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Newell, Alan C., Patrick D. Shipman, and Todd J. Cooke. "Patterns on Desert Plants." University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/556802.
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The patterns seen in both the phyllotaxis and surface morphologies in the vicinity of the shoot apical meristems of plants are discussed. We begin with many pictures and a narrative descriptive of both the universal and anomalous features of desert and other plants. We then briefly outline explanations and open challenges. Although many of the special features of phyllotaxis have been known for over four centuries, only now are mechanistic explanations beginning to emerge.
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Norem, Margaret A. "Desert Plants - Table of Contents." University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/554342.
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Santiago-Blay, Jorge A., and Joseph B. Lambert. "Desert Plants and their Exudates." University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/556669.
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Waterfall, Patricia. "Care of Desert-Adapted Plants." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/144826.
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20 pp.Arid urban environment increases the potential insect problems in shrubs and trees. Urban stress conditions include extreme temperatures, salty irrigation water, and heavy soils. Further, many trees and shrubs available in nurseries are not adapted to these arid climates. This publication discusses in detail how to prevent or reduce insect and disease problems for desert-adapted plants by following proper planting, pruning, irrigation, and weed control practices.
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McCoy, Jan. "New Medicines From Desert Plants?" College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/295640.
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Kool, Anneleen. "Desert Plants and Deserted Islands : Systematics and Ethnobotany in Caryophyllaceae." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Systematisk biologi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-179853.
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Background. Caryophyllaceae is a large and cosmopolitic flowering plant family, however the systematics of many of its basal groups has been unclear, due to a lack of unambiguous morphology. Some members of Caryophyllaceae are used medicinally, e.g. Corrigiola roots in Morocco. Monitoring the trade in medicinal plants is complicated due to the absence of useful identification characters in plant products such as roots, bark, and powders. This thesis aims at elucidating the systematics and the ethnobotany of some of the basal clades in Caryophyllaceae. Methods. A comprehensive sampling from herbarium as well as market and field collected material was used in systematic studies combining morphological investigation, molecular phylogenetic and molecular dating analyses. Results. The data show that Polycarpon is polyphyletic, that Sphaerocoma is sister to Pollichia and shows some intraspecific variation, that Sanctambrosia falls within the genus Spergularia, and that both Spergula and Spergularia are monophyletic. Preliminary data suggest that Polycarpaea is polyphyletic and should be split into three larger and several smaller genera, that the members of Paronychia subgen. Anaplonychia will need to be transferred to Herniaria to maintain monophyly, and that Caryophyllaceae emerged during the Paleocene. All the major extant lineages originated in the Oligocene and diversified later. Using molecular identification it was possible to identify around 50% of the Moroccan medicinal roots to species level and an additional 30% to genus level. Discussion and conclusions. The polyphyletic Polycarpon needs to be split into at least three separate genera, but no name changes were made pending further research. The two species of Sphaerocoma were merged into one species with two subspecies. The San Ambrosio Island endemic Sanctambrosia, the only tree-like plant in Caryophyllaceae, is probably the result of a long distance dispersal event and its woody habit and gynodioecy are probably caused by inbreeding depression. Sanctambrosia manicata is transferred to Spergularia. Molecular identification put into practice on traded medicinal roots has a somewhat lower success rate than most theoretical studies, indicating that a global barcoding database would need to include reference sequences from a broad range of populations for each species.
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Abdoulgader, A. M. "Ecophysiological studies of several desert plants." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.379576.
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Lampe, Kenneth F. "Contact Dermatitis from Sonoran Desert Plants." University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/609073.
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Johnson, Matthew B., and William R. Feldman. "Desert Plants, Volume 31, Number 1." University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622043.
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Gubiani, Juliana Regina [UNESP]. "Bioprospecção de fungos endofílicos Camarops sp., Periconia atropurpurea e Pseudofusicoccum stromaticum e avaliação epigenética de Phoma sp." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/135922.
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000854407.pdf: 8174488 bytes, checksum: 9e24d2d63d9e50b4f003bc5a41502cda (MD5)Os fungos são considerados fontes promissoras de compostos bioativos com potencial aplicação na indústria alimentícia, agricultura e medicina, e de fato, diversos medicamentos utilizados na saúde pública são originárias de fungos. Estes são encontrados em vários ecossistemas, entre os quais podemos citar os que vivem no interior das espécies vegetais. Estes micro-organismos são denominados de endófitos e tem se revelado uma fonte promissora de metabólitos bioativos. Dentro deste contexto, este trabalho foi idealizado, objetivando a obtenção de substâncias potencialmente bioativas a partir do estudo químico e biológico dos extratos produzidos pelos fungos endofíticos Camarops sp., Periconia atropurpurea e Pseudofusicoccum stromaticum isolados de espécies vegetais do Cerrado e, o estudo epigenético de Phoma sp. isolado de espécie vegetal do Deserto de Sonora, utilizando no cultivo o modificador epigenético SAHA. Estes endófitos foram cultivados em escala reduzida em meios de cultivo líquidos e sólidos para obtenção dos extratos brutos, os quais foram submetidos a análises químicas (CCDC, HPLC e RMN de 1H) e biológicas (antifúngico, anticolinesterásico e citotóxico). Todos os extratos brutos apresentaram pelo menos uma atividade biológica, o que adicionado às análises químicas permitiram selecionar os meios de cultivo adequados para o crescimento em escala ampliada e, isolamento dos metabólitos secundários. Do cultivo de Camarops sp. no meio sólido de Milho isolou-se cinco substâncias, das quais quatro são inéditas 3-((1S,2S)-1,2-dihidroxibut-3-enil)-4-((E)-pent-1-enil)furan-2(5H)-ona (1), 3, 5, 9-trihidroxi presilfiperfolano (2), deacetilbotridial (3), ácido (E)-2,4-dimetilocta-2-enóico (4) e, ácido (E)-2,4-dimetilnon-2-enóico (5), os compostos 4 e 5 foram ativos na inibição da enzima acetilcolinesterase. Do extrato, obtido do meio líquido de Malte, de...
