Journal articles: 'Desert plants'

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Rabbimov, Abdullo, Suxrob Karshiev, Laziza Gafurova, and Gulchexra Nabieva. "Breeding and Seed Farming of Desert Forage Plants in Uzbekistan." BIO Web of Conferences 82 (2024): 02028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20248202028.

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The article provides a description of the best-zoned varieties of desert forage plants intended for the intensification of fodder production in the semi-desert and desert zones of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The features of agricultural technology for creating highly productive pasture agrophytocenoses in desert and semi-desert zones are given. In the breeding of desert fodder plants, traditional methods were widely used, which consider the biological characteristics of the reproduction of each particular species. The created local varieties of desert fodder plants contributed to the creation of highly productive pasture agrophytocenoses in the conditions of deserts and semi-deserts of Uzbekistan with fodder productivity of 19-27.0 q/ha of dry weight.

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Scarrow, Ryan. "Solar plants versus desert plants." Nature Plants 6, no. 8 (July 30, 2020): 908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41477-020-00753-5.

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Sosa, Victoria, Israel Loera, Diego F. Angulo, Marilyn Vásquez-Cruz, and Etelvina Gándara. "Climate change and conservation in a warm North American desert: effect in shrubby plants." PeerJ 7 (March 7, 2019): e6572. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6572.

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Background Deserts are biologically rich habitats with a vast array of animals and plants adapted to xeric conditions, and most deserts are among the planet’s last remaining areas of total wilderness. Among North American deserts, the Chihuahuan Desert has the highest levels of diversity and endemism. To understand the effect of future climate change on plants distributed in this arid land and propose effective conservation planning, we focused on five endemic shrubby species that characterize the Chihuahuan Desert and used an integrative approach. Methods Ecological niche-based modeling, spatial genetics and ecological resistance analyses were carried out to identify the effect of global warming on the studied five shrubby species. Key areas that need to be preserved were identified taking into account the existing protected areas within the Chihuahuan Desert. Results The extent of future distribution will vary among these species, and on average expansion will occur in the western part of the Chihuahuan Desert. For most species low environmental resistance to gene flow was predicted, while higher future resistance was predicted for one species that would lead to increased population isolation. The highest haplotype diversity was identified in three hotspots. Based on future suitability of habitat and in the haplotype diversity we suggest preserving two hotspots of genetic diversity in the Sierra Madre Oriental, located in areas without protection. The third hotspot was detected in the well preserved Tehuacán-Cuicatlán Man and Biosphere Reserve. Conclusion Global climate change will have an effect in arid adapted plants, favoring expansion in the western of the Chihuahuan Desert however negatively affecting others with high ecological resistance disrupting gene flow. Two hotspots of genetic diversity in the Sierra Madre Oriental should be protected.

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Schmid, Rudolf, and Avinoam Danin. "Plants of Desert Dunes." Taxon 45, no. 3 (August 1996): 576. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1224170.

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Bartels, D. "Adaptations of desert organisms: Plants of desert dunes." Plant Science 120, no. 1 (October 1996): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-9452(96)04473-1.

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Ahmed, Modi, Abeer Al Saleh, and Noor Al Dousari. "Ecological study on native plant diversity in Kuwait desert ecosystem." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1087, no. 1 (October 1, 2022): 012029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1087/1/012029.

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Abstract The scarcity and irregularity of rainfall and the prevalence of strong northwesterly winds in Kuwait have a significant influence on the stability of the fragile ecosystem. The Aeolian landforms constitute most of the landscapes in Kuwait. Naturally grown native shrubs and trees can provide potential shelter to the soil surface in desert areas. To identify the characteristics of dominant perennial plant species, sediments of desert and saline (sabkhas) nabkha formed around different types of desert and halophytes plants are studied. Haloxylon salicornicum, Nitraria retusa, Cyperus conglomerates, Panicum turgidum, Rhanterium epapposum, Calligonum polygonoides, Stipagrostis plumosa Lycium shawii, Astragalus spinosus, Convolvolus oxyphyllus, Tamarix aucheriana, Halocnemum strobilaceum, and Citrullus colocynthis are landmarks characterizing the Arabian deserts and coastal salt marshes. The analyses of soil samples around the native plants showed that each native plants has its characteristics. The sediments of desert nabkhas differ from coastal nabkhas (Nitraria sp., Halocnemum sp., and Tamarix sp.). The sediments of coastal nabkha were characterized by lower pH, higher moisture content, total dissolved salts, and conductivity levels than desert nabkhas. Maximum mobile sediments were trapped by N. retusa, T. aucheriana, H. salicornicum, C. colocynthis, and L. shawii because of their ability to develop wider and longer nabkhas than other native plants. The vegetated dunes can trap maximum mobile sediments from 0.5 to 10.5 tons thus cost-saving per plant is estimated to be from 0.3 to 7.3 USD.

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Philippi, Tom. "Plants of Desert Dunes. Adaptations of Desert Organisms.Avinoam Danin." Quarterly Review of Biology 73, no. 1 (March 1998): 77–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/420096.

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Namozov, N., B. Teshaboev, M. Saidova, D. Kodirova, M. Usmanova, and M. Tursinbaev. "Effectiveness of application of mineral fertilizers in growing food plants in desert pasture conditions of Uzbekistan." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1068, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 012033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1068/1/012033.

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Abstract Pastures are the main source of fodder for the desert livestock of the country and can be used all year round. Pasture fodder is the cheapest source of fodder. This research work focused on the effectiveness of the use of mineral fertilizers in the cultivation of forage crops in desert pastures, phenological observations of desert forage plants, the determination of the amount of macronutrients in the vegetative organs of desert forage plants. Based on the results, one of the most effective ways to get high yields from desert forage plants was the use of mineral, local, micro and bacterial fertilizers. Moreover, it was found that preventing the degradation of sandy desert soils and improving fodder production for livestock depended on the planting and care of high-yielding desert forage crops, mainly in desert pastures. In general, the use of agro-technical measures was aimed at preventing the degradation of sandy desert soils and improving natural pastures, ensuring the germination of seeds of various desert forage plants in sandy desert soils, achieving growth and accumulation of high nutrient mass, and using mineral forage plants.

