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Marshall, L. "Healthcare environment design and patient experience." Thesis, Canterbury Christ Church University, 2018. http://create.canterbury.ac.uk/17671/.
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The design of healthcare environments has been shown to produce positive effects for patient outcomes, particularly in mental healthcare. However, relatively little is known about patient experience of design within physical healthcare environments. In this study, fourteen cancer patients were interviewed about their experiences of using a newly built cancer centre that incorporates art and design. Grounded theory methodology provided a framework for the analysis of results and the construction of a theoretical model which represents a first attempt at explaining the relationship between healthcare environments and patients with respect to emotional wellbeing. Results show that central aspects of this particular healthcare environment – orientation, physical aspects of design, and atmosphere – were not like a hospital and these led to diverse patient experiences depending on the individual context, in other words the personal histories and preferences that patients brought. Implications for research and clinical practice, including the benefits of drawing upon helpful aspects of environments as part of a holistic approach to treatment, are discussed.
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Yoders, Samuel A. "Integration of Simulation into Healthcare Education through Applied Constructivism: A Randomized, Switching Replications Experiment." NSUWorks, 2017. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/gscis_etd/1002.
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This report describes the development, deployment, and analysis of an experimental instructional unit using applied constructivism instructional design (ID). The ID template was used to integrate a high-fidelity simulator into an undergraduate health care degree curriculum in a private, not-for-profit university. A switching-replications experimental design was used with random assignment of volunteer participants to initial treatment and control groups. Quantitative analysis of learning outcomes using standardized assessments was performed, including correlational analysis for knowledge transfer of simulator skills to clinical skills. Statistically significant positive effects were found for the educational outcomes of participants when measuring both the knowledge and application of heart anatomical structures and views for examination of the heart with ultrasound. Mild positive correlations were found between performance on the simulator and performance in an actual clinical setting, with limited predictive value between the two. The switching-replications experimental design helped to control for potentially strong social effects that could have endangered internal validity and to maximize the data available for analysis. Many of the constructivist-based ID features of the educational unit resulted in positive feedback and participation from participants. However, cautionary findings relating to the ID features included the need to carefully evaluate their use, as there was a tendency for participants to not value the performance of certain features if they were not going to be graded, despite their likely educational benefit. Future research suggested includes repetition across similar institutions with disparate student populations, and use of the educational unit ID template to implement simulation technology in other educational realms. Other possibilities include determining the effects on learning outcomes of a more-realistic user interface (UI) design and/or increased realism (difficulty) in the simulation itself. Related qualitative-based research could include structured interviews to determine participant satisfaction and learning outlooks, and investigation of the learners’ thoughts and perceptions as they use actual ultrasound machines after practicing on the simulator through think-aloud and active interview techniques.
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Xu, Guo Dong. "Thoughts on Design Ethics Applied to Kitchen Management System in the Information and Digitization Age." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1523633653648084.
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Amantini, Susy Nazare Silva Ribeiro. "Desenvolvimento da maca infantil multifuncional para atendimento odonto-médico-hospitalar de bebês e pré-escolares." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/25/25145/tde-08092014-100422/.
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O público infantil, na faixa etária de 0 - 5 anos, ainda é pouco assistido no que se refere aos recursos de acomodação para atendimento odontopediátrico. No mercado brasileiro o que se encontra disponível para esta finalidade, são produtos pouco funcionais para as crianças de zero a trinta e seis meses e que não atendem às exigências mínimas de adequação ergonômica, seja para o bom desempenho dos profissionais, ou para conforto, segurança e bem estar à criança. Este relatório de tese apresenta a pesquisa e desenvolvimento da maca infantil para atendimento odontopediátrico, sob a ótica do design aplicado à saúde, cujas bases se estruturaram nos conceitos de ergonomia, usabilidade e emotion design, com o objetivo de propor um equipamento adequado às características psicofísicas do público usuário. A pesquisa se desenvolveu sob duas vertentes de usuários pacientes e profissionais, observando os impactos psicofísicos, nesses dois públicos, da relação interface X usuário. Esta pesquisa ofereceu as prerrogativas para especificar os requisitos de projeto do design da maca, observando as necessidades evidenciadas para identificar as funções que a nova maca deverá desempenhar. O resultado apresentado exibe uma estrutura morfológica semelhante a da cadeira odontológica para adultos, porém seu dimensionamento é correspondente e apropriado ao público infantil de 0 - 5 anos. A proposta final foi incrementada com acessórios, cujas funções são de ajustar a posição da criança na da maca, oferecer os apoios necessários para acomodação confortável do pescoço e dos membros inferiores, além de proporcionar uma contenção confortável de movimentos bruscos do tronco, membros inferiores e cabeça, a fim de garantir a segurança da criança durante o seu atendimento. As cores empregadas têm objetivo lúdico e de adequação psicodinâmica ao contexto de uso da maca, para favorecer o comportamento colaborativo da criança durante o atendimento, além de contribuir para o desempenho do profissional. Para que o profissional possa trabalhar de forma segura e confortável, a maca apresenta ajuste de altura acionado por pedal, além de recursos de redução e ampliação da maca, para possibilitar e facilitar a aproximação do paciente e a satisfatória visualização da cavidade bucal da criança.Children in the age group from 0-5 years are still poorly assisted in what concerns suitable