Fungi are considered promising sources of bioactive compounds with potential application in the food, agriculture and medicine industry, and in fact, many drugs used in public health originate from fungi. These are found in various ecosystems, among which we can mention those who live inside the plant species. These microorganisms are called endophytes and have proved to be a promising source of bioactive metabolites. Within this context, this work was carried out, aiming to obtain potentially bioactive substances from chemical and biological study of extracts produced by the endophytic fungi Camarops sp., Periconia atropurpurea and Pseudofusicoccum stromaticum isolated from plant species of the Cerrado and epigenetic studies of Phoma sp. isolated from plant species of the Sonoran Desert using in cultivation the epigenetic modifier SAHA. These endophytes were grown on small scale in liquid culture media and solid to obtain the crude extract. These were subjected to chemical analysis (TLC, HPLC and 1H NMR) and biological (antifungal, anticholinesterase and cytotoxic). All crude extracts showed at least one biological activity, which added the chemical analysis allowed to select the culture medium of appropriate for growth in large scale and isolation of secondary metabolites. The growing of Camarops sp. in solid medium of corn were isolated five compounds of which four are new 3-((1S,2S)-1,2-dihydroxybut-3-enyl)-4-((E)-pent-1-enyl)furan-2(5H)-one (1), 3, 5, 9-trihydroxy presilphiperfolane (2), deacetyl-botrydial (3), (E)-2, 4-dimetilocta-2-enoic acid (4), and (E)-2, 4-dimetilnon-2-enoic acid (5), compounds 4 and 5 were active in inhibiting the enzyme acetylcholinesterase. From the extract obtained from the liquid medium Malt, of P. atropurpurea were isolated the compounds 4,5-diethyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydrobenzo[c][1,6]dioxecine-1,8-dione (6) and periconicina B (7). From the cultivation of P. stromaticum...
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Gubiani, Juliana Regina. "Bioprospecção de fungos endofílicos Camarops sp., Periconia atropurpurea e Pseudofusicoccum stromaticum e avaliação epigenética de Phoma sp. /." Araraquara, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/135922.
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Orientador: Angela Regina AraujoBanca: Ana Helena Januário
Banca: Luce Maria Brandão Torres
Banca: Geraldo Humberto Silva
Banca: Afonso Duarte Leão de Souza
Resumo: Os fungos são considerados fontes promissoras de compostos bioativos com potencial aplicação na indústria alimentícia, agricultura e medicina, e de fato, diversos medicamentos utilizados na saúde pública são originárias de fungos. Estes são encontrados em vários ecossistemas, entre os quais podemos citar os que vivem no interior das espécies vegetais. Estes micro-organismos são denominados de endófitos e tem se revelado uma fonte promissora de metabólitos bioativos. Dentro deste contexto, este trabalho foi idealizado, objetivando a obtenção de substâncias potencialmente bioativas a partir do estudo químico e biológico dos extratos produzidos pelos fungos endofíticos Camarops sp., Periconia atropurpurea e Pseudofusicoccum stromaticum isolados de espécies vegetais do Cerrado e, o estudo epigenético de Phoma sp. isolado de espécie vegetal do Deserto de Sonora, utilizando no cultivo o modificador epigenético SAHA. Estes endófitos foram cultivados em escala reduzida em meios de cultivo líquidos e sólidos para obtenção dos extratos brutos, os quais foram submetidos a análises químicas (CCDC, HPLC e RMN de 1H) e biológicas (antifúngico, anticolinesterásico e citotóxico). Todos os extratos brutos apresentaram pelo menos uma atividade biológica, o que adicionado às análises químicas permitiram selecionar os meios de cultivo adequados para o crescimento em escala ampliada e, isolamento dos metabólitos secundários. Do cultivo de Camarops sp. no meio sólido de Milho isolou-se cinco substâncias, das quais quatro são inéditas 3-((1S,2S)-1,2-dihidroxibut-3-enil)-4-((E)-pent-1-enil)furan-2(5H)-ona (1), 3, 5, 9-trihidroxi presilfiperfolano (2), deacetilbotridial (3), ácido (E)-2,4-dimetilocta-2-enóico (4) e, ácido (E)-2,4-dimetilnon-2-enóico (5), os compostos 4 e 5 foram ativos na inibição da enzima acetilcolinesterase. Do extrato, obtido do meio líquido de Malte, de...
