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1
Cheung, M. S., and W. C. Li. "Reliability assessment in highway bridge design." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 29, no. 5 (October 1, 2002): 799–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l02-079.
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The current practice of highway bridge design in Canada is based on limit states design. Ideally, by means of the properly calibrated load and resistance factors specified in the applicable design code, limit states design will yield a consistent and uniform safety level for all designed bridge structures. Some factors neglected in the standard design procedures, however, may have unexpected effects on the reliability of a particular design. In this case, to follow a design code exactly may still lead to a certain degree of underdesign or overdesign. Therefore, the reliability assessment is recommended for each particular design, and a simulation-based approach for this assessment is proposed in this study. Examples are presented to support the afore-mentioned recommendation.Key words: highway bridges, reliability, design code, simulation, finite strip method.
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Naser, Ali Fadhil, Hussam Ali Mohammed, and Ayad Ali Mohammed. "Seismic Design Assessment of Bridge Piers Location Effect on the Structural Capacity of Supports under Earthquake Action." International Journal of Safety and Security Engineering 11, no. 2 (April 30, 2021): 143–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijsse.110203.
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The objective of this study was to assess the seismic performance of two types of bridges structures under effect of earthquake by using different locations and numbers of piers. The results of D/C ratio showed that simply supported I girder bridge appeared higher structural capacity than continuous box girder bridge which was resisted the seismic demand. Continuous box girder bridge had higher seismic demand and lower structural capacity comparing with simply supported I girder bridge. Commonly, the seismic design for two types of bridges models with increasing of piers numbers was suitable to resist the earthquake action for region type B. The results of non-linear static analysis (pushover method) showed that the increasing of piers numbers had significant effects on the seismic design of bridges structures to increase the displacement capacity, force capacity, and decreasing of seismic demand to reduce the effects of earthquake action on the bridges structural members. The bridge type simply supported I girder had higher capacity in longitudinal direction than continuous box girder bridge. Whereas, for continuous box girder bridge appeared higher capacity in transverse direction than simply supported I girder. The performance points which were based on displacement were decreased with increasing the piers numbers for bridges structures supports.
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Milani, Cleovir José, Víctor Yepes, and Moacir Kripka. "Proposal of Sustainability Indicators for the Design of Small-Span Bridges." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 12 (June 22, 2020): 4488. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124488.
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The application of techniques to analyze sustainability in the life cycle of small-span bridge superstructures is presented in this work. The objective was to obtain environmental and economic indicators for integration into the decision-making process to minimize the environmental impact, reduce resource consumption and minimize life cycle costs. Twenty-seven configurations of small-span bridges (6 to 20 m) of the following types were analyzed: steel–concrete composite bridges, cast in situ reinforced concrete bridges, precast bridges and prestressed concrete bridges, comprising a total of 405 structures. Environmental impacts and costs were quantified via life cycle environmental assessment and life cycle cost analysis following the boundaries of systems from the extraction of materials to the end of bridge life (“from cradle to grave”). In general, the results indicated that the environmental performance of the bridges was significantly linked to the material selection and bridge configuration. In addition, the study enabled the identification of the products and processes with the greatest impact in order to subsidize the design of more sustainable structures and government policies.
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Hose, Yael, Pedro Silva, and Frieder Seible. "Development of a Performance Evaluation Database for Concrete Bridge Components and Systems under Simulated Seismic Loads." Earthquake Spectra 16, no. 2 (May 2000): 413–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1586119.
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Through lessons learned in recent earthquakes, the need for new seismic bridge design methodologies that consider structural performance explicitly and address the inelastic response of bridge structures more directly is recognized. Efforts are in progress to define and quantify limit states and associated performance goals to develop a multi-level bridge design methodology. A multi-level design approach can only be implemented, however, when structural behavior or limit states can accurately be characterized and assessed for the wide range of probable input or demands. The outlined capacity assessment database addresses the response determination and parameterization of bridge components, sub-assemblages, and systems in direct support of the development of multi-level performance design and evaluation procedures for bridges. Through the use of a standardized template, a performance library for bridge structures, which is open for access and expansion to the entire practicing bridge engineering community, has been initiated.
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Yang, Yang, He Liu, and Khalid M. Mosalam. "An Improved Direct Stiffness Calculation Technique for Damage Detection of Bending Structures." Advanced Materials Research 368-373 (October 2011): 2224–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.368-373.2224.
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In this paper, a practical application for a continues beam-type bridge, the Truckee river bridge, California, to test the validity of the improved DSC method in the identification of the bridge damage after severe loading such as that caused by an earthquake was discussed. Comparing the calculated stiffness from the improved DSC method with that from design data of the bridge based on the numerical simulation with different damage scenarios in consideration of measurement errors, the location and severity of the damage in the bridge can be accurately and reliably detected. The pushover and seismic damage assessment analysis shows that the improved DSC is valid and efficient for damage detection in highway bridges.
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Kvasha, V. H., A. Ya Muryn, and L. V. Salyichuk. "ASSESSMENT OF TECHNICAL STATE AND DESIGN OF RECONSTRUCTION OF THE SMALL BRIDGE OF THE SLOVINSKY SYSTEM." Bulletin of Odessa State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture, no. 81 (December 7, 2020): 52–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.31650/2415-377x-2020-81-52-65.
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Abstract. In the 1950s and 1960s of the 20th century a lot of one- and two-span bridges with a span of 4-6 m were built on public roads on the territory of the former USSR. The paper describes the features of the design and construction of small four-hinged reinforced concrete bridges on lightweight supports of engineer Slovinsky system. The experience of surveying small bridges shows that in the context of a limited funding, compared to other types of bridges, maintenance and operation of these bridges does not get enough attention. There are relatively low material losses from their destruction and it is possible to restore them fairly easily. Therefore, many of them have a large number of defects and are in a poor physical condition. The purpose of the work is to draw attention of owners to the problems of small bridges using a specific example, as well as to present effective constructive solutions for the reconstruction of a small four-hinge bridge. These design solutions are developed on the basis of the research and development in Lviv National Polytechnic University and include the use of a reinforced concrete cover slab. The slab has been frequently used in other bridge reconstruction projects and proved its technical and economic efficiency in practice. The article gives characteristics of the bridge, the technical state of its structures, the main defects and damages, as well as the characteristics of the stream and its influence on the condition of the bridge. The design solutions for widening and strengthening the small bridge of the Slovinsky system can provide operational performance and consumer properties in accordance with the requirements of the current design standards for new bridges. These standards are able to ensure the service life of the reconstructed bridge.