accommodation resources for pediatric dental care. The products available to this audience in the Brazilian market are little functional to the age group of 0-36 months. These products fail to meet minimum requirements for ergonomic adjustment in what concerns the professional performance or the childs welfare and safety. This research presents research and development of a stretcher for pediatric dental care, under the viewpoint of healthcare design. This kind of design is based upon ergonomics concepts, usability and emotion design. The aim is to present an equipment suitable to the psychophysics features of the target audience. The present research was developed considering both the professional and the patient approach. Psychophysics impact of interface versus user on both audiences were observed. It also propounds the prerogatives to establish the project requirements for the stretcher design, observing the identified needs in order to identify the functions this new stretcher should perform. The result exhibits a morphological structure similar to the adult targeted stretcher but its dimensioning is suitable and adequate to the age group of 0-5 years old. The final proposal was incremented with accessories whose functions are to adjust childs position in the stretcher, and to offer the necessary rests for neck and legs comfortable accommodation and, finally, to provide a comfortable contention of abrupt movements of the trunk, legs and head, in order to ensure the childs safety during its attendance. Colors were employed with a ludic and psychodynamics purpose, considering its application context and to favor a collaborative behavior of the child. In order to provide a safe and comfortable performance of the professional, the stretcher offers a pedal operated height adjustment and resources for its diminution and expansion therefore making it easier to approach the patient and to have a better sight on the childs buccal cavity.
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Espinoza, Sofia Elizabeth. "Data mining methods applied to healthcare problems." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/44903.
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Growing adoption of health information technologies is allowing healthcare providers to capture and store enormous amounts of patient data. In order to effectively use this data to improve healthcare outcomes and processes, clinicians need to identify the relevant measures and apply the correct analysis methods for the type of data at hand. In this dissertation, we present various data mining and statistical methods that could be applied to the type of datasets that are found in healthcare research. We discuss the process of identification of appropriate measures and statistical tools, the analysis and validation of mathematical models, and the interpretation of results to improve healthcare quality and safety.
We illustrate the application of statistics and data mining techniques on three real-world healthcare datasets. In the first chapter, we develop a new method to assess hydration status using breath samples. Through analysis of the more than 300 volatile organic compounds contained in human breath, we aim to identify markers of hydration. In the second chapter, we evaluate the impact of the implementation of an electronic medical record system on the rate of inpatient medication errors and adverse drug events. The objective is to understand the impact on patient safety of different information technologies in a specific environment (inpatient pediatrics) and to provide recommendations on how to correctly analyze count data with a large amount of zeros. In the last chapter, we develop a mathematical model to predict the probability of developing post-operative nausea and vomiting based on patient demographics and clinical history, and to identify the group of patients at high-risk.
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Tubertini, Paolo <1986>. "Operational research applied to regional healthcare system." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6541/.
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In this thesis we focus on optimization and simulation techniques applied to solve strategic, tactical and operational problems rising in the healthcare sector. At first we present three applications to Emilia-Romagna Public Health System (SSR) developed in collaboration with Agenzia Sanitaria e Sociale dell'Emilia-Romagna (ASSR), a regional center for innovation and improvement in health. Agenzia launched a strategic campaign aimed at introducing Operations Research techniques as decision making tools to support technological and organizational innovations. The three applications focus on forecast and fund allocation of medical specialty positions, breast screening program extension and operating theater planning. The case studies exploit the potential of combinatorial optimization, discrete event simulation and system dynamics techniques to solve resource constrained problem arising within Emilia-Romagna territory. We then present an application in collaboration with Dipartimento di Epidemiologia del Lazio that focuses on population demand of service allocation to regional emergency departments. Finally, a simulation-optimization approach, developed in collaboration with INESC TECH center of Porto, to evaluate matching policies for the kidney exchange problem is discussed.
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Newman, R. "Exploring psychological understandings of compassion in healthcare organisations." Thesis, Canterbury Christ Church University, 2018. http://create.canterbury.ac.uk/17683/.
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Introduction: This study aimed to empirically test the application of psychological theory to the issue of compassion in healthcare organisations. The study hypothesised that (1) threat-related emotion among healthcare staff would be predicted by organisational climate and (2) a mediated relationship between organisational climate and compassion-related outcome, through threat-related emotion would be found. Method: Staff from a range of UK healthcare organisations and professional roles were sampled using an online cross-sectional survey (n=154). Data were analysed using multiple regression and mediation analysis. Results: As hypothesised, a perceived climate of high pressure for productivity, low line-manager support for emotions, and low compassion from colleagues and managers was significantly predictive of reduced compassion satisfaction. This relationship was mediated by low 'social safeness' (feelings of 'positive calm', connectedness, trust and acceptance between colleagues). Other hypothesised mediators (work-related anxiety and shame) were not statistically significant, although were significantly predicted by organisational climate. Discussion: Results were supportive of the application of compassionate mind theory to the context of healthcare organisations. Implications and methodological limitations are discussed.
