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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Desertification Africa

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Academic literature on the topic 'Desertification Africa'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 15 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Desertification Africa"

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Tolba, Mostafa Kamal. "Desertification in Africa." Land Use Policy 3, no. 4 (October 1986): 260–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0264-8377(86)90023-2.

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Goncharov, Leongard, and C. S. Whitaker. "Recommendations: Environmental Protection, Particularly Activities to Prevent Further Desertification." Issue: A Journal of Opinion 17, no. 1 (1988): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047160700500845.

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Another critical problem for Africa, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa is that of desertification. The crisis of desertification in the Sahel and other dryland regions of Africa increases exponentially, that is, its effects are incrementally debilitating. Each year of delay in dealing with this problem in an effective way, using available technology and resources, moves the problem further beyond our capacity to handle it. Furthermore, desertification has many direct and indirect effects on, among others, food production, land use, transport, housing, and weather patterns, further compounding the problem. The scale of the problem is enormous, and neither African governments nor international organizations organizations have mounted an effective response. The problem of desertification in Africa is, however, to a great extent, a tale of opportunities missed. The application of existing technology and resources has encountered obstacles and resistance, while potential resources have failed to materialize.

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Senut, Brigitte, Martin Pickford, and Loïc Ségalen. "Neogene desertification of Africa." Comptes Rendus Geoscience 341, no. 8-9 (August 2009): 591–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crte.2009.03.008.

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Westing, Arthur H. "Population, Desertification, and Migration." Environmental Conservation 21, no. 2 (1994): 110–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900024528.

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It is noted that the number of more or less permanently displaced persons throughout the world (now of the order of 1% of the total human population) continues to increase at a rate of approximately 3 millions per year; the situation in Africa is especially grave, with the number of displaced persons there (now of the order of 3% of the African population), continuing to increase at a rate of approximately 1.5 million per year. Human displacement — which can be seen to originate largely in rural areas — results primarily from one or more of three factors, namely escape from persecution, escape from military activities, or escape from inadequate means of subsistence. A number of examples from Africa are provided of the social and political consequences of human displacement, with emphasis on conflict situations at the sites of relocation.It is further noted that the numbers of displaced persons continue to grow relentlessly despite there being no discernible rise in persecution or military activities, and despite the long-sustained ameliorative efforts and financial assistance by intergovernmental agencies and others.It is accordingly suggested that the major cause of the continuing increase in the numbers of displaced persons is an ever-growing imbalance between population numbers and the human carrying capacity of the land. Population increases lead to smaller per caput natural resource bases, a predicament exacerbated by over-use — and thus degradation — of the land and its natural resources. In the arid and semi-arid regions of Africa, over-use of the land most often takes the form of overgrazing, leading to land degradation that is severe enough to be referred to as desertification. It is concluded that to achieve sustainable utilization of the land and its natural resources will necessitate the integrated attainment of environmental security and societal security — the latter inter alia requiring participatory governance, non-violent means of conflict resolution, and especially population controls.

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SHINODA, Masato. "Drought and Desertification in Tropical Africa." Journal of Geography (Chigaku Zasshi) 100, no. 6 (1991): 910–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5026/jgeography.100.6_910.

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Dodd, Jerrold L. "Desertification and Degradation in Sub-Saharan Africa." BioScience 44, no. 1 (January 1994): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1312403.

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Tiffen, Mary, and Michael Mortimore. "Questioning desertification in dryland sub-Saharan Africa." Natural Resources Forum 26, no. 3 (August 2002): 218–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0165-0203.t01-1-00023.

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Nur, Idris M. "Current Extent of Disasters in Africa." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 14, no. 2 (June 1999): 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00027308.

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AbstractThe people oFf Africa are exposed to a wide range of disasters that seriously have aggravated the Continent's economic situation. Economic losses and human sufferings from drought, desertification, locust infestation, infectious diseases, epidemics, and armed conflicts are the dominant disasters that the people in the African countries face, and they have rendered the population utterly vulnerable. Disasters have aggravated Africa's economic situation. The cumulative effect of disasters include loss of property, injury, death, mounting food import bills, health hazards, environmental degradation, backward economic development, displaced people, refugees, and nutritional deficiency.Today, 175 million Africans out of a total population of 744 million people (23.5%) are suffering from chronic hunger; this is an increase of 50% from 25years ago. In many African countries, up to half of the population suffers from absolute poverty. It is projected that Africa will be the only Continent to continue with the current level of poverty for another decade.