Abstract: Fungi are considered promising sources of bioactive compounds with potential application in the food, agriculture and medicine industry, and in fact, many drugs used in public health originate from fungi. These are found in various ecosystems, among which we can mention those who live inside the plant species. These microorganisms are called endophytes and have proved to be a promising source of bioactive metabolites. Within this context, this work was carried out, aiming to obtain potentially bioactive substances from chemical and biological study of extracts produced by the endophytic fungi Camarops sp., Periconia atropurpurea and Pseudofusicoccum stromaticum isolated from plant species of the Cerrado and epigenetic studies of Phoma sp. isolated from plant species of the Sonoran Desert using in cultivation the epigenetic modifier SAHA. These endophytes were grown on small scale in liquid culture media and solid to obtain the crude extract. These were subjected to chemical analysis (TLC, HPLC and 1H NMR) and biological (antifungal, anticholinesterase and cytotoxic). All crude extracts showed at least one biological activity, which added the chemical analysis allowed to select the culture medium of appropriate for growth in large scale and isolation of secondary metabolites. The growing of Camarops sp. in solid medium of corn were isolated five compounds of which four are new 3-((1S,2S)-1,2-dihydroxybut-3-enyl)-4-((E)-pent-1-enyl)furan-2(5H)-one (1), 3, 5, 9-trihydroxy presilphiperfolane (2), deacetyl-botrydial (3), (E)-2, 4-dimetilocta-2-enoic acid (4), and (E)-2, 4-dimetilnon-2-enoic acid (5), compounds 4 and 5 were active in inhibiting the enzyme acetylcholinesterase. From the extract obtained from the liquid medium Malt, of P. atropurpurea were isolated the compounds 4,5-diethyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydrobenzo[c][1,6]dioxecine-1,8-dione (6) and periconicina B (7). From the cultivation of P. stromaticum...
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Bowers, Janice E., and Steven P. McLaughlin. "Desert Plants, Volume 8, Number 2 (1987)." University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625466.
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Hendrickson, Dean A., and W. L. Minckley. "Desert Plants, Volume 6, Number 3 (1984)." University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/552226.
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West, Joanne. "How to Photograph Desert Plants and Flowers." University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/556559.
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Emmerson, Louise M. "Persistence mechanisms of Erodiophyllum elderi, an arid land daisy with a patchy distribution /." Title page, abstract and contents only, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phe54.pdf.
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Scaro, Robert C. "Desert Plants, Volume 9, Number 3-4 (1989)." University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/609109.
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Wiens, John F., Devender Thomas R. Van, and Mark A. Dimmitt. "Desert Plants, Volume 30, Number 2 (January 2015)." University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622002.
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Complete issue of Desert Plants.Ironwood Forest National Monument, created in 2000, is located west of Tucson and south of Casa Grande, in Pima and Pinal Counties, south-central Arizona. The boundaries encompass parts or all of eight desert hill and mountain ranges and two valleys. In the flora of 593 taxa, one federally listed endangered plant species, Echinocactus horizonthalonius variety nicholii, occurs within the Monument. Two other plant species common in Mexico, Cathestecum brevifolium and Pisonia capitata, have their only known United States populations in the Monument. Flora plots revealed a wide range in species composition and numbers based on topography and geology. Census plots performed on Carnegiea gigantea, Olneya tesota, Parkinsonia florida, Parkinsonia microphylla, and Prosopis velutina showed populations in most areas of the Monument to be healthy and stable. When compared with floras of nearby sites of similar habitat, the Ironwood Forest National Monument was found to be remarkably rich in species and low in exotic taxa.
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Johnson, Matthew B. "Desert Plants, Volume 31, Number 2 (February 2016)." University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622003.
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McAuliffe, Joseph R. "Desert Plants, Volume 32, Number 1 (September 2016)." University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622004.
