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van Vuuren, Rex J. "An Exploration of the Role of Description in Psychology as a Descriptive Science." South African Journal of Psychology 19, no. 2 (June 1989): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/008124638901900202.
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From a phenomenological point of view psychology as a human science is a descriptive science. Psychology as a descriptive science and psychology as an explanatory science are two distinct types of science and should not be viewed as two phases of science. The major arguments of Amedeo Giorgi's theoretical justification of descriptive science are presented. His arguments are the grounds on which two leading questions are explicated: What is description and what is the role of description in qualitative research? In reflecting on the context of gathering, creating and analysing descriptions, a distinction between description1 (concrete life-world descriptions) and description2 (psychological description of a phenomenon) is made. Descriptions are placed in the context of the researcher's interest; the researcher's request for a description by a subject; the subject as a narrator; the meaning of a description as a text; the researcher as a reader of descriptions and the researcher as author of description2. The conclusion consists of what might be ‘good’ descriptions.
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Houser, Heather. "Shimmering Description and Descriptive Criticism." New Literary History 51, no. 1 (2020): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/nlh.2020.0000.
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Brosseau, Marc. "L’espace littéraire en l’absence de description." Cahiers de géographie du Québec 52, no. 147 (May 13, 2009): 419–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/029869ar.
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Résumé Dans les rapports que les géographes entretiennent avec la littérature, l’attention se concentre souvent sur les passages descriptifs supposés contenir l’essentiel de la matière géographique du roman. Cette description topologique obstrue le regard des géographes sur les autres instances du récit qui contribuent aussi à la création d’espaces littéraires. Cela a eu pour effet de privilégier des oeuvres où la description des lieux abonde, et à négliger les autres où elle se fait rare. Fidèles en cela aux idées classiques selon lesquelles le temps appartient au récit et l’espace à la description, les géographes se sont surtout intéressés à une manifestation de l’espace dans la littérature et beaucoup moins aux diverses formes de spatialités. Nous examinons ici les écrits de fiction de Charles Bukowski (1920-1994) dont l’oeuvre, pauvre en passages descriptifs, est pourtant porteuse d’une spatialité complexe. À partir de l’examen d’un thème cher à Bukowski – l’être piégé –, nous constatons qu’il est possible de saisir l’espace littéraire en l’absence de descriptions topologiques étoffées.
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Stouffs, Rudi. "Description grammars: A general notation." Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science 45, no. 1 (September 5, 2016): 106–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265813516667300.
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A description grammar, in conjunction with a shape grammar, serves to generate verbal descriptions of designs, next to the spatial descriptions. These verbal descriptions can also assist in guiding the generative process. This paper presents a general notation for descriptions and description rules that accounts, extensively if not entirely, for many of the applications of description grammars found in literature. Specifically, a review of the notation with respect to these description schemes supports the explication of its strengths and limitations and the identification of future work. A follow-up paper revisits selected applications of description grammars and demonstrates the applicability of this general notation to these case studies.
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Stouffs, Rudi. "Description grammars: Precedents revisited." Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science 45, no. 1 (September 5, 2016): 124–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265813516667301.
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A description grammar, in conjunction with a shape grammar, serves to generate verbal descriptions of designs, next to the spatial descriptions. These verbal descriptions can also assist in guiding the generative process. This paper revisits applications of description grammars found in literature and demonstrates how they can be recast and redeveloped to make use of a general notation and implementation for description grammars. The review of this notation was the topic of a previous paper; this paper is both meant as an illustration and as a confirmation of those review analysis results.
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Haberstock, Lauren. "Participatory description: decolonizing descriptive methodologies in archives." Archival Science 20, no. 2 (October 28, 2019): 125–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10502-019-09328-6.
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Morawski, Jill. "Description in the Psychological Sciences." Representations 135, no. 1 (2016): 119–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/rep.2016.135.1.119.
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This essay uses the case of scientific psychology to explore modes of description and the broader objectives underlying these modes, reporting on both the complexities and potentials of psychological description. It examines the description techniques of the classic Milgram experiment and offers a redescription of the resulting data to show both how psychology’s practices of description entail more than objective accounts of observed behavior and how these descriptions can influence the social world and our understandings of ourselves. The case of Stanley Milgram’s experiments in obedience suggest the material and social powers of the descriptions psychologists “give away” for human benefit.
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Takashina, Nao. "Linking multi-level population dynamics: state, role, and population." PeerJ 10 (May 12, 2022): e13315. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13315.
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The dynamics of an ecological community can be described at different focal scales of the species, such as individual states or the population level. More detailed descriptions of ecological dynamics offer more information, but produce more complex models that are difficult to analyze. Adequately controlling the model complexity and the availability of multiple descriptions of the concerned dynamics maximizes our understanding of ecological dynamics. One of the central goals of ecological studies is to develop links between multiple descriptions of an ecological community. In this article, starting from a nonlinear state-level description of an ecological community (generalized McKendrick–von Foerster model), role-level and population-level descriptions (Lotka–Volterra model) are derived in a consistent manner. The role-level description covers a wider range of situations than the population-level description. However, using the established connections, it is demonstrated that the population-level description can be used to predict the equilibrium status of the role-level description. This approach connects state-, role-, and population-level dynamics consistently, and offers a justification for the multiple choices of model description.
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Kreuzer, Marcus. "The Structure of Description: Evaluating Descriptive Inferences and Conceptualizations." Perspectives on Politics 17, no. 1 (February 13, 2019): 122–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537592718001068.