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Oyama, Shuichi. "Cleaning the City and Regreening the Land for Positive Chain of Food Production, and Countermeasure for Conflicts among Farmers and Herders in Sahel, West Africa." Impact 2020, no. 9 (December 30, 2020): 63–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.21820/23987073.2020.9.63.

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Desertification refers to the degradation of land. In the process, biological productivity is lost. This can occur for many reasons, including natural processes and human activities. It is difficult, if not impossible, to grow crops and fodder on land where desertification has occurred as the land is unfertile. This is a growing problem in countries around the world. The impact is particularly significant when desertification occurs in countries where semi-arid regions are located, as these are the places where vast quantities of plants are grown. With the demand for food on the rise as the human population continues to grow, this is becoming a bigger and bigger issue. Professor Shuichi Oyama, Centre for African Area Studies (CAAS), Kyoto University, Japan, is interested in the unequal arrangement between rural residents who grow food and city residents who consume food, which is one of the factors leading to desertification. He is keen to redress the imbalance of nutrients and prevent and reverse desertification in order that crops and fodder can be replenished and the future of civilisation protected. Oyama's focus is on regreening land where desertification has occurred, as well as cleaning up cities across the Sahel, West Africa. This involves returning organic waste, including animal manure and plant residue, from cities to degraded land in rural areas, where it can help replenish the chemical, physical and biological soil properties. The research is expected to positively impact food production and the fertility of land, as well as reaping societal benefits such as preventing ethnic conflicts among farmers and herders in central Sahel.

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KADOMURA, Hiroshi. ""Desertification" in Tropical Africa. Setting a New Strategy." Kikan Chirigaku 50, no. 4 (1998): 287–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5190/tga.50.287.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Desertification Africa"

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Milich, Lenard B. "Characterizing and relating variability in satellite images of the West African Sudano-Sahel to desertification and food security." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1997. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu_e9791_1997_216_sip1_w.pdf&type=application/pdf.

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Owusu, Alex B. "Detecting and quantifying the extent of desertification and its impact in the semi-arid Sub-Saharan Africa a case study of the Upper East Region, Ghana /." Fairfax, VA : George Mason University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1920/4576.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--George Mason University, 2009.
Vita: p. 287. Thesis co-directors: Sheryl L. Beach, Guido Cervone. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Earth Systems and Geoinformation Sciences. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Oct. 11, 2009). Includes bibliographical references (p. 267-286). Also issued in print.

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Benkhalti, Abdellah. "Mapping the Desertification Process in Southern Morocco Using Remote Sensing Data." TopSCHOLAR®, 1987. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/2149.

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Desertification is a problem occurring in arid and semiarid zones all over the world. It is a consequence of mismanagement of the land. Human activities and livestock pressure on such fragile ecosystems lead to a deterioration of the soil by increasing its salinity, lessening its moisture, and covering it with sand and dust. Aerial photographs and satellite images constitute a tool for mapping and monitoring the desertification process. Multispectral data can assist in detecting the indicators of desertification in early stages in order to plan adequate action. The improvement of the resolution of satellite images and the fact that they are available on a periodic basis make the use of these data suitable for mapping the evolution of desert patches at large scales. The green band of Landsat MSS is used in this study. Two images taken, respectively, in 1976 and 1985 and covering the province of Ouarzazate in southern Morocco are used to map the desertification process and its evolution in the region. At the scale used and given the ground resolution of the MSS (80 meters), significant changes were found between the two images. However, changes occurring at scale smaller than 80 meter square were impossible to detect by visual interpretation of this band.

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Stringer, Lindsay C. "Applying the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in Africa : scientific and land user dimensions of environmental degradation." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2004. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/13505/.