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Kawashima, Kazuhiko. "Introduction to Dr. Iwasaki’s Paper Entitled “Response Analysis of Civil Engineering Structures Subjected to Earthquake Motions”." Journal of Disaster Research 1, no. 2 (October 1, 2006): 272–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2006.p0272.
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Seismic design of Japanese bridges started in 1925, triggered by the extensive damage of the 1923 Kanto earthquake. "Drafted Structural Details of Road Structures," issued by Japan's Ministry of the Interior in 1925, recommended the use of static seismic analysis based on working stress design, which was used for a long time. "Design Specifications of Steel Bridges," issued by the Japan Road AssoCiation in 1964, was an important code used for design of a number of bridges during restoration after World War II and the early high economic growth periods that followed. There was no independent seismic design code in those days, so only limited descriptions were provided for seismic design, e.g., pages in the code related to seismic design numbered only 2 or 3, and seismic knowledge was limited. Most bridges damaged in the 1995 Kobe earthquake were designed based on this code. Extensive damage in the 1964 Niigata earthquake initiated intensified research on the structural response and seismic design of bridges. Accomplishments of research were reflected in the 1971 "Guide Specifications on Seismic Design of Bridges" (Japan Road Association), the first design guidelines focusing on the seismic design of bridges. Pages of the main text and explanations related to seismic design increased to 30, and included the natural period dependent lateral seismic coefficient and preliminary evaluation of soil liquefaction assessment and unseating prevention devices. This was the first time that preliminary liquefaction assessment and unseating prevention devices innovated by Japanese bridge engineers were included in bridge codes. The 1971 Guide Specification of Seismic Design of Bridges was compiled with other design codes and issued in 1980 as "Part V Seismic Design" of "Design Specifications of Highway Bridges" (Japan Road Association). Assessment of soil liquefaction based on FL was introduced in Part V, but other parts remained almost unchanged. Part V was completely revised in 1990 to include (1) new static analysis evaluating lateral force in continuous bridges based on the stiffness of superstructures and substructures, (2) safety evaluation (level 2) ground motion for the design of reinforced concrete columns, and (3) design response spectra and design-spectra-compatible ground acceleration for dynamic response analysis. This was the first in Japan to include safety evaluation ground motion and static design for ductility evaluation of bridge columns. Pages on code related to seismic design increased to 96 greatly enhanced as a modern seismic design code. Based on the extensive damage sustained in the 1995 Kobe earthquake, Part V on seismic design was further revised in 1996 and 2002 to include lessons learned from this damage. Pages of code related to seismic design increased to 227 in the 1996 code and 280 in the 2002 code. Figure 1 shows the increase in the number of pages related to seismic design. Extensive improvement was conducted in 1990 and 1996. Although we have had over 80 years in experience of seismic bridge design, only in the last 15 years has seismic bridge design been enhanced to include modern requirements. Codes before the 1971 Guide Specification and the 1980 Part V on seismic design had insufficient scientific knowledge, although they were used for design in a number of bridges. The paper by Dr. Iwasaki has contributed much to establishing modern seismic design codes for bridges. His contributions include, but are not limited to, the clarification of dynamic response characteristics of bridges based on extensive field measurements, the deployment of strong motion recording networks, the development of soil liquefaction evaluation based on FL, and the development of ground motion attenuation equations. All of his activities and research helped enhance seismic design codes for bridges in Japan.
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Lee, Min-Woo, Ji-Hyun Lee, Yeon-Seung Lee, Hyun-Jin Park, and Tak-Kee Lee. "Safety Assessment for Upper Part of Floating Crane Considering Minimum Luffing Angle." Applied Sciences 11, no. 11 (May 31, 2021): 5104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11115104.
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Floating cranes are used for the construction and installation work of harbors, various heavy industries, and offshore structures. In the case of floating cranes that need to move around the work site, their navigation can be constrained due to marine bridges. In some cases, the clearance under the bridge between the water surface and the bottom of the marine bridge may be too low, and floating cranes cannot pass under the marine bridge. In this study, the height of the marine bridges and the boom height of the floating cranes considering the minimum luffing angle were investigated. Through minimizing the boom luffing angle of the floating crane by the height of back tower, a floating crane with improved mobility through marine bridges was developed. A structural analysis model was produced to check whether the developed crane design satisfies the design criteria obeying the KR, DNVGL, and ABS rules, including luffing condition as a special consideration. As a result of the structural analyses, structural safety was validated for the service, stowage, and luffing conditions in terms of combined stresses, displacements, and buckling.
9
Stewart, Mark G. "Reliability-based bridge design and assessment." Progress in Structural Engineering and Materials 1, no. 2 (January 1998): 214–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pse.2260010215.
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Park, R. "Developments in seismic design procedures for bridges in New Zealand." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 30, no. 2 (June 30, 1997): 177–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.30.2.177-184.
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Progress on developments in the seismic design procedures for bridges in New Zealand is outlined. The current approach has evolved from the recommendations of a study group of the New Zealand National Society for Earthquake Engineering which was published in 1980. Research and development into the determination of the design seismic force and ductility demand, the capacity design approach, the detailing of bridge columns for adequate ductility, and the design approach using seismic isolation are discussed. More recent developments in New Zealand involving the assessment and retrofit of older bridge structures are also discussed and likely activities and needs of the next decade are suggested.
11
Markova, Jana, and Karel Jung. "Reliability Assessment of Bridge Column under Accidental Impact." Key Engineering Materials 691 (May 2016): 239–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.691.239.
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It is shown that alternative procedures for probabilistic assessment of design impact forces given in EN 1991-1-7 leads to similar results. The impact forces are up to three times greater than the recommended indicative values given in the main text of EN 1991-1-7. Provided that no other safety measures are undertaken, the structures designed for recommended lower bound of impact forces may have insufficient reliability. Application of the upper limit of impact forces should be recommended for key bridges where the bridge columns are situated near road intersections or in the adverse configuration of the terrain.
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Kripka, Moacir, Victor Yepes, and Cleovir Milani. "Selection of Sustainable Short-Span Bridge Design in Brazil." Sustainability 11, no. 5 (March 2, 2019): 1307. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11051307.
