Journal articles: 'Desert soil'

1

Amit, Rivka, Yehouda Enzel, Tamir Grodek, Onn Crouvi, Naomi Porat, and Avner Ayalon. "The role of rare rainstorms in the formation of calcic soil horizons on alluvial surfaces in extreme deserts." Quaternary Research 74, no. 2 (September 2010): 177–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2010.06.001.

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AbstractSoils in similar geomorphic settings in hyperarid deserts (< 50 mm yr−1) should have similar characteristics because a negative moisture balance controls their development. However, Reg soils in the hyperarid southern Negev and Namib deserts are distinctly different. Soils developed on stable alluvial surfaces with only direct input of rainfall and dust depend heavily on rainfall characteristics. Annual rainfall amount can be similar (15–30 mm), but storm duration can drastically alter Reg soil properties in deserts. The cooler fall/winter and dry hot summers of the southern Negev Desert with a predominance brief (≤ 1 day) rainstorms result in gypsic-saline soils without any calcic soil horizon. Although the Namib Desert receives only 50–60% of the southern Negev annual rainfall, its rainstorm duration is commonly 2–4 days. This improves leaching of the top soil under even lower annual rainfall amount and results in weeks-long grass cover. The long-term cumulative effect of these rare rain-grass relationships produces a calcic-gypsic-saline soil. The development of these different kinds of desert soils highlights the importance of daily to seasonal rainfall characteristics in influencing soil-moisture regime in deserts, and has important implications for the use of key desert soil properties as proxies in paleoclimatology.

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Li, Sheng Yu, Jia Qiang Lei, Xin Wen Xu, Hai Feng Wang, and Feng Gu. "Dust Source of Sandstorm in the Tarim Basin, Northwest China." Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (May 2012): 4592–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.4592.

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Dust supply is important to sandstorm occurrence as well as wind regime. Dust supply is closely related to groundsurface conditions showed by these index soil physical composition, soil moisture, vegetation cover, human activities. The physical conditions of groundsurface in the Tarim basin is distributed in a ringlike pattern. From edge to hinterland, there are various landscapes in turn as follow: mountains, piedmont pluvial and alluvial fans and plains and shifting desert. At the same time, in this turn, different types of soil has been developed there: brown desert soil, ancient oasis cultivated soil (anthropogenic-alluvial soil), swamp soil, desert forest meadow soil, paddy soil, saline soil, takyr soil, shifting sandy soil, and so on. Through comprehensive analysis, some conclusions were drew as the follow: (1)shifting deserts are the major dust source of sandstorm occurred in the hinterland and the south fringe of the Taklimakan Desert; (2)cultivated soils are another dust source of sandstorm occurred in oasis areas disturbed by high-intensity human activities; (3) gobi deserts in upper of piedmont pluvial and alluvial fans and desert forest areas on alluvial plains are the potential dust sources with high dust-emitting ability that can be activiated by human activities.

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Pankova, Ye I., and M. V. Konyushkova. "The effect of global warming on soil salinity in arid regions." Dokuchaev Soil Bulletin, no. 71 (June 30, 2013): 3–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.19047/0136-1694-2013-71-3-15.

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The comparison of modern climatic conditions and soil salinity in subboreal deserts of Middle Asia (Turanian plain) and Central Asia (Gobi deserts) shows that climate has an effect on salinity of hydromorphic soils. From the other hand, the distribution and degree of salinity of automorphic desert soils are predominantly governed by the distribution of salt-bearing rocks inherited from the previous geologic stages and are not related directly to the modern aridity. This fact allows us to state that the global warming will not promote salinization of automorphic soils of arid regions, except for the soils subjected to aeolian salinization. Climate aridification will provoke soil salinization in hydromorphic conditions.

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Cao, Chengliang, Tangyu Xu, Jinjuan Liu, Xiaorui Cai, Yong Sun, Sheng Qin, Jihong Jiang, and Ying Huang. "Actinomadura deserti sp. nov., isolated from desert soil." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 68, no. 9 (September 1, 2018): 2930–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.002922.

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Kong, Xiang-Kun, Dian Chen, Jun-Wei Huang, Xiao-Kun Cheng, and Jian-Dong Jiang. "Chitinophaga deserti sp. nov., isolated from desert soil." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 69, no. 6 (June 1, 2019): 1783–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.003395.

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Sun, Ji-Quan, Xin-Ying Wang, Li-Juan Wang, Lian Xu, Min Liu, and Xiao-Lei Wu. "Saccharibacillus deserti sp. nov., isolated from desert soil." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 66, no. 2 (February 1, 2016): 623–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.000766.

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Yan, Zheng-Fei, Pei Lin, Kyung-Hwa Won, Jung-Eun Yang, Chang-Tian Li, MooChang Kook, and Tae-Hoo Yi. "Altererythrobacter deserti sp. nov., isolated from desert soil." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 67, no. 10 (October 1, 2017): 3806–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.002197.

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Khan, Inam Ullah, Firasat Hussain, Neeli Habib, Mohammed A. M. Wadaan, Iftikhar Ahmed, Wan-Taek Im, Wael N. Hozzein, Xiao-Yang Zhi, and Wen-Jun Li. "Phenylobacterium deserti sp. nov., isolated from desert soil." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 67, no. 11 (November 1, 2017): 4722–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.002366.

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Shenbrot, GI, KA Rogovin, and EJ Heske. "Comparison of Niche-Packing and Community Organization in Desert Rodents in Asia and North-America." Australian Journal of Zoology 42, no. 4 (1994): 479. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9940479.

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We compared patterns of species diversity, locomotory morphology, feeding modes, and spatial organisation for rodent communities in four Asian deserts (Kyzylkum, Gobi, ?Thar, Negev) and one North American (Chihuahuan) desert. Deserts were similar in gamma and alpha diversity. A positive relationship between regional species diversity (and biomass) and mean annual precipitation was found. The Asian deserts showed a greater degree of divergence and specialisation between bipedal and quadrupedal forms. The range of feeding modes was similar in deserts on both continents, but the Negev was the only Asian desert in which granivory was as important as in the Chihuahuan. Temperate Asian desert rodents were organised into spatial guilds, separated primarily by characteristics of the soil and perennial vegetation. North American desert rodent species overlapped more extensively in habitat use. The similarities and differences between these deserts can be explained by their biogeographic histories.

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Vasar, Martti, John Davison, Siim-Kaarel Sepp, Maarja Öpik, Mari Moora, Kadri Koorem, Yiming Meng, et al. "Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Communities in the Soils of Desert Habitats." Microorganisms 9, no. 2 (January 22, 2021): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9020229.

