Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Desgaste abrasivo'
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Cozza, Ronaldo Câmara. "Estudo do comportamento do coeficiente de desgaste e dos modos de desgaste abrasivo em ensaios de desgaste micro-abrasivo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3151/tde-31032008-101929/.
Full textThis work presents a study on the behavior of different materials under the action of micro-abrasive wear. A micro-abrasive wear testing machine with fixed sphere was designed and constructed, presenting a mechanical configuration with differences with respect to those found in the literature (Gee et al., 2005). M2 tool steel and WC-Co P20 were used as testing specimen materials. Ball materials were cemented AISI 1010 steel and quenched and tempered AISI 52100 steel. During the tests, an abrasive slurry, prepared with black silicon carbide (SiC) particles (average particle size of 5 µm), was supplied to the contact between the specimen and the ball. Initially, preliminary tests were conducted to study the wear mode transitions that can occur during the micro-abrasive wear and to analyze the operational conditions of the equipment. The wear mode transitions were evaluated as a function of the applied normal load and of the materials used. The results indicated good reproducibility and qualitative agreement with those found in the litarature. Later, a new set of tests was conducted, which analyzed the evolution of the abrasive wear modes and the achievement of steady state wear as a function of sliding distance. The results indicated a continuous variation in the abrasive wear modes with sliding distance. Additionally, in some tests, the wear coefficient tended to stabilize in constant value, which characterizes the achievement of steady state regime. However, in other tests, the wear coefficient presented a non constant evolution of wear coefficient with the sliding distance, which denotes that the constant regime of wear was not obtained.
Cozza, Ronaldo Câmara. "Estudo do desgaste e atrito em ensaios micro-abrasivos por esfera rotativa fixa em condições de força normal constante e pressão constante." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3151/tde-26082011-143752/.
Full textThe micro-scale abrasive wear test by rotative ball has gained large acceptance in universities and research centers, being widely used in studies on the abrasive wear of materials. Two wear modes are usually observed in this type of test: rolling abrasion results when the abrasive particles roll on the surface of the tested specimen, while grooving abrasion is observed when the abrasive particles slide; the type of wear mode has a significant effect on the overall behaviour of a tribological system. Several works on the friction coefficient during abrasive wear tests are available in the literature, but only a few were dedicated to the friction coefficient in micro-abrasive wear tests conducted with rotating ball. Additionally, recent works have identified that results may also be affected by the change in contact pressure that occurs when tests are conducted with constant applied force. Thus, the purpose of this work is to study the relationship between friction coefficient and abrasive wear modes in ball-cratering wear tests conducted at constant normal force and constant pressure. Micro-scale abrasive wear tests were conducted with a ball of AISI 52100 steel and a specimen of AISI H10 tool steel. The abrasive slurry was prepared with black silicon carbide (SiC) particles (average particle size of 3 m) and distilled water. Two constant normal force values and two constant pressure values were selected for the tests. The tangential and normal loads were monitored throughout the tests and their ratio was calculated to provide an indication of the friction coefficient. In all cases, optical microscopy analysis of the worn craters revelated only the presence of grooving abrasion. However, a more detailed analysis conducted by SEM has indicated that different degrees of rolling abrasion have also occurred along the grooves. The results have also shown that: i) the sliding distance presents an important role on the wear mode transition, ii) for the selected values of constant normal force and constant pressure, the friction coefficient presented, approximately, the same range of values and ii) the friction coefficient was independent of the wear rate.
Gomes, João Jorge de Faria. "Identificação em processo de mecanismos de desgaste de rebolos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2001. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18135/tde-20032017-113947/.
Full textThe objective of this work is the development of a monitoring system able to identify in process the grinding wheel wear mechanism. Thus, initially the physical quantities, sensors types and monitoring systems strategies, developing status and their applications were researched. To get a reliable and efficient system was necessary a detailed study of the grinding wheel wear mechanism phenomenology. This study allows to define parameters in order to identify which type of wear is occurring, using indication obtained by the monitoring variables whose behavior is known, such as grinding power, vibration or metrological measurement. Two grinding wheel surface optical mapping systems are presented, those systems were utilized as base to developing a new mapping system of Grinding Acoustic Energy Distribution (DEAR). Experiments have been done with the new system, monitoring simultaneously other physical quantities, looking for a way to link the mapping graphic patterns generates by the new system with the wear type which was occurring, based on information obtained from the wear mechanism study. The results and analysis have shown that the DEAR map can be used to identify the predominant wear mechanism type which is occurring on a grinding wheel, in process. This information is very useful in the corrective actions when facing a grinding problem.
Marin, John Jairo Coronado. "Efeito do tamanho do abrasivo no desgaste de metais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3151/tde-23082010-105321/.
Full textIn this research, the effect of abrasive size on the wear resistance of five metallic materials was investigated. Abrasive wear tests using a pin test on alumina paper were carried out using abrasive sizes between 16 µm and 192 µm. The wear surface of the specimens was examined by scanning electron microscopy for identifying the wear micromechanism and the type of microchips formed on the abrasive paper (wear debris). In a first series of experiments mottled cast iron samples with M 3 C carbides were tested. The samples were quenched and tempered in temperatures ranging from 300°C to 600°C. For small abrasive particles, the wear mass loss increased linearly with the increase of particle size. However, for higher abrasive sizes the wear mass loss increased much more slowly. For lower abrasive sizes the main wear mechanism was microcutting. For higher abrasive sizes, the main wear mechanism was microploughing. In a second series of experiments white cast iron with M 3 C carbide with austenitic and martensitic matrix were tested. The results show that the mass loss for cast irons with austenitic and martensitic matrices increases linearly with the increase of particle size until the critical particle size is reached. The cast iron with austenitic matrix presented a critical abrasive size of 36 µm and for the martensitic cast iron, the critical particle size was about 116 µm. After the critical particle size is reached, the rate of mass loss of the cast iron with austenitic matrix diminishes to a lower linear rate, and for cast irons with martensitic matrix the curve of mass loss is non-linear and flattens when the critical particle size is reached. It becomes, then, constant, independent of additional size increases. The abrasive paper in contact with the iron of both austenitic and martensitic matrices presents fine continuous microchips and the main wear mechanism was microcutting before reaching critical particle size, and after that it presents deformed discontinuous microchips and the main wear mechanism was microploughing. This behavior of change in rates after reaching a critical size happened not only for mass loss versus abrasive size, but it was also observed both in curves of friction coefficient and specific cutting energy versus abrasive size. In a third series of experiments aluminum and AISI 1045 steel were tested. The first (FCC structure) showed similar behavior to that observed in the white cast iron with austenitic matrix and the latter showed similar behavior to that observed in white cast iron with martensitic matrix. Both aluminum and AISI 1045 steel show similar changes in the microchips morphology and in the wear micromechanisms, something that had been observed before in materials with hard second phase. In a fourth series of experiments gray cast iron was tested in order to demonstrate the relationship between the abrasive wear micromechanisms and the type of microchips, before and after achieving critical abrasive size. The grey cast iron did not show a transition in the curve of abrasive size against mass loss. The morphology of the chips was similar for the different sizes of abrasive (discontinuous). However, smaller abrasive sizes some thin continuous microchips were formed. The main abrasive wear micromechanism was microcutting for the different abrasives sizes tested. Therefore, it was shown that the critical abrasive size is related to the wear micromechanisms and the microchips morphology.
Ribas, Heraclito Inacio. "Resistencia ao desgaste abrasivo em metais duros sem cobalto." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 1991. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/handle/123456789/101460.
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Este trabalho tem por objetivo qualificar a resistência ao desgaste abrasivo de metais duros, compostos por carboneto de tungstênio e ligantes à base de níquel, endurecidos por elementos em solução sólida dissolvidos "in situ"(durante a sinterização). Esses ligantes foram desenvolvidos em trabalhos anteriores no LABMAT (Laboratório de Materiais - Eng Mecanica da UFSC). Devido aos empirismos das técnicas de medição de desgaste, as comparações dos resultados do novo metal duro foram feitas com o convencional (WC-Co) submetido ao mesmo ensaio. Com os resultados obtidos, vários gráficos foram traçados mostrando interessantes relações entre a propriedade da resistência ao desgaste abrasivo e outras propriedades e características.
OLIVEIRA, Marcelo dos Anjos. "Desgaste abrasivo do aço Hadfield com diferentes teores de carbono em abrasômetro do tipo pino-disco." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2016. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/18671.
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A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo, investigar o efeito do teor de carbono e do tamanho do abrasivo na resistência ao desgaste e no fenômeno de encruamento superficial de quatro aços Hadfield. Para esse estudo, foi montado, o equipamento pino contra disco, e, como abrasivo utilizou-se lixas de ferro, com o tamanho médio entre 36 µm e 93 µm. Para o alcance do objetivo proposto foram delimitados materiais e métodos, a saber: (a) montagem do abrasômetro pino-disco a partir de um dispositivo desativado disponibilizado pelo LFS-USP; (b) confrontar resultados experimentais – dois materiais (Aço 1045 e alumínio 6351) foram submetidos a ensaios realizados na UFPE e USP para fins de estudos comparativos; (c) avaliação da influência de parâmetros do ensaio – três abrasivos com diferentes tamanhos de partículas e diferentes cargas foram submetidos e avaliados mediante o desgaste abrasivo; (d) avaliação do comportamento de diferentes composições do aço Hadfield perante ensaios de abrasividade – aços contendo quatro diferentes teores de carbono foram submetidos a ensaios com lixas #220 e #320; (e) análise das superfícies desgastadas – após os ensaios dos materiais, as superfícies foram realizadas análises por microscópio eletrônico de varredura (MEV) das superfícies desgastadas. Os resultados obtidos com o equipamento na metodologia empregada tiveram uma boa reprodutibilidade. Foram observadas diferenças nos resultados entre os equipamentos da UFPE e da USP. Quanto a este tópico, o desgaste abrasivo do aço Hadfield foi influenciado pelo teor de carbono apresentando uma relação em que maiores teores demonstraram menor efeito de desgaste, diferentes tamanhos de abrasivo ocasionam um efeito de encruamento significativo, onde se observou o ganho de dureza em aços com menores teores de carbono. Contudo, foi apresentada uma oscilação do efeito no abrasivo #320. As micrografias revelaram microssulcos e microcortes provenientes do ensaio e não foram observadas diferenças nas marcas de desgaste quando utilizados tamanhos diferentes de partícula abrasiva. Ao final, chegou-se a conclusão de que os resultados obtidos demonstram que o teor de carbono influência na resistência ao desgaste do aço e consequentemente no encruamento superficial do aço. Observa-se também a influência do tamanho do abrasivo e carga aplicada o ensaio.
This research aimed to investigate the effect of the carbon content and the size of the abrasive in the wear resistance and surface hardening phenomenon four Hadfield steel. For this study , has been assembled , the disc against pin device and abrasive was used iron sandpapers, with average size between 36 m and 93 micrometers. To achieve the proposed objectives were defined materials and methods, namely: (a) mounting the pindisk abrasômetro from a disabled device provided by the LFS-USP; (b) comparing experimental results - two materials (1045 steel and aluminum 6351) were submitted to tests performed at university and USP for purposes of comparative studies; (c) evaluation of the influence of the test parameters - Three abrasive particles with different sizes and different loads were submitted and evaluated by the abrasive wear; (d) assessment of the behavior of different steel compositions Hadfield before abrasiveness tests - steels containing four different carbon contents were subjected to tests with sandpaper # 220 and # 320; (e) analysis of the worn surfaces - after the tests of materials different analyzes were performed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) of worn surfaces. The results obtained with the equipment in the methodology employed had good reproducibility. There were differences in results between the equipment and the UFPE USP. On this topic, the abrasive wear Hadfield steel was influenced by carbon having a relationship in which higher levels showed less wear effect, different abrasive sizes cause a significant strain hardening effect, which was observed gain hardness steel with lower carbon content. However, an oscillation of the abrasive effect on the # 320 was presented. The micrographs revealed microssulcos and microcuts from test and differences were observed in wear marks when using different sizes of abrasive particle. In the end, came to the conclusion that the results show that the influence of carbon content in the wear resistance of steel and consequently the surface of the steel hardening. It is also observed the influence of abrasive size and load applied to the test.