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Gibson, Arthur C. "Photosynthetic Organs of Desert Plants." BioScience 48, no. 11 (November 1998): 911–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1313295.

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Salvia, Elizabeth M., and Barry Rice. "Wetland Plants in the Desert." Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 32, no. 4 (December 1, 2003): 107–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.55360/cpn324.es229.

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Harlev, Eli, Eviatar Nevo, Ephraim P. Lansky, Shifra Lansky, and Anupam Bishayee. "Anticancer attributes of desert plants." Anti-Cancer Drugs 23, no. 3 (March 2012): 255–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/cad.0b013e32834f968c.

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Moore, Peter D. "Palaeoecology: Distributions of desert plants." Nature 317, no. 6039 (October 1985): 672. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/317672a0.

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Osborne, Daphne J. "Seed germination in desert plants." Endeavour 19, no. 1 (January 1995): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0160-9327(95)90014-4.

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Abella, Scott R., Lindsay P. Chiquoine, E. Cayenne Engel, Katherine E. Kleinick, and Fred S. Edwards. "Enhancing Quality of Desert Tortoise Habitat: Augmenting Native Forage and Cover Plants." Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 6, no. 2 (May 1, 2015): 278–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3996/022015-jfwm-013.

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Abstract Vegetation in habitat of the federally listed desert tortoise Gopherus agassizii in the Mojave and western Sonoran Desert is now partly or mostly dominated by nonnative annual plants. To improve forage quality and augment availability of perennial cover plants, we tested seeding (pelletized or bare seeding), watering, and fencing for increasing a native annual forage species (desert plantain Plantago ovata), a perennial forage species (desert globemallow Sphaeralcea ambigua), and two shrub species (cheesebush Hymenoclea salsola and winterfat Krascheninnikovia lanata) that provide cover in desert tortoise habitat of southern Nevada. Treatments were ineffective at establishing the perennial species, even though greenhouse assays confirmed that some bare and pelletized seeds were germinable. In contrast, pelletized seeding quadrupled the density of desert plantain compared with not seeding or seeding untreated seed by the end of the first year (autumn 2013). Fencing tripled density of desert plantain to 17 plants/m2. Pelletized seeding plus fencing produced a desert plantain density of 39 plants/m2, the highest average density among all treatment combinations. The positive effect of fencing persisted until at least the second year after treatment (autumn 2014). Augmenting native annual forage plants favored by desert tortoises is feasible.

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Kerley, GIH, and WG Whitford. "Desert-Dwelling Small Mammals as Granivores - Intercontinental Variations." Australian Journal of Zoology 42, no. 4 (1994): 543. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9940543.

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Deserts are, by definition, environmentally similar, and this has lead to hypotheses of convergence in the properties of desert biotic communities as well as the components of these communities. There is considerable evidence for convergence in some characteristics of desert biota, ranging from plant growth forms to the well-known bipedal, nocturnal rodents. One area that has received considerable attention has been granivory by desert rodents, largely because of the effort focused on the North American desert heteromyids, and also because the process of granivory has far-reaching ramifications for desert plant communities. Specific tests for convergence in the impact of rodents as granivores, by means of bait-removal experiments, however, have shown that the high levels of seed removal by rodents in the North American deserts differs from that of rodents in the South American, Australian and South African deserts, where ants are the most important seed harvesters. The only studies to measure the impact of rodents on desert seed fluxes confirm these patterns, with rodents consuming up to 86% of seed production in North American deserts, but less than 1% of seed production in South African deserts. A review of dietary data for desert rodents confirms these trends, with little evidence for the presence of granivores in deserts besides those of North America. A variety of hypotheses have attempted to explain these variations in desert rodent granivory. These include recent extinctions of granivores, that seed burial, low soil nutrients and/or limiting seed production prevented the radiation of granivorous small mammals, and that particular deserts are too young or too recently colonised by rodents for granivorous rodents to have evolved. However, none of these hypotheses are supported by available evidence. Alternative hypotheses suggesting that climate variability may have precluded the development of specialised granivores need to be tested. In particular, more data are needed to confirm these patterns of granivory, and gain an understanding of the effects of Pleistocene and recent desert climate variability on seed production. An alternative perspective suggests that the presence of the heteromyid rodents may explain the high levels of granivory by small mammals in North American deserts. The variability in granivory by small mammals between deserts suggests that deserts will also differ in terms of anti-granivore adaptations of plants, seed fluxes and the mechanisms whereby small mammals coexist.

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St. Hilaire, Rolston, Dawn M. VanLeeuwen, and Patrick Torres. "Landscape Preferences and Water Conservation Choices of Residents in a High Desert Environment." HortTechnology 20, no. 2 (April 2010): 308–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.20.2.308.

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We surveyed homeowners with residential landscapes in Santa Fe, NM, to determine their attitudes toward high desert plants and to assess their preferences for urban landscapes and water conservation strategies in a high desert urban environment. While there was low acceptance for the traditional turf lawn, 64% of residents agreed that high desert plants provided the variety they needed in their residential landscapes and 92% of residents would use high desert plants to landscape their front yard. Homeowners had a strong preference for retaining their current desert landscapes and converting traditional landscapes to high desert-adapted landscapes. Logistic regression revealed a negative relationship between length of residency in the southwestern United States and the willingness to use high desert plants. When homeowners who irrigated their landscape were asked whether water shortages, environmental concerns, information on water, city regulations, high water bills, or water rate increases would cause them to use less water on their landscapes, the highest level of agreement (94%) was for water shortages. Eighty-eight percent of respondents agreed that they liked any type of landscape that contains interesting features and is well planned. We conclude that homeowners have a preference for desert-adapted landscapes and agree that high desert plants provide an adequate palette of plants for urban landscapes. Additionally, the length of residency in the southwestern U.S. and the possibility of water shortages have the potential to impact water conservation strategies in high desert urban landscapes.