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Deserts cover a significant proportion of the Earth’s surface and continue to expand as a consequence of climate change. Mutualistic arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are functionally important plant root symbionts, and may be particularly important in drought stressed systems such as deserts. Here we provide a first molecular characterization of the AM fungi occurring in several desert ecosystems worldwide. We sequenced AM fungal DNA from soil samples collected from deserts in six different regions of the globe using the primer pair WANDA-AML2 with Illumina MiSeq. We recorded altogether 50 AM fungal phylotypes. Glomeraceae was the most common family, while Claroideoglomeraceae, Diversisporaceae and Acaulosporaceae were represented with lower frequency and abundance. The most diverse site, with 35 virtual taxa (VT), was in the Israeli Negev desert. Sites representing harsh conditions yielded relatively few reads and low richness estimates, for example, a Saudi Arabian desert site where only three Diversispora VT were recorded. The AM fungal taxa recorded in the desert soils are mostly geographically and ecologically widespread. However, in four sites out of six, communities comprised more desert-affiliated taxa (according to the MaarjAM database) than expected at random. AM fungal VT present in samples were phylogenetically clustered compared with the global taxon pool, suggesting that nonrandom assembly processes, notably habitat filtering, may have shaped desert fungal assemblages.

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Feng, Wei, Yu-qing Zhang, Bin Wu, Tian-shan Zha, Xin Jia, Shu-gao Qin, Chen-xi Shao, Jia-bin Liu, Zong-rui Lai, and Ke-yu Fa. "Influence of Disturbance on Soil Respiration in Biologically Crusted Soil during the Dry Season." Scientific World Journal 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/408560.

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Soil respiration (Rs) is a major pathway for carbon cycling and is a complex process involving abiotic and biotic factors. Biological soil crusts (BSCs) are a key biotic component of desert ecosystems worldwide. In desert ecosystems, soils are protected from surface disturbance by BSCs, but it is unknown whether Rs is affected by disturbance of this crust layer. We measured Rs in three types of disturbed and undisturbed crusted soils (algae, lichen, and moss), as well as bare land from April to August, 2010, in Mu Us desert, northwest China. Rs was similar among undisturbed soils but increased significantly in disturbed moss and algae crusted soils. The variation of Rs in undisturbed and disturbed soil was related to soil bulk density. Disturbance also led to changes in soil organic carbon and fine particles contents, including declines of 60–70% in surface soil C and N, relative to predisturbance values. Once BSCs were disturbed,Q10increased. Our findings indicate that a loss of BSCs cover will lead to greater soil C loss through respiration. Given these results, understanding the disturbance sensitivity impact on Rs could be helpful to modify soil management practices which promote carbon sequestration.

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Whitford, Walter G., and Yosef Steinberger. "Chihuahuan Desert Soil Biota." Open Journal of Ecology 11, no. 09 (2021): 581–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/oje.2021.119037.

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13

Zablocki, Olivier, Evelien M. Adriaenssens, and Don Cowan. "Diversity and Ecology of Viruses in Hyperarid Desert Soils." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 82, no. 3 (November 20, 2015): 770–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02651-15.

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ABSTRACTIn recent years, remarkable progress has been made in the field of virus environmental ecology. In marine ecosystems, for example, viruses are now thought to play pivotal roles in the biogeochemical cycling of nutrients and to be mediators of microbial evolution through horizontal gene transfer. The diversity and ecology of viruses in soils are poorly understood, but evidence supports the view that the diversity and ecology of viruses in soils differ substantially from those in aquatic systems. Desert biomes cover ∼33% of global land masses, and yet the diversity and roles of viruses in these dominant ecosystems remain poorly understood. There is evidence that hot hyperarid desert soils are characterized by high levels of bacterial lysogens and low extracellular virus counts. In contrast, cold desert soils contain high extracellular virus titers. We suggest that the prevalence of microbial biofilms in hyperarid soils, combined with extreme thermal regimens, exerts strong selection pressures on both temperate and virulent viruses. Many desert soil virus sequences show low values of identity to virus genomes in public databases, suggesting the existence of distinct and as-yet-uncharacterized soil phylogenetic lineages (e.g., cyanophages). We strongly advocate for amplification-free metavirome analyses while encouraging the classical isolation of phages from dominant and culturable microbial isolates in order to populate sequence databases. This review provides an overview of recent advances in the study of viruses in hyperarid soils and of the factors that contribute to viral abundance and diversity in hot and cold deserts and offers technical recommendations for future studies.

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Emmerton, C. A., V. L. St. Louis, I. Lehnherr, E. R. Humphreys, E. Rydz, and H. R. Kosolofski. "The net exchange of methane with high Arctic landscapes during the summer growing season." Biogeosciences Discussions 11, no. 1 (January 28, 2014): 1673–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-11-1673-2014.

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Abstract. High Arctic landscapes are essentially vast cold deserts interspersed with streams, ponds and wetlands. These landscapes may be important consumers and sources of the greenhouse gas methane (CH4), though few measurements exist from this region. To quantify the flux of CH4 (FCH4) between the atmosphere and desert and wetland landscapes on northern Ellesmere Island, Canada, we made static chamber measurements at both locations over five growing seasons and eddy covariance (EC) measurements at the wetland in 2012. Chamber measurements revealed that desert soils consumed CH4 (−1.37 ± 0.10 mg-CH4 m−2 d−1) whereas the wetland emitted CH4 (&plus;0.22 ± 0.19 mg-CH4 m−2 d−1). Desert CH4 consumption rates were positively correlated with soil temperature among years, and were similar to temperate locations, likely because of suitable landscape conditions for soil gas diffusion. Wetland FCH4 varied closely with stream discharge entering the wetland and hence extent of soil saturation. Landscape-scale FCH4 measured by EC was +1.27± 0.18 mg-CH4 m−2 d−1 and varied with soil temperature and carbon dioxide flux. FCH4 measured using EC was higher than using chambers because EC incorporated a arger, more saturated footprint of the wetland. Using EC FCH4 and quantifying the mass of CH4 entering and exiting the wetland in stream water, we determined that methanogenisis within wetland soils was the dominant source of FCH4. Low FCH4 at the wetland was likely due to a shallow organic soil layer, and thus limited carbon resources for methanogens. Considering the prevalence of dry soils in the high Arctic, our results suggest that these landscapes cannot be overlooked as important consumers of atmospheric CH4.

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Mamut, Jannathan, Cai-Yun Zhang, Dun-Yan Tan, Carol C. Baskin, and Jerry M. Baskin. "Versatility in the timing of seed germination of the cold desert herbaceous perennial Leontice incerta (Berberidaceae)." Seed Science Research 30, no. 1 (March 2020): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960258520000100.

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AbstractOnly a few studies have been performed on seed germination of perennial ephemeral species native to the cold deserts of central Asia. We hypothesized that seeds of the cold desert perennial ephemeral Leontice incerta exhibit versatility in the timing of germination, that is, having the capacity to germinate at any time in summer, autumn and next spring. At dispersal in late May, only about 30% of the seeds could germinate; thus, a high percentage of the seeds was dormant. Seeds had a fully developed embryo, and dry storage, cold stratification, warm stratification and gibberellin promoted germination; we concluded that they have non-deep physiological dormancy. Seeds buried under natural conditions during summer germinated to 57–86% in autumn (late October) when exhumed and incubated at 5/2–25/15°C. However, seeds were sown in soil exposed to natural temperature and (low) precipitation did not germinate until next spring when the soil was moist. Thus, like various cold desert annuals, seeds of the perennial L. incerta can germinate in summer, autumn and next spring, depending on the availability of soil moisture (rainfall). Rainfall in cold deserts can play an important role in shaping seed germination traits of desert plants.

