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1
So-Hartmann, Helga. "A Descriptive Grammar oof Dai Chin." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.499165.
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Burung, Willem. "A grammar of Wano." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:86a8eef7-4a10-420d-b445-400a0b2b974f.
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This thesis is a descriptive analysis of Wano, a Trans-New Guinea language found in West Papua which is spoken by approximately 7,000 native speakers. The thesis includes: (i) an introduction of Wano topography and demography; a brief ethnographic sketch; some sociolinguistic issues such as name taboo, counting system and kinship terms; and typological profile of the language in chapter 1; (ii) morphophonological properties in chapter 2; (iii) forms and functions of nouns in chapter 3; (iv) verbs in chapter 4; (v) deixis in chapter 5; (vi) clause elements in chapter 6; and (vii) intransitive/transitive non-verbal predication in chapter 7; (viii) clause combination is consecutively observed in terms of coordination and subordination in chapter 8; serial verb constructions in chapter 9; clause linking in chapter 10; and bridging linkage in chapter 11. Chapter 12 sums-up the overall thesis. Wano has 11 consonantal and 5 vocalic phonemes expressed through their allophonic variations, consonantal assimilation and vocalic diphthongs. The only fricative phoneme attested is bilabial fricative /Î2/. There are two open and two closed syllable patterns where all consonants are syllable-onset, while approximants can also be syllable-coda. Vowels are syllable-nucleus. Stress is syllable-final which will be penultimate in cliticization. The phonology-morphology interface provides a significant contribution to the shaping of conjugational verbs, which, in turn, plays an essential role to an understanding of Wano verbal system where distinction between roots, stems, citation forms, sequential forms and tense-aspect-mood is defined. Wano is a polysynthetic language that displays an agglutinative-fusional morphology. Although the alienable-inalienable noun distinction is essentially simple in its morphology, the sex-distinction of the possessor between kin terms allows room for semantic-pragmatic complexity in the interpretation of their various uses. Wano has four non-verbal predications, consists of experiential event, nominal, adjectival, and deictic predicates. Wano is a verb-final language that allows pronominal pro-drop and has no rigid word order for arguments. A clause may consist only of (i) a single verb, (ii) a single inalienable noun, (iii) a serial verb construction, (iv) a combination of an inalienable noun with a verb, and or (v) a combination of an inalienable noun with a serial verb construction. To maintain discourse coherency, Wano makes use of tail-head linkage construction. The thesis consists of: pre-sections (i-xxxiii), contents (1-478), bibliography (479-498), and appendices (499-594) that include verb paradigms, noun paradigms, some oral texts and dialectal wordlist.
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Abdunnabi, Awad Wanis. "A descriptive grammar of Libyan Arabic : a structural method." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.370015.
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Nakao, Shuichiro. "A Grammar of Juba Arabic." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/225334.
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Harley, Matthew Whitelaw. "A descriptive grammar of Tuwuli, a Kwa language of Ghana." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.428555.
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Soukka, Maria. "A descriptive grammar of Noon, a Cangin language of Senegal." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1999. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28800/.
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Noon is a West-Atlantic language of the Cangin subgroup, spoken by 25 000 people in central Senegal, in and around the town of Thies. The aim of this study is to provide a full grammatical description of Noon, since no such study has been done on the language. We have not followed a specific linguistic model as framework, but rather tried to work from the classical approach of presenting the structures in the grammatical units of the language, from morphology to discourse, All analysis is presented with language examples from data collected in the Thies area over the years 1994-1998. The study is divided into 11 chapters, followed by a short interlinearised text sample with a free translation. The first chapter presents a brief overview of the phonology and the morphophonological processes that take place in affixation. Another important feature described in this section is the restricted regressive vowel harmony process, based on the ATR feature. In chapters 2-3, the nominal system is described, including the noun class system of 6 basic classes with which most nominals are in agreement. There is also a threefold locative distinction present in determined nominals. This locative distinction is further elaborated in the demonstratives. Chapter 4 treats prepositions and adverbs. In chapters 5-6, verbal morphology and the verb phrase are presented, A major feature of the Noon verb is the derivational affixation which, apart from carrying aspectual information, also has bearing on the valency of the verb. The conjugational system is based on affixation, but also on the use of auxiliaries and particles. Chapter 7 deals with conjunctions, particles and interjections, and chapter 8 treats clause structures: independent ones, both verbal and non-verbal, but also dependent clauses. In chapter 9, different simple sentence types are described, followed by the complex sentences, including serial and reduplicative types. Chapter 10 depicts some important features that occur on the discourse level such as the wider use of spatial deixis in temporal and textual references. Finally, in chapter 11 is presented a comparative view of some of the major dialect differences in Noon.
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Barasa, David. "Ateso Grammar: A descriptive account of an Eastern Nilotic Language." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25182.
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This study discusses the structure of Ateso, an Eastern Nilotic language. Based on interview and recorded data from fieldwork conducted in both Uganda and Kenya, where Ateso is spoken, the study provides the first comprehensive description of the phonology, morphology and syntax of the language. The main findings of this study are as follows: The key feature of Ateso's phonological structure is that vowel alternation strategies are constrained by three harmony rules: root-control, feature-control, and, finally, mid-vowel assimilation. While Ateso shares this structure with the other Eastern Nilotic languages, it has its unique features as well. For example, while the other members of the Eastern Nilotic family have lost the vowel */ä/, Ateso has retained it phonetically. Ateso's noun morphology has noun-inflectional affixes associated with gender- and number marking. The language employs noun prefixes for gender and uses suffixes to express number and to derive words from others. With regard to its verbal morphology, Ateso verb forms are inflected for a variety of functions. Inflectional categories such as person, number, tense, aspect and mood are marked on the verb either segmentally or supra-segmentally. Tense is expressed suprasegmentally by tone on the nucleus of verb roots, while different morphemes mark person, number, aspect and mood. The discussion of Ateso verb morphology covers verbal derivations and extensions; namely, causatives, ventives, itives, datives, iterative, passives and instrumentals. Regarding its syntactic structure, as a VS/VO language, Ateso allows for a complete clause made up of an inflected verb only, or an inflected verb followed by one or two NPs/or an NP and a pronoun. The language can also have sentence structures involving strategies such as coordination, subordination and clause chaining.
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Yamamoto, Kyosuke. "A semantic approach to Ilocano Grammar." Kyoto University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/242310.
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Konnerth, Linda. "A Grammar of Karbi." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/17928.
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Karbi is a Tibeto-Burman (TB) language spoken by half a million people in the Karbi Anglong district in Assam, Northeast India, and surrounding areas in the extended Brahmaputra Valley area. It is an agglutinating, verb-final language.
This dissertation offers a description of the dialect spoken in the hills of the Karbi Anglong district. It is primarily based on a corpus that was created during a total of fifteen months of original fieldwork, while building on and expanding on research reported by Grüßner in 1978. While the exact phylogenetic status of Karbi inside TB has remained controversial, this dissertation points out various putative links to other TB languages.
The most intriguing aspect of Karbi phonology is the tone system, which carries a low functional load. While three tones can be contrasted on monosyllabic roots, the rich agglutinating morphology of Karbi allows the formation of polysyllabic words, at which level tones lose most of their phonemicity, while still leaving systematic phonetic traces.
Nouns and verbs represent the two major word classes of Karbi at the root level; property-concept terms represent a subclass of verbs.
At the heart of Karbi morphosyntax, there are two prefixes of Proto-TB provenance that have diachronically shaped the grammar of the language: the possessive prefix a- and the nominalizer ke-. Possessive a- attaches to nouns that are modified by preposed elements and represents the most frequent morpheme in the corpus. Nominalization involving ke- forms the basis for a variety of predicate constructions, including most of Karbi subordination as well as a number of main clause constructions. In addition to nominalization, subordination commonly involves clause chaining.
Noun phrases may be marked for their clausal role via -phān `non-subject' or -lòng `locative' but frequently remain unmarked for role. Their pragmatic status can be indicated with information structure markers for topic, focus, and additivity.
Commonly used discourse constructions include elaborate expressions and parallelism more generally, general extenders, copy verb constructions, as well as a number of final particles.
Audio files are available of the texts given in the appendices, particular examples illustrating phonological issues, and phonetic recordings of tone minimal sets.
Supplemental files are located at: https://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/xmlui/handle/1794/13657
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Lutalo, Kiingi Sam. "A descriptive grammar of morphosyntactic constructions in Ugandan Sign Language (UgSL)." Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2014. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/10566/.
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The Ugandan Deaf Community, consisting of approximately 25,000 sign language users, has seen significant developments in its recent history. Government recognition of sign language, establishment of schools for the deaf, and the beginnings of research into Ugandan Sign Language (UgSL) have been important milestones. While Deaf Ugandans are entering university level education for the first time, a number of challenges to the community remain. The aim of this thesis is to investigate the linguistic structures of UgSL in order to produce a description of the language’s morphosyntax. There is a close relationship between word (or sign) properties and syntactic expressions, so UgSL is described here in terms of its morphosyntactic constructions, rather than a differentiation between morphological and syntactic features (cf. Croft 2001; Wilkinson 2013:260). While a substantial number of such descriptions exist for languages outside of Africa, this thesis is the first attempt at describing the morphosyntax of an African sign language. Many African sign languages are severely under-documented, and some are endangered. This study uses an inductive approach and a corpus-based methodology, examining how UgSL signers construct utterances of morphosyntactic complexity. The thesis is in three parts: part I is an introduction and overview of UgSL and also provides the theoretical and methodological background; part II provides a preliminary survey of UgSL grammar to provide a sider context for subsequent chapters; and part III is a detailed survey of five morphosyntactic domains of UgSL. The author is a native Deaf user of UgSL and a member of the Ugandan Deaf Community, as well as being fluent in several other sign languages and participating in international communities of Deaf people.
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Perder, Emil. "A Grammatical Description of Dameli." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för lingvistik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-93888.