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Owing to the elevated cost of bridges, especially when compared to the cost of roads, their rational design and material selection are fundamental properties to consider when aiming to reduce the environmental impacts and lengthen the lifespan of the bridge. Especially in developing countries, the construction of new bridges (mainly short spanned) is still a necessity, and it is important that these new structures are designed according to all the sustainability parameters, instead of being based only on the construction cost. Thus, the present work aims to study short-span bridges by integrating environmental assessments into the decision-making process. To achieve this goal, three short-span bridge designs, proposed by public organizations in Brazil, are evaluated: Precast concrete bridge, mixed concrete/steel bridge, and timber bridge. In order to allow comparison, the same location and span are considered. The structures are evaluated considering the following quantitative aspects: Cost of construction, assembly and material transportation, lifespan, and environmental impact (measured by the global warming potential, GWP). In addition, some more subjective factors are considered, such as the architecture (layout and appearance) and the user’s sensation of security. The selection is made by the adoption of two multi-criteria decision-making methods (analytic hierarchy process or AHP and Vikor). The results obtained with both methods indicate the mixed concrete/steel bridge as the most adequate alternative. Some additional analysis is performed in order to evaluate the influence of the qualitative aspects, as well as to study the importance of the variations in the costs on the results.
13
Gaire, Prakash, and Ma Hongwang. "Seismic Assessment of RC Arch Bridge: A Case of 2015 Gorkha Earthquake." Journal of the Institute of Engineering 15, no. 1 (January 31, 2019): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jie.v15i1.27704.
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Nepal Himalayas is one of the most seismic vulnerable zones. The active tectonic action impels the assessment of structures in possible seismic hazards including the bridge structures. This paper presents the impact of the 2015 Gorkha earthquake on the existing reinforced concrete arch bridge at Chobhar, Nepal. A three-dimensional model of the bridge is constructed using Open Sees platform. Nonlinear pushover analysis was performed to find the displacement capacity of the bridge. Ground motion from the main shock of the 2015 Gorkha earthquake is used in this study. Nonlinear time history analysis is performed with three orthogonal ground motions applied in the transverse, longitudinal and vertical direction of the bridge. The study investigates the safety of the bridge scaling up the ground motion to potential PGA in Nepal Himalayas; the result demonstrated the necessity of retrofit to ensure the safety level. Moreover, the horizontal seismic force obtained from the time history analysis is compared with the force obtained from the design code of the bridge. Also, the design force as per the present code (revised code) is presented.
14
Martínez-Muñoz, D., J. V. Martí, and V. Yepes. "Steel-Concrete Composite Bridges: Design, Life Cycle Assessment, Maintenance, and Decision-Making." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (May 28, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8823370.
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Steel-concrete composite bridges are used as an alternative to concrete bridges because of their ability to adapt their geometry to design constraints and the possibility of reusing some of the materials in the structure. In this review, we report the research carried out on the design, behavior, optimization, construction processes, maintenance, impact assessment, and decision-making techniques of composite bridges in order to arrive at a complete design approach. In addition to a qualitative analysis, a multivariate analysis is used to identify knowledge gaps related to bridge design and to detect trends in research. An additional objective is to make visible the gaps in the sustainable design of composite steel-concrete bridges, which allows us to focus on future research studies. The results of this work show how researchers have concentrated their studies on the preliminary design of bridges with a mainly economic approach, while at a global level, concern is directed towards the search for sustainable solutions. It is found that life cycle impact assessment and decision-making strategies allow bridge managers to improve decision-making, particularly at the end of the life cycle of composite bridges.
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Cheng, Yong Chun, Hong Bin Guo, Xian Qiang Wang, and Yu Bo Jiao. "Durability Assessment of Reinforced Concrete Bridge Based on Fuzzy Neural Networks." Advanced Materials Research 838-841 (November 2013): 1069–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.838-841.1069.
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In the operation process of bridge structures, some bridges appear early failure without reaching design reference period due to the influences of external environment, vehicle load and other factors. Therefore, the problem of structure durability is very obvious. In this paper, a new durability assessment method is proposed based on fuzzy neural networks, which can take account of the defects and deficiencies of existing durability assessment methods. The simulation for learning and testing samples indicates that the proposed method possesses good learning ability and predictive analysis ability. Actual project verifies the effectiveness of the method
16
Sheikh, M. Neaz, and Frédéric Légeron. "Performance based seismic assessment of bridges designed according to Canadian Highway Bridge Design Code." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 41, no. 9 (September 2014): 777–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2013-0025.
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Recent research efforts have focused on the development of performance based seismic design methodologies for structures. However, the seismic design rules prescribed in the current Canadian Highway Bridge Design Code (CHBDC) is based largely on force based design principles. Although a set of performance requirements (performance objectives) for different return period earthquake events have been specified, there is no explicit requirement in the CHBDC to check the attainment of such performance objectives for the designed bridges. Also, no engineering parameters have been assigned to the specified performance objectives. This paper correlates seismic performance objectives (both qualitative and quantitative) with engineering parameters, based on the data collected from published experimental investigations and field investigation reports of recent earthquakes. A simple method has been developed and validated with experimental results for assessing the performance of bridges designed according to CHBDC. It has been found that the design rules prescribed in CHBDC do not guarantee that specified multiple seismic performance objectives can be achieved. An implicit seismic design rule in the form of performance response modification factor has been outlined for the performance based seismic design of bridges.
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Friedland, Ian M., Ronald L. Mayes, W. Phillip Yen, and John O’Fallon. "Highway Bridge Seismic Design: How Current Research May Affect Future Design Practice." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1696, no. 1 (January 2000): 209–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1696-65.
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Under several contracts sponsored by FHWA, the Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research has been conducting a research program on highway structure seismic design and construction. Among its objectives, the program studies the seismic vulnerability of highway bridges, tunnels, and retaining structures and develops information that could be used, in the case of bridges, to revise current national design specifications. A specific requirement of the program is to have research results independently reviewed and assessed to determine the impact they may have on future seismic design specifications for highway structures. Some of the important results of the research that has been conducted under the program are summarized, and issues that resulted from this impact assessment about expected changes in future seismic design practice of highway bridges are discussed.
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Seyed Khoei, Amir, Reza Akbari, Shahrokh Maalek, and Alireza Gharighoran. "Assessment of Design and Retrofitting Solutions on the Progressive Collapse of Hongqi Bridge." Shock and Vibration 2020 (September 15, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4932721.
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In 2009, the Hongqi Bridge, a multispan reinforced concrete bridge located in Zhuzhou, Hunan Province, China, collapsed progressively in the form of domino, due to extreme effect of deck to pier, during demolition process of the bridge. In this study, progressive collapse of Hongqi Bridge was investigated using nonlinear dynamic analysis in the Applied Element Method, which has been proven as one of the best methods that can follow the collapse behavior of structures. Good agreements were obtained between numerical results and field observations as well as previously reported results. After verifying the bridge collapse procedure, the effects of different alternatives for superstructure and substructure systems on the progressive collapse procedure were investigated. In addition, application of restrainers at the connection of deck to abutment was studied as an effective solution in order to prevent collapse propagation and to minimize associated damages. The results of the study showed that all chosen methods and factors could be helpful and effective in the procedure of collapse propagation for this kind of bridge.
