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Journal articles on the topic 'Desertion'
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CHEAH, W. L. "Dealing with Desertion and Gaps in International Humanitarian Law: Changes of Allegiance in the Singapore War Crimes Trials." Asian Journal of International Law 8, no. 2 (December 21, 2016): 350–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2044251316000308.
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AbstractBy studying British Indian Army [BIA] desertions during World War II, and British postwar trial responses, this paper explores the complicated dimensions of desertion and draws attention to the need for a more explicit and comprehensive approach to desertion in international humanitarian law. The paper focuses on less known British trials dealing with desertion, namely, war crimes trials conducted by the British in Singapore. It examines how these trials dealt with contested interpretations of desertion. Drawing on lessons from these trials, the paper then highlights gaps in today’s international humanitarian law framework, specifically, the need to take into account the realities of desertion, its different permutations, and the difficulties of differentiating between prisoners of war [POWs] and deserters.
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Monballyu, Jos. "Desertie naar de vijand in het Belgische frontleger tijdens de Eerste Wereldoorlog. Deel 2." WT. Tijdschrift over de geschiedenis van de Vlaamse beweging 72, no. 2 (July 2, 2013): 140–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/wt.v72i2.12214.
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Over de motieven waarom Belgische militairen tijdens de Eerste Wereldoorlog naar de Duitse vijand deserteerden is al veel geschreven. Volgens de Franstalige patriottische pers en literatuur van kort na de Eerste Wereldoorlog was die desertie uitsluitend te wijten aan de defaitistische ingesteldheid van de Vlaamse Frontbeweging en de talrijke aansporingen waarmee hun vier afgezanten naar de Duitsers (Jules Charpentier, Karel De Schaepdrijver, Vital Haesaert en Carlos Van Sante) de Vlaamse soldaten aan het IJzerfront bestookten. De Vlaamse historici probeerden die beschuldiging op allerlei manieren te weerleggen of schoven de verantwoordelijkheid voor die desertie in de schoenen van Antoon Pira en zijn Algemeen Vlaamsch Democratische Verbond. Geen enkele historicus ging daarbij na wat de deserteurs zelf over hun desertie naar de vijand te vertellen hadden. Dit deden zij nochtans uitvoerig tijdens de verschillende gerechtelijke ondervragingen waaraan zij na de oorlog werden onderworpen wanneer zij konden worden aangehouden. Het feit dat zij daarbij al strafbaar waren van zodra zij wetens en willens deserteerden ongeacht hun eigenlijke motief, liet hen daarbij toe om dit motief vrij complexloos mee te delen. Geen enkele van de overlopers van wie het strafdossier bewaard is, gaf echter toe dat hij omwille van de Vlaamse kwestie was overgelopen. Oorlogsmoeheid en de behoefte om zijn familieleden terug te zien waren, zoals in alle legers, de voornaamste motieven waarom zij naar de vijand deserteerden. Ook de Belgische Militaire Veiligheid en de krijgsauditeurs slaagden er trouwens niet in om een verband te leggen tussen de Vlaamse Frontbeweging en de Belgische deserties naar de vijand.________Desertion to the enemy in the Belgian front army during the First World War (part 2)Much has already been written about the reasons why Belgian soldiers deserted to the German enemy during the First World War. According to the French language patriotic press and literature dating from shortly after the First World War that desertion was exclusively due to the defeatist attitude of the Flemish Front Movement and the many exhortations with which their four representatives to the Germans (Jules Charpentier, Karel De Schaepdrijver, Vital Haesaert and Carlos Van Sante) bombarded the Flemish soldiers at the Yser Front. Flemish historians attempted in a variety of ways to refute that accusation or they shifted the responsibility for the desertion on to Antoon Pira and his Algemeen Vlaamsch Democratische Verbond (General Flemish Democratic Union). Not a single historian investigated what the deserters themselves had to say about their desertion to the enemy. However, the deserters gave extensive explanations during the detailed investigation that took place during the various judicial interrogations, to which they were submitted after the war if it was possible to arrest them. The fact that they were considered to have committed a criminal offence for having knowingly deserted whatever their actual motive, allowed them to communicate this motive without too many complexes. However, none of the defectors whose criminal records have been preserved admitted that he had defected for the sake of the Flemish Question. As is the case in all armies, the main reasons for desertion to the enemy were war-weariness and the longing to see members of their family. The Belgian Military Security and the military auditors were not able either to establish a causal link between the Flemish Front Movement and the Belgian desertions to the enemy.
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Eldegard, Katrine, and Geir A. Sonerud. "Female offspring desertion and male-only care increase with natural and experimental increase in food abundance." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 276, no. 1662 (February 25, 2009): 1713–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2008.1775.
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In species with biparental care, one parent may escape the costs of parental care by deserting and leaving the partner to care for the offspring alone. A number of theoretical papers have suggested a link between uniparental offspring desertion and ecological factors, but empirical evidence is scarce. We investigated the relationship between uniparental desertion and food abundance in a natural population of Tengmalm's owl Aegolius funereus , both by means of a 5-year observational study and a 1-year experimental study. Parents and offspring were fitted with radio-transmitters in order to reveal the parental care strategy (i.e. care or desert) of individual parents, and to keep track of the broods post-fledging. We found that 70 per cent of the females from non-experimental nests deserted, while their partner continued to care for their joint offspring alone. Desertion rate was positively related to natural prey population densities and body reserves of the male partner. In response to food supplementation, a larger proportion of the females deserted, and females deserted the offspring at an earlier age. Offspring survival during the post-fledging period tended to be lower in deserted than in non-deserted broods. We argue that the most important benefit of deserting may be remating (sequential polyandry).
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Abeel, Chris. "Passive Desertion." Urban Action 42 (2023): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.46569/ua.v42i0.3894.
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Jarno, Witold. "„Wbrew przysiędze” – dezercje w Wojsku Polskim w latach 1944–1947." Studia Historica Gedanensia 12, no. 1 (2021): 397–424. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/23916001hg.21.042.15102.
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[„Against the oath” – desertions in the Polish Army in 1944–1947] This article discusses the phenomenon of desertions in the Polish Army in the years 1944–1947. At that time it was a serious problem among soldiers, as the number of deserters can be estimated at around 30,000 people during this period. Of course, many factors influenced on the discipline and morale of the army, including political, economic, social or family conditions. The article describes the causes of desertion, its scale and trend of the phenomenon in the discussed period. The text also presents examples of so‑called collective desertions and actions taken by the communist authorities to limit this phenomenon in the army. With time, discipline began to improve and the number of desertions decreased. However, it was a process lasting several years.
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McDonald, Grant C., Innes C. Cuthill, Tamás Székely, and András Kosztolányi. "Remating opportunities and low costs underlie maternal desertion." Evolution 77, no. 1 (December 9, 2022): 97–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/evolut/qpac020.
