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Journal articles on the topic 'Desert locust swarm'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Wang, Yun-Ping, Ming-Fei Wu, Pei-Jiong Lin, et al. "Plagues of Desert Locusts: Very Low Invasion Risk to China." Insects 11, no. 9 (2020): 628. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11090628.

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Recently, the most serious upsurge of the desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria) in the last 25 years is spreading across eastern Africa and southwestern Asia. Parts of the desert locust ‘invasion area’, namely the northern border areas of Pakistan and India, are very close to China, and whether locust swarms will invade China is of wide concern. To answer this question, we identified areas of potentially suitable habitat for the desert locust within China based on historical precipitation and temperature data, and found that parts of Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia provinces could provide ephemera

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2

Maeno, Koutaro Ould, Sidi Ould Ely, Sid’Ahmed Ould Mohamed, Mohamed El Hacen Jaavar, and Mohamed Abdallahi Ould Babah Ebbe. "Adult Desert Locust Swarms, Schistocerca gregaria, Preferentially Roost in the Tallest Plants at Any Given Site in the Sahara Desert." Agronomy 10, no. 12 (2020): 1923. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10121923.

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The desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria, is a major migratory pest that causes substantial agricultural damage. Flying adult swarms disperse widely during the daytime, but they densely roost on plants at night. Swarm control operations are generally conducted during the daytime, but night-time control is a significant potential alternative. However, the night-roosting behavior of swarms is poorly understood. We determined night-roosting plant preferences of migrating sexually immature swarms of S. gregaria at four different sites in the Sahara Desert in Mauritania during winter. The night-roo

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3

Wang, Lei, Wen Zhuo, Zhifang Pei, Xingyuan Tong, Wei Han, and Shibo Fang. "Using Long-Term Earth Observation Data to Reveal the Factors Contributing to the Early 2020 Desert Locust Upsurge and the Resulting Vegetation Loss." Remote Sensing 13, no. 4 (2021): 680. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13040680.

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Massive desert locust swarms have been threatening and devouring natural vegetation and agricultural crops in East Africa and West Asia since 2019, and the event developed into a rare and globally concerning locust upsurge in early 2020. The breeding, maturation, concentration and migration of locusts rely on appropriate environmental factors, mainly precipitation, temperature, vegetation coverage and land-surface soil moisture. Remotely sensed images and long-term meteorological observations across the desert locust invasion area were analyzed to explore the complex drivers, vegetation losses

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Shrestha, Suraj, Gaurav Thakur, Jayanti Gautam, Namoona Acharya, Meena Pandey, and Jiban Shrestha. "Desert locust and its management in Nepal: a review." Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources 4, no. 1 (2021): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/janr.v4i1.33197.

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Locusts are among the most dangerous agricultural pests. They are a group of short horned grasshoppers belonging to Acrididae family and are hemimetabolous insects. This group of grasshoppers have a unique character of changing habits and behaviors when they aggregate in a group and this habit is catalyzed by different environmental factors. In the adult stage, gregarious locusts migrate from one place to another in a swarm. Desert Locust, Schistocerca gregaria (Forksal), is one of those locusts which cause damage to different types of crop which fly in the direction of wind up to a distance o

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Lavy, Omer, Uri Gophna, Eran Gefen, and Amir Ayali. "Locust Bacterial Symbionts: An Update." Insects 11, no. 10 (2020): 655. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11100655.

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As one of the world’s most infamous agricultural pests, locusts have been subjected to many in-depth studies. Their ability at one end of their behavioral spectrum to live as solitary individuals under specific conditions, and at the other end of the spectrum to form swarms of biblical scale, has placed them at the focus of vast research efforts. One important aspect of locust ecology is that of their interactions with the bacteria that reside in and on them. Although this aspect of locust ecology has been little studied relative to the mainstream locust research, these bacteria have been show

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Lockwood, Jeffrey A., and Michael Christopher Sardo. "A Swarm of Injustice: A Sociopolitical Framework for Global Justice in the Management of the Desert Locust." Agronomy 11, no. 2 (2021): 386. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11020386.