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This study takes an integrated approach using theories and methods from both the natural and social sciences to examine western scientific, government, NGO and local land user understandings of land degradation in Swaziland. Of key importance in the research is the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD), which itself marks a new, integrated approach to sustainable development, promoting concepts of community participation and local level decision-making. Grounded in the theory of political ecology, these concepts are examined in the Swazi context. Local knowledges are integrated with western scientific understandings of land degradation to create hybrid understandings of environmental degradation and to examine issues such as how far, under what conditions and for whom land degradation is problematic. Understandings of soil fertility, drought, changes to woodland areas and soil erosion in three case study villages are critically assessed, as local inputs into policies addressing land degradation are evaluated and reasons behind both individual and collective actions to combat degradation are considered. Issues of access and power are found to dominate natural resource management in Swaziland, as the majority of the power is concentrated in the hands of the minority of the population. Using a community land rehabilitation project as a case study, it is discovered that concepts such as community participation and local level decision-making by democratically elected village committees can cause conflict to develop between new and traditional institutions, as new institutions challenge the traditional balance of power. It is concluded that until changes are made to broader scale governance structures, concepts advocated by the UNCCD will not be implemented to their full potential in Swaziland and this could have important social and ecological implications.

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Van, den Berg Loraine. "The evaluation and promotion of best practices for the restoration of arid- and semi-arid rangelands in southern Africa / Loraine van den Berg." Thesis, North-West University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/2036.

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Kong, Taryn M. "Understanding Land Management and Desertification in the South African Kalahari with Local Knowledge and Perspectives." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/268615.

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Desertification, or land degradation in drylands, is a serious environmental problem in South Africa with tremendous socio-economic consequences. Land users' perspectives on land management practices and knowledge about their rangelands have been poorly represented in the discourse of land degradation in South Africa. We addressed this knowledge gap by examining three participatory methods to capture local knowledge and perspectives, as well as the relation between knowledge, attitude and practice status relative to three land management actions done by livestock farmers in the South African Kalahari. Photo elicitation captured a greater level of detail and new information compared to semi-structured interviews alone, while enhancing researchers' understanding of farmers' knowledge and perception in multiple ways. The photovoice group discussions led to farmers' engagement in reflective dialogues, which facilitated mutual learning among the farmers. We found that a high level of knowledge and positive attitude alone did not always result in actual full scale practice. Situational factors such as limited financial resources, inadequate farm infrastructure, farm size, and land tenure were given by farmers as constraints or challenges to their land management. We further examined how effective local knowledge and remotely sensed data were in assessing the veld condition in the Kalahari Duneveld. The farmers' assessment of veld condition corresponded to field measured grass, shrub and bare ground cover. The three vegetation metrics calculated from remotely sensed images (i.e., Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI), and the tasseled cap greenness) all correlated poorly to the measured vegetation cover because of the excess spectral noise caused by the high iron oxide content in the Kalahari sand. Local perspectives and knowledge have potential to augment traditional ground-based rangeland assessment and contribute in the combat against desertification by offering a more holistic view of land management.

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Maillet, Mariette M. "A desert challenge, appraisal of projects to combat desertification and drought in the West African Sahel." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ36507.pdf.

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Gibson, Donald J. D. "Land degradation in the Limpopo Province, South Africa." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/2137.

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Student Number : 9511039F - MSc Dissertation - School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences - Faculty of Science
An estimated 91 % of South Africa’s total land area is considered dryland and susceptible to desertification. In response, South Africa has prepared a National Action Programme to combat land degradation, and this requires assessment and monitoring to be conducted in a systematic, cost effective, objective, timely and geographically-accurate way. Despite a perception-based assessment of land degradation conducted in 1999, and a land-cover mapping exercise conducted for 2000/2001, there are few national scientifically rigorous degradation monitoring activities being undertaken, due largely to a lack of objective, quantitative methods for use in large-scale assessments. This study therefore tests a satellitederived index of degradation for the Limpopo Province in South Africa, which is perceived to be one of the most degraded provinces in the country. The long-term average maximum normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), calculated from a time series (1985-2004) of NOAA AVHRR satellite images, as a proxy for vegetation productivity, was related to water balance datasets of mean annual precipitation (MAP) and growth days index (GDI), using both linear and non-linear functions. Although the linear regressions were highly significant (p<0.005), a non-linear four parameter Gompertz curve was shown to fit the data more accurately. The curve explained only a little of the variance in the data in the relationship between NDVI and GDI, and so GDI was excluded from further analysis. All pixels that fell below a range of threshold standard deviations less than the fitted curve were deemed to represent degraded areas, where productivity was less than the predicted value. The results were compared qualitatively to existing spatial datasets. A large proportion of the degraded areas that were mapped using the approach outlined above occurred on areas of untransformed savanna and dryland cultivation. However the optical properties of dark igneous derived soils with high proportions of smectitic minerals and therefore low reflectance, were shown to lower NDVI values substantially. Overall, there was an acceptable agreement between the mapped degradation and the validation datasets. While further refinement of the methodology is necessary, including a rigorous field-based resource condition assessment for validation purposes, and research into the biophysical effects on the NDVI values, the methodology shows promise for regional assessment in South Africa.