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Postl, Peter. "Applied mechanism design." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.405859.
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Bogestedt, Victor, Viktor Johansson, and Kristian Xanthos. "HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS APPLIED TO HEALTHCARE SYSTEM IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-52709.
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Ill-health has been identified as the cause and consequence of poverty in Uganda. In April, 2009 the ICT4MPOWER project was launched in order to improve health care delivery in the rural communities of Uganda using Information and Communication Technology. One of the aspects considered, was the development of a human resource management system. Studying quality literature, interviewing possible stakeholders and investigating the current healthcare management information system led to the finding of both tactical and strategic functions for the development of human resources. Mock up interfaces was designed to support the needs of the organization. Flowcharts, use cases, and instruction films were made to clarify and to see the process from different end user. We have identified a need for a more strategic approach towards human resource management, but it must begin with establishing the hard foundation.
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Hung, Yah-Ling. "Healthcare media design for low-literate users." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/8364/.
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Low health literacy has been associated with poor outcomes in health care. Recent research suggests that good healthcare media can help to reduce the literacy barrier and enhance health outcomes. However, the majority of healthcare media are constructed for well-educated users rather than those with low literacy skills. This begs the question of whether or not various healthcare media have the same effect on low-literate users. Immigrant populations are vulnerable to serious health disparities, and language barriers and these may further exacerbate their limited health literacy in accessing health care information. Yet, ways to help low-literate parents to look after their children by applying healthcare media are still at an early stage of development. The aim of this study is to establish useful design strategies for Graphic and Information designers when planning and designing healthcare media for low-literate users. This research was implemented through four experiments, including a focus group interview and questionnaire survey, a pre-post knowledge test, a usability evaluation, and semi-structured interviews. The findings revealed the problems immigrant parents usually encounter in caring for their children’s health. The results demonstrated that the influence of interventions by leaflets and websites on low-literate users is not significantly different. The findings also showed the criteria used by low-literate users to evaluate healthcare media and the visual factors of healthcare media that affect their satisfaction. An assessment checklist related to the design of health educational materials for low-literate users was also listed. This is an interdisciplinary research that integrates Design, Communication and Public Health. It provides a holistic framework for improving health intervention using various methodologies, including development, experiment, observation, comparison, and analysis.
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Mayer-Jochimsen, Morgan. "Clustering Methods and Their Applications to Adolescent Healthcare Data." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/297.
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Clustering is a mathematical method of data analysis which identifies trends in data by efficiently separating data into a specified number of clusters so is incredibly useful and widely applicable for questions of interrelatedness of data. Two methods of clustering are considered here. K-means clustering defines clusters in relation to the centroid, or center, of a cluster. Spectral clustering establishes connections between all of the data points to be clustered, then eliminates those connections that link dissimilar points. This is represented as an eigenvector problem where the solution is given by the eigenvectors of the Normalized Graph Laplacian. Spectral clustering establishes groups so that the similarity between points of the same cluster is stronger than similarity between different clusters. K-means and spectral clustering are used to analyze adolescent data from the 2009 California Health Interview Survey. Differences were observed between the results of the clustering methods on 3294 individuals and 22 health-related attributes. K-means clustered the adolescents by exercise, poverty, and variables related to psychological health while spectral clustering groups were informed by smoking, alcohol use, low exercise, psychological distress, low parental involvement, and poverty. We posit some guesses as to this difference, observe characteristics of the clustering methods, and comment on the viability of spectral clustering on healthcare data.
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Leicester, Howard James. "Improving data quality in English healthcare : from case studies to an applied framework." Thesis, City University London, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.407556.
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Shedden, F. "Supporting staff in healthcare professions to reflect on the emotional aspects of their work." Thesis, Canterbury Christ Church University, 2018. http://create.canterbury.ac.uk/17676/.
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Background. There is a continued interest around the use of Schwartz Center Rounds© (Rounds) to address the emotional impact of caring for clients. Studies indicate positive outcomes for staff and clients, yet there is a paucity of research exploring how these outcomes occur. This study aimed to understand whether attending Rounds had an impact on how staff perceived themselves and their work. Primarily, it sought to understand what psychological processes may facilitate such an effect and at what point these might occur. Method. Eleven staff members were interviewed about their experience of attending a Round. Grounded theory methodology was used to analyse the interview data. Results. Five key psychological processes of occupying a different space, reciprocity, containment, connection and gaining perspective were identified as facilitating an effect on staffs’ perception of self and work. Processes were fostered during Rounds and seemed to continue afterwards. Discussion. This study is the first to explore psychological processes and build a theoretical model of how Rounds work. Findings can be used to inform the continued implementation of Rounds and facilitator training programmes. Directions for future research are suggested.
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Dutro, R., W. Andrew Clark, N. Nehring, and Andrew Czuchry. "Collaboration in Luminaire Design for the Healthcare Environments." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2008. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2521.
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Allsop, Matthew John. "Involving children in the design of healthcare technology." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2010. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/1000/.
