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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Desertification – Namibia

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Academic literature on the topic 'Desertification – Namibia'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Desertification – Namibia"

1

Bethune, Shirley. "Review of Legislation and Policies Pertinent to Combating Desertification – A Case Study from Namibia." Review of European Community & International Environmental Law 12, no. 2 (2003): 176–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9388.00358.

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Deutsch, Cralan. "Barking Dogs: Community-Based Organisations (CBOS) in Post-Apartheid Namibia." Practicing Anthropology 25, no. 2 (2003): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.25.2.b480k1325x465k77.

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Through applied research, NGOs may work towards implementing a benign form of intervention, not only well-intentioned but also effective, a positive postscript to 400+ years of colonialism. Specifically, NGOs utilizing participatory approaches may counter some of the structural imbalances created by the recent social and environmental history of southern Africa, which has been marred by the predatory antics of apartheid. This paper presents findings from participatory research into local perceptions by pastoralists in Namibia concerning CBOs, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and desertification. During fieldwork feedback sessions were implemented to apply findings. Participatory exercises were used to draw up a list of indicators and criteria for evaluating the success of communitybased projects in the area. Surveys were conducted at 50 households spread over three sites, and are representative of a majority of local households. Sites were differentiated by varying levels of social organisation, project initiative, and contact with NGOs. Three surveys were used; household economics, range management, and CBO/NGO participation. Results presented here are from the CBO/NGO survey. Results are presented which indicate a level of perception and ability to discuss the work of local committees, CBOs, which is twice as high as the ability to name and discuss externally-based NGOs. Local expectations between the two types of organisations are differentiated.

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NANGULA, S., and G. OBA. "Effects of artificial water points on the Oshana ecosystem in Namibia." Environmental Conservation 31, no. 1 (2004): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892904001079.

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In the semi-arid rangelands of the Oshana ecosystem in Northern Namibia, there are general concerns that artificial water points for domestic use contribute to the processes that lead to desertification. The processes begin in piospheres of artificial water points. Among the processes suggested to correlate with radial distance and age of water points are loss of perennial grass species, an increase in annuals, and general loss of herbaceous species richness, herbaceous biomass and grass cover, as well as an increase in forb cover and in bare ground and litter cover. Radial distance and age of artificial water points impacts were compared using these indicators with benchmarks in saline grassland and mopane landscape at the end of the wet season. Radial distance influenced herbaceous species richness, grass cover and bare ground, while the variability of the perennial:annual grass ratio, herbaceous biomass, forb and litter cover were attributed to differences between landscape types. Age of water points influenced only herbaceous species richness, while forb cover was associated more with water points than benchmarks. Forb cover was sporadic in relation to age of water points. In the Oshana ecosystem, therefore, radial-grazing distance could not be used to explain changes in the perennial:annual grass ratio. Many of the changes were explained by differences between landscape types. The mopane landscape was more vulnerable to degradation induced by artificial water points than the grassland landscape. The implication is that, in the future, greater care should be taken to space water points in the mopane landscape.

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Duffy, Patrick, and Elizabeth Migongo-Bake. "The application of EIA in the evaluation of sustainable desertification control activity: examples from Namibia and Inner Mongolia." Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal 21, no. 1 (2003): 65–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3152/147154603781766482.

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5

Buyer, Jeffrey S., Anne Schmidt-Küntzel, Matti Nghikembua, Jude E. Maul, and Laurie Marker. "Soil microbial communities following bush removal in a Namibian savanna." SOIL 2, no. 1 (2016): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-101-2016.