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In recent years, scientists and managers have advocated for the integration of the social sciences (particularly political science and economics) and the humanities (particularly moral philosophy) with the natural sciences (particularly entomology and ecology) in developing a full understanding of locust-management programs. In this paper, we pursue such a synthesis by using the desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria) as an exemplar case. After an overview of this insect’s biology, ecology, and management, we provide a brief summary of the standard, moral theories (utilitarianism, deontology, an

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7

Abdelatti, Zainab Ali Saad, and Manfred Hartbauer. "Linseed Oil Affects Aggregation Behaviour in the Desert Locust Schistocerca gregaria—A Potential Swarm Disruptive Agent." Agronomy 10, no. 10 (2020): 1458. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10101458.

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Gregarious desert locusts constitute very destructive agricultural pests. They aggregate and form collectively moving swarms that devastate vegetation and reduce crop production. To combat gregarious locusts, a bio-pesticide formulation that contains linseed oil as the main component was described recently. Since linseed oil is rich in fatty acids, some of which function as necromones that indicate injury or death in various insect species, we investigated the influence of linseed oil on the aggregation behaviour of sexually mature gregarious desert locusts. For this reason, we performed a ser

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Despland, E., M. Collett, and S. J. Simpson. "Small-scale processes in desert locust swarm formation: how vegetation patterns influence gregarization." Oikos 88, no. 3 (2000): 652–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0706.2000.880322.x.

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9

Ott, Swidbert R., Heleen Verlinden, and Stephen M. Rogers. "The phenotypic plasticity of swarm formation in the Desert Locust: Mechanisms and consequences." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology 153, no. 2 (2009): S156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpa.2009.04.309.

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10

Xiang, Changcheng, Sanyi Tang, Robert A. Cheke, and Wenjie Qin. "A Locust Phase Change Model with Multiple Switching States and Random Perturbation." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 26, no. 13 (2016): 1630037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127416300378.

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Insects such as locusts and some moths can transform from a solitarious phase when they remain in loose populations and a gregarious phase, when they may swarm. Therefore, the key to effective management of outbreaks of species such as the desert locust Schistocercagregaria is early detection of when they are in the threshold state between the two phases, followed by timely control of their hopper stages before they fledge because the control of flying adult swarms is costly and often ineffective. Definitions of gregarization thresholds should assist preventive control measures and avoid treat

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11

Camarena, Octavio, Erik Cuevas, Marco Pérez-Cisneros, Fernando Fausto, Adrián González, and Arturo Valdivia. "Ls-II: An Improved Locust Search Algorithm for Solving Optimization Problems." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2018 (October 16, 2018): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4148975.

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The Locust Search (LS) algorithm is a swarm-based optimization method inspired in the natural behavior of the desert locust. LS considers the inclusion of two distinctive nature-inspired search mechanism, namely, their solitary phase and social phase operators. These interesting search schemes allow LS to overcome some of the difficulties that commonly affect other similar methods, such as premature convergence and the lack of diversity on solutions. Recently, computer vision experiments in insect tracking methods have conducted to the development of more accurate locust motion models than tho

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Prior, C., and D. A. Streett. "STRATEGIES FOR THE USE OF ENTOMOPATHOGENS IN THE CONTROL OF THE DESERT LOCUST AND OTHER ACRIDOID PESTS." Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada 129, S171 (1997): 5–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/entm129171005-1.

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AbstractLarge-scale applications of non-persistent but broad-spectrum chemical insecticides in Africa during the 1980s for control of acridoid pests, particularly the desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria Forskål) and Sahelian pest grasshoppers, raised concern about environmental damage and human safety. Similar concerns have been expressed in Australia, the United States, and Canada and have led to a search for alternative strategies. To lessen dependence on chemicals, an integrated pest management (IPM) approach for grasshopper control has been encouraged in the United States with emphasis on

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Miller, G. A., M. S. Islam, T. D. W. Claridge, T. Dodgson, and S. J. Simpson. "Swarm formation in the desert locust Schistocerca gregaria: isolation and NMR analysis of the primary maternal gregarizing agent." Journal of Experimental Biology 211, no. 3 (2008): 370–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.013458.

