Academic literature on the topic 'Desert resources development'
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Journal articles on the topic "Desert resources development"
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Lupien, John. "Acacia gum and sustainable development in Africa." African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development 7, no. 5 (September 19, 2007): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.16.cy005.
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Africa has vast agricultural and other natural resources. Many of these resources have been exploited so that the resource is destroyed, rather than maintained in a sustainable way. With regard to agriculture and arable land, a particular problem is that of desertification, caused by spreading of desert areas into lands that have been damaged by over-grazing of animals,over-usage of water resources resulting in drought conditions, destruction of forest and tree coverage for cooking fuel, cropping of plants that cause soil erosion and depletion of soil minerals, and other undesirable abuses of land. Many thousands of hectares of previously arable land are lost to spreading deserts in all parts of Africa. The Sahel area, immediately south of the Sahara desert is the most affected area.
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Fan, Xiao Lu, Ming Zhong Tian, and Si Wen Liu. "Aeolian Geomorphology Resources and Projects Development Suggestion in the Badain Jaran Desert." Advanced Materials Research 838-841 (November 2013): 1324–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.838-841.1324.
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Badain Jaran Desert is the third largest desert of China. The research on aeolian geomorphology resources will be beneficial to the sustainable development of tourist industry and environment in the Badain Jaran Desert. This paper uses these basic geographical data, such as ETM+, 1:50,000 topographic map, GDEM, Google Earth data and so on. Then we integrate geological surveys in the field and summarize the characteristics of aeolian geomorphology resources. By combining with tourism projects of aeolian geomorphology resources set in other scenic area, the tourism development projects of aeolian geomorphology resources and desert environment in the study are put forward with the purpose of offering practical advice for tourism development of aeolian geomorphology resources and the control and utilization of desert environment in the Badain Jaran Desert.
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Yanjun, Ji, Liu Chuang, and Ding Zhichao. "Research and Analysis on Present Situation of Desert Sand Concrete." E3S Web of Conferences 271 (2021): 02004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127102004.
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Due to the rapid development of civil engineering industry, natural medium and coarse sand resources are increasingly scarce. If desert sand is studied and applied in the field of civil engineering, the shortage of sand resources and high unit price can be greatly solved.Therefore, it is very important to study desert sand instead of ordinary sand. Although the application of desert sand in engineering has made rapid development, many engineers and researchers have done a lot of experiments and in-depth research on the physical and chemical properties, mechanical properties and compaction characteristics of desert sand, and also made a lot of experimental research results. However, at present, because of the different engineering properties, different deserts are used and the test methods are different. Generally speaking, the understanding of this special material with engineering properties is not mature at home and abroad, and it is not widely used in civil engineering.
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Wu, Jiawei, Jinyu Xiao, Jinming Hou, and Xunyan Lyu. "Development Potential Assessment for Wind and Photovoltaic Power Energy Resources in the Main Desert–Gobi–Wilderness Areas of China." Energies 16, no. 12 (June 7, 2023): 4559. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16124559.
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The large-scale centralized development of wind and PV power resources is the key to China’s dual carbon targets and clean energy transition. The vast desert–Gobi–wilderness areas in northern and western China will be the best choice for renewable energy development under multiple considerations of resources endowment, land use constraints, technical conditions, and economic level. It is urgent to carry out a quantitative wind and PV resource assessment study in desert–Gobi–wilderness areas. This paper proposed a multi-dimensional assessment method considering the influence of the power grid and transportation infrastructure distributions, which includes three research levels, namely, the technical installed capacity, the development potential, and the development cost. Nine main desert–Gobi–wilderness areas were assessed. The wind and PV technical installed capacities were 0.6 TW and 10.7 TW, and the total development potentials were over 0.12 TW and 1.2 TW, with the full load hours of 2513 and 1759 and the average development costs of 0.28 CNY/kWh and 0.20 CNY/kWh. Finally, this paper proposed the meteorological–electrical division distribution. A case study in the Kubuqi and Qaidam Deserts was carried out on wind–wind and wind–PV collaborative development across different meteorological–electrical divisions, which can reduce by 58% the long-term energy storage capacity and decrease the total system LCOE from 0.488 CNY/kWh to 0.445 CNY/kWh.
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Yang, Liang. "The Tourism Development Study of Desert, Wetland and Oasis Composite Resources — Taking an Example of Na Lin Tao Hai Farm." Advanced Materials Research 1010-1012 (August 2014): 1871–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1010-1012.1871.
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Wetland is the precious wealth of human beings .The positive value of the desert began to gain social acceptance, and gradually become a new experience and spa tourism resources. Society needs an effective and systematic tourism development model .Through the field investigation and grade evaluation method, the Na Lin Tao Hai farm local in Inner Mongolia has a unique desert, wetland and oasis composite resources that belongs to the secondary tourism resources .The tourism development of Na Lin Tao Hai farm need to get rid of the traditional wetland and desert development mode, make full use of the special value of the composite resources. Planners should discover farming culture, nomadic culture and water culture, and build a unique tourism development path that natural ecology, culture and social form a harmonious unified system.
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Guirgis, R. A. "EGYPTIAN SHEEP RESOURCES." Animal Genetic Resources Information 13 (April 1994): 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1014233900000274.
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SUMMARYLocal Egyptian breeds of sheep, though considered small to medium size, have the desirable qualities of continuous breeding throughout the year and hardiness. Increasing the flock owners income may be through:1. Higher productivityby accelerated lamb production of the valley and delta Ossimi and Rahmani breeds and improving the natural resource situation for the adapted desert Barki breed.2. Establishing a simple grading system for the local coarse wool to improve marketing and encourage its use in small scale industries, hence rural development of the area.
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Da Silva Santiago, Wallace. "Research and development of planting techniques with low water resources in desert and semi-desert areas." Revista Scientific 8, no. 29 (August 5, 2023): 144–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.29394/scientific.issn.2542-2987.2023.8.29.7.144-159.
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This research addresses the problem of the worldwide decrease in water resources due to climate change and desertification. The main objective is to develop a cultivation method that uses a biogel to optimize water absorption by plants and reduce evaporation in desert areas. A mixed methodology was employed, combining qualitative and quantitative elements. Black bean seeds (Phaseolus vulgaris) were sown in bags with substrate prepared with the biogel, administering 20 ml of water every 3 days. Over 37 days, observations were made of plant development, substrate moisture, and the presence of pests or diseases. The results showed efficient water absorption by the plants and a substrate that remained moist, without the presence of pests or diseases. However, additional laboratory analyses are required to determine the exact cause of plant death before 45 days. It is concluded that the biogel cultivation method has potential for efficient water use in desert areas, but greater investment in equipment and a multidisciplinary team is needed to obtain conclusive results.
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Sheridan, Thomas E. "Arizona: The Political Ecology of a Desert State." Journal of Political Ecology 2, no. 1 (December 1, 1995): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/v2i1.20130.
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In this paper, I argue that the emerging research strategy of political ecology needs to incorporate an active nature into its analysis of the commodification of natural resources and the politics of resource control. I make reference to earlier work among small rancher-farmers in Cucurpe, Sonora, where the nature of the crucial resources themselves--arable land, grazing land, and irrigation water--determined local agrarian politics as much or more as transnational market demand and Mexican federal agrarian policies. Then I examine water control in Arizona during the past century. I contend that one of the best ways to pursue political ecology is to focus upon the historical dialectic that determines how and why certain natural resources are converted into commodities at particular places and times and how commodity production transforms, and is transformed by, local ecosystems and local societies. Finally, I concur with anthropologist Thomas McGuire that this analysis must be resolutely empirical rather than based upon a priori models or assumptions.
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جودت, ندى شاكر, سعدية عاكَول منخي, and فلاح حسن شنون. "Water harvesting and its impact on the development of water resources in Iraq." Kufa Journal of Arts 1, no. 29 (December 20, 2016): 115–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.36317/kaj/2016/v1.i29.6092.
