Relevant bibliographies by topics / Desertification in Ethiopia

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters

Academic literature on the topic 'Desertification in Ethiopia'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 9 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Desertification in Ethiopia"

1

Nyssen, Jan, Mitiku Haile, Jozef Naudts, Neil Munro, Jean Poesen, Jan Moeyersons, Amaury Frankl, Jozef Deckers, and Richard Pankhurst. "Desertification? Northern Ethiopia re-photographed after 140 years." Science of The Total Environment 407, no. 8 (April 2009): 2749–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.12.016.

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Gebru, Belay Manjur, Woo-Kyun Lee, Asia Khamzina, Sonam Wangyel Wang, Sungeun Cha, Cholho Song, and Munkhansan Lamchin. "Spatiotemporal multi-index analysis of desertification in dry Afromontane forests of northern Ethiopia." Environment, Development and Sustainability 23, no. 1 (January 20, 2020): 423–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10668-020-00587-3.

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Cloudsley-Thompson, John L. "Desertification or Sustainable Yields from Arid Environments." Environmental Conservation 15, no. 3 (1988): 197–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900029325.

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Throughout their existence, civilized peoples have been turning their environment into desert. The causes of desertification are well known—overgrazing, the felling of trees for fuel, and bad agricultural practices. Their effects are apparent in disasters such as the Sahel drought and recent famines in Ethiopia, the Sudan, and elsewhere. The population explosion enhances the extent of the environmental degradation. More agricultural land is currently being lost through salinization and waterlogging than is being created by new irrigation schemes, but this is only part of a problem that faces all tropical third-world countries and for which multinational organizations and the affluent nations of temperate regions are, regrettably and often unknowingly, largely responsible.Because the poorer countries receive, for their agricultural products, cash of which the market value does not take into account the cost to the environment of overexploiting the land, they are apparently doomed to a vicious circle of increasing poverty, deprivation, and famine. Yet it is not beyond the abilities of civilization to devise a viable scheme, based upon sound ecological principles, by which the quality of life of desert peoples could be immeasurably improved. Instead of trying to change the land to make it conform to present economic and political expectations, development should be adapted to exploit the potentialities of the environment as it exists. Such a scheme, profiting from the diversity of microenvironments that occur in desert regions, would encompass multiple land-use and the development of numerous small agricultural and other projects—rather than the large-scale schemes hitherto initiated in fragile environments, and which have so often led to large-scale disaster. By adopting it, the world would simultaneously be made both more stable and more productive for the benefit of all its inhabitants.
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Mesfin, Almeida Oliveira, Yazew, Bresci, and Castelli. "Spatial Variability of Soil Moisture in Newly Implemented Agricultural Bench Terraces in the Ethiopian Plateau." Water 11, no. 10 (October 14, 2019): 2134. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11102134.

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In arid areas prone to desertification and soil erosion, the effectiveness of radical bench terracing in reducing drought risk is dependent on its correct implementation. However, the relationship between proper terracing implementation and the landscape capacity of holding soil moisture is still not understood. Moreover, spatial patterns of Soil Water Content (SWC) within the same terraced hillslope are weakly studied. The present paper analyses SWC variations in four newly implemented terraced sites in Tigray Region, Ethiopia. In all sites, terraced areas show SWC significantly higher than non-terraced ones, with the lower part of the terraced hillslope more humid than the others. A Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) analysis highlighted significant dependency of SWC from the date of analysis, the position in the terraced slope, and its significant positive correlation with the percent of Water Stable Aggregates (WSA) analyzed at the study sites. Since high soil disturbance induces low soil aggregates stability, this result shows how low soil disturbance can significantly increase SWC of radical terraces. Overall, the results of the present paper testify the good performances of bench terraces in Northern Ethiopia in terms of soil water conservation, and can represent a benchmark study informing future terracing implementation in some arid and semi-arid agricultural areas of the world.
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Bayle, GK. "Ecological and social impacts of eucalyptus tree plantation on the environment." Journal of Biodiversity Conservation and Bioresource Management 5, no. 1 (July 13, 2019): 93–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcbm.v5i1.42189.