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Kireeva, V. I., E. M. Volokhov, and M. O. Lebedev. "Assessment of differential subsidence harmful effects on large bridge structures during the underground space development." E3S Web of Conferences 266 (2021): 03003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126603003.
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The purpose of the study was to confirm the capability of numerical simulation of soils shift and bridge structures elements deformations during underground construction. The main goal of this simulation was to assess the harmful effects of mining operations on the existing bridge load-bearing elements. Modeling of bridge structures undermining by earth pressure balance tunneling boring machines (EPB TBMs) was carried out both at the design stage for predicting deformations and at the stage of underground work completion.
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Zhu, Long Liang, and Jin Bo Song. "Research on Bridge Rapid Detection Assessment." Applied Mechanics and Materials 361-363 (August 2013): 1284–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.361-363.1284.
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After the earthquake, rapid detection, assessment and emergency rob pass, the traffic is the important content and key link of rescue and relief work on the bridge earthquake damage suffered. The United States, Japan and China's Taiwan region is also a strong earthquake areas, due to the road traffic damage in earthquake, to these countries and regions for the seismic design of structures and strengthening technology, post-earthquake rapid assessment and development of traffic recovery technology. In our country, although the strong earthquakes occurred frequently, but as a result of the earthquake occurred in the remote, the population density of small area, so the lack of information about seismic influence on traffic roads, limits the development of related technology. Until the 1976 Tangshan earthquake, the earthquake caused complete paralysis of highway traffic, earthquake damage investigation on highway development of our country, for the subsequent revision of seismic design of highway engineering specification to play a role in promoting. The May 12, 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and April 14, 2010 Qinghai Yushu earthquake makes the traffic infrastructure severely damaged, resulting in post-earthquake relief work is blocked, delayed the rescue time, also exposed China's rapid detection of defects assessment and emergency maintenance repair technology technical reserves hidden dangers in post-earthquake highway bridge.
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Wang, Chung Sheng, Xiao Hong Dong, Wen Hui Miao, and Gan Li. "Fatigue Safety Evaluation of Existing Reinforced Concrete Bridges." Key Engineering Materials 413-414 (June 2009): 749–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.413-414.749.
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Generally, fatigue has not been considered as a key problem in the design of reinforced concrete bridges. Until the 1960s, reinforcement was mild steel and the stresses permitted in the steel bar and the concrete were such that fatigue and fracture failure was believed to be impossible. With the developments of reinforced concrete structures, higher working stresses were permitted and, in particular, high yield reinforcing bars were introduced. Design rules were issued to control cracking and to prohibit welding of reinforcement unless the risk of fatigue was negligible. In recent years, great deals of researches have been carried out, leading to a better understanding of the fatigue behaviors in concrete structures. Some studies showed that fatigue could occur in reinforced concrete structures in combination with other causes of deterioration. In the past eight years, considerable increases in traffic intensity and wheel loads have caused obviously fatigue damage in reinforced concrete structures in China. Some reinforced concrete bridges were damaged seriously, leading to the whole bridge collapse sometimes because of overloading and oversize trucks. So how to evaluate the fatigue safety of existing reinforced concrete bridges is an urgent problem in China. In the current paper, the assessment models of existing reinforced concrete bridges based on S-N curve and fracture mechanics approach were proposed considering the effect of overloading and oversize trucks. Finally the assessment method based on S-N curve and in-situ monitoring data was applied to a case study bridge.
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Salcher, Patrick, and Christoph Adam. "Quick assessment of high-speed railway bridges based on a non-dimensional parameter representation." Advances in Structural Engineering 20, no. 11 (March 30, 2017): 1623–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369433216689568.
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The objective of this study is to provide the engineering practice with a tool for simplified dynamic response assessment of high-speed railway bridges in the pre-design phase. To serve this purpose, a non-dimensional representation of the characteristic parameters of the train–bridge interaction problem is described and extended based on a beam bridge model subjected to the static axle loads of the crossing high-speed train. The non-dimensional parameter representation is used to discuss several code-related design issues. It is revealed that in an admitted parameter domain, a code-regulated static assessment of high-speed railway bridges may under-predict the actual dynamic response. Furthermore, the minimum mass of a bridge as a function of the characteristic parameters is presented to comply with the maximum bridge acceleration specified in standards.
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Park, R. "Improving the resistance of structures to earthquakes." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 34, no. 1 (March 31, 2001): 1–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.34.1.1-39.
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The past occurrence of earthquakes in New Zealand and the likelihood of a major earthquake in Christchurch are considered. The causes of damage by earthquakes are discussed and typical possible types of damage to building and bridge structures are described with reference to the 1995 Kobe earthquake. The design of building and bridge structures for earthquake resistance by the ductile design approach is covered, including performance criteria, structural configuration, design seismic forces, mechanisms of post-elastic deformation, capacity design, detailing of reinforcement for ductility and control of deflections. Design using base isolation and mechanical energy dissipating devices is also outlined. The extensive use of precast concrete in buildings in New Zealand is described. Finally the seismic assessment and upgrading of old structures and the earthquake resistance of lifelines of communities (transportation, utilities and communications) are briefly considered.
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Yanmaz, A. Melih, and Meric Apaydin. "Bridge Scour Risk Assessment and Countermeasure Design." Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities 26, no. 4 (August 2012): 499–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)cf.1943-5509.0000254.
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Priestley, M. J. N., and F. Seible. "Performance assessment of damaged bridge bents after the Loma Prieta earthquake." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 25, no. 1 (March 31, 1992): 44–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.25.1.44-51.
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Following the October 17, 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake, a large number of damaged and undamaged structural concrete bridge structures had to be assessed and evaluated for seismic repair and retrofit. The lack of consistent assessment and evaluation models prompted the formulation of the outlined procedures in a first attempt to develop a comprehensive basis for the seismic assessment and retrofit of existing bridge structures. The presented principles are currently being developed at UCSD into consistent assessment design models in cooperation with the California Department of Transportation.
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Vida, Radoslav, and Jaroslav Halvonik. "Shear Assessment of Concrete Bridge Deck Slabs." Key Engineering Materials 738 (June 2017): 110–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.738.110.
