respectively. It is
held that although many forms of non-cognitivism are problematic, whether
non-cognitivism is a true thesis still remains open. It is also argued that despite
its initial plausibility, the treatment of simple ordinary use of indicative
language as true is not as attractive as it first appears to be.
Since we are not forced to accept treating simple ordinary knowledge
attributions as true, as far as the conflict between the two goes, we are not
forced to give up descriptivism, either. However, non-cognitivism remains an
attractive alternative to descriptivism.published_or_final_version
Philosophy
Master
Master of Philosophy
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Beheshti, Soosan 1969. "Minimum description complexity." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/8012.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2002.Includes bibliographical references (p. 136-140).
The classical problem of model selection among parametric model sets is considered. The goal is to choose a model set which best represents observed data. The critical task is the choice of a criterion for model set comparison. Pioneer information theoretic based approaches to this problem are Akaike information criterion (AIC) and different forms of minimum description length (MDL). The prior assumption in these methods is that the unknown true model is a member of all the competing sets. We introduce a new method of model selection: minimum description complexity (MDC). The approach is motivated by the Kullback-Leibler information distance. The method suggests choosing the model set for which the model set relative entropy is minimum. We provide a probabilistic method of MDC estimation for a class of parametric model sets. In this calculation the key factor is our prior assumption: unlike the existing methods, no assumption of the true model being a member of the competing model sets is needed. The main strength of the MDC calculation is in its method of extracting information from the observed data.
(cont.) Interesting results exhibit the advantages of MDC over MDL and AIC both theoretically and practically. It is illustrated that, under particular conditions, AIC is a special case of MDC. Application of MDC in system identification and signal denoising is investigated. The proposed method answers the challenging question of quality evaluation in identification of stable LTI systems under a fair prior assumption on the unmodeled dynamics. MDC also provides a new solution to a class of denoising problems. We elaborate the theoretical superiority of MDC over the existing thresholding denoising methods.
by Soosan Beheshti.
Ph.D.
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Perder, Emil. "A Grammatical Description of Dameli." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för lingvistik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-93888.
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This dissertation aims to provide a grammatical description of Dameli (ISO-639-3: dml), an Indo-Aryan language spoken by approximately 5 000 people in the Domel Valley in Chitral in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province in the North-West of Pakistan. Dameli is a left-branching SOV language with considerable morphological complexity, particularly in the verb, and a complicated system of argument marking. The phonology is relatively rich, with 31 consonant and 16 vowel phonemes. This is the first extensive study of this language. The analysis presented here is based on original data collected primarily between 2003-2008 in cooperation with speakers of the language in Peshawar and Chitral, including the Domel Valley. The core of the data consists of recorded texts and word lists, but questionnaires and paradigms of word forms have also been used. The main emphasis is on describing the features of the language as they appear in texts and other material, rather than on conforming them to any theory, but the analysis is informed by functional analysis and linguistic typology, hypotheses on diachronical developments and comparisons with neighbouring and related languages. The description is divided into sections describing phonology, morphology and syntax, with chapters on a range of individual subjects such as particular word classes and phrase types, phonological and syntactical phenomena. This is not intended to be an exhaustive reference grammar; some topics are only touched upon briefly while others are treated in more detail and suggestions for further research are given at various points throughout the work.
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Essebei, Omar. "Quantum description of inflation." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/19309/.
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In this thesis I want to analyze what happens when an inflationary space-time is studied as a collection of quanta. Classically the inflationary universe can be described by the equation of moto for the metric tensor field and for the inflaton field. My purpose is to deal the two fields as systems of particles, called respectively gravitons and inflatons. Thus, the fundamental quantum quantities that are taken into account to describe these systems, are the particle occupation numbers and the constant couplings between them. Therefore, in addition to the equations of moto for the classical quantities, had to be deduced the temporal evolution for the number of quanta of the two systems. What I will show is that, the equation for the classical and quantum models will give the same interpretation for the space-time, untill the microscopic interactions between quanta become important. The quantum correction that rises, leads to a new interpretation of the inflationary universe. Briefly, in the inflaton model exists a limit in wich can be recovered the well know de Sitter metric, instead this is not more true when the quantum interactions between quanta of the classical fields are are taken into account.\\
Before analyzing the quantum model of inflation, I will show in the second chapter, the corpuscolar interpretation of the black hole. Indeed, it constitutes an instructive model in wich is present only the gravitational field, and the dynamics of the quanta associated, is very similar to that of the inflationary model. The reason can be searched in the statistichal features of the respectively systems. In both models, I will prove that they are Bose-Einstein condensates, constitued by many very weakly interagent quanta, at critical phase point.\\
To conclude, in the last chapter I will show an alternative theory of gravity that inside itself, encodes the inflationary universe, and I will try to quantizy it.
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Opheim, Mads. "CREEK and Description Logics." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for datateknikk og informasjonsvitenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-26768.
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Creek is a system for diagnosis and problem solving. It makes heavily use of general knowledge, and is intended for open and weak theory domains. The system uses this general knowledge in combination with experiences from previous cases to solve new problems.We have implemented the core parts of Creek inside the Colibri studio framework, and shown that it is both possible and realistic to create a thorough Creek implementation. This has resulted in a system named Colibreek.In this implementation, we have replaced the knowledge representation in Creek, switching from the original frames to description logics. This has proven successful, and promising for further development.We have tested our system on the turbine sensor domain, and shown how our system can be used for condition monitoring on sensor-monitored equipment such as turbines. By doing this, we have also shown how the system can solve real problems people, companies and organisations have.
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RIBEIRO, TIAGO DA SILVA. "NETSPEAK: DESCRIPTION AND USES." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2011. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=18158@1.
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COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIORPROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
As relações interpessoais são hoje, mais do que nunca, virtuais. E-mails, chats, listas de discussões, Twitter, entre outras ferramentas de comunicação estão em expansão, seja em ambientes profissionais, seja na vida pessoal. Por conta da chamada revolução virtual, muito se fala sobre a linguagem da Internet, porém pouco se faz para descrevê-la e aproveitá-la como fonte de estudos sobre o português atual. Acreditamos que o entendimento da estrutura do internetês seja útil para diversas áreas de pesquisa, como a Linguística de Corpus. Partindo desse pressuposto, esta tese procura descrever os processos de síntese do internetês, a fim de comprovarmos que há regras na formação de abreviaturas e outras palavras que são típicas dessa nova forma de expressão. Encontramos, por meio de uma pesquisa quantitativa, padrões de formação do internetês, o que prova que essa linguagem não se configura como um desvio anárquico da língua padrão. Esses padrões refletem a fonética e a estrutura silábica do português de forma bastante sistemática, demonstrando o conhecimento implícito dos falantes sobre a gramática da língua e sua preocupação em seguir os princípios de comunicabilidade. Encontramos também diferenças quantitativas e qualitativas no uso da abreviação de acordo com o gênero textual em que aparecem. Acreditamos que a maior compreensão sobre os processos do internetês seja importante para o ensino da escrita formal e que sua descrição pode trazer respostas às críticas a essa forma de se comunicar, que advêm tanto de professores quanto de alunos. Por isso, na parte final deste trabalho, sugerimos tarefas que aproveitem a maior atividade de leitura e escrita proporcionada pela grande expansão das comunicações on-line, para alcançar níveis mais sofisticados de letramento. Mais do que descrever as abreviaturas do internetês, sem propor como lidar com elas, tentaremos trazer um novo olhar a estudiosos de diversas áreas que lidam com a linguagem da Internet, a professores e alunos que têm uma visão equivocada sobre essa linguagem.