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Eucalyptus is an ever green flowering tree and a shrub which belong to the family Myrtaceae, subfamily Myrotideae and consists of some 800 species. This tree is native to Australia and widely planted for various uses in the different parts of Ethiopia integrating into the various farming systems, and their planting has resulted in high economic profitability. It is over a century since eucalyptus was introduced in Ethiopia for multipurpose use and rescues the remaining indigenous forests from being destroyed, for controlling soil erosion, for replacing indigenous species for fuel-wood, thereby preventing further degradation of natural forests by quickly producing firewood, would eliminate the causes which frequently may have led to land degradation and desertification and also a food and habitat for wild animals. But, it also a harmful effect on the environment, uses a lot of nutrient which is leading to soil exhaustion and reduction of crop yields, secretion of allelochemical and decreasing crop production, but the trees are neither good nor bad, and careful analysis of the ecological and social implications should be undertaken before planting. Decisions, such as what, where, why and how to grow and how to manage it have to be made; and the social and ecological implications of each decision, as well as the economic implications, have to be weighted up. J. Biodivers. Conserv. Bioresour. Manag. 2019, 5(1): 93-104
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Singh, S. N. "Climate Change and Agriculture in Ethiopia: A Case Study of Mettu Woreda." SocioEconomic Challenges 3, no. 3 (2019): 61–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/sec.3(3).61-79.2019.

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This paper summarizes the arguments and counterarguments within the scientific discussion on the issue of climate change and its affect on agricultural productivity in Ethiopia. The main purpose of the research is to analyze the impact of climate change on the productivity of agricultural crops. Systematization literary sources and approaches for solving the problem associate were analyzed that indicates there is a significant adverse effect of climate change on agricultural productivity as well as allied fields. The relevance of the decision of this scientific problem is that the community participation and state interventions are required at grass-roots level. Investigation of the topic of climate change and agriculture in Ethiopia in the paper is carried out broadly in the following logical sequence at an appropriate empirical standard level. Methodological tools of the research methods were descriptive statistics and the year of research was 2018-19. The object of research is the chosen for Ethiopia as a whole and case study was carried out in Mettu Woreda to verify the significance. The paper presents the results of an empirical analysis of quantitative data, which showed that there is an adverse effect of climate change on agricultural productivity in the region. The climate change affects agricultural productivity and production through shortening of maturity period and to decreasing crop yields, changing livestock feed availability, affecting animal health growth and reproduction depressing the quality and quantity of the crops, changing distribution rate, contracting pastoral zones, expansion of tropical dry forests and expansion of desertification etc.The research empirically confirms and theoretically proves that highlights the coordination between state and local communities are required to combat the adverse effect of climate change. The results of the research can be useful for policy maker, researchers, academicians and other international organizations like UNEP and UNDP etc. Keywords: climate change, random sampling, descriptive statistics, crop productivity, food security and livestock.
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7

Shumie, Melese Chanie. "Evaluation of Potential Reservoir Deficiency Due to Climate Change, Kesem Kebena Dam, Ethiopia." Journal of Environmental Geography 12, no. 1-2 (April 1, 2019): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jengeo-2019-0004.

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Abstract Flood is an excess inundation of water on a surface and difficult to manage. The flood occurred in previous decades of Afar region of Ethiopia, consequently, leads to the death of human beings, destruction of infrastructures, an annihilation of massive hydraulic structures, and downstream properties. The main responsible factors for the flood incidences of the region are climate change, global warming, deforestation, and desertification. Climate change, however, is the foremost reason of increasing flood hazard. To coincide with this, hydraulic structures are designed based on the previously recorded flow data of a river. In Ethiopia, numerous earthen dams are constructed. The water storage capacity of dams is determined by the appraised flood of the upstream catchment: however, when the catchment flood increases due to climate extremes, the constructed structures cannot carry and going to demolish. The extra water that rises due to climate change from the catchment has to be removed before joins to the reservoir. This study has evaluated the potential reservoir deficiency of Kesem Kebena dam due to climate change. The study has comprehended different methods based on scientific criteria and selects the appropriate measure. As per the research output, the excess water that will arise from the catchment and add to the reservoir can be controlled by diversion floodways (Emergency spillways). The study has determined the amount of excess flood join to the reservoir for the excess rainfall incident month (August) for 100 years return period. Its magnitude is 85.76m3/s. The emergency spillway is the best means to divert such unwanted water before joining to the reservoir. Its hydraulic design is discussed in the study.
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Omer, A. Y. A., Y. S. A. Ali, J. A. Roelvink, A. Dastgheib, P. Paron, and A. Crosato. "Modelling of sedimentation processes inside Roseires Reservoir (Sudan)." Earth Surface Dynamics Discussions 2, no. 1 (March 18, 2014): 153–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esurfd-2-153-2014.