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The transitions from old STN standards to Eurocode standards brought several problems into bridge design and assessment. Shear reinforcement is now often required even in concrete members, which were previously allowed to be built without it. Moreover, assessment of existing reinforced concrete bridge structures often shows their insufficiency in shear capacity, which means that they should be strengthened or replaced. Work on new generation of Eurocodes is currently in progress and current model for shear assessment should be replaced by a new (and more precise) one. This paper deals with the problem of shear assessment of concrete bridge according to current standard and also according to the new shear models that are under consideration.
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García-Soto, A. D., A. Hernández-Martínez, and J. G. Valdés-Vázquez. "Probabilistic assessment of a design truck model and live load factor from weigh-in-motion data for Mexican Highway bridge design." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 42, no. 11 (November 2015): 970–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2015-0216.
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This study is focused on the statistical characterization of live load effects on bridges using weigh-in-motion data from a Mexican highway. A truck load model that is simpler than the design truck model implemented in the current Mexican requirements is suggested for design. The statistics are employed in target-reliability based calibration and verification of load factors in Mexican bridge design. Suggestions that could be useful for the Canadian bridge engineering practice are included.
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Mandal, Bharat, Vincenzo Bianco, and Giorgio Monti. "Pounding Response Spectra of Bridge Decks." Applied Mechanics and Materials 847 (July 2016): 183–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.847.183.
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Pounding-induced damage to structures, either buildings or bridges, is systematically observed after significant earthquakes. This has emphasized the necessity of accounting for this phenomenon either in the design of new bridges or the seismic assessment of existing bridges. For this reason, practitioners concerned with bridge structures should be provided with concise computational tools to correctly quantify the effects due to pounding. One such tool is represented by pounding spectra, which were already introduced a couple of decades ago. This work presents a proposal of simplified equations for pounding-related displacement spectra. The first part of this paper presents the computational aspects arising when modeling such complex phenomenon. The second part presents the results of numerical analyses, in terms of displacement spectra. The third part presents a set of simple expressions to allow practitioners easily evaluate pounding-related effects in terms of displacement amplification with respect to the no-pounding condition.
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Taylor, P. R., A. M. van Selst, W. E. Hodge, and R. G. Sexsmith. "Annacis cable-stayed bridge—design for earthquake." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 12, no. 3 (September 1, 1985): 472–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l85-055.
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The 465 m span Annacis cable-stayed bridge, currently under construction near Vancouver, British Columbia, will be the longest cable-stayed span in the world when it is completed in 1986. As this bridge is partially founded on soft delta deposits and is located within 80 km of a seismic source zone, its design has required careful consideration of earthquake effects. This paper reports the seismic analytical and design approaches adopted for the foundations and superstructure of the bridge. Details covered include dynamic modelling of the subsoil layers, correlation of measured surface accelerations with those predicted by computer modelling from nearby rock accelerations, earthquake risk analysis, assessment of the soil liquefaction potential, compliance of deep piles and pier translation during ground shaking, dynamic modelling of the superstructure, ductility and displacement demands in the superstructure, and details for construction. Key words: bridges, earthquake.
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Wang, Chunsheng, Lan Duan, Musai Zhai, Yuxiao Zhang, and Shichao Wang. "Steel bridge long-term performance research technology framework and research progress." Advances in Structural Engineering 20, no. 1 (July 28, 2016): 51–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369433216646005.
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To ensure structural sustainability, it is necessary to conduct steel bridge long-term performance study, including bridge design, evaluation, maintenance, and reinforcement technology. The research on steel bridge long-term performance is introduced in four aspects: (1) fatigue performance experimental study for full-scale orthotropic steel bridge decks in laboratory to study its fatigue failure mechanism, in order to improve fatigue design methodology and find rational reinforcement and maintenance method; (2) conducting steel bridge out-of-plane distortion-induced fatigue performance study, and developing cold reinforcement method; (3) performance study for base material and typical joint under long-term vehicle and environmental effect in aging steel bridges, and safety assessment and maintenance of existing steel bridge; (4) temperature gradient monitoring for steel box girder model to build the temperature design mode. Meantime, in-situ tests and monitoring are conducted for steel bridge long-term performance detection, assessment, and maintenance. The study results in this article build the research framework of steel bridge long-term performance preliminarily, which is the basis for steel bridge sustainable design, maintenance, and cold reinforcement methodology system.
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Panesar, Daman K., and F. Michael Bartlett. "Assessment of precast stringer highway bridges using mean load method." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 33, no. 11 (November 1, 2006): 1359–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l06-081.
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The mean load method of the Canadian Highway Bridge Design Code is used to evaluate the shear and bending moment reliability of existing precast "type G" stringer bridges in Alberta that date from the late 1950s. The overall stringer population is categorized into distinct subpopulations using bridge-specific factors, including the degree of deterioration and approach span condition, which are readily identified during a brief field visit or from inspection reports. Critical sections to be investigated for reliability resisting shear forces or bending moments are determined. The reliability indices decrease if the reinforcement is corroded or the bridge approach is not smooth, and the reduction of the maximum axle loads permitted by legislation due to these factors is quantified. For bridge subpopulations where the actual reliability index is less than the target value for current legal axle loads, the critical axle load for moment is less than that for shear. Therefore, if flexural distress is not noted during inspection of such structures, they are likely adequate for the actual loading they are subjected to.Key words: corrosion, deterioration, dynamic load allowance, mean load method, reliability, visual inspection.
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Wu, Fangwen, Jingwen Zhou, Yangyang Zhao, Guangqian Wang, Wenlong Tang, Jianfei Luo, Usama Ibrahim, and Yuanying Meng. "Performance-Based Seismic Fragility and Risk Assessment of Five-Span Continuous Rigid Frame Bridges." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (April 8, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6657663.
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Earthquakes can cause serious damage to traffic infrastructures, among which the impact on bridge structure is the most important. Therefore, in order to assess bridges serviceability, it is important to master their damage mechanism and to analyze its probability of occurrence under a given seismic action. Various uncertainties, like the location of epicentre of future earthquakes and their magnitudes, make this task quite challenging. We are also required to consider different earthquake scenarios and the damaged states of bridge components associated with those earthquakes. To suppress these difficulties, this study proposed a new method of performance-based seismic fragility and risk assessment for bridges. The proposed method included three steps: (1) performance-based seismic fragility estimation of a five-span continuous rigid frame bridge, (2) seismic hazard analysis for locations of the bridge, and (3) seismic risk analysis of the bridge. The proposed method that considered the performance of the bridge and the uncertainty in the location of the earthquake epicentre and magnitudes can provide valuable references for seismic-resistant design of multispan continuous rigid frame bridges in the future.