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Abstract Parental care can enhance offspring survival but may impose significant costs to parents. The costs and benefits of care are key to understanding patterns of parental care, where parents can benefit by having their partner increase investment in care, while reducing their own effort. However, investigating the costs and benefits of parental care in wild populations is challenging. Here we use highly detailed behavioral observations in families of a small shorebird, where one parent frequently deserts its offspring, to explore the potential costs and benefits of desertion in a wild population. We first show that females desert their broods more frequently than males. Second, we investigate the benefits of this frequent female desertion in terms of additional mating opportunities, and the costs of desertion to females in terms of the growth and survival of deserted offspring. Our results indicate that female desertion is favored by a combination of remating benefits and a lack of costs to brood growth and survival, as abandoned male parents continue to provide care after desertion. Our results shed light on the costs and benefits underlying natural desertion strategies and suggest that female desertion is a fine-tuned behavior that responds to seasonally changing benefits of desertion.
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Kasprzycki, Remigiusz. "Plamy na honorze." Studia Historyczne 62, no. 3 (247) (March 18, 2022): 63–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/sh.62.2019.03.03.
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HONOR DISGRACED: PRE-WORLD WAR II DESERTIONS OF POLISH ARMY OFFICERS
During the Interwar period, desertions plagued the Polish Army. Many officers were counted among the thousands of rank-and-file soldiers who deserted prior to 1939. The desertion of officers was the most shocking of all peacetime abandonments, as they were supposed to be patriotic leaders of the men under their command. Officers deserted for myriad reasons, including fear of prosecution for illicit behavior, such as theft, and the discovery of cooperation or collusion with foreign agents. Of all the officer desertions during this period, the most spectacular took place in 1930 when Major Stanisław Krauss defected to Belgium and France. In 1934, a French court sentenced him to 5 years in prison for spying on French forces for Germany. The trial hit press headlines worldwide.
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Nussio, Enzo, and Juan E. Ugarriza. "Why Rebels Stop Fighting: Organizational Decline and Desertion in Colombia's Insurgency." International Security 45, no. 4 (2021): 167–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/isec_a_00406.
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Abstract Desertion, or the unauthorized exit from an armed group, has major implications for counterinsurgency, war termination, and recruitment dynamics. While existing research stresses the importance of individual motivations for desertion, organizational decline, in the form of military and financial adversity, can also condition desertion. Organizational decline undermines a group's instruments to channel individual preferences into collective action. These instruments include selective incentives, ideological appeal, and coercion. When the binding power of these instruments diminishes, individual desires start to dominate behavior, making desertion more likely. The Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) insurgency is used to examine this argument with a multimethod approach. First, a quantitative analysis employs unique data on more than 19,000 reported FARC deserters from 2002 to 2017, provided by the Colombian Ministry of Defense. Guarding against threats to causal inference, statistical analysis indicates that organizational decline drives desertion. Second, a qualitative analysis uses a large body of detailed reports on interviews with deserters conducted by Colombian military personnel. The reports demonstrate that organizational decline weakens selective incentives, group ideology, and a credible coercive regime, and fosters desertion through these mechanisms. These findings provide key insights for policymakers, given that desertion can both contribute to ending conflict and accelerate the recruitment of new combatants.
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Higgins, Kevin, and William Butler Yeats. "The Junkie's Desertion." Books Ireland, no. 224 (1999): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20631909.
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Piano, Ennio E., and Louis Rouanet. "Desertion as theft." Journal of Institutional Economics 16, no. 2 (June 3, 2019): 169–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744137419000250.
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AbstractTo be effective, an army must contain the extent of desertion among its ranks. This phenomenon rose to particular prominence in Europe during the 18th and 19th centuries, with the appearance of the figure of the “citizen-soldier” on the battlefield. This paper offers the first theoretical treatment of the issue of desertion from an economic perspective. Building on the work of Yoram Barzel on the “economic analysis of property rights,” we develop a “desertion as theft” framework. We then test the empirical implications of the framework against qualitative and quantitative evidence from Napoleonic France.
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Cheuse, Alan, and Abdulrazak Gurnah. "Review of Desertion." World Literature Today 80, no. 3 (2006): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40159077.
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Hadi Syahputra, Eko. "Criminal Law Policy On The Crime Of Desertion Performed By Members Of The Indonesian National Army." International Journal of Educational Research & Social Sciences 3, no. 4 (September 1, 2022): 1459–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.51601/ijersc.v3i4.448.
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An absolute requirement in military life is to comply with TNI regulations and official orders from each superior in order to uphold a life in the military that is full of high awareness. If these things are violated (desertion), it will only shake the joints of discipline and order in the TNI. The formulation of the problems in this study are: 1) What is the criminal law policy on desertion crimes committed by members of the Indonesian National Armed Forces? 2) What are the obstacles to criminal law policies against desertion crimes committed by members of the Indonesian National Armed Forces and what are the solutions. The author uses a normative juridical approach. The sociological juridical approach emphasizes research that aims to obtain legal knowledge empirically by going directly to the object related to this research. The results of this study are: 1) The criminal law policy against the criminal act of desertion in Indonesian military law is clearly regulated in Article 87 of the Criminal Procedure Code and the punishment for members who become the perpetrators of desertion is regulated in Article 88 of the Criminal Procedure Code. The application of military law against the perpetrators of the crime of desertion as a Military Member (TNI) carries a heavier penalty than the threat of punishment found in the general public, because the military is not only armed to maintain security but must be disciplined, instead of using desertion. Desertion in this case is absence without permission, intentionally for 30 consecutive days. 2) Obstacles in the implementation of military law against members of the Indonesian National Armed Forces (TNI) who commit the criminal act of desertion in general because the investigations carried out by Military Police investigators still often do not meet the formal and material requirements.
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Roulin, Alexandre. "Offspring Desertion by Double-Brooded Female Barn Owls (Tyto Alba)." Auk 119, no. 2 (April 1, 2002): 515–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/119.2.515.
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Abstract In double-brooded species, the sex that contributes less to breeding success may desert offspring before the end of the rearing period to start a new breeding attempt with another partner. I evaluated that prediction in the Barn Owl (Tyto alba), a species in which the male feeds the brood on average twice as often as the female. Among birds that produced a second brood, 46% of females and 4% of males deserted their offspring before completion of parental duties to remate with another partner at a distance of 1 to 10 km. Offspring desertion did not appear to incur a reproductive cost to the deserter, because deserting females at the first nest produced a similar number of offspring as nondeserting ones. In most cases, the new mate of deserting females had not been previously captured in the study area, and hence had probably not previously bred that season. Although the second clutch of deserting females was larger and produced two weeks earlier than that of nondeserting females, their nesting success did not differ.