Dias, Marcia Fernanda Martins. "Avaliação dos parâmetros de soldagem na resistência ao desgaste abrasivo de revestimentos duros." Universidade de São Paulo, 2002. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/88/88131/tde-20092016-113125/.
Full textThis work presents an analysis of the welding conditions and its effects in the abrasive wear of hardfacings. The hardfacings were obtained by submerged arc surfacing. The welding variables were changed and the commercials fluxes were used. Two groups of welding variables were used (group 01: a traveI speed of 55 cm/min, an electrode extension of 35,0 mm, a voltage of 30V and an amperage of 450A; group 02: a traveI speed of 50 cm/min, an electrode extension of 25,0 mm, a voltage of 26V and an amperage of 440A) and four commercials fluxes (E, M, L e R designated) establishing eight welding conditions. Double-Iayered ot three beads were deposited (applied) on a SAE 1020 base metal plate. Direct current electrode negative polarity (CC-) were used in both groups of welding. The low stress abrasion resistance evaluation was carried out by dry sand/rubber wheel apparatus according to the ASTM G65-94. The microstructural analysis were done by optical microscopy and the worn surface analysis were done by scanning electronic microscopy. The abrasion resistance of the group 01 was superior as compared to the group 02, independent of the fluxe was used. The fluxes E and R presented the best results and the befter abrasion resistant microstructure was lath martensite.
Silva, Rafael Luís da. "Aços resistentes ao desgaste abrasivo para ferramentais de macharia cold box." Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2015. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/1675.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Sand cores are widely used at automotive foundries. The impact of sand on the surface of the tooling caused by the injection pressure causes wear on internal geometry, that interferes in the assembly of sand cores and dimensional of casting, and the maintenance of tooling is a bigger concern of the automotive foundries. When a core box show wear, some procedures may be applied for re-use of tooling, but, however, a better understanding of the wear process that occurs on the surface of the inserts will improve the life time of the core box. The purpose of this study is to better understand the wear mechanism that suffers tooling and form a knowledge base of wear on foundry tooling. In this study was present a comparative study on wear resistance among 05 different types of steels used in the manufacture of foundry tooling. The wear resistance has studied by tests on steel specimens used in the manufacture of foundry tooling in the rubber wheel abrasometer, as the pattern set by the technical ASTM G65-04.
Núcleos de areia são largamente utilizados em fundições de peças automotivas. O impacto da areia sobre a superfície do ferramental causado pela injeção sob pressão provoca desgaste na sua geometria interna, o que interfere na montagem dos núcleos de areia e dimensional da peça fundida, sendo que, a manutenção dos ferramentais é uma das grandes preocupações da fundição de peças automotivas. Quando uma caixa de macho apresenta desgaste, certos procedimentos podem ser aplicados para reutilização do ferramental, mas, no entanto, o melhor conhecimento do processo de desgaste que ocorre na superfície dos insertos irá melhorar a vida útil da caixa de macho. O objetivo do trabalho é entender melhor o mecanismo de desgaste que o ferramental sofre e formar uma base de conhecimento sobre desgaste em ferramentais de fundição. Neste trabalho foi realizado um estudo comparativo na resistência ao desgaste entre 05 diferentes tipos de aços utilizados na confecção de ferramentais de macharia Cold Box. A resistência ao desgaste foi estudada através de testes em corpos de prova de aços utilizados na fabricação de ferramentais em abrasômetro do tipo roda de borracha, conforme o padrão estabelecido pela norma técnica ASTM G-65-04.
Perotti, Ana Paula. "Desenvolvimento de eletrodos revestidos para depósitos resistentes ao desgaste abrasivo." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/165629.
Full textThe wear in machines and equipments is one of the main sources of economic losses. Nowadays many studies have been conducted to develop new materials and coverages to produce wear resistance. The hardfacing is one of most common methods to produce a deposit having properties not intrinsic to that of the base material. The main objective of this work is to study the viability of using different alloys compositions to produce covered electrodes for shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) resistant to abrasive wear. The covered electrodes were produced adding chromiumcarbon and tungsten-carbon to rutile-calcium carbide-fluorite base. Comparison and evaluation of wear resistance of the developed electrodes was based in ASTM G65-91 wear tests, deposit chemical compositions and the resultant microstructures. The results shown that electrodes containing additions of C-W 7 % and C-Cr 1.5 % produced best performance of wear test deposits. These compositions produced deposits containing the higher amounts of carbides and exhibit higher hardness values.
Ferreira, Kazuza Bueno. "Avaliação da resistência ao desgaste abrasivo de resinas compostas universais." Florianópolis, SC, 2007. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/89961.
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O objetivo desse estudo, in vitro, foi avaliar a resistência ao desgaste abrasivo das resinas compostas universais Charisma/CH (Heraeus Kulzer), Esthet-X/EX (Dentsply Caulk), Fill Magic/FM (Vigodent), Filtek Supreme/SU (3M ESPE), Filtek Z100/ Z1 (3M ESPE), Filtek Z250/Z2 (3M ESPE), Herculite XRV/HE (Kerr Dental), Opallis/OP (FGM), Te-econom/TN (Ivoclar Vivadent) e Tetric Ceram/TC (Ivoclar Vivadent). Foram confeccionados 8 corpos-de-prova, na cor A2, com formatos cilíndricos (8,0 mm de diâmetro X 2,0 mm de espessura) de cada material. A resistência ao desgaste abrasivo foi avaliada através de análises das alterações na massa e na rugosidade superficial das amostras submetidas à escovação simulada. As mensurações iniciais (pré-escovação simulada) e finais (pós-escovação simulada) de massa foram obtidas através de balança eletrônica com precisão de 0,0001g. As aferições iniciais e finais da rugosidade superficial foram feitas com uma sonda mecânica de 5µm acoplada ao rugosímetro Perthometer S8P (Mahr), com velocidade constante de 0,15mm/s e força de 0,8mN, utilizando o parâmetro de medição Ra expresso em µm, com cut-off de 0,25mm e comprimento de avaliação de 1,25mm. O teste abrasivo foi realizado em uma máquina de escovação simulada, utilizando escovas dentais de cerdas macias e pontas arredondadas, sob 200g de carga, com velocidade de 374 ciclos/min e solução de dentifrício e água deionizada na proporção de 1:2. As amostras foram submetidas a 50.000 ciclos de escovação. As escovas foram substituídas a cada 25.000 ciclos e a solução foi constantemente reposta durante o teste. Para a avaliação das alterações decorrentes do teste abrasivo foram calculadas as diferenças entre as médias finais e iniciais de massa e de rugosidade superficial e os valores obtidos foram convertidos em porcentagem. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente através dos testes t pareado, ANOVA, Scheffé e correlação de Pearson (p<0,05). Os resultados demonstraram que todos os materiais apresentaram redução estatisticamente significante da massa e aumento estatisticamente significante da rugosidade superficial após a escovação simulada (p < 0,0001). Considerando as alterações na massa, a ordem crescente de resistência à abrasão dos materiais avaliados foi (OP=Z2) > Z1 > TC > (HE=CH) > FM > TN > SU > EX. Com relação às alterações na rugosidade superficial, a ordem crescente de resistência à abrasão dos materiais avaliados foi EX > (HE = SU = TC = CH = FM) > (TC = CH = FM = OP) > (OP = Z2 = TN = Z1). Os métodos de avaliação de resistência ao desgaste não possuem correlação. Com base nos resultados concluiu-se que dentre as resinas compostas universais avaliadas existem diferenças na resistência à abrasão, entretanto, todas desgastam e ficam mais rugosas em conseqüência de forças abrasivas por escovação simulada. As alterações de massa e de rugosidade superficial das resinas compostas não estão correlacionadas.
Giarollo, Daniela Fátima. "Influência do metal de adição na resistência ao desgaste abrasivo de dois aços estruturais." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/178798.
Full textThe present work had the objective perform abrasive wear tests on GMA welded joints in two high strength low alloy structural steels used in rail transport of ore, which presented di erent mechanical properties. The AWS ER70S-G and AWS ER80S-G wires were used in the lower strength steel (Steel A), whereas the AWS ER80S-G and AWS ER110S-G wires were used in the higher strength steel (Steel B). The welded joints were characterized in terms of their microstructures, hardness and abrasive wear resistance in dry sand/rubber wheel tests and sliding wear tests dry and with a corrosive medium (0.05M NaCl, arti cial water ). The results obtained from the dry sand/rubber wheel tests showed that for Steel A the welded joint with the wire AWS ER70S-G showed better wear resistance, while for Steel B the highest wear resistance was obtained with the AWS ER110S-G wire. From the results of dry sliding wear tests, the coarse grained heat a ected zone were the regions that presented the highest wear resistance. In Steel A, the base metal (BM) showed the least resistance, and between the weld metals (WM), the WM Steel A-80 showed the highest wear resistance. In Steel B, WM Steels B-80 showed the least wear resistance, while the WM Steels B-110 showed the wear resistance similar to BM. It was observed a higher wear for the samples that were submitted to the sliding wear test with solution, compared to the samples submitted to the dry wear test, which, according to the literature, is associated with the synergic e ect between corrosion and wear.
Arnt, Angela Beatriz Coelho. "Resistência ao desgaste abrasivo de revestimentos cerâmicos aplicados por aspersão térmica." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/159066.
Full textIn this work the abrasive wear resistance of ceramic coatings ((Al2O3, Al2O3+ TiO2 and ZrO2+ Y2O3) was evaluated to different operacional factors applied through thermal spray technique. Others coatings of ceramic nature were used with metallic matrix, for comparative analysis. Two different thermal spraying techniques were used to obtain the coatings: plasma spray and high velocity oxygen fuel. The specimens were first coated with an alloy NiCr2O in arder to reduce the thermal stress, and after that, they were coated with ceramic powder. The coatings were submited to abrasive wear in a wear machine adjusted to do 3 rotatives motions against an abrasive sandpaper. Considering ali systems that were compared (ceramic, metal matrix composites and metallic), the system that shown the highest abrasive wear resistance is WC-Co(12%) A correlation was found between the porosity and the wear resistance for ceramic systems was found. The highest wear resistance was found with a low levei of porosity. The same behavior was not observed to the ceramic systems with metallic matrix and metallic, where the lower wear resistances obtained for coatings without lower porosities. Also, the stress effect, generated during thermal spraying procedure, was evaluated, correlating with the abrasive wear resistance. Pre-heating time of the substrate and the coating thickness reduction were varied. The ceramic system Al2O3+ TiO2 showed an increase of wear resistance of 46% and 61%, when it was respectively sprayed without pre-heating of the substrate and with the reduction of the spray distance. The ceramic systems had their wear resistance diminished by decreasing the coating thickness, whereas for the WC-Co(17%) the wear resistance was increased by 53%. The reason of this behavior was attributed to the stress relaxation.The results obtained, allowed us to establish the resistance dependence of thermal spraying ceramic materiais with microstructural factors like porosity (quantity and poro size), presence of cracks and lamelar layers fractured, that are typical characteristcs of thermal sprayed microstructures.
Catto, Fausto Lopes. "Resistência ao desgaste abrasivo da liga Fe66B30Nb4 processada por conformação por spray." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/804.
Full textUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais
Aiming at the improvement of the wear resistance of a glass former composition, the Fe66B30Nb4, the alloy was modified with the addition of Ti, resulting in the theoretical compositions: Fe63B29Nb4Ti4 (SF1) and Fe65B30Nb4Ti1 (SF2). These compositions were spray formed from the melts into two small deposits each one with different set of processing parameters. The crystalline microstructures obtained were characterized by optical microscopy, SEM/EDS, XRD, DSC and chemical analysis of Nb, Ti (by optical spectroscopy) and N (by thermal conductivity). Also, a melt spun ribbon was produced with the Fe65B30Nb4Ti1 alloy. This procedure provided some information about metastable phases which could form in the deposits: borides, sub-borides and amorphous phase. Finally, several hardness and DSRW wear tests were conducted. Materials weight losses were discussed in comparison to high chromium white cast iron. The spray formed deposit of Fe65B30Nb4Ti1, produced with the SF2 parameters set up, presented 51% less mass loss when comparing with high chromium white cast iron. The rapidly cooled Fe63B29Nb4Ti4 alloy presented a worse wear resistance result than the slowly cooled Fe65B30Nb4Ti1 alloy. Some factors which could have influenced these results were discussed.