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Farmonov, Erkin, Asil Kamilov, Irina Gorlova, Zayniddin Sharipov, and Dilshod Ro’ziyev. "Improving condition of desert pastures by planting saxaul and cherkez plants." E3S Web of Conferences 401 (2023): 04004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202340104004.

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The article provides information on large degraded areas in almost all areas, of which 17.5 million hectares of dry natural pastures are allocated for cattle breeding out of 32 million hectares of desert and semi-desert areas in Uzbekistan. It is also noted that 40% of desert and semi-desert pastures have degraded pastures to varying degrees, the average productivity has decreased by 20-30%, and 8.0 million degraded pastures should be improved first. To improve the condition of degraded desert and semi-desert pastures, the authors noted that it is possible to increase their productivity by 10-15 times due to the establishment of cultural pastures by replanting nutritious wild plants and comparing their productivity. To improve the productivity and ecological restoration of degraded livestock pastures in our Republic's desert and semi-desert areas, he considered the mechanization of planting saxovul and cherkez plants from nutritious shrubs and developing a planting unit for this purpose. For this purpose, the devices used in planting the seeds of plants with the same physical and mechanical properties as the desert plants from the seeds of nutritious plants growing naturally in the wild in our Republic and foreign countries and their shortcomings have been determined.

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Kirschner, Gwendolyn K., Ting Ting Xiao, and Ikram Blilou. "Rooting in the Desert: A Developmental Overview on Desert Plants." Genes 12, no. 5 (May 10, 2021): 709. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12050709.

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Plants, as sessile organisms, have evolved a remarkable developmental plasticity to cope with their changing environment. When growing in hostile desert conditions, plants have to grow and thrive in heat and drought. This review discusses how desert plants have adapted their root system architecture (RSA) to cope with scarce water availability and poor nutrient availability in the desert soil. First, we describe how some species can survive by developing deep tap roots to access the groundwater while others produce shallow roots to exploit the short rain seasons and unpredictable rainfalls. Then, we discuss how desert plants have evolved unique developmental programs like having determinate meristems in the case of cacti while forming a branched and compact root system that allows efficient water uptake during wet periods. The remote germination mechanism in date palms is another example of developmental adaptation to survive in the dry and hot desert surface. Date palms have also designed non-gravitropic secondary roots, termed pneumatophores, to maximize water and nutrient uptake. Next, we highlight the distinct anatomical features developed by desert species in response to drought like narrow vessels, high tissue suberization, and air spaces within the root cortex tissue. Finally, we discuss the beneficial impact of the microbiome in promoting root growth in desert conditions and how these characteristics can be exploited to engineer resilient crops with a greater ability to deal with salinity induced by irrigation and with the increasing drought caused by global warming.

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LIANG, Ze, KEZIERBIEKE Gulimila, Yun HAN, Tingting LIU, and Wei SUN. "A dataset of desert plant catalogue in Xinjiang." China Scientific Data 9, no. 2 (June 30, 2024): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.11922/11-6035.nasdc.2022.0016.zh.

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The dataset of desert flora catalogue in Xinjiang was constructed by consulting monographs such as Chinese Flora, Xinjiang Flora, Chinese Desert Flora, Xinjiang Flora, Xinjiang Tree Chronicles, as well as related documents and major online open databases, aiming to enhance the accuracy and completeness of the data and information included in the catalogue. This dataset comprises 31 families, 150 genera and 360 species of desert plants in Xinjiang, including 355 species of angiosperms and 5 species of gymnosperms. Among them, there are 80 species of plants with medicinal value, 61 species of plants with forage value, and 26 species with economic value, accounting for 22.2%, 16.9% and 7.2% of all plants in the dataset, respectively. This dataset contains the Chinese names, Latin names, aliases and other information of desert plants, which can provide scientific reference and basic data for scientific research on various aspects, such as the growth environment and plant value of desert plants. Moreover, it is of great significance for the conservation and development of desert plant diversity in Xinjiang.

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McClelland, Donald. "Desert Plants: A Curator's Introduction to the Huntington Desert Garden." Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 162, no. 4 (April 19, 2010): 628. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2010.01029.x.

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Khan, Anwar A. "Seed Germination in Desert Plants. Adaptations of Desert Organisms.Yitzchak Gutterman." Quarterly Review of Biology 71, no. 2 (June 1996): 280. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/419401.

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Wang, Huimin, Zhoukang Li, and Jianjun Yang. "Effects of Leaf Hydrophilicity and Stomatal Regulation on Foliar Water Uptake Capacity of Desert Plants." Forests 14, no. 3 (March 10, 2023): 551. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14030551.

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Foliar water uptake (FWU) is one of the primary water sources for desert plants. Desert plants’ water uptake capacity is essential in maintaining the balance of carbon and water. However, there are few studies on FWU capacity in desert plants and the physiological and ecological characteristics that lead to differences in FWU capacity. In order to clarify FWU strategies and the influencing factors of plants in desert ecosystems, this study measured the contact angle, FWU parameters, and hydraulic parameters to explore six desert plants’ FWU capacity and the effects of leaf wettability and hydraulic parameters on FWU capacity. The results showed that all six plants had FWU capacity, among which the leaves of Nitraria sibirica Pall. and Halimodendron halodendron (Pall.) Voss had a high foliar water uptake rate (k) and high foliar water uptake accumulation (FWU storage), and the leaves of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. had a high k and low FWU storage. The leaves of Populus euphratica Oliv., Apocynum hendersonii Hook. f., and Alhagi sparsifolia Shap. had a low k and low FWU storage. Additionally, FWU capacity was mainly affected by stomatal regulation compared with leaf wettability and leaf structure. The results of this study will help to improve the understanding of the physiological and ecological adaptability of desert plants.