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Although children are potential end users of healthcare technology, very little research has investigated their role in its design. Subsequently, very little guidance and few research methods are available for designers of healthcare technology to use in practice. Given that research involving funding from public sector sources in the United Kingdom calls for the compulsory addition of user involvement, there is a need to explore the most suitable methods to ensure the involvement of child populations in the design of healthcare technology. The first stage of the research explored the use of four interview methods for involving children in healthcare technology design. Personal and environmental factors influencing child involvement were examined, alongside the cost and value of child participation. A framework for examining the use of methods for designing with children was also developed and applied. The experience gathered from involving children in the first stage was used to inform the development of an internet application and practice guidelines in the second stage of the research. The internet application was provided as a means of overcoming a range of barriers to child involvement, including disability. The internet application also provided the opportunity to explore the involvement of children in the evaluation of healthcare technology. The experience gathered throughout all of the research was synthesised to produce guidelines for future research in the area. Although interview methods were used to involve children in the design of healthcare technology, future research should focus on examining a wider range of methods. It is recommended that strategies for validating information gathered from children should also be developed. Such future endeavours could be assisted by the insight provided in the guidelines and experiences formed throughout this research.
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Yip, Man Hang. "Healthcare product-service system characterisation : implications for design." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/249205.
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The engineering design process transforms stakeholders’ needs and desires into design specifications. In this process, manufacturers make decisions that impact how much value can be generated from a new product/service. Clear design specification can enhance the value of a product/service. This research study focuses on the engineering design process for systems of products and services - product-service systems (PSSs). An unambiguous PSS classification could help manufacturers to produce clearer design specifications, however there is a lack of clear PSS classifications for engineering design. Existing classifications rely on an out-dated distinction between tangible objects as products, and everything else as a service, a division that inappropriately classifies digital products as services. To develop a coherent PSS classification, it is necessary to understand which characteristics of PSS can clarify its design specification. This research addresses this problem by determining the PSS characteristics that are useful for clarifying the design specification. The research aims to develop a PSS characterisation scheme and explore how the scheme influences design specifications. To achieve these aims, case study and action research methods are employed. This study has developed a PSS characterisation scheme that clarifies design specifications and a method to systematically apply this scheme, the PSS characterisation approach. This approach proves useful for practitioners to clarify design specifications, and has extended the application of the theory of technical systems to instruments supporting the engineering design process. The PSS characterisation scheme comprises four characteristics: customer perceived value level, ‘connectivity number’, type and degree of connectivity and configuration type. The scheme does not use the ‘tangibility’ distinction, but incorporates concepts of value creation and interdependencies within a PSS and between a PSS and its environment. This novel characterisation scheme contributes to the development of a PSS classification scheme for engineering design and also to the literature of PSS classifications.
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Abu, Rub Faisal Asad Farid. "A business process improvement methodology based on process modelling, applied to the healthcare sector." Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.429689.
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Process modelling can be used to provide a comprehensive understanding of business activities and functions and thence a base for detailed process analysis. Business process improvement refers to a family of approaches which aim to help an organisation adjust its processes to fit a dynamic or complex business environment, particularly so as to take advantage of rapid advances in information technologies. However, most business process improvement methodologies do not make significant use of process modelling to guide the evaluation and improvement of business processes. The current research uses process modelling techniques in a systematic and generalisable manner to gain deeper understanding of processes in a particular complex case. By analysis and further probing of the process models, it then seeks to develop a practical methodology for business improvement which will be applicable not only in the case in question but also more broadly. The case explored in detail in this work is the process of Cancer Care and Registration (CCR) in Jordan. This is introduced after a discussion of business processes in general, business processes in healthcare, and methods of business process modelling. There is some comparative treatment of CCR processes in the UK. The main method used for modelling existing processes in the Jordanian CCR case is Role Activity Diagramming (RAD). Models for six major sub-processes were prepared. The models thus produced were validated in discussion with participants. They were then subjected to an extensive analysis, with the objective of discovering whether the processes might be improved. One form of analysis examined the structural properties of the models, to discover for instance how closely coupled different roles were. A second, model-led, form of analysis methodically queried, through interview or questionnaire, each activity or interaction in the models, to see how well it was working, in its particular context, in terms of general criteria such as efficiency or reliability. Thirdly, the notion of non-functional requirements (NFRs), borrowed from software engineering, was used to derive detailed NFRs from high-level business objectives, as a basis for a systematic examination of broad quality levels achieved in existing processes. These complementary analyses, supported by further validation with - I - participants, then provided the base for a remodelling of the processes with the goal of business improvement. The redesign suggestions included indications of where information technology might be introduced or strengthened with beneficial effect. The methods of detailed modelling, systematic analysis, and redesign for business improvement are, while thoroughly applied to the case under investigation, sufficiently abstract to be proposed as a general methodology for the design of business process improvements. The key features of the methodology are that it is grounded in process modelling and brings together functional, non-functional and structural process analyses.
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Hrehovcsik, Micah. "An analysis of design thinking in applied game design." Thesis, Bournemouth University, 2018. http://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/31584/.