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Explanation presumes description. Description explores the who, when, where, and how, and its answers furnish the raw material for theorizing and explaining. This connection between description and allegedly serendipitous exploration contributed to the notion that description is inherently subjective and thus incapable of being evaluated. I challenge this notion of “mere” description. I show that description has a distinct structure that consists of discreet analytical stages facing distinct inferential challenges. The quality of description thus becomes a function of how well it addresses those challenges. I explicate distinct criteria for evaluating how well a describer handles those challenges. I illustrate their utility by applying them to the controversy in the late 1990s between Daniel Goldhagen and Christopher Browning over what explained the willingness of ordinary Germans to kill Jews.
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O'Keeffe, K. A. "Job description — description of jobs." Psychiatric Bulletin 13, no. 9 (September 1989): 511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.13.9.511-a.
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Switasarra, Adelia Veneska, and Ririn Diar Astanti. "Literature Review of Job Description: Meta-analysis." International Journal of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management 3, no. 1 (June 9, 2021): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.24002/ijieem.v3i1.4923.
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A job description document is a formal document that exists in the organization that usually has a formal social structure. Whether it is a small-scale organization to a large-scale organization, every formal organization usually has this document. The study presented in this paper tries to present the summary of the research related to the job description document. In the previous research, there is less attention has been given to explore the role of a job description in the various aspects of decision making in the company. Therefore, the importance and the role of the job description to the company, especially in supporting decision-making in the company, is explored in this study. In this study, we reviewed 43 papers published between 2001 and 2021. Several aspects related to job description such as 1) Definition of the job description; 2) Development of job descriptions; and 3) Benefits of job descriptions based on four reviewed papers are explained. The selected articles are taken from the article database engine: Emerald Insight, Semantic Scholar, Proquest, Science Direct, Elsevier, Springer Link with the keyword "Job Description". The intention of this review is to address the following questions related to (i) in what aspect the research related to job descriptions are conducted; (ii) what the contribution of job descriptions document to the decision-making in the company.
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Кириллов and Andrey Kirillov. "Modern Approach to Drawing Up Job Descriptions." Management of the Personnel and Intellectual Resources in Russia 4, no. 5 (October 19, 2015): 78–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/14962.
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The article defines the place of job descriptions in the system of personnel management, formulated and disclosed such requirements to them as: timeliness,
relevance, reliability and objectivity, credibility and validity, completeness, conciseness, targeted, specific, rule of law, the uniqueness and uniformity of terms,
precision, clarity (clarity), consistency. The sequence of development documents regulating the activities of the organization shows the relationship of job
descriptions and position of the structural unit. The article describes how to design a job description. The main shortcomings of modern domestic job descriptions
are revealed. The author presents fragments of job descriptions of various categories of personnel. Ways of enhancing the efficiency of the job description in
the modern Russian companies are shown. The article describes ways to create product-oriented job description, definition of job descriptions of key performance
indicators and competencies, creating job descriptions from the description of business processes. In conclusion summarizes the main ideas to turn the job
descriptions in the foundation of the system of personnel management in the organization.
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PARK, SUNGWOO, and HYEONSEUNG IM. "A calculus for hardware description." Journal of Functional Programming 21, no. 1 (November 19, 2010): 21–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956796810000249.
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AbstractIn efforts to overcome the complexity of the syntax and the lack of formal semantics of conventional hardware description languages, a number of functional hardware description languages have been developed. Like conventional hardware description languages, however, functional hardware description languages eventually convert all source programs into netlists, which describe wire connections in hardware circuits at the lowest level and conceal all high-level descriptions written into source programs. We develop a calculus, called lλ (linear lambda), which may serve as an intermediate functional language just above netlists in the hierarchy of hardware description languages. In order to support higher-order functions, lλ uses a linear type system, which enforces the linear use of variables of function type. The translation of lλ into structural descriptions of hardware circuits is sound and complete in the sense that it maps expressions only to realizable hardware circuits, and that every realizable hardware circuit has a corresponding expression in lλ. To illustrate the use of lλ as a practical intermediate language for hardware description, we design a simple hardware description language that extends lλ with polymorphism, and use it to implement a fast Fourier transform circuit and a bitonic sorting network.
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Pató, Beáta Sz G. "Formal options for job descriptions: theory meets practice." Journal of Management Development 36, no. 8 (September 11, 2017): 1008–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmd-01-2016-0019.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present the possibilities of formal and structural appearances of a job description, with correct content, through corporate examples and the result of a research. Design/methodology/approach The author in this paper aims to demonstrate the possibilities of the design of job descriptions, based on more than ten-year-long, intense, empirical research of job descriptions (cca. 1,200 examined and analyzed items). Findings During the research work, a 2D job description sample has been created, mapped from a 3D job description, based on an earlier research. This 2D sample can serve as a good starting point for companies in the creation of new documents. Furthermore, the process of the formal visualization of job descriptions has been described, and structured and semi-structured formal visualization have been illustrated, with corporate examples. Research limitations/implications A well-visualized job description can lead the employee, the employer and the company as well to comprehension and competence, thus job descriptions become one of the tools of HRD visual management. Practical implications The aim is to support the job description writing process, which therefore will lead to a well-formed and well-structured, attractive, “living” document. Originality/value The form and content of a job description, the aims that it serves and the message it conveys really make a difference. 3D job descriptions are under patent design protection in Hungary (Registration Number: 90 806 D0500121).
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Yudianda, Elvan, and Mohd Hafrison. "KONTRIBUSI KETERAMPILAN MEMBACA PEMAHAMAN TEKS DESKRIPSI TERHADAP KETERAMPILAN MENULIS TEKS DESKRIPSI SISWA KELAS VII SMP NEGERI 12 PADANG." Pendidikan Bahasa Indonesia 8, no. 1 (March 17, 2019): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/103920-019883.