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This dissertation aims to provide a grammatical description of Dameli (ISO-639-3: dml), an Indo-Aryan language spoken by approximately 5 000 people in the Domel Valley in Chitral in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province in the North-West of Pakistan. Dameli is a left-branching SOV language with considerable morphological complexity, particularly in the verb, and a complicated system of argument marking. The phonology is relatively rich, with 31 consonant and 16 vowel phonemes. This is the first extensive study of this language. The analysis presented here is based on original data collected primarily between 2003-2008 in cooperation with speakers of the language in Peshawar and Chitral, including the Domel Valley. The core of the data consists of recorded texts and word lists, but questionnaires and paradigms of word forms have also been used. The main emphasis is on describing the features of the language as they appear in texts and other material, rather than on conforming them to any theory, but the analysis is informed by functional analysis and linguistic typology, hypotheses on diachronical developments and comparisons with neighbouring and related languages. The description is divided into sections describing phonology, morphology and syntax, with chapters on a range of individual subjects such as particular word classes and phrase types, phonological and syntactical phenomena. This is not intended to be an exhaustive reference grammar; some topics are only touched upon briefly while others are treated in more detail and suggestions for further research are given at various points throughout the work.
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Outhwaite, Benjamin Mathew. "A descriptive grammar of the medieval Hebrew of the Cairo Geniza letters." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2000. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/270323.
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Kondic, Snjezana. "A Grammar of South Eastern Huastec, a Maya Language from Mexico." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO20052.
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La documentation et description du huastèque du sud-est (code d’Ethnologue HSF), une langue Maya du Mexique, est un projet doctoral en cotutelle entre l’ University of Sydney, Australie et l’Université Lyon 2 Lumière, France. La première partie de cette these (le Volume 1) consiste en la description grammaticale de cette langue Maya: sa phonologie, sa morphologie et sa syntaxe, ainsi que la description de l’expression de l’espace dans cette langue. Le Volume 2 de cette thèse représente les contes en HSF, une description deétaillée du projet de documentation, un long résumé en français, et les matériels pour la revitalisation de la langue<br>The documentation and description of South Eastern Huastec (Ethnologue code HSF), a Mayan language from Mexico, is a PhD project carried out in cotutelle between the University of Sydney, Australia and the Université Lyon 2 Lumière, France. The first part (the Volume 1) of this thesis is a grammatical description of this Mayan language: its Phonology, Morphology, and Syntax, as well as its Space encoding. The second volume (the Volume 2) of this thesis comprises HSF stories, a detailed description of the documentation project, a detailed summary in French, and the HSF revitalization materials
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Amonette, Maria Mohr. "Beyond the ESL grammar classroom : a descriptive study of transfer of grammatical instruction /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9435.
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Theledi, Kgomotso Mothokhumo Ambitious. "Descriptive nominal modifiers in Setswana." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52755.
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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2002.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT:
The study focused on three descriptive nominal modifiers which specify the attributes of
nouns, i.e. the morphological adjective, the relative clause and the descriptive possessive.
The morphological adjective appears in an adjectival phrase, which has to consist of a
determiner and an adjective. The adjective must have agreement with the head noun in
an NP. The adjective root may appear with nominal suffixes such as -ana and -gadi, it can
be reduplicated, it may be transposed to other categories and it may even be
compounded. The AP may also occur in predicative position as well as in comparative
clauses.
The relative clause may have the same semantic properties as the adjective. The relative
clause in Setswana consists of a determiner in the position of the complementizer followed
by an lP. Such an lP may have a copulative or non-copulative verb. Attention in this study
has focused on the nominal relative, which appears as a complement of a copulative verb.
These nominal relative stems have been divided into two sections, i.e. a section in which
the nominal relative stems may not appear in a descriptive possessive construction and a
second section where these stems may also appear as a complement of the possessive
[a]. The semantic features of these nominal relative stems have been isolated and it is
clear that they show a wide variety of semantic features. This type of relative clause
represents the most prolific category, which specifies the attributes of nouns.
The third category, which displays the semantic feature of an attribute of a noun, is the
descriptive possessive construction. The syntactic and semantic structure of this type of
phrase has been investigated. A wide variety of complements of the possessive [a] have
been isolated in Setswana and some semantic features have received specific attention,
i.e. group nouns and partitives.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING:
Die studie fokus op drie deskriptiewe nominale bepalers wat die attribute van naamwoorde
spesifiseer nl. die morfologiese adjektief, die relatief en die deskriptiewe possessief.
Die morfologiese adjektief kom voor in 'n adjektieffrase wat bestaan uit 'n bepaler en 'n
adjektief. Die adjektief moet klasooreenstemming hê met die kernnaamwoord in 'n
naamwoordfrase. Die adjektiefstam kan voorkom met nominale suffikse soos ana en gadi,
dit kan geredupliseer word, oorgeplaas word na ander kategorieë en selfs samestellings
vorm. Die adjektieffrase kan ook voorkom in 'n predikatiewe posisie sowel as in
vergelykings.
Die relatief kan dieselfde semantiese eienskappe hê as die adjektief. Die relatief in
Setswana bestaan uit 'n bepaler in die posisie van die komplementeerder gevolg deur 'n
infleksiefrase. So 'n infleksiefrase kan 'n kopulatiewe of nie-kopulatiewe werkwoord bevat.
Die aandag in hierdie studie het gekonsentreer op die nominale relatief wat voorkom as 'n
komplement van 'n kopulatiewe werkwoord. Hierdie nominale relatiewe stamme is verdeel
in twee afdelings nl. 'n afdeling waarin die nominale relatiewe stamme nie kan voorkom in
'n deskriptiewe possessiewe konstruksie en 'n tweede afdeling waar hierdie stamme ook
kan voorkom as 'n komplement van die possessiewe [a]. Die semantiese kenmerke van
hierdie nominale relatiewe stamme is geïsoleer en dit is duidelik dat hulle 'n wye
verskeidenheid van semantiese kenmerke het. Hierdie tipe relatief verteenwoordig In baie
wye keuse t.o.v. die attribute van naamwoorde.
Die derde kategorie wat die semantiese kenmerk van 'n attribuut van 'n naamwoord
vertoon, is die deskriptiewe possessiewe konstruksie. Die sintaktiese en semantiese
struktuur van hierdie tipe frase is nagegaan. 'n Groot verskeidenheid komplemente van die
possessiewe [a] is geïsoleer in Setswana en sommige semantiese kenmerke het
spesifieke aandag gekry nl. groepnaamwoorde en partitiiewe.
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Agyeman, Nana Ama. "A descriptive grammar of Efutu (southern Ghana) with a focus on serial verb constructions : a language documentation study." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2016. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/23586/.
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This thesis presents a language-documentation-based description of aspects of the grammar of Efutu (Niger-Congo, Kwa, Southern-Guan), spoken in Winneba, a coastal town in the Central Region of Ghana, West Africa, by a group of fisherfolks. The thesis is in two parts. As the language is previously under-studied, the first part presents a general description of the basic phonology, morphology and syntax. Topics in the first part therefore include the sound system (vowels and consonants), tone, and some prominent phonological processes (vowel harmony, homorganic nasal assimilation); parts of speech; and tense, aspect, mood and negation. Part two focuses on serial verb constructions (SVCs), a prominent feature identified in the grammar of Efutu. SVCs from the documentation corpus are analysed using a set of criteria that help to classify them into groups. The methodology of such an analysis is considered to be data-driven. In addition to the data-driven methodology, a typological classification from Aikhenvald (2006) is adopted as a complementary approach to the analysis, especially, regarding the classification of SVCs. Various semantic types of SVCs, categorised as compositionally symmetrical or asymmetrical are identified and analysed. The means by which SVCs are used in expressing various meanings and functions in the grammar of the language are examined in some detail. Other properties of the SVCs, such as argument sharing and marking of grammatical categories, are also analysed. The documentation of the language mainly involves audio and video recordings of various speech and cultural events, as well as still photos and some texts, all generated through fieldwork totalling approximately fifteen months at three different stages. The recorded materials have been annotated (transcribed, translated, glossed, commented) in collaboration with native speakers in the field. The annotated corpus is then used as a basis for the description of the grammar of the language in this thesis.
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Lindström, Eva. "Topics in the grammar of Kuot, a non-Austronesian language of New Ireland, Papua New Guinea." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för lingvistik, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-19184.
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This thesis describes certain areas in the grammar of the little-known Kuot language, spoken by some 1,500 people in New Ireland Province in Papua New Guinea. Kuot is an isolate, and is the only non-Austronesian (Papuan) language of that province. The analyses presented here are based on original data from 18 months of linguistic fieldwork. The first chapter provides an overview of Kuot grammar, and gives details of earlier mentions of the language, and of data collection and the fieldwork situation. The second chapter presents information about the prehistory and history of the area, the social system, kinship system and culture of Kuot speakers, as well as dialectal variation and prognosis of survival of the language. Chapter three treats Kuot phonology, with particular emphasis on the factors that govern allophonic variation, and on the expression of word stress and the functions of intonation. Word classes and the criteria used to define them are presented in Chapter four, which also contains a discussion of types of morphemes in Kuot. The last chapter describes in some detail the class of nouns in Kuot, their declensions, non-singular formation, and the properties of grammatical gender. Appendices give the full set of person-marking forms in Kuot, a transcription of a recorded text with interlinear glossing and translation, the Swadesh 100-word list for Kuot, and diagrams of kin relations and terminology<br><p>För att köpa boken skicka en beställning till exp@ling.su.se/ To order the book send an e-mail to exp@ling.su.se</p>
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Holmberg, Mattias. "A Construction Grammar Analysis of the expression /on the one hand...on the other hand/." Thesis, Stockholm University, Department of English, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-8124.
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<p>The expression /on the one hand…on the other hand/ (OH1 OH2) is a fixed linguistic pattern which is used to emphasize the comparison between two possibly complex propositions (henceforth X and Y). The static syntactic form of the pattern and the specific semantic comparison it evokes are strong indicators that it is a construction of the type discussed in the analytical method Construction Grammar (henceforth CxG). Thus, the aim of this essay is to argue that the pattern OH1X OH2Y is a CxG construction with specific syntactic and semantic constraints, and at the same time to give a descriptive account of the features of the construction. The British National Corpus was used to get examples containing the pattern. The syntactic and semantic features of these examples were analysed and the results were compared with how the traditional descriptive grammarians account for the pattern.</p>
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Urschel, Linda K. "A descriptive study of basic writing instruction in the Christian College Coalition." Virtual Press, 1992. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/862274.