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Banyś, Tomasz J. "PRZESTĘPSTWO DEZERCJI U SCHYŁKU OKRESU REPUBLIKAŃSKIEGO." Zeszyty Prawnicze 11, no. 1 (December 21, 2016): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/zp.2011.11.1.05.
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DESERTION AS A STANDALONE CRIME IN ANCIENT ROMESummary Desertion as a standalone crime in ancient Rome was penalised since the early republican period. While there are a limited number of sources available, certain characteristics of the act of desertion can be established, and so it can be stated to a certainty that absence from the signs or banners of a given military unit without proper authorisation, abandoning an officer, one’s post or the standard, or fleeing from combat were all considered desertion. The pressures of the later republican period demanded increased discipline in the army; therefore Gaius Julius Caesar began to treat the act of abandoning military equipment (weapons) as a form of desertion and introduced proper policy to counter such behavior, encouraging the troops to adorn their equipment so it would seem too precious to be left behind. This very form of desertion has long been considered to have emerged in later times, during the principate, however accounts given by Suetonius and Polyaenus on Caesar’s policy seem to imply the contrary, despite the general lack of development of military law during that time.
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Millán Delgado, Omar. "Clusters That Determine the Risks to University Desertion in Santander." International Education Studies 12, no. 6 (May 29, 2019): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ies.v12n6p17.
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The phenomenon of university desertion is the result of an inefficient system of the entire Colombian national educational structure. Under a predominantly descriptive, quantitative and statistical approach, it is intended to identify the behavior of the desertion in the universities of the department of Santander, with the purpose of knowing their state of control. The information collected in the present study, based on the application of structured instruments, is the input for the design of statistical models, where the dependent variable is highlighted as the intention of desertion risk and the explanatory variables are the rest which are grouped by means of clusters independently and not correlated; and in the end, identify their degree of influence on the proposed mathematical model. This model identifies the variables that most influence the risk of desertion, and the model obtained is the basis for the proposal of strategic activities, to the extent as these obey the variables that most influence the risk of desertion. In this way, the concentration of efforts on specific aspects through this model implementation is expected, and the maximization of effectiveness is achieved through the reduction of desertion rates in the department of Santander.
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Sangkara, Rismoyo Kurnia, and Riska Andi Fitriono. "Penanggulangan Tindak Pidana Desersi di Oditurat Militer (Studi Kasus di Oditurat II-07 Jakarta)." PLEDOI (Jurnal Hukum dan Keadilan) 3, no. 1 (March 30, 2024): 48–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.56721/pledoi.v3i1.308.
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Soldiers of the Indonesian National Army (TNI) are expected to be ready to carry out their duties and obligations and obey the rules and traditions of the command, but it has become a common thing in the military today if soldiers leave their unit without giving reasons or permission from their superiors. In addition to law enforcement activities, the purpose of this study is to identify the factors that contribute to the occurrence of the crime of desertion of TNI members. The method used in this research is Juridical-Empirical research, where information is collected through interviews with people involved in desertion criminal cases as well as by accessing literature data related to this research. The results showed that there are two main factors that cause the criminal act of desertion of TNI members, namely internal factors including mental and emotional states. External factors include the work atmosphere, family environment and economic factors in general which cause TNI to break the law by deserting. In the settlement carried out by the Unit, namely making a Military Police report, the Military Police conducts an investigation and investigation, then the Military Oditur issues an indictment, demands and the Military Court gives a decision. Based on this research, the author provides advice to the Government to pay more attention to the welfare of the TNI and to Military Units that receive applicants for the Indonesian National Army to pay more attention to physical and psychological conditions so that TNI members are more characterized and reflect an authoritative military attitude in the future.
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Fromhage, Lutz, John M. McNamara, and Alasdair I. Houston. "Stability and value of male care for offspring: is it worth only half the trouble?" Biology Letters 3, no. 3 (March 27, 2007): 234–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2006.0616.
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Models of parental investment often assume a trade-off for males between providing care and seeking additional mating opportunities. It is not obvious, however, how such additional matings should be accounted for in a consistent population model, because deserting males might increase their fertilization success at the cost of either caring males, other deserting males or both. Here, we present a game theory model that addresses all of these possibilities in a general way. In contrast to earlier work, we find that the source of deserting males' additional matings is irrelevant to the evolutionary stability of male care. We reject the claim that fitness gains through male care are intrinsically less valuable than those through desertion, and that the former must therefore be down-weighted by 1/2 when compared with the latter.
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Cruz, Ángel Becerra-Santa, Lucy Puño-Quispe, Carmen Rosa Apaza-Humerez, Joel Iván Prado-Laura, and Josué Edison Turpo-Chaparro. "Job Desertion and Job Satisfaction as Predictors of Organizational Commitment Among Peruvian Regular Basic Education Teachers." Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 12, no. 4 (July 5, 2023): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.36941/ajis-2023-0092.
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Objective: To determine whether job desertion and job satisfaction predict organizational commitment among Peruvian regular basic education teachers. Methods: Predictive study in 301 basic education teachers of both sexes in three regions (highlands, coast, and jungle) in Peru, where an intentional non-probabilistic sampling was applied. The information was collected by the Organizational Commitment Questionnaire (OCQ), the Teacher Satisfaction Scale (TSS) and the Job Desertion Questionnaire (JDQ) by Cardozo. Results: It was found that there is significant difference between men and women in the variables job satisfaction and organizational commitment (with the exception of job desertion). In addition, moderate and direct correlations were found between the variables (p<0.01). The regression analysis showed a significant linear relationship for the model (F=18.07; p<0.001) in which job satisfaction (?=0.241; p<0.001) and job desertion (?=0.215; p<0.001) are variables that predict Organizational Commitment (adjusted R2 = 0.102). Conclusion: Job desertion and job satisfaction significantly predict organizational commitment in Peruvian regular basic education teachers.
Received: 06 April 2023 / Accepted: 18 June 2023 / Published: 5 July 2023
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Affandi, Lutfi Adin, Ma'ruf Akbar, and Dedi Purwana. "Esprit de Corps and Desertion Intention in Indonesian Navy." Journal of Business and Behavioural Entrepreneurship 2, no. 2 (December 27, 2018): 51–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/jobbe.002.2.01.
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Losing members due to death in battle or desertion from their units is detrimental to the military unit. Both will interfere with the implementation of the overall task. Killed in battle were recorded as a hero and desertion was classified as an unlawful act. The desires of desertion of soldiers must be sought to be prevented, and become part of the task of the unit commander. Likewise, the work environment must be improved so that soldiers become comfortable in working or esprit de corps as a spirit of unity must be maintained and enhanced as the pride of the corps that is able to bind members in a single unit.