Buscando-se um material mais resistente ao desgaste a liga Fe66B30Nb4, normalmente utilizada para formacao de vidros metalicos, foi modificada com a adicao de 1 e 4 % at. de Ti resultando nas composicoes teoricas Fe65B30Nb4Ti1 e Fe63B29Nb4Ti4 , denominadas CS2 e CS1, respectivamente. Cada uma destas composicoes foi processada por conformacao por spray com parametros diferentes, resultando em dois depositos cristalinos com graus teoricos de resfriamento e microestruturas diferenciados. A microestrutura destes depositos foi estudada por microscopia otica, MEV/EDS, DRX, DSC e foi feita analise quimica de Nb e Ti por espectrometria otica e N por termocondutividade. Por melt spinning foi fabricada uma fita da liga Fe65B30Nb4Ti1, a mesma usada na CS2, que forneceu informacoes sobre as fases metaestaveis possiveis: boretos, sub-boretos e fase amorfa. Tambem foram realizados ensaios de dureza e desgaste roda de borracha (DSRW), conforme a norma ASTM G 65, nos materiais obtidos por conformacao por spray. Na condicao de supostamente menor resfriamento a resistencia ao desgaste do material resultante da CS2, a liga Fe65B30Nb4Ti1, foi superior por um fator multiplicativo proximo de 2 em relacao ao ferro fundido branco alto cromo. Processada em condicoes, em que como esperado, resultaram em maior refinamento microestrutural a liga da CS1 Fe63B29Nb4Ti4 apresentou comportamento bastante inferior ao material da CS2, liga Fe65B30Nb4Ti1. Alguns fatores que podem ter influenciado estes resultados sao discutidos.
Machado, Paulo Cordeiro. "Análise multiescala da abrasão de aços austeníticos ao manganês aplicados em britadores de minério." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3151/tde-28112017-073503/.
Full textThe abrasive wear of two manganese austenitic steels, materials broadly used in mining industry, was studied using multiscale methodology (scales: macro, meso and micro). In the macroscale the mechanisms of damage and wear of in-service crusher liner were studied. In the mesoscale, jaw crusher and linear scratch tests were performed. In the microscale the linear scratch test was used to evaluate the effects of the hardening layer and the crystallographic orientation of the austenitic grains of steels with 12 %Mn and 20 %Mn. The characterization techniques used in this research were: macro and microhardness, instrumented nanohardness, OM, MEV, DRX, EBSD, FIB and TEM. The research was divided into three chapters, entitled: \"Abrasive wear of steels with 12 %Mn and 20 %Mn via jaw crusher test\"; \"The effect of the in-service workhardening and crystallographic orientation on the micro-scratch wear of austenitic steels with 12 %Mn and 20 %Mn\"; and \"Subsurface microstructure of the deformed austenitic steel with 12 %Mn by abrasive wear\". The first chapter showed, from the jaw crusher tests (i.e. mesoscale), that the steel with 20 %Mn tends to be more wear resistant than the steel with 12 %Mn. This result was obtained to the fixed jaw crusher, in which the wear severity was superior to the movable jaw, since it presents microcutting and microploughing as predominant micromechanisms, whereas in the mobile jaw the predominant micromechanism was microendentation. In the second chapter, it was observed that scratch wear (i.e. meso and microscale) does not depend on the in-service work-hardening profile. However, it was identified the effect of crystallographic orientation, (001), (111) and (101) planes, on the scratch wear of the steels with 12% Mn and 20% Mn. In the last chapter, the multiscale analysis showed that the subsurface deformed microstructure changes with different intensities. At the three analysis scales, a layer with ultrafine grains was observed in the subsurface and mechanical twins. The formation of this layer, with nanometric grains, was associated with dynamic recrystallization by plastic deformation, in which it is part of the self healing effect. In addition to the results found, the development of this doctoral research allowed for the elaboration of two methodologies: i. Analysis of the effect of crystallographic orientation on the scratch wear; and ii. Microstructure analysis revealed by ion etching - FIB.
Pontel, Henrique Ferreira. "Estudo do desgaste abrasivo e propriedades mecânicas de um aço Hardox 500 soldado por MAG convencional." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/156494.
Full textThe Hardox steels have a martensite microstructure and are characterized by high hardness and tensile strength. This steel has been used in situations that require high resistance to wear. However, the welding processes significantly alter their microstructures and properties. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the wear resistance of welded joints of Hardox 500 steel produced by the conventional MAG process and with Hardox without welding (base metal), for comparison. The welding took place using two consumables, one recommended by the steel manufacturer, the AWS ER80S-G and another with higher resistance, the consumable AWS ER120S-G. The mechanical properties of welded joints were evaluated through micro hardness profiles, tensile and bending tests. In addition an analysis of the fracture surface of the tensile test specimen was carried out by scanning electron microscopy. Wear tests were performed by a rubber wheel type abrasometer. Analyses by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to verify the mechanisms of wear on surfaces subjected to abrasion In the bending tests, it was verified that the welded condition with the filler metal of lower resistance presented greater ductility. It was also verified that with the welding, there was a decrease in the mechanical strength of the joints in comparison with the base metal. In relation to the wear tests, with the use of the higher strength wire, a better performance was obtained when compared to the lower one, since the wear rates were 0.058 and 0.083 mm³/m respectively, but the behavior was lower in the Hardox 500 steel without welding, which presented a wear rate of 0.031 mm³/m. It was also observed that the wear mechanisms were ductile in all the studied conditions, since the worn surfaces showed predominantly micro plowing and regions with micro fatigue, the latter seem to have increased in size as the hardness of the tested material increased.
Felipe, Gabrieli Borges Ugioni. "Estudo da resistência à abrasão e erosão do aço ASTM A106GrB submetido a diferentes condições de tempo e temperaturas de esferoidização." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UNESC, 2017. http://repositorio.unesc.net/handle/1/5651.
Full textUm dos problemas verificados em trocadores de calor, fabricados em tubos de aço carbono, que trabalham em temperaturas elevadas é a degradação causada por processos erosivos e abrasivos, gerados pela ação de cinzas oriundas da queima de carvão, com aproximadamente 42% de cinzas. Um dos fatores que contribuem para a degradação do material são as mudanças microestruturais, como a esferoidização da cementita perlítica lamelar, quantidade de carbonetos e tamanho médio das partículas. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da esferoidização nas temperaturas de 530°C, 630°C e 700°C nos tempos de 50h, 100h e 200h, nas condições de desgaste erosivo a quente, simulando a temperatura real de trabalho (450°C) e abrasivo no aço ASTM A106. Avaliou-se a variação do volume, as microestruturas esferoidizadas, o tamanho de grão e a resistência mecânica a partir da microdureza. As amostras com maior nível de esferoidização, obtidas nas temperaturas de 700°C em tempos de 50 horas e apresentaram maior redução de dureza, o que resultou em maiores perdas de massa. De forma geral, com o aumento da esferoidização, há redução da dureza e aumento do desgaste erosivo, porém com gradativa redução da taxa de desgaste. Isto possivelmente decorre do aumento da ductilidade/tenacidade da matriz, a qual retarda o processo de fragmentação (debris) da superfície do aço ASTM A106 durante o processo erosivo à quente.
Pereira, Marcio Henrique. "Caracterização do desgaste em punção de forjamento a quente em prensa horizontal automática de múltiplos estágios." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3151/tde-03082017-095236/.
Full textSince the initial development, thousands of years ago, forging has faced continuous improvements, remaining as a modern manufacturing process, capable of adding important characteristics to forged products that are used in numerous applications. In the automotive industry, responsible for the consumption of approximately 60% of all forged products, the forging has proved to be an effective metal forming process in terms of mechanical strength specifications and productivity requirements. This demand for forged parts has stimulated the search for more robust processes in which the forging tool has a fundamental role to enable the production of larger batches without downtime due to failures. Approximately 70% of these failures are related to tool wear. This work aimed identifying, in an industrial environmental, the wear modes responsible for the degradation of the contact surface of a punch, made of H-10 steel. A series of punches was used for hot forging in a horizontal and automatic multi-stage eccentric mechanical press which uses water for tool cooling, during the manufacture of wheel nuts, made of SAE 1045 steel. Results were based: (i) on the analysis of the surface and cross section of six punches in a scanning electronic microscope, (ii) on nanohardness analyses and (iii) as well as on mass and dimensional variations. Results pointed to the punch wear in the first forged pieces, due to oxides transferring from blank to the punch surface. On this transferred layer to punch surface, have also found damage caused by abrasive wear and thermal fatigue.
Leite, Ricardo Vinicius de Melo. "Estudo comparativo entre ligas resistentes ao desgaste abrasivo, aplicadas por soldagem, em chapas metálicas para fabricação de placas anti desgaste." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/MDAD-7W7KYA.
Full textAs ligas metálicas aplicadas por soldagem em superfícies, objetivando a proteção contra o desgaste e o conseqüente aumento da vida útil de peças e equipamentos, têm sido utilizadas em larga escala nas indústrias de bens de consumo e nos setores de mineração e sucroalcooleiro. O desgaste abrasivo em peças e equipamentos representa, nestas industriais, um dos principais fatores de depreciação de capital e uma importante fonte de despesas com manutenção. Para a aplicação do revestimento por soldagem, os arames tubulares têm sido uma alternativa cada vez mais viável, devido à sua alta produtividade e qualidade de solda, substituindo, em parte, o uso do eletrodo revestido. O objetivo deste trabalho é fazer um estudo comparativo da resistência ao desgaste abrasivo do revestimento aplicado por soldagem com arames tubulares autoprotegidos de três ligas metálicas utilizadas na indústria, uma do tipo Fe-Cr-C ,outra do tipo Fe-Cr- C com adição de nióbio e boro, e a terceira, do tipo Fe-Cr-C, com adição de nióbio. Os revestimentos anti-desgaste, conhecidos como revestimento duro, foram aplicados em chapas de aço carbono, com os mesmos parâmetros e procedimentos de soldagem. Os corpos de prova foram obtidos por corte e retificação e foram submetidos a ensaios de desgaste abrasivo, em um abrasômero Roda de Borracha, conforme procedimento estabelecido pela norma ASTM G65-91. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que a liga Fe-Cr-C com adição de Nióbio e Boro apresentou desempenho superior em relação ao desgaste abrasivo.
Pintaúde, Giuseppe. "Análise dos regimes moderado e severo de desgaste abrasivo utilizando ensaios instrumentados de dureza." Universidade de São Paulo, 2002. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3132/tde-07042010-111922/.
Full textThis work presents an experimental methodology to investigate the relationship between abrasive wear rates and hardness. The mild and severe abrasive wear regimes are investigated in relation to the abrasive hardness-to-worn material hardness ratio (HA/H). Pin-against-paper tests were performed, using glass as abrasive material in two grain sizes, grit #80 and grit #240, and 3-mm diameter pins under 20 N of applied load. The tested materials were AISI 1006 e AISI 52100 steels, the last one in different metallurgical conditions, and a high-chromium white cast iron, with eutetic composition and pearlitic matrix. Three kinds of tribological system responses were used to evaluate the wear regimes: mass loss, friction coefficient and load of penetration of abrasive. Mass losses were determined along testing time; friction coefficient was determined by means of load cell and the load of penetration using instrumented hardness test, selecting the maximum depth penetration based on the Rz roughness parameter. From hardness measurements, a parameter was used to incorporate the elastic-plastic behavior of materials, which consider the indentation hardness morphology. Using this parameter, it was possible to obtain a kind of hardness called \"true\", which incorporate the pilling-up and sinking-in effects. It has been demonstrated that the relative abrasive resistance is not dependent of the abrasive particle size, but the friction coefficient values change, under severe wear regime. On the other hand, under mild regime, the friction coefficient values are independent of the abrasive particle size.