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Water harvesting technology in Iraq is of great importance because of its role in the development of water and agricultural resources in it and the provision of water for various uses, due to what Iraq suffers from semi-arid climatic conditions and the lack of rainfall and the fluctuation of its fall between the years as well as the high temperatures that lead to higher operations Evaporation, bearing in mind that about half of the area of Iraq consists of desert lands that suffer from water scarcity. Water harvesting technology has been applied in Iraq by various means, the most common of which is the construction of dams and reservoirs on rivers and valleys in various parts of Iraq, especially in desert areas. Water harvesting technology in Iraq faces some obstacles and problems, including natural obstacles, regulatory and administrative obstacles, and financing obstacles.
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Yan, Hui. "Research on Relative Carrying Capacity of Resources of Inner Mongolia." Advanced Materials Research 726-731 (August 2013): 4801–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.726-731.4801.
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The relative carrying capacity of resources methods was used to calculate the relative carrying capacity of land resources, the relative carrying capacity of economic resources and carrying capacity of integrated resource of Inner Mongolia during 1978-2008. Study shows that: carrying capacity of integrated resource of Inner Mongolia is surplus, overloading population between-15.22 to-32.38 million, land resources is the main capacity resources of Inner Mongolia during the last 30 years. The main causes for the sustainable development status in Inner Mongolia is the wide land and small population, but considering lots of land in Inner mongolia can not be cultured, such as desert and gobi, and that economic foundation of Inner Mongolia is still weak, so Inner Mongolia should speed up economic development, enhance the carrying capacity of economic resources.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Desert resources development"
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Karpiscak, Martin M., and Gerald J. Gottfried. "Tree Production in the Sonoran Desert Using Effluent and Water Harvesting." Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/296499.
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Haberkorn, Matt. "HYDROGEOMORPHIC AND BOTANICAL ASSOCIATIONS OF BAJADA EPHEMERAL DRAINAGES IN THE WHITE TANK MOUNTAINS, SONORAN DESERT." Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/621700.
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Ephemeral drainage plant communities of the Sonoran Desert compose a highly significant yet relatively unexplained portion of the ecosystem. Eighty-one percent of all southwestern and 94% of Arizona drainages are categorized as ephemeral drainages (Levick et al. 2008). Small but significant portions of the bajada environment are also composed of ephemeral drainages. These drainages carry out important landscape scale functions in water movement, groundwater recharge, nutrient movement and cycling, sediment transportation, geomorphology, plant habitat, seed disbursement, as well as wildlife habitat and corridors. In decades past, Sonoran Desert bajada research relating the physical earth sciences to ecology has focused on explaining upland plant community patterns along this landform (Yang and Lowe 1956, Phillips and MacMahan 1978, Key et al. 1984, McAuliffe 1994, Parker 1995, McAuliffe 1999). This body of research, however, has very little information pertaining to ephemeral drainages dissecting the upland bajada environment. The bajada geomorphic environment is a composition of geomorphic surfaces of varying soil development proceeding away from a mountain (Peterson 1981, McAuliffe 1994). Each of these geomorphic surfaces is characterized by a unique lithology, slope, age and degree of argillic and caliche soil horizon development. Generally, geomorphic surfaces containing highly developed argillic or caliche soil horizons are found near the mountain while surfaces of undeveloped soils are furthest away from the mountain. Depending on the bajada, local geomorphic history, however, may result in different landscape scale patterns of geomorphic surfaces and soil development. This physical environment forms the template from which the ephemeral drainage develops its channel morphology, hydrology and botanical associations. It was expected that the various geomorphic surfaces composing the bajada found at the study sites would determine the specific channel morphology, hydrology and plant community associations of the examined ephemeral drainage. The goal of this study was to explain (1) channel morphology, (2) hydrology or ephemeral flow patterns and (3) plant communities found along the ephemeral drainage. Plant communities of drainages were also compared to upland communities. These factors were
then utilized to give an overall explanation for the distribution of hydrogeomorphic and botanical associations found along the bajada ephemeral drainage.
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Valdez-Zamudio, Diego. "Using GIS and Remote Sensing Techniques to Estimate Land Cover Changes in a Desert Watershed." Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/296481.
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From the Proceedings of the 1995 Meetings of the Arizona Section - American Water Resources Association and the Hydrology Section - Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science - April 22, 1995, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona
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Stefferud, Jerome A., and John N. Rinne. "Sustainability of Fishes in Desert River: Preliminary Observations on the Roles of Streamflow and Introduced Fishes." Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/296454.
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From the Proceedings of the 1995 Meetings of the Arizona Section - American Water Resources Association and the Hydrology Section - Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science - April 22, 1995, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona
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Sefelnasr, Ahmed. "Development of groundwater flow model for water resources management in the development areas of the Western Desert, Egypt." lizenzfrei, 2007. http://sundoc.bibliothek.uni-halle.de/diss-online/07/07H178/index.htm.
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Goldenetz, Jolie A. "Learning from Traditional Water Harvesters in the Negev and Sonoran Deserts." Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/296663.
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Jacobsz, Johannes Marthinus. "Riglyne vir die effektiewe assessering van dosente in hoër onderwys binne die nasionale kwalifikasieraamwerk / Johannes Marthinus Jacobsz." Thesis, Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/10414.
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This study focuses on the composition of guidelines for the effective
assessment of lecturers - hence the emphasis is on the principle that
assessment may be regarded as indispensable for professional development
and for making a meaningful contribution towards ensuring quality in the context
of the National Qualification framework.
To this end a literature study was firstly undertaken regarding the nature of and
criteria for effective assessment. The literature indicated that a variety of
changes took place in South Africa since 1994, amongst others in the area of
education, training and development. There have been numerous debates
about this on stages and in political council halls, schools, colleges, technikons,
universities, the press and the general workplace. Often the debates also
centred on the low levels of competence and performance of workers in South
Africa. Sometimes even the abilities, competence and performance levels of
graduates and diplomandi have been questioned. In the context of these doubts
people started investigating the role played by higher education, and more
specifically lecturers, in ensuring that competent human resources leave the
higher education environment for the professional world. As a result the
purposeful assessment of lecturers has been identified as imperative.
Furthermore, certain important factors that may influence the nature of and
criteria for assessment, are discussed in this study. These include, amongst
others, issues such as the education and training system, outcomes-based
education and training, competence, knowledge escalation, the assessment of
competence arid performance, the professional development of the lecturer, the
concept assessment, the relation between assessment and ensuring quality,
Bloom's taxonomy, different assessment instruments, the management of
quality and the appointment of lecturers.
The assessment of lecturers is viewed from a development-oriented
perspective, where the focus is on continuous assessment that may be
beneficial for individual, professional and organisational development. It is
shown that a variety of qualitative and quantitative assessment instruments may
be optimalised during formative as well as summative assessment, with which
the training, needs, abilities, skills, competencies, capacity and performance of
lecturers may be determined. The assessment of lecturers is regarded as a
contributing factor in delivering and ensuring quality. It is also shown that the
process should be undertaken in a managerial manner in order to continuously
promote quality.
Thereupon a discussion of assessment practices follows. In this discussion the
focus is on the roles of lecturers in government-supported higher education
institutions. The discussion is guided by the context which is determined by the
implementation of the principles of the National Qualification Framework. A
number of actors are identified who are directly or indirectly involved in the
assessment of lecturers' competencies, outputs and performance in the higher
education environment. It is also indicated that the implementation of the
National Qualification Framework is guided by a number of legislations of which
government-supported higher education institutions must give account in the
performing of their tasks and functions.
From literature it is clear that countries like the United Kingdom, the USA,
Australia and New Zealand use assessment practices to ensure quality in the
higher education environment. The role of the lecturer in that process is
highlighted, and it is indicated that the assessment of the lecturer is indirectly
addressed in the process.