This quantitative study aims to empirically determine what factors directly influence the level of desertion intention of the soldier. By using structural equation modeling (SEM) estimation techniques on 302 Navy soldiers. The results of processing existing data found that esprit de corps is a very central aspect in an effort to reduce desertion intentions. Leadership also has a significant negative direct effect, although it is not as strong as esprit de corps, while the quality of work life has a direct but not significant negative effect on desertion intentions. It is interesting that the influence of leadership on esprit de corps is very significant. Leadership that pays attention to members through direct communication is capable of increasing unit esprit de corps.
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Ceballos, Johan, Scarlett Abalco, Daniel González, Guido Saltos, Ximena Suquillo, and Mauricio Angel. "Influence of Mathematics in The Desertion of Higher Education." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MATHEMATICS 16 (April 30, 2019): 8391–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jam.v16i0.8249.
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In the present work the different models of university desertion are analyzed, identifying the factors that have influence in the continuation of the studies of the students. These factors are essentials to defining what will be understood by university desertion and to elaborate the profile of the deserter. In the case of the Universidad de Las Américas (Quito, Ecuador), the main factors that influence the desertion are corroborated with those that have been established according to the existing bibliography and a descriptive study of these data is carried out, in order to elaborate indicators that allow us to predict the behavior of the student population with a higher risk of dropping out. An analysis is made relating the area of Mathematics and the desertion, seeing how this area influences the possibility of a student dropping out.
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MALAGÓN ESCOBAR, L. M., L. SOTO HERNÁNDEZ, and P. R. ESLAVA MOCHA. "La deserción en la Universidad de los Llanos (1998-2004)." Orinoquia 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 27–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.22579/20112629.166.
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Titulo en ingles: Desertion in the University of the Llanos. (1998-2004).RESUMEN: En Colombia, la deserción universitaria se ha convertido en problema estructural de la educación superior; de cada dos estudiantes del primer semestre, uno queda excluido en los procesos académicos y no logra su graduación como profesional al cabo de los muchos semestres de permanecer en el sistema. La Universidad de los Llanos se sumó en el año 2004 al programa gubernamental que buscaba investigar esta problemática en el país buscando identificar las posibles causas y a partir de los resultados, sugerir intervenciones para promover acciones específicas para disminuir el abandono universitario. Este trabajo se propuso caracterizar el comportamiento de la deserción en la Universidad de los Llanos, bajo la premisa de generar y proponer un seguimiento permanente que pudiese ser asumido por la administración académica de la Universidad a partir de los resultados obtenidos. Basados en una perspectiva Institucional según lo propuesto por Tinto (1989), para el análisis y conocimiento del comportamiento de la problemática; se procesó información correspondiente de las cohortes de estudiantes que ingresaron en el primer semestre de 1998 hasta el primero de 2004, así mismo se determinaron índices de deserción por programas académicos como análisis longitudinal y transversal; posteriormente, se analizan los factores generales que inciden en la deserción para cuantificar el impacto de tales causas sobre la decisión de abandonar los estudios, dados por factores socioeconómicos, académicos, personales e institucionales. Se encontró que el 44.0% de los estudiantes que ingresaron a la Universidad de los Llanos en las diferentes cohortes no terminaron sus estudios, siendo las Ingenierías de Sistemas y Electrónica las más afectadas por el abandono de sus estudiantes con un 56.0% y 55.0% respectivamente, el programa que presentó menor Índice de Deserción fue la Licenciatura en Educación Física y Deportes (33.0%). Este comportamiento reafirma las cifras obtenidas por las entidades reguladoras de la educación nacional, en donde el 52.0% de los estudiantes colombianos que comienzan una carrera universitaria, no la concluyen; entre los años 1999 y 2004, el 48.0% en promedio de los estudiantes que ingresaron a un programa académico en una Institución de Educación Superior finalizaron sus estudios. Se encontró que las causas que están generando mayor deserción es la Universidad de los Llanos son las “académicas” con un 48.0% frente al 26.0% que desertaron por causas socioeconómicas que incluyen el abandono por la baja condición económica del estudiante.Palabras clave: Deserción estudiantil en la educación superior, modalidades de deserción, Índices de deserción.ABSTRACT. In Colombia, the desertion of university students has become a structural problem of higher education. Almost one of every two students in their first semester is excluded from the academic process and doesn’t achieve graduation as a professional, after many semesters of remaining in the system. In the year 2004, the University of the Llanos (Unillanos) was added to a government program designed to investigate this national problem, in order to identify the possible causes, and based on the results, to suggest steps to promote specific actions to diminish university abandonment. This work proposed to characterize the behavior of desertion in the University of the Llanos, under the premise of suggesting and generating a permanent pursuit that could be assumed by the academic administration of the University, beginning with the obtained results. Based on an institutional perspective according to that proposed by Tinto (1989) for the analysis and understanding of the nature of the problem, information concerning the groups of students who entered the first semester of 1998 to the first semester of 2004 was processed. In the same way, desertion indexes were determined by academic programs, as longitudinal and transverse analysis. After that, the general factors that impact desertion are analyzed in order to quantify the impact of such causes on the decision to abandon one’s studies, given the socioeconomic, academic, personal, and institutional factors. It was found that 44.0% of the students that entered the Unillanos in the different groups didn’t finish their studies, computer and electrical engineering being the most affected by the desertion of their students with 56.0% and 55.0% respectively. The program that presented a lower index of desertion was the degree in physical education and sports (33.0%). This behavior reaffirms the figures obtained by the regulatory entities of national education, in which 52.0 % of Colombian students that begin a university career don’t finish it. Between the years 1999 and 2004, on the average, 48.0% of the students that entered an academic program in an institution of higher learning finalized their studies. It was found that the causes that are generating the major desertion in the University of the Llanos are “academic,” with 49.0%, as compared to socioeconomic with 26.0%, including the drop out from the precarious economic situation of the student.Key words: Desertion of students in higher education, patterns of desertion, indexes of desertion
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ZÜRCHER, Erik Jan. "Between Death and Desertion." Turcica 28 (January 1, 1996): 235–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/turc.28.0.2004343.
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Share, Bernard, and Brian Sibley. "The Circus Animals' Desertion." Books Ireland, no. 102 (1986): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20625718.
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Pearson, Lionel. "The prophasis of desertion." Classical Quarterly 36, no. 1 (May 1986): 262–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009838800010740.