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ABSTRACT This article reveals the contribution of skills reading comprehension text descriptions to writing skills text description grade students VII SMP Negeri Padang 12. The purpose of this research there are three. First, it describes the skills of reading comprehension text description grade VII SMP Negeri 12 field. Second, it describes the writing skills text description grade VII SMP Negeri 12 field. Third, describing the contribution of the intermediate reading comprehension text descriptions against writing skills text description grade VII SMP Negeri 12 field. This research type is quantitative descriptive method. The design used in this research is the design contribution. This research population is grade VII SMP Negeri Padang are registered on the 12th school year 2018/2019, i.e. as many as 286 students. The sample in this research are determined by proportional random sampling of 20% of the population, i.e. 54 students. Research data is a score test results intermediate reading comprehension text description and score the writing skills test result text description. The data obtained through two types of tests i.e. objective tests to measure the skills of reading comprehension text description and performance tests to measure the skills of writing a text description. The results of the research there are three. First, the skills of reading comprehension text description grade VII SMP Negeri Padang 12 are on good qualifications (B) by the value of the average 80.09. Second, the skills of writing text descriptions grade VII SMP Negeri Padang 12 are on good qualifications (B) with an average of 80.86. Third, there is a contribution of reading skills in the description of text to the skills of writing description texts of class grade VII SMP Negeri Padang 12 at 62.73%. Kata kunci: Kontribusi, Keterampilan, Membaca Pemahaman, Menulis, Teks Deskripsi.
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Burtsev, Igor. "Two Descriptions of the Southern Lands of the Russian State at the End of the 16th Century." Historical Geography Journal 2, no. 3 (2023): 82–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.58529/2782-6511-2023-2-3-82-109.
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Two geographical descriptions of the southern lands of the Russian state at the end of the 16th century preserved in the documents of the Belgorod Department of the Military Ministry (the Razryadny prikaz): "Description of field roads" (Rospis’ pol’skim dorogam) and "Description of the map of outlying cities..." (Rospis’ chertezhu ukrainnyh gorodov…). "Description of field roads" was published for the first time in 1886 by D. I. Bagalei. "Description of the map" remained little-known in the historical literature, in the 1990s G. Saatchan was the first to mention the existence of this document. In the preface to the publication, dating of the studied descriptions is proposed based on the analysis of the dates of the emergence of cities in the "Field". "Description of field roads" was compiled between 1592 and 1594, "Description of the map" between 1596 and 1599. Analysis of the filigree sheets of the column showed that both descriptions were written on paper from the 1590s. One of the filigrees of the "Description of the map" coincides with the watermark of the 1598 Razriad book draft. This led to the conclusion that the "Description of the map" was compiled in the Razryadny prikaz in the 1590s. It can be assumed that the "Description of the map" was an intermediate document for compiling a new map. During the reign of Tsar Boris Godunov, work was carried out to compile a drawing of the Russian state, which formed the basis of the map of Russia published in 1613 by Gessel Gerrits. Perhaps one of the intermediate stages of these works was the "Description of the map". The publication is provided with a geographical index.
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Ramadhan, Zicrie, and Syahrul R.,. "KORELASI KETERAMPILAN MEMBACA PEMAHAMAN TEKS DESKRIPSI DENGAN KETERAMPILAN MENULIS TEKS DESKRIPSI SISWA KELAS VII SMP NEGERI 1 BATANG KAPAS." Pendidikan Bahasa Indonesia 8, no. 3 (February 19, 2020): 533. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/108244-019883.
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ABSTRACT This article reveals the contribution of skills reading comprehension text descriptions to writing skills text description grade students VII SMP Negeri Batang Kapas 1. The purpose of this research there are three. First, it describes the skills of reading comprehension text description grade VII SMP Negeri 1 field. Second, it describes the writing skills text description grade VII SMP Negeri 1 field. Third, describing the contribution of the intermediate reading comprehension text descriptions against writing skills text description grade VII SMP Negeri 12 field. The design used in this research is the design contribution. This research population is grade VII SMP Negeri Padang are registered on the 12th school year 2018/2019, i.e. as many as 286 students. The sample in this research are determined by proportional random sampling of 20% of the population, i.e. 54 students. Research data is a score test. The data obtained through two types of tests i.e. objective tests to measure the skills of reading comprehension text description and performance tests to measure the skills of writing a text description.. First, the skills of reading comprehension text description grade VII SMP Negeri Padang 12 are on good qualifications (B) by the value of the average 80.09. Second, the skills of writing text descriptions grade VII SMP Negeri Padang 12 are on good qualifications (B) with an average of 80.86. Third, there is a contribution reading skills in the description text to the skills of writing description texts of class grade VII SMP Negeri Padang 1 at 62.73% Kata kunci: Korelasi, Keterampilan, Membaca Pemahaman, Menulis, Teks Deskripsi
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Wang, Jingqian, and Xiaohong Zhang. "Intuitionistic Fuzzy Granular Matrix: Novel Calculation Approaches for Intuitionistic Fuzzy Covering-Based Rough Sets." Axioms 13, no. 6 (June 18, 2024): 411. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/axioms13060411.
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Intuitionistic fuzzy (IF) β-minimal description operators can deal with noise data in the IF covering-based rough set theory. That is to say, they can be used to find data that we need in IF environments. For an IF β-covering approximation space (i.e., an IF environment) with a high cardinality, it would be tedious and complicated to use IF set representations to calculate them. Therefore, it is necessary to find a quick method to obtain them. In this paper, we present the notion of IF β-maximal description based on the definition of IF β-minimal description, along with the concepts of IF granular matrix and IF reduction. Moreover, we propose matrix calculation methods for IF covering-based rough sets, such as IF β-minimal descriptions, IF β-maximal descriptions, and IF reductions. Firstly, the notion of an IF granular matrix is presented, which is used to calculate IF β-minimal description. Secondly, inspired by IF β-minimal description, we give the notion of IF β-maximal description. Furthermore, the matrix representations of IF β-maximal descriptions are presented. Next, two types of reductions for IF β-covering approximation spaces via IF β-minimal and fuzzy β-minimal descriptions are presented, along with their matrix representations. Finally, the new calculation methods are compared with corresponding set representations by carrying out several experiments.