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Emmerton, C. A., V. L. St. Louis, I. Lehnherr, E. R. Humphreys, E. Rydz, and H. R. Kosolofski. "The net exchange of methane with high Arctic landscapes during the summer growing season." Biogeosciences 11, no. 12 (June 16, 2014): 3095–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-3095-2014.

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Abstract. High Arctic landscapes are essentially vast cold deserts interspersed with streams, ponds and wetlands. These landscapes may be important consumers and sources of the greenhouse gas methane (CH4), though few measurements exist from this region. To quantify the flux of CH4 (FCH4) between the atmosphere and high Arctic landscapes on northern Ellesmere Island, Canada, we made static chamber measurements over five and three growing seasons at a desert and wetland, respectively, and eddy covariance (EC) measurements at a wetland in 2012. Chamber measurements revealed that, during the growing season, desert soils consumed CH4 (−1.37 &pm; 0.06 mg-CH4 m−2 d−1), whereas the wetland margin emitted CH4 (+0.22 ± 0.14 mg-CH4 m−2 d−1). Desert CH4 consumption rates were positively associated with soil temperature among years, and were similar to temperate locations, likely because of suitable landscape conditions for soil gas diffusion. Wetland FCH4 varied closely with stream discharge entering the wetland and hence extent of soil saturation. Landscape-scale FCH4 measured by EC was +1.27 ± 0.18 mg-CH4 m−2 d−1 and varied with soil temperature and carbon dioxide flux. FCH4 measured using EC was higher than using chambers because EC measurements incorporated a larger, more saturated footprint of the wetland. Using EC FCH4 and quantifying the mass of CH4 entering and exiting the wetland in stream water, we determined that methanogenesis within wetland soils was the dominant source of FCH4. Low FCH4 at the wetland was likely due to a shallow organic soil layer, and thus limited carbon resources for methanogens. Considering the prevalence of dry soils in the high Arctic, our results suggest that these landscapes cannot be overlooked as important consumers of atmospheric CH4.

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Tuo, Li, Yan-Ping Dong, Xugela Habden, Jia-Meng Liu, Lin Guo, Xian-Fu Liu, Li Chen, et al. "Nocardioides deserti sp. nov., an actinobacterium isolated from desert soil." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 65, Pt_5 (May 1, 2015): 1604–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.000147.

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A rod- or coccus-shaped, non-spore-forming actinobacterium, designated strain SC8A-24T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from the rhizosphere of Alhagi sparsifolia on the southern edge of the Taklimakan desert, Xinjiang, China, and examined by a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. This actinobacterium was Gram-staining-positive and aerobic. Substrate and aerial mycelia were not observed, and no diffusible pigments were observed on the media tested. Strain SC8A-24T grew optimally without NaCl at 28–30 °C and pH 7.0–8.0. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain SC8A-24T belonged to the genus Nocardioides and shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Nocardioides salarius CL-Z59T (96.51 %), N. pyridinolyticus OS4T (96.43 %) and N. ginsengagri BX5-10T (96.37 %). The DNA G+C content of strain SC8A-24T was 71 mol%. The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid, and MK-8(H4) was the predominant menaquinone. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified glycolipid and an unidentified phospholipid. The major fatty acids were C17 : 1ω8c, 10-methyl C17 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c. On the basis of phylogenetic analysis and phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain SC8A-24T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides , for which the name Nocardioides deserti sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SC8A-24T ( = DSM 26045T = CGMCC 4.7183T).

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Liu, Jinjuan, Yong Sun, Jinrong Liu, Yunjian Wu, Chengliang Cao, Rongpeng Li, and Jihong Jiang. "Saccharothrix deserti sp. nov., an actinomycete isolated from desert soil." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 70, no. 3 (March 1, 2020): 1882–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.003989.

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A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic actinomycete, designated strain BMP B8144T, was isolated from desert soil, in Xinjiang province, northwest China. The isolate produced scanty aerial mycelium and fragmented substrate mycelium on most tested media. Cell-wall hydrolysates contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, galactose and mannose. The diagnostic phospholipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylhydroxylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, and phosphatidylinositol mannosides. The major fatty acids included iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1 ω8c and iso-C15 : 0. The predominant menaquinones were MK-9(H4) and MK-10(H4). The DNA G+C content was 70.4 mol% (genome). Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis on EzBioCloud server, strain BMP B8144T showed the closest similarities to Saccharothrix lopnurensis YIM LPA2hT (98.9 %) and ‘ Saccharothrix yanglingensis ’ Hhs.015 (98.6 %). However, it can be distinguished from the closest strains based on the low levels of DNA–DNA relatedness (59.3±1.8 and 47.9±2.3 %, respectively). A combination of morphological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics, strain BMP B8144T represents a novel species of the genus Saccharothrix , for which the name Saccharothrix deserti sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is BMP B8144T (=CGMCC 4.7490T=KCTC 49001T).

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Hu, Qing-Wen, Xiao Chu, Min Xiao, Chang-Tian Li, Zheng-Fei Yan, Wael N. Hozzein, Chang-Jin Kim, Xiao-Yang Zhi, and Wen-Jun Li. "Arthrobacter deserti sp. nov., isolated from a desert soil sample." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 66, no. 5 (May 1, 2016): 2035–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.000986.

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Li, Chang-Tian, Zheng-Fei Yan, Xiao Chu, Firasat Hussain, Wen-Dong Xian, Zulfiya Yunus, Wael N. Hozzein, Gulsumay Abaydulla, and Wen-Jun Li. "Delftia deserti sp. nov., isolated from a desert soil sample." Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 107, no. 6 (April 5, 2015): 1445–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10482-015-0440-4.

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Habib, Neeli, Inam Ullah Khan, Xiao Chu, Min Xiao, Shuai Li, Bao-Zhu Fang, Xiao-Yang Zhi, and Wen-Jun Li. "Actinoplanes deserti sp. nov., isolated from a desert soil sample." Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 111, no. 12 (July 4, 2018): 2303–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10482-018-1121-x.

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Su, Yongzhong, Jiuqiang Wang, Rong Yang, Xiao Yang, and Guiping Fan. "Soil texture controls vegetation biomass and organic carbon storage in arid desert grassland in the middle of Hexi Corridor region in Northwest China." Soil Research 53, no. 4 (2015): 366. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr14207.