Cornélio, Gilson Teixeira [UNESP]. "Caracterização de materiais utilizados na fabricação de cilindros de laminação submetidos ao desgaste abrasivo." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97099.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
O avanço da tecnologia de laminação incrementou as solicitações sobre os cilindros laminadores, e, portanto, o desenvolvimento de materiais mais resistentes ao desgaste, visando aumento da produtividade do laminador e melhor qualidade superficial dos produtos laminado, em especial tiras a quente. Como estudo de desgaste em campo é muito complexa devido à influência de diversos mecanismos e muitas vezes combinados entre si, os ensaios laboratoriais têm se mostrado como um meio mais fácil para estudar os materiais em serviço, além de auxiliar o projeto novas ligas. Dessa forma, foi proposto um ensaio de desgaste abrasivo puro para um tribômetro Plint & Partners, modelo TE-079, com o intuito de simular condições de utilização das últimas cadeira do trem acabador de um laminador de tiras a quente. Para sua validação foram utilizados três materiais: o ferro fundido de coquilhamento indefinido, o ferro fundido branco de alto cromo e o ferro fundido branco multicomponente, os quais apresentam comportamento conhecido em serviço. Esses materiais foram submetidos a uma caracterização metalográfica, microdureza e topografia de desgaste. Os resultado obtido mostraram-se coerentes com a prática observada na aplicação real, ou seja, reproduziram o comportamento de desgaste no laminador, sendo válida a proposta do ensaio tribológico.
The progress towards mill technology has increased the demand on the rolling mill rolls, and therefore, the development of wear resistant seekink productivity of the rolling mills and better superficial quality of the rolled products, especially in the hot strip mill has also increased. As the wear study in field is very complex due to the influence of several mechanisms wish are usually combined amongst themselves, the labs test have shown an easy way to study the materials in service, besides aiding the project of new leagues. In that way, a pure abrasive wear test was developed tribômetro Plint & Partners, model TE-079 with the intent of simulating the job conditions in the hot strip mill finishing chairs. For the validation three materials were used: an indefinite chill cast iron, a high chrome cast iron and a kind of multicomponent white cast iron, which presents knowm behavior in service. Those materials were submitted to a metallography characterization, microhardness measurement and wear topograpy observation. The obtained results were shown coherent with the practice observed in the real application, and then became possible a prediction of that behavior for the materials projects developed at laboratory, being valid the proposal of the rehearsal tribológico.
Cornélio, Gilson Teixeira. "Caracterização de materiais utilizados na fabricação de cilindros de laminação submetidos ao desgaste abrasivo /." Guaratinguetá : [s.n.], 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97099.
Full textAbstract: The progress towards mill technology has increased the demand on the rolling mill rolls, and therefore, the development of wear resistant seekink productivity of the rolling mills and better superficial quality of the rolled products, especially in the hot strip mill has also increased. As the wear study in field is very complex due to the influence of several mechanisms wish are usually combined amongst themselves, the labs test have shown an easy way to study the materials in service, besides aiding the project of new leagues. In that way, a pure abrasive wear test was developed tribômetro Plint & Partners, model TE-079 with the intent of simulating the job conditions in the hot strip mill finishing chairs. For the validation three materials were used: an indefinite chill cast iron, a high chrome cast iron and a kind of multicomponent white cast iron, which presents knowm behavior in service. Those materials were submitted to a metallography characterization, microhardness measurement and wear topograpy observation. The obtained results were shown coherent with the practice observed in the real application, and then became possible a prediction of that behavior for the materials projects developed at laboratory, being valid the proposal of the rehearsal tribológico.
Orientador: Valdir Alves Guimarães
Coorientador: Amilton Sinátora
Banca: Gustavo Aristides Santana Martínez
Banca: Enrico José Giordani
Mestre
Cintia. "Estudo da Resistência ao Desgaste Abrasivo de Ferros Fundidos Brancos Alto Cromo e Molibidênio." Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2006. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/4194.
Full textO desempenho dos Ferros Fundidos Brancos Alto Cromo (FFBAC) no que tange ao desgaste abrasivo numa dada aplicação, é função não somente da microestrutura e propriedades do material , mas, também, de parâmetros do tribosistema. Assim, este trabalho tem como objetivo investigar os efeitos da composição química e do tribosistema sobre a resistência ao desgaste destas ligas contendo até 9% de molibdênio. Foram utilizadas 20 diferentes ligas com uma razão Cr/C igual a 10. Os teores de cromo empregados foram 16, 20 e 24%, em peso, para as hipoeutéticas , 28% para a eutética e 32% para as ligas hipereutéticas. Os teores de molibdênio para cada composição de cromo foram de 0, 3, 6 e 9%. Para avaliação da resistência ao desgaste abrasivo foram utilizados ensaios do tipo pino sobre disco nas configurações a dosi e três corpos, isto é, pino lixa, em geral todas as ligas com matrizes ferrito-perlíticas apresentara, maior taxade desgaste. Já no que se refere à configuração a 3 corpos, as ligas sem molibdênio apresentaram um aumento na taxa de desgaste com o aumento do teor de cromo. Para ligas com molibdênio, o comportamento foi semelhante para todas, exceto para as hipereutéticas que apresentaram uam taxa de desgaste maior. Analisaram-se os micromecanismos presentes, sendo que pra ao teste a dois corpos, isto é, pino/lixa, as superfícies de desgaste das amostras apresentaram o microcorte como micromecanismo predominante. A diferença entre as ligas se deu na intensidade, na profundidade de riscos e nas regiões inter-riscos. As indentações múltiplas e dúcteis perfazem a quase totalidade nas superfícies desgastadas no ensaio a três corpos. A exceção se faz nas ligas hipereutéticas com 6 e 9% em peso de molibdênio onde se verifica a presença do micromecanismo frágil evidenciado pelo trincamento e arrancamento de carbetos.
Cunha, Leandro Rodrigues Pinto da. "Comparação interlaboratorial dos resultados dos ensaios de desgaste abrasivo em polímeros, segundo a norma ISO 4649." Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2013. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/6235.
Full textNeste trabalho foi realizado um estudo comparativo da resistência ao desgaste abrasivo de quatro materiais poliméricos utilizados no setor de transporte de minérios nas plantas de produção, sendo um poliuretano (utilizado como raspador) e três elastômeros (camadas de correias e revestimentos de tambores). Para tal comparação, foram realizados ensaios de desgaste do tipo pino tambor, conforme norma ISO 4649 nos laboratórios TRICORRMAT (Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo) e LFS (Universidade de São Paulo). Um protocolo experimental envolvendo todas as etapas do ensaio, desde a obtenção dos materiais até o armazenamento final, foi elaborado em conjunto pelos dois laboratórios no decorrer desse trabalho. A determinação da repetibilidade e da reprodutibilidade dos resultados de ensaios foi utilizada para a validação do protocolo experimental. A partir da perda de massa de cada material, foram correlacionados alguns parâmetros controláveis de ensaios tais como: lixa, operador e máquina. Foi observado que dentre os parâmetros citados, a máquina foi o parâmetro que exerceu maior influência nos resultados de comparação entre os laboratórios
In this work, we conducted a comparative study of the abrasive wear resistance of four polymeric materials used in ore transport in Vale plants, being a polyurethane (used as a scraper) and three elastomers (belt layers and drums coatings). To make such a comparison, pin-on-drum type wear tests were performed, according to ISO 4649, between TRICORRMAT (Federal University of Espírito Santo) and LFS (University of São Paulo). An experimental procedure involving all stages of the test, from the procurement of materials to final storage, was developed jointly between the labs during this work. The determination of repeatability and reproducibility from the testing results were used to validate the experimental procedure. From the mass loss of each material were correlated controllable test parameters such as the sandpaper, the operator and the machine. It was observed that among the mentioned parameters, the machine was the parameter that exerted greater dispersion in the results between laboratories
Andrade, Gustavo Tressia de. "Resistência à abrasão de aço Hadfield para britadores: efeito do tamanho do abrasivo e do pH do meio." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3151/tde-11072016-102946/.
Full textIn this work, the effects of abrasive particle size and pH value of the aqueous solution on abrasive wear resistance of the H-13 steel with martensitic matrix and the Hadfield steel with austenitic matrix were investigated. Abrasive wear tests, using a wet rubber wheel abrasion tester, were carried out using abrasive sizes between 0.15 and 2.40 mm and pH values of the aqueous solution between 5.5 and 12.8. The microstructures of the materials studied were analyzed by optical microscopy and the wear surfaces and wear particles were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. The hardness and microhardness before and after the tests were measured using a Vickers hardness tester. The topography of the middle of wear scars, were obtained by a noncontact 3D profiler in order to measure the depth of abrasive penetrations.The results show that the Hadfield steel is more wear resistant than the H-13 steel at all pH values and abrasive sizes conditions tested. For both materials, mass loss increases linearly up to a critical abrasive size, and after this the mass loss continues to increase, but with a lower intensity. Moreover, for both materials and all the abrasive sizes, increases in the pH values of the aqueous solution resulted in lower mass losses, and this effect is greater for the two smaller grain sizes. For higher pH values, lower depths of penetration of abrasive were observed. The microhardness in the wear scar surface of the H-13 steel presented a slight increase with the abrasive size, while for the Hadfield steel, this microhardness increases in a more intense form with the abrasive size. The analysis of the wear particles showed that, for all test conditions, the chips of H-13 steel has two types of morphologies, continuous or discontinuous, and for Hadfield steel only discontinuous. For both materials, two abrasive wear micromechanisms were observed, microcutting and microploughing. Finally, the results presented in this work suggest that the wear performance analysis of the Hadfield steel, to be used in an abrasive environment, must consider the effects of pH of the aqueous solution and particle size.
Silva, Paula Fernanda da. "Desgaste e fadiga térmica de ligas \'aço matriz + NbC\'." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3133/tde-13032007-170403/.
Full textThe concept of ?matrix steel + NbC? was used to cast alloys with the M2 steel matrix (0,5%C ? 2%W ? 3%Mo ? 4,6%Cr ? 1%V) and different volume fractions of niobium carbides. Niobium (2,5 e 5%) and stoichiometric carbon were added to produce NbC carbides and titanium (0,1%) to modify de NbC carbides morphology. NbC presented three basic morphologies: Chinese script (coupled eutectic); primary carbides with cross morphology and polygonal primary and eutectic carbides (divorced eutectics). After heat treatment of quench and temper in order to obtain the maximum hardness, the alloys were submitted to thermal fatigue test (100 cycles, 650ºC), dry rubber wheel abrasive wear test (130N, 200rpm, 30min, hematite as abrasive) and reciprocating sliding wear test (70,6N, amplitude: 6mm, frequency: 6Hz, 2h). The alloys with polygonal NbC carbides and lower volume fractions of carbides (for the same morphology) showed the best behaviour due to their low ?carbide continuity/carbide free path? ratio of the microstructure. The alloys were characterized by optical microscopy and SEM to investigate de cracks nucleation and propagation. In the dry rubber wheel tests, polygonal NbC eutectic carbides (divorced eutectics) showed better behaviour than Chinese script NbC eutectic carbides. High volume fractions of NbC carbides improved the abrasion resistance until a maximum and after that, the presence of big primary NbC carbides, lowered the abrasion resistance due to cracks in those big carbides. The results of the reciprocating sliding tests have not allowed to rank the performance of the alloys. Abrasion and sliding specimens were submitted to optical microscopy and SEM in order to evaluate the prevalent wear mechanisms. One high speed steel for hot rolling mill rolls (2%C ? 5%Cr ? 5%Mo ? 5%V) was tested under the same conditions that the alloys studied were tested in order to compare their performances. The high speed steel showed better performance in abrasion and reciprocating sliding wear due to the high volume fraction of coupled eutectic carbides and lower performance in thermal fatigue due to the high ?carbide continuity/carbide free path? ratio of the microstructure than the alloys studied.
Ribeiro, Rubens [UNESP]. "Avaliação da resistência ao desgaste abrasivo de revestimentos soldados do tipo Fe-C-Cr utilizados na indústria sucroalcooleira." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/90838.