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Spinti, Jane E., Rolston St. Hilaire, and Dawn VanLeeuwen. "Balancing Landscape Preferences and Water Conservation in a Desert Community." HortTechnology 14, no. 1 (January 2004): 72–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.14.1.0072.

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We surveyed homeowners with residential landscapes in Las Cruces, N.M., to determine design features participants valued in their landscapes, their attitudes toward the landscape use of desert plants and opinions on factors that would encourage respondents to reduce landscape water use. We also determined whether the willingness to use desert plants in their landscapes related to the length of residency in the southwestern United States. At least 98% of respondents landscaped to enhance the appearance of their home and increase their property value. About half (50.6%) of the participants strongly agreed or agreed that the main reason to landscape was to display their landscape preferences. Many participants indicated they would use desert plants to landscape their front yard (80.3%) and back yard (56.3%), but relatively lower percentages of participants actually had desert landscapes in their front yard and back yard. Regardless of their property value, respondents were more likely to use desert plants in their backyard the shorter their stay in the desert. Data revealed that participants rank water shortages as the factor that would most likely cause them to reduce the amount of water they applied to their landscapes. We conclude that homeowners report willingness to use desert plants but desert-type landscapes are not a widespread feature of managed residential landscapes. Furthermore, water shortages and the length of time respondents spent in a desert environment would most likely influence water use in their landscapes.

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Gorelick, Root. "Food Plants of the Sonoran Desert." Cactus and Succulent Journal 77, no. 3 (May 2005): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.2985/0007-9367(2005)77[129:fpotsd]2.0.co;2.

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Schmid, Rudolf, Raymond M. Turner, Janice E. Bowers, and Tony L. Burgess. "Sonoran Desert Plants: An Ecological Atlas." Taxon 45, no. 1 (February 1996): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1222620.

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Tobe, K., Liping Zhang, and K. Omasa. "Seed Germination of Chinese Desert Plants." Journal of Agricultural Meteorology 52, no. 5 (1997): 689–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2480/agrmet.52.689.

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Felger, Richard I. "Sonoran desert plants. An ecological atlas." Economic Botany 50, no. 3 (July 1996): 336. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02907343.

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Chen, Yaning, Yapeng Chen, Honghua Zhou, Xingming Hao, Chenggang Zhu, Aihong Fu, Yuhai Yang, and Weihong Li. "Research Advances in Plant Physiology and Ecology of Desert Riparian Forests under Drought Stress." Forests 13, no. 4 (April 15, 2022): 619. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13040619.

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Under drought stress, desert riparian forest plants are highly self-regulating and have their own unique water use and regulation strategies, which can respond positively in several aspects such as physiology, ecology, and individual phenotypes when coping and adapting to the stresses brought by external environmental changes. In addition, as an important component of arid zone ecosystems, desert riparian forest plants maintain the cycling process of energy and material in desert areas. Therefore, it is of great ecological value to study the role played by desert riparian forest plants in desertification control and biodiversity conservation in arid zones. The purpose of this study is to provide basic data and scientific basis for the conservation, and restoration of desert riparian forests in the inland river basin of arid zone. In this paper, the physiological and ecological responses of desert riparian plants under drought stress were analyzed by reviewing the literature and focusing on the key scientific issues such as drought avoidance mechanisms, water use, and water redistribution, and the relationship between interspecific water competition and resource sharing of desert riparian plants. The results showed that: (1) In the inland river basin of arid zone, desert riparian plants show a mutual coordination of increasing soluble sugars, proline, malondialdehyde (MDA), and decreasing peroxidase (POD), to form a unique drought avoidance mechanism, and improve their drought tolerance by changing leaf stomatal conductance resulted from regulating abscisic acid (ABA) and cytokinin (CTK) content. (2) Desert riparian forest plants have their own unique water use and regulation strategies. When the degree of drought stress increased, Populus euphratica enhanced the water flow of dominant branches by actively sacrificing the inferior branches to ensure and improve the overall survival chances of the plant, while Tamarix ramosissima weaken hydraulic conductance, and increase subsurface material inputs by reducing plant height to cope with drought stress. (3) The root systems of desert riparian plants have hydraulic uplift and water redistribution functions, and, in the hydraulic uplift process of P. euphratica and T. ramosissima root systems, there is a possibility of assisting with other species in water utilization and the existence of a resource sharing mechanism.

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Zhang, Qiuwei, and James F. White. "Bioprospecting Desert Plants for Endophytic and Biostimulant Microbes: A Strategy for Enhancing Agricultural Production in a Hotter, Drier Future." Biology 10, no. 10 (September 26, 2021): 961. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology10100961.

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Deserts are challenging places for plants to survive in due to low nutrient availability, drought and heat stress, water stress, and herbivory. Endophytes—microbes that colonize and infect plant tissues without causing apparent disease—may contribute to plant success in such harsh environments. Current knowledge of desert plant endophytes is limited, but studies performed so far reveal that they can improve host nutrient acquisition, increase host tolerance to abiotic stresses, and increase host resistance to biotic stresses. When considered in combination with their broad host range and high colonization rate, there is great potential for desert endophytes to be used in a commercial agricultural setting, especially as croplands face more frequent and severe droughts due to climate change and as the agricultural industry faces mounting pressure to break away from agrochemicals towards more environmentally friendly alternatives. Much is still unknown about desert endophytes, but future studies may prove fruitful for the discovery of new endophyte-based biofertilizers, biocontrol agents, and abiotic stress relievers of crops.

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Liu, Yun-Hua, Jun-Hui Cheng, Bernhard Schmid, Li-Song Tang, and Jian-Dong Sheng. "Woody plant encroachment may decrease plant carbon storage in grasslands under future drier conditions." Journal of Plant Ecology 13, no. 2 (January 23, 2020): 213–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jpe/rtaa003.