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Complete issue of Desert Plants.Portions of the eastern Mojave Desert region of southeastern California, southern Nevada, and west-central Arizona that receive significant inputs of warm-season precipitation contain large areas dominated by various C4 perennial grasses including Pleuraphis rigida, P. jamesii, Bouteloua eriopoda, and B. gracilis. The lower elevation at which the two Bouteloua species occur rises from east to west in response to diminished precipitation, especially that received during the warm season. Unpredictability of warm-season precipitation also increases from east to west, but these grasses occasionally make use of cool-season precipitation stored in the soil, once temperatures required for the C4 photosynthetic pathway are achieved in late spring, but before the onset of summer monsoonal precipitation. Species distributions vary with elevation, with P. rigida occurring at lower elevations, B. eriopoda and P. jamesii at intermediate elevations, and B. gracilis at higher elevations. Composition of communities containing the latter three species is similar to grassland formations of the cool-temperate grasslands (grama-galleta steppe) of the Colorado Plateau region. Small, less predictable amounts of warm-season precipitation probably impose the greatest limitation to the diversity of C4 grasses in the eastern Mojave Desert region. However, due to warmer minimum winter temperatures, the woody plant and succulent floras associated with perennial grasses in the eastern Mojave region bear greater resemblance to those of the warm-temperate, semi-desert grasslands of west-central Arizona, southeastern Arizona, and the Sonoran and Mojave Deserts. The presence of these woody plant and succulents in perennial grass-dominated communities in the eastern Mojave Desert imparts a structural character similar to that of the warm-temperate semi-arid grasslands of southern Arizona. Although climate (particularly warm-season precipitation) is a first-order determinant of the occurrence of perennial C4 grasses in the eastern Mojave Desert region, geological characteristics that control soil formation and soil hydrological behavior strongly influence composition of communities. The common denominator of sites dominated by grasses is a soil with relatively thick, fine-grained soil horizons that are conducive to exploitation by relatively shallow, diffuse, fibrous root systems of those grasses. Such soils occur in diverse settings, ranging from relatively steep hillslopes underlain by bedrock to gently inclined alluvial fans. In rocky hillslope environments, these kinds of soils are associated with late Pleistocene colluvium deposits in which eolian dust accumulation is principally responsible for forming the thick, fine-grained horizons. Erosion of these soils on hillslopes contributes to hydrological conditions more conducive to taproot systems of woody plants that occupy deeper fractures and joints in bedrock. Similarly, erosional truncation of well-developed soils of alluvial fans and exposure of cemented, relatively impenetrable calcic horizons produce a shift in dominance by perennial grasses to woody plants. In many settings, the presence of relatively dense perennial grass cover plays an essential role in moderating surface flows and inhibiting erosion. Prior to Anglo-American settlement of the region in the late 1800s, occasional wildfires may have fostered dominance of perennial grasses in some of these areas. Since the 1890s, livestock ranching has significantly impacted perennial grass-dominated vegetation. Removal of livestock from portions of the region around 2000, coupled with years of abundant warm-season precipitation, in some cases combined with wildfire, has led to a resurgence of perennial grasses in some areas. Effective management and conservation of these areas require a comprehensive understanding of the composition, occurrence, and ecological functioning of these communities.
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Brown, David E., and Elizabeth Makings. "Desert Plants, Volume 29, Number 2 (January 2014)." University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622014.
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Vega, Susana Berenice. "Efficiency of nonnative plants in the Sonoran Desert." The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/338202.
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Sustainable Built Environments Senior CapstoneThis study analyzes the efficiency of non-native trees in the Sonoran Desert. Some non-native trees highlighted as examples are Chinaberry tree (Melia azedarach) and the Cottonwood tree (Populus deltoides) sometimes referred as Alamo tree in the Southern part of the Sonoran Desert. The overall idea is to consider the non-native diversity available in the Sonoran Desert and its benefits. Keep in mind that the Sonoran Desert spreads throughout the Arizona, a section in California and in Northern Mexico in the state of Sonora, and Baja California Sur; however our focus is mainly on the area around Tucson and Sonora, México. Desert plants typically require little water and maintenance, which tends to be one of the biggest environmental benefits for landscape designers. Landscape designers often present a landscape that will maintain itself according to the resources in its surrounding. Desert plants are preferred in the northern part of the Sonoran Desert because they tend to fall into a sustainable type of garden. This study consists of four sections: the argument, relevant examples, results and a potential. The first section exposes myths behind non-native plants and considers the efficiency of their performance in the Sonoran Desert. The efficiency of the non-native plants considers the performance of the plant at a social, ecological and economical level. The next section mentions three different nonnative plants commonly seen in the Sonoran Desert. These plants are the Chinaberry tree, the Alamo tree and the Red Pistache tree. Each tree contributes differently to the Sonoran Desert and improve the biodiversity at their site. The third section of the study provides a solution for non-native plants to have a sustainable performance in the Sonoran Desert. The last section compiles all the previous sections to identify significant change in the efficiency of non-native plants. As part of the results, one can consider the non-native plant disturbance to be essential in the Sonoran Desert. The Sonoran Desert is a location that adapts to extreme heat in the summer and due to its change in elevation also provides a diversity of plants for the cold winters. Therefore, this change in climates throughout the year allows nonnative plants to adapt at a faster pace than they would elsewhere. Some suggestions to mention in this paper include the adaptation of non-native plants nearby to residential homes. Residential homes require more trees that can perform a good job at providing shade to the building during the summer season.
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Rondeau, Renée, Devender Thomas R. Van, C. David Bertelsen, Philip Jenkins, Rebecca K. Wilson, and Mark A. Dimmitt. "Desert Plants, Volume 12, Number 2 (December 1996)." University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/554245.