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Talin, Christian. "Baretti voyageur." Horizons philosophiques 11, no. 1 (July 29, 2009): 71–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/802952ar.
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En 1760, Giuseppe Baretti part de Londres, sa ville d’adoption, à destination de Gênes. Plein de curiosité, il consigne en outre ses impressions. L’auteur note, parfois au jour le jour, les caractéristiques et les particularismes des pays, régions, villes visités, jusqu’aux rencontres personnelles — rarement dépourvues d’intérêt. Son avant-propos a l’aspect d’un manifeste méthodologique : un guide de la description objective pour voyageur éclairé. Mais une science des moeurs, par exemple, ne se bâtit que si l’on est capable d’interpréter les données, en les relativisant, en évitant les pièges de l’idéologie, celui du regard subjectif, du choix arbitraire de telle observation ou encore telle interprétation problématique... En raison de la qualité de ses descriptions, ce témoignage constitue un document anthropologique qui contribue à la connaissance de l’Esprit d’un peuple. Toutefois cette relation de voyage demeure préscientifique. Description : substantif féminin (action de décrire quelque chose par le discours). Description. (Abel BOYER, Dictionnaire royal français-anglais et anglais-français, ouvr. cité, vol. I, p. 155.) Description : s. f. latin descriptio, anglais description. Détail des accidents généraux, formes et propriétés d’une chose pour en donner une idée qui la discerne des autres. En géométrie, c’est la construction ou formation d’une figure. C’est aussi un dénombrement rédigé par écrit. (Nouveau Dictionnaire universel des arts et des sciences, français, latin et anglais, à Avignon, chez François Girard, imprimeur-libraire, et [auprès] des collèges pontificaux, MDCCLIII [1753], tome I, p. 335.)
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Lynch, Karol, Bradley Eck, and Joern Ploennigs. "Symbol Description Reading." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 38, no. 21 (March 24, 2024): 22934–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v38i21.30332.
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Mathematical formulas give concise representations of a document's key ideas in many natural sciences and engineering domains. The symbols that make up formulas carry semantic meaning that may differ by document or equation. What does ? mean in a given paper? Interpreting the symbols that comprise formulas requires identifying descriptions from the surrounding text. We approach this task of symbol description reading as an application of current AI technologies targeting the tuning of large language models for particular domains and automation of machine learning. Our pipeline integrates AI question answering and natural language processing to read symbol descriptions. We consider extractive and generative AI model variations and apply our pipeline on two example tasks of symbol description reading. Promising results provide motivation for wider deployment for which we describe a microservice architecture and related challenges.
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Huang, Huaxin, and Yuhang Li. "Metaphorical Description and Model Description of Complex Systems." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2022 (July 7, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3094010.
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From metaphorical description to model description is the symbol of the maturity of complexity science. This paper focuses on two model description methods of complex systems: formal system model and relevance theory model, and compares their advantages and disadvantages. These two models are descriptions of complex systems from different perspectives and have important and irreplaceable significance in the theoretical research and practical application of complex systems. The future research direction of complex systems is not the “integration” of the two models but the alternation of the two models, which scientifically reveals the essence of complex systems from multiple perspectives. In view of the complexity of education and the scientificity of educational evaluation, a fuzzy evaluation method is proposed. Fuzzy evaluation is a mathematical thinking mode based on fuzzy theory and mathematical methods, which studies fuzzy and complex phenomena, and provides quantitative relationship and description for educational evaluation.
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Portugais, Jean. "Description." Circuit 11, no. 2 (October 2, 2002): 55–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/004689ar.
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Résumé Cette rubrique réunit les textes des participants invités par le Quatuor Molinari à la table ronde du 10 décembre 1999. Le texte de présentation de la table ronde, préparé par Jean Portugais dans le sillage d’un court texte de Pierre Boulez, propose trois séries de questions — assez provocatrices — aux participants. Suivent cinq réactions écrites ; celles de trois compositeurs : José Evangelista, Serge Provost et John Rea, ainsi que celles de deux musicologues : Jean Boivin et Jean-Jacques Nattiez.
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Babenko-Woodbury, Victoria A., Arkadii Dragomoschenko, Lyn Hejinian, and Elena Balashova. "Description." World Literature Today 65, no. 4 (1991): 730. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40147747.
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Coombs, David Sweeney. "Description." Victorian Literature and Culture 46, no. 3-4 (2018): 646–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150318000463.
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Smagorinsky, Peter. "A Thick Description of Thick Description." Educational Researcher 36, no. 4 (May 2007): 199–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/0013189x07303862.
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Salimuddin, Saba, Shadi Beshai, Adam Iskric, and Lisa Watson. "Framing Effects of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Depression on Perceptions of Believability, Acceptability, and Credibility." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 14 (July 9, 2023): 6330. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20146330.