An empirical study was performed to establish, in the first instance, whether
lecturers have been subjected to effective and appropriate training regarding
the implementation of the National Qualification Framework. The second
objective of the empirical study was to identify the implications of the
assessment of lecturers attached to government-subsidised or public higher
education institutions for all stakeholders.
It is found in this study that a distinction should be made between the
competence and performance assessment of lecturers. In addition it is indicated
that the competence certification of lecturers must be regarded as imperative in
order to facilitate performance-oriented functioning in the higher education
environment. It is also found that lecturers must to a large extent cope with the
process of giving account of all the new legislations and resulting expectations -
sometimes under great pressure and amidst uncertainty and insufficient
competence levels because of inadequate training, assessment and feedback.
As a result lecturers do not experience the implementation of the National
Qualification Framework as effective.
In order to accommodate the changed and changing environment of the higher
education sector, a conceptual model is composed to serve as a guide for the
assessment of lecturers. In this model it is indicated that systems being
developed for the assessment of lecturers should make provision for and
account for a variety of factors, such as quality, primary and secondary actors,
legislation, and the abilities, skills, competencies, capacity and performance
levels of lecturers, assessment instruments, proactive, reactive, formative,
summative, qualitative and quantitative assessment interventions. The
synchronization and purposeful structuring of these factors may make a
contribution towards creating a context which is beneficial to the professional
development of the lecturer and consequently to performance in the higher
education system.Thesis (Ph.D. (Education))--Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education, 2003
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Sefelnasr, Ahmed [Verfasser]. "Development of groundwater flow model for water resources management in the development areas of the western desert, Egypt / by Ahmed M. Sefelnasr." 2007. http://d-nb.info/990478092/34.
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Ingman, Mark Christian. "The role of plastic mulch as a water conservation practice for desert oasis communities of Northern China." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/34311.
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China's Minqin Oasis once welcomed traders along the ancient Silk Road with rivers, lakes, and lush forests, yet today the region's farmland and grassland are increasingly being engulfed by the sands of the Gobi Desert. The severity of this incremental catastrophe for a declining population of 300,000 residents has brought forth a host of recent water policies to include agronomic water conservation through plastic mulch use, computerized regulation and pricing of groundwater, and water diversions from the Yellow River. This study uses a multi-disciplinary and mixed methods approach to better understand farmer perspectives on why they implement certain water and land use practices in agriculture. The world's farmers currently use the majority of the world's available freshwater and arable land. Modern agriculture and its continued intensification also lead to increases in petroleum based inputs such as agrochemicals and agricultural plastics (plasticulture). Despite the large of impact of the decisions made by the world's farmers on natural resources, little research to date has sought to better understand farmers' perceptions and decision-making processes. Plastic film mulch is a technology that has existed since the 1940's and it has been used in places such as rural China for over five decades. This technology conserves a considerable amount of irrigation water and it increases harvests, however, use of plastic for mulch causes waste disposal problems and is an expenditure of petroleum through plastic manufacturing. Without a fundamental understanding of why farmers perceive plastic mulch to be valuable to their households and communities, we may not fully grasp why its global application continues to increase year after year. Moreover, a focused study of plastic mulch use at the local level may also allow researchers and entrepreneurs to develop a suitable alternative mulch that does not consume non-renewable resources or result in detrimental plastic waste after its utility has been exhausted. This study uses household level interviews, surveys, and participant observation to better understand why Minqin County farmers in rural China continue to use plastic mulch and how it may influence their standard of living.Graduation date: 2013
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Hayes, Hanna Bea. "An Examination of Cultural Values and Employees' Perceptions of Support on Affective Reaction and the Desire to Participate in a Formal Mentoring Program in an Oilfield Services Corporation." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2012-05-11203.
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Many researchers have examined the effect of formal mentoring on job satisfaction and organizational commitment. However, there has been little or no focus on an employee's intent to participate in a formal mentoring program based upon an employee's perceived organizational support, and/or affective reaction (job satisfaction and organizational commitment). In the current study, the researcher examined the relationship among cultural values, perceived organizational support (career and psychosocial support), affective reaction (job satisfaction and organizational commitment), and the intent to participate in a formal mentoring program in an oilfield services organization. A 44-item electronic survey was utilized to collect data. The questionnaire was sent to 831 Field Engineers 1 (FE1's) in forty-two countries within an oilfield services organization. The sample included 341 respondents. Descriptive statistics, Cronbach's alpha estimates for reliability, factor analysis, correlation analysis, regression analysis, path analysis, and structural equation modeling were the analyses used in the study.
The researcher posited that cultural values amongst the FE1's do not differ significantly; moreover, the cultural values do not influence the FE1's perceived organization support. Further, it was found that FE1's perceived support (career and psychosocial) and affective reactions predicted the FE1's intent to participate in a formal mentoring program.
Books on the topic "Desert resources development"
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Arnagelʹdyev, A. Pustyni: Rat͡s︡ionalʹnoe ispolʹzovanie i okhrana. Moskva: VO "Agropromizdat", 1990.
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Cherednichenko, V. P. Inzhenerno-geomorfologicheskie issledovanii͡a︡ Karakumov. Ashkhabad: Ilim, 1991.
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Sharma, Jaswant Raj. Population resources & development in Indian desert. Delhi, India: Anupama Publications, 1988.
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International Desert Development Conference (2nd 1987 Cairo, Egypt). Desert development: Proceedings of the Second International Desert Development Conference held on 25-31 January 1987 in Cairo, Egypt. Chur: Harwood Academic Publishers, 1991.
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Cloudsley-Thompson, J. L. Living in the desert. Vero Beach, FL: Rourke Enterprises, 1985.
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Chouhan, T. S. Integrated area development of Indian desert. Jodhpur: Geo-Environ Academia, 1988.
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1955-, Chouhan T. S., ed. Indian desert: Resources and perspective of development. Jaipur, India: Printwell, 1995.
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United States. Bureau of Land Management. California Desert District., ed. Proposed 1986 amendments to the California Desert Conservation Area plan: Environmental assessment. Riverside, Calif: The Bureau, 1986.
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United States. Bureau of Land Management. California Desert Conservation Area: 10th anniversary. [Place of publication not identified]: U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, 1987.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Desert resources development"
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Elkhouly, Ahmed A., El-Sayed E. Omran, and Abdelazim Negm. "Conclusions and Recommendations for “Management and Development of Agricultural and Natural Resources in Egypt’s Desert”." In Springer Water, 535–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73161-8_20.
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Pratt, Sabrina V. "Santa Fe, New Mexico's creative tourism initiative." In Creative tourism: activating cultural resources and engaging creative travellers, 165–71. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789243536.0022.
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Abstract The City of Santa Fe, New Mexico's Creative Tourism Initiative ran from 2009 to 2015. It began as a result of Santa Fe's membership in the United Nations Educational and Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Creative Cities Network. Santa Fe joined the network in 2005, and that same year a UNESCO representative involved in forming the Creative Cities Network brought up the concept of creative tourism as an economic development tool. Santa Fe, population 84,683 (US Census Bureau, 2019), is known for its history, arts, and culture in a southwestern US state that shares a border with Mexico. As a crossroads for Native American, Spanish, Mexican, and European culture, plus a beautiful desert and mountainous landscape, tourism is one of New Mexico's primary industries. The Creative Tourism Initiative, led by the City of Santa Fe, developed a robust selection of creative tourism experiences and promoted them. The City assigned staff members of its Arts Commission, the city's arts agency, to design and implement the programme. This study tackles how CTI promotes Santa Fe, in terms of training, their website, and other marketing channels.
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Karimov, B. K., M. Matthies, and B. G. Kamilov. "Unconventional Water Resources of Agricultural Origin and Their Re-utilization Potential for Development of Desert Land Aquaculture in the Aral Sea Basin." In The Global Water System in the Anthropocene, 143–59. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07548-8_10.
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Varghese, Nisha. "Multidimensional Development in Thar Desert Region of Rajasthan." In Natural Resource Management in the Thar Desert Region of Rajasthan, 313–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-34556-2_13.