Interpersonal relationships are more than ever virtual. E-mails, chats, discussion lists, Twitter, and other communication tools are expanding their use, both in professional environments and in personal life. On account of the virtual revolution, a lot has been said about the language of the Internet, but little effort is made to describe and use it as a source of studies on the current Portuguese language. We believe that the understanding of the structure of the netspeak is useful for several research areas, such as the Corpus Linguistics. Based on this assumption, this paper aims at describing the synthesis processes found on Internet texts in order to prove that there are rules on the formation of abbreviations and other words that are typical of this new form of expression. We found, through quantitative research, patterns of the netspeak, which proves that this language is not configured as an anarchic deviation of cultivated language. These patterns reflect the phonetic and syllabic structure of the Portuguese language rather systematically, showing the speakers implicit knowledge of the grammar and its eagerness to follow the principles of communicability. We also found qualitative and quantitative differences in the use of abbreviation according to the textual gender in which they appear. We believe that the understanding of the processes of the language used on the internet is important for the teaching of writing as well as its formal description can provide answers to criticisms against this form of communicating, which coming from both teachers and students. So, at the end of this thesis, we suggest some tasks that make better use of the increasing activity of reading and writing provided by the boom in online communications, in order to achieve more sophisticated levels of literacy. Rather than describing the abbreviations used on the Internet without suggesting how to deal with them, we try to provide a new perspective to scholars from various fields that deal with the Internet language, as well as to teachers and students who have a wrong view about this language.
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Rydin, Evy. "Concept description genom klustring." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Handels- och IT-högskolan, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-18521.
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Concept description är en data mining-uppgift som strävar efter en begripligbeskrivning av koncept och klasser, inte exakta prediceringar. Syftet medstudien är att visa hur prototypbaserad klustring kan skapa förståelse för endatamängds underliggande domän, enligt concept description. Experimenthar utförts med data från pokerdomänen. Datamängden samlades in från ettlow-limit, shorthanded bord, hos en av de stora Internetsiterna för onlinepokerspel. De två experimenten utfördes med samma datamängd, men däruppsättningen attribut skiljde sig åt. Klustringen utfördes med denprototypbaserade klustringsalgoritmen K-means. För att data mining–uppgiften skulle lösas på tillfredställande vis, presenterades experimentensresultat i diagram och tabeller som var möjliga att analysera. Klustren somexperimenten resulterade i visar sig vara väl separerade. Den doldainformationen, som lyftes fram av klustringsexperimenten, kunde verifierasav domänens teori. Analysen av resultatet visade att klustring med denprototypbaserade klustringsalgoritmen K-means är en metod som går bra attanvända för att skapa förståelse i en datamängds underliggande domän.Uppsatsnivå: D
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Silber, Jenna. "Scientific description of society." Thesis, Boston University, 1998. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/27770.
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Boston University. University Professors Program Senior theses.PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.
2031-01-02
10
Jarrouche, Lisette Tohmé. "Descriptions et descriptif dans la prose romanesque de Théophile Gautier." Paris 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA030044.
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L'étude de l'oeuvre romanesque de Théophile Gautier révéle la prééminence du descriptif grâce a sept principaux types: le tableau, la description documentaire, ambulatoire, procédurale, parlée, onirique et négative. Ses intrigues sont peu complexes, le descriptif monopolise le texte. Toute nouveauté dans le récit entraine et justifie une expansion descriptive qui forme un système a partir d'un terme-clé décline en une nomenclature a laquelle s'associe un groupe de prédicats et s'organisent des opérations d'ancrage. Les descriptions analysées selon ce modèle montrent qu'en s'attachant a une vision, un être ou un objet aussi beaux ou insignifiants soient-ils, le descripteur gautérien les transforme en sujets dignes de description. A l'interface de la narration et de la description, se crée une thématique nécessaire à la naturalisation du passage de l'une a l'autre: signaux typographiques et morphologiques, intrusions du narrateur, termes métalinguistiques, prétérition et apparition d'un personnage-descripteur. Les modes d'organisation interne des systèmes descriptifs privilégient les critères de quantité, de complétude et d'homogénéité. Le descriptif agit comme actant collectif de la narration: opposant, adjuvant, destinateur et destinataire. Le descripteur favorise les trois genres canoniques: le portrait, la topographie et la chronographie. Dans les portraits, il s'intéresse à l'aspect physique. Les lieux suggèrent des descriptions ou se déploient les lexiques spécifiques d'un paysage ou d'un style architectural. L'habitat du héros se présente comme un espace de solitude; la quête de l'identité et du bonheur nécessite un déplacement dans l'ailleurs. L'exotisme dans le temps anime le héros surtout dans les contes fantastiques. Les époques privilégiées sont l'antiquité, le moyen-âge, le règne louis xiii, le XVIIIème et le XIXème siècles. Dans sa critique, Gautier s'attache a transposer l'œuvre d'art sous forme d'ekphrasis. Sa littérature de voyage présente des concordances avec les descriptions des romans rédigés plus tard et situes dans les mêmes pays. L'ironie et l'intertextualité caractérisent les descriptions émaillées de références artistiques, littéraires ou mythologiques ou le descripteur en créant l'écriture artiste se décrit décrivant et détruit l'illusion romanesqueThe study of Theophile Gautier's novels reveals the predominance of the descriptive due to seven principal types: the scene, the documentary, ambulatory, procedural, spoken, oneiric and negative description. His plots aren't very complex, the descriptive monopolizes the text. Each novelty in the narrative gives rise to and justifies a descriptive expansion which forms a system from a key-word declined in a nomenclature, to which are associated a group of predicates and are organized anchoring operations. The descriptions analyzed according to this model show that by attaching to a vision, a creature or an object, whether beautiful or insignificant as it may be, the gautierian descriptor transforms them to subjects worth being described. At the interface of the narration and the description, is created a set of themes necessary to the naturalization of the passage from one to another: typographic and morphological signals, narrator's interference's, metalinguistic terms, preterition and appearance of a descriptor-character. The modes of internal organization of descriptive systems privilege the criteria of quantity, exhaustiveness and homogeneity. The descriptive operates like a collective actant of the narration: opponent, adjuvant, sender and addressee. The narrator-descriptor favorizes three canonical types: the portrait, the topography and the chronoghraphy. In the portraits, he is interested by the physical appearance. The places suggest descriptions where are deployed specific lexicons of a landscape or an architectural style. The gautierian hero's residence appears like a space of loneliness. The quest of identity and happiness requires travelling in the elsewhere. The exoticism in the time animates the hero mainly in the fantastic novels. The privileged epochs are the antiquity, the middle ages, the reign of Louis XIII, the XIII and the XIX centuries. In his critic, he is attached to transposing the work of art under the ekphrasis form. His travelogue shows concordances with the descriptions of the novels written later and located in the same countries. Irony and intertextuality characterize the descriptions studded with artistic, literary and mythological references, where the descriptor by creating the artist ‘writing, describes himself describing and destroys the novelistic illusion
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Bennis, Jaouad. "Description et langage descriptif dans le roman "Zaynab" de Muhammad Husayn Haykal : étude stylistique." Aix-Marseille 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992AIX10026.
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La description se manifeste dans le roman zaynah sous deux formes essentielles : le portrait et le chronotope. La methode d'analyse est de caractere stylistique en ce sens qu'elle cherche a delimiter les faits linguistique specifiques au discours descriptif, a les classer et a envisager leur valeur stylistique ainsi que leur fonction par rpport a l'ensemble de l'oeuvre. Cette etude montre que la description peut etre identifiee sur les plans semantique, typographique et linguistique. Elle est denombrable et reflete le point de vue du descripteur. Elle met en oeuvre un langage specifique. Sa specificite apparait notamment dans l'usage du vocabulaire, du temps grammatical et des faits de styleThe novel zaynah provides two basic forms of description : characters portrayal and spatictemporal representation. The aims of our work, a stylistic attempt, is not only to classify and to define the scope of the linguistic features typical of the descriptive discourse - but to study their stylistic value and their functional role in the novel as a whole, as well. This work proves that while the descriptive mode can be identified at three levels: namely, semantics, typography, and linguistics, it is quantitatively listed, too. Generally, the descriptive discourse mirrors the viewpoint of the describer, creating a specific language which brings into play an original handling of vocabulary, tense, and stylistic figures
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Liu, Hongkai. "Computing Updates in Description Logics." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-26699.