Full textO presente trabalho utiliza o processo de soldagem por eletrodo revestido, para a aplicação de revestimentos metálicos que aumentam a resistência ao desgaste de peças submetidas a abrasão, utilizados na indústria sucroalcooleira. Como metal de revestimento foi utilizado eletrodo do tipo Fe-Cr-C, e como metal de base um aço estrutural ASTM A-36. Realizou-se um estudo sobre a influência dos parâmetros de soldagem, principalmente a corrente de soldagem, nas características da dureza, diluição, geometria do cordão e microestrutura, visando maximizar a resistência ao desgaste por abrasão à baixa tensão obtida pelo ensaio de roda de borracha definido pela norma ASTM G-65-91. Para a otimização das condições de soldagem foi utilizado um planejamento experimental, proporcionando uma ampla faixa de depósitos com características diferentes e conseqüente variação na resistência ao desgaste. Dos resultados obtidos ficou evidenciada a influência dos parâmetros de soldagem na resistência a abrasão à baixa tensão, assim como uma certa correlação entre dureza e resistência ao desgaste. A diluição mostrou-se influente na formação da microestrutura do revestimento, sendo que aqueles que apresentaram uma maior quantidade de carbonetos primários demonstraram melhor resistência ao desgaste do que os revestimentos com carbonetos secundários.
The application of shielded metal arc welding process for hardfacing aiming the enhance of wear resistance, applied in sugar and alcohol industries, is presented in this work. The consumable was Fe-Cr-C, and the base plate is a structural steel ASTM A-36. The influence of the welding process variables such as: current, voltage and travel speed were evaluated and related to its influence on the characteristics of the hardness dilution, bead dimension and microstructure of hardfacing. The aim was to maximize the low stress abrasion resistance obtained by the standard test ASTM G-65-91. To optimize the welding conditions, an experimental design was applied to obtain a wide range of weld deposits with different characteristics and wear resistances. There was evidence of the influence of the welding process variables in the abrasion resistance and some relation between the hardness and wear resistance. The dilution influenced the microstructure of the hardfacing for all weld deposits; those with higher primary carbides contents had performance better than those with secondary carbides under low stress abrasion test conditions.
Ribeiro, Rubens. "Avaliação da resistência ao desgaste abrasivo de revestimentos soldados do tipo Fe-C-Cr utilizados na indústria sucroalcooleira /." Ilha Solteira : [s.n.], 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/90838.
Full textBanca: Ricardo Cury Ibrahim
Banca: Hidekasu Matsumoto
Resumo: O presente trabalho utiliza o processo de soldagem por eletrodo revestido, para a aplicação de revestimentos metálicos que aumentam a resistência ao desgaste de peças submetidas a abrasão, utilizados na indústria sucroalcooleira. Como metal de revestimento foi utilizado eletrodo do tipo Fe-Cr-C, e como metal de base um aço estrutural ASTM A-36. Realizou-se um estudo sobre a influência dos parâmetros de soldagem, principalmente a corrente de soldagem, nas características da dureza, diluição, geometria do cordão e microestrutura, visando maximizar a resistência ao desgaste por abrasão à baixa tensão obtida pelo ensaio de roda de borracha definido pela norma ASTM G-65-91. Para a otimização das condições de soldagem foi utilizado um planejamento experimental, proporcionando uma ampla faixa de depósitos com características diferentes e conseqüente variação na resistência ao desgaste. Dos resultados obtidos ficou evidenciada a influência dos parâmetros de soldagem na resistência a abrasão à baixa tensão, assim como uma certa correlação entre dureza e resistência ao desgaste. A diluição mostrou-se influente na formação da microestrutura do revestimento, sendo que aqueles que apresentaram uma maior quantidade de carbonetos primários demonstraram melhor resistência ao desgaste do que os revestimentos com carbonetos secundários.
Abstract: The application of shielded metal arc welding process for hardfacing aiming the enhance of wear resistance, applied in sugar and alcohol industries, is presented in this work. The consumable was Fe-Cr-C, and the base plate is a structural steel ASTM A-36. The influence of the welding process variables such as: current, voltage and travel speed were evaluated and related to its influence on the characteristics of the hardness dilution, bead dimension and microstructure of hardfacing. The aim was to maximize the low stress abrasion resistance obtained by the standard test ASTM G-65-91. To optimize the welding conditions, an experimental design was applied to obtain a wide range of weld deposits with different characteristics and wear resistances. There was evidence of the influence of the welding process variables in the abrasion resistance and some relation between the hardness and wear resistance. The dilution influenced the microstructure of the hardfacing for all weld deposits; those with higher primary carbides contents had performance better than those with secondary carbides under low stress abrasion test conditions.
Mestre
Magalhães, Luciano da Rocha. "Desenvolvimento e fabricação de penetradores para avaliação da resistência ao desgaste abrasivo de polímeros protetores de risers." Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 2013. https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/14957.
Full textA extração de petróleo em águas profundas impõe diversos desafios às empresas petrolíferas. Um dos principais são os danos que os dutos flexíveis, as tubulações que levam o petróleo do poço de extração até a plataforma flutuante, sofrem ao serem expostos ao hostil ambiente subaquático. Dentre estes danos, destaca-se o desgaste abrasivo na região onde o duto toca o solo marinho, chamada de touchdown point (TDP). Para prolongar a vida útil do duto e evitar vazamentos de óleo no mar, são empregados revestimentos protetores poliméricos, usualmente chamados de calhas. A partir de uma necessidade da indústria petrolífera de testar e controlar o recebimento destes revestimentos foi projetado e construído um equipamento denominado de Simulador de Interações Marítimo-Mecânicas em Calhas (SIMMC) no Laboratório de Tecnologia em Atrito e Desgaste UFU que visa à realização de testes em campo. Assim sendo, o objetivo deste trabalho foi fabricar, controlar e testar penetradores de metal duro visando à realização de ensaios de desgaste por abrasão que permitam avaliar a resistência ao desgaste abrasivo de materiais poliméricos usados na proteção de risers. Para tanto, foram propostas as seguintes etapas: a) preparação do SIMMC Portátil para realização dos ensaios de desgaste; b) determinação dos parâmetros de teste ideais para o SIMMC Portátil (número de ciclos, carga externa e velocidade de rotação) por meio de um planejamento fatorial completo; c) controle dimensional e geométrico dos penetradores antes e após a usinagem; d) realização de testes de desgaste antes e após a retífica; e) usinagem dos penetradores utilizando afiação e lapidação e f) análise da influência das melhorias trazidas por esses processos para os resultados dos testes de desgaste. Os resultados obtidos permitem concluir que: 1) os processos de usinagem propostos são adequados para fabricação dos penetradores dentro das tolerâncias dimensionais e geométricas definidas no projeto. Valores de rugosidade da ordem de 2,0 μm foram reduzidos em pelo menos 60%, enquanto que para valores menores que 2,0 μm esta redução foi pelo menos de 33% e 2) os ensaios de abrasão utilizando os penetradores fabricados fornecem resultados mais precisos e confiáveis.
Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica
Farah, Alessandro Fraga. "Desenvolvimento de uma liga de ferro fundido branco alto cromo com nióbio, tratada termicamente, para resistência ao desgaste abrasivo." Universidade de São Paulo, 1997. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/88/88131/tde-14092016-164116/.
Full textThis work presents the heat treatments and abrasion tests results of a wnite cast iron with niobium alloy. The hardening heat treatment were made from 950, 1000, 1050 and 1100°C temperatures cooled by forced air. The tempering treatment were made at 450, 500 and 550°C temperatures. The heat treating alloy were compared, in the abrasive tests, with commercial alloys used as hardfacing by welding process in wear pieces. The abrasion tests was realized in pin on disk test. Additional tests were carried out for microstructural characterization to identify the differents phases presents in the alloys. In a general way, the alloy studied showed the best wear rate for the heat treatments that resulted in higher hardness. Its performance was superior than that of the commercial alloys.
Riofano, Rosamel Melita Muñoz. "Efeito das variáveis de nitretação por plasma na resistência à abrasão de um aço \"maraging\"." Universidade de São Paulo, 1997. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/88/88131/tde-16092016-113006/.
Full textPursuing the evaluation and performance of a nitration system via plasma for us constructed, as well as the determination of the influence of variables of the process on the performance of ionically nitrated layers, it was nitrated maraging steel samples with the next compositions: Fe -18Ni - 4,2Mo - 12,3Co - 1,7Ti - 0,15AI- 0,03C. The following processing conditions were modified: time, temperature, pulse frequency end previous thermal treatment condition. Metallografic analyses, X-ray diffraction, microhardness and pin-on-dick type abrasion test were practised on samples for characterization of their layers. The nitration equipment had excellent performance in the treatment of samples used while the \"maraging\" steel showed excellent answer to the nitration treatment. A treatment time of three hours produced the more resistant layers to abrasion. The treatments with continuous current produced abrasion resistance higher than in treatment with pulsed current post-aged nitrated samples showed higher resistances than those aged during the nitration.
Santos, Fellipe Cros dos. "Avaliação da influência do teor de cromo e do tratamento térmico de desestabilização da austenita na dureza e resistência ao desgaste abrasivo de ferros fundidos brancos." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/178408.
Full textThe high chromium white cast iron alloys from ASTM A-532 are commonly used in parts which wear resistance are required. This choice happens due the great hardness showed by these alloys, what propitiates a higher lifetime for the components. However, since chromium content has great influence in the cost of the parts, it is important ensure that the apply heat treatments are optimized for each alloy composition. Thus this dissertation analyzed the application of different heat treatment cycles on the austenite destabilization for two ASTM A-532 alloys (20%Cr and 25%Cr). After the heat treatment, hardness, wear resistance and microstructure were analyzed, both for some of the treated samples as for six samples provided by different manufactures in Brazil. The results showed the existence of a temperature that optimizes the alloy hardness, allowing increases on this property in values up to 37% (considering the initial hardness of the “as cast” condition) Concerning the time of heat treatment, was verified that this parameter has low influence in the increase on hardness, showing maximum variations lower than 4% in treatments with times coming from thirty minutes until six hours, results that does not match that one’s indicated by the literature. Besides that, it was verified that an alloy with 19,6%Cr can present a hardness 11% greater than that verified in commercial. In this comparation, although the commercial alloy having lower carbon content, was evidenced that the parts from the Brazilians companies which were considered in this study, does not have an optimum heat treatment. The wear resistance was not only depend of the sample hardness, but also of other characteristics as size, distance and continuity of the primary carbides, which explain the results of similar mass loss in the abrasive test for samples with hardness differing about 12%, but with similar size of microconstituents. Finally, it was observed that alloys with higher chromium and low carbon content shows lower hardness and wear resistance values than alloys with low percentages of chromium, what enable an application with larger lifetime and lower cost.
MARTINS, José Lucas Pessoa. "Avaliação da molhabilidade e resistência ao desgaste abrasivo de compósitos do tipo epóxi /quasicristais (AlCuFe)." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2015. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/17704.
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CAPEs
No presente trabalho foram produzidos compósitos a base de epóxi reforçados com liga quasicristalina AlCuFe, para ensaios de microabrasão e molhabilidade. A liga AlCuFe foi produzida num forno de indução de soleira fria com materias de até 99,99% de pureza e submetida ao tratamento térmico por 24h a uma temperatura de 750°C. O quasicristal foi utilizado na forma de pó após moagem em moinho planetário. A caracterização do quasicristal (QC) foi realizada com uso das técnicas de difração de raios x (DRX) e microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). Análises de DRX mostraram fase cristalina bem definida para amostras de QC, por sua vez imagens de MEV indicaram morfologia arredondada do QC e com uso do software IMAGE J, foi possível observar diâmetros de partícula em torno de 5,48±1,83μm. Em adição, o pó metálico foi misturado com uma resina epóxi em proporções de 5%, 10% e 15% em volume, sendo a cura estabelecida em temperatura ambiente. Por sua vez, as propriedades de molhabilidade e microabrasão foram avaliadas. Verificamos que, com o aumento na proporção em volume de quasicristal no compósito, ocorreram alterações significativas no módulo do coeficiente de desgaste, bem como obtenção de maiores valores no ângulo de contato, tornando o material mais hidrofóbico. As imagens de MEV do compósito indicaram os mecanismos de desgaste envolvidos durante o ensaio de microabrasão, levando ao aumento da taxa de desgaste em função da proporção volumétrica de QC no compósito.