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This study reports information received from basic writing instructors at colleges in the Christian College Coalition, a group of 77 Christian, liberal arts colleges in the U. S. and Canada. Respondents completed a questionnaire and submitted sample syllabi and writing assignments. The study compares data from the respondents to current theories of basic writing instruction, most notably those of Andrea Lunsford and Mike Rose. It also compares the results to a similar study of all colleges by Joe Trimmer.The study found that the Christian College Coalition population was similar to the national population with regard to placement methods, textbook choice, and course goals. However, the study showed that a significant portion of basic writing courses are taught by tenure track English department faculty members. This finding represents a strength of this population as the national study showed that almost no basic writing courses were taught by tenure track faculty. In addition, the atmosphere of the small, Christian liberal arts colleges encourages low teacher/student ratios and more contact between faculty members and students in writing classes. These are areas of strength the Coalition schools should develop further.This study also reports and analyzes actual writing assignments and syllabi, some of the course materials Stephen North calls "lore." The examination of these materials shows more clearly than survey responses the types of writing students are actually doing in basic writing classes.<br>Department of English
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Poortvliet, Marjolein. "Perception and predication : a synchronic and diachronic analysis of Dutch descriptive perception verbs as evidential copular verbs." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2018. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:71136ea5-67a8-4a76-ad8d-e0c26e820c45.
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Descriptive perception verbs have failed to receive a uniform analysis in previous verb classifications (cf. Chomsky 1965, Rogers 1974, Hengeveld 1992, Levin 1993, Van Eynde et al. 2014). This thesis argues that the descriptive perception verbs in Dutch (i.e. eruitzien 'look', klinken 'sound', voelen 'feel', ruiken 'smell', and smaken 'taste') should be classified as copular verbs, much like lijken 'seem' and schijnen 'seem'. This classification is supported by both the synchronic and diachronic behaviour of these verbs in Dutch. Synchronically, proposing that Germanic copular verbs (as opposed to copulas) are defined by their syntax rather than their (empty) semantics, I discuss that the Dutch descriptive perception verbs behave like stereotypical copular verbs: they require a predicative complement, usually in the form of an adjective. Semantically, the Dutch descriptive perception verbs are much like the copular verbs blijken 'turn out', lijken 'seem' and schijnen 'seem' in terms of epistemicity and evidentiality. Diachronically, I hypothesize that the Dutch descriptive perception verbs have evolved from one of the following two origins: either from intransitive verbs (as is the case for klinken and ruiken), much like English remain, through grammaticalization processes of semantic bleaching and reanalysis; or from cognitive perception verbs (as is the case of eruitzien and voelen), as found in Latin, Japanese and Zulu, through the process of argument reordering. The origin of smaken is not clear, and is left for future research. I show that other Germanic evidential copular verbs (i.e. lijken, schijnen 'seem', scheinen 'seem', seem) have developed diachronically in a uniform fashion, suggesting the following grammaticalization path: from a lexical verb to a copular verb, to taking a that-complement, an infinitival complement or a like-complement, and eventually being used in parenthetical constructions. The results of this thesis indicate that the Dutch descriptive perception verbs are only at the beginning of this grammaticalization path, but are on their way to becoming grammaticalized evidential copular verbs.
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Silva, Neide Domingues da. "Os advérbios com -mente e a forma (-)ment(e): um estudo relacionado à heterogeneidade adverbial." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/7662.
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Previous issue date: 2017-06-26<br>The main objective of this research is to investigate, in Modern Portuguese, the heterogeneity of the adverbs with -mente and the form (-)ment(e). We question the homogeneous categorization of the adverbs as “adverbial adjuncts”, included among the “accessory terms of the sentence” which, according to Faraco and Moura (1988, p. 328), “are not indispensable for the understanding of the statement” and, according to Nicola and Infante (1991, p. 280), “it is not in them that one finds the significant nucleus of the various parts that form the sentence”. We assume that adverbs constitute a heterogeneous category of words that can not be generalized either as “adjuncts” or as “accessories”. We base this study, on quantitative and qualitative descriptive character, especially in Quirk et al. (1985) and Kovacci (1999), who recognize the adverbial heterogeneity, respectively, in English and Spanish, postulates that allow to analyze adverbs in Modern Portuguese. Also, based on Karlsson (1981), we present reflections on the adverbs heterogeneity with -mente and the form (-)ment(e) in Latin and Neolatine languages. From the concept of “phrasal affix” (TORNER, 2005a), we compared -mente to other affixes in Modern Portuguese. Thus, we demonstrated -mente functional traits that allow its categorization as “almost affix” (TORNER, 2005a). Concerning this, according to Bechara (2009, p. 293), adverbs with -mente “are halfway, phonologically and morphologically, of derivation and composition”. In order to prove the heterogeneity of the adverbs with -mente, we have selected 165 adverbial occurrences with -mente in Letters to the Reader, from Veja Magazine, published from 2001 to 2015, allocated at <https://acervo.veja.abril.com.br/#/editions>. We described and analyzed these data from the adverbial adjunctivity tests proposed by Quirk et al. (1985). According to this theoretical support, we categorized the research data as adverbial adjunct (51,51%), adverbial subjunct (38,18%), adverbial disjunct (9,69%) and adverbial conjunct (0,62%). Thus, we concluded that the adverbs with -mente in Letters to the Reader, from Veja Magazine, function, predominantly, as an adverbial adjunct, more concrete, more lexical than the other parametrized adverbial categories. Besides this quantitative reflection, we recognized that the adverbs with -mente can subjectivate journalistic discourse, which is based on the premise of the objective placement of the facts. We also noted that adverbs with -mente are words formed by pseudoderivation, an oscillating process between derivation and composition. Therefore, we ratified our adverbial heterogeneity hypothesis, specially, in respect to -mente adverbs and the form (-)ment(e).<br>O objetivo principal desta pesquisa é investigar, em Português Moderno, a heterogeneidade dos advérbios com -mente e da forma (-)ment(e). Questionamos a homogênea categorização dos advérbios como “adjuntos adverbiais”, incluídos entre os “termos acessórios da oração” que, de acordo com Faraco e Moura (1988, p. 328), “não são indispensáveis para o entendimento do enunciado” e, conforme Nicola e Infante (1991, p. 280), “não é neles que se encontra o núcleo significativo das várias partes que formam a oração”. Cogitamos que os advérbios constituem uma categoria heterogênea de palavras que não podem ser generalizadas nem como “adjuntos”, nem como “acessórios”. Restringimos nosso recorte epistemológico aos advérbios com -mente e à forma (-)ment(e). Fundamentamos esse estudo, de cunho descritivista quantitativo e qualitativo, sobretudo, em Quirk et al. (1985) e Kovacci (1999), que reconhecem a heterogeneidade adverbial, respectivamente, em Inglês e Espanhol, postulações que permitem analisar advérbios em Português Moderno. Outrossim, com base em Karlsson (1981), apresentamos reflexões sobre a heterogeneidade dos advérbios com -mente e da forma (-)ment(e) em Latim e línguas neolatinas. A partir do conceito de “afixo frasal” (TORNER, 2005a), comparamos -mente a outros afixos em Português Moderno. Assim, demonstramos traços funcionais de -mente que permitem categorizá-lo como “quase afixo” (TORNER, 2005a). Acerca disso, de acordo com Bechara (2009, p. 293), os advérbios com -mente “ficam a meio caminho, fonológica e morfologicamente, da derivação e da composição”. A fim de comprovarmos a heterogeneidade dos advérbios com -mente, selecionamos 165 ocorrências de advérbios com -mente em Cartas ao Leitor, da Revista Veja, publicadas de 2001 a 2015, alocadas em <https://acervo.veja.abril.com.br/#/editions>. Descrevemos e analisamos esses dados a partir de testes de adjuntividade adverbial propostos por Quirk et al. (1985). De acordo com esse suporte teórico, categorizamos os dados de pesquisa como adjunto adverbial (51,51%), subjunto adverbial (38,18%), disjunto adverbial (9,69%) e conjunto adverbial (0,62%). Assim, concluímos que os advérbios com -mente em Cartas ao Leitor, da Revista Veja, funcionam, predominantemente, como adjunto adverbial, mais concreto, mais lexical do que as demais categorias adverbiais parametrizadas. Além dessa reflexão quantitantiva, reconhecemos que os advérbios com -mente podem subjetivar o discurso jornalístico, que se fundamenta na premissa da veiculação objetiva dos fatos. Constatamos também que os advérbios com -mente são palavras formadas por pseudoderivação, um processo oscilante entre a derivação e a composição. Por conseguinte, ratificamos nossa hipótese de heterogeneidade adverbial, principalmente, no que concerne aos advérbios com -mente e à forma (-)ment(e).
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Omatete, Alonge-Dikonda. "Description syntaxique de la langue tetela." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/213652.
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Petrollino, Sara. "A grammar of Hamar." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE2176.