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Soil texture plays an important role in controlling vegetation production and soil organic carbon (SOC) concentration in arid desert grassland ecosystems. However, little is known about the occurrence and extent of these textural effects in the arid desert grasslands of Northwest China. This study used 160 soil profiles taken from 32 desert grassland sites in similar topographical units (alluvial–diluvial fans) in the middle of Hexi Corridor region of Northwest China to investigate vegetation biomass, SOC storage, and soil texture of seven layers in the top 100 cm of soil. The mean aboveground biomass, below-ground biomass, and total biomass in arid desert grassland were 155.3, 95.3, and 256.3 g m–2, respectively. More than 95% of the below-ground biomass was distributed in the top 30 cm of soil. Spatially, vegetation biomass was positively related to soil clay content and silt + clay content. The mean SOC density in the top 100 cm was 2.94 kg m–2 and ~46.8% of the storage was concentrated in the top 30 cm. SOC concentrations and stocks were positively and significantly related to clay content and silt + clay content in the seven soil layers sampled from the top 100 cm. The soil silt + clay content explained 42–79% of the variation in SOC stocks in the different soil depths. In conclusion, soil texture appears to be an important control on vegetation productivity and SOC capacity in arid Hexi Corridor desert grassland soils.

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Whitford, Walter G., Douglas Schaefer, and Wendy Wisdom. "Soil Movement by Desert Ants." Southwestern Naturalist 31, no. 2 (May 22, 1986): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3670582.

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NORTH, GRETCHEN B., and PARK S. NOBEL. "Root-soil contact for the desert succulent Agave deserti in wet and drying soil." New Phytologist 135, no. 1 (January 1997): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-8137.1997.00620.x.

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Bay, Sean, Belinda Ferrari, and Chris Greening. "Life without water: how do bacteria generate biomass in desert ecosystems?" Microbiology Australia 39, no. 1 (2018): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ma18008.

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Many of the world's most arid deserts harbour surprisingly diverse communities of heterotrophic bacteria. These organisms persist in surface soils under extreme climatic conditions, despite lacking obvious energy inputs from phototrophic primary producers. A longstanding conundrum has been how these communities sustain enough energy to maintain their diversity and biomass. We recently helped to resolve this conundrum by demonstrating that some desert communities are structured by a minimalistic mode of chemosynthetic primary production, where atmospheric trace gases, not sunlight, serve as the main energy sources. These findings are supported by pure culture studies that suggest atmospheric trace gases are dependable energy sources for the long-term survival of dormant soil bacteria. We predict that atmospheric trace gases may be a major energy source for desert ecosystems worldwide.

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Cheng, Liang, Xin Wang, and Qingyun Guo. "Pyrosequencing investigation into the bacterial communities in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau soils associated with soil characteristic factors." Icelandic Agricultural Sciences 33 (2020): 57–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.16886/ias.2020.06.

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The Qinghai Tibet Plateau (QTP) is one of the most important regions of the earth’s ecosystem that is vulnerable to climate and human activities due to its complex climate and terrain. However, knowledge about soil bacterial communities and their effect on the ecosystem within the QTP environments is still scarce. Metagenomic approaches on the structure and diversity of bacterial communities and their relationship with the environment from eighteen selected sites of the five major QTP ecosystems (gray-cinnamon soils, chernozems, castanozems, mountain meadow soils, gray desert soils) are presented in this paper. The dominant bacterial phyla in five type soils were Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria, whereas Actinobacteria and Chloroflexi predominated in gray desert soils. The bacteria diversity in castanozeras and mountain meadow soils was significantly higher than that of the other three soil types (P < 0.05). Phylogenetic diversity in gray desert soil was significantly lower than that of other four soil types (P < 0.05). Phylotype richness was the lowest in gray-cinnamon soils. There were significant correlations between the phylotype richness and soil moisture (r = -0.578) and potassium (r = -0.529). Phylogenetic diversity (PD) was significantly correlated with total organic carbon (r = -0.548). The redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that the diversity and composition in the bacterial communities differed greatly among the five soil types and that they were closely correlated with the soil moisture, soil organic carbon and potassium. These results indicated that the bacterial community structures of QTP soils were obviously influenced by soil characteristics and soil environmental characteristics and provided a theoretical basis for the optimal management and sustainable utilization of the QTP soil ecosystem, which is of great significance.

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Vonshak, Ahuva, Menachem Y. Sklarz, Ann M. Hirsch, and Osnat Gillor. "Perennials but not slope aspect affect the diversity of soil bacterial communities in the northern Negev Desert, Israel." Soil Research 56, no. 2 (2018): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr17010.

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Underneath the canopy of perennials in arid regions, moderate soil temperature and evaporation, as well as plant litter create islands of higher fertility in the low-productivity landscape, known as ‘resource islands’. The sparse distribution of these resource islands is mirrored by soil microbial communities, which mediate a large number of biogeochemical transformations underneath the plants. We explored the link between the bacterial community composition and two prevalent desert shrubs, Zygophyllum dumosum and Artemisia herba-alba, on northern- and southern-facing slopes in the northern highlands of the Negev Desert (Israel), at the end of a drought winter mild rainy season. We sequenced the bacterial community and analysed the physicochemical properties of the soil under the shrub canopies and from barren soil in replicate slopes. The soil bacterial diversity was independent of slope aspect, but differed according to shrub presence or type. Links between soil bacterial community composition and their associated desert shrubs were found, enabling us to link bacterial diversity with shrub type or barren soils. Our results suggest that plants and their associated bacterial communities are connected to survival and persistence under the harsh desert conditions.

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Kerley, GIH, and WG Whitford. "Desert-Dwelling Small Mammals as Granivores - Intercontinental Variations." Australian Journal of Zoology 42, no. 4 (1994): 543. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9940543.

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Deserts are, by definition, environmentally similar, and this has lead to hypotheses of convergence in the properties of desert biotic communities as well as the components of these communities. There is considerable evidence for convergence in some characteristics of desert biota, ranging from plant growth forms to the well-known bipedal, nocturnal rodents. One area that has received considerable attention has been granivory by desert rodents, largely because of the effort focused on the North American desert heteromyids, and also because the process of granivory has far-reaching ramifications for desert plant communities. Specific tests for convergence in the impact of rodents as granivores, by means of bait-removal experiments, however, have shown that the high levels of seed removal by rodents in the North American deserts differs from that of rodents in the South American, Australian and South African deserts, where ants are the most important seed harvesters. The only studies to measure the impact of rodents on desert seed fluxes confirm these patterns, with rodents consuming up to 86% of seed production in North American deserts, but less than 1% of seed production in South African deserts. A review of dietary data for desert rodents confirms these trends, with little evidence for the presence of granivores in deserts besides those of North America. A variety of hypotheses have attempted to explain these variations in desert rodent granivory. These include recent extinctions of granivores, that seed burial, low soil nutrients and/or limiting seed production prevented the radiation of granivorous small mammals, and that particular deserts are too young or too recently colonised by rodents for granivorous rodents to have evolved. However, none of these hypotheses are supported by available evidence. Alternative hypotheses suggesting that climate variability may have precluded the development of specialised granivores need to be tested. In particular, more data are needed to confirm these patterns of granivory, and gain an understanding of the effects of Pleistocene and recent desert climate variability on seed production. An alternative perspective suggests that the presence of the heteromyid rodents may explain the high levels of granivory by small mammals in North American deserts. The variability in granivory by small mammals between deserts suggests that deserts will also differ in terms of anti-granivore adaptations of plants, seed fluxes and the mechanisms whereby small mammals coexist.