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The design of an applied game is complicated by needing to balance its usefulness, game- play experience, and sustainability. In the applied design process, game designers occupy a pivotal position between game design knowledge, development team, co-designers, and players. From this complex web of interaction, the designer is still expected to invent a new game. From a design investigation perspective, there is an opportunity to expand our general knowledge of game design by exploring first-hand the design and development of an applied game. The aim of this practice-led PhD research was to design and develop a pervasive multi- player applied video game as a tool for psychiatric healthcare workers treating patients suffering from depression and psychosis. The applied game Moodbot was co-designed during an intensive iterative process with healthcare experts and patients from Altrecht Mental Healthcare Institute and developers from the HKU University of the Arts. The following exegesis highlights game design knowledge gained from the development of the applied game Moodbot co-created with psychiatric healthcare workers, psychiatric patients, game artists, programmers, audio designers, and game designers. A design decision tool based on epistemic frameworks is used in this dissertation to structure and explore the applied game decision-making that shaped Moodbot and specifically examines a critical design decision moment, which looks at the influences from technology and co-designers on the design and designer.
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Xu, Peizhong. ""Without Thought" Philosophy of Design Applied to Product Design." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1378113030.
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Eagleson, Serryn. "GIS applied to administrative boundary design /." Connect to thesis, 2002. http://eprints.unimelb.edu.au/archive/00001046.
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Lopes, Rodrigo Aranha Pereira. "Computational strategies applied to product design." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Arquitetura, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/17993.
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Dissertação de Mestrado em Design, com a especialização em Design de Produto apresentada na Faculdade de Arquitetura da Universidade de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de Mestre.Em diferentes ocasiões, Richard Sennett e Vilém Flusser descreveram que a prática e a teoria, a técnica e a expressão, a arte e a tecnologia, o criador e o usuário, antes compartilhavam a mesma raíz. Ao longo da história, no entanto, estes conceitos se dividiram com o design posicionado ao centro. Esta proposta de pesquisa visa, em primeiro lugar, contribuir para a diminuição desta herdada separação. Isso, por meio do uso de estratégias computacionais aplicadas ao design. O presente estudo aplicará essa abordagem ao projeto e construção de uma prancha de surfe. Um dos objetivos é desenvolver uma plataforma de codesign que permita aos usuários gerarem suas próprias pranchas de surf, por meio de modelagem algorítmica / paramétrica (Grasshopper e ShapeDiver). Um segundo aspecto considera criticamente os materiais utilizados na indústria do surf, com o objetivo de desenvolver produtos que utilizem materiais menos nocivos ao meio ambiente e com maior capacidade de controle e alteração em relação às capacidades de desempenho. Em particular, esta proposta visa desenvolver um algoritmo para gerar objetos com seus núcleos internos compostos por estruturas de papel. O objeto específico a ser gerado neste caso é uma prancha de surf.
ABSTRACT: As pointed out on different occasions by both Richard Sennett and Villém Flusser, practice and theory, technique and expression, art and technology, maker and user, once shared a common ground. Throughout history, however, they have become divided. Design stands in between. This research proposal firstly aims to contribute to the diminishing of this historical inheritance. This, by means of providing a workflow for designers with the use of computational strategies. The present study will apply this approach to the design and building of a surfboard. The goal is to develop a co-designing platform allowing users to generate their own tailor-made surfboard by means of algorithmic/parametric modeling (Grasshopper and Shapediver). A second aspect critically considers the materials used in the surf industry, with the objective of developing products using materials that are less harmful to the environment and with a greater capacity of control and alteration with regards to performance capabilities. In particular, this proposal aims to develop an algorithm that can be used to generate objects of paper structures composing their inner core. The specific object to be generated in this case, is a surfboard.
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Lundström, Hannah, Tomas Berglund, and Sara Lycke. "An applied model for implementation of innovative IT-solutions for telehealth into the healthcare system." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskaper, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-226009.