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Cette étude est la toute première tentative de description complète de la grammaire du hamar, une langue parlée par environ 46.500 personnes dans le sud-ouest de l'Ethiopie (Lewis 2009). L'étude est basée sur des données collectées pendant 9 mois de travail sur le terrain entre 2013 et 2014 dans les territoires des Hamar. Les données sur la langue ont été recueillies auprès de 14 locuteurs natifs dans les villages hamar, et sont composées de 50 textes de longueurs et de genres différents. Cette grammaire décrit la phonologie, la morphologie, la syntaxe et certains aspects de la pragmatique et du discours du hamar et est organisée en 13 chapitres suivis par trois annexes : l'annexe A et B se composent d'un lexique sélectionné d’environ 1 400 entrées, l’annexe C contient trois textes hamar annotés. L'analyse qui sous-tend cette monographie grammaticale suit le cadre théorique Basic Linguistic Theory (la théorie linguistique de base - Dixon 1997, 2010, 2012)<br>This study is the first-ever attempt at a comprehensive grammatical description of Hamar, a language spoken in South West Ethiopia by approximately 46.500 people (Lewis 2009). The study is based on 9 months of fieldwork carried out between 2013and 2014 in Hamar territories. Language data was gathered from 14 native speakers in Hamar villages, and it amounts to 50 texts of varying lengths and genres. The grammar investigates the phonology, the morphology, the syntax and somepragmatic and discourse-related features of Hamar and it is organized in 13 chapters followed by three appendices: appendix A and B consist of a selected lexicon of circa 1400 entries, appendix C includes three annotated Hamar texts.The analysis underlying this monograph grammar follows the theoretical framework of Basic Linguistic Theory (Dixon 1997, 2010, 2012)
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Mheta, Gift. "A contextual analysis of compound nouns in Shona lexicography." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2011. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_2459_1320660934.
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This research is in the area of lexicography and investigates the relationship between Shona terminology development and the culture of the language community for which the terminology is intended. It is a contextual analysis of compound nouns found in Shona terminological dictionaries. The study specifically explores how lexicographers together with health, music, language and literature specialists make use of their knowledge about Shona cultural contexts in the creation of compound nouns. Thus, this research foregrounds Shona socio-cultural contexts and meaning generation in terminology development. This study employs a quadruple conceptual framework. The four components of the framework that are utilised are the Traditional Descriptive Approach (TDA), Cognitive Approach (CG), Systemic Functional Approach (SFL), and Semiotic Remediation (SRM). TDA is used in the linguistic categorisation of Shona compound nouns. In addition, it provides the metalanguage with which to describe the constituent parts of Shona compound nouns. As TDA is mainly confined to the linguistic dimension, this research employs CG, SFL, and SRM to explore the cultural and socio-cognitive dimensions of terminology development.
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Kallmeyer, Laura. "Tree description grammars and underspecified representations." Philadelphia, PA : Inst. for Research in Cognitive Science, Univ. of Pennsylvania, 1999. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB8528428.
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Tavares, Moreira Ana Karina. "Documentation et description grammaticale et lexicale du créole afro-portugais de l'île de Fogo (République du Cap-Vert, Afrique de l'Ouest)." Thesis, Paris, INALCO, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020INAL0028.
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Cette thèse est la première description générale du créole capverdien de l'île de Fogo (Afrique de l’Ouest), parlé par la quasi-totalité des 40 000 habitants de cette île ainsi que par de nombreuses personnes qui en sont originaires. Ce travail détaille la structure linguistique de cette variété à partir de données recueillies lors d’enquêtes de terrain effectuées entre 2016 et 2019. Cette thèse se compose de neuf chapitres : (1) introduction, (2) phonologie, (3), structure syllabique, (4) accent tonique, (5) morphologie nominale, (6) morphologie verbale, (7) syntaxe, (8) particularités lexicales et (9) conclusion. Ce travail apporte de nouveaux éléments pour l'analyse synchronique et diachronique du créole capverdien. Elle fournit aussi des données comparatives et partant des pistes pour la reconstruction de la famille linguistique des Créole Portugais de L'Afrique de l'Ouest (CPAO), dont le capverdien fait partie. Ces données démontrent notamment que la variété de Fogo s'est distinguée précocement des autres CPAO et présente des caractéristiques uniques au sein de cet ensemble.Cette étude apporte également des données historiques sur la découverte, le peuplement, les échanges commerciaux et maritimes, la structure sociale et les caractéristiques sociolinguistiques de l'île de Fogo, et montre comment ces caractéristiques et ces contraintes ont façonné le paysage linguistique de la dite île<br>This thesis is the first book-length description of the Portuguese Creole spoken on the island of Fogo (Cape Verde, West-Africa), spoken by most of the 40,000 island’s inhabitants as well as by its diaspora. This work provides an insight on the linguistic structure of this variety, based on data collected during fieldwork occurred between 2016 and 2019. This study comprises with nine chapters, namely (1) introduction, (2) phonology, (3) syllabic structure, (4), stress, (5) nominal morphology, (6) verbal morphology, (7) syntax, (8) lexical peculiarities and (9) conclusion.This thesis brings new elements both to the synchronic and diachronic analysis of Cape Verdean Creole. At the same time, it contributes with comparative data for the reconstruction of the Upper Guinea Portuguese Creole (UGPC) language family. These data show in particular that Fogo Cape Verdean emerged quite early as a distinct variety among UGPCs and illustrate the main characteristics of this variety.This thesis also provides historical data on the discovery, settlement, trade connections, maritime interactions, social structure and sociolinguistics of the island of Fogo, and shows the role played by these elements in the development and shaping of Fogo’s unique linguistic makeup
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Guerois, Rozenn. "A grammar of Cuwabo (Bantu P34, Mozambique)." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO20032.
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Le cuwabo est une langue bantoue parlée par plus de 800.000 locuteurs au Nord-Est du Mozambique. Elle est répertoriée sous le code P34 selon la classification de Guthrie et appartient donc au groupe makhuwa (P30). Le cuwabo se divise en cinq variétés: le cuwabo central, le karungu, le mayindo, le nyaringa, et le manyawa. Ce travail se base sur le cuwabo central parlé dans le district de Quelimane. Des données de première main ont pu être collectées auprès d’une dizaine de locuteurs, lors de trois terrains réalisés entre 2011 et 2013, totalisant 10 mois. Cette thèse fournit une description grammaticale de la langue couvrant en détail les domaines de la phonologie et de la morphosyntaxe. La phonologie comprend deux chapitres : le premier est dédié à la phonologie segmentale tandis que le deuxième analyse le fonctionnement du système tonal de la langue. Notons que le cuwabo est l’unique langue P30 ayant retenu un ton lexical contrastif sur les thèmes lexicaux et verbaux. Morphologiquement, le syntagme nominal est dominé par un riche système d’accords des classes nominales, typique dans les langues bantoues. Le verbe cuwabo a une morphologie de type agglutinant, qui renferme un riche système de Temps-Aspect-Mode combinant préfixes et suffixes finaux. Il convient de noter l’existence de plusieurs enclitiques selon les constructions (enclitiques locatifs, enclitiques pronoms personnels dans les relatives, enclitiques comitatif ou instrumental). Enfin, la syntaxe s’étend sur trois chapitres : le premier s’intéresse aux constructions prédicatives verbales et non-verbales ; le deuxième s’intéresse aux constructions relatives et à la formation des questions ; le dernier aborde la question de l’ordre des constituants en lien avec la structure informationnelle. Les domaines préverbaux et postverbaux sont examinés, ainsi que leur interaction avec le marquage morphologique sur le verbe qui distingue les formes conjointes et les formes disjointes. L’annexe de cette thèse compile sept textes, glosés et traduits, qui permettent d’illustrer en contexte un grand nombre d’items grammaticaux présentés dans les chapitres descriptifs<br>Cuwabo is a Bantu language, spoken by more than 800,000 people (INE 2007) in the north-eastern part of Mozambique. It is numbered P34 in Guthrie’s classification, and thus belongs to the P30 Makhuwa group. Cuwabo can be subdivided into five main varieties: central Cuwabo, Karungu, Mayindo, Nyaringa, and Manyawa. This work is based on central Cuwabo spoken in the district of Quelimane. First-hand data were recorded from 10 speakers in the course of three fieldtrips realised between 2011 and 2013, achieving a total duration of 10 months. This thesis provides a grammatical description of the language, covering in detail its phonology and its morphosyntax. Phonology is divided into two chapters: the first is devoted to segmental phonology whereas the second describes the tonal system of the language. Note that Cuwabo is the only P30 language whose nominal and verbal stems have retained a lexical tone contrast. Morphologically, the noun phrase is marked by a rich agreement system ruled by the noun classes, as typical in Bantu. Cuwabo has a highly agglutinative verbal morphology, which conveys a rich Tense-Aspect-Mood system combining both prefixes and final suffixes. Note the existence of several enclitics depending on the constructions (locative enclitics, personal pronoun enclitics in relative clauses, comitative or instrumental enclitics). The last three chapters address syntactic issues: the first presents a description of the basic clause structure, involving verbal and non-verbal predication; the second looks into the relative constructions in close interaction with question formation; the last one investigates word order and information structure in Cuwabo. Preverbal and postverbal constituents are examined, as well as their interaction with the morphological marking on the verb, distinguishing conjoint and disjoint tenses. The appendix contains seven Cuwabo texts glossed and translated into English, which allow to illustrate in context many of the grammatical items presented in the descriptive chapters
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Boro, Krishna. "A Grammar of Hakhun Tangsa." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/22739.
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Hakhun Tangsa is one of around eighty ethnic and linguistic communities called Tangsa or Tangshang. Hakhuns live mostly in Arunachal Pradesh, India, and in Sagaing Division, Myanmar. The number of speakers is estimated at around ten thousand. Hakhun is a Tibeto-Burman language, and it forms a subgroup with Nocte, Wancho, Phom, Konyak, Chang, and Khiamngan called Konyak or Northern Naga.
Hakhun is a tonal language with twenty-two consonants, six vowels, and a simple syllable structure. Open word classes include Nouns and Verbs; property concept terms form a subclass of verbs. Noun roots are mostly monosyllabic, and most multisyllabic nouns are compounds. Nominal morphology includes prossessive prefixes and a set of semantically specific suffixes. Case is coded by postpositions.
Verb roots are also mostly monosyllabic. A few verbs have suppletive stems. Verb serialization is common, and expresses complex events like resultative and sequential. A few grammaticalized verbs/elements contribute abstract meanings like phase, associated motion, causative, benefactive, etc. Typical verbal categories are expressed by independent particles. The most extensive and grammatically obligatory set consists of single syllable particles called operators, which express verbal categories like tense, mood, deixis, negation, inverse, and argument indexation. The typical argument indexation pattern is hierarchical. Deviations from this pattern is used to express certain pragmatic effects like affectedness and politeness.