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This statement, in Nicias' letter from Sicily, has puzzled readers and editors, and it has baffled translators, who expect phrases with ⋯π⋯ προɸάσει to indicate a pretext or ostensible reason for an action. In my first discussion of prophasis I suggested that ‘what Nicias means is that they are leaving without offering any other reason or pretext’ (except αὐτομολία), and Dover, in the Historical Commentary, goes halfway towards accepting this interpretation (‘though it is obscure, I do not think it is impossible’); but it does not satisfy me now, and it is firmly rejected by Hunter Rawlings. A different approach to the question is needed.Nicias is not concerned with any excuses or pretexts that these deserters are offering. He is explaining the ‘true prophasis’ of this epidemic of desertion, and does so in terms of opportunity — they can find employment in the enemy's forces and there are numerous opportunities elsewhere (Sicily is a large island). Translators may not want to render ⋯π' αὐτομολίας προɸάσει as ‘taking the opportunity to desert to the enemy’, arguing that ‘prophasis cannot mean opportunity’. But a prophasis is an explanation, true or false, that can be given for an action, and the best explanation (or excuse) can often be found in the circumstances — the opportunity that tempts or encourages. These deserters have a prophasis.This is not the only passage in Thucydides where ‘opportunity’ seems to be the word that translators need. A good example is in 4.126.5, where Brasidas is explaining how barbarian armies fight: αὐτοκράτωρ δ⋯ μάχη μάλιστ' ἃν κα⋯ πρόɸασιν το⋯ σᾡζεσθαί τινι πρεπόντως πορίσειε.
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Dzagoev, S. V. "Criminal liability for desertion." Право и государство: теория и практика, no. 1 (2023): 192–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.47643/1815-1337_2023_1_192.
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Monballyu, Jos. "Desertie naar de vijand in het Belgische frontleger tijdens de Eerste Wereldoorlog. Deel 1." WT. Tijdschrift over de geschiedenis van de Vlaamse beweging 72, no. 1 (April 1, 2013): 39–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/wt.v72i1.15953.
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Over het aantal Belgische militairen dat tijdens de Eerste Wereldoorlog aan het IJzerfront naar de Duitse vijand deserteerde is al veel geschreven. Dit gebeurde dan telkens op basis van secondaire bronnen, zoals de akte van beschuldiging in het strafproces van Adiel Debeuckelaere, de cijfers die Minister van Justitie Émile-Paul Janson op 6 november 1928 in de Kamer van volksvertegenwoordigers meedeelde, een Duits rapport van 1918 en de cijfers die auditeur-generaal John Gillissen over dat onderwerp vermeldde in een artikel over de Belgische militaire gerechtelijke organisatie tussen 1830 en 1981. Hoewel de desertie naar de vijand in de eerste plaats een militair-strafrechtelijk probleem was, vond tot nog toe geen enkele historicus het nodig om hierover de archieven van de militaire gerechtelijke instanties exhaustief te raadplegen. Het gevolg was dat de begrippen gesignaleerde overlopers, strafrechtelijk vervolgde overlopers, vrijgesproken overlopers, gestrafte overlopers en voortvluchtige overlopers in de historische literatuur over de Belgische desertie naar de Duitse vijand door elkaar werden gebruikt met alle gevolgen van dien. In de hiernavolgende studie worden deze begrippen wel nauwkeurig onderscheiden, waardoor het voor het eerst mogelijk werd om te analyseren wat het militair strafrecht toen precies onder desertie naar de vijand verstond, hoeveel Belgische militairen er precies voor dat misdrijf strafrechtelijk vervolgd werden en hoeveel er hiervan naderhand buitenvervolging werden gesteld, werden vrijgesproken, werden gestraft of voortvluchtig bleven. Op basis van deze laatste cijfers wordt dan precies worden nagegaan tot welke legerafdelingen en linieregimenten de militairen behoorden die werden gestraft wegens desertie naar de vijand, van welke gemeente zij afkomstig waren, welke beroepen zij uitoefenden en hoe zwaar zij precies werden gestraft.
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Desertion to the enemy in the Belgian front line during the First World War. Part 1
Much has already been written about the number of Belgian military who deserted to the German enemy at the front line along the IJzer during the First World War. These descriptions were always based on secondary sources, like the bill of indictment in the criminal process against Adiel Debeuckelaere, the figures stated by Minister of Justice Émile-Paul Janson in the Chamber of Representatives on 6 November 1928, a German report of 1918, as well as the figures about the subject listed by the auditor-general John Gillissen in an article about the Belgian military legal organisation between 1830 and 1981. Although the desertion to the enemy was in the first place a problem of military criminal law, until the present no historian has felt the need to research the subject exhaustively in the archives of the military legal institutions. The result of this was that concepts such as signalled defectors, defectors prosecuted in criminal proceedings, acquitted defectors, punished defectors and defectors on the run are used mixed together in the historical literature about the Belgian desertion to the German enemy with all the consequences that will entail. However, in the following study these concepts are carefully distinguished from each other. This allows us to analyse how military criminal law defined desertion to the enemy exactly, precisely how many Belgian military were prosecuted for that crime, and for how many of them the prosecution was stopped later, how many were cleared, were punished or remained on the run. Based on the latter figures it is established to which exact army departments and line regiments those military belonged who were punished for defection to the enemy, from which municipality they originated, what their professions were and what level of punishment they received.
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Portilla-Peña, Gladys Amanda, and Yuleima Agudelo-González. "Planes padrino en instituciones como mecanismo de deserción." Eco matemático 7, no. 1 (January 29, 2016): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.22463/17948231.1025.
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ResumenLa investigación se desarrolló en el marco de la investigación cuantitativa, correlacional, explicativa. Su objetivo fue analizar el proyecto “plan padrino” con el sector productivo de la región para estimular el apoyo económico a estudiantes en riesgo de deserción. Resultados: un 50% de los jóvenes que ingresan por primera vez y son apadrinados desertan por otras causas. La deserción disminuyó por año apoyada de factores académicos. Conclusión: El plan padrino permitió estudiar entre 1 y 4 jóvenes por semestre, no tuvo relevancia significativa en la deserción de las instituciones de educación superior.Palabras clave: apoyo económico, deserción, Plan padrino.AbstractThe research was developed within the framework of quantitative, correlational, explanatory research. Its objective was to analyze the project “padrino plan” with the productive sector of the region to stimulate the economic support to students at risk of desertion. Results: 50% of the young people who enter for the first time and are sponsored deserted for other causes. Dropout declined each year supported by academic factors. Conclusion: The sponsor plan made it possible to study between 1 and 4 young people per semester. It did not have significant relevance in the desertion of higher education institutions.keywords: Dropout, financial support, Sponsor plan.
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Pietrzak, Radosław. "Przestępstwa dezercji i samowolnego oddalenia się żołnierza w Związku Socjalistycznych Republik Sowieckich i Polskiej Rzeczypospolitej Ludowej." Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica 19, no. 2 (2020): 297–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/mhi.2020.19.02.14.