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Issar, Arie S. "Progressive Development by Greening the Deserts, to Mitigate Global Warming and Provide New Land and Income Resources." In Progressive Development, 37–42. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-10640-8_8.
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Sayre, Nathan F. "A History of North American Rangelands." In Rangeland Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, 49–73. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-34037-6_3.
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AbstractNorth America’s diverse grassland, savanna, steppe and desert ecosystems evolved in the absence of domesticated livestock. The arrival of cattle, sheep, goats, pigs and horses after 1492 transformed many ecosystems while enabling European soldiers, missionaries and settlers to conquer the continent. The decimation of indigenous populations by warfare, disease and economic dependency further transformed rangelands by removing Native management practices, especially the use of fire. The history of rangelands since then has been one of recursive efforts to commodify and territorialize rangeland resources—including wildlife, grass, soil fertility and the land itself—for market production and exchange. Many former rangelands have been lost altogether, by conversion to forest cover (due to fire suppression) or to agricultural uses (especially in the Great Plains), and invasive exotic plant species have radically altered large areas of rangelands in California, the Great Basin, and other regions. Nonetheless, North American rangelands remain both vast and invaluable for wildlife. The Western Range system of public land grazing leases, which emerged from the devastating overgrazing of the late nineteenth century, succeeded in stabilizing range conditions and linking land use and management across large landscapes of mixed ownerships. With accelerating urbanization, the rise of environmentalism, and structural shifts in the livestock industry since World War II, however, the Western Range has begun to unravel, exposing rangelands to development and fragmentation. Climatic variability in the form of droughts, floods and extreme fire conditions, more so than aridity per se, has frustrated efforts to extract value from rangelands from the outset, and climate change promises to amplify these phenomena going forward.
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Elkhouly, Ahmed A., El-Sayed E. Omran, and Abdelazim Negm. "Introduction to “Management and Development of Agricultural and Natural Resources in Egypt’s Deserts”." In Springer Water, 3–14. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73161-8_1.
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Palm, Harry W., Ulrich Knaus, Samuel Appelbaum, Sebastian M. Strauch, and Benz Kotzen. "Coupled Aquaponics Systems." In Aquaponics Food Production Systems, 163–99. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15943-6_7.
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AbstractCoupled aquaponics is the archetype form of aquaponics. The technical complexity increases with the scale of production and required water treatment, e.g. filtration, UV light for microbial control, automatic controlled feeding, computerization and biosecurity. Upscaling is realized through multiunit systems that allow staggered fish production, parallel cultivation of different plants and application of several hydroponic subsystems. The main task of coupled aquaponics is the purification of aquaculture process water through integration of plants which add economic benefits when selecting suitable species like herbs, medicinal plants or ornamentals. Thus, coupled aquaponics with closed water recirculation systems has a particular role to fulfil.Under fully closed recirculation of nutrient enriched water, the symbiotic community of fish, plants and bacteria can result in higher yields compared with stand-alone fish production and/or plant cultivation. Fish and plant choices are highly diverse and only limited by water quality parameters, strongly influenced by fish feed, the plant cultivation area and component ratios that are often not ideal. Carps, tilapia and catfish are most commonly used, though more sensitive fish species and crayfish have been applied. Polyponics and additional fertilizers are methods to improve plant quality in the case of growth deficiencies, boosting plant production and increasing total yield.The main advantages of coupled aquaponics are in the most efficient use of resources such as feed for nutrient input, phosphorous, water and energy as well as in an increase of fish welfare. The multivariate system design approach allows coupled aquaponics to be installed in all geographic regions, from the high latitudes to arid and desert regions, with specific adaptation to the local environmental conditions. This chapter provides an overview of the historical development, general system design, upscaling, saline and brackish water systems, fish and plant choices as well as management issues of coupled aquaponics especially in Europe.
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Pintado, Manuela, and Alexandra Aragão. "Pollution and Law." In Sustainable Development Goals Series, 85–97. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-24888-7_7.
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AbstractPollution law is the result of decades of legislative evolution in environmental law. The inherent complexity of pollution has legal consequences. Pollution norms are not compiled into one single harmonised pollution law and much less a “pollution code”. This makes it much harder to know, interpret, apply, monitor and implement pollution laws, and to apply sanctions to the violations of those laws. The final reason that explains and justifies efforts to regulate, tax, charge for, clean up, supervise and sanction pollution is protection of the victims of pollution. Intensive linear economic activity, which ignores the limits of the environment and the resulting long-term damage, is depleting the planet’s resources. It is therefore crucial to implement strategies and solutions that enable pollution prevention and that maximise the value of resources. Pollution prevention must be proactive and needs a pre-planned strategy. Current and future generations deserve a pollution-free world. Pollution is a battle that can be won.
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Dieke, Peter U. C., Nneoma G. Ololo, and Afamefuna P. Eyisi. "Tourism in Nigeria: new policy and planning directions needed for a neglected sector." In Tourism in development: reflective essays, 62–77. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242812.0006.
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Abstract This chapter reflects on a neglected export sector in the Nigerian economy, that of tourism, in order to identify whether some refinements to the existing principles of developing tourism are merited. It then goes on to hint at both the issues that deserve consideration for future tourism development in Nigeria and also the general implications that the continued neglect of the sector portends. Strategic resource allocation, human resource development, funding of the tourism sector, and public-private sector roles are identified as the essential inputs to tourism development in general, highlighting their strategic importance with respect to policy and planning principles, as a framework for exploring the future growth and direction of the tourism sector in Nigeria in particular.
Conference papers on the topic "Desert resources development"
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Salah, Mohamed, and Mazher Ibrahim. "Unconventional Reservoir Development in Egypt’s Western Desert: Lessons Learned From the First Appraisal Wells." In Unconventional Resources Technology Conference. Tulsa, OK, USA: American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15530/urtec-2018-2902739.
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Suleimenovich MUSTAFAYEV, Zhumakhan, Jozef MOSIEJ, Lya Tobazhanovna KOZYKEEVA, and Kurmanbek ZHANYMKHAN. "METHODS OF COMPLEX ASSESSMENT OF NATURAL AND ANTHROPOGENIC PRESSURE FOR WATER RESOURCES IN CENTRAL ASIA - KARATAL RIVER CASE STUDY." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.123.
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Development of the national economy in the Karatal basin river is characterized by the progressive involvement and development of the resource potential of natural landscapes, the current rate of utilization of which greatly enhances the anthropogenic impact on the natural environment. A significant impact on the formation of the ecological environment of natural landscapes is provided by the rural and water sectors, as well as by industrial facilities related to processing and mining. At the same time, on the one hand the economic activity of the man in the catchment areas of the river basin gives a certain positive effect, and on the other hand, it is accompanied by an unavoidable set of negative ecological consequences that complicate ecological situations in various ranks of natural systems. Such negative natural and man-caused process in human activity occurs as a result of inadequate knowledge of the regularities of interaction between natural and anthropogenic factors, about the processes developing in the natural environment in complex watershed management, which is one of the obstacles on the way to the creation of ecologically sustainable cost-effective water catchment systems. Scientific interest to the assessment of the ecological state of the catchments of rivers and the problem of their complex development have been appeared relatively recently which is explained by the increase in modern conditions of anthropogenic load on the catchment areas, the need to assess the impact of such pressures on the ecological stability of catchments and the emergence of the problem of ensuring the sustainable function of catchments. The catena concept was developed to analyze the regular variability of soil on the slope. The example of this approach consists first in a structural component, the recurring pattern of certain soils in a landscape transects in which every chain element has its place in the chain, a soil has it in a landscape areal. The object of the research is the catchment basin of the Karatal river with a length of 390 km, an area of 19.1 thousand km², which is formed by the merger of three rivers called Tekeliaryk, Chadzha and Kora, sources which are at an altitude of 3200-3900 m. The initial 160 km is mountain character, from the Zhungarian Alatau and below the confluence of Kara and Chizhe River overlooks a wide intermountain plain. Other tributaries are Kara, Terekty, Laba, Balykty, Mokur and the most abundant is Koksu. After the confluence of the tributary of the Koksu River, Karatal flows through the sandy desert of the Southern Balkhash. At a distance of 40 km from the mouth, the river has a delta area of 860 km 2. According to long-term observations, the average annual discharge of the Karatal River in the Ushtobe section is 66.7 m3/s or 2.1 km3/ year.