Non-verbal clauses may take overt copulas depending on tense and polarity. Most semantic distinctions, such as equation, property-concepts, quantification, simulation, and location are expressed by the nominal strategy. Existential and possession are expressed by a distinct strategy. Typical verbal clauses include intransitive, transitive, and ditransitive; less typical ones include weather condition, sensation-emotion, reflexive, reciprocal, and ‘need’ constructions. Person-based split-ergativity is seen in case marking, where first and second person singular arguments follow accusative, and the rest ergative alignment. Accusative alignment is also found in argument indexation in non-final clauses. The object alignment is indirective in case marking.
Complement clauses include sentence-like, non-finite, and infinitive complement clauses. Adverbial clauses include various kinds of temporal clauses, temporal/conditional clauses, counterfactual, concessive, purpose, and substitutive clauses. Clause chaining (medial-final) is prevalent. Independent sentences are linked through tail-head linking and through connectives.
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Ahland, Michael, and Michael Ahland. "A GRAMMAR OF NORTHERN MAO (MÀWÉS AAS’È)." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/12456.
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Northern Mao is an endangered Afroasiatic-Omotic language of western Ethiopia with fewer than 5,000 speakers. This study is a comprehensive grammar of the language, written from a functional/typological perspective which embraces historical change as an explanation for synchronic structure.
The grammar introduces the Northern Mao people, aspects of their culture and history, and the major aspects of the language: contrastive phonology, tone phenomena, nouns, pronouns, demonstratives, numerals, noun phrases, verbs and verbal morphology, single verb constructions, non-final/medial clauses, subordinate clauses and alignment.
The tone system has three contrastive levels, where the Mid tones subdivide into two classes which historically derive from two different sources. Nouns each exhibit two tonal melodies: one melody in citation form or other unmodified environments and another melody when syntactically modified.
Extensive coverage is given to developments in the pronominal and subject-marking systems as well as the verbal system. In the pronominal and subject marking systems, innovations include the development of a dual opposition, the fusion of an affirmative verbal prefix to subject prefixes, and the development of these subject prefixes into new pronouns. In the verbal system, innovations include the development of new verbal wordforms from subordinate + final verb periphrastic constructions and a set of new subject markers from an old subordinator morpheme.
The verbal system is oriented around two oppositional relations: realis vs. irrealis and finite vs. infinitive verb forms. Realis and irrealis verbs have distinct item-arrangement patterns: realis verbs take subject prefixes while irrealis verbs take subject suffixes. Realis is associated with affirmative polarity and non-future tense and may be used with many aspectual distinctions. Irrealis is associated with negative polarity, future tense, and counterfactual constructions; irrealis verbs do not express many aspectual distinctions. Finite versus infinitive verb stems are differentiated by tone. Finite verb stems are used in affirmative declarative and interrogative utterances, non-final/medial constructions and the more finite subordinate clause structures. Infinitive verb stems are used in negative declarative and interrogative utterances, non-final/medial constructions and the less finite subordinate clause structures.
The work concludes with a summary of cross-constructional alignment patterns and evaluates the efficacy of a marked-nominative analysis.
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Adhikari, Bidhya. "A brief description of contrastive Nepali and English grammar items." Berlin Viademica-Verl, 2006. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2788659&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.
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Diallo, Abdourahamane. "Grammaire descriptive du pular du Fuuta Jaloo (Guinée) /." Berlin : Peter Lang, 2000. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376249398.
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Roig, Audrey. "Les structures corrélatives isomorphes: étude des propriétés sémantiques, morphologiques et (micro-/macro-) syntaxiques des corrélatives isomorphes en "autant", "ni", "plus", "soit", "tantôt" et "tel"." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209397.
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Français :<br /><p><br /><p>Cette étude porte sur les structures françaises dites "corrélatives", construites en "autant.autant", "ni.ni", "soit.soit", "plus.plus", "tantôt.tantôt" et "tel.tel", soit des corrélatives "isomorphes". Si ces structures mettent toutes en relation deux termes ou structures, nous montrons ici, par le biais de descriptions sémantique, morphologique et syntaxique, que chacune de ces constructions est également très différente. À partir d’exemples tirés de corpus (français oral et écrit), ce travail ambitionne donc de mettre en évidence les propriétés des structures corrélatives isomorphes, de dresser le bilan des caractéristiques qui les unissent et les distinguent les unes des autres. Il a pour second objectif de questionner la place de la corrélation dans la typologie des modes de liaisons de prédications – c’est-à-dire la possibilité ou non d’assimiler les corrélatives françaises à de la subordination, de la coordination ou encore de la juxtaposition. Une tierce finalité, davantage méthodologico-épistémologique, a trait à l’examen de la façon dont les structures corrélatives isomorphes sont prises en compte respectivement en syntaxe traditionnelle, dans les approches graduelles et en macrosyntaxe (aixoise et fribourgeoise) ;il poursuit consécutivement un objectif plus général, celui de trouver une porte de sortie à l’impasse actuelle en syntaxe, née de l’apparente inconciliabilité des trois approches. <br /><p><br /><p>La réponse à ces trois objectifs nécessite une étude en deux étapes. Dans un premier temps, ce travail s'attarde ainsi sur chacune des six structures corrélatives, mettant en évidence leurs ressemblances et dissemblances tant sémantiques que formelles. Cette première étape offre alors la possibilité d’inscrire le phénomène de la corrélation isomorphe dans le cadre général des liaisons de prédications et de confronter plus spécifiquement les propriétés des structures dites "corrélatives" avec celles de ces autres modes de liaisons dans une les modèles 1) binaires ou ternaires des modes de jonctions propositionnelles (approche traditionnelle), 2) graduels (Foley & Van Valin, Rebuschi, Lehmann) et 3) macrosyntaxiques (écoles d'Aix et de Fribourg).<p><p><br /><p><br /><p><br /><p><p>English :<br /><p><br /><p>This project focuses on the study of so-called “correlative” structures in French that use "autant.autant", "ni.ni", "soit.soit", "plus.plus", "tantôt.tantôt" et "tel.tel", that is to say "isomorphic" correlatives. While all these constructions serve to connect two terms or structures, we shall show, through morphological, syntactic and semantic descriptions, that they each possess distinctive features. Using examples drawn from a corpus (French, oral and written), this project thus aims to establish the properties of isomorphic correlative structures, and to identify the characteristics they share and those that distinguish them from one another. The second aim of this project consists in (re-)examining the place of correlation in the typology of predication linking structures in an effort to determine whether or not French correlatives may be considered as a type of subordination, coordination or even juxtaposition. The third objective, which is methodological and epistemological in nature, will consist in studying how traditional syntax, gradual models and macrosyntax have respectively accounted for isomorphic correlative structures. In this way, we shall attempt to break the current deadlock resulting from the apparent incompatibility of the three approaches.<br /><p><br /><p>To reach these three goals, the study will be organized in two phases. First, the various correlative structures will be scrutinized in order to highlight semantic and formal similarities and dissimilarities. This will allow us to position the phenomenon of isomorphic correlation within the general framework of predication linking, and thereby compare the properties of so-called “correlative” structures with those of other linking structures. In the second phase, we will re-examine the place of correlative structures in the models advanced by traditional syntax, by gradual approaches (Foley & Van Valin, Rebuschi, Lehmann) and macrosyntax (Aix and Fribourg).<p><br>Doctorat en Langues et lettres<br>info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Kimoto, Yukinori. "A Grammar of Arta: A Philippine Negrito Langage." Kyoto University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/226793.
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Aslam, Irfan. "Semantic frame based automatic extraction of typological information from descriptive grammars." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-17893.
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This thesis project addresses the machine learning (ML) modelling aspects of the problem of automatically extracting typological linguistic information of natural languages spoken in South Asia from annotated descriptive grammars. Without getting stuck into the theory and methods of Natural Language Processing (NLP), the focus has been to develop and test a machine learning (ML) model dedicated to the information extraction part. Starting with the existing state-of-the-art frameworks to get labelled training data through the structured representation of the descriptive grammars, the problem has been modelled as a supervised ML classification task where the annotated text is provided as input and the objective is to classify the input to one of the pre-learned labels. The approach has been to systematically explore the data to develop understanding of the problem domain and then evaluate a set of four potential ML algorithms using predetermined performance metrics namely: accuracy, recall, precision and f-score. It turned out that the problem splits up into two independent classification tasks: binary classification task and multiclass classification task. The four selected algorithms: Decision Trees, Naïve Bayes, Support VectorMachines, and Logistic Regression belonging to both linear and non-linear families ofML models are independently trained and compared for both classification tasks. Using stratified 10-fold cross validation performance metrics are measured and the candidate algorithms are compared. Logistic Regression provided overall best results with DecisionTree as the close follow up. Finally, the Logistic Regression model was selected for further fine tuning and used in a web demo for typological information extraction tool developed to show the usability of the ML model in the field.
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Nasuf, A. "An automated shape grammar approach to structural design description and optimisation." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2013. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/359741/.