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The Tucson Mountains are a small desert range (about 40,000 hectares) in the Arizona Upland subdivision of the Sonoran Desert in Pima County, southern Arizona. They lie in an ecological transition between the Sonoran Desert and higher biotic communities including desert grassland, chaparral, and montane woodlands and forests. The dominant vegetation types are desertscrub and desert grassland. The vascular flora is unusually rich with 610 species and 23 infraspecific taxa in 334 genera and 80 families. Ten families make up 62 percent of the flora while 29 families are represented by a single species. Life forms include herbs (76 percent), shrubs (nine percent), subshrubs (seven percent), succulents (six percent), and trees (two percent). The herbaceous species are largely represented by grasses (20 percent) and composites (17 percent). Annuals are the most common life form (45 percent). These grow in response to precipitation in the winter-spring (61 percent), summer-fall (33 percent), or both (six percent). Most taxa (51 percent) were found at less than five locales; these locally distributed species are generally rare or uncommon. Thirteen percent of the flora are introduced exotics of which only seven species are well established in undisturbed habitat. Over 3200 specimens have been collected since 1884, providing a rich history for a local flora. Approximately 25 species were collected prior to 1950 that have not been collected since.
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Mauz, Kathryn. "Desert Plants, Volume 15, Number 2 (December 1999)." University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/554316.
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Wiens, John F. "Desert Plants, Volume 16, Number 2 (December 2000)." University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/554340.
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Ragged Top is a small desert peak in north-central Pima County, in the Santa Cruz River watershed in the northeastern Sonoran Desert. There are 398 plant taxa in 66 families, on Ragged Top and in the immediate watershed. Ragged Top's rugged topography and its geographic position in relationship to other biotic communities in the region have made it a habitat for a remarkable palette of plants. One species, Pisonia capitata (Nyctaginaceae), was an addition to the flora of the United States, and another, Bouteloua diversispicula (Poaceae), was a confirmation of a single, questionable United States collection from 1867. This is a study of the vascular plants and the vegetational composition on the mountain and surrounding desert.
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Mauz, Kathryn. "Desert Plants, Volume 18, Number 1 (June 2002)." University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/555881.
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Gilbert, Edward, and Max Licher. "Desert Plants, Volume 21, Number 1 (June 2005)." University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/555883.
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Ferg, Alan. "Desert Plants, Volume 19, Number 2 (December 2003)." University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/555911.
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Burke, Antje, and Coleen Mannheimer. "The Sperrgebiet - a Diversity Hotspot of Desert Plants." University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/555913.
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Makings, Elizabeth. "Desert Plants, Volume 22, Number 2 (December 2006)." University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/555924.
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Bezy, John, Charles F. Hutchinson, and Conrad J. Bahre. "Desert Plants, Volume 23, Number 2 (December 2007)." University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/555930.
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Newton, Douglas R. "Desert Plants, Volume 29, Number 1 (June 2013)." University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/556814.
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This study identifies the flora of the Eagletail Mountain Region, an area covering approximately 100,600 acres, located in west-central Arizona including the Eagletail Mountains, Granite Mountains, portions of the Harquahala Valley, and Cemetery Ridge near Clanton Well. The region is located 129 km (80 mi) west of Phoenix and 24 km (15 mi) south of Interstate 10. Plants were collected over a six-year period, beginning September, 2004 and ending May, 2010, including two wet winters and two wet summers. A total of702 collections were made covering 292 species that represented 63 families. Additional information on the region included in the thesis is: 1) an analysis of the climate, based on 20 years of rainfall records, 2) a prehistory and history identifying archeological sites, 3) an analysis of food plants used by the Native Americans that suggested how they were able to live in the region, 4) a paleo-botanical history based on an evaluation of pack-rat midden collections from mountain ranges around the region, 5) a comparison of the trees, shrubs, and perennials of the Eagletail Mountain Region with those of the Sierra Estrella and Kofa Mountains, and 6) a survey of non-native species. The habitats that the plants occupied based on climate and soils included were: 1) the bottoms and sides of sandy/ gravelly washes, 2) bajada slopes-volcanic soils, 3) bajada slopes-granitic sandy soils, 4) slot canyons/rock outcrops, 5) desert pavement, and 6) open valleys. Each habitat has its own characteristic species composition and distribution.
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Ntshakaza, Pamella. "Host relations of Kalaharituber pfeilii (Henn.) Trappe & Kagan-Zur." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1020888.