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14

Gijbels, Marijke, Elisabeth Marchal, Thomas Wolf Verdonckt, Evert Bruyninckx, and Jozef Vanden Broeck. "RNAi-Mediated Knockdown of Transcription Factor E93 in Nymphs of the Desert Locust (Schistocerca gregaria) Inhibits Adult Morphogenesis and Results in Supernumerary Juvenile Stages." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 20 (2020): 7518. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21207518.

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Postembryonic development of insects is coordinated by juvenile hormone (JH) together with ecdysteroids. Whereas the JH early response gene krüppel-homolog 1 (Kr-h1) plays a crucial role in the maintenance of juvenile characteristics during consecutive larval stages, the ecdysteroid-inducible early gene E93 appears to be a key factor promoting metamorphosis and adult morphogenesis. Here, we report on the developmental and molecular consequences of an RNAi-mediated knockdown of SgE93 in the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria, a hemimetabolan species. Our experimental data show that injection

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15

Xu, Zhitao, Adel Elomri, Abdelfatteh El Omri, Laoucine Kerbache, and Hui Liu. "The Compounded Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic and Desert Locust Outbreak on Food Security and Food Supply Chain." Sustainability 13, no. 3 (2021): 1063. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13031063.

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The COVID-19 pandemic and locust swarm outbreaks pose a significant threat to global food systems, causing severe disruptions in both local and international food supplies from farm to fork. The main objective of this study is to understand and identify the disruptions during the crises and create a map of how resilience can be established to recover and sustain the food supply chain (FSC) functions as well as food security. The detrimental impacts of the compound crises on the FSC are explored and the effects of the affected areas are estimated under optimistic and pessimistic scenarios. As a

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Pregitzer, Pablo, Xingcong Jiang, René-Sebastian Lemke, Jürgen Krieger, Jörg Fleischer, and Heinz Breer. "A Subset of Odorant Receptors from the Desert Locust Schistocerca gregaria Is Co-Expressed with the Sensory Neuron Membrane Protein 1." Insects 10, no. 10 (2019): 350. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects10100350.

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In the desert locust Schistocerca gregaria (S. gregaria), pheromones are considered to be crucial for governing important behaviors and processes, including phase transition, reproduction, aggregation and swarm formation. The receptors mediating pheromone detection in olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) on the antenna of S. gregaria are unknown. Since pheromone receptors in other insects belong to the odorant receptor (OR) family and are typically co-expressed with the “sensory neuron membrane protein 1” (SNMP1), in our search for putative pheromone receptors of S. gregaria, we have screened the

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Verlinden, Heleen, Lieven Sterck, Jia Li, et al. "First draft genome assembly of the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria." F1000Research 9 (July 27, 2020): 775. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.25148.1.

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Background: At the time of publication, the most devastating desert locust crisis in decades is affecting East Africa, the Arabian Peninsula and South-West Asia. The situation is extremely alarming in East Africa, where Kenya, Ethiopia and Somalia face an unprecedented threat to food security and livelihoods. Most of the time, however, locusts do not occur in swarms, but live as relatively harmless solitary insects. The phenotypically distinct solitarious and gregarious locust phases differ markedly in many aspects of behaviour, physiology and morphology, making them an excellent model to stud

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Verlinden, Heleen, Lieven Sterck, Jia Li, et al. "First draft genome assembly of the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria." F1000Research 9 (May 21, 2021): 775. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.25148.2.