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Abstract Aims Woody plants are widely distributed in various grassland types along the altitudinal/climatic gradients in Xinjiang, China. Considering previously reported change in carbon (C) storage following woody plant encroachment in grasslands and the mediating effect of climate on this change, we predicted that a positive effect of woody plants on plant C storage in semiarid grasslands may revert to a negative effect in arid grasslands. We first investigated the spatial variation of aboveground C (AGC) and belowground C (BGC) storage among grassland types and then tested our prediction. Methods We measured the living AGC storage, litter C (LC) and BGC storage of plants in two physiognomic types, wooded grasslands (aboveground biomass of woody plants at least 50%) and pure grasslands without woody plants in six grassland types representing a gradient form semiarid to arid conditions across Xinjiang. Important Findings Living AGC, LC, BGC and total plant C storage increased from desert to mountain meadows. These increases could also be explained by increasing mean annual precipitation (MAP) or decreasing mean annual temperature (MAT), suggesting that grassland types indeed represented an aridity gradient. Woody plants had an effect on the plant C storage both in size and in distribution relative to pure grasslands. The direction and strength of the effect of woody plants varied with grassland types due to the mediating effect of the climate, with wetter conditions promoting a positive effect of woody plants. Woody plants increased vegetation-level AGC through their high AGC relative to herbaceous plants. However, more negative effects of woody plants on herbaceous plants with increasing aridity led to a weaker increase in the living AGC in arid desert, steppe desert and desert steppe than in the less arid other grassland types. Under greater aridity (lower MAP and higher MAT), woody plants allocated less biomass to roots and had lower BGC and had a more negative impact on herbaceous plant production, thereby reducing vegetation-level BGC in the desert, steppe desert and desert steppe. In sum, this resulted in a negative effect of woody plants on total plant C storage in the most arid grasslands in Xinjiang. As a consequence, we predict that woody plant encroachment may decrease rather than increase C storage in grasslands under future drier conditions.

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Vo, Thi Thu Em, Seung-Mo Je, Se-Hoon Jung, Jaehyeon Choi, Jun-Ho Huh, and Han-Jong Ko. "Review of Photovoltaic Power and Aquaculture in Desert." Energies 15, no. 9 (April 30, 2022): 3288. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15093288.

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PV (photovoltaic) capacity is steadily increasing every year, and the rate of increase is also increasing. A desert area with a large equipment installation area and abundant solar radiation is a good candidate. PV power plants installed in the desert have advantages in themselves, but when combined with desert aquacultures, additional benefits can be obtained while compensating for the shortcomings of the aquaculture industry. The importance of the aquaculture industry is increasing, with aquaculture products approaching half of the total supply of marine products due to sea environmental pollution and reduced resources. Moreover, in deserts, where marine products are difficult to obtain, aquaculture is a good way to save marine products. However, one of the many problems that complicate the introduction of aquaculture in the desert is that it is difficult to supply and demand electricity because the site is not near a viable electric grid. However, combination with PV can solve this problem. This paper investigates the solar power and aquaculture industry in the desert and explains the limitations and challenges of the solar power and aquaculture industry in the desert. Based on this, we hope to increase interest in the solar power and aquaculture industry in the desert and help with future research.

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Madouh, Tareq A., and Ali M. Quoreshi. "The Function of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Associated with Drought Stress Resistance in Native Plants of Arid Desert Ecosystems: A Review." Diversity 15, no. 3 (March 8, 2023): 391. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d15030391.

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Drought stress profoundly affects native desert plants’ survival and performance. Among all the abiotic stresses, drought is considered a major constraint that influences the structure and functions of desert ecosystems. Arid desert ecosystems are characterized by prolonged drought, extreme temperatures, high solar radiation, water scarcity, high salinity, scarcity of soil nutrients, and poor soil structure. Such extreme desert environments are the toughest regions on earth, which present enormous challenges in conserving plant survival, growth and reproduction. Despite the predominance of these environmental conditions, native desert plant species that grow in desert environments develop complex adaptation strategies and resistance mechanisms to ameliorate the abiotic and biotic stresses in the extreme environments including changes in biochemical, physiological, and morphological levels. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) form positive symbiotic associations with a considerable percentage of terrestrial plants as their host, induce distinct impacts on plant growth and protect plants from abiotic stresses. However, it is necessary to advance our understanding of the complex mechanisms associated with AMF-mediated and other dark septate endophytes (DSE)-mediated amelioration of native desert plants’ drought stress resistance and associated biological adjustments such as changes in hormone balance, water and nutrient status, stomatal conductance and osmotic adjustment, antioxidant activity, and photosynthetic activity. This review provides an overview of the relationships of mycorrhiza and fungal endophytes involved in drought stress tolerance, summarizing the current knowledge and presenting possible mechanisms mediated by AMF to stimulate drought tolerance associated with native desert plants. We discuss the research required to fill the gaps and provide suggestions for future research.

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Nazarov, Kholmurzo, Rasuljon Mamajonov, Kamoliddin Davronov, Ziyodullo Ganiyev, and Shakhnoza Valiyeva. "Creation of pasture agrophytocenoses based on drought-resistant forage plants." E3S Web of Conferences 541 (2024): 03004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202454103004.

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The low yield of karakul-growing pastures and its sharp fluctuations in the arid regions of Uzbekistan are mainly due to natural and historical factors of this natural zone. The current state of desert and semidesert pastures is characterized, on the one hand, by a progressive deterioration in the productivity and quality of pasture feed, and on the other hand, by the concentration of sheep in the exploited pasture areas. The further development of karakul farming is the intensification of pasture farming based on the development and implementation of effective methods to increase the productivity of desert and semi–desert pastures in Uzbekistan. The difficulty of solving this problem lies in the fact that desert pastures have not previously been subjected to agricultural development without irrigation. In addition, the plant objects that are being worked with are representatives of wild flora. They are poorly studied in ecological and biological terms and especially in the forage properties of desert forage plants.

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Namozov, N., M. Saidova, M. Urmanova, D. Burxanova, X. Rasulov, and M. Tursinbayev. "Effective methods of preventing degradation of desert pasture soils of Uzbekistan." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1068, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 012035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1068/1/012035.