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Kalaharituber pfeilii (Henn.) Trappe & Kagan-Zur commonly known as the “Kalahari truffle” is a desert truffle species identified from the Kalahari region of southern Africa. Two other species, Eremiomyces echinulatus (Trappe & Marasas) Trappe & Kagan-Zur and Mattirolomyces austroafricanus (Trappe & Marasas) Trappe & Kovacs are also known to occur in other parts of southern Africa. Truffles are hypogeous fruiting bodies of Ascomycetes, important to humans for their nutritional value and medicinal characteristics. These truffles are known as desert truffles as they prefer to occur under arid or semi-arid conditions characteristic of deserts. Truffle development depends on the presence of a mycorrhizal host, associated microorganisms as well as soil and climatic characteristics. It has been suggested that K. pfeilii has a suspected broad plant host range which includes herbaceous to woody trees and shrubs. However, these relationships have not been verified. Indigenous people of the Kalahari believe that truffles are found under grasses. In the Kalahari, truffle fruiting bodies are often found entangled in Stipagrostis ciliata (Desf.) De Winter var. capensis (Trin. & Rupr.) De Winter roots. S. ciliata, also known as the tall bushman-grass, is the most common grass found in the Kalahari. The objective of this study was to provide conclusive evidence that S. ciliata var. capensis is a host of the Kalahari truffle. Truffle fruiting bodies and grass roots from where the truffles were found were collected from Upington, South Africa. The fruiting bodies were identified by observing their morphological characteristics using the ‘Keys of Truffle genera’. All observed physical properties were similar to those of K. pfeilii and further identification was done using molecular techniques. DNA was extracted from the fruiting bodies, mycelial cultures, rhizosheaths and from the S. ciliata var. capensis grass roots, which were then amplified using the specific K. pfeilii specific primers TPF3 and TPR1 and sequenced. The obtained sequence results confirmed that the collected fruiting bodies were those of the K. pfeilii and the molecular techniques also confirmed that K. pfeilii DNA was present in the S. ciliata var. capensis rhizosheath and root cells. Microscopy showed an ectendomycorrhizal association between K. pfeilii and S. ciliata var. capensis. Mycorrhizal resynthesis experiments were conducted to establish this mycorrhizal association in-vitro. They were unsuccessful because of the structure of the grass and the availability of contaminants. And more...
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Aronson, James. "Desert Plants of Use and Charm from Northern Chile." University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/609119.
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Following a brief introduction to the geography, geomorphology, and climatic conditions of the arid northern regions of Chile, 20 taxa of plants are described in terms of their botany, ecology, distribution, and current and past uses. Emphasis is placed on perennial legumes, some of which are being used in a new research and development project in Chile. Discussion is also made of possible pre-Colombian plant exchanges between northern Chile and the region east of the Andes.
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Aronson, James A., and Henry Thompson. "Desert Plants of Use and Charm from Southwestern Africa." University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/554233.
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In September, 1986 a botanical survey was undertaken of South West Africa/Namibia (SWAIN) and adjacent arid parts of the Republic of South Africa (RSA). Primary emphasis was placed on the arid and semiarid regions with under 250 mm mean annual rainfall, in which both the summer-and winter-rainfall areas were visited. Observations were made on wild plants with known or potential value as new fruit or nut, vegetable, medicinal, or forage and fodder crops. Wild relatives of conventional crops for breeding programs were identified as well as several useful halophytes. New trees for agroforestry systems and new desert landscaping subjects were spotted, and last but not least, many desert plants of note were found for inclusion in living collections for purposes of botanical study and rapture.
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Bourgeron, Patrick S., Lisa D. Engelking, Hope C. Humphries, Esteban Muldavin, and W. H. Moir. "Desert Plants, Volume 11, Numbers 2-3 (March 1995)." University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/554242.
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Fox, Gordon Allen. "Adaptation, history, and development in the evolution of a desert annual life history." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184710.
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Individuals of Eriogonum abertianum Torr. (Polygonaceae) flower in spring, or following onset of summer rains, or both. Within populations flowering time is mainly environmentally determined: there is little genetic variance for flowering time, and experimental moisture limitation significantly delays flowering. In the field a Sonoran Desert population experienced significantly more mortality during the foresummer droughts, and had a significantly greater proportion of spring-flowering plants, than a Chihuahuan Desert population. Greenhouse experiments suggest a genetic basis for differences in size and time of flowering between these populations. Fossil and biogeographic evidence support an adaptive interpretation of earlier flowering in the Sonoran Desert. A model of selection comparing spring-plus-summer flowering with spring-only flowering suggests that expected summer fecundity may not offset the risk of foresummer mortality in the Sonoran population. Rather than switching to a spring-only habit as predicted by the model, the species' range ends where summer rainfall declines abruptly. The invariance of the spring-plus-summer habit is not explained by the demographic, historical, or genetic data. Plants which live for more than a year in the wild have offspring which, in the greenhouse, live longer than the offspring of the general population. This suggests a genetic basis for the occasional observed perennation. Analysis of a quantitative genetic model suggests that when adult survivorship is low, selection will generally reduce perennation. The annual habit is thus likely to persist even in the presence of genetic variation for perennation. Optimal control models of plant carbon allocation are extended to include within-season mortality and allometric growth constraints. When parameters are varied in numerical experiments, resulting predictions for easily measurable characters (e.g., time to first flower) often vary only slightly; most differences are in fitness, suggesting that satisfactory empirical tests may be difficult to conduct. Arbitrary mortality functions can optimally lead to multiple flowering episodes, and this can depend sensitively on parameter values. Optimal trajectories with allometric constraints are divided into a period of vegetative growth and another period of mixed growth.