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Background: At the time of publication, the most devastating desert locust crisis in decades is affecting East Africa, the Arabian Peninsula and South-West Asia. The situation is extremely alarming in East Africa, where Kenya, Ethiopia and Somalia face an unprecedented threat to food security and livelihoods. Most of the time, however, locusts do not occur in swarms, but live as relatively harmless solitary insects. The phenotypically distinct solitarious and gregarious locust phases differ markedly in many aspects of behaviour, physiology and morphology, making them an excellent model to stud

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19

Samejo, Ahmed Ali, Riffat Sultana, Santosh Kumar, and Samiullah Soomro. "Could Entomophagy Be an Effective Mitigation Measure in Desert Locust Management?" Agronomy 11, no. 3 (2021): 455. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11030455.

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The desert locust has been a notorious pest since ancient times. A population upsurge hit Pakistan in 2019 and caused tremendous damage to agriculture and livelihoods. To take advantage of this ongoing upsurge, we conducted a field study to verify whether locust collection could be an interesting control method to protect crops in the event of an invasion, as well as an accepted food resource for poor rural communities. A village in the Thar desertic region was selected as a type-locality. An awareness campaign was launched to promote the collection and consumption of locusts as well as to ale

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Cheke, Robert A., Stephen Young, Xia Wang, Jamie A. Tratalos, Sanyi Tang, and Keith Cressman. "Evidence for a Causal Relationship between the Solar Cycle and Locust Abundance." Agronomy 11, no. 1 (2020): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11010069.

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Time series of abundance indices for Desert Locusts Schistocerca gregaria (Forskål 1775) and Oriental Migratory Locusts Locusta migratoriamanilensis (Meyen 1835) were analysed independently and in relation to measures of solar activity and ocean oscillation systems. Data were compiled on the numbers of territories infested with swarms of the Desert Locust from 1860–2015 and an inferred series that compensated for poor reporting in the 1860 to 1925 period. In addition, data for 1930 to 2014, when reports are considered to have been consistently reliable were converted to numbers of 1° grid squa

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van Huis, A. "Harvesting desert locusts for food and feed may contribute to crop protection but will not suppress upsurges and plagues." Journal of Insects as Food and Feed 7, no. 3 (2021): 245–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/jiff2021.x003.

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The desert locust is the most destructive locust species in the world. Locusts differ from grasshoppers in behaviour as they can form hopper bands and swarms. During plagues in the past, locusts have been collected or destroyed by mechanical means. One of the control methods that are being suggested is to collect the locusts for consumption instead of using pesticides. Upsurges and plagues are an ideal opportunity to harvest these insects for food and feed. However, this is unlikely to significantly reduce the population.

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Kietzka, Gabriella J., Michel Lecoq, and Michael J. Samways. "Ecological and Human Diet Value of Locusts in a Changing World." Agronomy 11, no. 9 (2021): 1856. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11091856.

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Since ancient times, locusts have been serious pests wreaking havoc on settled agriculture throughout much of the world. Numerous locust practices have been developed to control infestations. This has led to most commentaries portraying locust infestations only in a negative light while focusing on finding best management practices for suppressing locust populations and lessening crop damage caused by swarms. Yet, locusts are also of great ecological significance in being not only an extraordinary natural phenomenon but also major components of ecosystem nutrient cycling, arising long before s

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Abdelatti, Zainab Ali Saad, and Manfred Hartbauer. "Plant oil mixtures as a novel botanical pesticide to control gregarious locusts." Journal of Pest Science 93, no. 1 (2019): 341–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10340-019-01169-7.

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Abstract For thousands of years, large locust swarms have caused severe problems in agriculture. People fight against current outbreaks by using chemical pesticides or an insect fungus known as Green Muscle™. While chemical pesticides may be harmful for humans and non-target species, the sporulation of the fungus takes a long period of time and requires conditions of high humidity that are not always found in the field. In this study, we tested the toxicity of a linseed oil/bicarbonate emulsion against gregarious desert locusts and screened for plant essential oils that enhance its toxicity. F

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Katel, Shambhu, Honey Raj Mandal, Pooja Neupane, et al. "Desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria Forskal) and its management: A review." Journal of Agriculture and Applied Biology 2, no. 1 (2021): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.11594/jaab.02.01.08.