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Today, new technologies are introduced to the market every day, and constantly changing our way of living. Especially in the healthcare sector, the change process is approaching a point where doctors can benefit from the use of, for example, connected portable reading devices instead of paper-based medical record systems. The information and communication technology is promoting the evolution of a new pathway of care delivery, a paradigm shift that alters the fundamental relationship between a doctor and its patient. The concept is defined as telehealth and formulates the provision of care at a distance and provides the possibility to treat patients in their home environment instead of at the hospital. This master’s thesis has been performed on the request of Cenvigo AB, a company active in the implementation of new IT-solutions into the healthcare and eldercare. Cenvigo AB are the owners of the Parkinson’s Digital Assessment (PANDA) application. The application has been developed through research at Dalarna University and Uppsala University Hospital. This project will initiate the launch of PANDA and also create a model for implementation of innovative IT-solutions into the healthcare systems. The model is founded in a theoretical framework and shaped with interviews related to the implementation of technology with a focus on telehealth applications. Interviews has been performed with healthcare professionals, technology developers and users to acquire a complete picture and opinions regarding the introduction of innovation in healthcare today. From the acquired information, a model is formulated as a stepwise and chronological linear process were identified key activities are included to promote a successful implementation process. The model is connected to the practice through the implementation of PANDA. In the process of implementing PANDA into the Swedish healthcare system, a collaboration with the innovation centre at Uppsala University Hospital as a healthcare organization stakeholder, has been initiated. The model consists of five phases; Assessment, Dissemination, Adoption, Implementation and Continuation. The phases are seen as transitional steps in the innovation process, critical barriers to overcome towards a successfully implementation in a mainstream routine setting. Each phase includes a number of activities and to achieve progression in each phase, these activities must be performed in order to advance to the next phase. In the case of PANDA, the process of progression has passed assessment and are currently involved in activities related to the dissemination phase. The purpose of the model is to be used both for existing and future applications in the segment of medicine technology sector. The structure of the model is designed to promote a co-design or a common value principle of development and practice regarding an innovation. By connecting actors from both technology and healthcare in close relationships the actual needs of healthcare professionals could more effectively be identified and developed into a solution, a result from the amplification of a two-way engagement. The outmost aim is to serve as a catalysing factor, complementing the implementation models of healthcare in Sweden today. Through this study, a need for facilitating the implementation process of new technology into the healthcare systems has been identified. This model offers the necessary input that many technology companies lack. The recommendation to Cenvigo AB is to continue to develop the model during the last step in the process of launching PANDA, and parallel use this model as a business model mainly for technology start-ups and larger foreign companies that has not yet established pathways into the Swedish healthcare system.TVE 14 036
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Ruiz, Costilla Alfredo I. "Empathic Design Guidelines in Healthcare for Successful Product Development." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1428046933.
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McLellan, Shelagh. "Precision Medicine : The Future of Data-driven Healthcare." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Designhögskolan vid Umeå universitet, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-93460.
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Precision Medicine: the future of data-driven healthcare is an interaction design master’s thesis project aimed at presenting a vision of how genomic and quantified data might be integrated into the Swedish public healthcare system. This thesis focuses on a user-centered design process, examining patient health needs and desires. It also looks at the rise of genomic data and precision medicine. Ethnographic research has been conducted with people in the different Scandinavian countries, hearing their health stories first hand, both in relation to genomic data, quantified self data and overall health. Commonly used service design methods such as customer journey mappings, blueprinting and business model mapping have played a large role in shaping the experience of the concept
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Ravn, Anders. "Distribution channel strategy design : Application and implementation in healthcare." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekonomi och organisation (Inst.), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-98477.
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Healthcare is a very important and intimate service virtually all people use at least at some occasion in a lifetime. It is also highly complex and variable with heterogeneous patients requiring individualised attention in order to be effectively treated. This requires large resources in terms of labour, knowledge, skill, and time which is why in the past, improving productivity has been difficult. Information and communications technology, ICT, has been seen to have potential to improve productivity in e.g. diagnosing, devising treatment plans, communicating with patients and clinical staff, and record-keeping if applied correctly. During mainly the 1990s, the banking sector changed its distribution channel strategy to focus increasingly on Internet banking rather than local branches. If parallels are drawn between the two, such as comparing local branches to clinics, what can a rheumatology department learn? A case study was conducted at Karolinska University Hospital's Department of Rheumatology. Existing communication pathways associated with the clinic-patient communication were identified, theory and knowledge of the banking sector change was compiled and some current efforts of ICT integration in healthcare were briefly reviewed. Finally, the project sought to provide a future vision for communications in rheumatology. Examples of risks and difficulties considered were legal issues, patient safety and the current compensation for the clinics, which today represent a major limitation for strategy formulation. The study identified several key issue areas to consider when implementing ICT in healthcare and the importance of aligning ICT with workflow. Parts of the banks strategic choices are also applicable in healthcare, e.g. using a multi-channel strategy where different customer segments are targeted with different channels. Further, a unified customer management system containing input from patient as well as provider is highly recommended, together with an online portal increasing accessibility for patients. Most importantly, all distribution channels and ICT systems considered for use should be thoroughly integrated with day-to-day workflow.
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Oh, Jooyeol 1973. "Re-strategizing healthcare facility design : the comprehensive outpatient center." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/69435.
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Thesis (M.Arch.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2002.Includes bibliographical references (p. 56-57).
During the past decade, medical facility design has gone through enormous change not only because of new health care management system but exploding technological advances in diagnostic equipments and fast communication system. New imaging equipment is now, better, smaller, less noisy. And digitized image results can be transmitted through the high-speed cable to multiple locations. In addition, robotics is changing the surgery suite organization. On the management side, hospitals are pressured to cut down their cost as much as possible in order to maintain the market share in today's ever changing health care environment. My thesis ,in the first phase, focuses on identifying some of the important factors that are affecting the current hospital organization: "Computerization, telemedicine, digital imaging MRls, CT and PET scanners, ultrasound, and lab and surgical equipment will make existing technology obsolete." (Health facilities Management Feb. 1997, 18-22). These changes have already prompted many reactions in how to reorganize or renovate the existing facility so that hospitals not only can accommodate the current changes but also possible changes in the future; the issue of flexibility, changeability is the key underlying concept. Next phase of my thesis focuses on arriving at organizational strategy recommendations and its models. Some of the important strategy concerns are; rationalization of circulation which brings design that requires less staff(efficiency), emphasis on integration of similar functions that are caused by the new technology, issue of providing the maximum flexibility and changeability to the new organization, new relationship between the departments, offices, labs etc. Information Technology with digitized information such as imaging results, patients' access to their comprehensive medical files in their room or any place in the hospital, and other aspects of telemedicine is an important changing force in the future of hospital organization that will be examined. With all the research, my thesis will recommend the organizational strategy and exemplary design of comprehensive outpatient care facility.