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The main objective of this research is to develop and evaluate an automated design description and optimisation framework based on the Shape Grammar (SG) syntax. In particular, an algorithmic methodology to automate the SG syntax using evolutionary intelligence is proposed. The proposed automation of SG is achieved by mapping the genetic information provided by a Genetic Algorithm (GA) to context-free grammar rules by a means of Backus-Naur Form (BNF) syntax known as Grammatical Evolution (GE). GE is an efficient optimisation tool, which can be used in a variety of optimisation problems. First, its use in single and multi-objective optimisation of mathematical functions is demonstrated. Several techniques for synthesis of variables using specific BNF syntaxes are proposed. The results obtained from numerical experiments are compared with those obtained using a standard GA. Interestingly, the results show a notable improvement in the convergence speed over the standard GA for the functions tested. This observation surpassed expectations, since the GE is based on the GA. The use of GE is then extended to automate the SG syntax by deriving a grammar based design shape description and optimisation framework. To evaluate its efficacy and to demonstrate the concept, this framework is applied to two distinctive classes of problems frequently encountered in engineering practice. The first class of problems is related to shape descriptions and optimisation aspects of structural design. A specific BNF syntax is developed for planar shapes which makes use of four SG rules with arc primitives of variable size given by a radius and an angle of rotation. These SG rules are then used in the synthesis of piecewise parametric curves for the shape description and optimisation of a planar crane hook. The experimental results show superiority in convergence speed when compared to shape optimisation of the same problem based on Non-Uniform Rational B-Spline (NURBS) combined with a GA search strategy. The second class of problems considered here relates to the topology description and optimisation of planar trusses. Several BNF syntaxes are developed to achieve simultaneous topology, size and configuration optimisation. The experimental results thus obtained show good agreement with the results reported in the literature using an alternative truss optimisation method based on GA. Furthermore, by using the proposed truss description and optimisation method the computational expense is significantly reduced. The proposed design description and optimisation framework based on the SG syntax is a fast and efficient design exploration tool. The successful application of this proposed framework combining SG with design exploration in a range of structural problems validates the proposed idea.
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Cetro, Rosa. "Lexique-grammaire et Unitex : quels apports pour une description terminologique bilingue de qualité ? : analyse sur deux corpus comparables de médecine thermale." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00823735.
Full textAbstract:
La terminologie est une science qui étudie les termes, ces unités lexicales véhiculant un sens spécialisé dans un discours scientifique ou technique. Constituée en science dans la première moitié du XXe siècle, la terminologie est un terrain interdisciplinaire qui se nourrit des apports de la linguistique, de la logique et de l'informatique. C'est surtout grâce à cette dernière qu'elle a pu se développer considérablement. Le lexique-grammaire est une méthode de description linguistique strictement empirique d'inspiration harrissienne qui a vu le jour en France à la fin des années 1960. La description linguistique a été menée en parallèle avec la réalisation d'outils informatiques nécessaires à la formalisation et à l'exploitation de ces données, parmi lesquels il y a aussi le logiciel Unitex (Paumier, 2002). Tant le lexique-grammaire que le logiciel Unitex présentent un potentiel intéressant, largement inexploité, pour la terminologie. Dans ce travail, nous nous proposons d'évaluer les apports des méthodes liées au lexique-grammaire et au logiciel Unitex à une description terminologique bilingue de qualité. Après avoir défini des critères de qualité d'une description terminologique, nous menons cette évaluation sur deux corpus comparables ayant trait à la médecine thermale, en français et en italien.
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Rosés, Labrada Jorge Emilio. "The Mako language : vitality, Grammar and Classification." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO20026.
Full textAbstract:
Ce projet vise la documentation et la description du mako, une langue autochtone parlée par environ 1200 personnes dans l’Amazonie vénézuélienne et pour laquelle le seul matériel accessible à date se limite à 38 mots. L’objectif principal est de créer une collection de textes ethnographiques annotés et, à long terme, une grammaire de la langue qui puisse servir comme point de départ pour des activités d’appui au maintien de la langue dans la communauté et pour avancer la recherche linguistique. Un objectif secondaire est d’établir le degré de vitalité de la langue telle que parlée chez les différentes communautés mako. Cette recherche mènera à une description des différents aspects de la grammaire de la langue, par exemple sa phonologie, sa morphologie et sa syntaxe. En plus de contribuer à l’étude et description des autres membres de la famille linguistique sáliba et à la reconstruction de leur proto-langue commune, les données du mako contribueront aussi à des discussions sur comment le langage fonctionne et seront donc un apport précieux pour la théorie linguistique. Cette recherche fera avancer la théorie de la documentation des langues et pourra donc faciliter les efforts de documentation et maintien des langues d’autres communautés indigènes. Le projet constitue une application du modèle de travail de terrain Community-Based Language Research<br>This dissertation focuses on the documentation and description of Mako, an indigenous language spoken in the Venezuelan Amazon by about 1000 people and for which the only available published material at the start of the project were 38 words. The main goals of the project were to create a collection of annotated ethnographic texts and a grammar that could serve as a starting point for both language maintenance in the community and for further linguistic research. Additionally, the project sought to assess the language’s vitality in the communities where it is spoken and to understand the relationship of Mako to the two other extant Sáliban languages, namely Piaroa and Sáliba.This research has thus led to an assessment of language vitality in the Mako communities of the Ventuari River, a comprehensive description of the Mako language—heretofore undescribed—, and an evaluation of the genetic relationship between the three Sáliban languages. The description of the language covers a wide range of topics in areas such as phonetics and phonology, nominal and verbal morphology, and syntax of both simple and complex sentences. Discourse-level morphology and discourse-organization strategies are also covered. Aside from facilitating the study of other members of the Sáliban family and reconstruction of the common ancestral language, the description of Mako also contributes to the typology of Amazonian languages and to our understanding of the pre-history of this area of the Orinoco basin. The products of this project also have the potential to be mobilized in language literacy efforts in the Mako communities
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Vydrina, Alexandra. "A corpus‐based description of Kakabe, a Western Mande language : prosody in grammar." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCF015/document.
Full textAbstract:
Cette thèse fournit une description du kakabé, une langue mandée parlée en Guinée, basée sur un corpus et avec un focus sur le système phonologique. Elle contient une brève esquisse grammaticale et deux parties qui portent sur l'analyse phonologique : la phonologie segmentale et la phonologie suprasegmentale. Les processus concernant les segments phonologiques peuvent être conditionnés par des contraintes métriques, par l'interdiction du hiatus, par le découpage de l’énoncé en phrases prosodiques et par le contexte morphologique. Le kakabé applique diverses stratégies d'adaptation des emprunts (principalement, du poular et du français), telles que l'épenthèse vocalique, la simplification d’agglomérations consonantiques. Le kakabé est une langue à ton (H vs. L), avec downdrift, relèvement du ton H, un ton flottant L, et un certain nombre de processus tonals, tels que l'insertion du ton H, la propagation du ton,l'aplatissement du contour HLH. En conséquence, la distance entre les tons lexicaux sous‐jacents et leur réalisation de surface peut être assez importante. Chacun des processus tonals est appliqué dans une unité prosodique particulière.Par conséquent, les processus tonals participent au découpage du discours en unités prosodiques. Le kakabé comporte des tons de frontière qui servent à signaler la force illocutoire de l'énoncé. Les tons lexicaux et les tons de frontièrecoexistent avec des opérations intonatives sur la courbe F0. Les appendices comprennent un dictionnaire kakabé-français, composé de 3400 entrées, et le corpus de 12 heures de textes en kakabé, transcrits, glosés, traduits etaccompagnés des fichiers vidéos et audios<br>This thesis provides a corpus‐based description of Kakabe, a Mande language spoken in Guinea, with a focus on phonology. It consists of a short grammatical sketch and two parts dedicated to the analysis of the segmental and the suprasegmental phonology. Segmental phonological processes can be conditioned by metrical constraints, the ban on hiatus, prosodic phrasing and morphological context. Vowel deletion and vowel assimilation which serve to resolve hiatus, apply clause‐internally, as well as across clause boundaries. I also describe various strategies of loanword adaptation used in Kakabe, such as vowel epenthesis and consonant cluster simplification. Kakabe is a terraced‐level tone language (H vs. L), featuring downdrift, downstep, H raising, floating L, and a number of tonal processes, such as OCP style H‐insertion between two L domains, tone spread and leveling of HLH contour. As a result, the distance between the underlying lexical tones and their surface realization can be rather important. Each tonal process is applied within one particular prosodic unit. Therefore, tonal processes participate in phrasing the speech into prosodic units.Kakabe uses a number of boundary tones to signal illocutionary force of the utterance. Lexical tones and boundary tones coexists with intonational operations on the F0 curve. Intonational tone raising is associated with the H% and HL%boundary tones. Apart from that, it affects polarity items, the universal quantifier, and other pragmatically prominent lexemes, such as ideophones and intensifiers. The appendices include a Kakabe‐French dictionary, comprising 3400 entries, and an oral corpus of 12 hours of various genres, transcribed, glossed and time‐aligned with audio and video
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Connell, Timothy M. "A Sketch Grammar of Matéq: A Land Dayak Language of West Kalimantan, Indonesia." Thesis, University of Canterbury. School of Social and Political Sciences, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/8912.
Full textAbstract:
Matéq is an Austronesian language of the Land Dayak (Bidayuhic) subgroup spoken by around
10,000–20,000 people in West Kalimantan (Borneo), Indonesia. This thesis presents a sketch
grammar of the language based on linguistic fieldwork conducted from September 2012 to January
2013. Topics discussed in the sketch grammar include the geographic and social context of the
Matéq language, its phonology and elements of its morphosyntax. Major features of Matéq
phonology include the presence of both plain and prenasalised plosives, geminate nasals, and nasal
vowels that contrast with oral vowels in certain positions. In terms of morphosyntax, this study
shows that Matéq has two sets of personal pronouns which encode information about the
generational relationships between speech participants or referents. With respect to grammatical
voice, findings suggest that Matéq has five distinct voice constructions which can be distinguished
on the basis of their morphosyntactic and semantic properties. Each voice construction also tends to
have different pragmatic and TAM associations. This study also shows that Matéq has optional
subject marking with certain verbs, and has both continuous and discontinuous serial verb
constructions.
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Soubrier, Aude. "L’ikposso uwi : phonologie, grammaire, textes, lexique." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO20037/document.