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The desert locust [Schistocerca gregaria (Forskal)] (Orthoptera: Acrididae) is one of the world’s most dangerous and destructive migratory pests. It is a highly voracious and polyphagous insect. Its swarms can travel hundreds of kilometers per day and infest areas covering millions of square kilometers, resulting in substantial crop losses. We synthesize published research data and reports on the life cycle, behavior, phases, and damage of the desert locust, as well as its possible management practices, in this study. There are diffi-culties involved in estimating locust populations because lo

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Amichay, Guy, Gil Ariel, and Amir Ayali. "The effect of changing topography on the coordinated marching of locust nymphs." PeerJ 4 (December 13, 2016): e2742. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2742.

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Collective motion has traditionally been studied in the lab in homogeneous, obstacle-free environments, with little work having been conducted with changing landscapes or topography. Here, the impact of spatial heterogeneity on the collective motion exhibited by marching desert locust nymphs was studied under controlled lab conditions. Our experimental circular arenas, incorporating a funnel-like narrowing followed by re-widening, did not constitute a major barrier to the locusts; but, rather, mimicked a changing topography in the natural environment. We examined its effects on macroscopic fea

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Klein, Igor, Natascha Oppelt, and Claudia Kuenzer. "Application of Remote Sensing Data for Locust Research and Management—A Review." Insects 12, no. 3 (2021): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12030233.

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Recently, locust outbreaks around the world have destroyed agricultural and natural vegetation and caused massive damage endangering food security. Unusual heavy rainfalls in habitats of the desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria) and lack of monitoring due to political conflicts or inaccessibility of those habitats lead to massive desert locust outbreaks and swarms migrating over the Arabian Peninsula, East Africa, India and Pakistan. At the same time, swarms of the Moroccan locust (Dociostaurus maroccanus) in some Central Asian countries and swarms of the Italian locust (Calliptamus italicus)

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Matthews, Graham A. "New Technology for Desert Locust Control." Agronomy 11, no. 6 (2021): 1052. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11061052.

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Locust outbreaks usually begin in remote unpopulated areas following higher than average rainfall. The need to survey such areas has suggested that unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), often referred to as drones, might be a suitable means of surveying areas with suitable detection devices to survey areas and detect important locust concentrations. This would facilitate determining where sprays need to be applied at this early stage and would minimise the risk of swarms developing and migrating to feed on large areas of crops. Ideally, a drone could also spray groups of hoppers and adults at this

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Showler, Allan T., Mohammed Abdallahi Ould Babah Ebbe, Michel Lecoq, and Koutaro O. Maeno. "Early Intervention against Desert Locusts: Current Proactive Approach and the Prospect of Sustainable Outbreak Prevention." Agronomy 11, no. 2 (2021): 312. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11020312.

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The desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria (Forskål) (Orthoptera: Acrididae), a major Old World pest, is associated with agricultural losses and undesirable societal effects. There are three broad approaches to its control: reaction, proaction, and outbreak prevention. Reaction protects crops from swarms but it is costly and disruptive. Proaction involves early intervention during outbreaks to avert further development to plague status; it is in current use because it is effective, relatively inexpensive, and it is the best available option for now. Outbreak prevention, largely unavailable since

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Anstey, M. L., S. M. Rogers, S. R. Ott, M. Burrows, and S. J. Simpson. "Serotonin Mediates Behavioral Gregarization Underlying Swarm Formation in Desert Locusts." Science 323, no. 5914 (2009): 627–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1165939.

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Cheke, Robert A., Sanyi Tang, and Jamie A. Tratalos. "Predator–prey population models of migrant insects with phase change." ICES Journal of Marine Science 71, no. 8 (2013): 2221–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fst150.