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Ye, Jing-Jing, Shao-Wei Liu, Qin-Pei Lu, Mohsin Tassawar Cheema, Muhammad Abbas, Imran Sajid, Da-Lin Huang, and Cheng-Hang Sun. "Arthrobacter mobilis sp. nov., a novel actinobacterium isolated from Cholistan desert soil." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 70, no. 10 (October 1, 2020): 5445–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.004431.

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A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, non-mycelium-forming, motile, rod-shaped with one polar flagellum actinobacterium, designated E918T, was isolated from a desert soil collected in Cholistan desert, Pakistan. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain E918T belonged to the genus Arthrobacter and was most closely related to Arthrobacter deserti CGMCC 1.15091T (97.2 % similarity). The peptidoglycan was of the A3α type and the whole-cell sugar profile was found to contain galactose. The major menaquinone was MK-9(H2). The polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and two unidentified glycolipids. The major fatty acids identified were anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 68.69 mol%. The digital DNA–DNA hybridization and average nucleotide identity values between strain E918T and A. deserti CGMCC 1.15091T were 28.0 and 83.4%, respectively. On the basis of its phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic features, strain E918T was considered to represent a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter , for which the name Arthrobacter mobilis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Arthrobacter mobilis is E918T (=JCM 33392T=CGMCC 1.16978T).

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Wang, Qinghai, Chao Chen, Zhuo Pang, Cui Li, Dejun Wang, Qingcheng Ma, and Juying Wu. "The role of the locoweed (Astragalus variabilis Bunge) in improving the soil properties of desert grasslands." Rangeland Journal 43, no. 1 (2021): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj20028.

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Astragalus variabilis Bunge is a widespread locoweed that threatens livestock production in desert grassland. No research has reported its possible ecological functions due to focus being on its negative effect on livestock production. This study aimed to assess the effects of A. variabilis on soil properties and its possible role in improving soil quality in desert grassland. Soil samples were collected in Astragalus patches and the adjacent bare patches over two successive growing seasons in Alxa desert grassland where A. variabilis was favoured to spread. Soil properties including texture, water content, dry bulk density, porosity, available nutrients, organic matter, and soil microbial biomass were determined at 15 study sites. There was no significant difference in soil texture between Astragalus-dominant and bare patches; but organic matter (OM), available N and P, and microbial biomass in surface soil (0–30cm) were significantly higher in Astragalus patches. Furthermore, microbial biomass showed a significantly positive correlation with available nutrients and OM. Levels of water soluble salt were significantly lower in A. variabilis surface soils under drought conditions. Results suggested that A. variabilis was associated with some positive changes in soil properties, and was potentially important in improving soil chemical and microbial properties in desert grassland ecosystems. Consequently, total elimination of locoweed should not necessarily be considered the best solution to locoweed poisoning in livestock.

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Tashkuziev, M. M., T. T. Berdiev, S. K. Ochilov, and O. G. Karabekov. "Agrotechnology of Soil Enrichment with Organic Substance in the System of Crops of Cotton Crop Rotation." Alinteri Journal of Agricultural Sciences 36, no. 1 (March 10, 2021): 131–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.47059/alinteri/v36i1/ajas21019.

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The article deals with the issues of the state of soil fertility in the serozem and desert zones of the Republic of Uzbekistan, provides the results of research on the application of agricultural technology aimed at improving the basic properties of the soil, enriching it with organic matter and plant nutrients, and increasing the productivity of cotton crops. The developed and applied agricultural technologies for improving the properties of soils in the serozem zone and modifying them for soils in the desert zone, as well as for soils subject to secondary salinization, are described.

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Lin, Pei, Zheng-Fei Yan, Chang-Tian Li, MooChang Kook, Qi-Jun Wang, and Tae-Hoo Yi. "Chryseomicrobium deserti sp. nov., isolated from desert soil in South Korea." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 67, no. 10 (October 1, 2017): 4126–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.002264.

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Santhanam, Rakesh, Chinyere K. Okoro, Xiaoying Rong, Ying Huang, Alan T. Bull, Barbara A. Andrews, Juan A. Asenjo, Hang-Yeon Weon, and Michael Goodfellow. "Streptomyces deserti sp. nov., isolated from hyper-arid Atacama Desert soil." Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 101, no. 3 (November 12, 2011): 575–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10482-011-9672-0.

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Guo, Zhongsheng. "Soil Hydrology Process and Rational Use of Soil Water in Desert Regions." Water 13, no. 17 (August 29, 2021): 2377. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13172377.

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There is a balanced plant–water relationship in the original vegetation in the desert area. With the increase in the population and social development of the desert area, people need the goods and services of the forest vegetation ecosystem. To meet the growing demand for plant community goods and services, more original vegetation has been changed into non-native vegetation, such as in the Loess Plateau in China. However, with the plant growth, sometime soil drying happens and becomes gradually serious with time in most desert regions. Serious drying of soil eventually results in soil quality degradation, vegetation decline, and crop failure, which influence the produce and supply of forest vegetation goods and services in the market in dry years or waste of soil water resources in wet years, which wastes precious natural resources. In order to use soil water rationally, soil water must be used in a sustainable way and the plant–water relationship has to be regulated for the Soil Water carrying capacity for vegetation in the key period of plant–water relationship regulation to carry out a sustainable use of natural resources, high-quality sustainable development of forest and grass, and high-quality production of fruit and crops in desert regions.

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Raveh-Amit, Hadas, and Michael Tsesarsky. "Biostimulation in Desert Soils for Microbial-Induced Calcite Precipitation." Applied Sciences 10, no. 8 (April 23, 2020): 2905. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10082905.

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Microbial-induced calcite precipitation (MICP) is a soil amelioration technique aiming to mitigate different environmental and engineering concerns, including desertification, soil erosion, and soil liquefaction, among others. The hydrolysis of urea, catalyzed by the microbial enzyme urease, is considered the most efficient microbial pathway for MICP. Biostimulated MICP relies on the enhancement of indigenous urea-hydrolyzing bacteria by providing an appropriate enrichment and precipitation medium, as opposed to bioaugmentation, which requires introducing large volumes of exogenous bacterial cultures into the treated soil along with a growth and precipitation medium. Biostimulated MICP in desert soils is challenging as the total carbon content and the bacterial abundance are considerably low. In this study, we examined the biostimulation potential in soils from the Negev Desert, Israel, for the purpose of mitigation of topsoil erosion in arid environments. Incubating soil samples in urea and enrichment media demonstrated effective urea hydrolysis leading to pH increase, which is necessary for calcite precipitation. Biostimulation rates were found to increase with concentrations of energy (carbon) source in the stimulation media, reaching its maximal levels within 3 to 6 days. Following stimulation, calcium carbonate precipitation was induced by spiking stimulated bacteria in precipitation (CaCl2 enriched) media. The results of our research demonstrate that biostimulated MICP is feasible in the low-carbon, mineral soils of the northern Negev Desert in Israel.