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Description Logics (DLs) form a family of knowledge representation formalisms which can be used to represent and reason with conceptual knowledge about a domain of interest. The knowledge represented by DLs is mainly static. In many applications, the domain knowledge is dynamic. This observation motivates the research on how to update the knowledge when changes in the application domain take place. This thesis is dedicated to the study of updating knowledge, more precisely, assertional knowledge represented in DLs. We explore whether the updated knowledge can be expressed in several standard DLs and, if so, whether it is computable and what is its size.
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Kadir, Timor. "Scale, saliency and scene description." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.534189.
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This thesis develops a novel information theoretic methodology addressing three intrinsically related problems in vision: saliency, scale and description. The fundamental principle underpinning the proposed approach is the spatial (un)predictability of image attributes. The thesis is concerned with the Scene Description task — the automatic extraction of a set of robust, relevant, and sufficiently complete semantic descriptions of a scene, for subsequent inference. This task is essential for any application where the efficient and semantic representation of image-based data is necessary, for example data-mining and communications systems. The main challenge in this task is to extract the descriptions without assumptions on the exact nature of the subsequent inferences. Clearly, without prior knowledge the problem is intractable; this thesis addresses the questions : “how much is needed and at what stage need it be applied?” Many approaches to vision tend to concentrate on specific scene entities (or ‘objects’), and hence do not capture a complete description. Those that do tend to be brittle and lack the necessary semantic level of description. Motivated by the work of Gilles (1998) and recent successes of local appearance-based methods, a novel algorithm, called Scale Saliency, for quantifying image region saliency is presented. In this new approach, regions are considered salient if they are simultaneously unpredictable both in some feature and scale-space. Unpredictability is determined as a function of the local PDF, generating a space of saliency values in R3 (x, y and scale), from which features may be extracted by a suitable detection strategy. The technique is a more generic approach to saliency compared to conventional methods, because saliency is defined independent of a particular basis morphology. The method can be made invariant to rotation, translation, non-uniform scaling, and uniform intensity variations and robust to small changes in viewpoint. The algorithm is applied to simple recognition tasks and the features shown to be robust and persistent (hence useful for tracking). The relevance of the scales and the generality of saliency is demonstrated by using the PDF of salient scales to characterise textures; classification and unsupervised segmentation results are presented. A ‘by-product’ of this work is that salient scales themselves make good descriptors of texture. For the texture segmentation experiments, a novel unsupervised Level Set based implementation of Region Competition is developed. The key aspect of this is that it operates on just one surface. Generalised Region Competition evolution equations are presented. Finally, a unified approach to image modelling is proposed based on two scales of spatial unpredictability — the local and the semi-local. Quantifying the unpredictability of image attributes at these two scales enables a space of image models that can represent several different image content types such as blobs, lines, statistical and structural textures in a unified framework.
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McMorrow, Joseph Patrick. "A description of deep silence." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ30192.pdf.
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Ma, Rui. "Error resilient multiple description coding." Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=86757.
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In order to combat channel failures in data communications, multiple description coding (MDC) produces two or more equally important bitstreams or descriptions, and transmits them independently over erasure channels. If only one description is correctly received, a coarse copy of the source is obtained. The more descriptions correctly received, the finer the accomplished quality. When all descriptions are correctly received, the transmitted signal can be completely reconstructed.In this work, we apply MDC to accommodate multimedia transmissions over hybrid wireline-wireless networks, which require low delay and high robustness against both packet losses and bit errors. In addition to the classical MDC channel model, i.e., on/off channels, we study channels that are also suffering from bit errors. Based on this channel model, we design what we call ERMDC or error resilient multiple description coding.
The proposed ERMDC encoder maximizes the Hamming distance between used codewords in MDC, so as to make as many errors as possible detectable at the decoder. In order to reduce the reconstruction distortion, the proposed ERMDC decoder can detect binary transmission errors and estimates their output values in two means: (i) one is MSE-optimal, but requires information about channel conditions; (ii) the other is suboptimal, but does not require channel conditions. The ERMDC achieves graceful performance degradation associated with BERs, and outperforms classic MDC when meeting with both packet losses and bit errors.
In order to avoid long time of design optimization, simplified index assignment (IA) algorithm for easy ERMDC encoder design is developed. This algorithm obtains ``close-to-optimal'' solutions as well as low computational complexity. Furthermore, this IA algorithm can be extended to embedded coding in progressive transmissions.
Moreover, we study performance of the ERMDC over Rayleigh fading channels by utilizing modulated signals as inputs. We also discuss usages of the ERMDC and its system-level performance over channels with both packet losses and bit errors. Experimental results show that, in general, the ERMDC system outperforms classic MDC systems.
Le codage à descriptions multiples (MDC) vise à combattre les effets néfastes des défaillances du canal de transmission; à cette fin, il produit deux (ou plusieurs) flux binaires ou descriptions d'égale importance, qui sont ensuite transmis indépendamment sur des canaux à effacement. Si seulement une des descriptions est reçue correctement, une copie grossière de la source est alors obtenue. Plus le nombre de descriptions reçues correctement augmente, plus la qualité de reproduction augmente. Lorsque toutes les descriptions sont reçues correctement, le signal transmis peut être reconstruit complètement. Dans le présent travail, nous appliquons le MDC au cas de la transmission de multimédia sur des canaux hybrides filaire/sans-fil, qui requiert d'atteindre un délai faible et une grande robustesse vis-à-vis des pertes de paquets et des erreurs binaires. Au-delà du modèle classique de canal MDC (de type « on/off »), nous étudions des canaux qui créent des erreurs individuelles sur les bits transmis. En se basant sur ce modèle de canal, nous concevons ce que nous appelons ERMDC, pour codage à descriptions multiples résistant aux erreurs. Le codeur ERMDC proposé ici maximise la distance de Hamming entre les mots-codes du MDC, de manière à permettre au décodeur de détecter autant d'erreurs que possible. Afin de réduire la distorsion à la reconstruction, le décodeur ERMDC proposé ici a la capacité de détecter les erreurs de transmission binaires, et peut estimer les échantillons à reconstruire de deux façons : (i) l'une est optimale au sens de la distorsion quadratique moyenne, mais requiert la connaissance d'informations à propos de l'état du canal; (ii) l'autre est sous-optimale, mais ne nécessite pas cette connaissance. Le système ERMDC permet d'obtenir une dégradation graduelle de performance en fonction du taux d'erreur binaire (BER), et offre des performances supérieures au MDC classique dans le cas où les pertes de
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Mortimer, Victoria G. "Image description and image comparison." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.400340.
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Ilyenko, Kostyantyn. "Twistor description of null strings." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.301181.
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Shearer, Robert D. C. "Scalable reasoning for description logics." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:d7c4fbf6-4258-4db4-a451-476dcebe68ca.
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Description logics (DLs) are knowledge representation formalisms with well-understood model-theoretic semantics and computational properties. The DL SROIQ provides the logical underpinning for the semantic web language OWL 2, which is quickly becoming the standard for knowledge representation on the web. A central component of most DL applications is an efficient and scalable reasoner, which provides services such as consistency testing and classification. Despite major advances in DL reasoning algorithms over the last decade, however, ontologies are still encountered in practice that cannot be handled by existing DL reasoners. We present a novel reasoning calculus for the description logic SROIQ which addresses two of the major sources of inefficiency present in the tableau-based reasoning calculi used in state-of-the-art reasoners: unnecessary nondeterminism and unnecessarily large model sizes. Further, we describe a new approach to classification which exploits partial information about the subsumption relation between concept names to reduce both the number of individual subsumption tests performed and the cost of working with large ontologies; our algorithm is applicable to the general problem of deducing a quasi-ordering from a sequence of binary comparisons. We also present techniques for extracting partial information about the subsumption relation from the models generated by constructive DL reasoning methods, such as our hypertableau calculus. Empirical results from a prototypical implementation demonstrate substantial performance improvements compared to existing algorithms and implementations.