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Damm, Christopher, Elise Strobach, Curtis Robbins, Amber Broch, Robert Turner, and S. Kent Hoekman. "Development of the Renewable Energy Deployment and Display (REDD) Facility at the Desert Research Institute." In ASME 2014 8th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2014 12th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2014-6626.
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The Desert Research Institute (DRI) has developed a Renewable Energy Deployment and Display (REDD) Facility as an off-grid capable facility for exploration of integration, control, and optimization of distributed energy resources (DER) with an emphasis on solar and wind energy. The primary goal of the facility is to help grow DRI’s capabilities and expertise in areas of renewable energy research, development, demonstration, and deployment. The facility is powered by four solar PV arrays (6 kW total) and two wind turbines (3 kW total) during off-grid operation. Energy storage is achieved via two 2.5 m3 hydrogen storage tanks and a 9 kWh battery bank. The hydrogen is produced via a 5 kW electrolyzer and is used to fuel an internal combustion engine (ICE) with an alternator when needed. The REDD Facility consists of a 111.5 m2 residence and a 56 m2 workshop. The REDD House features over 37 m2 of solar thermal collectors used to provide hot water to either a 15.9 kW heat exchanger or a 17.6 kW absorption chiller. The REDD Workshop features a 54 m2 solar collector air heater and thermal storage via water and air in the floor. Also housed in the REDD Workshop is a modified 3-cylinder 950cc naturally aspirated renewable gas engine connected to a 5 kW generator to be used for future biomass-related research. Future research at the REDD Facility will include continued investigation into the use and regulation of site-built solar air collectors, solar cooling technologies, and the advancement of hydrogen as energy storage for residential applications. The facility is also continually used for education and outreach purposes. Lastly, DRI encourages the use of the REDD Facility as a test bench for new technologies; whether for proof of concept or demonstration.
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Middleton, Bobby D., Patrick V. Brady, Jeffrey A. Brown, and Serafina T. Lawles. "The Palo Verde Water Cycle Model (PVWCM) – Development of an Integrated Multi-Physics and Economics Model for Effective Water Management." In ASME 2021 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2021-65768.
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Abstract Water management has become critical for thermoelectric power generation in the US. Increasing demand for scarce water resources for domestic, agricultural, and industrial use affects water availability for power plants. In particular, the population in the Southwestern part of the US is growing and water resources are over-stressed. The engineering and management teams at the Palo Verde Generating Station (PV) in the Sonoran Desert have long understood this problem and began a partnership with Sandia National Laboratories in 2017 to develop a long-term water strategy for PV. As part of this program, Sandia and Palo Verde staff have developed a comprehensive software tool that models all aspects of the PV (plant cooling) water cycle. The software tool — the Palo Verde Water Cycle Model (PVWCM) — tracks water operations from influent to the plant through evaporation in one of the nine cooling towers or one of the eight evaporation ponds. The PVWCM has been developed using a process called System Dynamics. The PVWCM is developed to allow scenario comparison for various plant operating strategies.
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Farrag, Sayed, and Ihab Mahmoud. "Petrophysical Evaluation and Geochemical Characterization of Abu Roash F Member Abu Gharadig Basin, Western Desert, Egypt." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-22187-ms.
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Abstract Abu Roash F Member (ARF) is a carbonate formation extended all over the Western Desert in Egypt, ARF has good lateral continuity in all western desert basins but has very poor connectivity and very low permeability. it can be considered as an example of unconventional reservoir. This work aims to evaluate the reservoir quality of Abu Roash "F" Member and compare with the unconventional play commercial developed all over the world. in this study, the key parameters to define reservoir quality; include mineralogy, porosity, water saturation, permeability, organic matter content, Kerogen type and thermal maturity has been investigated. More than 30 Rock-Eval pyrolysis samples from different fields where ARF at significantly different level has been used to evaluate and understand ARF geochemical reservoir quality. On the other side, core and well log data from different fields at different level has been inspected and integrated to evaluate ARF mineralogy, porosity, permeability, water saturation, and identify Potential sweet spots. The results of Rock-Eval analysis show that most of the investigated samples have the total organic carbon content (TOC) values between 1.6 and 6.63 wt% indicating good to very good source rocks and the pyrolysis Yield (PY) ranged from 6 to 20 indicating good to very good potential generation. Based on Tmax and Hydrogen index (HI), the deepest well samples have Tmax values in the range of 435 and 441°C and Hydrogen index (HI) values in the range of 311 to 570 indicating that the organic matter has reached the early to intermediate stages of thermal maturity with dominate kerogen type I-II. While the shallower well samples have Tmax values in the range of 421 and 430°C and Hydrogen index (HI) values in the range of 127 to 687 indicating that the organic matter immature with mixed kerogen type II-III. Petrophysical results supporting that ARF is a carbonate rock deposit under marine conditions and has mixed layer clay (montomonlionite, Kolonite and illite). Numerous techniques to estimate ARF permeability from wireline logs have been investigated, using the available core data porosity permeability relationship has been established. Moreover, the results of petrophysical analysis indicate that Lucia class 3 permeability has good math with core permeability. So, Lucia class 3 permeability can be used to estimate ARF permeability using the calculated effective porosity from well log data. Generally, the results of geochemical and petrophysical evaluation of this study show that ARF has very good reservoir quality comparing with the most of commercially developed unconventional resources all over the world. Moreover, the results show that ARF has a similarity with Eagle Ford Shale in terms of Age, mineralogy, pressure, depth, thickness, and TOC which reflect the potentiality of ARF commercial development.
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Zhu, Jin, Li Cheng, Xiaohui He, and Zhibao Dong. "Analysis of Wind Field Characteristics in Near Surface Layer of Kubuqi Desert." In 10th Academic Conference of Geology Resource Management and Sustainable Development 2022. Riverwood, NSW Australia: Aussino Academic Publishing House, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52202/067798-0032.
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Zhu, Jin, Li Cheng, Li Zhu, Xiaohui He, and Zhiwei Yang. "Study on The Perception of Tourism Image of Desert-type Scenic Spots Based on Network Text Analysis." In 10th Academic Conference of Geology Resource Management and Sustainable Development 2022. Riverwood, NSW Australia: Aussino Academic Publishing House, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52202/067798-0223.
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Amir, Naila, Rabia Latif, Narmeen Shafqat, and Seemab Latif. "Crowdsourcing Cybercrimes through Online Resources." In 2020 13th International Conference on Developments in eSystems Engineering (DeSE). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dese51703.2020.9450747.
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Cai, Tianyi, and Theodor Freiheit. "Lean Value Creation in the Product Development Process With the Principle of Set Based Concurrent Engineering." In ASME 2011 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2011-48693.
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Lean value creation requires a value-adding network of lean activities across the whole Product Development Process (PDP). Management needs to allocate resources and properly control the process to create the value that stakeholders desire. Leading companies in industry have successfully applied Set-Based Concurrent Engineering (SBCE) for lean PDP. In SBCE, designers propose several feasible solutions and develop them relatively independently and in parallel, and then gradually narrow the sets of solutions based on updated project feedback at each stage-gate design review. As an important lean concept with many advantages, SBCE has constraints that can jeopardize lean value creation. For instance, it is unclear how resources are allocated to each stage, different functional teams, and different value creation activities related to different kinds of value, which can cause waste of talent, time, and money. This paper focuses on how resources can be allocated to SBCE by viewing product development activities as value creation cells. Under management control, lean value creation activities use knowledge and other resources to produce valuable design solutions. A mathematical feedback control model is proposed to illustrate how management can invest resources for the value creation process. This model can be used to explore resource allocation to functional teams and processes according to a holistic value creation project development strategy and the optimal creation of lean value.