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Sundberg, Marshall D. "Trends in Distribution and Size of Stomata in Desert Plants." University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/554223.
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Pantastico, Marissa Capistrano. "Competition in desert winter annuals: Effects of spatial and temporal variation." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185362.
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Removal experiments were conducted to determine particular spatial and temporal conditions that can influence competitive interactions in several desert winter annual species. During the 1987-88 season, variation in the magnitude of competition at three habitats along a topographic gradient was demonstrated in two co-occurring species of winter annuals, Plantago patagonica and Pectocarya recurvata. Density effects on the survival and reproductive success of either species were weakest at the slope. However, the habitats where the two species experienced the most intense competition differed. Plantago was most affected by competition at the wash while Pectocarya was most affected at the base of the hill. The most striking pattern observed was that, for both species, the habitat with the highest reproductive success for plants that were not experiencing competition tended to be the worst habitat for plants in competition. A comparison of results from two experiments performed on Plantago patagonica during two growing seasons showed that competition occurred despite large seasonal differences in weather and plant performance. When wet and dry conditions of different year types were simulated by artificial irrigation during a dry season, competition was still detected in both rainfed and irrigated plants regardless of the marked differences in plant size as a result of the irrigation treatment. A neighborhood density roughly equivalent to 8 plants/dm² appeared sufficient to create competitive conditions for Plantago. Effects of competition were consistently manifested in reduced plant growth and fecundity. There was no evidence for density-dependent seedling mortality (self-thinning) even with seedling densities as high as 48 plants/dm². In two pairs of species tested, Plantago patagonica-Schismus barbatus and Plantago patagonica-Pectorcarya recurvata, there was no statistically detectable effect of neighbor species identity on target plants of Plantago and Pectocarya suggesting the possible equivalence of competitive effects in these species of desert winter annuals.
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Walker, George Floyd. "Analysis of molecular variation in the federally endangered Astragalus jaegerianus (Fabaceae, Papilionoideae): A species with a restricted geographic range." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2743.
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The purpose of this study is to investigate the level and distribution of genetic variation in Astragalus jaegerianus by using molecular markers. The objectives of the study are: to estimate levels of genetic variation within and among populations of Astragalus jaegerianus; to test the hypothesis that levels and patterns of genetic variation in species of restricted ranges and few individuals is low and partitioned at the population level; and to discern whether, or how well, genetic partitioning of Lane Mountain milk vetch correlates with its geographic partitioning in the field.
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Crosswhite, F. S., and C. D. Crosswhite. "Editorial - The Precise Definitions of Hardiness and Xericity in Desert Plants." University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/554228.
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Ben, Zaed Samar Abolgasem. "Chemical and molecular analysis of Libyan desert plants used in camel feed." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2016. http://digitool.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=27841.
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Camels form an integral part of everyday life of Bedouins and other communities living in arid/desert zones. There is evidence that these communities use camel milk and urine for therapeutic purposes. The aim of this study was to determine the chemical composition of Rhanterium epapposum, Astragalus spinosus, Tamarix aphylla and Citrullus colocynthus -desert plants used commonly in camel fodder, which may be a source of therapeutically active compounds that could be transferred to camel body fluids. Plants were investigated phytochemically and a range of compounds, including phenolic compounds containing sulphur, were elucidated; one of which appears to be novel. In addition, flavonoids, isoflavonoid derivatives, cucurbitacin, and cucurbitacin glycosides were isolated from these plants. Isolated compounds produced in adequate quantities were screened in vitro for cytotoxic activity against human cancer cell lines: A375 (malignant melanoma), PANC-1 (pancreatic carcinoma), A2780 (ovarian carcinoma), ZR-75-1 (breast carcinoma), LNCaP (prostate carcinoma), and HeLa (cervical cancer) and a non-cancer (PNT2) cell line using an AlamarBlue® assay. In parallel, this study also attempted to examine miRNAs present in the plants, camel milk and urine, which might have a therapeutic role via the dietary xenomir hypothesis which suggests plant-derived small nucleic acids can be passed through the food chain to humans and potentially regulate human gene expression. In conclusion, compounds were identified for the first time from camel fodder, some of which had anti-cancer activity. In addition, to phytochemicals, preliminary data showed the possibility of miRNA molecules from these plants having an anti-cancer role to play.
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Reaber, Ann Catherine. "STUDIES ON THE GERMINATION OF PENSTEMON PARRYI GRAY SEED (GIBBERELLIC ACID, TEMPERATURE, STRATIFICATION)." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/275325.
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Clark, L. J., and E. W. Carpenter. "Kenaf Varietal Evaluation in the High Desert of Southeastern Arizona." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/202478.
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Several Kenaf varieties have been grown at the Safford Agricultural Center over a period of 5 years. Plants harvested green have produced yields in excess of 40 tons per acre. Air dried stems that would be useful for commercial products have yielded as high as 9.5 tons per acre and two varieties, Tainung 2 and Everglades 71, have averaged nearly 7 tons per acre. In addition to yields and other agronomic values of the varieties tested, an economical discussion is made on the feasibility of Kenaf production on southeastern Arizona.