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Marley, Dawn. "A sociolinguistic description of Perpignan." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1991. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/10926/.
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This thesis reports on a research project conducted in Perpignan in 1988. The object of the project was to discover and describe the varieties of language present in the town, patterns of language use and language attitudes among inhabitants. Perpignan has been part of France and therefore officially French-speaking for over three hundred years, but it is historically a Catalan-speaking town, and Catalan is still spoken there, although it is now a minority language. Several other minority languages are also spoken, due to the presence of immigrant communities, most notably Spanish, Portuguese and Arab. The research took the form of a questionnaire survey, used with a representative sample of the population. The major part of the thesis consists of a presentation of the findings of the survey. It presents the responses of the sample as a whole, and then discusses in greater detail the responses of each ethno-linguistic group. The survey revealed that Catalan, the historically indigenous language of the region, is quite widely known, but little used. 54.5% of the sampled population claim some knowledge of this language, but only 19.2% actually use it regularly. The majority of the sample seems to be well-disposed towards the language on a cultural level, yet see little or no use for it in practical terms. Use of and attitudes towards other minority languages are also discussed, with particular reference to Spanish, Portuguese and Arab immigrants. The study reveals a great linguistic diversity in Perpignan, and a number of conflicting movements and attitudes relating to those languages. There is a widespread feeling that it is inevitable and even necessary that all inhabitants of the town should become monolingual French speakers, yet at the same time there is an awareness of the value of maintaining minority languages, expressed mainly in attitudes towards Catalan.
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Amyot, Denis. "Pour une description de bon." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/10007.
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La présente recherche s’inscrit dans le cadre des travaux actuellement en cours à l’Université de Sherbrooke, c'est-à-dire la rédaction de fiches prédictionnairiques, étape préliminaire à la constitution d'un dictionnaire. Essentiellement, ces travaux consistent à décrire le sens des vocables à partir de la banque de données de l'Université, aussi appelée le Corpus de Sherbrooke. Pour le faire de façon adéquate, nous nous soumettrons à quelques règles, qui nous imposeront une certaine façon de faire les définitions et de les lier, afin de structurer l'article de dictionnaire. Petit mot court et d'apparence banale — puisque du point de vue morphologique et phonologique il répond à ce qui est attendu en genre (il s'accorde) et en nombre (il est invariable sauf à l’écrit) — il se classe au 64e rang des mots les plus utilisés tel qu'en fait foi le Dictionnaire de fréquence des mots du français parlé au Québec, qui analyse un corpus constitué de 1 000 000 d'occurrences et de 11 327 vocables différents. Son indice de dispersion (D) 90,57 pour une fréquence (F) de 2 360 occurrences détermine un indice d'usage (U) de 2 137,4. Cela démontre d'une part qu'on le retrouve équitablement dans chacune des 10 tranches différentes de 100 000 occurrences - c'est-à-dire aussi bien à l’oral qu'à l’écrit — et d'autre part, vu sa haute fréquence, qu'il constitue un des vocables les plus utiles à connaître. [...]
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Frota, DÃbora Farias. "A Description Logic for Default." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2011. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=7649.
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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel SuperiorA formalizaÃÃo do conhecimento e a automatizaÃÃo do raciocÃnio sÃo assuntos centrais de pesquisa da InteligÃncia Articial. A LÃgica de Primeira Ordem tem sido tradicionalmente utilizada para tais propÃsitos. No entanto, ela à mais adequada para lidar com conhecimento completo em circunstÃncias ideais. Em situaÃÃes reais, nas quais o conhecimento à parcial, a LÃgica de Primeira Ordem nÃo à suciente. LÃgicas nÃo-monotÃnicas tÃm sido propostas para melhor lidar com o raciocÃnio prÃtico. Uma formalizaÃÃo do raciocÃnio nÃo-monotÃnico bem-sucedida à a LÃgica Default de Reiter que estende a LÃgica de Primeira Ordem com regras default. Infelizmente, a LÃgica Default à indecidÃvel. Nesta dissertaÃÃo, propomos uma LÃgica de DescriÃÃo Default expressiva o suciente para formalizar o raciocÃnio prÃtico sobre bases de conhecimento. Ela tem como base monotÃnica a LÃgica de DescriÃÃo ALC. Adicionamos algumas restriÃÃes à aplicaÃÃo dos defaults a m de obter propriedades interessantes, tais como a coerÃncia e a eliminaÃÃo de extensÃes anÃmalas. Apresentamos os principais algoritmos usados para construir uma extensÃo com um passo-a-passo e suas anÃlise de complexidade.
Knowledge formalization and reasoning automatization are central within Articial Intelligence. First Order Logic has been traditionally used for such purposes. However, it is better suited to deal with complete knowledge in ideal circumstances. In real situations, in which the knowledge is partial, First Order Logic is not sucient. Nonmonotonic logics have been proposed to better cope with practical reasoning. A successful formalization of nonmonotonic reasoning is the Reiter's default logic which extends classical logic with default rules. Unfortunately, default logic is undecidable. In this work, we propose a description default logic expressible enough to formalize practical reasoning in knowledge bases. It has as its monotonic basis the ALC Description Logic. We add some restrictions to the application of defaults in order to obtain nice properties such as coherence and the elimination of anomalous extensions. We present the main algorithms used to build an extension with a step by step complexity analysis.
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Zavoni, Ntondo. "Eléments de description du ngangela." Lyon 2, 2003. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2003/zavoni_n.
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Cette étude donne une esquisse de la phonologie, de la majeure partie de la morphologie et de la syntaxe du ngangela, variété parlée à Kuvango (Sud-est de l'Angola) et classée K b12 par M. Guthrie. Elle comporte trois chapitres. Dans le premier chapitre, elle étudie les unités phonologiques de la langue sur le plan segmental et donne un aperçu sur le statut du système prosodique et sur sa morphophonologie segmentale. Dans le deuxième chapitre, elle aborde l'étude des morphèmes qui s'associent aux lexèmes nominal, verbal, adjectival et aux référents. Le troisième chapitre, consaré à la syntaxe, aborde les mécanismes de détermination. Il présente également les phrases à prédicat verbal et phrases sans prédicat verbal. Enfin, il dégage le type spécifique de construction passive et les mécanismes de topicalisation et de focalisation en usage dans la langueThis study deals with the structure of ngangela, Bantu language (k b12), spoken in Kuvango (South-eastern of Angola). In the first chapter, it studies the phonological units at segmental level of the language and examines briefly the tonal units. It analyses also the segmental morph phonological units. The second chapter is devoted to the morphemic study of the constitutive of the noun, the verb, the adjective and the determiners. The third chapter deals with the syntactic features of the language, particularly the determination mechanism and the way it works. It also presents the basic sentence structure of he language, the predication (both nominal and verbal), the topicalization and focalisation processes and the specific kind of passive construction (pseudo-passive construction) in the language
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Pham, Tuan Minh. "Description formelle de propriétés géométriques." Nice, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NICE4115.