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Abstract. Savanna ecosystems are subject to desertification and bush encroachment, which reduce the carrying capacity for wildlife and livestock. Bush thinning is a management approach that can, at least temporarily, restore grasslands and raise the grazing value of the land. In this study we examined the soil microbial communities under bush and grass in Namibia. We analyzed the soil through a chronosequence where bush was thinned at 9, 5, or 3 years before sampling. Soil microbial biomass, the biomass of specific taxonomic groups, and overall microbial community structure was determined by phospholipid fatty acid analysis, while the community structure of Bacteria, Archaea, and fungi was determined by multiplex terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Soil under bush had higher pH, C, N, and microbial biomass than under grass, and the microbial community structure was also altered under bush compared to grass. A major disturbance to the ecosystem, bush thinning, resulted in an altered microbial community structure compared to control plots, but the magnitude of this perturbation gradually declined with time. Community structure was primarily driven by pH, C, and N, while vegetation type, bush thinning, and time since bush thinning were of secondary importance.

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Buyer, J. S., A. Schmidt-Küntzel, M. Nghikembua, J. E. Maul, and L. Marker. "Soil microbial communities following bush removal in a Namibian savanna." SOIL Discussions 2, no. 2 (2015): 1393–418. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/soild-2-1393-2015.

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Abstract. Savanna ecosystems are subject to desertification and bush encroachment, which reduce the carrying capacity for wildlife and livestock. Bush thinning is a management approach that can, at least temporarily, restore grasslands and raise the grazing value of the land. In this study we examined the soil microbial communities under bush and grass in Namibia. We analyzed the soil through a chronosequence where bush was thinned at 9, 5, or 3 years before sampling. Soil microbial biomass, the biomass of specific taxonomic groups, and overall microbial community structure was determined by phospholipid fatty acid analysis, while the community structure of Bacteria, Archaea, and fungi was determined by multiplex terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Soil under bush had higher pH, C, N, and microbial biomass than under grass, and the microbial community structure was also altered under bush compared to grass. A major disturbance to the ecosystem, bush thinning, resulted in an altered microbial community structure compared to control plots, but the magnitude of this perturbation gradually declined with time. Community structure was primarily driven by pH, C, and N, while vegetation type, bush thinning, and time since bush thinning were of secondary importance.

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7

Vallejo Orti, Miguel, Kaleb Negussie, Eva Corral-Pazos-de-Provens, Bernhard Höfle, and Olaf Bubenzer. "Comparison of Three Algorithms for the Evaluation of TanDEM-X Data for Gully Detection in Krumhuk Farm (Namibia)." Remote Sensing 11, no. 11 (2019): 1327. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11111327.

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Namibia is a dry and low populated country highly dependent on agriculture, with many areas experiencing land degradation accelerated by climate change. One of the most obvious and damaging manifestations of these degradation processes are gullies, which lead to great economic losses while accelerating desertification. The development of standardized methods to detect and monitor the evolution of gully-affected areas is crucial to plan prevention and remediation strategies. With the aim of developing solutions applicable at a regional or even national scale, fully automated satellite-based remote sensing methods are explored in this research. For this purpose, three different algorithms are applied to a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) generated from the TanDEM-X satellite mission to extract gullies from their geomorphological characteristics: (i) Inverted Morphological Reconstruction (IMR), (ii) Smoothing Moving Polynomial Fitting (SMPF) and (iii) Multi Profile Curvature Analysis (MPCA). These algorithms are adapted or newly developed to identify gullies at the pixel level (12 m) in our study site in the Krumhuk Farm. The results of the three methods are benchmarked with ground truth; specific scenarios are observed to better understand the performance of each method. Results show that MPCA is the most reliable method to identify gullies, achieving an overall accuracy of approximately 0.80 with values of Cohen Kappa close to 0.35. The performance of these parameters improves when detecting large gullies (>30 m width and >3 m depth) achieving Total Accuracies (TA) near to 0.90, Cohen Kappa above 0.5, and User Accuracy (UA) and Producer Accuracy (PA) over 0.50 for the gully class. Small gullies (<12 m wide and <2 m deep) are usually neglected in the classification results due to spatial resolution constraints within the input DEM. In addition, IMR generates accurate results for UA in the gully class (0.94). The MPCA method developed here is a promising tool for the identification of large gullies considering extensive study areas. Nevertheless, further development is needed to improve the accuracy of the algorithms, as well as to derive geomorphological gully parameters (e.g., perimeter and volume) instead of pixel-level classification.