In this paper were produced epoxy-based composites reinforced with quasicristalina league AlCuFe to microabrasion and wettability tests. The AlCuFe alloy was produced in a cold hearth induction furnace with materials of up to 99.99% purity and subjected to heat treatment for 24 hours at a temperature of 750 ° C. The quasicristal was used in powder form after milling in a planetary mill. The characterization of quasicristal (QC) has been performed using the techniques of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). XRD analysis showed well defined crystalline phase for QC samples in turn SEM images indicated rounded morphology and QC using Image J software, it was possible to observe particle diameters around 5.48 ± 1,83μm. In addition, the metal powder was mixed with an epoxy resin proportions of 5%, 10% and 15% by volume being established cure at room temperature. In turn, the properties of wettability and microabrasion were evaluated. We found that, with increasing volume ratio of the composite quasicristal, significant changes in the wear coefficient module and obtaining the higher values of contact angle, making it more hydrophobic. The composite SEM images indicate the wear mechanisms involved during microabrasion test, leading to increased wear rate as a function of the volumetric ratio of QC in the composite.
Gutiérrez, Guerrero Wilfredo Salomón. "Análisis comparativo in vitro del desgaste abrasivo entre una resina condensable y una amalgama dental." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2002. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/2225.
Full textThe present study compared in vitro the abrasive waste betweenn a dental amalgam and a high density resin. Two cubic milimetre cavities were performed in 20 dental pieces (healthy and new third molars). Ten samples were rebuilt with Vivalloy dental amalgam and the other ten were rebuilt wihn Synergy Compact resin. The abrasive wear was performed by means of Drill Beat method,with has a diamond tip blunt, with power of 1,5 Kg. The wear was measured considering the lost of volumen(cm3). The diference between the waste of the Vivalloy amalgam (0.002+ 0.0006) and the Synergy Compact resin (0,043+ 0,007) was statistically significant (p menor 0,001). The Vivalloy amalgam shows less abrasive wear than the Synergy Compact resin.
Tesis
Ferreira, Renata Prata. "Estudo do efeito da força, do módulo de elasticidade e do envelhecimento termomecânico no desgaste abrasivo da borracha de polibutadieno baixo cis." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3151/tde-19072016-115907/.
Full textThis goal of this Master thesis is the study the influence of loss factor, thermomechanical aging and applied load to the abrasion behavior of low cis polibutadiene rubber through rubber wheel testing machine experiments using 2k factorial experiment design in two levels (DOE 2k). The literature has many information involving action of force showing exponential relationship between wear rate with applied load, almost no data related to the influence of loss factor and the thermomechanical aging. It was observed that all the studied factors are significant to the wear of rubber, the force being the variable with the greatest influence, followed by aging. The loss factor, despite being an important factor, only influences the wear behavior of aged rubber. In addition, this work presents some information regarding to the typical properties only for rubber and rubber products, such as smearing, abrasion pattern and Schallamach wavelength.
Freitas, Márcia Furtado Antunes de. "Desgaste abrasivo de uma resina composta, através de três diferentes métodos (disco retificado, escovação e nanodurômetro)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/25/25131/tde-05122011-154749/.
Full textAbrasive wear of a composite resin, using three different methods (ground disc, toothbrushing and nanodurometer). The aim at this study was to evaluate the resistance to abrasive wear of a composite resin, using three different methods: ground disc, toothbrushing and nanodurometer. At the first two methods were employed 20 specimens of Filtek Z250 composite resin (10 of Incisal and 10 of C4, both the colors cured for 30 seconds each one) and 10 of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), the latter acting as a reference standard. For the tests with the nanodurometer it was used only one specimen of each color, as well as just one of PMMA, in whose flat surfaces seven measurements were made, what was considered equivalent to seven specimens. At the ground disc method, each composite resin specimen was directly made on a semicircular cavity located on the periphery of a supporting disc; PMMA specimens consisted of discs made up exclusively with this material; the wear of each specimen was promoted by a ceramic disc and its consequent displacement was detected by a sensor; thus, the wear rate was established, expressed in cubic millimeters per newton per second (mm3/N.s). At the toothbrushing method, each cylindrical specimen was trapped in a metal plate, which was fixed inside the machine brushing; its weight loss (in milligrams) was verified by an analytical balance. At the nanodurometer method, there was only one cylindrical specimen for each condition, in whose flat upper face seven grooves were made (what was equivalent to seven specimens); the coefficient of friction was used to establish its wear resistance. For each method, data were statistically analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey\'s test. It could be concluded that, by ground disc method, materials wear rate (in mm3/N.s) was Incisal (0.6807) > C4 (0.5012) > PMMA (0.1439); by brushing method, materials wear rate (in mg) was 5.40 for Incisal, 9.35 for C4 and 5.88 for PMMA, without significant difference only between Incisal and PMMA (the toughest); by nanodurometer method, abrasive wear resistance (expressed by the coefficient of friction) was 0.207 for Incisal, 0.214 for C4 and 0.281 for PMMA, now without significant difference just between Incisal and C4, the least resistant.
Cardines, André Luis Freitas [UNESP]. "Avaliação de resistência ao desgaste abrasivo de vários tipos de materiais instalados na lateral de esteira transportadora." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/150705.
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Com intuito de aumentar a disponibilidade dos equipamentos e reduzir custo de manutenção além de possibilitar a realização de entressafras em períodos reduzidos, as indústrias do setor sucroenergético têm buscado materiais de maior resistência para aplicações específicas. Diante desta condição este trabalho avaliou o desgaste em corpos de prova instalados em pontos distintos de uma esteira transportadora de toletes de cana colhidos mecanicamente. A comparação foi realizada entre cinco tipos de chapas metálicas, sendo a liga metálica ASTM A36 a mais utilizada para este fim. Os demais materiais pertencem à família dos aços inoxidáveis e dos aços ligas, sendo denominados: AISI 304, AISI 439, AISI 410D e HARDOX 450. Todos os materiais foram submetidos a análises químicas, micrografia, macrografia e dureza, com intuito de comprovar a diferença desses materiais, além disso, realizou-se a constatação do melhor material por meio de teste físico em local de alta abrasão e das análises realizadas. Todos os ensaios ocorreram durante o período de safra de cana-de-açúcar, entre os meses de março a novembro de 2016. Esses ensaios demonstraram os desgastes no decorrer dos meses de estudo, apresentando um desgaste médio final ao término da safra, no qual o HARDOX 450 demonstrou ser o material de menor desgaste. Para cada caso estudado foi apresentada uma análise econômica de modo a direcionar o melhor material a ser aplicado.
In order to increase the availability of equipment and reduce maintenance costs in addition to enabling off-season in a reduced period of time, the industries of the sugarcane industry's sector have sought higher resistance materials for specific applications. Given this condition, this work evaluated the wear on test specimens installed at different points on a conveyor belt of mechanically harvested cane. The comparison was made between five types of sheet metal, the metal alloy ASTM A36 being the most used for this purpose. The other materials belong to the family of stainless steels and alloys, being named: AISI 304, AISI 439, AISI 410D and HARDOX 450. All the materials were submitted to chemical analysis, micrography, macrography and hardness, in order to prove the difference of these materials, in addition, the best material was verified by means of physical test in place of high abrasion and the analyzes performed.. All the tests took place during the sugarcane harvest period, between March and November of 2016. These tests showed wear during the study months, showing a final average wear at the end of the harvest, in which HARDOX 450 was the least wear resistant material. For each case an economic analysis was presented in order to direct the best material to be applied.
Cardines, André Luis Freitas. "Avaliação de resistência ao desgaste abrasivo de vários tipos de materiais instalados na lateral de esteira transportadora /." Ilha Solteira, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/150705.
Full textResumo: Com intuito de aumentar a disponibilidade dos equipamentos e reduzir custo de manutenção além de possibilitar a realização de entressafras em períodos reduzidos, as indústrias do setor sucroenergético têm buscado materiais de maior resistência para aplicações específicas. Diante desta condição este trabalho avaliou o desgaste em corpos de prova instalados em pontos distintos de uma esteira transportadora de toletes de cana colhidos mecanicamente. A comparação foi realizada entre cinco tipos de chapas metálicas, sendo a liga metálica ASTM A36 a mais utilizada para este fim. Os demais materiais pertencem à família dos aços inoxidáveis e dos aços ligas, sendo denominados: AISI 304, AISI 439, AISI 410D e HARDOX 450. Todos os materiais foram submetidos a análises químicas, micrografia, macrografia e dureza, com intuito de comprovar a diferença desses materiais, além disso, realizou-se a constatação do melhor material por meio de teste físico em local de alta abrasão e das análises realizadas. Todos os ensaios ocorreram durante o período de safra de cana-de-açúcar, entre os meses de março a novembro de 2016. Esses ensaios demonstraram os desgastes no decorrer dos meses de estudo, apresentando um desgaste médio final ao término da safra, no qual o HARDOX 450 demonstrou ser o material de menor desgaste. Para cada caso estudado foi apresentada uma análise econômica de modo a direcionar o melhor material a ser aplicado.
Abstract: In order to increase the availability of equipment and reduce maintenance costs in addition to enabling off-season in a reduced period of time, the industries of the sugarcane industry's sector have sought higher resistance materials for specific applications. Given this condition, this work evaluated the wear on test specimens installed at different points on a conveyor belt of mechanically harvested cane. The comparison was made between five types of sheet metal, the metal alloy ASTM A36 being the most used for this purpose. The other materials belong to the family of stainless steels and alloys, being named: AISI 304, AISI 439, AISI 410D and HARDOX 450. All the materials were submitted to chemical analysis, micrography, macrography and hardness, in order to prove the difference of these materials, in addition, the best material was verified by means of physical test in place of high abrasion and the analyzes performed.. All the tests took place during the sugarcane harvest period, between March and November of 2016. These tests showed wear during the study months, showing a final average wear at the end of the harvest, in which HARDOX 450 was the least wear resistant material. For each case an economic analysis was presented in order to direct the best material to be applied.
Mestre
Oliveira, Daniel Lucas de [UNESP]. "Construção de um equipamento de ensaio de desgaste micro abrasivo por esfera rotativa fixa para análise do desgaste em revestimento duro aplicado por soldagem." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/124478.
Full textO estudo do comportamento de materiais, metálicos e não metálicos, sob a ação de desgaste micro abrasivo por esfera rotativa, tem sido reconhecido como um meio viável para avaliação não destrutiva em superfícies com revestimento duro aplicado por soldagem, sendo a soldagem uma forma rápida para recuperação e manutenção de corpos moedores na mineração e na indústria sucro-alcooleira. Com foco neste cenário, o trabalho em questão, tem o objetivo de projetar e construir uma máquina de ensaio micro abrasivo por esfera rotativa fixa em condições de força normal constante e pressão constante. Como corpos-de-prova, foram utilizadas chapas de aço carbono ASTM A36 de 12,5 mm de espessura e eletrodo revestido da liga Fe-Cr-C com Ø4,0 mm aplicando o revestimento em uma, duas e três camadas. Para o processo de desgaste foi inserido entre a esfera de aço AISI 52100 e o corpo de prova uma pasta abrasiva preparada com carbeto de silício preto com tamanho médio de 5 μm por partícula e água destilada. Nos ensaios realizados, em todos os casos, na análise por microscopia óptica das crateras revelaram somente a presença de desgaste abrasivo por riscamento e a diluição mostrou-se influente na formação da microestrutura do revestimento e uma correlação entre a dureza e resistência ao desgaste
The study of the behavior of materials, metallic and non-metallic, under the action of micro abrasive wear by rotating sphere, has been recognized as a viable means for nondestructive evaluation on surfaces with hard coating applied by welding. Welding is a quick way to recovery and maintenance in mining and ethanol industry. Focusing in this scenario, the work in question aims to design and build a micro abrasive testing machine with a fixed rotating sphere in a position to constant normal force and constant pressure. ASTM A36 mild steel with 12.5 mm thick were used as testing specimen materials and coated electrode of Fe- Cr-C alloy with ø4.0 mm applying the coating once, twice three layers. Between the AISI 52100 steel ball and specimen was placed abrasive slurry of silicon carbide with an average size of 5 μm per particle and distilled water. In the tests performed, in all cases, the analysis by optical microscopy of craters only revealed the presence of abrasive wear by grooving abrasion and dilution proved to be influential in the formation of the coating microstructure and a correlation between hardness and wear resistance
Oliveira, Daniel Lucas de. "Construção de um equipamento de ensaio de desgaste micro abrasivo por esfera rotativa fixa para análise do desgaste em revestimento duro aplicado por soldagem /." Ilha Solteira, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/124478.