by Jooyeol Oh.
M.Arch.
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CARVALHO, DARLINTON BARBOSA FERES. "COMBINING A PROCESS AND TOOLS TO SUPPORT THE ANALYSIS OF ONLINE COMMUNITIES APPLIED TO HEALTHCARE." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2013. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=23634@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
Esta pesquisa de tese teve como objetivo explorar a análise de mídias sociais, especialmente as disponíveis em comunidades online de sites de redes sociais, a fim de realizar estudos sociais sobre questões de saúde. Com base em uma abordagem prática foi definido um processo para realizar esses estudos. Este processo contou com ferramentas computacionais adaptados para fornecer apoio em tarefas específicas, tais como recuperação de conteúdo, seleção e análise. Duas ferramentas que se destacam são apresentadas por causa de sua utilidade e a complexidade do processo em que a sua construção se baseou. Para o benefício da análise de comunidades online, o Mapa de Associação de Comunidades é um processo desenvolvido para apoiar especialistas em compreender os interesses dos usuários com base em suas associações dentro de suas comunidades. A outra ferramenta visa auxiliar analistas a selecionar discussões de fóruns online a serem analisados manualmente com técnicas de pesquisa qualitativa, por exemplo, análise de conteúdo e do discurso. Esta ferramenta, TorchSR, foi criada baseada em aprendizado de máquina não supervisionado, usando agrupamento hierárquico, para dar suporte na resolução do problema de seleção de conteúdo. Um estudo de caso exploratório mostra que esta ferramenta ajuda na resolução do problema. O processo proposto foi utilizado em dois estudos sobre questões relevantes de saúde (hepatite C e o abuso de drogas), que resultou em descobertas relevantes sobre saúde pública. Em conclusão, este trabalho apresenta a aplicação prática de ciência social computacional no campo da saúde, através do desenvolvimento de um processo e ferramentas utilizadas para apoiar os analistas e melhorar a sua aplicação.
This research thesis is aiming to exploit valuable social media, especially those available in online communities of social network sites, in order to perform social studies about healthcare issues. Based on a practical approach, a process was defined to conduct such studies. This process relied on tailored computational tools to provide support for specific tasks such as contente retrieval, selection, and analysis. Two tools that stand out are presented because of their utility and the complexity of the process in which their development was based on. The first tool, for the benefit of online community analysis, is the Community Association Map, a process developed to support experts in understanding users’ interests based on their associations within their communities. Our second tool (TorchSR) aims to aid analysts in the selection of discussions from online forums to be manually analyzed by (qualitative) research techniques (e.g. content and discourse analysis). This task, which was defined as solving the content selection problem, was tackled with a tool based on unsupervised machine learning techniques, such as hierarchical clustering. An exploratory study case shows that TorchSR helps analysts in dealing with the problem. The proposed process was employed in two studies about relevant healthcare issues (i.e. hepatitis C and drug abuse) which resulted in interesting findings in the field of public health. In conclusion, this thesis presents a practical application of computational social science to the field of health, through development of a process and tools used to support analysts and improve its application.
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Friel, Grant. "Software design prototyping through transformations applied to informal design representations." Thesis, Keele University, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.358050.
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Smith, Maureen Elizabeth. "Design that Heals." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/83876.
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It is the architect's responsibility to protect the public's health, safety, and welfare. Ironically, healthcare facilities, whose programs focus on those elements, often seem to fall short of those basic design standards. The evolution of healthcare practices has brought us to a stage of design that focuses on the machine rather than the patient. This shift has created stripped, unwelcoming, and unnatural healthcare environments that have proven to negatively impact the health and well-being of facilities' patients.
Dialysis treatment facilities, whose medical procedures rely so heavily on machines, are an even more extreme condition of this imbalance. In an effort to raise awareness of this problem and reinvigorate architectural design that actually promotes healthy environments, I chose to explore the idea of "design that heals". Through the conscientious integration of nature, light, and color, this project redefines the priorities of a healthcare facility and takes a holistic and sustainable approach to design that better cares for the patients and enlivens the community.
The proposed program pairs a dialysis clinic with a community nutrition center which helps address the causes of kidney disease at the source. Located in an underserved Anacostia neighborhood, the people-focused building provides nutrition education, food production and healthcare services. Taking inspiration from the filtration process of dialysis, the building aims to celebrate and expose its own water circulation systems, mirroring the beautiful, yet chaotic, systems within the human body.Master of Architecture
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Walrath, Bryan James. "A Project Planning Guide for Healthcare Facility Owners." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/14557.