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El Shawa, Sahba, Merna Alzurikat, Zaina Abu Sha’ar, and Moh'd Sami Ashhab. "JSRI space design competitions: Education and outreach for emerging space countries." In Symposium on Space Educational Activities (SSAE). Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/conference-9788419184405.069.
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As countries around the world are racing towards realizing the common dream of humans creating long-term habitats in space, emerging space countries like Jordan, with no established space agency, are struggling to participate in the development of research and projects in the field. Additionally, due to the deteriorating economical situation in Jordan, students now seek professions with higher market demands and payment rates to ensure a safe career path. This led Jordanian students to overlook emerging fields of study like space. From here arises the need to conduct proper outreach to spread awareness on space research and its benefits, and to incorporate space studies in the Jordanian educational system in order to build a strong base of human resources in the field. Since Jordan is lacking in both educational and theoretical, as well as professional and practical sides, students mostly turn to completing their studies and gaining professional experience in the space field abroad. Therefore, before establishing Jordanian-targeted education programs and initiatives for space studies, there is the need for the establishment of local space institutes, projects, and programs which ensure that students will have access to training programs and practical experience as well as securing future job opportunities, thereby making space careers a viable option. In 2020, under the Moon Village Association's Participation of Emerging Space Countries program, a roadmap for Jordan’s contribution to lunar exploration and the Jordan Space Research Initiative (JSRI) were created. This 20-year roadmap focuses on establishing an analog R&D facility in Jordan’s Wadi Rum desert, aiming to support the emerging space field in Jordan, while contributing to its national priorities and sustainable development goals. Beginning with the outreach element to foster space education, JSRI launched two space design competitions in 2021 to engage students and professionals interested in the field. These competitions allowed the participants to learn about spacesuit and rover design, as well as develop their own prototypes in a hands-on educational exercise. By providing funding and expert support, JSRI ensured that a diverse group of Jordanians was able to participate, regardless of their backgrounds. This approach proved to be successful in enabling the participation of various segments of the Jordanian society, and has shown that people with a passion for space can thrive through educational initiatives such as these competitions. Building on this success, future partnerships and educational initiatives are being established, aiding in the formation of a space network in Jordan
Reports on the topic "Desert resources development"
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Henderson, Tim, Vincent Santucci, Tim Connors, and Justin Tweet. National Park Service geologic type section inventory: Mojave Desert Inventory & Monitoring Network. National Park Service, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2289952.
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A fundamental responsibility of the National Park Service (NPS) is to ensure that park resources are preserved, protected, and managed in consideration of the resources themselves and for the benefit and enjoyment by the public. Through the inventory, monitoring, and study of park resources, we gain a greater understanding of the scope, significance, distribution, and management issues associated with these resources and their use. This baseline of natural resource information is available to inform park managers, scientists, stakeholders, and the public about the conditions of these resources and the factors or activities that may threaten or influence their stability and preservation. There are several different categories of geologic or stratigraphic units (supergroup, group, formation, member, bed) that represent a hierarchical system of classification. The mapping of stratigraphic units involves the evaluation of lithologies, bedding properties, thickness, geographic distribution, and other factors. Mappable geologic units may be described and named through a rigorously defined process that is standardized and codified by the professional geologic community (North American Commission on Stratigraphic Nomenclature 2005). In most instances when a new geologic unit such as a formation is described and named in the scientific literature, a specific and well-exposed section or exposure area of the unit is designated as the type section or other category of stratotype (see “Definitions” below). The type section is an important reference exposure for a named geologic unit which presents a relatively complete and representative example for this unit. Geologic stratotypes are important both historically and scientifically, and should be available for other researchers to evaluate in the future.. The inventory of all geologic stratotypes throughout the 423 units of the NPS is an important effort in documenting these locations in order that NPS staff recognize and protect these areas for future studies. The focus adopted for completing the baseline inventories throughout the NPS was centered on the 32 inventory and monitoring networks (I&M) established during the late 1990s. The I&M networks are clusters of parks within a defined geographic area based on the ecoregions of North America (Fenneman 1946; Bailey 1976; Omernik 1987). These networks share similar physical resources (e.g., geology, hydrology, climate), biological resources (e.g., flora, fauna), and ecological characteristics. Specialists familiar with the resources and ecological parameters of the network, and associated parks, work with park staff to support network-level activities such as inventory, monitoring, research, and data management. Adopting a network-based approach to inventories worked well when the NPS undertook paleontological resource inventories for the 32 I&M networks. The planning team from the NPS Geologic Resources Division who proposed and designed this inventory selected the Greater Yellowstone Inventory & Monitoring Network (GRYN) as the pilot network for initiating this project. Through the research undertaken to identify the geologic stratotypes within the parks of the GRYN methodologies for data mining and reporting on these resources were established. Methodologies and reporting adopted for the GRYN have been used in the development of this report for the Mojave Desert Inventory & Monitoring Network (MOJN). The goal of this project is to consolidate information pertaining to geologic type sections that occur within NPS-administered areas, in order that this information is available throughout the NPS to inform park managers and to promote the preservation and protection of these important geologic landmarks and geologic heritage resources. The review of stratotype occurrences for the MOJN shows there are currently no designated stratotypes for Joshua Tree National Park (JOTR) or Manzanar National Historic Site (MANZ); Death Valley...
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Henderson, Tim, Mincent Santucci, Tim Connors, and Justin Tweet. National Park Service geologic type section inventory: Chihuahuan Desert Inventory & Monitoring Network. National Park Service, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2285306.
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A fundamental responsibility of the National Park Service is to ensure that park resources are preserved, protected, and managed in consideration of the resources themselves and for the benefit and enjoyment by the public. Through the inventory, monitoring, and study of park resources, we gain a greater understanding of the scope, significance, distribution, and management issues associated with these resources and their use. This baseline of natural resource information is available to inform park managers, scientists, stakeholders, and the public about the conditions of these resources and the factors or activities which may threaten or influence their stability. There are several different categories of geologic or stratigraphic units (supergroup, group, formation, member, bed) which represent a hierarchical system of classification. The mapping of stratigraphic units involves the evaluation of lithologies, bedding properties, thickness, geographic distribution, and other factors. If a new mappable geologic unit is identified, it may be described and named through a rigorously defined process that is standardized and codified by the professional geologic community (North American Commission on Stratigraphic Nomenclature 2005). In most instances when a new geologic unit such as a formation is described and named in the scientific literature, a specific and well-exposed section of the unit is designated as the type section or type locality (see Definitions). The type section is an important reference section for a named geologic unit which presents a relatively complete and representative profile for this unit. The type or reference section is important both historically and scientifically, and should be recorded such that other researchers may evaluate it in the future. Therefore, this inventory of geologic type sections in NPS areas is an important effort in documenting these locations in order that NPS staff recognize and protect these areas for future studies. The documentation of all geologic type sections throughout the 423 units of the NPS is an ambitious undertaking. The strategy for this project is to select a subset of parks to begin research for the occurrence of geologic type sections within particular parks. The focus adopted for completing the baseline inventories throughout the NPS was centered on the 32 inventory and monitoring networks (I&M) established during the late 1990s. The I&M networks are clusters of parks within a defined geographic area based on the ecoregions of North America (Fenneman 1946; Bailey 1976; Omernik 1987). These networks share similar physical resources (geology, hydrology, climate), biological resources (flora, fauna), and ecological characteristics. Specialists familiar with the resources and ecological parameters of the network, and associated parks, work with park staff to support network level activities (inventory, monitoring, research, data management). Adopting a network-based approach to inventories worked well when the NPS undertook paleontological resource inventories for the 32 I&M networks. The network approach is also being applied to the inventory for the geologic type sections in the NPS. The planning team from the NPS Geologic Resources Division who proposed and designed this inventory selected the Greater Yellowstone Inventory and Monitoring Network (GRYN) as the pilot network for initiating this project. Through the research undertaken to identify the geologic type sections within the parks of the GRYN, methodologies for data mining and reporting on these resources was established. Methodologies and reporting adopted for the GRYN have been used in the development of this type section inventory for the Chihuahuan Desert Inventory & Monitoring Network. The goal of this project is to consolidate information pertaining to geologic type sections which occur within NPS-administered areas, in order that this information is available throughout the NPS...