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Abstract. Roseires Reservoir, located on the Blue Nile River, in Sudan, is the first trap to the sediments coming from the upper catchment in Ethiopia, which suffers from high erosion and desertification problems. The reservoir lost already more than one third of its storage capacity due to sedimentation in the last four decades. Appropriate management of the eroded area in the upper basin could mitigate this problem. In order to do that, the areas providing the highest sediment volumes to the river have to be identified, since they should have priority with respect to the application of erosion control practices. This requires studying the sedimentation record inside Roseires Reservoir, with the aim of identifying when and how much sediment from a certain area is deposited. The identification of deposition time is derived from soil stratification inside the reservoir. This requires expensive coring campaigns that need to be optimized. The most promising sampling coring areas were therefore selected beforehand by combining bathymetric data and the results of a depth-averaged morphodynamic model able to record vertical stratification in sediment deposits. The model allowed recognising the areas that are potentially neither subject to net erosion nor to bar migration during the life span of the reservoir. Verification of these results was carried out by analysing sediment stratification from the data collected in subsequent field campaign.
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Melis, M. T., F. Dessì, P. Loddo, C. La Mantia, S. Da Pelo, A. M. Deflorio, G. Ghiglieri, B. T. Hailu, K. Kalegele, and B. N. Mwasi. "FLOWERED-GEODBAPP: AN APPLICATION BASED ON CROWD-GENERATING DATA USING SENTINEL2 IMAGERY." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-4/W2 (July 5, 2017): 121–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-w2-121-2017.

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This study is part of the EU H2020 research Project FLOWERED (de-FLuoridation technologies for imprOving quality of WatEr and agRo-animal products along the East African Rift Valley in the context of aDaptation to climate change). FLOWERED project aims to develop technologies and methodologies at cross-boundary catchment scales to manage the risks associated with high Fluoride water supply in Africa, focusing on three representative test areas along the African Rift Valley (i.e. Ethiopia, Kenya and Tanzania), characterized by high fluoride contents in waters and soils, water scarcity, overexploitation of groundwater and high vulnerability to risks arising from climate change, as drought and desertification. It also is empowering local communities to take responsibility for the integrated-sustainability of the natural resources, growing national and international environmental priorities, enhancing transboundary cooperation and promoting local ownership based on a scientific and technological approach. <br><br> Within the FLOWERED project, the transition from the land cover to the land use and water use maps is provided through the development of a mobile application (FLOWERED-GeoDBapp ). It is dedicated to the collection of local geo-information on land use, water uses, irrigation systems, household features, use of drinking water and the other information needful for the specific knowledge of water supply involving local communities through participative approach. This system is structured to be populated, through an action of crowd-generating data by local communities (students and people involved mainly by NGOs). The SHAREGEODBapp is proposed as an innovative tool for water management and agriculture institutions at regional and local level.
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10

Omer, A. Y. A., Y. S. A. Ali, J. A. Roelvink, A. Dastgheib, P. Paron, and A. Crosato. "Modelling of sedimentation processes inside Roseires Reservoir (Sudan)." Earth Surface Dynamics 3, no. 2 (April 2, 2015): 223–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esurf-3-223-2015.