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Crimes of desertion and self moving away has been a problem since armed forces have been existing. In the past, crime of desertion mostly had been punishable by the death penalty and in combat situations, combat officers could even kill a deserter without any criminal trial or disciplinary proceedings. When progressive humanitarianization was in progress, penalties for discussed crimes were gradually liberalized in the entire world. Those acts have negative influence not only on the morale of the army and its strength as a consequence, but it can also be bad for society. On the other hand, the very important thing is the severity of the sanction for those prohibited acts in time of peace, in warpath and in combat situations. The next important thing is changes of criminal sanction in legislations of those two socialist countries for previously mentioned acts. In this article it was indicated, that both crimes of desertion and self moving away were similar, the difference between them was indicated and there is notice that act of desertion is more harmful and punished more severely than self moving away. The goal of this article is to show material and legal basis of penal responsibility for crimes of desertion and self moving away in USSR and Polish Peoples Republic.
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Gutiérrez, Bastián, Roberto Cortés, and Macarena Dehnhardt. "Modèle logistique de désertion à travers des techniques de régression et un arbre de décision pour l’efficience dans la destination des ressources : le cas d’une université privée chiliennee." Revue Internationale des Économistes de Langue Française 8, no. 1 (2023): 75–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.18559/rielf.2023.1.6.
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Logistic model of desertion using regression and decision tree techniques for resource allocation efficiency : The case of a Chilean private university. When education has become a fundamental right that must be maintained and consolidated, a problem arises that has given rise to numerous academic discussions and that seeks to consider holistically and critically the phenomenon of the growing massification of training offers, manifested in the exponential increase in access to postgraduate studies. Some approaches postulate that, not only is it necessary to implement policies to increase access coverage, but it is also necessary to address the quality of education, considering desertion and retention. In this context, this research aims to establish an analytical model that allows the development of retention and the prevention of the causes of desertion. For this purpose, we will use the methodology of supervised learning to determine the variables of analysis through regression techniques and a decision tree, creating a logistic model of desertion, capable of improving the efficiency in the destination of resources. Finally, this work will aim to provide a better understanding of the phenomena associated with the desertion and retention of students, to help in the management and decision-making process by institutions of higher education.
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Sailellah, Aswin Nugraha. "Application of Military Law Against TNI Members Who Commit Desertion Crimes." Jurnal Hukum Volkgeist 5, no. 2 (June 23, 2021): 115–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.35326/volkgeist.v5i2.846.
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This study aims to: 1) To analyze the application of military criminal law against members of the TNI perpetrators of desertion crimes; 2) To analyze the constraints in the enforcement of miiliter criminal law against members of the TNI perpetrators of desertion crimes. This study uses normative-empirical legal research, while the data analysis used is qualitative approach to primary data and secondary data. where in analyzing / processing data first held organizing of primary data obtained through related legislation and literature. Then the collected data is then discussed, compiled, elaborated, and interpreted, and reviewed the problem so that a conclusion is obtained as a problem solving effort. The results showed that the application of military criminal law against members of the TNI who were proven to commit desertion crimes is the authority of the military judiciary to prosecute him, then the stages in the form of investigations conducted by the Military Police on the orders of the Superior Who Has the Right to Punish (Ankum). furthermore, the investigation file is given to the Military Oditur to be studied, then the military oditur makes an indictment to be delegated to the Military Judiciary, after the judiciary feels sufficient with the files of the Military Oditur, then the military judiciary will prosecute members of the military who are accused of desertion. Furthermore, constraints in law enforcement related to desertion crimes are reviewed from 4 interrelated aspects, namely with regard to legal subtansi, the legal structure itself, facilities or infrastructure, and the community. The settlement of cases in the military judiciary at this time has been well arranged, but it is expected that all who play a role in the process of resolving military cases do all these stages based on Justice and Positive Law. The application of existing regulations must be done consistently and always conducted a review of desertion cases so that from these obstacles can be found solutions and solutions to reduce the quantity of desertion crimes.
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Yurén, Teresa, Miriam De la Cruz, Alfonso Cruz, S. Stella Araújo-Oliveray, and Marcos J. Estrada. "World School Life Versus Habitus: The breeding ground of an Educational Backward Mexico Migrant." education policy analysis archives 13 (February 8, 2005): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.14507/epaa.v13n13.2005.
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In this article, three topics are interrelated: school desertion, poverty and migration. The situation in Mexico with respect to desertion and the relationship between this and several factors associated with poverty is presented. It is argued that scholastic desertion has an expanding effect which depends on the concurrence of two factors: disenchantment with schools and the "habitus" people adopt in cases of extreme poverty to assure their survival. In regard to the first of these factors, the normal course of schooling (the methods and the programs that are preferred in school) is critically analyzed and other indications that scholastic education is changing are examined. In regard to the second of these factors, the case of migrant Mexicans who go to the United States is examined. The results of a survey in Mexican junior high schools are reported and exploratory interviews were conducted with migrating Mexicans. The conclusions of other research carried out in Mexico dealing with scholastic desertion are also reconsidered.
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Chastel, Olivier, and Hervé Lormée. "Patterns of Prolactin Secretion in Relation to Incubation Failure in a Tropical Seabird, the Red-Footed Booby." Condor 104, no. 4 (November 1, 2002): 873–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/condor/104.4.873.
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Abstract Prolactin levels rapidly drop after breeding failure in several terrestrial bird species, but in penguins prolactin secretion can be maintained well after failure. We measured prolactin secretion in relation to reproductive failure in a tropical seabird, the Red-footed Booby (Sula sula). Incubation failure was recorded in 7 nests (2 accidental losses, 5 desertions). Prolactin titers significantly decreased after incubation failure. In birds that accidentally lost their egg, prolactin titers declined but measurements 12 to 24 hr after failure were still above basal levels. Birds naturally deserting their egg exhibited prolactin titers typical of basal levels 6–24 hr after abandonment. Two birds showed lower prolactin concentration as early as 4–8 days before nest desertion, suggesting that a decline in prolactin levels may precede egg desertion. This study shows that in this tropical seabird, incubation failure results in a rapid cessation of prolactin secretion, as it does for terrestrial birds. Relación entre los Niveles de Prolactina y el Fracaso Reproductivo en un Ave Marina Tropical, Sula sula Resumen. Los niveles de prolactina de varias especies de aves terrestres disminuyen rápidamente después del fracaso reproductivo. Sin embargo, en los pingüinos la secreción de prolactina tiende a mantenerse inalterada después del fracaso reproductivo. Medimos los niveles de prolactina en relación al fracaso reproductivo en un ave marina tropical, Sula sula. Se observaron 7 eventos de fracaso reproductivo (2 pérdidas accidentales de huevos y 5 deserciones de nidos). En general, los niveles de prolactina disminuyeron significativamente después del fracaso reproductivo. En las aves que perdieron accidentalmente sus huevos, los niveles de prolactina disminuyeron, pero las medidas registradas 12 a 24 horas después del fracaso fueron superiores a los niveles basales. Los niveles de prolactina de individuos que espontáneamente abandonaron sus nidos, medidos 6 a 24 horas después del abandono, fueron similares a los niveles basales. Dos individuos presentaron concentraciones de prolactina bajas 4 a 8 días antes del abandono de sus nidos, sugiriendo que una disminución del nivel de prolactina podría preceder el abandono de los nidos. Este estudio demuestra que el fracaso de incubación de esta especie de ave marina tropical conlleva a una rápida cesación de la secreción de prolactina, tal como ha sido observado en las aves terrestres.