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La géométrie synthétique, aussi parfois appelée géométrie axiomatique, s’intéresse purement aux objets géométriques. En reposant sur des axiomes et des théorèmes qui mettent en relation les concepts de base de la géométrie, elle permet de mettre en valeur les propriétés géométriques pendant les preuves mathématiques. Cette thèse se concentre sur les propriétés géométriques et leur description dans le système de preuve Coq. Les deux résultats principaux sont une bibliothèque de descriptions formelles et une extension du système de preuve pour permettre une interaction directe avec les objets géométriques pendant les preuves. La première partie présente notre formalisation de la géométrie euclidienne basée sur la géométrie affine. Nous approchons les notions, les propriétés et les théorèmes dans un style similaire à celui utilisé dans l’enseignement au lycée. Notre développement améliore le développement fourni précédemment par F. Guilhot en éliminant les axiomes inutiles, en fournissant des définitions mieux appropriées pour certains objets géométriques, et en reformalisant leurs propriétés. La deuxième partie s’intéresse à la question de l’orientation dans le plan. Cela permet d’enlever certaines ambiguïtés dans la présentation des objets géométriques et d’énoncer des problèmes de géométrie « ordonnée » et des les prouver. La troisième partie d’intéresse à des questions de fondement. En particulier, nous montrons que les systèmes d’axiomes de Hilbert et Tarski peuvent être modélisés dans notre système. Nous montrons également que notre système d’axiome peut supporter les outils de preuve automatique basés sur la méthode des aires ou sur les bases de Gröbner. Le travail sur les bases de Gröbner a été effectué en collaboration avec J. Narboux. La quatrième partie présente une combinaison de l’outil de preuve formel Coq avec l’outil de géométrie dynamique GeoGebra, en se reposant sur l’interface d’utilisation pour Coq développée en Java et appelée Pcoq. Le résultat de cette combinaison permet aux utilisateurs d’effectuer facilement des raisonnements géométriques dans le style de la géométrie du lycée, interactivement et avec le support d’une autre interface graphique. Ceci montre comment un système de preuve pourrait être utilisé en éducationSynthetic geometry, sometimes also called axiomatic geometry, deals purely with geometric objects. Relying on axioms and theorem relating the basic concepts of geometry makes it possible to highlight the geometrical properties during proofs. This thesis concentrates on geometrical properties and their description in the Coq proof assistant. The two main results of this thesis are a library of formal descriptions and a proof system extension to interact directly with geometrical objects during proofs. The first part presents our formalization of Euclidean geometry based on affine geometry. We approach notions, properties and theorems in a style similar to what is taught in high school. This development improves on the library developed by F. Guilhot by eliminating needless axioms, giving more appropriate definitions for some geometric notions and re-formalizing their properties. The second part deals with the notion of orientation in the plane. It allows us to remove ambiguities in the presentation of geometric objects and state and solve ordered geometry problems. The third part deals with foundations. In particular, we show that the axiom systems of Hilbert and Tarski can be described on top of ours. We also show that automatic proof methods like the area method and Gröbner bases can be integrated. The work on the area method was performed jointly with J. Narboux. The fourth part presents a combination of the Coq formal proof tool and the Geogebra dynamic geometry tool. This is based on the java-based user-interface for Coq Named Pcoq. This combination allows users to easily perform geometry reasoning as taught in high school and in a interactive manner with the support of a graphic interface. This shows how a proof system could be used in education
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Leal, Anamary. "Negotiating Material Description Through Technology." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/78814.
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Designers and non-designers alike often describe fabric in ways that are markedly different or unclear. For example, two designers might attribute qualities such as ``heavy'' to a material, but actually mean completely different things, despite using the same words. This ambiguity in description becomes more prominent when the designer has to make sense of the fabric remotely, such as shopping online.
This ambiguity in description presets an opportunity to study user interface design that supports, rather than diminishes, the role of ambiguity, which is often a resource in design domains. Our most important research question was: How can we design interfaces with standard interface toolkits to help designers explore and understand material remotely?
For our approach, we studied how people described distinct fabrics, from experts, novices, to everyday people and the crowdsourcing community on how they interpret fabrics. We applied that information to designs that communicated materiality and ambiguity in various ways, and studied how interfaces affected a user's process of exploring materials and negotiating the meaning of materiality.
The most important findings are user interface guidelines that apply to designing technology any domain focused on description and ambiguity, such as design domains. Such design guidelines include: (1) the importance to communicate distinctions between description and category, (2) The role of ambiguity in design, while well-supported in the literature, is a value not shared among all practitioners, and (3) a better understanding of the different ways users negotiate with description and make sense of material remotely.Ph. D.
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Botha, Leonard. "DevelopinThe Bayesian Description Logic BALC." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29350.
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Description Logics (DLs) that support uncertainty are not as well studied as their crisp alternatives. This limits their application in many real world domains, which often require reasoning about uncertain or contradictory information. In this thesis we present the Bayesian Description Logic BALC, which takes existing work on Bayesian Description Logics and applies it to the classical Description Logic ALC. We define five reasoning problems for BALC; two versions of concept satisfiability (called total and partial respectively), knowledge base consistency, three subsumption problems (positive subsumption, p-subsumption, exact subsumption), instance checking, and the most likely context problem. Consistency, satisfiability, and instance checking have not previously been studied in the context of contextual Bayesian DLs and as such this is new work. We then go on to provide algorithms that solve all of these reasoning problems, with the exception of the most likely context problem. We found that all reasoning problems in BALC are in the same complexity class as their classical variants, provided that the size of the Bayesian Network is included in the size of the knowledge base. That is, all reasoning problems mentioned above (excluding most likely context) are exponential in the size of the knowledge base and the size of the Bayesian Network.
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Bassene, Alain-Christian. "Description du Joola Banjal (Sénégal)." Lyon 2, 2006. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2006/bassene_ac.
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Cette thèse présente une description générale et aussi complète que possible de la grammaire du jóola banjal, langue atlantique parlée par environ 7. 000 locuteurs en Casamance, au sud-ouest du Sénégal. Cette description passe en revue la phonologie, la morphophonologie, la morphologie et la syntaxe, d’un point de vue typologique et fonctionnel. Le jóola banjal compte deux types de voyelles selon le trait ±ATR et une structure syllabique de forme (C)V(C(C)). C’est une langue à classes nominales dans laquelle adjectifs, pronoms, démonstratifs, interrogatifs et verbes sont soumis à l’accord en classe imposé par le substantif. Cet accord se manifeste par la répétition du préfixe de classe devant chaque élément en relation syntaxique avec ce dernier. La présence de l’indice de sujet est généralement obligatoire, même en présence d’un constituant sujet. La partie syntaxique est organisée selon les rubriques suivantes : la prédication non verbale, les modifications de la valence verbale, l’expression de la localisation et du déplacement, les formes verbales non finies, la phrase complexe, la topicalisation, la focalisation et l’interrogation. D’une manière générale, le jóola banjal ne présente pas de particularités typologiques exceptionnelles par rapport aux langues les plus connues du groupe atlantique. Néanmoins, son étude offre des informations utiles pour une meilleure connaissance des langues atlantiques et pour leur étude comparativeThis dissertation presents a general description, as complete as possible, of Jóola Banjal, an Atlantic language spoken by almost 7,000 speakers in Casamance, in the South-west of Senegal. This description consists of a study of phonology, morphophonology, morphology, and syntax, in a typological and functional approach. Jóola Banjal has two types of vowels according to ±ATR feature and a syllabic structure of form (C)V(C(C)). It is a noun class language in which adjectives, pronouns, demonstratives, interrogatives and verbs agree in class with nouns. This agreement is marked by the prefixation of a class marker to every element in syntactic relation with the noun. The presence of the subject marker is generally obligatory, even when the subject noun is present. The syntactic part of the description is organized along the following topics: non verbal predication, changing valency, encoding location and motion, non-finite verb forms, complex constructions, topicalization, focalization, and interrogation. Generally speaking, Jóola Banjal does not present exceptional typological characteristics with regard to the best-known Atlantic languages. Nevertheless, its study provides information useful for a better knowledge of the Atlantic languages and for comparative studies
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Martin, Jean-Pascal. "Description sémiotique de contenus audiovisuels." Paris 11, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA112297.