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Chajes, Michael J., Harry W. Shenton, and Dennis O’Shea. "Bridge-Condition Assessment and Load Rating Using Nondestructive Evaluation Methods." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1696, no. 1 (January 2000): 83–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1696-48.
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In most cases, bridge-condition assessment is made according to visual inspections, and bridge-load ratings are determined with fairly simple analytical methods and without site-specific, live-load, bridge-response data. As a result, estimates of bridge load-carrying capacity are often quite conservative. The increased weight of today’s trucks compared with design loads that are used for older bridges, combined with the continued aging and deterioration of our nation’s bridges, has resulted in a significant number of them being classified as structurally deficient. Reliable condition assessments are essential to ensure the safety of the traveling public. Furthermore, because load-carrying capacity is often used to prioritize bridges for repair, rehabilitation, and replacement, and because funds for these actions are limited, it is more important than ever that these estimates be as accurate as possible. To achieve this goal, researchers at the University of Delaware have been working with engineers at the Delaware Department of Transportation to develop methods for improving the accuracy of bridge-capacity evaluation through use of nondestructive evaluation techniques. Among the methods currently used are diagnostic load testing and in-service monitoring. These methods are described, and a detailed case study that illustrates the applied methodologies is discussed.
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Pellegrino, Carlo, Mariano Angelo Zanini, Paolo Zampieri, and Claudio Modena. "In Situ Investigations for the Seismic Assessment of Existing Bridges." Key Engineering Materials 628 (August 2014): 102–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.628.102.
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The outcomes of an in-situ experimental campaign in the context of the seismic assessment of 71 existing road bridges belonging to the Veneto regional roadway network have been described. An in-situ and laboratory experimental campaign on basic materials was carried out with the aim of characterizing the main mechanical material parameters of each bridge. Structural assessment has been subsequently carried out, comparing the obtained results with those deriving from a preliminary analysis conducted on the basis of some assumptions on materials’ mechanical characteristics related to the original design documents and the construction practice at the time of the structures’ edification.
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Navarro, Ignacio Javier, Vicent Penadés-Plà, David Martínez-Muñoz, Rasmus Rempling, and Víctor Yepes. "LIFE CYCLE SUSTAINABILITY ASSESSMENT FOR MULTI-CRITERIA DECISION MAKING IN BRIDGE DESIGN: A REVIEW." JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 26, no. 7 (October 2, 2020): 690–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/jcem.2020.13599.
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Sustainable design of infrastructures has become a major matter of study since the recent establishment of the Agenda 2030. This paper provides a systematic literature review on the use of multi-criteria decision making techniques used so far for the sustainable design of bridges. Special attention is put as well on how the reviewed studies assess the sustainable performance of bridge designs along their life cycle from the economic, the environmental and the social perspective. Although SAW and AHP are recurrently used in the sustainable assessment of bridges, the analysis of the most recent articles show that the application of TOPSIS and PROMETHEE techniques are gaining increasing relevance for such purpose. Most of the studies focus on the research of the construction and the maintenance stage of bridges. However, a need for further analysis is identified when it comes to the assessment of the impacts resulting from the End of Life cycle stage of bridges from a sustainable point of view. The use of intuitionistic and neutrosophic logic have been detected as emerging alternatives to the fuzzy approach of decision making problems.
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Valente, Isabel, Luís F. Ramos, Kevin Vasquez, Paulo Guimarães, and Paulo B. Lourenço. "Non-Destructive Tests for the Structural Assessment of a Historical Bridge over the Tua River." Key Engineering Materials 569-570 (July 2013): 390–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.569-570.390.
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Paradela Bridge is a metallic bridge located along the bank of the Tua River in northern Portugal. While the bridge is not currently in service, its structure is representative of many metallic truss structures built across the continent between the XIX and the XX century. Tua Line belongs to the Douro area that UNESCO recently declared as world heritage. This study acquires its importance since it might serve as an insight for the study of many other similar structures all over the country. This paper comprises a historic investigation of archived documents, an on-site survey to evaluate its present conditions, a dynamic testing and the construction and calibration of numerical models in finite element analysis (FEA) software, structural assessment and capacity rating estimation. The purpose of constructing numerical models was to evaluate the suitability of the bridge under the original loading and in accordance to modern design standards. The historical research revealed that the truss bridge was designed as a simply supported element and that a series of hand calculations were carried out on individual structural elements (e.g. main trusses, stringers and floor beams). Furthermore, a dynamic test was conducted in order to identify the global dynamic properties of the structure and to calibrate numerical models that ensure reliability and representativeness. FE models served through the structural assessment of the bridge in accordance with modern design codes and to estimate the safety of the bridge. Likewise, a nonlinear failure analysis was also conducted in order to estimate the capacity rate of the bridge and the likely failure modes.
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Bignotti, Giorgio. "12 Years of Structural Health Assessment and Maintenance for the Glulam Timber Structure of the Mormanno Traffic Bridge in Calabria." Advanced Materials Research 778 (September 2013): 771–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.778.771.
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The Mormanno traffic Bridge, built at the end of the year 2000 in South Italy, with its glulam exposed structure spanning around 70 m, is one of the most impressive traffic timber bridges in the world. The paper illustrates the various analysis executed for the assessment of the health of the structure and for the following maintenance actions during the first twelve years of service of the Bridge (2001-2013). In the year 2004 a first visit for the assessment of the health of the timber bridge was decided. A team of experts inspected the bridge in order to check the conditions of the timber structures and register all the damages produced by weathering, fungi and insects on the structural elements. The experts found the decay still limited but recommended a maintenance action capable to stop the initial degenerative process mainly due to a moisture content higher than normal. In the year 2008 [ a new inspection team visited the bridge for the second time in order to check the effectiveness of the measures of protection adopted four years before. Non-destructive testing were used to investigate the health of the main glulam arches. The decay in the members object of the previous maintenance in general had stopped or slowed down, but in some other parts the moisture content was still higher than acceptable and more protections were added. In the following years the maintenance was completed giving the bridge the possibility to extend its service with a sufficient level of safety. The frequent inspections of the bridge structure provided useful information for the maintenance of the Mormanno bridge but also in general for the design of the durability and for the maintenance planning of exposed timber structures. Fig. 1 the Mormanno Bridge in service
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Lu, Naiwei, Yang Liu, Mohammad Noori, and Xinhui Xiao. "System Reliability Assessment of Cable-Supported Bridges under Stochastic Traffic Loads Based on Deep Belief Networks." Applied Sciences 10, no. 22 (November 13, 2020): 8049. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10228049.