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8

Menestrey Schwieger, Diego A., and Meed Mbidzo. "Socio-historical and structural factors linked to land degradation and desertification in Namibia's former Herero 'homelands'." Journal of Arid Environments 178 (July 2020): 104151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2020.104151.

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9

Strohbach, Ben J. "Vegetation of the eastern communal conservancies in Namibia: I. Phytosociological descriptions." Koedoe 56, no. 1 (2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/koedoe.v56i1.1116.

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The establishment of communal conservancies aims to have the local communities share in the benefits especially of wildlife resources, in this way spearheading the conservation of the environment. The Desert Margins Programme in Namibia aimed to develop vegetation resource data for the Otjituuo, Okamatapati, Ozonahi, African Wild Dog, Otjinene, Epukiro, Otjombinde, Omuramba Ua Mbinda, Eiseb and Ondjou communal conservancies, in order to assist with natural resource planning. For this purpose, a phytosociological survey of this area, with 422 relevés, was conducted during 2004. The data was captured in Turboveg and forms part of the Namibian phytosociological database (GIVD AF-NA-001). The data was split into two, representing two major land forms, the ‘hardeveld’ and the ‘sandveld’, respectively. A classification was undertaken using the Modified two-way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN) procedure. Further refinements, based on field observations and literature sources, were performed using Cocktail procedures. Thirteen vegetation associations were formally described in this article, of which two were subdivided into subassociations. These associations can broadly be grouped into broad-leaved savanna types typical of the central and northern Kalahari of Namibia and microphyll savannas found on the transitions to the Central Plateau. One association, the Burkeo africanae–Pterocarpetum angolensis, forms the southern fringe of the Zambesian Baikiaea Woodlands ecoregion of the World Wildlife Fund, whilst all the other associations fall within the Kalahari Acacia–BaikiaeaWoodlands ecoregion. The Combreto collini–Terminalietum sericeae is the most widespread association and dominates the landscape. Threats to the vegetation include overutilisation and regular fires, both of which could easily lead to desertification. This threat is aggravated by global climate change.Conservation implications: This article described 13 plant associations of the central Kalahari in eastern Namibia, an area hitherto virtually unknown to science. The information presented in this article forms a baseline description, which can be used for future monitoring of the vegetation under communal land use.

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10

Strohbach, Ben J. "Online appendix 1:Vegetation of the eastern communal conservancies in Namibia: I. Phytosociological descriptions." Koedoe 56, no. 1 (2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/koedoe.v56i1.1116-1.

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The establishment of communal conservancies aims to have the local communities share in the benefits especially of wildlife resources, in this way spearheading the conservation of the environment. The Desert Margins Programme in Namibia aimed to develop vegetation resource data for the Otjituuo, Okamatapati, Ozonahi, African Wild Dog, Otjinene, Epukiro, Otjombinde, Omuramba Ua Mbinda, Eiseb and Ondjou communal conservancies, in order to assist with natural resource planning. For this purpose, a phytosociological survey of this area, with 422 relevés, was conducted during 2004. The data was captured in Turboveg and forms part of the Namibian phytosociological database (GIVD AF-NA-001). The data was split into two, representing two major land forms, the ‘hardeveld’ and the ‘sandveld’, respectively. A classification was undertaken using the Modified two-way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN) procedure. Further refinements, based on field observations and literature sources, were performed using Cocktail procedures. Thirteen vegetation associations were formally described in this article, of which two were subdivided into subassociations. These associations can broadly be grouped into broad-leaved savanna types typical of the central and northern Kalahari of Namibia and microphyll savannas found on the transitions to the Central Plateau. One association, the Burkeo africanae–Pterocarpetum angolensis, forms the southern fringe of the Zambesian Baikiaea Woodlands ecoregion of the World Wildlife Fund, whilst all the other associations fall within the Kalahari Acacia–BaikiaeaWoodlands ecoregion. The Combreto collini–Terminalietum sericeae is the most widespread association and dominates the landscape. Threats to the vegetation include overutilisation and regular fires, both of which could easily lead to desertification. This threat is aggravated by global climate change.Conservation implications: This article described 13 plant associations of the central Kalahari in eastern Namibia, an area hitherto virtually unknown to science. The information presented in this article forms a baseline description, which can be used for future monitoring of the vegetation under communal land use.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Desertification – Namibia"