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Trois catégories d'éléments de description du contenu sont nécessaires pour la description d'un Document AudioVisuel (DAV) : les objets montrés, les procédés de mise en image et les relations diégétiques. L'identification des relations diégétiques (ie celles de l'univers spatio-temporel désigné par le récit) ne peut être automatisée. Les formalismes de la communauté utilisent des descripteurs sémantiques difficiles à sélectionner puisqu'ils dépendent d'éléments contextuels interprétés d'après des connaissances élaborées. Nous choisissons de garder l'homme dans la chaîne d'indexation pour répondre à ce constat. Deux éléments de réponse sont fournis. Premièrement, nous proposons une méthode d'indexation sémiotique fondée sur l'identification et l'explicitation des signes réifiés lors de l'analyse. Pour cela, nous définissions le signe tétraédrique qui est une représentation cognitive composée nécessairement d'un signifié et d'un signifiant et éventuellement de référents intensionnels et extensionnels. Nous définissions ensuite l'interprétation comme une réécriture sémiotique. Les graphes de signes sont proposés comme corrélats de l'activité mentale et peuvent être opérationnalisés par des schémas (RDF+OWL) servant d'extension à MPEG-7. Deuxièmement, nous préconisons un modèle d'interaction opérative entre l'homme et le système outillant la réification de l'interprétation. Une plateforme pour la construction de graphes de signes fondée sur le paradigme multi-agents permet la construction dynamique et négociée de signes exprimés selon une syntaxe et une grammaire fournie. Des schémas d'interprétation fournissent aux agents des micros interprétations activables en contexteThree categories of descriptors are necessary to describe an audiovisual content: objects shown, processes used for film direction, and diegetic relations. The identification of the diegetic relations (those of the space-time continuum of the narration) cannot be automated. The formalisms used by the community exploit semantic descriptors that are difficult to select since they depend on contextual elements interpreted according to sophisticated knowledge. We choose to keep the human in the center of indexation's process. Two kinds of answers are provided. First, we propose a method of semiotic indexing based on the identification and the clarification of the signs that are reified at the time of the analysis. For that, we define the tetrahedral sign as a cognitive representation necessarily made up of one meant and of one meaning and possibly intensional and extensional referents. We define then the process of interpretation as a semiotic rewriting. We propose a formalism for graphs of signs (expressed with RDF+OWL schema integrated as extensions of MPEG-7) to represent the mental activity of interpretation. Second, we recommend a model of operative interaction between the man and the system that makes the reification of interpretation easier. A platform for the construction of graphs of signs based on the multi-agents paradigm allows dynamic and negotiated construction signs. Those signs are expressed according to provided syntax and grammar. Diagrams of interpretation provide to the agents micro-interpretations that may be activated in context
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Guillot, Jordan. "Polymédication chronique : description et risque." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021BORD0012.
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La polymédication est définie comme l’administration de nombreux médicaments de façon simultanée ou comme l’administration d’un nombre excessif de médicaments. L’objectif général de la thèse était de décrire la polymédication chronique et le risque associé à partir des bases de données médico-administratives. Un indicateur de description de la polymédication chronique, défini par l’usage concomitant et chronique de 5 médicaments ou plus, a été développé pour décrire la prévalence et les médicaments impliqués. À partir des données de l’Assurance Maladie Française, nous avons estimé que la polymédication chronique concernait plus de 5 % des français de tout âge, et impliquait majoritairement les médicaments cardiovasculaires. Afin d’approfondir la caractérisation de la polymédication chronique, une description de la part potentiellement inappropriée a été conduite en utilisant les données de l’Assurance Maladie Française et de la Veterans Health Administration aux États-Unis. À partir de ces données nous avons estimé que la part inappropriée de la polymédication chronique était majeure puisque concernant, en France, 65 % des sujets âgés (≥ 65 ans) et 46 % des sujets d’âge moyen (45-64 ans), et aux États-Unis, 67 % des vétérans. Les inhibiteurs de la pompe à proton, les médicaments psychiatriques et les médicaments du diabète étaient les médicaments potentiellement inappropriés les plus fréquents. La polymédication, qu’elle soit appropriée ou non est un facteur de risque de mortalité. Chez les vétérans américains nous avons montré que la polymédication chronique et les médicaments potentiellement inappropriés augmentaient le risque de décèsPolypharmacy is defined as the administration of many drugs at the same time or as the administration of an excessive number of drugs. The main objective of this thesis was to describe chronic polypharmacy and the associated risk, from medico-administrative databases. A specific indicator of chronic polypharmacy, defined by five or more concomitant and chronic drug uses, was developed to describe the prevalence and the involved drugs. Based on data from the National French Health Insurance, we estimated that chronic polypharmacy concerned more than 5% of all aged French individuals, and involved mainly cardiovascular drugs. To further describe chronic polypharmacy, a description of inappropriateness was carried out using data from the National French Health Insurance and the United States Veterans Health Administration. We estimated that the inappropriateness of chronic polypharmacy was major. It concerned 65% of French older adults (≥ 65 years old), 46% of French middle-aged adults (45-64 years old) in France, and 67% of American veterans. Proton pump inhibitors, psychiatric drugs and diabetes drugs were the most common potentially inappropriate medications. Furthermore, we have shown that chronic polypharmacy, whether appropriate or not, is associated with increased mortality. In American veterans, chronic polypharmacy and potentially inappropriate medications both increased the risk of all-cause death
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Chaumont-André, Marlyse. "La Description chez Barbey d'Aurevilly." Toulouse 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988TOU20030.
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L'objet de l'etude est la description chez barbey d'aurevilly telle qu'elle apparait a travers les romans et les nouvelles. La premiere partie etudie les differents types de description et constate son role essentiel dans l'atmosphere et le decor de l'oeuvre litteraire. Remarquables par leurs marquages, ces descriptions s'appuient chez l'auteur sur une repetitivite importante tant dans les structures que dans les themes. Completement integree a la narration, la description profite des modalites mises en place dans un recit parfaitement elabore et joue avec les differentes techniques employees par l'auteur: de la superposition des vois narratives qui prennent en charge tel ou tel materiel descriptif, aux lacunes de l'enonce, qui par defaut deviennent significatives. Le fantastique qui apparait dans l'oeuvre nait lui-meme de cette longue et minutieuse elaboration, si bien que le texte aurevillien, en fin de compte ne renvoie a rien d'autre qu'a lui-meme. Par un systeme d'echo, de renvoi, d'exces ou de manques, la description participe pleinement au recit, elle est parfois meme le recit et on constate ainsi que chez barbey d'aurevilly le programme anecdotique correspond au programme structuralThe aim of this study of the work of barbey d'aurevilly is the art of description as it appears in his novels and short stories. The first part deals with the various types of description and establishes its vital role within the atmosphere and setting of the literary novel. Outstanding by their vividness, these descriptions rely largely on repetition both in the general framework as in the themes. Completely integrated into the narrative, the descriptions exploit certain forms used in a perfectly elaborated account and juggle with the various techniques used by the author: from the superimposition of the narrative voice which governs such and such descriptive material, to the scarcity of bald statements which by their absence are all the more significant. The fantastic which emerges from the work is born from this self-same meticulous development, so much so that the aurevillian text in fact refers to nothing save itself. By an echo system of back and forward referencing, of excess or absence, description participates fully in the narrative and is sometimes the narrative itself. We thus establish that in barbey d'aurevilly's work, detail is inherent to the structure
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Ke, Peihong. "Nonmonotonic Reasoning with Description Logics." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.532220.
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Chaumont-André, Marlyse. "La Description chez Barbey d'Aurevilly." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37611236c.
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Zavoni, Ntondo Creissels Denis. "Eléments de description du ngangela." Lyon : Université Lumière Lyon 2, 2003. http://demeter.univ-lyon2.fr:8080/sdx/theses/lyon2/2003/zavoni_n.
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Bassene, Alain-Christian Creissels Denis. "Description du Joola Banjal (Sénégal)." Lyon : Université Lumière Lyon 2, 2006. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/2006/bassene_ac.
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Lo, I.-Lung. "Data flow description with VHLD." Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 1990. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA246211.