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Johnson, Matthew Brian 1958. "Horticultural characteristics of seven Sonoran Desert woody legumes which show potential for southwestern landscaping." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276905.
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Many plants are not commercially produced due to a lack of accessible information on their horticultural requirements and landscape potential. Members of the Legume Family (Leguminosae) are often conspicuous components of the vegetation of arid and semi-arid subtropical regions. Many of these plants are suitable for landscaping use in areas suited to their cultivation. Coursetia glandulosa, Erythrina flabelliformis, Eysenhardtia orthocarpa, Haematoxylon brasiletto, Lysiloma watsonii, Pithecellobium mexicanum, and Sophora arizonica are woody legumes native to the Sonoran Desert region which offer a variety of form, texture, color and function. All of these plants grow readily from scarified seed. E. flabelliformis and E. orthocarpa are easy to propagate from stem cuttings. Some irrigation is necessary for establishment and reasonable growth in the landscape. Maintenance and pests are minimal. Freezing temperatures are the primary limiting factor to several of the plants. S. arizonica is slow growing and is prone to rot in the nursery.
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Boss, H. E. "Studies of Symbiotic Microflora and Their Role in the Ecology of Desert Plants." University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/554218.
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Petrie, Jeffrey M. "Arabian Desert Primer: Ornamental Potential of Hyper-arid Adapted Plants from Saudi Arabia." University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/555929.
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Pessarakli, Mohammed, K. B. Marcum, and David M. Kopec. "Growth Responses of Desert Saltgrass under Salt Stress." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/216374.
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Saltgrass (Distichlis spicata), clonal accession WA-12, collected from Wilcox, Arizona was studied in a greenhouse to evaluate its growth responses in terms of shoot and root lengths, shoot fresh weight, and shoot and root dry weights under control and salt (sodium chloride) stress conditions. Plants were grown under control (no salt) and three levels of salt stress (100, 200, and 400mM NaCl equivalent to 6250, 12500, and 25,000 g Lᴮ¹ sodium chloride, respectively), using Hoagland solution in a hydroponics system. Plant shoots (clippings) were harvested weekly, oven dried at 60 °C, and dry weights recorded. At each harvest, both shoot and root lengths were measured and recorded. At the last harvest, plant roots were also harvested, oven dried, and dry weights were determined and recorded. The results show that the shoot and root lengths decreased with increasing the salinity levels, however, both shoot fresh and dry weights significantly increased at 200mM NaCl salinity compared with the control or the 400mM NaCl level. Root dry weights at both 200mM and 400mM NaCl salinity levels were significantly higher than the control.
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Waterfall, Patricia. "Harvesting Rainwater for Landscape Use." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/144824.
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52 pp.In the arid Southwest, rainfall is scarce and evapotranspiration rates are high. Only natives and some desert-adapted plants can live on 10 or 11 inches of annual rainfall. Other plants require some supplemental irrigation and harvesting rainwater can reduce the use of drinking water for landscape irrigation. This publication discusses the water requirements for some plants and the way to collect rainwater. Its topics include: - Water Harvesting System Components - Simple Water Harvesting System Design and Construction - Complex Water Harvesting Systems
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Hildreth, Jane N. "Investigation of lower Colorado River Valley desert soil mineral and nutrient content in relation to plant proximity and identity." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1989. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/518.
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Johnson, William Theodore. "Electronic Field Guide to the Plants of Popular Recreation Sites in Arizona's Donoran Desert." University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/555926.
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Field guides occupy the intersection of plants and people. Improving the user's understanding of nature, plant field guides have the potential of increasing the satisfaction of their outdoor experience. A more satisfied field guide user is more likely to take action to preserve places where native plants grow. Unfortunately, print field guides are either too technical or incomplete, resulting in frustration rather than satisfaction. Most offer no systematic method where a user may identify an unknown plant based on observable characteristics, relying instead on randomly browsing through a series of illustrations in the hope that a static photo or drawing will resemble the plant in question. Picture-book taxonomy is unreliable when the geographic area under consideration is large and the vegetation diverse. Arizona, especially its Sonoran Desert is such an environment, where sporadic precipitation fosters the unreliable occurrence of annuals and species with unusual growth forms, which may not be included in field guides to the Southwest, West, or North America. Print field guides, which include all known plants to small, isolated geographic areas such as popular parks is simply not cost effective. Electronic field guides are not constrained by these economic limitations and they offer a superior method of identifying plants. With an eye to the future where dynamic, interactive features become the norm for high tech users packing portable electronic devices over hill and dale, this article introduces a novel field guide to plants using standard spreadsheet software. Based on floras produced by graduate students and others for 12 popular recreation sites near large population centers, this E-guide offers a fast, reliable, non-technical tool for large numbers of outdoor enthusiasts to identify plants in areas they already visit and enjoy.