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Abstract. Roseires Reservoir, located on the Blue Nile River in Sudan, is the first trap to the sediments coming from the vast upper river catchment in Ethiopia, which suffers from high erosion and desertification problems. The reservoir has already lost more than one-third of its storage capacity due to sedimentation in the last four decades. Appropriate management of the eroded soils in the upper basin could mitigate this problem. In order to do that, the areas providing the highest sediment volumes to the river have to be identified, since they should have priority with respect to the application of erosion control practices. This requires studying the sedimentation record inside Roseires Reservoir in order to assess when and how much sediment is deposited and to identify its source. This paper deals with the identification of deposition time and soil stratification inside the reservoir, based on historical bathymetric data, numerical modelling and newly acquired soil data. The remoteness of the study area and the extreme climate result in coring campaigns being expensive and difficult. Therefore, these activities need to be optimised and coring locations selected beforehand. This was done by combining bathymetric data and the results of a depth-averaged morphodynamic model recording the vertical stratification in sediment deposits. The model allowed for recognising the areas that are potentially subject to neither net erosion nor bar migration during the lifespan of the reservoir. Verification of these results was carried out by analysing sediment stratification from the data collected during the subsequent field campaign.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Desertification in Ethiopia"

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Asgedom, Aster. "Combating Desertification in Tigray, Ethiopia : Field study on the implementation of the UNCCD in the rural region of Tigray." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Water and Environmental Studies, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-8802.

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In this study a field study on the implementation of the United Nations Convention on Combating Desertification (UNCCD) in Tigray, Ethiopia has been carried out. The objective of this thesis is to study in general the implementa-tion of the UNCCD in Ethiopia. This thesis consequently focuses on how these issues are executed in practice at different levels, thus national, regional, district and community levels. However the focus is on some of the highly prioritised action programs that are presumed to facilitate the implementation of the UNCCD, which are the Action Programs for promoting awareness and participation, Action programs to improve institutional organisation and ca-pacity as well as Action program for empowerment of women. These action programs are studied in how they are presented at the National Action Plan (NAP) and Regional Action Plan (RAP) as well as how they are executed at different levels, i.e. at the Federal, Regional, district and Community levels. For this purpose the region of Tigray is chosen.

The result of this study shows that the vast majority of the respondents in the study areas indicated an awareness of desertification in regard to land degradation. The implementation of NAP at this stage, hasn’t reach all the regions around the country however, three regions in Ethiopia, thus the Afar, Tigray and Amhara regions have been chosen as pilot projects in attempt to implement the NAP at regional level and preparation are made to implement the con-vention at different community levels. Officially these regions have been chosen to launch pilot projects since they are situated in the dryland areas and they match the definition of the UNCCD for severely affected areas. At the re-gional level several pilot projects mainly conservation activities that involved the community members are launched in different parts of Tigray. Many opportunities to increase awareness of the land degradation and empower people are created in order to combat desertification, however the success of these activities varies from district to district and community to community and is dependent on the authorities’ intention, ambition, determination and interest as well as the relation they posses with the community members in the society.

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Asgedom, Reda Aster. "Diskursanalys på den Etiopiska regeringens nationala handlingsplan om bekämpning av ökenspridning." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Thematic Studies, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-2607.

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In this paper discourse analysis on the Ethiopian National Action Program (NAP) to combat desertification is made. The aim is to describe how the overall image/picture of desertification, its causes, and effects and of possible solutions are presented in the NAP.

The result of this analysis shows that the main cause of desertification is human activities mainly due to the poorly developed socio-economic situation in the dryland areas. It is indicated that an excessive dependency of the rural population on the natural resources, particularly land, is the major cause of land degradation and this deterioration of land is said to have been caused by the rapid population growth, overgrazing, forest clearing as well as past government and institutional failures. In addition it is indicated that the effect of desertification usually involves ecological changes that sap land of its ability to sustain agriculture and human habitation, therefore the most serious threat to human welfare. Desertification diminishes the ability of affected countries to produce food and consequently entail the reduction of regional and global food- producing potential with impacts on world food reserves and food trade. The solution given to mitigate desertification in Ethiopia is that the present strategies are intended to combat desertification, through different action programmes such as improving knowledge on drought and desertification, basic infrastructure, institutional organisations and capacity, awareness and participation as well as empowerment of women.