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Thesis (M.S. in Electrical Engineering)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 1990.Thesis Advisor(s): Lee, Chin-Hwa Second Reader: Cotton, Mitchell L. "December 1990." Description based on title screen as viewed on April 1, 2010. DTIC Identifier(s): Computer Aided Design, High Level Languages, Computerized Simulation, Theses, VHSIC (Very High Speed Integrated Circuits), VHDL (VHSIC Hardware Description Language). Author(s) subject terms: W-4 Computer, PC, TAR, RAM, ACC, ALU, B_REG, IR, Controller, Test_Bench, VHDL. Includes bibliographical references (p. 113). Also available in print.
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Wang, Zhe. "Ontology Evolution in Description Logics." Thesis, Griffith University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/368118.
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Ontologies are widely used in knowledge intensive applications such as health care, bioinformatics and the Semantic Web to provide shared languages for describing underlying
domains. Ontologies are often modelled using description logics to provide succinct and
expressive formalisms, well-defined semantics and efficient reasoning methods. The design
and management of large complex ontologies in practice are often considered as life cycles,
which raise the need for well-defined, efficient, and automated methods and tools to support
ontology evolution over time. However, ontology evolution is difficult, as naive methods
for ontology evolution may introduce incorrect semantics and even inconsistencies. Consequently, ontology evolution is poorly supported by the existing editing and reasoning tools.
In this dissertation, we develop several new methods for ontology evolution, using description
logics as underlying formalisms. We focus on two important ontology evolution
operations: ontology reduction and ontology extension. These two operations correspond to
the removal and addition of knowledge in ontologies, respectively, and both have important
applications in ontology engineering.
We define an ontology reduction operator, (model-based) forgetting, by adapting classical
forgetting to description logics. Our forgetting operator is capable of eliminating terms
from an ontology and reformulating the remaining axioms in a way that preserves the semantics of the remaining terms. In this sense, forgetting is more powerful than the existing
module extraction approaches. We also introduce a parameterized definition of forgetting,
called query-based forgetting, as a general framework that captures both forgetting and uniform interpolation in description logics.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Information and Communication Technology
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
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Amin, Mahrous Ahmed Fahmy. "Description." Thesis, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/22729.
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McHale, Kathleen. "Description of light." Thesis, 1991. http://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/5909/1/MM68713.pdf.
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Hsu, Han-chiang, and 徐漢強. "Creation Description of ." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/04437685860378668308.
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碩士世新大學
廣播電視電影學研究所(含碩專班)
99
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Wu, Kejia. "Parallelizing Description Logic Reasoning." Thesis, 2014. http://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/978440/1/Wu_PhD_S2014.pdf.
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Description Logic has become one of the primary knowledge representation and reasoning methodologies during the last twenty years. A lot of areas are benefiting from description logic based technologies. Description logic reasoning algorithms and a number of optimization techniques for them play an important role and have been intensively researched.
However, few of them have been systematically investigated in a concurrency context in spite of multi-processor computing facilities growing up. Meanwhile, semantic web, an application domain of description logic, is producing vast knowledge data on the Internet, which needs to be dealt with by using scalable solutions. This situation requires description logic reasoners to be endowed with reasoning scalability.
This research introduced concurrent computing in two aspects: classification, and tableau-based description logic reasoning.
Classification is a core description logic reasoning service. Over more than two decades many research efforts have been devoted to optimizing classification. Those classification optimization algorithms have shown their pragmatic effectiveness for sequential processing. However, as concurrent computing becomes widely available, new classification algorithms that are well suited to parallelization need to be developed. This need is further supported by the observation that most available OWL reasoners, which are usually based on tableau reasoning, can only utilize a single processor. Such an inadequacy often leads users working in ontology development to frustration, especially if their ontologies are complex and require long processing times.
Classification service finds out all named concept subsumption relationships entailed in a knowledge base. Each subsumption test enrolls two concepts and is independent of the others. At most n^2 subsumption tests are needed for a knowledge base which contains n concepts. As the first contribution of this research, we developed an algorithm and a corresponding architecture showing that reasoning scalability can be gained by using concurrent computing.
Further, this research investigated how concurrent computing can increase performance of tableau-based description logic reasoning algorithms. Tableau-based description logic reasoning decides a problem by constructing an AND-OR tree. Before this research, some research has shown the effectiveness of parallelizing processing disjunction branches of a tableau expansion tree. Our research has shown how reasoning scalability can be gained by processing conjunction branches of a tableau expansion tree.
In addition, this research developed an algorithm, merge classification, that uses a divide and conquer strategy for parallelizing classification. This method applies concurrent computing to the more efficient classification algorithm, top-search & bottom-search, which has been adopted as a standard procedure for classification. Reasoning scalability can be observed in a number of real world cases by using this algorithm.
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Chiang, Shu-ting, and 江淑婷. "Creation Description of "Animagemalanguage"." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/7q75vv.
Full textAbstract:
碩士世新大學
廣播電視電影學研究所(含碩專班)
96
The film Animagemalanguage, which connects “animal”, “image” and “language”, is an experimental film that tries to make animals as Subjects of discourse. It emphasizes the destruction of customs on human language usage, also it uses the non-human/animal-images as connectors of meaning. This paper is the creative description of the film Animagemalanguage. The creative motive involves with my personal background of being with animals, also the idea of “non-anthropocentrism”. In this paper, the main creative concept focus on the Subject Discourse between Human and Animal-Other in Contemporary Western Thoughts, including Evolutionism, Jacques Lacan’s idea about Subjectivity, Jacques Derrida’s views on Animals, and the theory of Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari’s “de-territorialization” and “becoming-animal”. Moreover, the paper discusses how animals were presented from the beginning of cinema, in order to find a place for this film in history context. By the uses of crossover between genres and media forms, and multi-juxtaposition editing, the film tries to express a multi-connections and co-existence relations in nature. The use of “Re-production Images” represents the environmental protection ideas of Art’s recycling, and the opposition to commodification of Nature. The film connects origins of human and cinema, showing the evolutional process of life and cinema by using rapid editing of single-frame images, furthermore, using the aesthetic characteristics of digital media to reveal the destructions of Nature that caused by industrialization, urbanization, and development of technology. As one of modern city inhabitants, when facing raptures and isolations of Nature, it is like being in a dream where all memories were lost, and there’s no place you could hide.
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LEE, CHUN-HONG, and 李俊宏. "Creation Description of “nochoice”." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/24j76r.
Full textAbstract:
碩士世新大學
廣播電視電影學研究所(含碩專班)
101
My short film “nochoice” is based on a true story about my friend. In December 2007, a woman who went into a hardware store, picked up a knife on the shelf and stabbed herself in the heart directly. She died on the spot without last words but left only her friends and family in astonishment. I keep thinking about the reason for her to choose this extreme way to die and how her family and friends would face it. Based on a true event, as an author who continuously focuses on the “suicide” subject, I try to deconstruct the psychological state of her last day without the intent to explore the truth but through the long follow takes and real-time movie experiences. While using both digital and film images, and with the title cards that deliver the “suicide note” context, I reconstruct a time and space that could intersects the life and death. Simultaneously, to carry out a romantic but misplaced communication between Yin-Yang. Is “suicide” can be chosen? Or is it a force to choose? I hope to show that even the industry and technology are well developed that we used to concern people by using Internet but most of the time, we need a real hug and real talk rather than a network message. The main subject of my short film “nochoice” is about people’s anxiety of existence. And for those orphans of suicide, how they face the non-existence of the dead, heal over and bid farewell to them.
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Chao, Chung-Kan, and 趙崇侃. "Creation Description of“Missing”." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/yzjtn9.
Full textAbstract:
碩士崑山科技大學
視覺傳達設計研究所
102
The creation of ”Missing” is describing the feeling of missing by author’s experience, adapted into a 3D computer animated story, describing a mother who is thinking her family. On the plot, the author explores the emotional expression of bereavement, and integrates the bereaved psychological change process, grief behavior and the study of the dream's display manner of the animation into the creation. Through these, the creation conveys the emotion of missing the family.