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Rose, Cassaundra Ashley. "Late Cenozoic Evolution of Aridity and C4 Vegetation in North Africa." Thesis, 2015. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8NK3DS6.

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Northern Africa has experienced major shifts towards aridity and extensive C4 vegetation over the late Cenozoic, but due to a scarcity of spatially and temporally extensive paleoenvironmental records, the timing, patterns, and causes of these shifts are still under debate. Both long-term aridification and large amplitude orbital-scale climate variability have been recognized, with little understanding of how these two patterns relate to each other over time. African’s climate and environmental history of the last 7 Myr is of particular interest because hydrological and vegetation variability is considered the driving selection mechanism for human evolution. In addition, the age of the initiation of desert conditions in the modern Sahara desert, Earth’s largest warm desert and the largest source of dust to the modern atmosphere, is unknown. The stable isotope ratios of carbon and hydrogen in sedimentary plant leaf wax biomarker compounds have recently been shown to quantitatively track source vegetation photosynthetic pathways and the hydrogen isotope composition of plant source water, which is dominantly controlled by the amount of precipitation in Africa. These proxies have been applied to reconstruct long-term vegetation changes in East Africa and SW Africa over the last 14 Ma, as well as orbital-scale variability from various locations around the African continent, but they have not been extended further back in time or combined in tandem to robustly assess both long-term and orbital-scale climate and vegetation variability and how they relate to each other. In this thesis, I have utilized quantitative plant leaf wax stable isotope proxies to examine both orbital-scale and long-term changes in North African aridity and vegetation from a variety of regions over the last 25 Ma, with particular emphasis on the last 4.5 Ma. In Chapter 2, I investigated the evolution of hydrological and vegetation gradients from the equator to the sub-Sahara in NW Africa over the last 25 Myr using leaf wax stable isotopes at two marine sediment core locations, producing the longest existing leaf wax stable isotope record in Africa to my knowledge, and one of the longest such records globally. In this study I found that NW African environments were remarkably similar at both latitudes from 25 – 10 Ma, but at 10 Ma C4 vegetation abruptly expanded in the north, indicating sudden aridification in the Sahara region at that time. The hydrogen isotope record was stable long-term, with variability similar to that of known orbital-scale cyclicity in the Pliocene and Pleistocene, possibly suggesting that orbital-scale cyclicity or other factors obscured or were larger than any long-term changes in the hydrogen isotope ratio of precipitation. Saharan aridification at 10 Ma is consistent with climate model predictions of aridity due to the closure of the Tethys Seaway connection between the Indian Ocean and Mediterranean Sea near that time. The 10 Ma expansion in C4 vegetation is earlier than most other regions globally. To examine long-term changes in orbital-scale variability in the Eastern Sahara and Mediterranean Sea, I constructed a record of eastern Mediterranean sedimentary leaf wax carbon and hydrogen isotopes, leaf wax abundance, lignin biomarkers, and oxygen isotope ratios of planktonic foraminifera G. ruber during two 100-kyr periods of equal eccentricity near 3.0 and 1.7 Ma (Chapter 3). I found that precession-scale variability dominates the record during both periods, and Eastern Saharan precipitation and the vegetation assemblage, which was C4-dominated, do not change on average between the two periods. Chapter 4 extended the eastern Mediterranean record of Chapter 3 by sampling leaf wax stable isotopes in sapropel sediments (deposited during North African humid periods) at ~0.25 Myr resolution back to 4.5 Ma, placing the orbital-scale Chapter 3 results in long term context. I found that Eastern Saharan environments were persistently C4-dominated (>68%) throughout the entire interval, and that long-term hydrogen and carbon variability were similar in magnitude to orbital-scale cycles back to 4.5 Ma, strongly indicating that orbital-scale variability has been the dominant environmental control in NE Africa since the early Pliocene. This record contrasts sharply with observations of a transition from C3-C4 mixed vegetation to abundant C4 grasslands in East Africa over the same period of time. The results may suggest that long-term precipitation shifts did not occur in NE Africa since the Pliocene, or that the resolution of this approach is not sufficient to detect long-term shifts. It is likely that NW Africa also experienced similarly large hydrological variability over the same period of time, which may explain the unclear long-term hydrological signal in Chapter 2. The results emphasize that East Africa has not been representative of northern Africa as a whole since the Pliocene.