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While CBT is an effective treatment for depression, uptake can be low. This is largely due to attitudinal barriers. Accordingly, the goals of the current investigation were to (a) tailor and develop persuasive psychoeducational materials to match dominant cultural beliefs about the causes of depression and (b) examine the effectiveness of tailored CBT descriptions in improving CBT perceptions. We examined the believability of CBT mechanisms by invoking commonly endorsed etiological models of depression and investigated whether tailoring CBT descriptions to match etiological beliefs about depression influences perceptions of CBT. Participants were recruited using TurkPrime. In Study 1, participants (n = 425) read a CBT description that was generic or framed to match an etiological model of depression (biological, stress/environmental, or relationship/interpersonal). The participants indicated believability of each model as adopted by CBT. In study 2, the participants (n = 449) selected what they believed was the most important cause of depression. Subsequently, the participants were randomised to receive either a CBT description tailored to their endorsed model or a generic CBT description, and they provided ratings for CBT’s acceptability, credibility, and expectancy. In Study 1, the believability of biological CBT mechanisms was low across conditions, but participants reported greater believability when receiving a biological description than when receiving other mechanistic descriptions. Participants who received the stress- and relationship-focused descriptions did not rate the respective models as more believable than those who received a generic description. In study 2, there were no differences in the perceptions of acceptability, credibility and expectancy between participants who received a tailored description and those who received a generic description. Our findings suggest that CBT is believed to be a psychologically appropriate treatment; however, the believability of biological mechanisms is improved by presenting a biology-focused description.
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Conrad, Frederick G., Mick P. Couper, and Joseph W. Sakshaug. "Classifying Open-Ended Reports: Factors Affecting the Reliability of Occupation Codes." Journal of Official Statistics 32, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 75–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jos-2016-0003.
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Abstract A source of survey processing error that has received insufficient study to date is the misclassification of open-ended responses. We report on efforts to understand the misclassification of open occupation descriptions in the Current Population Survey (CPS). We analyzed double-coded CPS descriptions to identify which features vary with intercoder reliability. One factor strongly related to reliability was the length of the occupation description: longer descriptions were less reliably coded than shorter ones. This effect was stronger for particular occupation terms. We then carried out an experiment to examine the joint effects of description length and classification “difficulty” of particular occupation terms. For easy occupation terms longer descriptions were less reliably coded, but for difficult occupation terms longer descriptions were slightly more reliably coded than short descriptions. Finally, we observed as coders provided verbal reports on their decision making. One practice, evident in coders’ verbal reports, is their use of informal coding rules based on superficial features of the description. Such rules are likely to promote reliability, though not necessarily validity, of coding. To the extent that coders use informal rules for long descriptions involving difficult terms, this could help explain the observed relationship between description length and difficulty of coding particular terms.
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Merenda, Peter F., and Joseph L. Fava. "Role of Behaviorally Descriptive Adjectives in Description of Personality." Psychological Reports 74, no. 1 (February 1994): 259–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1994.74.1.259.
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Behaviorally descriptive adjectives and personality trait terms have been analyzed periodically by many psychological researchers and practitioners during the last half of this century. This analysis of personality-descriptive adjectives and terms has led to the development of several widely used adjective checklists for personality assessment and the postulation and the construct validation of several personality models. Foremost among the adjective checklists have been the 1948 Activity Vector Analysis (AVA), the 1950 Adjective Check List (ACL), and the more recent Personality Adjective Check List (PACL) in 1987. The first descriptions and reports of their developmental and validation research appeared in the professional refereed literature, respectively by Clarke in 1956, Gough in 1960, and Strack in 1987. The ACL contains 300 adjectives, various forms of the AVA contain 81 to 87 adjectives, and the PACL contains 153 adjectives. The dimensionality of personality models and the number of scales interpreted in the protocols from these instruments have either remained stable as in the case of AVA (4 dimensions, 6 scales) or have been quite variable over time. For example, the ACL was originally 5-dimensional with 6 scales being interpreted. Currently, the ACL yields 37 interpretable scales, and the PACL perhaps a 5-factor structure.
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Minim, Valéria Paula Rodrigues, Andréa Alves Simiqueli, Liliane Elen da Silva Moraes, Aline Iamin Gomide, and Luis Antônio Minim. "Optimized Descriptive Profile: A rapid methodology for sensory description." Food Quality and Preference 24, no. 1 (April 2012): 190–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodqual.2011.10.014.
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Chen, Cheng-Kuan, Zhufeng Pan, Ming-Yu Liu, and Min Sun. "Unsupervised Stylish Image Description Generation via Domain Layer Norm." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 33 (July 17, 2019): 8151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v33i01.33018151.
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Most of the existing works on image description focus on generating expressive descriptions. The only few works that are dedicated to generating stylish (e.g., romantic, lyric, etc.) descriptions suffer from limited style variation and content digression. To address these limitations, we propose a controllable stylish image description generation model. It can learn to generate stylish image descriptions that are more related to image content and can be trained with the arbitrary monolingual corpus without collecting new paired image and stylish descriptions. Moreover, it enables users to generate various stylish descriptions by plugging in style-specific parameters to include new styles into the existing model. We achieve this capability via a novel layer normalization layer design, which we will refer to as the Domain Layer Norm (DLN). Extensive experimental validation and user study on various stylish image description generation tasks are conducted to show the competitive advantages of the proposed model.
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Francisco, Manuela. "Reflection on Human and Automatic Image Description in Elearning Context." EDEN Conference Proceedings, no. 1 (October 21, 2020): 368–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.38069/edenconf-2020-rw-0040.
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Images have a strong presence in educational contexts, particularly in online environments. When images add vital information for the understanding of a given subject, this information must be perceived by all students, including those who have a visual impairment. Although most web tools and platforms have a field for the description or alternative text, most images do not contain this information. Since 2016, some platforms and web services have been providing features, based on Artificial Intelligence, which present a brief description of the images to screen readers. Are these descriptions effective for people with visual impairment, in an eLearning context? Are they enough for a blind person to create a mental image? How do they differ from the description performed by humans? To answer these questions, it is necessary to have an idea of how we perceive images and how they make sense in our brain, according to our values and culture. Thus, in this work we present a reflection related to these questions, using examples of descriptions obtained by the google chrome feature “Get image description” and descriptions made by people in the various editions of the MOOC “Image description in web context”.