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Tsai, Sing-yan, and 蔡幸諺. "Creation Description of “Journey”." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/4hgwgb.
Full textAbstract:
碩士世新大學
廣播電視電影學研究所(含碩專班)
102
"Journey" is an autobiography. The story began with the time when I went to Taipei for study without contact with my mom anymore. Until one day, Mom and Uncle showed up in my school without notice. Persuaded by Uncle, I finally agreed to go home with Mom. On the way home, it appeared that my relationship with Mom was distant, while sometimes it was close. It implicitly disclosed the reason why Mom showed up in Taipei suddenly and the reason why I resisted keeping in touch with her. "Journey"originated from the idea of my family film " Home ", created in my graduate school period. I tried to reexamine the meanings and connections of all my works, including " Dream ", " Return to the city " and " Journey"". Finally, I wish to tell everyone through words and images - fear is temporary only if we accept it without avoidance; then we are able to reach the real happiness. The current work was sponsored by the Public TV for Life Story in 2011, and the Cultural Bureau of New Taipei City and Hsin-Chu County, respectively, in 2013. The film was shoot with HD from Taipei to Hsin- Chu for 10 days at the end of September 2012. The essay of "Journey" includes the origin, the type and the literature review of this work as well as analysis of the content, discussions of family films, narrative therapy, film styles, executive methods, conclusions and suggestions.
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Hsu, Li-fu, and 許力夫. "Creation Description of “Corrosion”." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/hehef6.
Full textAbstract:
碩士世新大學
廣播電視電影學研究所(含碩專班)
103
This paper is based on the film Corrosion. The paper first discusses the conceptions of the theme(Multiple Personality Disorder，MPD) and aesthetics(German Expressionism and film noir) in theory from inspiration of film making, topic, and genre. The second part of the paper focuses on the script and aesthetic analysis. The paper discusses the characters, narration structure, and symbolic meaning in script. In aesthetic analysis, the paper covers the mise-en-scène and photography of the film. The third part, the paper illustrates the making of film. And the final part is the examination of the film making process and conclusion. From conceptions to visualization, the paper systematically demonstrates and analyzes the process in creation of Corrosion.
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Chen, Chun-Wei, and 陳俊瑋. "Creation Description of "V.H.S."." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/25yebs.
Full textAbstract:
碩士世新大學
廣播電視電影學研究所(含碩專班)
103
" V.H.S " is a description of a strange event occurred in VHS rental store , is a B-class production, from the capital, scene, special make up is the creation of low-budget movie. Background is VHS, LD in the market almost disappeared, Blu-ray Disc is popular, and because in the 21st century, this time, the storage medium change speed is too fast, so that the disc is in a non-entity on the upcoming facing popular network, and cloud-substituted an awkward situation. This article touches Cult Film, B Movie and beyond, on the other hand on the " V.H.S " Readme creation, so that the viewer can have some imagination and a link to this film's creative context. B Movies and Cult Film is the audience most often confuse the two terms, in this discussion the two terms of the difference between doing a more effective manner, and to provide some examples of movies, for example, will be more clear understanding of the B Movies and Cult Film where the real difference lies in the definition. " V.H.S " is the author discusses the creation of the past few years to accumulate viewing experience, as well as how to create " V.H.S " process as a unified whole.
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Han, Xiu-Yu, and 韓修宇. "Creation Description of “Silhouette”." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/ut8453.
Full textAbstract:
碩士世新大學
廣播電視電影學研究所(含碩專班)
103
Silhouette is a short film exploring equality and love which revolves around a blind father Hsu Hsiang and his albino daughter Hsiao-Li, Hsiang By means of their conflicts and comparisons with other families, in addition to external physical differences which are extending further to ideologies and the stress we must face from competition and comparisons, we explore that, in what seems like the affluent age of democracy under capitalism, we in fact feel less free and less content. The essential cause comes from the discrepancies brought on by the comparison of class and wealth. As such, I hope to find equality from difference based on the story of Silhouette. Swiss psychologist Carl Gustav Jung considered shadows an aspect of human psychology incompatible with the self and an additional drive which it refuses to recognize and acknowledge. Shadows can appear within dreams as the image of some individuals, often a reaction in one’s subconscious, and are impulsively and uncontrollably expressed through language and action. While shadows have no voice, they can be seen as one’s subconscious. Jung categorizes shadows as positive and negative, which are divided within our subconscious. Under the support of Jung’s theory, I propose that “in the shadows, we are all equal,” and it is hoped that “prejudice” can be eradicated. Only through profound understanding of others can the occurrence of prejudice be reduced. What does “shadows” really mean? How much do we understand regarding “equality?” By creating Silhouette, I hope that the significance of shadows in life can be explained through these obscure shadows. People always suppress their emotions within the subconscious in the hope to abide by expectations projected on us by society or others. Only through embracing our obscure sides can we become better people.
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CHOU, SHANG-TING, and 周尚廷. "Creation Description of “Chrysalis”." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/nv9rfc.
Full textAbstract:
碩士世新大學
廣播電視電影學研究所(含碩專班)
104
" Chrysalis " is a nonfiction film mainly rely on space supplemented by labor. It used a nearly indifferent photography style to capture the realistic condition and looks of those who works inside the domed stadium.Through observation and profile, it reflects the uncertainty and helpless of them. This study is center on the context and development of documentary to verify the affects on creator himself. Taking personal point of view and background to cut in, and describe the narrative structure, photography, sounds and those element which construct this nonfiction film.
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PI, CHIA-HAN, and 畢佳翰. "Creation Description of "LUCRETIUS"." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/d8c252.
Full textAbstract:
碩士世新大學
廣播電視電影學研究所(含碩專班)
104
Based and adapted from a short novel of the author. ”Lucretius" is a Science fiction short film involving the Earth's future with a spaceship and mission entitled "Lucretius", who's crew is made up of Captain Lin, Engineer John and Cartographer Ivy. Whilst undertaking their mission to explore the universe, Engineer John leads a rebellion and fights for control of the ship in order abort the mission and ultimately return to Earth. It is at this point in time that Captain Lin meets an indescribable alien force disguised as her long deceased father. The creation description aims to analyse and document both the procedure and method used to create the screenplay and film. It will also highlight particular themes and aspects of the films production which discuss how to create the aesthetic styles of a Science Fiction short film.
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CHUANG, YU-JU, and 莊育儒. "Creation Description of “Thorns”." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/k98rar.
Full textAbstract:
碩士世新大學
廣播電視電影學研究所(含碩專班)
105
“Thorns” is a short film about one man after mutation of body coexists with the nature, and they have the interaction consciousness. The background of the story is based on the deforestation of the forest and the realistic tone of the village in the mountains. Adding surreal elements into plot development. I set the story through the fantasy plot. Trying to use images to present the state and the possibility space between human and nature. In addition,this film attempts to fable the relationship and status of people in the modern society and the nature of the land through an event in the village in the mountains. The film title “Thorns” originates from the main characters in the film wound growth of the mysterious spine plant. I choose to use the realistic introverted image language to create surreal creative themes. The film captured natural landscape of many forests so that the audience can focus more on the natural world in the film, and with the protagonist together to find the beauty of nature, to find the relationship between human and nature. In addition,I also hope that the audience can pay more attention to the importance of ecological environmental protection. This thesis is the creation description of the film Thorns , this study begins with the author's creative background and extends to the past creation context analysis. Including Literature review on illegal logging, surrealism, related film works and other literature, the idea of planning, creative content, style setting and shooting process analysis and review reflection. Keywords :body,mutant,conscious,illegal logging,environmental protection , ecology
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ZHENG, XIAN-ZHONG, and 鄭憲宗. "Hardware behavior description analyzer." Thesis, 1987. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/77609598293623191545.
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