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Henderson, Tim, Vincent Santucci, Tim Connors, and Justin Tweet. National Park Service geologic type section inventory: Sonoran Desert Inventory & Monitoring Network. National Park Service, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2294374.
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Type sections are one of several kinds of stratotype. A stratotype is the standard (original or subsequently designated), accessible, and specific sequence of rock for a named geologic unit that forms the basis for the definition, recognition, and comparison of that unit elsewhere. Geologists designate stratotypes for rock exposures that are illustrative and representative of the map unit being defined. Stratotypes ideally should remain accessible for examination and study by others. In this sense, geologic stratotypes are similar in concept to biological type specimens; however, they remain in situ as rock exposures rather than curated in a repository. Therefore, managing stratotypes requires inventory and monitoring like other geologic heritage resources in parks. In addition to type sections, stratotypes also include type localities, type areas, reference sections, and lithodemes, all of which are defined in this report. The goal of this project is to consolidate information pertaining to stratotypes that occur within NPS-administered areas, in order that this information is available throughout the NPS to inform park managers and to promote the preservation and protection of these important geologic heritage resources. This effort identified six stratotypes designated within four park units of the Sonoran Desert Inventory & Monitoring Network (SODN): Chiricahua National Monument (CHIR) has three type areas; Coronado National Memorial (CORO) has one type area; Gila Cliff Dwellings National Monument (GICL) has one type area; and Saguaro National Park (SAGU) has one type area. Table 1 provides information regarding the six stratotypes currently identified within SODN parks. There are currently no designated stratotypes within Casa Grande Ruins National Monument (CAGR), Fort Bowie National Historic Site (FOBO), Montezuma Castle National Monument (MOCA), Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument (ORPI), Tonto National Monument (TONT), Tumacácori National Historical Park (TUMA), or Tuzigoot National Monument (TUZI). However, CHIR, MOCA, SAGU, and TUZI contain important rock exposures that could be considered for formal stratotype designation as discussed in the “Recommendations” section. The inventory of geologic stratotypes across the NPS is an important effort in documenting these locations so that NPS staff may recognize and protect these areas for future studies. The focus adopted for completing the baseline inventories throughout the NPS has centered on the 32 inventory and monitoring (I&M) networks established during the late 1990s. Adopting a network-based approach to inventories worked well when the NPS undertook paleontological resource inventories for the 32 I&M networks and was therefore adopted for the stratotype inventory. The Greater Yellowstone I&M Network (GRYN) was the pilot network for initiating this project (Henderson et al. 2020). Methodologies and reporting strategies adopted for the GRYN have been used in the development of this report for the SODN. This report includes a recommendation section that addresses outstanding issues and future steps regarding park unit stratotypes. These recommendations will hopefully guide decision-making and help ensure that these geoheritage resources are properly protected and that proposed park activities or development will not adversely impact the stability and condition of these geologic exposures.
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Lawrence, David, Mike Tercek, Amber Runyon, and Jeneva Wright. Historical and projected climate change for Grand Canyon National Park and surrounding areas. National Park Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2301726.
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Globally, anthropogenic climate change is one of the greatest threats to resources in protected areas. This report examines historical and projected climate change across the Greater Grand Canyon Landscape (GGCL), including Grand Canyon National Park. Grand Canyon National Park warmed significantly from 1895-2020 (annual mean increase of 1.89? F/century), with temperatures increasing at a faster rate from 1970-2020 (6.31? F/century). Warming occurred at all elevations and seasons across the GGCL, but rates differed spatially. Average annual total precipitation within Grand Canyon National Park did not change significantly over either period examined (1895-2020; 1970-2020). A variety of changes in the region of Grand Canyon National Park have been detected and attributed, at least in part, to anthropogenic climate change, including reduced soil moisture (and associated drought), reduced Colorado River flow, doubling of the area burned by wildfire across the western United States, reduced regeneration of low-elevation ponderosa pine and Douglas-fir as well as pinyon pine and juniper populations, northward shifts in many bird species distributions and declines of bird species occupancy in the Mojave Desert, and reduced bumble bee species richness and abundance (key pollinators). To help managers understand and plan around a range of plausible future climates, we present two plausible but contrasting climate futures for the Greater Grand Canyon Landscape, characterized at mid-century (2040-2069) and late-century (2070-2099). Examining multiple plausible futures avoids over-optimizing management strategies for a single projected future that may not occur. Overarching patterns that emerged from both climate futures include additional warming (average, as well as extreme temperatures), seasonal increases in extreme precipitation events, fewer freezing days and days with snow, and higher moisture deficit (a correlate with landscape dryness, conditions conducive to fire, and vegetation stress). The selected climate futures differed in terms of 1) the degree of warming, 2) whether winter precipitation increases or decreases, 3) whether annual precipitation increases or stays similar, 4) whether drought conditions increase or decrease, and 5) whether runoff increases or decreases. Runoff is projected to occur earlier under both climate futures and is projected to exhibit a more episodic pattern. Based on a literature review, projected changes to the physical, ecological, and cultural resource domains of the region resulting from anthropogenic climate change include: ? Increasing drought risk and aridification ? Reduced Colorado River flow ? Reduced groundwater infiltration ? Decreasing runoff (from snow or rain) in the spring, summer, and fall, and increasing runoff in the winter ? Increasing occurrence of large fires ? Increasing invasive grasses in the Mojave Desert ecosystems west of the park, providing more fuel for wildfire ? Exacerbated post-fire erosion and sediment in Grand Canyon watersheds ? Increased episodes of drought-induced tree mortality ? Upslope shifts of the elevational zones of pinyon-juniper woodland, ponderosa pine forest, and spruce-fir forest, as well as increases in non-forest areas and aboveground biomass declines ? Reduced abundance of riparian vegetation that tolerates water inundation ? Increasing invasive plant distribution and abundance, favoring their establishment and productivity ? Colonization of the GGCL by some bird species and extirpation of others ? Increasing non-native fish populations relative to native fishes ? Declining butterfly populations ? Increasing temperatures will increase visitation, especially during winter and shoulder seasons ? Exacerbation of existing threats to archeological resources, cultural landscapes, and historic structures, as well as emergent vulnerabilities related to climate change One goal of this work is to support the Resource Stewardship Strategy (RSS) process that Grand Canyon National Park plans to undertake. We anticipate that connecting the climate changes described here to the climate sensitivities of resources within the park will play a critical role in setting goals and strategies during development of the RSS, as well as proactively adapting to anticipated changes.
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Freeman, Stanley, Russell Rodriguez, Adel Al-Abed, Roni Cohen, David Ezra, and Regina Redman. Use of fungal endophytes to increase cucurbit plant performance by conferring abiotic and biotic stress tolerance. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7613893.bard.