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Yang, Jie. "Multiple Description Based on Fractal." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 19, no. 3 (May 20, 2015): 474–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2015.p0474.
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In this paper, I design and develop a multiple description (MD) method which is based on fractal image coding procedure. In the encoder of MD, the IFS generated mappings are separated into different parts and encoded into different descriptions so that, on each description, a subset of these mappings can be involved. Meanwhile, a desired amount of redundancy is inserted into each description such that a satisfactory reconstruction quality will be ensured. In MD decoder, the redundancy and the mappings in one description are exploited to recover the missed mappings in the other description when only one description is received. Compared with the referenced methods, the the proposed MD coder can achieve better and more robust performance under various packet loss ratio circumstance.
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Pató, Beáta Sz G. "The 3D job description." Journal of Management Development 34, no. 4 (April 13, 2015): 406–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmd-11-2013-0151.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present the necessary accessories for creating a job description, through a model. The model concentrates on the person and a job description document, which is capable of connecting and synchronising the organizational goals. The author introduces a tool that assists in creating job descriptions. Design/methodology/approach – In the present paper the author integrates the conclusions of the authors on the subject and her own research results, on the basis of which she creates a three dimensional (3D) job description model. This 3D model could be used as a resource in the human resource development field. Findings – The elements of the resulting job description document: the method specific accessories of the job descriptions. The content specific accessories of the job descriptions. The person specific accessories of the job descriptions. Research limitations/implications – The 3D job description, which is presented in the study, was preceded by the development of a general model. The very first application of the general model was in connection with competence tests, which have gained popularity lately. Competences can be classified in different ways. Each aspect of classification corresponds to a face of a tetrahedron, five of which comprise the model. This model is also adaptable for other kinds of research used at research centres, educational institutions and companies. Practical implications – The 3D job description being presented was developed as a special, multi-dimensional data model. The model allows us to discover and present the causal relationships and the connections between the parts and the whole of job description elements. It demonstrates the interacting factors clearly due to the fact that the tetrahedrons can be rolled over one another, and it is adaptable for the mapping of the connections between these factors. Social implications – The model is capable of defining the central elements. In this case, the people and the organization of work are in the centre. The 3D job description is adaptable for modelling by the exploration of logical links, so it can show what kind of “whole” is generated by the given elements and what parts it consists of. Therefore the model can be interpreted as a network of connections, which is capable of illustrating the vertical and horizontal structure, due to the special form of tetrahedrons. The model is perfect for the demonstration of the connections between contents on the faces of the tetrahedrons, due to their form and movability. Originality/value – The elaboration and presentation of the general model, protected by design patent (90 806 D0500121) in Hungary, was stimulated by the fact that during different kinds of research and analyses it is an important task to explore the influencing factors, elements and their connections. This is of primary importance especially at the early stage of research and analysis, because the negligence of these in the early stages results in the fact that those particular factors can be taken into account only during a repeated analysis.
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Srimelisa, Defni, Harris Effendi Thahar, and Ermawati Arief. "KONTRIBUSI KETERAMPILAN MEMBACA PEMAHAMAN TEKS DESKRIPSI TERHADAP KETERAMPILAN MENULIS TEKS DESKRIPSI SISWA KELAS VII SMP NEGERI 1 BAYANG UTARA." Pendidikan Bahasa Indonesia 8, no. 2 (March 17, 2019): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/103914-019883.
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ABSTRACT The porpose of this research there are three. First, to describes the skills of reading comprehension text description grade VII SMP Negeri 1 Bayang Utara. Second, to describes a text description of the writing skills of students grade VII SMP Negeri 1 Bayang Utara. Third, describing the contribution of the intermediate reading comprehension text descriptions against writing skills text description grade VII SMP Negeri 1 Bayang Utara. This research type is quantitative descriptive method. The design used in this research is the design contribution. This research population is grade VII SMP Negeri 1 Bayang Utara that are listed in the 2017/2018, i.e., 268 students. The sample in this research are determined by proportional random sampling of 15% of the population, i.e. 40 students. Research data is a score test results intermediate reading comprehension text description and score the writing skills test result text description. Research instrument is an objective test to measure the skills of reading comprehension text description and performance tests to measure the skills of writing a text description. The results of the research there are three. First, a text description of the writing skills of students of grade VII SMP Negeri 1 Bayang Utara lies on the qualifications of either (B). Second, the skills of reading comprehension text description grade VII SMP Negeri 1 Bayang Utara are on Good qualifications (B). Third, intermediate reading comprehension text descriptions account for 47.20% against writing skills text description grade VII SMP Negeri 1 Bayang Utara. Kata kunci: Kontribusi, Membaca Pemahaman, Menulis, Teks Deskripsi
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Badie, Farshad, and Hans Gotzsche. "An Occurrence Description Logic." Logical Investigations 28, no. 1 (June 26, 2022): 142–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21146/2074-1472-2022-28-1-142-156.
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Description Logics (DLs) are a family of well-known terminological knowledge representation formalisms in modern semantics-based systems. This research focuses on analysing how our developed Occurrence Logic (OccL) can conceptually and logically support the development of a description logic. OccL is integrated into the alternative theory of natural language syntax in Deviational Syntactic Structures under the label ‘EFA(X)3’ (or the third version of Epi-Formal Analysis in Syntax, EFA(X), which is a radical linguistic theory). From the logical point of view, OccL is a formal logic that mainly deals with the occurrences of symbols as well as with their priorities within linguistic descriptions, i.e. natural language syntax, semantics and phonology. In this article—based on our OccL-based definitions of the concepts of strong implication and occurrence value as well as of the logical concept Identical Occurrence Constructor (IDOC) that is the most fundamental logical concept in our formalism—we will model Occurrence Description Logic (ODL). Accordingly, we will formally-logically analyse ‘occurrence(s) of symbol(s)’ within descriptions of the world in ODL. In addition, we will analyse and assess the logical concepts of occurrence and occurrence priority in ODL. This research can make a strong logical background for our future research in the development of a Modal Occurrence Description Logic.