Full textAbstract:
Cette thèse est une description phonologique et grammaticale de l’ikposso uwi, langue de la famille kwa, du phylum Niger-Congo. Elle est parlée au Togo par la population akposso, située dans la Région des Plateaux et comptant environ 150 000 personnes. Cette langue se divise en six dialectes : le logbo, l’uma, l’uwi, le litimé, l’ikponou et l’amou-oblo. Le corpus sur lequel se base cette étude est constitué (i) de 36 textes narratifs, (ii) de phrases élicitées à partir de livres d’images, (iii) du lexique issu de ces données, (iv) ainsi que de phrases d’élicitation libres, généralement en rapport avec les textes. La langue de travail et de traduction a toujours été le français. Phonologie et tonologie : La phonologie segmentale de l’ikposso uwi (chap. 1) est relativement simple. Les schèmes syllabiques sont peu nombreux et peu complexes. La principale caractéristique de la phonologie segmentale est l’harmonisation vocalique, avec un système à 10 voyelles. L’ikposso est une langue tonale (chap. 2). Les tons sont essentiels au niveau lexical mais supportent aussi des informations grammaticales. Il y a quatre tons ponctuels en uwi. Morphologie : Le nom et le syntagme nominal sont étudiés dans le chap. 3. La morphologie nominale est peu développée, contrairement à la morphologie verbale qui est très riche. Les adpositions font l’objet du chap. 4 et les pronoms celui du chap. 5. Les autres catégories de mots sont répertoriées dans le chap. 6. La morphologie verbale est beaucoup plus complexe que la morphologie nominale, avec de nombreux auxiliaires et préfixes de personne et d’aspect (chap. 7). Ce chapitre montre la richesse du système aspectuel.Syntaxe : L’ikposso est une langue avec un ordre des mots relativement fixe, SVOX. Cette caractéristique est toutefois en évolution, comme le montrent les constructions sérielles avec le verbe yɔ̄‘prendre’ (chap. 13) qui conduisent à un ordre des mots SOVX dans certains contextes discursifs. Le chap. 8 présente les différents types énonciatifs de phrases ainsi que les prédicats non verbaux. Le chap. 9 décrit le système de transitivité et de valence de la langue<br>Introduction : This thesis is a phonological and grammatical description of Ikposo Uwi, language of the phylum Niger-Congo and Kwa family. It is spoken in Togo by the people Akposso, about 150 000 people that live in the Région des Plateaux. This language divides itself into six dialects : Logbo, Uma, Uwi, Litimé, Ikponou and Amou-Oblo. The study relies on a corpus composed of (i) 36 narratives, (ii) elicitedsentences from picture books, (iii) the lexicon build on these data, (iv) and elicited sentences, generally in connection with the texts. The language used during work session and for translation has always been French.Phonology et tonology : The segmental phonology of Ikposo Uwi (Chapter 1) is quite simple. There are few syllabic schemes and they are not complex. The main characteristic is vocalic harmony, with a 10 vowel system.Ikposo is a tonal language (Chapter 2). Tones are very important on a lexical level, but they encode grammatical informations too. There are four level tones in the Uwi dialect.Morphologie : Nouns and nominal phrases are studied in Chapter 3. Nominal morphology is not very much developed, on the contrary to the rich verbal morphology, with auxiliaries, person index and aspectual prefixes (Chapter 7). Adpositions are studied in Chapter 4 and pronouns in Chapter 5. The other categories are identified in Chapter 6.Syntaxe : The word order is quite rigid : SVOX. This feature is however evolving, as we can see with the yɔ̄ serial verb construction (Chapter 13) that lead to a SOVX word order in some specific discursive contexts.Chapter 8 presents the different enunciative sentence types as well as non verbal predicates.Chapter 9 describes the transitivity and valency system of the language. Modifications in the argument structure are generally not morphologically marked. The only exception is the grammaticalization of 3rd person singular commitative pronoun fà : it makes a transitive-causative construction out fromverbs usually found in intransitive constructions. Ikposo uses massively serial verb constructions. Syntax and types of Ikposo’s serial verb constructions are studied in Chapter 10.The verb dʊ́‘to be at, to put’ (Chapter 11) is one of the most frequent positional verbs, due to its broad meaning. It is also used a lot as V2 in serial verb constructions : with this function dʊ́ undergoes either a grammaticalization process or a lexicalization process. The verb ká‘to give’ (Chapter 12), as V2 of serial verb constructions, undergoes a grammaticalization process, with a global dative meaning.The verb yɔ̄‘to take’ (Chapter 13) is used in serial verb constructions that tend to modify the word order of the arguments from SVO to SOV in some discursive contexts. yɔ̄introduces the object of the main verb or represents it on the main verb. In the latter case, the grammaticalized verb is prefixed yɔ̄-.Chapter 14 gathers the other frequent verbs that do not have a dedicated chapter. Among them, we find lɛ́‘to be, to be at’ used as a copula, bá‘to come’ and ɣā‘to go’ used as deictic verbs, tʊ̄‘to come from’ that grammaticalizes into a prepositional locution, and bā ‘to exceed’ used in comparative serial verbconstructions. Chapter 15 analyses the complex sentences of Ikposo. Among them, completivesare probably the most interesting. They are from two types : build with nominalized verbal predicates or with the quotative nʊ̄, more generally marker of reported speech.Finally, Chapter 16 shows the information structure of the language. I mostly studied the morphological markers of that structure, but a deeper analysis should show that the structure is more complex that these markers let think
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Emami, Mohammad. "The dynamics of literary translation : a case study from English to Persian." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/5955.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis aims to elucidate the translation process by devising a way of retrieving evidence of this process from its output. It further aims to assess the claims made by some scholars concerning the possible existence of Translation Universals. In order to isolate the interaction of texts and contexts, a corpus of American short stories was created, with their translations into Persian published after the 1979 Revolution. Three complementary methodologies gave a rounded picture: (1) Corpus-based Descriptive Translation Studies; (2) The pragmatic and rhetorically-based approach of Thinking Translation devised at St Andrews; and (3) The analytical framework mostly established by Halliday in his Systemic Functional Grammar. Approaching the process of translation in the specific order devised in this thesis provided four vantage points to analyse the data in a systematic way from linguistic, discourse, cultural and literary views before reaching what are at once the most personal and most characteristic aspects of a translator's work. The research begins with a literature review of the field and an account of linguistic constraints and of all Translation Universals hypothesised so far, followed by an extensive analysis of data in two consecutive chapters. With reference to the choices made in this corpus, it is discussed in the Conclusions chapter that most of the Translation Universals so far claimed are not in fact universal. It is the role of the translator which has emerged as the determining factor in producing a translated text, and thus as the key to resolving the issues explored in this thesis. It seems there are no constraints beyond the translator's reach, and there are no parameters which do not involve the translator, who introduces his or her own choices, or manipulates certain parameters. Only when they have done so, will the translation, as both process and product, be accomplished.
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Bertet, Denis. "Aspects of Tikuna grammar (San Martin de Amacayacu variety, Colombia) : phonology, nominal phrase, predicative phrase." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSE2068.
Full textAbstract:
Cette étude consiste en une description de certains aspects de la grammaire d’un parler tikuna abordés depuis une perspective fonctionnelle et typologique. Le tikuna est une langue isolée parlée dans l’ouest de l’Amazonie sur les bords du fleuve Amazone. Le parler tikuna décrit dans cette étude correspond à celui de la communauté de San Martín de Amacayacu, située dans l’extrême sud-est de la Colombie. Les locuteurs de ce parler désignent généralement leur langue du nom de tăgà, littéralement ‘notre langue (nous inclusif)’ ou bien ‘langue des gens’, y compris dans leurs interactions avec des personnes non tikuna. Les deux principaux domaines de la grammaire de la langue traités dans ce travail sont d’une part son système phonologique, et d’autre part la morphosyntaxe et la sémantique de son syntagme prédicatif. Sont également abordés, avec moins de détail, certains aspects de la morphosyntaxe du syntagme nominal, ainsi que l’expression de la négation dans la langue. Les analyses avancées dans cette étude reposent presque exclusivement sur des données linguistiques de première main que j’ai rassemblées entre 2015 et 2018 à San Martín de Amacayacu avec l’aide de locuteurs natifs de la langue<br>This study is a typologically-informed description of a few major aspects of the grammar of a variety of Tikuna, a language isolate spoken in western Amazonia along the banks of the Amazon river. The Tikuna variety described in this work is that of San Martín de Amacayacu, a community located near the southeastern tip of Colombia. Its speakers typically refer to it as tăgà, lit. ‘our (incl.) language’ or ‘people’s language’, even when talking to foreigners. The grammatical topics covered primarily include the phonological system of the language as well as the morphosyntax and semantics of its predicative phrase. Additional grammatical domains treated in less detail include aspects of the nominal phrase and the expression of negation. All the analyses I put forward in this description are based on first-hand linguistic data that I have collected between 2015 and 2018 in San Martín de Amacayacu with the help of native speakers of the language
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Law, Daniel A. "A Grammatical Description of the Early Classic Maya Hieroglyphic Inscriptions." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2006. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/404.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this thesis is to describe the grammatical system of Classical Ch'olti', the language of the Classic Maya hieroglyphic inscriptions, as attested in inscriptions of the Early Classic (approximately AD 200-600). Around 300 Lowland Maya Hieroglyphic inscriptions have been dated to the Early Classic or before, nearly one third of these remain unpublished. Previous work on the monumental inscriptions of the Early Classic (Mathews 1985; Proskouriakoff 1950) has examined Early Classic monuments primarily as works of art. Mora-Marin (2001) examined the language of inscriptions found on early portable texts, a small subset of the corpus here examined. In great part, however, this study of the language of Early Classic inscriptions breaks new ground. The body of the thesis consists of a description of the linguistic system attested in Early Classic texts, with particular emphasis on morphology. The corpus is divided into three general sections according to date: Cycle 8 Texts, including all texts which date prior to the end of the Eighth Baktun in AD 435; Early Ninth Baktun Texts, covering the years between AD 435 and AD 534 (9.0.0.0.0-9.5.0.0.0 in the Maya Long Count), and ‘Terminal Early Classic’ Texts, which includes texts from between AD 534 and AD 633 (9.5.0.0.0-9.10.0.0.0). With these divisions it is possible to track the development of the attested linguistic system of the Early Classic inscriptions. It is discovered that the core elements of that system are already in place by the end of the Baktun 8. The morphological features first attested during the Eighth Baktun continue in use for the duration of the Early Classic, though in both of the subsequent time periods new features are added to the inventory of Early Classic morphemes. The static nature of the language, as suggested by its apparent continuity throughout the centuries which comprise the Early Classic, is consistent with the prestige status proposed for that language by Houston et al. (2000).