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Abstract Locusts and some noctuid moths exhibit polyphenism whereby they can change their “phase” from a solitary (“solitarious”) condition to a gregarious one. Gregarious phase insects are often migratory travelling from recession areas into larger invasion zones and, among locusts, occur in swarms. Difference equation models of the population dynamics of insects that take account of such changes between solitarious or gregarious phases in relation to predation, both with and without time delays, are described. Solutions of the models are non-linear. Chaotic solutions are obtainable under som

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Ibrahim, Kamal M., Patricia Sourrouille, and Godfrey M. Hewitt. "Are recession populations of the desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria) remnants of past swarms?" Molecular Ecology 9, no. 6 (2000): 783–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294x.2000.00932.x.

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Jackson, Graham E., Elumalai Pavadai, Gerd Gäde, and Niels H. Andersen. "The adipokinetic hormones and their cognate receptor from the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria: solution structure of endogenous peptides and models of their binding to the receptor." PeerJ 7 (August 30, 2019): e7514. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7514.

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Background Neuropeptides exert their activity through binding to G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). GPCRs are well-known drug targets in the pharmaceutical industry and are currently discussed as targets to control pest insects. Here, we investigate the neuropeptide adipokinetic hormone (AKH) system of the desert locust Schistocerca gregaria. The desert locust is known for its high reproduction, and for forming devastating swarms consisting of billions of individual insects. It is also known that S. gregaria produces three different AKHs as ligands but has only one AKH receptor (AKHR). The A

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Popov, G. B. "NOTES ON THE BEHAVIOUR OF SWARMS OF THE DESERT LOCUST (SCHISTOCERCA GREGARIA FORSKÅL) DURING OVIPOSITION IN IRAN." Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 105, no. 4 (2009): 65–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1954.tb03320.x.

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Stoate, C. "The impact of Desert Locust Schistocerca gregaria swarms on pre-migratory fattening of Whitethroats Sylvia communis in the western Sahel." Ibis 137, no. 3 (2008): 420–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919x.1995.tb08043.x.

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"Algerian case study and the need for permanent Desert Locust monitoring." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. B, Biological Sciences 328, no. 1251 (1990): 573–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1990.0129.

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Through the experience gained by Algeria and the Maghreb Commission for Desert Locust control during the past recession and the present plague (1987, 1989), especially in the use of operational meteorological products of the World Weather Watch of the World Meteorological Organization for improved forecasts of swarm movement, an integrated acridometeorological watch system is suggested for the whole Saharan breeding area to avoid any surprise in the future. This permanent monitoring system should be built and operated jointly by the meteorological and the plant protection services at the natio

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Kinyuru, John N. "Nutrient content and lipid characteristics of desert locust (Schistoscerca gregaria) swarm in Kenya." International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, October 12, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42690-020-00308-3.

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Ahmad, Jam Nazeer, Samina J. N. Ahmad, Mubashir Ahmad Malik, et al. "Molecular Evidence for the Association of Swarm Forming Desert Locust, Schistocerca gregaria gregaria (Forskål) in Pakistan with Highly Prevalent Subspecies in Sahara Desert of Africa." Pakistan Journal of Zoology 52, no. 6 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.17582/journal.pjz/20200501020521.

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"DESERT LOCUSTS: New Swarms." Africa Research Bulletin: Economic, Financial and Technical Series 58, no. 1 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6346.2021.09910.x.

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"The Desert Locust: an international challenge." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. B, Biological Sciences 328, no. 1251 (1990): 525–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1990.0125.

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A new plague of the Desert Locust Schistocerca gregaria started in 1986; it developed quickly in 1987 in the Sahelian countries and reached northwest Africa at the end of 1987. It expanded in 1988 in north Africa, the Sahel, the Sudan, the Near East, southwest Asia, and in October 1988, swarms crossed the Atlantic to the Caribbean. The plague declined dramatically in the past quarter of 1988, and by March 1989 the plague was over. A study of the latest known upsurges provides more support to the theory that a build-up of locusts arises from initially low-density populations rather than from th

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Khan, Rina. "Record Locust Swarms Hint at What’s to Come with Climate Change." Eos 101 (July 14, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2020eo146954.

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"Desert Locusts: New Funding as Swarms Grow." Africa Research Bulletin: Economic, Financial and Technical Series 57, no. 7 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6346.2020.09645.x.

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