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Wang, Yonggang, Shengcai Dou, Qingfang Zhang, Abdolghaffar Ebadi, Jixiang Chen, and Mohsen Toughani. "Bacterial Separation and Community Diversity Analysis of Petroleum Contaminated Soil in Yumen Oilfield." Revista de Chimie 71, no. 3 (April 3, 2020): 595–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.20.3.8035.

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The problem of environmental pollution caused by the development and use of petroleum is increasingly obvious, which is a serious threat to human health. The use of microbial degradation to treat oil pollution is one of the environmentally effective, economical and practical methods.In order to explore the soil microbial diversity in the desert area of Northwest China, this paper analyzes the soil bacterial diversity of soil samples collected from different oil-contaminated areas in Yumen Oilfield for the oil pollution problem in the Yumen Oilfield in the northwest desert area, and selects the high efficiency through pure culture technology. Petroleum degradation bacteria, and research on the biological characteristics of degrading bacteria. The composition, abundance and diversity of bacterial communities in oil-contaminated soil in Yumen Oilfield were analyzed. The culturable bacteria in western oil-contaminated desert soil were separated by coating plate method. The bacterial morphology and 16S rRNA gene system development analysis were studied. The structure and diversity of bacterial community could be cultured, and the oil utilization and degradation ability of the strain could be analyzed. The microbial diversity of Yumen oil-contaminated desert soil was analyzed by Illumina Miseq high-throughput sequencing. Through research, it is found that there are abundant bacterial groups in the oil-contaminated desert soil, and there are obvious diversity. The genetic material in the variable regions of the six soil samples detected a total of 3943 0TU at 97% similarity level, and obtained the soil microbial community. Doors, 48 classes, 78 orders, 179 families and 471 genera, including most common high-efficiency petroleum-degrading bacteria. Petroleum hydrocarbon pollution can change the microbial diversity and community structure of the original soil. The size of microbial diversity in the six soil samples is B2]A1]B1]A2]C1]C2, the diversity of B2 is the highest, the diversity of C2 is the lowest, and the microbial diversity differed greatly between groups, and there was no difference in the group. Among the dominant bacteria isolated from contaminated soil, 8 strains of oil have a degradation rate of more than 30%, including the species of the genus Rhodococcus and Pseudomonas. Soil desertification in western China has a great impact on the local ecological environment. Studying the microbial diversity of desert soils and separating high-efficiency petroleum-degrading strains is of great significance for strengthening the ecological restoration of oil-contaminated environment in desert areas.

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Zhou, Ziyuan, Minghan Yu, Guodong Ding, Guanglei Gao, and Yingying He. "Diversity and structural differences of bacterial microbial communities in rhizocompartments of desert leguminous plants." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (December 22, 2020): e0241057. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0241057.

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By assessing diversity variations of bacterial communities under different rhizocompartment types (i.e., roots, rhizosphere soil, root zone soil, and inter-shrub bulk soil), we explore the structural difference of bacterial communities in different root microenvironments under desert leguminous plant shrubs. Results will enable the influence of niche differentiation of plant roots and root soil on the structural stability of bacterial communities under three desert leguminous plant shrubs to be examined. High-throughput 16S rRNA genome sequencing was used to characterize diversity and structural differences of bacterial microbes in the rhizocompartments of three xeric leguminous plants. Results from this study confirm previous findings relating to niche differentiation in rhizocompartments under related shrubs, and they demonstrate that diversity and structural composition of bacterial communities have significant hierarchical differences across four rhizocompartment types under leguminous plant shrubs. Desert leguminous plants showed significant hierarchical filtration and enrichment of the specific bacterial microbiome across different rhizocompartments (P < 0.05). The dominant bacterial microbiome responsible for the differences in microbial community structure and composition across different niches of desert leguminous plants mainly consisted of Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes. All soil factors of rhizosphere and root zone soils, except for NO3—N and TP under C. microphylla and the two Hedysarum spp., recorded significant differences (P < 0.05). Moreover, soil physicochemical factors have a significant impact on driving the differentiation of bacterial communities under desert leguminous plant shrubs. By investigating the influence of niches on the structural difference of soil bacterial communities with the differentiation of rhizocompartments under desert leguminous plant shrubs, we provide data support for the identification of dominant bacteria and future preparation of inocula, and provide a foundation for further study of the host plants-microbial interactions.

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Sun, Jing, Hong Bo Liu, Li Qun Zhang, and Yong Feng Xu. "Experimental Study of the Application of Sodium Silicate in the Windbreak and Sand Fixation Engineering." Advanced Materials Research 1092-1093 (March 2015): 1243–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1092-1093.1243.

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With the accelerated development of land desertification, sudden wind sand disaster, strong dust storm occurrence frequency more and more high.In the desert area where the alkali content in soil is low and there is existence of quicksand, the sand brick was prepared by using sodium silicate as chemical sand fixation adhesive materials and sodium fluosilicate as hardening agent, in order to improve the surface properties of desert land, control the spread of deserts and improve the environment of desert. In this paper, the suitable dosage of sodium fluosilicate and sodium silicate were studied,which have an important effect on compressive strength, flexural strength, block antifreeze and water absorption properties of the mortar test block.

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Doyle, Jack, Ruth Pavel, Ginetta Barness, and Yosef Steinberger. "Cellulase dynamics in a desert soil." Soil Biology and Biochemistry 38, no. 2 (February 2006): 371–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2005.05.017.

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Campbell, Susan E., Jacob‐S Seeler, and Stjepko Golubic. "Desert crust formation and soil stabilization." Arid Soil Research and Rehabilitation 3, no. 2 (January 1989): 217–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15324988909381200.

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Wang, Zhimin, Guomin Li, Xue Li, Shuo Shan, Jiangyi Zhang, Shengyu Li, and Jinglong Fan. "Characteristics of moisture and salinity of soil in Taklimakan Desert, China." Water Science and Technology 66, no. 6 (September 1, 2012): 1162–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2012.270.

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The Taklimakan desert is known as the largest dunefield in China and also as the world's second largest shifting sand desert. The Tarim Desert Highway, which is the first highway to cross the Taklimakan desert, was built for the purpose of oil and gas resources extraction in the Tarim area, as well as for the development of the southern area of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Shelterbelts have been planted along the highway to prevent shifting sand from burying the road. This paper analyzes the variations of moisture and salinity of the unirrigated desert soil under natural conditions in the center of Taklimakan Desert. A number of important findings indicating the moisture and salinity of the soil at capillary saturation zone were determined by the groundwater and related to the evaporation on the top. Salinity could be affected by vegetation, which was different from moisture in the soil. Meanwhile, clay layer played an important role in water preservation in the soil, which was also beneficial to the accumulation of salinity in soil. Compared with clay layer, vegetation was a decisive factor for the gathering of salinity. The findings were significant for reasonable adjustment of irrigation in the shelterbelts for the further development of the Tarim Desert Highway.

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Li, Yan, Yan Kong, Dexiong Teng, Xueni Zhang, Xuemin He, Yang Zhang, and Guanghui Lv. "Rhizobacterial communities of five co-occurring desert halophytes." PeerJ 6 (August 30, 2018): e5508. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5508.