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A cable-supported bridge is usually a key junction of a highway or a railway that demands a higher safety margin, especially when it is subjected to harsh environmental and complex loading conditions. In comparison to short-span girder bridges, long-span flexible structures have unique characteristics that increase the complexity of the structural mechanical behavior. Therefore, the system safety of cable-supported bridges is critical but difficult to evaluate. This study proposes a novel and intelligent approach for system reliability evaluation of cable-supported bridges under stochastic traffic load by utilizing deep belief networks (DBNs). The related mathematical models were derived taking into consideration the structural nonlinearities and high-order statically indeterminate characteristics. A computational framework is presented to illustrate the steps followed for system reliability evaluation using DBNs. In a case study, a prototype suspension bridge is selected to investigate the system reliability under stochastic traffic loading based on site-specific traffic monitoring data. The numerical results indicated that DBNs provide an accurate approximation for the mechanical behavior accounting for structural nonlinearities and different system behaviors, which can be treated as a meta-model to estimate the structural failure probability. The dominant failure modes of the suspension bridge are the fracture of suspenders followed by the bending failure of girders. The degradation of suspenders due to fatigue-corrosion damage has a significant effect on the system reliability of a suspension bridge. The numerical results provide a theoretical basis for the design on cable replacement strategies.
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Yan, Junyuan, Lu Deng, and Wei He. "Evaluation of existing prestressed concrete bridges considering the randomness of live load distribution factor due to random vehicle loading position." Advances in Structural Engineering 20, no. 5 (September 14, 2016): 737–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369433216664350.
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The live load distribution factor is a very important parameter in both the design of new bridges and the evaluation of in-service bridges. Studies have shown that there can be large discrepancy between the actual load distribution factors of field bridges and the load distribution factors predicted by bridge design codes. In addition, the load distribution factor is always treated as a constant in bridge assessment even though it is a random variable with certain statistical properties. In this study, the reliability indexes of 15 prestressed concrete girder bridges designed following the AASHTO LRFD code are calculated by considering the randomness of the load distribution factors induced by the random vehicle transverse position. It is found that there is a considerable increase in the calculated bridge reliability indexes, especially for short-span bridges, when the load distribution factor is modeled as a random variable with the statistical properties obtained from numerical simulations. This suggests that vehicle transverse position is one important factor that can be considered if a refined analysis is desirable when traditional evaluation methods predict unsatisfactory bridge assessment results. The findings in this article also highlight the importance of considering the actual vehicle transverse position in the evaluation of existing bridges.
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Farhey, Daniel N., Razi Naghavi, Alper Levi, Aniruddha M. Thakur, Mark A. Pickett, Douglas K. Nims, and A. Emin Aktan. "Deterioration Assessment and Rehabilitation Design of Existing Steel Bridge." Journal of Bridge Engineering 5, no. 1 (February 2000): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)1084-0702(2000)5:1(39).
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Dunai, László, and Balázs Kövesdi. "Damage assessment of the historical Széchenyi Chain Bridge." Journal of Computational and Applied Mechanics 15, no. 2 (2020): 101–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.32973/jcam.2020.007.
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The Széchenyi Chain Bridge is a 170-year-old historical structure located in the downtown of Budapest. The superstructure of the bridge was reconstructed several times in its history and currently the renewal process of the bridge is under consideration. According to the current plans main girders, chain elements and cross-girders will remain the old structure and the deck system will be replaced by a new orthotropic steel deck. The Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Department of Structural Engineering was involved in the design process and in the assessment of the remaining elements’ condition within the last 5 years. During the project authors were faced with numerous specific important and challenging structural problems, modelling specialties, advanced design methods and research interest. The main part of these unusual characteristics come from the layout of the historical structure, long time traffic and corrosion problems. One of the most important questions during the structural analysis is the condition and rotational capacity of the pins between the chain elements. The chain system is more than 100 years old and the rotational capacity of the pins is questionable due to corrosion and friction. This phenomenon significantly influences the static behaviour of the chain elements and the whole suspending system. The current paper presents the numerical and on-site experimental program on the investigation of the rotational capacity of the pins. A second important question was related to the condition of current deck system. Significant corrosion damage was observed on the steel stringers which might cause damage or local collapse of the bridge deck under public transportation loads. Advanced numerical model using probabilistic analysis (FORM) and measurement based corrosion models are applied to make a risk assessment of the deck system's capability to maintain and keep the current traffic on the bridge before the deck will be replaced. Via this bridge inspection and investigation project the authors would like to demonstrate the application of advanced numerical modelling based design techniques and the industrial application of research models for lifetime assessment and risk analysis of historical structures.
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Lu, Guanya, Kehai Wang, and Wenhua Qiu. "Fragility-Based Improvement of System Seismic Performance for Long-Span Suspension Bridges." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (September 10, 2020): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8693729.
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In this study, a procedure is developed to evaluate and improve the seismic performance of long-span suspension bridges based on the performance objectives under the fragility function framework. A common type of suspension bridge in China was utilized in the proposed procedure, considering its approach structures according to earthquake damage experience and fortification criteria. Component-level fragility curves were derived by probabilistic seismic demand models (PSDMs) using a set of nonlinear time-history analyses that incorporated the related uncertainties such as earthquake motions and structural properties. In addition, one step that was covered was to pinpoint the capacity limit states of critical components including bearings, pylons, and columns. The stepwise improved seismic designs were proposed in terms of the component fragility results of the as-built design. Results of the comparison of improved designs showed that the retrofit measure of the suspension span should be selected based on two attributes, i.e., displacement and force, and the restraint system of the approach bridges was a key factor affecting the reasonable damage sequence. Necessarily, from the comparison of different system vulnerability models, the mean values of earthquake intensity of system-level fragility function developed by the composite damage state indices were used to assess the overall seismic performance of the suspension bridge. The results showed that compared to the absolutely serial and serial-parallel assumptions, the defined composite damage indices incorporating the thought of component classification and structural relative importance between the main bridge and approach structures were necessary and were able to derive a good indicator of seismic performance assessment, hence validating the point that the different damage states were dominated by the seismic demands of different structures for the retrofitted bridges.
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Testa, Rene B., and Bojidar S. Yanev. "Bridge Maintenance Level Assessment." Computer-Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering 17, no. 5 (September 2002): 358–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8667.00282.