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Corbett, John B. "Functional grammar and genre analysis : a description of the language of learned and popular articles." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1992. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/2510/.
Full textAbstract:
There has been a growing interest in the form and function of academic English, especially among teachers of English as a Foreign Language. `Academic' English, however, covers a variety of genres, including specialist and non-specialist writings across a range of disciplines. Little is known about the linguistic similarities and differences among these genres. This thesis aims to add to the study of academic English by investigating learned and popular articles in the fields of biology, computing and history. The descriptive framework is based mainly on Halliday's functional grammar, although reference is made to other linguistic theories, such as Winter's clause relations. Eighteen articles from the three fields were selected, nine learned articles and nine corresponding popular articles. Extracts from these articles form the small corpus analysed. After an introductory chapter, the second chapter reviews the nature of theme in English, and performs a thematic analysis on the corpus. The third chapter reviews the ideational function of language, and investigates how the language of the corpus articles represents reality. The fourth chapter reviews the interpersonal function of language and investigates this aspect of the corpus. The penultimate chapter comments on discourse patterns in the articles. The conclusion suggests that the similarities and differences between learned and popular articles, and between science and the humanities, are a result of systematic functional variation among genres.
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Bassene, Alain-Christian. "Description du Joola Banjal (Sénégal)." Lyon 2, 2006. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2006/bassene_ac.
Full textAbstract:
Cette thèse présente une description générale et aussi complète que possible de la grammaire du jóola banjal, langue atlantique parlée par environ 7. 000 locuteurs en Casamance, au sud-ouest du Sénégal. Cette description passe en revue la phonologie, la morphophonologie, la morphologie et la syntaxe, d’un point de vue typologique et fonctionnel. Le jóola banjal compte deux types de voyelles selon le trait ±ATR et une structure syllabique de forme (C)V(C(C)). C’est une langue à classes nominales dans laquelle adjectifs, pronoms, démonstratifs, interrogatifs et verbes sont soumis à l’accord en classe imposé par le substantif. Cet accord se manifeste par la répétition du préfixe de classe devant chaque élément en relation syntaxique avec ce dernier. La présence de l’indice de sujet est généralement obligatoire, même en présence d’un constituant sujet. La partie syntaxique est organisée selon les rubriques suivantes : la prédication non verbale, les modifications de la valence verbale, l’expression de la localisation et du déplacement, les formes verbales non finies, la phrase complexe, la topicalisation, la focalisation et l’interrogation. D’une manière générale, le jóola banjal ne présente pas de particularités typologiques exceptionnelles par rapport aux langues les plus connues du groupe atlantique. Néanmoins, son étude offre des informations utiles pour une meilleure connaissance des langues atlantiques et pour leur étude comparative<br>This dissertation presents a general description, as complete as possible, of Jóola Banjal, an Atlantic language spoken by almost 7,000 speakers in Casamance, in the South-west of Senegal. This description consists of a study of phonology, morphophonology, morphology, and syntax, in a typological and functional approach. Jóola Banjal has two types of vowels according to ±ATR feature and a syllabic structure of form (C)V(C(C)). It is a noun class language in which adjectives, pronouns, demonstratives, interrogatives and verbs agree in class with nouns. This agreement is marked by the prefixation of a class marker to every element in syntactic relation with the noun. The presence of the subject marker is generally obligatory, even when the subject noun is present. The syntactic part of the description is organized along the following topics: non verbal predication, changing valency, encoding location and motion, non-finite verb forms, complex constructions, topicalization, focalization, and interrogation. Generally speaking, Jóola Banjal does not present exceptional typological characteristics with regard to the best-known Atlantic languages. Nevertheless, its study provides information useful for a better knowledge of the Atlantic languages and for comparative studies
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Peter, Ursula Bremicker. "Description systématique du Waama (langue voltaique du Benin) : phonologie, grammaire." Paris 5, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA05H012.
Full textAbstract:
Il s'agit d'une description d'une langue africaine non encore decrite. L'etude se divise en deux parties, phonologie et grammaire, presentees en deux volumes. Le premier commence par une introduction generale concernant la situation geographique, ethnographique, linguistique et dialectale. Elle presente egalement les theories et methodes utilisees ensuite. L'etude phonologique se subdivise en deux parties, "unites phonologiques" et "prosodologie". Pour l'etude des unites phonologiques le cadre theorique est celui propose par e. Bonvini. Il a ete formule en termes de "traits oppositionnels" et "traits contrastifs". Nous avons etudie deux unites phonologiques, le phoneme et la syllabe, et leur hierarchisation sur la base d'une "complexification" des traits. La prosodologie a revele qu'en waama l'unite porteuse du ton, c'est le moneme, c. A. D. Une unite grammaticale. Cette interpretation a permis d'identifier deux tons, haut et bas. En plus, plusieurs processus tonologiques, entre autres le "relevement tonal" et l'"abaissement tonal", ont ete rencontres. Pour la description grammaticale, le modele descriptif de m. Houis nous a servi de cadre theorique. Selon ce modele la description procede en trois paliers: morpho-syntaxe, lexicologie et semio-syntaxe. Dans la "morpho-syntaxe" nous avons etabli les schemes d'enonces du waama. La "lexicologie" a rendu compte de la formation. .<br>The thesis is a description of an african language not yet described. The study is divided up in two parts: phonology and grammar, presented in two volumes. The first one starts with a general introduction concerning the geographic, ethnographic, linguistic and dialect situation. It also introduces the theories and methods used afterwards. The phonological study is subdivided in two parts: "phonological units" and "prosodology". The theoretical frame used for the study of the phonological units is proposed by e. Bonvini and is formulated in terms of "oppositional" and "contrastiv" features. We studied two phonological units, the phoneme and the syllabe, and their hierarchisation on the base of a "complexification" of features. The prosodology revealed that the tone-bearing unit is the morpheme, that is, a grammatical unit. This interpretation led to the identification of two tons, high and low, and several tonological processes, among others "upstep" and "downstep". For the grammar description we used the descriptiv model of m. Houis. According to that model the description proceeds in three phases: morpho-syntax, lexicology, semio-syntax. In the "morpho-syntax" we established the schemes of waama utterances. The "lexicology" concerns the formation. .
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Birusha, Aramazani. "Description de la langue havu (bantou J52): grammaire et lexique." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/213653.
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Wa, Ilunga Mpunga A. "Description de la langue swati: bantou S43 :grammaire et lexique." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212521.
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Merten, Pascaline. "La caractérisation multiple en français: description, comparaison avec d'autres langues et formalisation XML." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210993.
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Selon la théorie du syntagme nominal développée par Wilmet (2003), la notion de caractérisant est une notion fonctionnelle qui désigne tous les « accompagnateurs » du nom (ou déterminants) qui modifient l’extension du nom. Cette notion est indépendante des catégories morpho-syntaxique puisqu’on trouve parmi les caractérisants des adjectifs, des syntagmes prépositionnels, des noms, des adverbes, des propositions relatives voire des phrases entières.<p>Les linguistes du français se sont surtout intéressés à la position absolue de l’adjectif (antéposition ou postposition au nom), mais peu à leur ordre relatif. Il était intéressant d’étendre le point de vue à tous les caractérisants parce que le mélange de caractérisants de différentes natures, en particulier la séquence relative de l’adjectif et du complément du nom, pose d’intéressantes questions linguistiques. La notion fonctionnelle montre également sa valeur dans un cadre comparatiste, car différentes langues ne rendent pas le même concept avec la même catégorie morpho-syntaxique.<p>Notre théorie est que la séquence des caractérisants, tant en antéposition qu’en postposition, est régie par une hiérarchie de critères morpho-syntaxiques et sémantiques, en particulier par leur valeur classificatrice, descriptive ou spécificatrice. On a souvent classé les adjectifs en fonction de leur appartenance à une classe sémantique ontologique (couleur, forme, matière…). En réalité, de très nombreux adjectifs et caractérisants n’entrent pas dans ces catégories et ce type de classification n’est pas le premier critère à l’œuvre dans l’ordre des mots. <p>Le syntagme nominal apparaît dès lors comme structuré en différentes couches concentriques autour du nom ;il est délimité en antéposition par les quantifiants et en postposition par les caractérisants spécificateurs qui lui font en quelque sorte pendant. On observera dès lors d’intéressants phénomènes de sens et d’acceptabilité grammaticale dans le jeu des quantifiants et des caractérisants. Inversement, la position relative d’un caractérisant influe sur sa valeur. On pourrait résumer ces effets de sens par la formule :on dit d’abord ce que c’est, ensuite comment c’est, et enfin lequel c’est. De manière très générale donc, on observe que l’orientation des déterminants se fait selon un axe intrinsèque-extrinsèque ou objectif-subjectif.<p>L’étude d’expressions dans d’autres langues et dans des domaines spécialisés (cuisine, appellations officielles incluant des adjectifs géographiques, localisation de logiciels et chimie organique) permet de valider cette hypothèse tout en montrant que l’ordre des mots est un phénomène de génération, propre à chaque langue car la traduction modifie la nature morpho-syntaxique et peut modifier la valeur des caractérisants. <p>La partie technique de la thèse a exploité des techniques de traduction assistée par ordinateur, de traduction automatique et de traitement du langage, elle a fait appel aux langages de balisage standards de la famille XML pour la représentation des corpus et des règles ainsi que pour la réalisation des procédures. Les corpus spécialisés ont été constitués par alignement de corpus monolingues ou par traduction. Ils ont tous été mis au format XML ;les règles de traduction ont été formalisées dans le même format et elles ont été implémentées en XSLT. La formalisation des corpus en assure la portabilité et facilite les recherches de structures grammaticales sur un corpus catégorisé. Les corpus parallèles sont en outre d’une grande aide pour les traducteurs. Enfin, l’automatisation permet de valider les règles linguistiques proposées.<br>Doctorat en philosophie et lettres, Orientation langue et littérature<br>info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished