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Books on the topic 'Descriptive methods were applied'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

Sueli da Rocha, Cláudia, Luiz Sérgio Silva, and Jandira Maciel da Silva. Experiences of workers at the legal medical institute of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, facing the mass disaster: Dam failure. Ludomedia, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36367/ntqr.13.2022.e730.

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Introduction: The mass disaster of the B1 dam failure of the Córrego do Feijão Mine, in Brumadinho, Minas Gerais, Brazil, on January 25, 2019, resulted in environmental destruction, suffering and deaths. Objective: discuss the performance of professionals from the Legal Medical Institute of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, in the face of technical-scientific expertise in fatal victims and in the care of their families, caused by the event. Method: A qualitative-quantitative, descriptive-explanatory study was carried out, whose instruments were questionnaires, structured and semi-structured, appli

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2

Balcerzak, Adam P., and Michał Bernard Pietrzak, eds. Contemporary Issues in Economy. Proceedings of the International Conference on Applied Economics: Quantitative Methods. 11th ed. Institute of Economic Research, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/eep.proc.2021.4.

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The book contains papers in quantitative methods submitted to 11th International Conference on Applied Economics Contemporary Issues in Economy, Poland 17-18 June 2021. The conference was organized by Institute of Economic Research (Poland), Polish Economic Society Branch in Toruń (Poland), Faculty of Economic Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn (Poland) in partnership with: Brno University of Technology (Czech Republic), “Constantin Brancusi” University of Targu-Jiu, Center of Fundamental and Applied Economic Studies (Romania), Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod,

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3

Ray, Sumantra (Shumone), Sue Fitzpatrick, Rajna Golubic, Susan Fisher, and Sarah Gibbings, eds. Navigating research methods: basic concepts in biostatistics and epidemiology. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199608478.003.0002.

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This chapter provides an overview of the basic concepts in biostatistics and epidemiology. Section 1: Basic concepts in biostatistics The concepts in biostatistics include: 1. descriptive statistical methods (which comprise of frequency distribution, distribution shapes, and measures of central tendency and dispersion); and 2. inferential statistics which is applied to make inferences about a population from the sample data. Non-probability and probability sampling methods are outlined. This section provides simple explanation of the complex concepts of significance tests and confidence interv

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4

Balcerzak, Adam P., and Ilona Pietryka, eds. 11th International Conference on Applied Economics Contemporary Issues in Economy. Institute of Economic Research, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/eep.abs.2021.1.

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The book contains abstracts submitted to 11th International Conference on Applied Economics Contemporary Issues in Economy, Poland 17-18 June 2021. The conference was organized by Institute of Economic Research (Poland), Polish Economic Society Branch in Toruń (Poland), Faculty of Economic Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn (Poland) in partnership with: Brno University of Technology (Czech Republic), “Constantin Brancusi” University of Targu-Jiu, Center of Fundamental and Applied Economic Studies (Romania), Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod, Institute of Economi

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Balcerzak, Adam P., and Ilona Pietryka, eds. Contemporary Issues in Economy. Proceedings of the International Conference on Applied Economics: Finance. 11th ed. Institute of Economic Research, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/eep.proc.2021.2.

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The book contains papers in finance submitted to 11th International Conference on Applied Economics Contemporary Issues in Economy, Poland 17-18 June 2021. The conference was organized by Institute of Economic Research (Poland), Polish Economic Society Branch in Toruń (Poland), Faculty of Economic Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn (Poland) in partnership with: Brno University of Technology (Czech Republic), “Constantin Brancusi” University of Targu-Jiu, Center of Fundamental and Applied Economic Studies (Romania), Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod, Institute of

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Balcerzak, Adam P., and Ilona Pietryka, eds. Contemporary Issues in Economy. Proceedings of the International Conference on Applied Economics: Economics. 11th ed. Institute of Economic Research, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/eep.proc.2021.1.

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The book contains papers in economics submitted to 11th International Conference on Applied Economics Contemporary Issues in Economy, Poland 17-18 June 2021. The conference was organized by Institute of Economic Research (Poland), Polish Economic Society Branch in Toruń (Poland), Faculty of Economic Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn (Poland) in partnership with: Brno University of Technology (Czech Republic), “Constantin Brancusi” University of Targu-Jiu, Center of Fundamental and Applied Economic Studies (Romania), Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod, Institute

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7

Balcerzak, Adam P., and Ilona Pietryka, eds. Contemporary Issues in Economy. Proceedings of the International Conference on Applied Economics: Entrepreneurship and Management. 11th ed. Institute of Economic Research, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/eep.proc.2021.3.

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The book contains papers in entrepreneurship and management submitted to 11th International Conference on Applied Economics Contemporary Issues in Economy, Poland 17-18 June 2021. The conference was organized by Institute of Economic Research (Poland), Polish Economic Society Branch in Toruń (Poland), Faculty of Economic Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn (Poland) in partnership with: Brno University of Technology (Czech Republic), “Constantin Brancusi” University of Targu-Jiu, Center of Fundamental and Applied Economic Studies (Romania), Lobachevsky State University of Nizhn

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8

Mvula, Peter, and Wapulumuka Mulwafu. Intensification, Crop Diversification, and Gender Relations in Malawi. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198799283.003.0007.

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In this chapter a variety of methods were used to collect data to study smallholders in Malawi. The surveys were complemented by a set of qualitative interviews to establish gender dynamics in agriculture and for livelihoods. Key informant interviews were conducted with agricultural personnel in the sampled districts and focus group discussions were held with some farmers. For a bigger picture of the agricultural policies and practices, the study relied on a review of key documents and publications by government and other agencies implementing agricultural programmes in the country. Descriptiv

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9

Brooker, Paul, and Margaret Hayward. Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198825395.003.0009.

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The Conclusion points out that the preceding seven chapters’ examples and case studies have revealed some expected, and some unexpected conclusions. The six main cases revealed some expected uniformity in the leaders’ selection of rational methods. There was less uniformity, however, in the choice of the methods they emphasized, whether due to their personal preferences or to the circumstances they were facing. Two unexpected findings were the addition of a seventh appropriate rational method—learning—and the prevalence of dual-leadership teams. The conclusion goes on to suggest that this book

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10

Lewis, David M. The Riddle of Freedom. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198769941.003.0003.

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This chapter looks at the concept of freedom and its articulation in ancient Greek texts. It shows that in the Homeric period, the terminology of slavery and freedom was used only for personal status. In the centuries that followed, these terms were appropriated and applied metaphorically to a variety of asymmetrical power relationships. However, Greeks were able to maintain clear distinctions between slavery as a legal concept and slavery as a metaphor. The chapter concludes with critiques of the methods of M. I. Finley and R. Zelnick-Abramovitz, who do not make clear distinctions between law

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11

Diggle, Peter, and Emanuele Giorgi. Time Series. 2nd ed. Oxford University PressOxford, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198714835.001.0001.

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Abstract This book is an introductory account of statistical methods for analysing time-series data, with a focus on the application of the methods to biomedical and population health research. In its simplest form, a time series is a single set of observations measured at equally spaced times. Extensions to this basic format that are particularly relevant in biomedical and population health settings include measurements at irregularly spaced times and independently replicated time series, also called longitudinal or repeated measurement data. The book starts by presenting a set of examples th

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Hyers, Lauri L. Diary Data Collection as a Qualitative Research Method. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190256692.003.0002.

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This chapter discusses the use of the diary in qualitative research, the role of the researcher and the diarist, the format of the entries, the epistemological orientations underlying diary designs, and various types of diary studies. The diary has always been among the options in the qualitative methodological repertoire and actually predates other more common contemporary methods for data collection. Diary studies involve the standard tasks of any research project: reviewing the literature and identifying research questions; designing and carrying out a data collection protocol; and analyzin

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13

Carter, Sarah Anne. Picture Lessons. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190225032.003.0004.

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Chapter 3 considers different variations of object lessons, particularly object lessons on pictures and lessons that address the relationships between objects and pictures in the classroom. Picture lessons raise epistemological questions about the kind of information objects and images may transmit and suggest strategies that were employed to teach children how to interpret images. The methods were applied to hybrid object pictures, teaching aids that combined images with material things, and images designed for classroom instruction, covering topics like the trades and natural history. Works

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14

Creadick, Anna. Disability’s Other. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190458997.003.0002.

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The notion of “disability” relies on the concept of “normal.” Like disability, normality has a traceable history as an epistemological category. The mobilization of soldiers during World War II and, to a lesser degree, World War I, meant thousands of minds and bodies could be, and were, measured. A curious obsession with defining “normal” took hold, as doctors, scientists, and anthropologists gathered and applied statistical data to try measure “normal” bodies and describe “normal” character. Enlistees were subjected to psychological testing; sexologists used anthropometric methods to map the

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15

Friedenberg, Robert V. Communication Consultants in Political Campaigns. Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc., 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216188117.

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We will never know the precise identity of America's first political consultant. It is likely that candidates were seeking favorable coverage in colonial newspapers as early as 1704; it is also likely that by 1745 candidates were using handbills and pamphlets to augment press coverage of campaigns; and we know that one successful candidate, George Washington in 1758, purchased refreshments for potential voters. These traditional approaches to winning votes have in recent years been amplified by consultants who have shown how cable networks, videocassettes, modems, faxes, focus groups, and othe

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16

Carr, Stuart C., and John F. Schumaker. Psychology and the Developing World. Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc., 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216187684.

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Previous leading commentators on the development of psychology in the Third World have conceived of three major stages: an attempt to assimilate Western psychology, with predictably negative results; the study of indigenous constructs, with more relevant applications; and, finally, transcending stage one and stage two to choose theories and methods on their applied merit alone. Psychology and the Developing World has been assembled to document how close psychology has come to researching that stage. Contributors were carefully selected to provide a unique overview of the latest applications of

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17

Żabiński, Grzegorz, Marcin Woźniak, Jarosław Gramacki, and Artur Gramacki. East Germanic Ironmaking in the Roman Period. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2025. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781350556409.

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Making a study of East Germanic iron smelting in the Roman period, this book gives an in-depth account of the development of metallurgy in the Przeworsk Culture. Its two main ironmaking centres – the Holy Cross Mountains and Masovia – were the largest iron production regions beyond the borders of the Roman Empire. Apart from serving local demand – where it was used for artefacts of many kinds, which are abundantly found in grave furnishings – a considerable part of Przeworsk Culture iron is likely to have been exported to other territories. Despite more than 60 years of research and scholarshi

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18

Esteban Salvador, María Luisa, Gonca Güngör Göksu, Emilia Fernandes, Tiziana Di Cimbrini, and Rachael Jones. Analysis of gender equality policies on the boards of directors of national sports federations: an exploratory analysis: survey report. Servicio de Publicaciones Universidad de Zaragoza, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26754/uz.978-84-18321-57-3.

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This study analyses the gender equality policies on the national sports federation (NSFs) boards in five European countries: Italy, Portugal, Spain,Turkey and the United Kingdom. It aims to identify the nature of gender relations inside the NSFs and the gender policies adopted by the governing sports boards related to gender diversity. Therefore, an online questionnaire, including 41 questions some of which were inspired by the four gender di-mensions according to the model of Connell (2002) -production relations, power relations, emotional relations, and symbolic dimensions -were applied to t

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19

Calhoun, Craig. Integrating the Social Sciences. Edited by Robert Frodeman. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198733522.013.11.

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Distinctions among social science disciplines are historically forged and to some extent intellectually arbitrary. Connecting them is therefore crucial to fully addressing many important intellectual and practical concerns. This chapter analyzes three of the most important movements to shape interdisciplinary social science since World War II: area studies, quantitative methods, and problem-oriented research. All three were influenced by funding, by social change, and by desires to make knowledge practically useful. All three influenced basic as well as applied social science. And all three re

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20

Garland, Robert. Daily Life of the Ancient Greeks. 2nd ed. Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400637346.

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Ancient Greece comes alive in this exploration of the daily lives of ordinary people-men and women, children and the elderly, slaves and foreigners, rich and poor. With new information drawn from the most current research, this volume presents a wealth of information on every aspect of ancient Greek life. Discover why it was more desirable to be a slave than a day laborer. Examine cooking methods and rules of ancient warfare. Uncover Greek mythology. Learn how Greeks foretold the future. Understand what life was like for women, and what prevailing attitudes were toward sexuality, marriage, and

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21

Succi, Sauro. LBE Flows in Disordered Media. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199592357.003.0019.

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The study of transport phenomena in disordered media is a subject of wide interdisciplinary concern, with many applications in fluid mechanics, condensed matter, life and environmental sciences as well. Flows through grossly irregular (porous) media is a specific fluid mechanical application of great practical value in applied science and engineering. It is arguably also one of the applications of choice of the LBE methods. The dual field–particle character of LBE shines brightly here: the particle-like nature of LBE (populations move along straight particle trajectories) permits a transparent

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22

Arnold, Bill T., ed. The Cambridge Companion to Genesis. Cambridge University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781108529303.

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The Cambridge Companion to Genesis explores the first book of the Bible, the book that serves as the foundation for the rest of the Hebrew Scriptures. Recognizing its unique position in world history, the history of religions, as well as biblical and theological studies, the volume summarizes key developments in Biblical scholarship since the Enlightenment, while offering an overview of the diverse methods and reading strategies that are currently applied to the reading of Genesis. It also explores questions that, in some cases, have been explored for centuries. Written by an international tea

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23

Ramsden, Edmund. Science and Medicine in the United States of America. Edited by Mark Jackson. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199546497.013.0013.

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This article begins with great optimism expressed by Tocqueville for America's future as the embodiment of the democratic state. It discusses the opportunity to express the liberal political ideals, arguing that its success was based on a community of common sensibility. An understanding of society and politics endowed the historian with the power to help remake health care. This article explores and compares the ways in which medicine is developed and applied in a number of different social, cultural, and physical contexts. It shows rapid growth, from a period in which European ideas, methods

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24

Allendorf, Fred W., W. Chris Funk, Sally N. Aitken, Margaret Byrne, Gordon Luikart, and Agostinho Antunes. Conservation and the Genomics of Populations. 3rd ed. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198856566.001.0001.

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Loss of biodiversity is among the greatest problems facing the world today. Conservation and the Genomics of Populations gives a comprehensive overview of the essential background, concepts, and tools needed to understand how genetic information can be used to conserve species threatened with extinction, and to manage species of ecological or commercial importance. New molecular techniques, statistical methods, and computer programs, genetic principles, and methods are becoming increasingly useful in the conservation of biological diversity. Using a balance of data and theory, coupled with bas

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25

PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES FOR GENETIC TECHNOLOGIES: TO THE 100TH ANNIVERSARY OF PUSHKIN LABORATORIES OF VIR. N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.30901/978-5-907145-84-9.

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The program and abstracts of the All-Russian Conference Plant Genetic Resources for Genetic Technologies: To the 100th Anniversary of Pushkin Laboratories of VIR are presented. The conference was held at VIR on June 22–23, 2022, under Agreement No 075-15-2021-1050 of Sept. 28, 2021 (hereinafter: Event/Conference). The new technological setup aimed at the development of bioeconomy increases the demand for bioresource collections (BRC), including collections of plant genetic resources. Currently, new approaches to collection management and studying are being actively introduced. The foundations

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26

Kulkarni, Kunal, James Harrison, Mohamed Baguneid, and Bernard Prendergast, eds. An introduction to evidence-based medicine. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198729426.003.0002.

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Clinicians have historically used ‘evidence’ from their individual clinical experiences to inform decisions about health care. However, with the emergence of novel technologies, treatments, and epidemiological methods in the latter half of the twentieth century, some questioned whether more harm than good was being done in attempts to ‘cure’ disease. In 1971, Archie Cochrane suggested clinicians were overly devoted to their patients, overtreating in an effort to do everything possible to ‘cure’. He argued the systematic application of medical research, in particular evidence from randomized co

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27

Koman, Kacper, and Ziemowit Syta. Raport. Pierwsza fala pandemii COVID-19 w Polsce: Ograniczenia i pomoc kierowana do przedsiębiorców. Ksiegarnia Akademicka Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/9788381386951.

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REPORT. THE FIRST WAVE OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN POLAND: RESTRICTIONS AND AID ADDRESSED TO ENTREPRENEURS The report presents a review of legal norms and a questionnaire study of the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland (March to June 2020). The authors analysed legal regulations for four business industries: catering, tourism, transportation, and construction, both in terms of laws restricting the operation of these businesses due to the pandemic and aid regulations. The main objective of the research was to check whether the constitutionally established mechanism of determining the

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28

NANDE-VÁZQUEZ, Edgard Alfredo, Teodoro REYES-FONG, and Omar Alejandro PÉREZ-CRUZ. The Generalized Least Squares Method (GMM) as a tool for causal analysis of spending, budget management and electoral results. ECORFAN, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35429/b.2021.8.1.130.

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In the different fields of science, many times, there is a need to estimate the associations between variables, as an approach to understanding the interaction of one as a function of the others. It is usually done by applying restrictive models, such as analysis of variance and linear regression. This type of analysis requires that the dependent variable be continuous, have a normal and constant distribution of the mean and variance. However, when the dependent variable is discrete or categorical, the linear model is not viable. Faced with this impediment, the theory of linear models arises a

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29

Nicolaou, Lee Graña, Tatiana Ivleva, and Bill Griffiths, eds. Bloomsbury Handbook of Experimental Approaches to Roman Archaeology. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350217867.

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This volume is the first comprehensive overview of Roman experimental archaeology, exploring its key themes, methodologies and applications through a diverse array of international case studies.Experiments, simulations and reconstructions are important methods for understanding the past, from uncovering how ancient objects and structures were made, used, destroyed, deposited and affected underground, to illuminating the experiences of tasting ancient foods, fighting alongside comrades or living in replicated structures. Although the incorporation of experimentation has had great success in pre

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30

Purcell, Jr., Edward A. Antonin Scalia and American Constitutionalism. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197508763.001.0001.

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Antonin Scalia and American Constitutionalism is a critical study of Justice Antonin Scalia’s jurisprudence, his work on the U.S. Supreme Court, and his significance for an understanding of American constitutionalism. After tracing Scalia’s emergence as a hero of the political right and his opposition to many of the decisions of the Warren Court, this book examines his general jurisprudential theory of originalism and textualism, arguing that he failed to produce either the objective method he claimed or the “correct” constitutional results he promised. Focusing on his judicial performance ove

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31

Kondrakiewicz, Dariusz. Prognozowanie i symulacje międzynarodowe. Instytut Europy Środkowej, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36874/m21580.

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International forecasting and simulation is a study that summarizes research, in a shortened and integrated version. The thematic scope concerns the basic terminology and methodological issues of forecasts and the forecasting process itself, forecasting institutions and the final product, i.e. international forecasts. The main goal is to present and systematize basic knowledge in the field of forecasting in international relations. The book is generally aimed at all those interested in international affairs. However, the author hopes that the publication will also be helpful for researchers an

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32

Gleń-Karolczyk, Katarzyna. Zabiegi ochronne kształtujące plonowanie zdrowotność oraz różnorodność mikroorganizmów związanych z czernieniem pierścieniowym korzeni chrzanu (Atmoracia rusticana Gaertn.). Publishing House of the University of Agriculture in Krakow, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.15576/978-83-66602-39-7.

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Horseradish roots, due to the content of many valuable nutrients and substances with healing and pro-health properties, are used more and more in medicine, food industry and cosmetics. In Poland, the cultivation of horseradish is considered minor crops. In addition, its limited size causes horseradish producers to encounter a number of unresolved agrotechnical problems. Infectious diseases developing on the leaves and roots during the long growing season reduce the size and quality of root crops. The small range of protection products intended for use in the cultivation of horseradish generate

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