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Saadeghvaziri, M. Ala, and Saeid Rashidi. "Seismic Design and Retrofit Issues for Bridges in New Jersey." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1594, no. 1 (January 1997): 94–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1594-10.
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An overview of guidelines and requirements for seismic design of new bridges and retrofit of existing ones in New Jersey is presented. The results of an ongoing study on seismic assessment of existing bridges in New Jersey are also presented. It is shown that for many older bridges the seismic capacity in the transverse direction is minimal and the bearings can be damaged. However, because of the redundancy of multi-girder bridges, failure of the bearings may not cause collapse of the bridge as long as the columns and piers possess adequate ductility and strength. Circular columns do have adequate lateral reinforcement, but square columns lack the needed ductility demand. In the longitudinal direction, again, failure of the bearings because of shear failure of the bolts is a strong possibility. Unlike in the transverse direction, because of impact and separation of adjacent spans and inadequacy of seat width at the abutments and the tops of piers, loss of span and total failure of the bridge can occur. Therefore, it is important that essential bridges be retrofitted in the longitudinal direction, as proposed. Future research and development needs are also discussed
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Saad Abbadi, Mohamed, and Nouzha Lamdouar. "Structural evaluation updating based on quality control and proof loads." MATEC Web of Conferences 149 (2018): 02014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201814902014.
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In a context of limited available resources, the structural evaluation of bridges is important to avoid the high costs of replacement and repair. As a rational evaluation criterion, the reliability of structures based on probabilistic theories provides an accurate estimate of the current strength and the remaining life time. It also represents an effective approach for analysing structural reliability under uncertainties in parameter estimates during the service life of designed and existing structures, especially during the construction.Where new information concerning the actual bridge conditions is available, which is unknown in the design phase. The certificates of material properties, measurements of actual bridge geometry, collection load data, and results of proof load testing are the major resources of this information. The extra information unknown in the design phase could be used to reduce some uncertainties related to the bridge member resistance and load parameters entering the evaluation process.The aim of this study is twofold: (a) taking into account the uncertainties ofstrength parameters, by presenting some approaches for the efficient inclusion of quality control and proof loads in the structural reliability assessment process.The results of these approaches reveals the actual safety margins in the structure and permits to avoid either unnecessary reinforcement operations or unjustified reduced load limits.
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Balogun, Teslim B., Adrienn Tomor, Jessica Lamond, Hazem Gouda, and Colin A. Booth. "Life-cycle assessment environmental sustainability in bridge design and maintenance." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Engineering Sustainability 173, no. 7 (October 1, 2020): 365–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/jensu.19.00042.
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Zhang, Xie Dong, Jin Zhi Wang, and Xiao Dong Wang. "Study on Fengdu Second Yangtze River Bridge the Cable Anchorage Structure in a Girder Transfer Mechanism." Advanced Materials Research 291-294 (July 2011): 2320–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.291-294.2320.
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The cable anchorage region in a girder is the key part of cable stayed bridge， in which stress distribution is rather complicated. A general plane analysis method is hard to reflect actual stress status. According to the design of Fengdu Second Yangtze River Bridge In this paper, the analysis of the spatial stress distribution of the cable anchorage structure in a girder is carried out in design load by making use of the common analysis software-Midas FEA and spatial finite element method, the verification and assessment of Fengdu Second Yangtze River Bridge Anchor Plate rational structural design is conducted, in order to put forward optimize the design suggestions, to ensure that such structures the realization of economy and reliability.
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Wang, Ying Fei, Gui Hong Dong, Fa Deng, and Zhi Hong Fan. "Application Research of the Efficient Detection for Permeability of the Large Marine Concrete Structures." Applied Mechanics and Materials 525 (February 2014): 512–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.525.512.
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Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge, the main structure is immersed tube tunnel bridge, its design life of 120 years, to find a suitable detection method is essential to assess the durability of the tunnel to ensure quality. TORRENT detection method and concrete testing radar combining such a large cross-section of the tunnel concrete structures nondestructive testing, test results show that the combination of these two methods on its own merits, the principle can efficiently detect large section structure permeability. NDT permeability through the tunnel to achieve effective assessment of the quality of concrete.
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Hoang, Nam. "Design Formulas for Cable Tension in Cable-stayed Bridges Considering Sag and Bending Rigidity." Science and Technology Development Journal 18, no. 1 (March 31, 2015): 95–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v18i1.945.
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Estimating cable tension in cable-stayed bridges or in external tendons is essential for regular inspection and assessment of those structures. Vibration measurements provide a solution, however, may not be accurate in cases parameters such as amount of sag and bending rigidity of cable are significant. In this study, the characteristic equation for vibration of the most general case of a cable, where both the sag and flexure in the cable are taken into account, is analytically derived. After that by considering proper simplifying assumptions of small flexural rigidity parameter, asymptotic forms of that equation are obtained. It renders a practically applicable procedure to estimate cable tension using measured natural frequencies. The developed procedure is verified by realistic data of a cable stayed bridge in Vietnam.
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Sharp, Stephen R., Jason Provines, Audrey K. Moruza, William F. Via, and Keith N. Harrop. "Design, Fabrication, Construction, and Cost Assessment of Virginia’s First Corrosion Resistant ASTM A1010 Plate Girder Bridge." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no. 26 (June 20, 2018): 68–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118773888.
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This study documents the construction of the Waynesboro Route 340 Bridge with low-maintenance corrosion resistant steel girders, cross-frames, and stainless steel bolts. This includes documenting the fabrication of the ASTM A1010 steel plate, girder and secondary members, erecting the girders, and completion of the construction process. The types of stainless steel materials used to fabricate the girders are reported with a comparison to traditional materials. Information on the material properties was documented. Cost analysis was performed and guidance was provided to the Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) about how this type of plate girder will benefit the DOT. Overall, the design, fabrication, and construction of the A1010 steel girder Route 340 bridge was a success. This is the first bridge in the United States to use A1010 haunched girders, completely stainless steel bolted splices, and A1010 cross frames. To that end, it was concluded that a conventional steel bridge fabricator can successfully fabricate an A1010 steel bridge. Through detailed testing of the stainless steel bolts, it was also shown that acceptable utilization of stainless steel structural connections can be achieved. VDOT was also able to successfully demonstrate fabrication of A1010 steel cross frames utilizing bent plate shapes. It is recommended to continue to evaluate improved welding processes for the A1010 base metal and to consider the use of A1010 as a repair material for in-service structures located in corrosive macro-environments, such as near saltwater or industrial sites, or those which contain aggressive micro-environments such as steel beam ends under joints.