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BackgroundRecently, researches have begun to investigate the microbial communities associated with halophytes. Both rhizobacterial community composition and the environmental drivers of community assembly have been addressed. However, few studies have explored the structure of rhizobacterial communities associated with halophytic plants that are co-occurring in arid, salinized areas.MethodsFive halophytes were selected for study: these co-occurred in saline soils in the Ebinur Lake Nature Reserve, located at the western margin of the Gurbantunggut Desert of Northwestern China. Halophyte-associated bacterial communities were sampled, and the bacterial 16S rDNA V3–V4 region amplified and sequenced using the Illumina Miseq platform. The bacterial community diversity and structure were compared between the rhizosphere and bulk soils, as well as among the rhizosphere samples. The effects of plant species identity and soil properties on the bacterial communities were also analyzed.ResultsSignificant differences were observed between the rhizosphere and bulk soil bacterial communities. Diversity was higher in the rhizosphere than in the bulk soils. Abundant taxonomic groups (from phylum to genus) in the rhizosphere were much more diverse than in bulk soils. Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Planctomycetes were the most abundant phyla in the rhizosphere, while Proteobacteria and Firmicutes were common in bulk soils. Overall, the bacterial community composition were not significantly differentiated between the bulk soils of the five plants, but community diversity and structure differed significantly in the rhizosphere. The diversity ofHalostachys caspica,Halocnemum strobilaceumandKalidium foliatumassociated bacterial communities was lower than that ofLimonium gmeliniiandLycium ruthenicumcommunities. Furthermore, the composition of the bacterial communities ofHalostachys caspicaandHalocnemum strobilaceumwas very different from those ofLimonium gmeliniiandLycium ruthenicum. The diversity and community structure were influenced by soil EC, pH and nutrient content (TOC, SOM, TON and AP); of these, the effects of EC on bacterial community composition were less important than those of soil nutrients.DiscussionHalophytic plant species played an important role in shaping associated rhizosphere bacterial communities. When salinity levels were constant, soil nutrients emerged as key factors structuring bacterial communities, while EC played only a minor role. Pairwise differences among the rhizobacterial communities associated with different plant species were not significant, despite some evidence of differentiation. Further studies involving more halophyte species, and individuals per species, are necessary to elucidate plant species identity effects on the rhizosphere for co-occurring halophytes.

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Straub, Timothy M., Ian L. Pepper, and Charles P. Gerba. "Virus Survival in Sewage Sludge Amended Desert Soil." Water Science and Technology 27, no. 3-4 (February 1, 1993): 421–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0384.

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Currently Pima County, Arizona, disposes all of its anaerobically digested sewage sludge in liquid form (1.5% solids) on agricultural land used for non-food crop production by subsurface injection or surface spreading. Present in these sludges are human enteric viruses in concentrations as high as 1,000 per liter of sludge. These viruses could potentially contaminate surface and groundwater sources during periods of irrigation or extended rainfall. This study was designed to assess the survival of viruses under field conditions typical of the arid Southwestern United States during the winter and summer months. This study was also conducted in the laboratory to simulate field conditions. Soil samples taken from freshly amended fields were seeded with poliovirus type 1 (stock titer = 106/ml) and bacteriophage MS-2 (stock titer = 1010/ml)and thoroughly mixed with the sludged soil. The seeded samples were put into containers and buried 10 cm below the soil surface, and samples were taken at pre-determined time intervals. Average soil temperature (measured at the 10 cm depth) ranged from 15°C in the winter to 33°C in the summer. Soil moisture decreased from 25% to 15% in the winter and from 40% to less than 5 % in the summer. During the winter study, no inactivation of poliovirus was observed after 7 days, while greater than a 90% reduction was observed for MS-2. During the summer study, no poliovirus was recovered after 7 days, and no MS-2 was recovered after 3 days. The results of this study suggest that high soil temperature and rapid loss of moisture limit the survival of viruses in desert soils.

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Marone, Luis, Víctor R. Cueto, Fernando A. Milesi, and Javier Lopez de Casenave. "Soil seed bank composition over desert microhabitats: patterns and plausible mechanisms." Canadian Journal of Botany 82, no. 12 (December 1, 2004): 1809–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b04-143.

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We assessed soil seed bank composition and size over several microhabitats of two habitats of the central Monte Desert of Argentina (open Prosopis woodland and Larrea shrubland) to analyse differences among them. Seed densities were similar to those already reported for other deserts, but we found consistent differences in seed composition among microhabitats. Whereas grass seeds (e.g., Aristida, Pappophorum, Neobouteloua, Trichloris, Digitaria) prevailed in natural depressions of open areas, forb seeds (e.g., Phacelia, Lappula, Descurainia, Plantago, Chenopodium) were more abundant under trees. The comparison of seed production during primary dispersal (i.e., seed rain) with seed density on the ground at the end of dispersal indicated that most forb seeds entered the habitat through the micro habitats located beneath the canopy of trees and tall shrubs, and remained there after redistribution. Most grass seeds, by contrast, entered it through bare-soil and under-grass microhabitats, and reached more even distributions after secondary dispersal, especially because of dramatic losses in bare soil. Patterns of plant recruitment and seed dynamics in specific microhabitats were better understood when differences of soil seed bank composition, but not of total seed density, were taken into account.Key words: Monte Desert, seed dispersal, seed predation, seed production, seeds.

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Xinchun, Liu, Kang Yongde, Chen Hongna, and Lu Hui. "Hydrothermal Effects of Freeze-Thaw in the Taklimakan Desert." Sustainability 13, no. 3 (January 26, 2021): 1292. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13031292.

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The Taklimakan Desert, also known as the “Sea of Death”, is the largest desert in China and also the world’s second largest remote desert. The road crossing the Taklimakan Desert is the longest desert road in the world and has been the center of the Silk Road since ancient times. Based on field observation data (November 2013 to May 2014) collected from the Tazhong and Xiaotang stations, we studied the interannual and diurnal variations of soil temperature, soil moisture content, and surface heat fluxes during different freezing and thawing periods. The annual and daily changes of soil temperature, soil moisture content, and surface energy fluxes at different freezing and thawing stages were analyzed. We illustrated the coupling relationship between water and heat in freezing-thawing soil in the Taklimakan Desert. We established a coupling model of soil water and heat during freezing and thawing. During the soil freezing period, the soil temperatures at different depths generally trended downward. The temperature difference between the Tazhong station and the Xiaotang station was 4~8.5 °C. The freezing time of soil at 20 cm depth occurred about 11 days after that at 10 cm depth. The effect of ambient temperature on soil temperature gradually weakened with the increase of soil depth. With the occurrence of the soil freezing process, the initial soil moisture contents at 5 cm, 10 cm, 20 cm, and 40 cm depths at the Xiaotang station were 6%, 10%, 29%, and 59%, respectively, and those at the Tazhong station were 5%, 3.6%, 4.4%, and 5.8%, respectively. As the ambient temperature decreased, the freezing front continued to move downward and the liquid soil water content at each depth decreased. The desert highway is closely related to the economic development and prosperity of southern Xinjiang. Therefore, it is important to maintain and inspect the safety and applicability of freeze-thaw zones and avoid casualties from vehicles and personnel.