1

Tshikesho, Desiderius Raimund. "A study of perceptions, knowledge and understanding of desertification and its causes among decision makers in northern Namibia." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003664.

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This study was aimed at investigating the perceptions, knowledge and understanding of desertification and its causes among decision makers in northern Namibia. The focus of investigation was on desertification and its major causes as identified in the general literature, viz. deforestation, overgrazing and overcultivation. Particular attention was given to the socioeconomic and cultural factors which are behind these perceived 'ecological' causes of desertification. Furthermore, the respondents were also engaged in the generation of solutions to the problem of desertification and its causes. Data collection was based on semi-structured interviews with the regional governors, councillors and chief headmen from the four northern regions. A qualitative approach was adopted for the research and findings are essentially descriptive and qualitative. It is anticipated that the study will make an important contribution to the current debate on desertification in Namibia, specifically with regard to the perceptions, knowledge and understanding of desertification and its causes among the decision makers in northern Namibia.

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2

Potgieter, Henriette Cornelia. "Avian ecology of arid habitats in Namibia / Henriette Cornelia Potgieter." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/15505.

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Examination of bird assemblages along an environmental gradient which encompasses both climate and habitat change is needed if we are to better understand the potential effects of these changes for avians and the ecological process that depend upon them. Climate change is predicted to have a significant impact on deserts and desert margins, resulting in distributional shifts of entire ecosystems and new community associations. This study explores the probable responses of avian communities to increasing desertification. In general, species richness and numbers of birds in arid zones are low compared to more mesic areas. Different combinations of habitat types and the variety of patches in a landscape influence the diversity and community structures of avians in that landscape. The role of vegetation structure in avian habitat selection in semi-arid areas is dictated by horizontal habitat density as well as vertical structure. Although bird distribution is determined by habitat boundaries, most birds are flexible and can disperse across small habitat barriers. The hypothesis tested, was that bird species assemblages along an aridity gradient are affected primarily by rainfall and secondarily by habitat type. Assessing the impacts of rainfall and habitat on bird variables, such as species richness, abundance, diversity, biomass, and life history traits, were the objectives of the study. An east-west aridity gradient of 300 mm, stretching over 370 km, was chosen in central Namibia for the study area. The climate is harsh with localised rain and considerable daily fluctuations in temperature. Grasses, and trees and shrubs up to 7 m in height are the co-dominant life-forms. Surveys were conducted over three years; one winter and one summer survey in each year. Rainfall, seasons and vegetation height were recorded as environmental variables. Three structurally different habitat types were selected for stratified sampling: open areas, rivers and thickets. Open areas were dominated by grass; river refers to ephemeral dry river lines with mature trees; and thickets comprise woody shrubs and trees. At each site, the same three habitats were used for bird sampling, resulting in 15 sample units. Sampling took place on 51 discontinuous line transects of 1km in length and without a width limit. Univariate analyses included ANOVA and t-tests. Multivariate analyses consisted of cluster analysis, MRPP tests, indicator analysis, Shannon diversity index and NMS ordinations. NMS bi-plots were used to define avian community structures responding to aridity, habitat, migration and life history traits. The results showed that bird species richness, abundance, and diversity remained relatively constant across the aridity gradient, until they declined significantly once a certain aridity threshold was crossed at the most arid site. There were significantly more bird species and individual birds at the wetter sites than at the drier sites. Rivers contained more birds than thickened or open habitat types, suggesting the importance of riparian habitat types for maintaining avian diversity. The three more mesic sites included higher numbers of species from the nesting and feeding guilds, regardless of habitat type, than the two more arid sites. The aridity threshold had a significant effect on bird community structures: more migrant and nomadic species, and omnivore and insectivore species persisted in very arid conditions. From the results it was predicted that climate change will cause avian species to undergo range shifts from west to east, resulting in community composition changes and a reduction in diversity. Life history traits affect the adaptive capabilities of bird species and it is predicted that nomadism, flexibility in diet, and adaptability of nesting requirements will contribute to species persistence in the drier conditions predicted under current climate change scenarios. Dry river lines will act as refugia for avian diversity, but crucial habitat types that currently contain less diversity are also important for maintaining unique avian assemblages.<br>MSc (Environmental Sciences), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