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Lee, Jin Young. "Impact of Video Compression and Multimodal Embedding on Scene Description." Electronics 8, no. 9 (August 30, 2019): 963. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8090963.
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Scene description refers to the automatic generation of natural language descriptions from videos. In general, deep learning-based scene description networks utilize multimodalities, such as image, motion, audio, and label information, to improve the description quality. In particular, image information plays an important role in scene description. However, scene description has a potential issue, because it may handle images with severe compression artifacts. Hence, this paper analyzes the impact of video compression on scene description, and then proposes a simple network that is robust to compression artifacts. In addition, a network cascading more encoding layers for efficient multimodal embedding is also proposed. Experimental results show that the proposed network is more efficient than conventional networks.
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Winckler, Antoine. "Description d'une crise ou crise d'une description ?" Le Débat 87, no. 5 (1995): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/deba.087.0045.
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Yang, Keng, Hanying Qi, and Qian Huang. "The impact of task description linguistic style on task performance: a text mining of crowdsourcing contests." Industrial Management & Data Systems 122, no. 1 (November 15, 2021): 322–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imds-03-2021-0178.
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PurposeExisting studies on the relationship between task description and task performance are insufficient, with many studies considering description length rather than content to measure quality or only evaluating a single aspect of task performance. To address this gap, this study analyzes the linguistic styles of task descriptions from 2,545 tasks on the Taskcn.com crowdsourcing platform.Design/methodology/approachAn empirical analysis was completed for task description language styles and task performance. The paper used text mining tool Simplified Chinese Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count to extract eight linguistic styles, namely readability, self-distancing, cognitive complexity, causality, tentative language, humanizing personal details, normative information and language intensity. And it tests the relationship between the eight language styles and task performance.FindingsThe study found that more cognitive complexity markers, tentative language, humanized details and normative information increase the quantity of submissions for a task. In addition, more humanized details and normative information in a task description improves the quality of task. Conversely, the inclusion of more causal relationships in a task description reduces the quantity of submissions. Poorer readability of the task description, less self-estrangement and higher language intensity reduces the quality of the task.Originality/valueThis study first reveals the importance of the linguistic styles used in task descriptions and provides a reference for how to attract more task solvers and achieve higher quality task performance by improving task descriptions. The research also enriches existing knowledge on the impact of linguistic styles and the applications of text mining.
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Rodriguez, David. "Description in space: Geography and narrative form." Frontiers of Narrative Studies 4, no. 2 (November 26, 2018): 327–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/fns-2018-0026.
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AbstractDescription and experience of the form of landscape are the core of geographical methodology and are explicitly theorized in humanist geography, particularly by Edward Relph. This essay outlines how his ideas about “seeing, thinking, and describing” – particularly the primacy of description – are relevant to a reformation for how narratologists handle the relationship between fiction and environment. Though the narratologist deals with reading and analyzing descriptions rather than producing descriptions as the geographer does, the phenomenological relationship between self, environment, and description of the latter can curiously expand what we normally think of as the reader-text dyad in the former. This new perspective is put into practice by studying three examples from American novels that offer descriptions of the environment from above.
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Badie, Farshad. "Towards World Identification in Description Logics." Logical Investigations 28, no. 2 (January 11, 2023): 115–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21146/2074-1472-2022-28-2-115-134.
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The logical analysis of the usability of nominals, that are introduced by Hybrid Logic, informal descriptions of the world (within modern knowledge representation systems and semantic systems) is very important because nominals, as second sorts of propositional symbols, can support logical identification of the described world at specific states. This paper will focus on answering the philosophical-logical question of ‘how a fundamental world description in the description logic (DL) and a nominal can be related to each other?’. Based on my assumption that nominals can support more adequate identification of the world in DL, this paper will deal with the concept of ‘world identification’. Accordingly, based on a logical-terminological analysis of nominals, it will analyse hybridised fundamental world descriptions. Relying on the outcomes, this research will reach the idea that we can have a hybrid description logic with the analysed concepts.
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Wogalter, Michael S. "Describing Faces from Memory: Accuracy and Effects on Subsequent Recognition Performance." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 40, no. 11 (October 1996): 536–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129604001103.
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The present research examines: (a) the accuracy of three face description methods, and (b) the effects of post-exposure description and imaging activities on subsequent face recognition performance. Participants viewed a sequence of six target photographs, and after each, performed one of three description tasks: generated their own set of descriptors, checked-off descriptors from a pre-existing list, or rated the same set of descriptors on bipolar scales. Other participants performed a distractor (control) activity. Additionally, participants were either told or not told to image the targets while they simultaneously performed the description tasks. Results showed that the checklist task lowered subsequent recognition performance compared to the generate task. Imaging with the generate task facilitated recognition, but imaging with the checklist and rating tasks degraded recognition. The generate task produced the highest quality descriptions as determined by other participants' performance in matching the descriptions to face photographs. The checklist decrement is discussed in terms of memorial confusion initiated by the presence of irrelevant face cues. These results indicate that descriptor generation is the preferred method of collecting eyewitness' face descriptions.