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Major threats to agricultural sustainability in the 21st century are drought, increasing temperatures, soil salinity and soilborne pathogens, all of which are being exacerbated by climate change and pesticide abolition and are burning issues related to agriculture in the Middle East. We have found that Class 2 fungal endophytes adapt native plants to environmental stresses (drought, heat and salt) in a habitat-specific manner, and that these endophytes can confer stress tolerance to genetically distant monocot and eudicot hosts. In the past, we generated a uv non-pathogenic endophytic mutant of Colletotrichum magna (path-1) that colonized cucurbits, induced drought tolerance and enhanced growth, and protected 85% - 100% against disease caused by certain pathogenic fungi. We propose: 1) utilizing path-1 and additional endophtyic microorganisms to be isolated from stress-tolerant local, wild cucurbit watermelon, Citrulluscolocynthis, growing in the Dead Sea and Arava desert areas, 2) generate abiotic and biotic tolerant melon crop plants, colonized by the isolated endophytes, to increase crop yields under extreme environmental conditions such as salinity, heat and drought stress, 3) manage soilborne fungal pathogens affecting curubit crop species growing in the desert areas. This is a unique and novel "systems" approach that has the potential to utilize natural plant adaptation for agricultural development. We envisage that endophyte-colonized melons will eventually be used to overcome damages caused by soilborne diseases and also for cultivation of this crop, under stress conditions, utilizing treated waste water, thus dealing with the limited resource of fresh water.
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Haberland, Nicole, Erica Chong, and Hillary J. Bracken. A world apart: The disadvantage and social isolation of married adolescent girls. Population Council, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy22.1010.
Full textAbstract:
This brief is based on a paper prepared for the WHO/UNFPA/Population Council Technical Consultation on Married Adolescents, held in Geneva, Switzerland, December 9–12, 2003. The consultation brought together experts from the United Nations, donors, and nongovernmental agencies to consider the evidence regarding married adolescent girls’ reproductive health, vulnerability to HIV infection, social and economic disadvantage, and rights. The relationships to major policy initiatives—including safe motherhood, HIV, adolescent sexual and reproductive health, and reproductive rights—were explored, and emerging findings from the still relatively rare programs that are directed at this population were discussed. Despite the program attention and funding that have been devoted to adolescents, early marriage and married adolescents have fallen largely outside of the field’s concern. Comprising the majority of sexually active adolescent girls in developing countries, this large and vulnerable subpopulation has received neither program and policy consideration in the adolescent sexual and reproductive health field, nor special attention from reproductive health and development programs for adult women. While adolescent girls, irrespective of marital status, are vulnerable in many settings and deserve program, policy, and resource support, the purpose of this brief is to describe the distinctive and often disadvantaged situations of married girls and to propose possible future policy and program options.
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Muldavin, Esteban, Yvonne Chauvin, Teri Neville, Hannah Varani, Jacqueline Smith, Paul Neville, and Tani Hubbard. A vegetation classi?cation and map: Guadalupe Mountains National Park. National Park Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2302855.
Full textAbstract:
A vegetation classi?cation and map for Guadalupe Mountains National Park (NP) is presented as part of the National Park Service Inventory & Monitoring - Vegetation Inventory Program to classify, describe, and map vegetation communities in more than 280 national park units across the United States. Guadalupe Mountains NP lies in far west Texas and contains the highest point in the state, Guadalupe Peak (8,751 ft; 2,667 m). The mountain escarpments descend some 5,000 ft (1,500 m) to the desert basins below forming a complex geologic landscape that supports vegetation communities ranging from montane coniferous forests down to desert grasslands and scrub. Following the US National Vegetation Classi?cation (USNVC) standard, we identi?ed 129 plant associations hierarchically tiered under 29 groups and 17 macrogroups, making it one of the most ecologically diverse National Park Service units in the southwestern United States. An aspect that adds to this diversity is that the park supports communities that extend southward from the Rocky Mountains (?ve macrogroups) and Great Plains (one macrogroup) and northward from the Chihuahuan Desert (two macrogroups) and Sierra Madre Orientale of Mexico (three macrogroups). The remaining six macrogroups are found in the Great Basin (one macrogroup), and throughout the southwestern United States (remaining ?ve macrogroups). Embedded in this matrix are gypsum dunelands and riparian zones and wetlands that add further complexity. We describe in detail this vegetation classi?cation, which is based on 540 vegetation plots collected between 2006 and 2010. Full descriptions and diagnostic keys to the plant associations along with an overall plant species list are provided as appendices. Based on the vegetation classi?cation and associated plot data, the vegetation map was developed using a combined strategy of automated digital object-oriented image classi?cation and direct-analog image interpretation of four-band National Agricultural Imagery Program (NAIP) aerial photography from 2004 and 2008 and Landsat Thematic Mapper satellite imagery. The map is designed to facilitate ecologically-based natural resource management at a 1:24,000 scale with 0.5-ha minimum map unit size. The map legend is hierarchically structured: the upper Level 1 consists of 16 map units corresponding in most cases to the USNVC group level, and an additional map unit describing built-up land and agriculture; Level 2 is composed of 48 nested map units re?ecting various combinations of plant associations. A ?eld-based accuracy assessment using 341 vegetation plots revealed a Level 1 overall accuracy of 79% with 90% CI of 74?84% and 68% with 90% CI of 59?76% at Level 2. An annotated legend with summary descriptions of the units, distribution maps, aerial photo examples of map unit polygons, and representative photos are provided in Appendix D. Large wall-size poster maps at 1:35,000 scale were also produced following NPS cartographic standards. The report, plot data, and spatial layers are available at National Park Service Vegetation Mapping Program https://www.nps.gov/im/vegetation-inventory.htm). Outcomes from this project provide the most detailed vegetation classi?cation and highest resolution mapping for Guadalupe Mountains NP to date to support many uses including ?re, recreation, vegetation, and wildlife management, among others. The upper Level 1 map is particularly suited to landscape-scale, park-wide planning and linkages to its sister park, Carlsbad Caverns NP. The Level 2 mapping provides added detail for use at a more localized project scale. The overall accuracy of the maps was good, but because Guadalupe Mountains NP is primarily wilderness park, there were logistical challenges to map development and testing in remote areas that should be considered in planning management actions. In this context, some map units would bene?t from further development and accuracy assessment. In particular, a higher resolution mapping of McKittrick Creek riparian habitat at 1:6,000 scale or ?ner is recommended for this important habitat in the park. In addition, developing a structural canopy height model from LiDAR imagery would be useful to more accurately quantify woody canopy density and height to support ?re management and other habitat management issues. With respect to understanding vegetation dynamics in this time of rapid environmental change, the 540 vegetation plots themselves are su?ciently georeferenced and have the data resolution to be useful in detecting change at the decadal scales across much of the park. To this end, an additional recommendation would be to install more plots to ?ll the gaps among the main vegetation units of the park, both spatially and thematically. Overall, the Vegetation and Classi?cation Map for Guadalupe Mountains NP will support the park?s management e?orts and enhance regional understanding of vegetation and ecology of ecosystems of the southwestern United States.
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Basco, Ana Inés. Techno-integration of Latin America: institutions, exponential trade, and equality in the era of algorithms. Inter-American Development Bank, November 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010684.
Full textAbstract:
As part of a Regional Public Good (BPR), 20,200 Latin Americans from 18 countries were interviewed on issues of integration, democracy, equity, environment, technology, and innovation. In a world where globalization is being strongly questioned, particularly among developed countries, it is concluded that Latin Americans are very committed to regional integration. The integration process is challenged by the complexity implied by a heterogeneous regional structure with important differences between countries and within them. The differences are many, ranging from income distribution, productive specialization, the weight of their economies in the regional GDP, belonging to different trade blocs, the preference for certain partners at the time of closer ties, exposure and vulnerability to climate change, to the degree of penetration of ICTs. However, this study shows that there is a common agenda that must be addressed and that can set the pace of regional integration. Social convergence is observed not only in the high support for regional integration and in the existence of an unsatisfied demand for integration, but also in the desire of people to live in a more equitable society, responsible in the use of their natural resources, committed to the fight against climate change and the free movement of people, connected through ICTs and universal access to the Internet, with better quality of democratic institutions, and with greater citizen participation in the decision making process of government and justice. Since this is the agenda for development and regional integration, the opportunity offered by ICTs cannot be overlooked, both in the construction of a subject with a critical conscience, capable of visualizing the problems that afflict it, as well as in its powerful potential to strengthen trade links between countries, strengthen democracy and enhance the development of the region.