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Books on the topic "Desertification – Namibia"

1

Namibia's National Workshop to Combat Desertification (1994 Windhoek, Namibia). Proceedings of Namibia's National Workshop to Combat Desertification: Report from a national workshop, Windhoek, Namibia, 4-7 1994 /by Caroline Ashley. Desert Research Foundation of Namibia, 1994.

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2

Quan, Julian. A preliminary assessment of the economic impact of desertification in Namibia. Directorate of Environmental Affairs, Ministry of Environment and Tourism, 1994.

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3

SADC-ELMS Workshop (1997 Windhoek, Namibia). Combating desertification in southern Africa: The NAP process : SADC-ELMS Workshop, Windhoek, Namibia, 26-28 May 1997. Southern Environment and Land Management Sector Coordination Unit, Ministry of Agriculture, Co-operatives, Marketing, and Youth Affairs, 1997.

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4

International Symposium on Alternative Ways to Combat Desertification (2002 : Cape Town, South Africa), ed. Alternative ways to combat desertification: Connecting community action with science and common sense, 8 to 20 April 2002 : South Africa: Cape Town and rural communities, Namibia: Gobabeb and rural communities. Desert Research Foundation of Namibia, 2002.

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SADC Consultations and Workshop on Sub-Regional Action Programme in the Implementation of the Convention to Combat Desertification and its Urgent Action for Africa (1996 Windhoek, Namibia). Report on the SADC Consultations and Workshop on Sub-Regional Action Programme in the Implementation of the Convention to Combat Desertification and its Urgent Action for Africa: 16-18 January, 1996 Windhoek, Namibia. SADC Environment and Land Management Sector, Coordination Unit, Ministry of Agriculture, Co-operative, and Marketing, 1996.

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Namibia. Ministry of Agriculture, Water, and Rural Development., Desert Research Foundation of Namibia., and Namibia. Directorate of Environmental Affairs., eds. Namibia's National Programme to Combat Desertification. Produced for NAPCOD by the Desert Research Foundation in collaboration with the Directorate of Environmental Affairs, Ministry of Environment and Tourism, 1997.

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Namibia's Programme to Combat Desertification. Overview of the first phase of Namibia's Programme to Combat Desertification. Desert Research Foundation of Namibia, 1995.

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Shekupe, Aitana Elina, Desert Research Foundation of Namibia., and Summer Desertification Programme 11 (Namibia), eds. The role of indigenous fruit trees in farming systems in north central region Namibia: Summer Desertification Programme 11, Desert Research Foundation of Namibia. DRFN, 2003.

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Book chapters on the topic "Desertification – Namibia"

1

Seely, Mary, and Patrik Klintenberg. "Case Study Desertification: Central-Northern Namibia." In Tropical Forestry. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-19986-8_31.

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Stanley, W. "Herero, German and Afrikaner in Arid and Semi-Arid Eastern Namibia." In Desertification in the Third Millennium. Taylor & Francis, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/noe9058095718.ch33.

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