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Ahmad Hafidh Ayatullah and Nanik Suciati. "TOPIC GROUPING BASED ON DESCRIPTION TEXT IN MICROSOFT RESEARCH VIDEO DESCRIPTION CORPUS DATA USING FASTTEXT, PCA AND K-MEANS CLUSTERING." Jurnal Informatika Polinema 9, no. 2 (February 27, 2023): 223–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.33795/jip.v9i2.1271.
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This research groups topics of the Microsoft Research Video Description Corpus (MRVDC) based on text descriptions of Indonesian language dataset. The Microsoft Research Video Description Corpus (MRVDC) is a video dataset developed by Microsoft Research, which contains paraphrased event expressions in English and other languages. The results of grouping these topics show how the patterns of similarity and interrelationships between text descriptions from different video data, which will be useful for the topic-based video retrieval. The topic grouping process is based on text descriptions using fastText as word embedding, PCA as features reduction method and K-means as the clustering method. The experiment on 1959 videos with 43753 text descriptions to vary the number of k and with/without PCA result that the optimal clustering number is 180 with silhouette coefficient of 0.123115.
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Cahyani, Ida Ayu Mega, Ida Bagus Nyoman Mantra, and I. Gusti Agung Putri Wirastuti. "Employing Picture Description to Assess the Students' Descriptive Paragraph Writing." Soshum : Jurnal Sosial dan Humaniora 8, no. 1 (March 31, 2018): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.31940/soshum.v8i1.797.
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Writing is considered as an important skill in learning process which is needed to be mastered by the students. However, in teaching learning process at schools or universities, the assessment of writing skill is not becoming the focus of learning process and the assessment is administered inappropriately. In this present study, the researcher undertook the study which dealt with assessing descriptive paragraph writing ability of the students through picture description by employing an ex post facto as the research design. The present study was intended to answer the research problem dealing with the extent of the students’ achievement of descriptive paragraph writing ability which is assessed through picture description. The samples under the study were 40 students determined by means of random sampling technique with lottery system. The data were collected through administering picture description as the research instrument. The obtained data were analyzed by using norm-reference measure of five standard values. The results of the data analysis showed that there were 67.50% samples of the study were successful in writing descriptive paragraph, while there were 32.50% samples were unsuccessful in writing descriptive paragraph which was assessed by administering picture description test
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McAllister-Williams, R. H. "The description of primary delusions: confusion in standard texts and among clinicians." Psychiatric Bulletin 21, no. 6 (June 1997): 346–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.21.6.346.
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A review of standard texts used by trainees reveals a wealth of differences in the description of primary delusions. The views of 52 consultants and trainees were obtained regarding the various descriptions present in textbooks. This demonstrated a high degree of disagreement between clinicians as to which description most clearly matched their own view. A scheme for the classification and description of primary delusions is suggested.
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Maxamat o’g’li, Dehqonov Qodirjon, Odilov Jahongir Anvarjon o’g’li, Mo’ydinov Nodirjon Xomid o’g’li, and Inomjonov Javohir Jahongir o’g’li. "GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF LUBRICATING MATERIAL." International Journal of Advance Scientific Research 02, no. 05 (May 1, 2022): 44–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/ijasr-02-05-08.
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Lubricants minimise friction and wear in rubbing contacts by reducing metal–metal contact, removing wear debris, and carrying away frictional heat. They may also prevent rusting and with liquid lubricants remove heat. Lubricants may be solid, such as graphite, molybdenum disulphide, polytetrafluoroethylene and talc; or gaseous, commonly air; but the principal lubricants are liquids such as mineral oil, or the semi-solid greases formed from liquids by the use of thickening agents.
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Barziev, Oybek, and Gulnoza Murodilovna Oripova. "DESCRIPTION IN TRADITIONAL POETIC CATEGORIES." Frontline Social Sciences and History Journal 02, no. 04 (April 1, 2022): 66–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/social-fsshj-02-04-06.
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The article analyzes the issues of imagery in the lyrical works of the poets of the Fergana Valley: Hayrati, Gurbat, Muhib, with special emphasis on the peculiarities of their traditional poetic diversity.
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Neuman, František. "Coordinate description of analytic relations." Mathematica Bohemica 131, no. 2 (2006): 197–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.21136/mb.2006.134091.
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Abdunabiyevich, Eshkobilov Sirojiddin. "CRIMINOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION OF ORGANIZED CRIME." American Journal of Political Science Law and Criminology 04, no. 04 (April 1, 2022): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajpslc/volume04issue04-01.
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This article provides an overview of the concept of organized crime, its specific features, causes and conditions, current trends, and statistics. It also provides recommendations for the prevention and elimination of organized crime.
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Laamari, Kaoutar, Hanane Baybay, Samia Mrabat, Zakia Douhi, Sara Elloudi, and Fatima Zahra Mernissi. "Hereditary Epidermolysis Bullosa: New Description." Dermatology and Dermatitis 5, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 01–02. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2578-8949/066.
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Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a heterogeneous group of genetically determined, mechano-bullous disorders characterized by blister formation in response to mechanical trauma. The blistering of the skin occurs in the varying degrees of severity and can severely incapacitate the life of the afflicted patient. Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex (EBS), the most commonly occurring type, is dominantly inherited where treatment still remains a major challenge.
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Trejos–Grisales, Luz, Cristian Guarnizo–Lemus, and Sergio Serna. "Overall Description of Wind Power." Ingeniería y Ciencia 10, no. 19 (January 2014): 99–126. http://dx.doi.org/10.17230/ingciencia.10.19.5.
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This paper presents a general overview of the main characteristics of the wind power systems, also considerations about the simulation models andthe most used Maximum Power Point Tracker (MPPT) techniques are made. Some simulation results are shown and conclusions about the workare given.