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Abstract Natural desert pastures are the main source of fodder for the livestock of the republic, which allows them to use desert pastures all year round. In this research, effective agro-technical measures used to cultivate promising varieties of desert forage plants suitable for soil-climatic conditions was studied in order to improve the condition and increase the productivity of degraded desert pastures. Predictive methods were employed to development of agro-technical measures aimed at restoring, maintaining, increasing and protecting the fertility of sandy desert soils in improving the condition of desert pastures, and to implement a number of complex measures, such as overcoming the process of soil degradation. According to the results, The results showed that seeds of shrubs and semi-shrubs are sown at a depth of 1.5-2.0 cm, the norm of sowing the seeds of the same crop, salsola orientalis and haloxylon 6-8 kg/ha, male grass 5-6 kg/ha and other desert plants planted in accordance with regulatory documents. Once the seedlings began to germinate, field germination of seeds, number of seedlings and retention dynamics, development of adult plants, and formation of the root system were determined.

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Menzel, Randolf, Andreas Gumbert, Jan Kunze, Avi Shmida, and Misha Vorobyev. "POLLINATORS' STRATEGIES IN FINDING FLOWERS." Israel Journal of Plant Sciences 45, no. 2-3 (May 13, 1997): 141–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07929978.1997.10676680.

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Two phases of foraging flights of hymenopteran pollinators are discussed: localization of food sources over far distances (hundreds of meters to several kilometers); and spotting of flowers within their visual catchment area. In the first part, evidence from navigational tasks with honeybees is presented which favors the interpretation that bees possess a rich and unique spatial memory of qualified and localized objects. Depending on the motivation, the bee is rather free to navigate with reference to this memory. In particular, bees are guided towards feeding places with specific expectations of their signal and reward properties. In the second part, the processes guiding the bee during its final approach to the flower are analyzed. When arriving in the close vicinity of a rewarding flower, bees first detect and recognize the achromatic green signal and then the chromatic color signal. The dependence on the optical signals of the flowers and the habitat features is studied in a comparison between plants growing in the Israeli Mediterranean and desert habitats. We find that the green contrasts of flowers in desert plants are less prominent than in Mediterranean plants because the green signal of the desert background is more similar to that of flowers, not because the green signals of desert and Mediterranean plants are different. These results are interpreted on the assumption that the green signal of flowers used in further distance detection is an adaptive property of plant species only in the context of all features supporting navigation of insects. The low density growth of desert plants may allow for the possibility that the plants are located by insect pollinators as specified places relative to landmarks. Therefore, further distance visual signals emanating from the flower may be less important in a desert habitat, and reduced green contrast does not become an unfavorable property in desert plants. We conclude that both habitat features and flower signals contribute to the navigational system of insect pollinators, and that the evolutionary development of flower signals needs to be evaluated in the context of the plant species' habitat.

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Norboboeva, Tashbibi, Shokhsanam Yakubjonova, Halima Haydarova, and Lobarkhan Karakhanova. "Regional distribution and ecological-phytocenotic description of dominant plants of Southern Uzbekistan." E3S Web of Conferences 421 (2023): 04010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202342104010.

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This article analyzes the results of the research conducted by scientists in the study of plants of the region. Taking into account the laws of the distribution of plants in the regions, the dominant plants of the desert, hill, mountain and pasture regions of South Uzbekistan are given an ecological and phytocenotic description. In particular, the results of the expedition conducted to study the plants distributed in each region, and the results of experimental research are highlighted. According to it, information on the Latin name of plants, ecological status, distribution according to soil types, dominance characteristics, communities is provided. The formation of vegetation cover specific to the climate of each region was analyzed. In particular, dryness (lack of moisture) and high temperature for the desert determine unfavorable climatic conditions for plant life. Here, the shortness of the growing season of plants, mainly due to the lack of precipitation, early drying of the soil, often determines the summer and winter dormancy of two dormant periods in the seasonal development of plants. Despite the fact that desert conditions are unfavorable for plants, it is possible to observe their diversity during the seasonal vegetation period. Adir is located between a barren desert and a mesothermal mountain, and according to the living conditions of the plants, the stage part is arid, and the upper part is close to the mountain.

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Nazarov, Kholmirza Tirkashovich, Shakhnoza Shavkatovna Khudoyarova, and Maftuna Najmiddin Qizi Normamatova. "The Role Of Pasture Agrophytocenoses In The Optimization Of The Ecological Situation." American Journal of Social Science and Education Innovations 03, no. 05 (May 31, 2021): 508–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajssei/volume03issue05-89.

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In the desert regions of our country there are large farms specializing in astrakhan fur farming. It is known that karakul is one of the most important branches of animal husbandry in the republic. In Karakul agriculture, the natural cover of deserts and hills serves as the main source of food. Of the 23.1 million hectares of pastures and hayfields in Uzbekistan, 17.5 million hectares are used as desert pastures. Of these, 37.1% are still in crisis, with 1 million. Harmful and poisonous plants on an area of more than 0.5 million hectares. Under the influence of these weeds, which are not eaten by weeds, the productivity of pastures is sharply reduced.

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Abdullah, Meshal M., Zahraa M. Al-Ali, Mansour T. Abdullah, and Bader Al-Anzi. "The Use of Very-High-Resolution Aerial Imagery to Estimate the Structure and Distribution of the Rhanterium epapposum Community for Long-Term Monitoring in Desert Ecosystems." Plants 10, no. 5 (May 13, 2021): 977. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10050977.