Full textCo-orientador: Juno Gallego
Banca: Aparecido Carlos Gonçalves
Banca: Ricardo Cury Ibrahim
Resumo: O estudo do comportamento de materiais, metálicos e não metálicos, sob a ação de desgaste micro abrasivo por esfera rotativa, tem sido reconhecido como um meio viável para avaliação não destrutiva em superfícies com revestimento duro aplicado por soldagem, sendo a soldagem uma forma rápida para recuperação e manutenção de corpos moedores na mineração e na indústria sucro-alcooleira. Com foco neste cenário, o trabalho em questão, tem o objetivo de projetar e construir uma máquina de ensaio micro abrasivo por esfera rotativa fixa em condições de "força normal constante" e "pressão constante". Como corpos-de-prova, foram utilizadas chapas de aço carbono ASTM A36 de 12,5 mm de espessura e eletrodo revestido da liga Fe-Cr-C com Ø4,0 mm aplicando o revestimento em uma, duas e três camadas. Para o processo de desgaste foi inserido entre a esfera de aço AISI 52100 e o corpo de prova uma pasta abrasiva preparada com carbeto de silício preto com tamanho médio de 5 μm por partícula e água destilada. Nos ensaios realizados, em todos os casos, na análise por microscopia óptica das crateras revelaram somente a presença de desgaste abrasivo por "riscamento" e a diluição mostrou-se influente na formação da microestrutura do revestimento e uma correlação entre a dureza e resistência ao desgaste
Abstract: The study of the behavior of materials, metallic and non-metallic, under the action of micro abrasive wear by rotating sphere, has been recognized as a viable means for nondestructive evaluation on surfaces with hard coating applied by welding. Welding is a quick way to recovery and maintenance in mining and ethanol industry. Focusing in this scenario, the work in question aims to design and build a micro abrasive testing machine with a fixed rotating sphere in a position to "constant normal force" and "constant pressure". ASTM A36 mild steel with 12.5 mm thick were used as testing specimen materials and coated electrode of Fe- Cr-C alloy with ø4.0 mm applying the coating once, twice three layers. Between the AISI 52100 steel ball and specimen was placed abrasive slurry of silicon carbide with an average size of 5 μm per particle and distilled water. In the tests performed, in all cases, the analysis by optical microscopy of craters only revealed the presence of abrasive wear by "grooving abrasion " and dilution proved to be influential in the formation of the coating microstructure and a correlation between hardness and wear resistance
Mestre
Hernández, Alexander Franco. "Estudo da influência da criogenia na resistência ao desgaste abrasivo do aço ASTM 743 tipo CA6NM." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2009. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/4524.
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O Tratamento Criogênico Profundo, Deep Cryogenic Treatment (DCT) em inglês, vem sendo muito utilizado na indústria para o melhoramento das propriedades mecânicas dos aços, fundamentalmente a resistência ao desgaste. Neste trabalho foi utilizado tratamento criogênico a –1900C por 20 horas, após tratamento térmico de têmpera e revenido, no aço inoxidável martensítico do tipo CA6NM, para melhorar a resistência mecânica associada à resistência ao desgaste abrasivo. Os 36 corpos-de-prova, divididos em dois grupos de 18, foram austenitizados por quarenta e cinco minutos a 9650C e 10650C, respectivamente, com posterior têmpera em óleo a temperatura ambiente e revenimento a 565ºC por 90 minutos, com resfriamento ao ar. 24 amostras foram em seguida tratadas criogenicamente, seguindo-se, para uma parte destas, 12 amostras, um novo ciclo de revenimento a 565ºC por 90 minutos. Foram realizados os seguintes testes nos corpos tratados com e sem criogenia: Dureza Brinell, Difratometria de Raios X, Metalografia e ensaio de desgaste micro-abrasivo. Foram encontradas variações na microestrutura com melhoria na resistência ao desgaste nas amostras austenitizadas a 9650C e tratadas criogenicamente, em comparação àquelas apenas submetidas ao tratamento convencional. Estas variações devem-se ao efeito positivo do DCT sobre a microestrutura do aço austenitizado a baixa temperatura. A microestrutura passa de ripas de martensita, distribuídas paralelamente formando blocos - obtidos do tratamento convencional -, a pequenos pacotes paralelos ou quase paralelos de finas agulhas formando grãos austeníticos. Encontram-se traços de austenita anterior ou revertida delimitando os grãos. Presume-se a formação de microcarbonetos homogeneamente distribuídos na matriz e nos contornos de grão da austenita revertida. _________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
The Deep Cryogenic Treatment (DCT) has been used in the industry for the improvement of steel mechanical properties, basically the resistance to the abrasive wear resistance. At this work the cryogenic treatment at -1900C for 20 hours was applied, after conventional head treatment, to the martensitic stainless steel grade CA6NM to improve the mechanical resistance associated to the abrasive wear resistance. The specimens, divided in two groups, had been austenitized for forty and five minutes at 9650C and 10650C, respectively, then quenched in oil at room temperature. After that they were tempered at 565ºC for 90 minutes, then cooled in air. Subsequently some samples were treated cryogenically, and some of them were submitted to a new cycle of tempering at 565ºC for 90 minutes. The performed experiment included: Hardness Brinell, Difratometry X ray, Metallography and micro-abrasive wear test. Variations in the microstructure with an improvement in the abrasive wear coefficient were found, in the samples austenitized at 9650C, comparing the cryogenically treated and those only submitted to the conventional treatment. These variations are probably a positive effect of the DCT on the samples’ microstructure. The microstructure was transformed blocks of parallel lath martensite to small parallel or almost parallel packages of fine needles forming austenite. Traces of previous or reverted austenite were found delimiting the grains. It is presumed that micro-carbide homogeneously distributed in the matrix and in the grain’s contours of the reverted austenite was formed.
Varasquim, Francisco Mateus Faria de Almeida [UNESP]. "Efeitos da granulometria, do desgaste e do tipo de material abrasivo no lixamento plano de madeiras." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/111072.
Full textO processo de lixamento é indispensável para situações onde os processos anteriores de fabricação não foram capazes de garantir as dimensões finais da peça produzida ou quando a qualidade superficial desejada não foi atingida. Este processo é muito usado em indústrias de painéis e de móveis, no entanto, quase sempre é empregado de forma empírica, sem o conhecimento adequado. No presente trabalho analisou-se a influência da granulometria, do desgaste abrasivo e do material abrasivo no lixamento plano da Corymbia citriodora e do Pinus elliottii. O objetivo do trabalho foi estudar e compreender a correlação entre os fatores de entrada (granulometria da lixa, desgaste do abrasivo, tipo do abrasivo) sobre as variáveis de saída (potência de lixamento, emissão acústica, vibração, rugosidade e integridade superficial) no processo de lixamento. O sistema desenvolvido e utilizado foi composto por uma lixadeira plana, um sistema de aquisição de dados e um sistema eletromecânico de ensaios com acionamento pneumático. Para a análise da influência da granulometria, do desgaste e do tipo do abrasivo foram utilizadas três granulometrias (80, 100 e 120 mesh), três tipos de grão abrasivos (óxido de alumínio, carbeto de silício e óxido de zircônio), três níveis de desgaste do grão abrasivo (sem desgaste, desgaste intermediário, desgaste severo) e duas espécies de madeira sendo realizadas seis repetições para cada configuração de ensaio, totalizando 324 ensaios. Os resultados foram analisados estatisticamente através de análise de variância (ANOVA) com nível de significância de 5%, acompanhado do teste de Tukey, que compara as variações aos pares. O sistema eletromecânico de ensaios de lixamento projetado mostrou-se bastante eficiente na aquisição dos dados. O desgaste do grão abrasivo influenciou significativamente ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
The sanding process is indispensable for situations where the manufacturing processes were not sufficient to ensure the final dimensions or when the desired surface quality was not achieved. This process is frequently used in panels and furniture industries, however, is almost always used empirically, without the proper knowledge. In the present study we analyzed the influence of particle size, abrasive wear and the abrasive type on Corymbia citriodora and Pinus elliottii sanding. The objective was to study and understand the correlation between the input factors (particle size, abrasive wear, abrasive type) on the output variables (power sanding, acoustic emission, vibration, roughness and surface integrity) in sanding process. The system developed and used consists of a flat sander, a data acquisition system and an electromechanical testing system with pneumatic actuation. It was used three particle sizes (80, 100 and 120 mesh), three types of grain abrasives (aluminum oxide, silicon carbide and zirconium oxide), three levels of abrasive wear (no wear, intermediate wear, severe wear) and two species of wood for the analysis, it was made six replications for each test configuration, totaling 324. The results were statistically analyzed using variance analysis (ANOVA) with a significance level of 5%, followed by the Tukey test, which compares the variations in pairs. The electromechanical testing system designed sanding proved to be very efficient in data acquisition. The abrasive wear influenced significantly roughness in both species and all abrasive grains types. The variables that wear influenced less were acoustic emission and vibration. The best values of roughness were obtained for aluminum oxide grains and the worst for silicon carbide grains. The SEM images and topography were important to understand the interaction of the abrasive grain with wood surface
Schöpf, Roberto Alexandre. "Estudo do desgaste abrasivo e adesivo em aços ferramenta por meio do ensaio de pino-disco." Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2011. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/1776.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Among several mechanisms of wear of materials, abrasive and adhesive wear respond for the largest contribution in tools and equipment failures at the mechanical industry. Tooling used in the manufacture of stators, known as lamella, fails due to these types of wear. The failures have origin in sliding wear and remove the enamel from the wire of the stator during the injection process. The removal of enamel results in short circuit between turns and consequent risk for the final consumer. It is common to correlate the wear resistance as a function dependent only on hardness of the involved materials in contact, however, there are other characteristics that also influence the wear such as: the type of crystalline structure and the presence of precipitates in the metal matrix, as well as the nature of them. The present study has analyzed the wear mechanisms existent in tool wear. The pin-on-disc test was used to evaluate eight different tool steels, positioning them in the same scale and comparing with the steel currently used at the process. Two groups of tool steels were evaluated, those manufactured by powder metallurgy and those obtained by conventional metallurgical method. Two types of pin-on-disc tests were performed. In the first test, as counter-face or disc, a grinding wheel made with silicon carbide was used; the main objective of this test was to evaluate the abrasive wear resistance. In the second test, the discs were manufactured using low alloy electric steel; the wear resistance predominantly adhesive was the response variable for this test. The results were correlated with some characteristics of the steels studied: hardness, the energy absorbed during Charpy impact test, density and content of alloying elements that are hard carbide formers. The results have shown a better wear resistance for steels produced by the Powder Metallurgy process. Steels with higher levels of alloying elements achieve better results, particularly in the adhesive wear test. CPM9V and Sinter 30 tool steels presented the best performances for wear resistance. Considering the application of these results in operation conditions, the CPM9V steel has advantage of a lower hardness and consequently greater toughness which is an important characteristic as well.
Entre os diversos mecanismos de desgaste, os desgastes abrasivo e adesivo são os que respondem pela maior contribuição nas falhas em equipamentos e ferramentais da indústria mecânica. Ferramentas utilizadas na fabricação de estatores, conhecidas como lamelas, falham em decorrência destes tipos de desgaste. As falhas têm procedência no desgaste por deslizamento e provocam remoção do isolante dos fios do estator durante o processo de inserção. A remoção do esmalte resulta em curto circuito entre espiras e conseqüente risco ao usuário final. É comum relacionar a resistência ao desgaste como uma função dependente apenas da dureza dos materiais envolvidos, no entanto, existem outras características que também influenciam no desgaste, tais como: o tipo de estrutura cristalina, existência de precipitados na matriz metálica e sua homogeneidade, bem como, a natureza dos mesmos. Por meio do presente estudo, analisaram-se os mecanismos presentes no desgaste de aços ferramenta utilizados na fabricação de estatores. Utilizandose o teste pino-disco, avaliou-se a resistência ao desgaste de oito diferentes aços ferramenta, classificando-os quanto à resistência ao desgaste e situando-os frente ao aço atualmente utilizado neste processo. Dois grupos de aços foram avaliados, os fabricados pela metalurgia do pó e os obtidos pelo método convencional de metalurgia. Dois tipos de ensaios pino-disco foram realizados. No primeiro teste, como contra-face ou disco, foi utilizado um rebolo de carbeto de silício; neste teste o objetivo principal foi avaliar a resistência ao desgaste abrasivo. No segundo teste, o disco foi fabricado com aço de baixa liga, neste teste, a resistência ao desgaste predominantemente adesivo foi à variável resposta. Os resultados obtidos foram correlacionados com determinadas características dos aços estudados: dureza, energia absorvida no impacto do ensaio Charpy, densidade, percentual de elementos de liga formadores de carbonetos de alta dureza e microestrutura. Os resultados mostraram que os aços fabricados pelo processo de Metalurgia do Pó apresentaram maiores resistências ao desgaste. Os aços ferramenta com teores maiores de elementos de liga obtiveram melhores resultados, sobretudo no ensaio de resistência ao desgaste adesivo. Os aços ferramenta CPM9V e Sinter 30 foram os que apresentaram maior desempenho na resistência ao desgaste. Considerando a aplicação deste resultados nas condições de operação, o aço CPM9V possui como vantagem uma menor dureza e conseqüente maior tenacidade, característica também importante para a função.