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Wang, Wenfeng, Xi Chen, Yifan Zhang, Jianjun Yu, Tianyi Ma, Zhihan Lv, Jing Zhang, Fanyu Zeng, and Hui Zou. "Nanodeserts: A Conjecture in Nanotechnology to Enhance Quasi-Photosynthetic CO2Absorption." International Journal of Polymer Science 2016 (2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/5027879.

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This paper advances “nanodeserts” as a conjecture on the possibility of developing the hierarchical structured polymeric nanomaterials for enhancing abiotic CO2fixation in the soil-groundwater system beneath deserts (termed as quasi-photosynthetic CO2absorption). Arid and semiarid deserts ecosystems approximately characterize one-third of the Earth’s land surface but play an unsung role in the carbon cycling, considering the huge potentials of such CO2absorption to expand insights to the long-sought missing CO2sink and the naturally unneglectable turbulence in temperature sensitivities of soil respiration it produced. “Nanodeserts” as a reconciled concept not only indicate a conjecture in nanotechnology to enhance quasi-photosynthetic CO2absorption, but also aim to present to the desert researchers a better understanding of the footprints of abiotic CO2transport, conversion, and assignment in the soil-groundwater system beneath deserts. Meanwhile, nanodeserts allow a stable temperature sensitivity of soil respiration in deserts by largely reducing the CO2release above the deserts surface and highlighting the abiotic CO2fixation beneath deserts. This may be no longer a novelty in the future.

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Sagi, Nevo, José M. Grünzweig, and Dror Hawlena. "Burrowing detritivores regulate nutrient cycling in a desert ecosystem." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 286, no. 1914 (October 30, 2019): 20191647. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.1647.

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Nutrient cycling in most terrestrial ecosystems is controlled by moisture-dependent decomposer activity. In arid ecosystems, plant litter cycling exceeds rates predicted based on precipitation amounts, suggesting that additional factors are involved. Attempts to reveal these factors have focused on abiotic degradation, soil–litter mixing and alternative moisture sources. Our aim was to explore an additional hypothesis that macro-detritivores control litter cycling in deserts. We quantified the role different organisms play in clearing plant detritus from the desert surface, using litter baskets with different mesh sizes that allow selective entry of micro-, meso- or macrofauna. We also measured soil nutrient concentrations in increasing distances from the burrows of a highly abundant macro-detritivore, the desert isopod Hemilepistus reaumuri . Macro-detritivores controlled the clearing of plant litter in our field site. The highest rates of litter removal were measured during the hot and dry summer when isopod activity peaks and microbial activity is minimal. We also found substantial enrichment of inorganic nitrogen and phosphorous near isopod burrows. We conclude that burrowing macro-detritivores are important regulators of litter cycling in this arid ecosystem, providing a plausible general mechanism that explains the unexpectedly high rates of plant litter cycling in deserts.

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Mirzoev, E. M. R., A. B. Biarslanov, D. B. Asgerova, V. A. Zhelnovakova, P. A. Abdurashidova, and I. A. Magomedov. "Soil aeration is a guarantee of food security for desert population." Agrarian science 320, no. 11-12 (December 2018): 81–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2018-320-11-81-83.

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Abella, Scott R., and Kristin H. Berry. "Enhancing and Restoring Habitat for the Desert Tortoise." Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 7, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 255–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3996/052015-jfwm-046.

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AbstractHabitat has changed unfavorably during the past 150 y for the desert tortoise Gopherus agassizii, a federally threatened species with declining populations in the Mojave Desert and western Sonoran Desert. To support recovery efforts, we synthesized published information on relationships of desert tortoises with three habitat features (cover sites, forage, and soil) and candidate management practices for improving these features for tortoises. In addition to their role in soil health and facilitating recruitment of annual forage plants, shrubs are used by desert tortoises for cover and as sites for burrows. Outplanting greenhouse-grown seedlings, protected from herbivory, has successfully restored (>50% survival) a variety of shrubs on disturbed desert soils. Additionally, salvaging and reapplying topsoil using effective techniques is among the more ecologically beneficial ways to initiate plant recovery after severe disturbance. Through differences in biochemical composition and digestibility, some plant species provide better-quality forage than others. Desert tortoises selectively forage on particular annual and herbaceous perennial species (e.g., legumes), and forage selection shifts during the year as different plants grow or mature. Nonnative grasses provide low-quality forage and contribute fuel to spreading wildfires, which damage or kill shrubs that tortoises use for cover. Maintaining a diverse “menu” of native annual forbs and decreasing nonnative grasses are priorities for restoring most desert tortoise habitats. Reducing herbivory by nonnative animals, carefully timing herbicide applications, and strategically augmenting annual forage plants via seeding show promise for improving tortoise forage quality. Roads, another disturbance, negatively affect habitat in numerous ways (e.g., compacting soil, altering hydrology). Techniques such as recontouring road berms to reestablish drainage patterns, vertical mulching (“planting” dead plant material), and creating barriers to prevent trespasses can assist natural recovery on decommissioned backcountry roads. Most habitat enhancement efforts to date have focused on only one factor at a time (e.g., providing fencing) and have not included proactive restoration activities (e.g., planting native species on disturbed soils). A research and management priority in recovering desert tortoise habitats is implementing an integrated set of restorative habitat enhancements (e.g., reducing nonnative plants, improving forage quality, augmenting native perennial plants, and ameliorating altered hydrology) and monitoring short- and long-term indicators of habitat condition and the responses of desert tortoises to habitat restoration.

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Asem, Mipeshwaree Devi, Nimaichand Salam, Hamidah Idris, Xiao-Tong Zhang, Alan T. Bull, Wen-Jun Li, and Michael Goodfellow. "Nocardiopsis deserti sp. nov., isolated from a high altitude Atacama Desert soil." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 70, no. 5 (May 1, 2020): 3210–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.004158.

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The taxonomic status of a Nocardiopsis strain, designated H13T, isolated from a high altitude Atacama Desert soil, was established by using a polyphasic approach. The strain was found to have chemotaxonomic, cultural and morphological characteristics consistent with its classification within the genus Nocardiopsis and formed a well-supported clade in the Nocardiopsis phylogenomic tree together with the type strains of Nocardiopsis alborubida , Nocardiopsis dassonvillei and Nocardiopsis synnematoformans. Strain H13T was distinguished from its closest relatives by low average nucleotide identity (93.2–94.9 %) and in silico DNA–DNA hybridization (52.5–62.4 %) values calculated from draft genome assemblies and by a range of phenotypic properties. On the basis of these results, it is proposed that the isolate be assigned to the genus Nocardiopsis as Nocardiopsis deserti sp. nov. with isolate H13T (=CGMCC 4.7585T=KCTC 49249T) as the type strain.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Desert soil'

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