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Mirea, Andrei. "Under Arms in the Late Middle Ages in Central and Eastern Europe. The Case of the Ottoman Campaign." Revista Istorică 34, no. 4-6 (November 21, 2023): 323–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.59277/ri.2023.4-6.34.05.
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The article examines the context of the Moldavian-Ottoman war of 1476 from the perspective of the fighters’ desertion from the Christian armies involved in this military conflict (there are considered the armies of Moldavia, Hungary, and Poland). There is also highlighted the military, social and climatic context of Southeast Europe which contributed to the phenomenon of desertion in the summer of 1476. In the case of the army of Stephen the Great, it is argued that neither the militarily necessary to defeat the Crimean Tatar army nor the boyars’ treason can explain the desertion of a portion of the Moldavian army before the battle of Războieni.
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Mikheev, Dmitry V. "Running From the Edge of Earth: Desertion During Circumnavigations of the 16th Century." Journal of Frontier Studies 7, no. 3 (September 1, 2022): 239–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.46539/jfs.v7i3.355.
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The article is dedicated to the analysis of the cases of desertion in Spanish and English circumnavigations undertaken during the 16th century. Only four expeditions were able to overcome the Strait of Magellan and enter the Pacific Ocean, but there were many more attempts to repeat the voyages round the world, and in each we meet cases of desertion. The aim of the study is to identify common features of the described cases of desertion, and characteristics of the methods of maintaining order and discipline on ships. The crucial moment for most expeditions was the sectors from La Plata to the Strait of Magellan and attempts to cross the Strait of Magellan, as the ultimately dangerous part of the route. We find only one case of desertion in the Pacific Ocean, caused by the quarrel of the crew over captured spoil. In most part of the examples, desertion was caused by fear of the unexplored sea roads, by conflicts of interest and social contradictions, by personal enmity of crew members or by dissatisfaction with the actions of the leader of the expedition. The punishment for deserters at their homeland was surprisingly mild. The captains of the escaped ships not only saved their lives, but also continued their careers. But for every circumnavigation loss of even one ship was critical and could lead to difficulties or complete failure of the voyage.
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Wibowo, Dava Prawira. "The Decide Trials in Absentia in Desertion Crimes." Ius Poenale 4, no. 1 (March 31, 2023): 61–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.25041/ip.v4i1.2963.
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Military Members are limited by Laws and Military regulations so all the actions that are undertaken must also be based on Applicable laws and regulations. One of the most common crimes committed within the TNI is a criminal act of desertion desertion is the most prominent crime and must be done immediately resolved because it involves the integrity of the troop, it is necessary to regulate it specifically in order to be immediately decided and obtain legal certainty. However what if the military personnel who committed the crime of desertion could not found its existence or in this case the examination of the criminal act of desertion in absentia The method used by using a normative juridical approach method and supported by empirical juridical approach in the form of support from criminal law experts and law enforcement to support normative juridical data. Approach Normative juridical is done by seeing, analyzing and interpreting matters of a theoretical nature concerning legal principles through search related literature directly or indirectly direct Based on the results of research and discussion can be drawn a conclusion of the process the implementation of the desertion crime trial can be stated in absentia,if at the time of the third summons, the defendant still did not appear at the hearing (Law No. 31 of 1997 concerning Military Justice, Article 143). The judge's considerations in deciding the crime of desertion to three considerations, namely based on juridical considerations on formal statutory provisions, sociological considerations based on the social background of the defendant and for expediency, as well philosophical considerations with the aim that the sentence imposed against the accused as an effort to uphold discipline for each military member.
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Ivan, Mari Claudia. "Desertion, a Continuing Omissive Offense." International conference KNOWLEDGE-BASED ORGANIZATION 22, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 337–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/kbo-2016-0057.
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Abstract In the study, the author analyzes the offense of desertion, based on its features, on the constitutive elements of its legal contents and other essential conditions required by the crime. Being a crime by omission, the desertion is committed by not doing activities which are ordered by law (”passivity to legal orders”).
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Tiwana, Amrit. "Platform Desertion by App Developers." Journal of Management Information Systems 32, no. 4 (October 2, 2015): 40–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07421222.2015.1138365.
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Gauchet, Marcel. "Democratic Pacification and Civic Desertion." Thesis Eleven 29, no. 1 (May 1991): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/072551369102900102.
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Lazarus, John. "The logic of mate desertion." Animal Behaviour 39, no. 4 (April 1990): 672–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-3472(05)80378-1.
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McNamara, John M., and Alasdair I. Houston. "Credible threats and promises." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 357, no. 1427 (November 29, 2002): 1607–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2002.1069.
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We consider various implications of information about the other player in two–player evolutionary games. A simple model of desertion shows that information about the partner's behaviour can be disadvantageous, and highlights the idea of credible threats. We then discuss the general issue of whether the partner can convince the focal player that it will behave in a specific way, i.e. whether the focal player can make credible threats or promises. We show that when desertion decisions depend on reserves, a player can manipulate its reserves so as to create a credible threat of desertion. We then extend previous work on the evolution of trust and commitment, discussing conditions under which it is advantageous to assume that a partner will behave in a certain way even though it is not in its best interest.
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Wang, Longwu, Canchao Yang, Yu-Cheng Hsu, Anton Antonov, Arne Moksnes, Eivin Røskaft, Wei Liang, and Bård Gunnar Stokke. "Increase of clutch size triggers clutch destruction behaviour in common moorhens (Gallinula chloropus) during the incubation period." Behaviour 150, no. 2 (2013): 215–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-00003046.
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Conspecific brood parasitism (CBP) is common in a variety of animal taxa, including birds. In coots (Fulica spp.), and the closely related moorhens (Gallinula spp.), such parasitism is especially common, and hosts experience considerable costs through increased chick competition soon after hatching. Hence, these birds have evolved egg recognition and rejection abilities, e.g., egg counting, burying the foreign eggs, assigning them suboptimal positions within the mixed clutch, or deserting parasitized clutches. For common moorhens (Gallinula chloropus) it has been shown that desertion of parasitized nests pays most at the early egg laying stage. Later on, the costs of desertion exceed the costs of brood parasitism and acceptance is favoured. Here we tested moorhen egg discrimination behaviour during the incubation stage when acceptance of foreign eggs is expected. Four treatments were applied: (1) single added non-mimetic pale blue egg, (2) single added non-mimetic white chicken egg, (3) four foreign conspecific eggs added to the clutch and (4) four foreign conspecific eggs exchanged for four host eggs. Moorhens responded by egg destruction (47%) only to the increased clutch size but not to foreign egg colour and size match. In three nests where egg destruction occurred, all the eggs in the mixed clutch were destroyed by pecking, in two other nests one of the foreign eggs were pecked, while two other nests were deserted. These results are puzzling since moorhens have been shown to possess refined egg recognition abilities. To our knowledge, such destruction of parasitized clutches by moorhens during incubation has not previously been reported. We suggest that after clutch completion, moorhens use increase in clutch size as a cue to determine if they have been parasitized, and some individuals choose to reject parasitic eggs by deserting or destroying the whole clutch.