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The rapid assessment and monitoring of native desert plants are essential in restoration and revegetation projects to track the changes in vegetation patterns in terms of vegetation coverage and structure. This work investigated advanced vegetation monitoring methods utilizing UAVs and remote sensing techniques at the Al Abdali protected site in Kuwait. The study examined the effectiveness of using UAV techniques to assess the structure of desert plants. We specifically examined the use of very-high-resolution aerial imagery to estimate the vegetation structure of Rhanterium epapposum (perennial desert shrub), assess the vegetation cover density changes in desert plants after rainfall events, and investigate the relationship between the distribution of perennial shrub structure and vegetation cover density of annual plants. The images were classified using supervised classification techniques (the SVM method) to assess the changes in desert plants after extreme rainfall events. A digital terrain model (DTM) and a digital surface model (DSM) were also generated to estimate the maximum shrub heights. The classified imagery results show that a significant increase in vegetation coverage occurred in the annual plants after rainfall events. The results also show a reasonable correlation between the shrub heights estimated using UAVs and the ground-truth measurements (R2 = 0.66, p < 0.01). The shrub heights were higher in the high-cover-density plots, with coverage >30% and an average height of 77 cm. However, in the medium-cover-density (MD) plots, the coverage was <30%, and the average height was 52 cm. Our study suggests that utilizing UAVs can provide several advantages to critically support future ecological studies and revegetation and restoration programs in desert ecosystems.

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Salguero-Gómez, Roberto, Wolfgang Siewert, Brenda B. Casper, and Katja Tielbörger. "A demographic approach to study effects of climate change in desert plants." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 367, no. 1606 (November 19, 2012): 3100–3114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2012.0074.

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Desert species respond strongly to infrequent, intense pulses of precipitation. Consequently, indigenous flora has developed a rich repertoire of life-history strategies to deal with fluctuations in resource availability. Examinations of how future climate change will affect the biota often forecast negative impacts, but these—usually correlative—approaches overlook precipitation variation because they are based on averages . Here, we provide an overview of how variable precipitation affects perennial and annual desert plants, and then implement an innovative, mechanistic approach to examine the effects of precipitation on populations of two desert plant species. This approach couples robust climatic projections, including variable precipitation, with stochastic, stage-structured models constructed from long-term demographic datasets of the short-lived Cryptantha flava in the Colorado Plateau Desert (USA) and the annual Carrichtera annua in the Negev Desert (Israel). Our results highlight these populations' potential to buffer future stochastic precipitation. Population growth rates in both species increased under future conditions: wetter, longer growing seasons for Cryptantha and drier years for Carrichtera . We determined that such changes are primarily due to survival and size changes for Cryptantha and the role of seed bank for Carrichtera . Our work suggests that desert plants, and thus the resources they provide, might be more resilient to climate change than previously thought.

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Yang, Yan, Zhengli Zhou, Liuji Shen, Yachong Zhao, Yuansheng Tang, and Jiahe Tian. "Effects of Stand Structure of Artificial Shelter Forest on Understory Herb Diversity in Desert-Oasis Ecotone." Diversity 15, no. 10 (October 13, 2023): 1083. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d15101083.

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The relationship between the spatial structure of shelter forests and the diversity of understory herbaceous plants in desert–oasis ecotones is important for maintaining biodiversity indices and protecting the oasis ecosystem. In this paper, we explore the coupling relationship between tree layer structure (competition index, angle scale, neighborhood comparison, DBH, etc.) and understory herb diversity in the transition zone of shelter forest plots near oases and near deserts; in addition, we also aim to elucidate the dominant stand structure factors affecting herb biodiversity. The results indicated the following: A total of 13 herbaceous plant species were discovered in the transitional zone, with 11 species found near the oasis area and 4 species near the desert region. The Shannon, Simpson, and Pielou indices of understory herbaceous plants were significantly higher near the oasis area compared to the desert region. The Margalef index mean was higher in the oasis area compared to the desert region. Pearson and canonical correlation analyses revealed significant associations between specific stand structure indicators and diversity in the herbaceous layer. The results of the multiple linear regression analysis revealed that the competition index had a significant impact on the Shannon, Simpson, and Pielou diversity indices of the herbaceous layer in the understory of the shelterbelt forest near the oasis, with corresponding impact coefficients of 0.911, 0.936, and 0.831, respectively. The mingling degree was found to be the primary influencing factor for the Margalef index, with an impact coefficient of 0.825. However, in the understory of the shelterbelt forest near the desert, the neighborhood comparison ratio negatively affected the Shannon and Margalef indices, with impact coefficients of −0.634 and −0.736, respectively. Additionally, tree height negatively impacted the Simpson and Pielou indices, with impact coefficients of −0.645 and −0.677, respectively. In order to enhance the diversity of understory herbaceous species in the transitional zone and preserve the ecological system of the oasis, specific modifications to the forest structure and arrangement are essential. Pruning and thinning are necessary for shelterbelt forests located near desert regions, while shelterbelt forests near oases should use a suitable mix of tree species. These measures can help preserve or enhance the diversity of understory herbaceous plants.

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Brooks, Matthew L. "Effects of high fire frequency in creosote bush scrub vegetation of the Mojave Desert." International Journal of Wildland Fire 21, no. 1 (2012): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf10140.

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Plant invasions can increase fire frequency in desert ecosystems where fires were historically infrequent. Although there are many resource management concerns associated with high frequency fire in deserts, fundamental effects on plant community characteristics remain largely unstudied. Here I describe the effects of fire frequency on creosote bush scrub vegetation in the Mojave Desert, USA. Biomass of the invasive annual grass Bromus rubens L. increased following fire, but did not increase further with additional fires. In contrast, density, cover and species richness of native perennial plants each decreased following fire and continued to decrease with subsequent fires, although not as dramatically as after the initial fire. Responses were similar 5 and 14 years post-fire, except that cover of Hymenoclea salsola Torr. & A. Gray and Achnatherum speciosa Trin. & Rupr. both increased in areas burnt once. These results suggest that control of B. rubens may be equally warranted after one, two or three fires, but revegetation of native perennial plants is most warranted following multiple fires. These results are valid within the scope of this study, which is defined as relatively short term vegetation responses (≤14 years) to short fire return intervals (6.3 and 7.3 years for the two and three fire frequency levels) within creosote bush scrub of the Mojave Desert.