The analysis also shows that priority was given to socio-economical aspect of the country not directly to combat desertification. It is suggested that in order to mitigate the land degradation, promotion of alternative livelihood is necessarily and this is reported to be achieved through industrialisation, rural credit programmes, intensification and diversification of agriculture, building awareness and access to information, enhancement of institutional organisations, participatory natural resource management, encouraging the private sector in involvement in forest development etc. Finally the analysis identifies different discourses, such as the survivalism, anthropocentrism, ecological modernisation, administrative- rationalism, economic rationalism and democratic pragmatism. Likewise the conflict that prevails between the discourses is discussed.

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Books on the topic "Desertification in Ethiopia"

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Environment, famine, and politics in Ethiopia: A view from the village. Boulder: L. Rienner Publishers, 1990.

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2

Sommet de l'IGADD (4th 1993 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia). Quatrième Sommet de l'Assemblée des chefs d'état et de gouvernement: Débats du Quatrième Sommet de l'IGADD, les 6 et 7 septembre 1993, Addis Abéba, Ethiopie. [Djibouti]: Autorité intergouvernementale sur la sécheresse et le développement en Afrique de l'est, 1993.

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3

Dejene, Alemneh. Environment, Famine, and Politics in Ethiopia: A View from the Village. L. Rienner Publishers, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Desertification in Ethiopia"

1

Sonneveld, B. G. J. S., S. Pande, K. Georgis, M. A. Keyzer, A. Seid Ali, and A. Takele. "Land Degradation and Overgrazing in the Afar Region, Ethiopia: A Spatial Analysis." In Land Degradation and Desertification: Assessment, Mitigation and Remediation, 97–109. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-8657-0_8.

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2

Reda, Kelemework Tafere, and Desta Gebremichael Gidey. "Combatting Desertification Through Soil and Water Conservation and Environmental Rehabilitation Measures: Experiences from the Tigray Region, Ethiopia." In International Yearbook of Soil Law and Policy 2019, 89–106. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52317-6_5.

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3

Coppock, D. Layne. "Pastoral System Dynamics and Environmental Change on Ethiopia’s North-Central Borana Plateau—Influences of Livestock Development and Policy." In The End of Desertification?, 327–62. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-16014-1_12.

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4

Mersha, Engida, and Vijendra K. Boken. "Agricultural Drought in Ethiopia." In Monitoring and Predicting Agricultural Drought. Oxford University Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195162349.003.0027.

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In Ethiopia, 85% of the population is engaged in agriculture (CSA, 1999). Agriculture supplies a significant proportion of the raw materials for the agro-industries, and accounts for 52% of the gross product and 90% of the export earnings. A wide range of climatic, ecological, and socioeconomic diversities influence Ethiopian agriculture. The dependency of most of the population on rain-fed agriculture has made the country’s economy extremely vulnerable to the effects of weather and climate, which are highly variable both temporally and spatially. If rains fail in one season, the farmer is unable to satisfy his needs and pay his obligations (tax, credit, etc). Farmers remain in the bottom line of poverty and lead a risky life. Moreover, due to climatic change and other human-induced factors, areas affected by drought and desertification are expanding in Ethiopia (NMSA, 1996a; WMO, 1986). There are three major food supply systems in Ethiopia (IGADD, 1988; Teshome, 1996): crop, livestock, and market-dependent systems. Cropbased systems are practiced principally over the highlands of the country and comprise a very diverse range of production, depending on altitude, rainfall, soil type, and topography. Any surplus above the farmer’s need is largely dependent on, for example, good weather conditions, absence of pests and diseases, availability of adequate human and animal power. Failure of rains during any cropping season means shortage of food supply that affects farmers and others. The livestock system constitutes about 10% of the total population, which is largely based in arid and semiarid zones of the country. This system is well adapted to highly variable climatic conditions and mainly depends on animals for milk and meat and is usually supplemented by grains during nondrought years. Approximately 15% of the Ethiopian population is market dependent and is affected by the preceding two food supply systems. Its food supply (grain, pulses, and oil seeds) has been facing serious shortages due to recurring droughts. People’s purchasing power determines access to food in the market-dependent food supply system. In Ethiopia, an agricultural drought is assessed using the concept of the length of growing period (LGP).
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