Varasquim, Francisco Mateus Faria de Almeida. "Efeitos da granulometria, do desgaste e do tipo de material abrasivo no lixamento plano de madeiras /." Guaratinguetá, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/111072.
Full textBanca: Marcos Valério Ribeiro
Banca: Eduardo Carlos Bianchi
Banca: Ivaldo Domênico Valarelli
Banca: Fabio Minoru Yamaji
Resumo : O processo de lixamento é indispensável para situações onde os processos anteriores de fabricação não foram capazes de garantir as dimensões finais da peça produzida ou quando a qualidade superficial desejada não foi atingida. Este processo é muito usado em indústrias de painéis e de móveis, no entanto, quase sempre é empregado de forma empírica, sem o conhecimento adequado. No presente trabalho analisou-se a influência da granulometria, do desgaste abrasivo e do material abrasivo no lixamento plano da Corymbia citriodora e do Pinus elliottii. O objetivo do trabalho foi estudar e compreender a correlação entre os fatores de entrada (granulometria da lixa, desgaste do abrasivo, tipo do abrasivo) sobre as variáveis de saída (potência de lixamento, emissão acústica, vibração, rugosidade e integridade superficial) no processo de lixamento. O sistema desenvolvido e utilizado foi composto por uma lixadeira plana, um sistema de aquisição de dados e um sistema eletromecânico de ensaios com acionamento pneumático. Para a análise da influência da granulometria, do desgaste e do tipo do abrasivo foram utilizadas três granulometrias (80, 100 e 120 mesh), três tipos de grão abrasivos (óxido de alumínio, carbeto de silício e óxido de zircônio), três níveis de desgaste do grão abrasivo (sem desgaste, desgaste intermediário, desgaste severo) e duas espécies de madeira sendo realizadas seis repetições para cada configuração de ensaio, totalizando 324 ensaios. Os resultados foram analisados estatisticamente através de análise de variância (ANOVA) com nível de significância de 5%, acompanhado do teste de Tukey, que compara as variações aos pares. O sistema eletromecânico de ensaios de lixamento projetado mostrou-se bastante eficiente na aquisição dos dados. O desgaste do grão abrasivo influenciou significativamente ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The sanding process is indispensable for situations where the manufacturing processes were not sufficient to ensure the final dimensions or when the desired surface quality was not achieved. This process is frequently used in panels and furniture industries, however, is almost always used empirically, without the proper knowledge. In the present study we analyzed the influence of particle size, abrasive wear and the abrasive type on Corymbia citriodora and Pinus elliottii sanding. The objective was to study and understand the correlation between the input factors (particle size, abrasive wear, abrasive type) on the output variables (power sanding, acoustic emission, vibration, roughness and surface integrity) in sanding process. The system developed and used consists of a flat sander, a data acquisition system and an electromechanical testing system with pneumatic actuation. It was used three particle sizes (80, 100 and 120 mesh), three types of grain abrasives (aluminum oxide, silicon carbide and zirconium oxide), three levels of abrasive wear (no wear, intermediate wear, severe wear) and two species of wood for the analysis, it was made six replications for each test configuration, totaling 324. The results were statistically analyzed using variance analysis (ANOVA) with a significance level of 5%, followed by the Tukey test, which compares the variations in pairs. The electromechanical testing system designed sanding proved to be very efficient in data acquisition. The abrasive wear influenced significantly roughness in both species and all abrasive grains types. The variables that wear influenced less were acoustic emission and vibration. The best values of roughness were obtained for aluminum oxide grains and the worst for silicon carbide grains. The SEM images and topography were important to understand the interaction of the abrasive grain with wood surface
Doutor
CUNHA, L. R. P. "Comparação Interlaboratorial dos Resultados dos Ensaios de Desgaste Abrasivo em Polimeros Segundo a Norma Iso 4649." Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2013. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/4190.
Full textNeste trabalho foi realizado um estudo comparativo da resistência ao desgaste abrasivo de quatro materiais poliméricos utilizados no setor de transporte de minérios nas plantas de produção, sendo um poliuretano (utilizado como raspador) e três elastômeros (camadas de correias e revestimentos de tambores). Para tal comparação, foram realizados ensaios de desgaste do tipo pino tambor, conforme norma ISO 4649, nos laboratórios TRICORRMAT (Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo) e LFS (Universidade de São Paulo). Um protocolo experimental envolvendo todas as etapas do ensaio, desde a obtenção dos materiais até o armazenamento final, foi elaborado em conjunto pelos dois laboratórios no decorrer desse trabalho. A determinação da repetibilidade e da reprodutibilidade dos resultados de ensaios foi utilizada para a validação do protocolo experimental. A partir da perda de massa de cada material, foram correlacionados alguns parâmetros controláveis de ensaios tais como: lixa, operador e máquina. Foi observado que dentre os parâmetros citados, a lixa foi aquele que gerou maior dispersão nos resultados de comparação entre os laboratórios. Palavras-Chave: Comparação interlaboratorial, ISO 4649, ASTM E691, desgaste abrasivo, polímero.
Penagos, Jose Jimmy. "Efeito do refinamento da microestrutura e da adição de nióbio na resistência ao desgaste abrasivo de ferros fundidos de alto cromo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3151/tde-25082016-082141/.
Full textHigh Chromium Cast Irons (HCCI\'s), because of their excellent tribological properties, have been widely used for specific applications involving high wear rates by abrasion, especially in the mining sector. However, the demand for materials with higher wear resistance is continuously growing and thus further research is needed in this area. For that reason, the current work purposes to assess the use of niobium to further increase the wear resistance of HCCI\'s. On the other hand, when HCCI is used for manufacturing components with irregular geometries (e.g. pump impellers), the components thin and thick regions can contain different levels of structure refinement due to variation in their cooling rates. In this work, the effect of structure refinement and the interaction between structure refinement and niobium addition on the abrasion resistance of HCCI\'s were evaluated. For that purpose, four systematic main studies were developed: in the first study, blocks of HCCI were manufactured varying the structure refinement and it was shown that large increases in the degree of structure refinement result in higher wear mass losses by abrasion. In less refined microstructures, the larger M7C3 chromium carbides are less susceptible to microcracking and can occasionally act as a barrier to abrasive particles. In the second series of experiments, the interaction between structure refinement and niobium addition in low concentrations (1 %) was evaluated; showing that for more refined microstructures, niobium additions reduce the mass losses by abrasion up to 50 %. In the third series of experiments, the interaction between niobium and molybdenum additions was evaluated. Compared to molybdenum-free alloy, simultaneous additions of niobium and molybdenum resulted in a more refined microstructure, higher hardness of the matrix and harder niobium carbides (NbC). For Low Stress Sliding Abrasion (LSSA) wear configuration, where wear was more pronounced in the matrix, simultaneous addition of niobium and molybdenum resulted in increase of abrasion resistance in the studied HCCI. In the last stage of this work, 3 % of niobium were added in an HCCI alloy with hypereutectic initial chemical composition (25%Cr/3%C), which presents primary large sized chromium carbides that induce a brittle behavior of the HCCI when subjected to wear. However, the niobium addition resulted in a more refined microstructure (eutectic) HCCI containing compact-shaped NbC carbides, and consequently in more resistance to abrasive wear.
Ferrarini, Cleyton Fernandes. "Análise da resistência ao desgaste abrasivo de um revestimento duro obtido pela deposição, por soldagem, de uma liga a base de ferro." Universidade de São Paulo, 1998. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/88/88131/tde-14092016-164708/.
Full textThe present work presents an analysis of the abrasive wear resistance of a hardfacing and of the SAE 5160 steel. The hardfacing was obtained by the deposition of a iron based alloy through \"TIG\" welding on a ABNT 1020 steel. This alloy was developed with the use of Cr and Nb as carbide forming elements , resulting in a microstructure formed by a carbide net of M7C3 interdendritic in a austenitic matrix. The hardfacing samples suffered heat treatment of normalizing, hardening, tempering and subzero, viewing the achievement of differents microstructure, while the SAE 5160 steel suffered hardening and tempering according to the production process used in the agricutural tool manufacturing. The wear resistance of the hardfacing overcame the SAE 5160 steel in both types of abrasion wear tests, and the best performances were presented by hardening hardfacing in the pin wear test and by the tempering hardfacing in the rubber wheel/dry sand test. The identification of the material removal mechanisms in the abrasive tests was made by the observation of the worn surfaces of the samples through the scanning eletronic microscopy.
Maru, Marcia Marie. "Estudo do desgaste e atrito de um par metálico sob deslizamento lubrificado." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3132/tde-07052003-130638/.
Full textThis work concerns with experimental study of wear and friction responses of lubricated sliding system. Sliding tests were carried out using pin-on-disk wear testing machine for tests with continuous rotating movement, and the pin-on-plate device, for reciprocating tests between specimens. The metallic test coupons were AISI 52100 steel pins and AISI 8640 steel counter-faces. The used lubricant was paraffinic mineral oil, VI 100. The presence of additives and contamination in the lubricant oil were investigated under two mechanical loading levels, determined by the velocity/load relation. The wear was studied by means of optic and scanning electronic microscopes, perfilometry and dimensional analysis of the worn surfaces and oil analysis. The friction and the contact potential were monitored through out the sliding tests. The results showed that the wear of the metallic materials was susceptible to the mechanical loading, the additive and the contamination existence in the oil. It was observed differences among the wear results of the rotating and the reciprocating tests in terms of surface morphologies.
Noriega, Ríos Ainsworth. "Resistencia al desgaste abrasivo de recargues duros fabricados con electrodos con 5% de FeTi y contenido variable de FeV." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2013. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/4938.
Full textTesis
Silva, Joélson Vieira da. "Estudo da influência do tratamento térmico de austenitização seguida de resfriamento ao ar forçado na resistência ao desgaste abrasivo do ferro fundido branco ASTM A532 II D." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/170956.
Full textThe objective of this research is to perform a study on the abrasive wear of high chromium white cast iron according to ASTM A532 II D, submitted to different austenitizing temperatures, in the range of 950 to 1150 ºC with 50 ºC steps, widely used in foundries. This alloy was chosen for study because of its extensive application in the mining industry, having as main characteristic the use in mill and hammer coatings of crushers where abrasive wear resistance is required. The specimens were characterized by chemical analysis, hardness, and metallographic analysis, evaluating the changes in the microstructure, and consequently changes in the abrasive wear properties of the material. In the evaluation of the samples, optical microscopy was used and, to simulate the abrasive wear condition, determining the mass loss, the rubber wheel type abrasive test was used, following the ASTM G65 standard. The practical tests demonstrated that the temperature cycle is an important step in determining the hardness, which in turn is a fundamental characteristic to the abrasive wear resistance, since for the material studied, the higher the hardness, the higher the resistance to abrasive wear.
Lauand, Valena Hennies. "Gravação de materiais de engenharia com jato d\'água abrasivo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3134/tde-11082010-163033/.
Full textThe current thesis describes the use of abrasive water jet as an etching tool in Branco de Cachoeiro de Itapemirim Marble plate and in float glass plate. Etching process performance variations are introduced as well as different kerf geometries obtained with variation of many processes parameters. The results of the etching in several samples have been photographed and scanned. Furthermore the results of the etching of a complex drawing in marble and glass is shown. Finally conclusions and discussions over the achieved results are described.