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Rodríguez Molano, José Ignacio, Leidy Daniela Forero Zea, and Yudy Fernanda Piñeros Reina. "Proposal of Architecture And Application of Machine Learning (Ml) as A Strategy For The Reduction of University Desertion Levels Due to Academic Factors." Ingeniería Solidaria 15, no. 29 (September 16, 2019): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.16925/2357-6014.2019.03.06.
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Introduction: Machine Learning arises as one of the techniques of artificial intelligence, with the development of computer programs that, through algorithms, access data and use them to learn and predict results. Their application in education allows for the characterization of problems or difficulties in learning through the analysis of student performance.
Objective: Identification of applications of Machine Learning that can be applied to the educational field accompanied by a proposal of architecture for the application in an environment of personalized education.
Methodology: This article begins with the review of the literature on the characteristics of Machine Learning and academic desertion, with an emphasis on the Colombian case, the Hyper-personalization and its applicability to learning methodologies. Then, a proposal of architecture in a Machine Learning environment is generated in order to mitigate the academic desertion caused by academic factors. Finally, we propose mechanisms for evaluating the proposed architecture, with a subsequent synthesis and discussion of the results.
Conclusions: The construction of a Moodle architecture for the hyper-personalization of learning, is a global perspective of the representative factors proposed for the development of applications through Machine Learning. This could lead to a decrease in levels of university academic desertion because it facilitates the management of knowledge, information and adaptation through the analysis of scenarios.
Originality: The proposed architecture is shown as an application of machine learning in social cases such as academic desertion, allowing the inclusion of automatic learning models with the requirements of an educational environment.
Restrictions: The case for the application for the Hyper-personalization of learning uses an academic approach which can generate invalid results regarding desertion levels.
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Strausberger, Bill M., and Dirk E. Burhans. "Nest Desertion by Field Sparrows and its Possible Influence on the Evolution of Cowbird Behavior." Auk 118, no. 3 (July 1, 2001): 770–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/118.3.770.
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Abstract In this study, Field Sparrows (Spizella pusilla) deserted 46% of nests, parasitized by Brown-headed Cowbirds (Molothrus ater) and only 1% of unparasitized nests suggesting that desertion functions primarily as an antiparasite defense. Sparrows did not desert nests following various clutch manipulations that are often associated with parasitism, indicating that desertion was not in response to the presence of cowbird eggs. Sparrows often deserted nests following encounters with real or mounted cowbirds, suggesting that nest desertion is a response to adult cowbirds. Sparrows deserted nests only in stages most vulnerable to the effects of parasitism. That finding is consistent with the possibility that desertion is a parasite-specific response. Sparrows arrived at nests earlier in the day at our Illinois site, where parasitism was greater, than in Missouri. Our findings confirm that host vigilance can prevent successful parasitism, and we provide the first direct evidence that encounters with cowbirds may cause hosts to desert nests. Our findings may help explain why cowbirds parasitize nests extremely early in the morning and lay rapidly. We suggest that consideration be given to host response following interactions with adult brood parasites because those interactions may have implications for both the ecology and evolution of both the parasite and host.
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DRISTARU, Gabriela. "Dezertarea în străinătate în timpul Primului Război Mondial. Studiu de caz." Studii şi Materiale de Istorie Contemporană 22 (March 25, 2024): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.62616/smic.2023.22.01.
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The article examines the topic of desertion in the Romanian army during World War I. Given the scarcity of studies in the field, the scope of the subject, and the early stage of the research, I chose to address the cases of desertion to a foreign country. This was a crime with a lower frequency and, therefore, easier to document. By presenting several examples, I examine who were the deserters, and, above all, what were the reasons behind their decision. The main sources for the contribution are the documents of the law enforcement institutions and those of the Courts Martial. I therefore also explore how the Romanian authorities managed the problem of desertion. However, I do not provide definitive answers on the topic. I rather propose working hypotheses and scenarios, necessary for further research and analysis of the subject.
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Grim, Tomáš. "Experimental evidence for chick discrimination without recognition in a brood parasite host." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 274, no. 1608 (November 21, 2006): 373–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2006.3731.
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Recognition is considered a critical basis for discriminatory behaviours in animals. Theoretically, recognition and discrimination of parasitic chicks are not predicted to evolve in hosts of brood parasitic birds that evict nest-mates. Yet, an earlier study showed that host reed warblers ( Acrocephalus scirpaceus ) of an evicting parasite, the common cuckoo ( Cuculus canorus ), can avoid the costs of prolonged care for unrelated young by deserting the cuckoo chick before it fledges. Desertion was not based on specific recognition of the parasite because hosts accept any chick cross-fostered into their nests. Thus, the mechanism of this adaptive host response remains enigmatic. Here, I show experimentally that the cue triggering this ‘discrimination without recognition’ behaviour is the duration of parental care. Neither the intensity of brood care nor the presence of a single-chick in the nest could explain desertions. Hosts responded similarly to foreign chicks, whether heterospecific or experimental conspecifics. The proposed mechanism of discrimination strikingly differs from those found in other parasite–host systems because hosts do not need an internal recognition template of the parasite's appearance to effectively discriminate. Thus, host defences against parasitic chicks may be based upon mechanisms qualitatively different from those operating against parasitic eggs. I also demonstrate that this discriminatory mechanism is non-costly in terms of recognition errors. Comparative data strongly suggest that parasites cannot counter-evolve any adaptation to mitigate effects of this host defence. These findings have crucial implications for the process and end-result of host–parasite arms races and our understanding of the cognitive basis of discriminatory mechanisms in general.
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Walker, Sarah. "Prevention of school desertion in Colombia." International Journal on School Disaffection 2, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 40–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.18546/ijsd.02.1.07.
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Chan, Kwok-bun, and Nin Chan. "Hybridity and the Politics of Desertion." Visual Anthropology 24, no. 1-2 (December 10, 2010): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08949468.2011.525454.
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Beissinger, Steven R., and Noel F. R. Snyder. "Mate desertion in the snail kite." Animal Behaviour 35, no. 2 (April 1987): 477–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-3472(87)80273-7.
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Peaty, John. "The desertion crisis in Italy, 1944." RUSI Journal 147, no. 3 (June 2002): 76–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03071840208446781.
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