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"Detecting and quantifying the extent of desertification and its impact in the semi-arid Sub-Saharan Africa: A case study of the Upper East Region, Ghana." GEORGE MASON UNIVERSITY, 2010. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3367055.

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Books on the topic "Desertification Africa"

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Heshmati, G. Ali, and Victor R. Squires, eds. Combating Desertification in Asia, Africa and the Middle East. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6652-5.

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Gorse, Jean Eugène. Desertification in the Sahelian and Sudanian zones of West Africa. Washington, D.C: World Bank, 1987.

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Adapting to drought: Farmers, famines, and desertification in West Africa. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989.

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International Conference on Drought, Desertification, and Food Deficit in Africa (1986 African Academy of Sciences). Environmental crisis in Africa: Scientific response. Nairobi, Kenya: Academy Science Publishers, 1989.

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Land and environmental degradation and desertification in Africa: Issues and options for sustainable economic development with transformation. [Addis Ababa]: United Nations Economic Commission for Africa, 1995.

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SADC-ELMS Workshop (1997 Windhoek, Namibia). Combating desertification in southern Africa: The NAP process : SADC-ELMS Workshop, Windhoek, Namibia, 26-28 May 1997. Maseru: Southern Environment and Land Management Sector Coordination Unit, Ministry of Agriculture, Co-operatives, Marketing, and Youth Affairs, 1997.

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Africa, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Task Force on the Sahel and Other Drought-affected Regions of. The IUCN Sahel report: A long-term strategy for environmental rehabilitation : the report of IUCNʼs Task Force on the Sahel and other drought-affected regions of Africa. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN, 1986.

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Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation (Ede, Netherlands), ed. Seventy tree stories from Africa: Trees : an effective means for combat desertification. Conakry, Guineé: Editions Ganndal, 2005.

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World, Bank Land Water and Natural Habitats Division. Desertification: Implementing the Convention : a World Bank view. Washington, D.C: World Bank, 1994.

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Paalanen, Riitta. Sourcebook on institutes and agencies in desertification research: With special emphasis on Nordic activities in Africa : a report prepared for FINNIDA. Helsinki: Institute of Development Studies, University of Helsinki, 1988.

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Book chapters on the topic "Desertification Africa"

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Onchere, Naftali Manddy. "The United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification: constraints to implementation in Eastern Africa." In Rangeland Desertification, 197–209. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9602-2_16.

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Prince, Stephen D. "Mapping Desertification in Southern Africa." In Land Change Science, 163–84. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-2562-4_10.

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Nguru, P. M., and D. K. Rono. "Combating Desertification in Kenya." In Combating Desertification in Asia, Africa and the Middle East, 139–51. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6652-5_7.

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Moshoeshoe, S., and M. Sekantsi. "Lesotho: Desertification Control Program." In Combating Desertification in Asia, Africa and the Middle East, 153–67. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6652-5_8.

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Kerley, Graham I. H., Michael H. Knight, and Mauritz De Kock. "Desertification of Subtropical Thicket in the Eastern Cape, South Africa: Are there Alternatives?" In Desertification in Developed Countries, 211–30. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1635-7_15.

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Dean, W. R. J., S. J. Milton, and M. A. Du Plessis. "Where, Why, and to What Extent Have Rangelands in the Karoo, South Africa, Desertified." In Desertification in Developed Countries, 103–10. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1635-7_8.

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Hoffman, M. T., W. J. Bond, and W. D. Stock. "Desertification of the Eastern Karoo, South Africa: Conflicting Paleoecological, Historical, and Soil Isotopic Evidence." In Desertification in Developed Countries, 159–77. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1635-7_12.

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Chadha, M. L. "Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.), a Choice Crop for Improvement of Human and Soil Health in Southern Africa." In Combating Desertification with Plants, 263–71. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1327-8_25.

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Hammouzaki, Y. "Desertification and Its Control in Morocco." In Combating Desertification in Asia, Africa and the Middle East, 91–111. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6652-5_5.

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Darkoh, Michael B. Kwesi. "Desertification and Environmental Management in Botswana." In Environmental Planning, Policies and Politics in Eastern and Southern Africa, 181–99. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-27693-6_10.

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