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Abella, Scott R., and Kristin H. Berry. "Enhancing and Restoring Habitat for the Desert Tortoise." Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 7, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 255–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3996/052015-jfwm-046.

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AbstractHabitat has changed unfavorably during the past 150 y for the desert tortoise Gopherus agassizii, a federally threatened species with declining populations in the Mojave Desert and western Sonoran Desert. To support recovery efforts, we synthesized published information on relationships of desert tortoises with three habitat features (cover sites, forage, and soil) and candidate management practices for improving these features for tortoises. In addition to their role in soil health and facilitating recruitment of annual forage plants, shrubs are used by desert tortoises for cover and as sites for burrows. Outplanting greenhouse-grown seedlings, protected from herbivory, has successfully restored (>50% survival) a variety of shrubs on disturbed desert soils. Additionally, salvaging and reapplying topsoil using effective techniques is among the more ecologically beneficial ways to initiate plant recovery after severe disturbance. Through differences in biochemical composition and digestibility, some plant species provide better-quality forage than others. Desert tortoises selectively forage on particular annual and herbaceous perennial species (e.g., legumes), and forage selection shifts during the year as different plants grow or mature. Nonnative grasses provide low-quality forage and contribute fuel to spreading wildfires, which damage or kill shrubs that tortoises use for cover. Maintaining a diverse “menu” of native annual forbs and decreasing nonnative grasses are priorities for restoring most desert tortoise habitats. Reducing herbivory by nonnative animals, carefully timing herbicide applications, and strategically augmenting annual forage plants via seeding show promise for improving tortoise forage quality. Roads, another disturbance, negatively affect habitat in numerous ways (e.g., compacting soil, altering hydrology). Techniques such as recontouring road berms to reestablish drainage patterns, vertical mulching (“planting” dead plant material), and creating barriers to prevent trespasses can assist natural recovery on decommissioned backcountry roads. Most habitat enhancement efforts to date have focused on only one factor at a time (e.g., providing fencing) and have not included proactive restoration activities (e.g., planting native species on disturbed soils). A research and management priority in recovering desert tortoise habitats is implementing an integrated set of restorative habitat enhancements (e.g., reducing nonnative plants, improving forage quality, augmenting native perennial plants, and ameliorating altered hydrology) and monitoring short- and long-term indicators of habitat condition and the responses of desert tortoises to habitat restoration.

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Mamut, Jannathan, Cai-Yun Zhang, Dun-Yan Tan, Carol C. Baskin, and Jerry M. Baskin. "Versatility in the timing of seed germination of the cold desert herbaceous perennial Leontice incerta (Berberidaceae)." Seed Science Research 30, no. 1 (March 2020): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960258520000100.

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AbstractOnly a few studies have been performed on seed germination of perennial ephemeral species native to the cold deserts of central Asia. We hypothesized that seeds of the cold desert perennial ephemeral Leontice incerta exhibit versatility in the timing of germination, that is, having the capacity to germinate at any time in summer, autumn and next spring. At dispersal in late May, only about 30% of the seeds could germinate; thus, a high percentage of the seeds was dormant. Seeds had a fully developed embryo, and dry storage, cold stratification, warm stratification and gibberellin promoted germination; we concluded that they have non-deep physiological dormancy. Seeds buried under natural conditions during summer germinated to 57–86% in autumn (late October) when exhumed and incubated at 5/2–25/15°C. However, seeds were sown in soil exposed to natural temperature and (low) precipitation did not germinate until next spring when the soil was moist. Thus, like various cold desert annuals, seeds of the perennial L. incerta can germinate in summer, autumn and next spring, depending on the availability of soil moisture (rainfall). Rainfall in cold deserts can play an important role in shaping seed germination traits of desert plants.

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Tipton, Jimmy. "Relative Drought Resistance Among Selected Southwestern Landscape Plants." Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 20, no. 3 (May 1, 1994): 150–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.1994.028.

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A method of determining drought resistance appears to have promise in identifying superior plants for minimal irrigation landscapes. Under conditions of this test, desert willow had greater resistance to drought than either fruitless mulberry or yellow bells. This can be attributed to a greater tolerance rather than a greater avoidance. Drought tolerance of both desert willow and yellow bells was over 1.5 times that of fruitless mulberry. Fruitless mulberry had as great or greater drought avoidance than the xeric species under dry conditions. Based on these results, desert willow and yellow bells are tolerant water spenders that can convert to water savers. Fruitless mulberry is a relatively intolerant water spender that may not convert to a water saver. If this is confirmed in further studies, then the success of mulberry in the arid Southwest may be attributed to an ability to increase water uptake in times of drought.

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Sadgrove, N. J., D. Lyddiard, T. L. Collins, B. W. Greatrex, and G. L. Jones. "Genifuranal and other derivatives: smoking desert plants." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1125 (October 2016): 181–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2016.1125.22.

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Crawford, R. M. M., and A. C. Gibson. "Structure-Function Relations of Warm Desert Plants." Journal of Ecology 85, no. 5 (October 1997): 735. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2960545.

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Strickland, Jennifer, and Susan Madzia. "The antimicrobial properties of Arab desert plants." Qatar Foundation Annual Research Forum Proceedings, no. 2012 (October 2012): EEP67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5339/qfarf.2012.eep67.

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Shomurodov, H. F., and F. O. Khasanov. "Fodder plants of the Kyzyl Kum Desert." Arid Ecosystems 4, no. 3 (July 2014): 208–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s2079096114030093.

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Wright, S. J., and H. F. Howe. "Pattern and mortality in Colorado Desert plants." Oecologia 73, no. 4 (October 1987): 543–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00379414.

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Yosef Friedjung, Avital, Sikander Pal Choudhary, Nativ Dudai, and Shimon Rachmilevitch. "Physiological Conjunction of Allelochemicals and Desert Plants." PLoS ONE 8, no. 12 (December 10, 2013): e81580. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0081580.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Desert plants'

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