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According to a recent study, about 30 percent of U.S. real estate projects are canceled midstream, while more than half run up to 190 percent over budget and 220 percent over the initial time estimate. The reasons for this are
manifold but poor decisions during the initiation and early planning of the project can be pointed to as main causes. Most poor decisions stem from lack of information, bad judgment, and lack of communication and transparency between what the client expects and what the project team can deliver. Proper
project planning procedures and methods will lead to proper contingency planning, management of partner relationships and contracts, management of dynamic change and associated risks that can, and most probably will, occur in
the course of the project.
The role of the owner cannot be overstated in all of these targets. Historically, the owners of healthcare facilities have a once in a lifetime involvement in the planning, design and construction (or major renovation) of
their facility. The interaction with planners, public bodies, architects, engineers, and other entities is a daunting prospect for which an owner will seek help from specialized firms that represent the owner.
This guide may serve as a healthcare project planning guide for owners, and in particular CEOs, to navigate the process. It will prepare the owner to recognize the major tasks and decision steps throughout project planning,
while keeping the focus on the desired outcome. Any owner should recognize that the slogan: if you dont know what you want, you will not get what you need is as true today as it ever was. This guide will include research, best practices from industry experts, and a case study on the New Orleans public healthcare planning process post-Hurricane Katrina.
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Durrant, Jacob Devin. "Computational drug design applied to neglected disease." Diss., [La Jolla] : University of California, San Diego, 2010. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3404614.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2010.Title from first page of PDF file (viewed June 7, 2010). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 213-239).
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ARAUJO, EDUARDO PUCU DE. "A STUDY ABOUT ETHNOGRAPHY APPLIED TO DESIGN." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2012. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=20854@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROEste trabalho adentra o universo da etnografia, mapeando suas implicações no modo de pesquisar do Design. Imergindo nas técnicas de pesquisa etnográfica, desde a sua preparação, imersão, registro e documentação, são extraídos os requisitos fundamentais que podem ser aplicados no universo da pesquisa em Design. O trabalho expõe as necessidades técnicas para que a etapa de imersão do Design Thinking possa atingir sua amplitude. Através de um exemplo, ilustra-se a adaptação sofrida pela etnografia quando um projeto de Design de serviços utiliza as técnicas adaptando para as restrições de briefing, tempo e escopo de trabalho. Conclui-se o trabalho com uma avaliação das etapas do processo de etnografia aplicados em projetos de Design.
This work dives into the Ethnographic universe, mapping the implications on the way Design do research. Imerging on the Ethnografic research techniques, since preparation, immersion, record and documentation, is it possible to extract the fundamental requisites that can be applied into the Design Research. The work exposes the technical needs that the immersion step from Design Thinking needs to achieve its full potential. The adaptations that ethnographic research suffers is illustrated through a example on service design that uses ethnographic techniques, with the briefing, time and workflow requirements. The work concludes with a evaluation of ethnographic process when it is used on Design field.
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Ekrt, Ondřej. "Trademark and Design Protection of Applied Art." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-352497.
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The aim of the thesis is to analyse suitability of trademarks and designs for protection of products’ appearance, name its advantages and disadvantages and identify and discuss conditions that must be fulfilled for an appearance of a product to be protected by each of the two mentioned types of protection. The thesis further aims to ascertain whether it is, in general, more difficult to obtain a trademark or a design protection of products bearing in mind difficulties that may arise during the registration process. The thesis focuses mainly on the European Union trademarks and Community designs. Further, the scope of protection conferred by both instruments is analysed and evaluated and it should be determined which type of protection confers a wider protection on its owner. The thesis also aims to respond a question “which of the analysed intellectual property law instruments is more suitable and favourable for protecting an appearance of products.” Therefore, based on this thesis, users of trademarks and designs should be able to decide which of these two types of protection they should use in order to protect their products or products of their clients.
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Zhang, Qi. "Applied game theory and optimal mechanism design." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2014. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/370438/.
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This thesis applies game theory to study optimal toehold bidding strategies during takeover competition, the problem of optimal design of voting rules and the design of package bidding mechanism to implement the core allocations. It documents three different research questions that are all related to auction theory. Chapter 2 develops a two-stage takeover game to explain toehold puzzle in the context of takeover. Potential bidders are allowed to acquire target shares in the open market, subject to some limitations. This pre-bid ownership is known as a toehold. Purchasing a toehold prior to making any takeover offer looks like a profitable strategy given substantial takeover premiums. However actual toehold bidding has decreased since 1980s and now is not common. Its time-series patter is centred on either zero or a large value. Chapter 2 develops a two-stage takeover game. In the first stage of this two-stage game, each bidder simultaneously acquires a toehold. In the second stage, bidders observe acquired toehold sizes, and process this information to update their beliefs about rival's private valuation. Then each bidder competes to win the target under a sealed-bid second-price auction. Different from previous toehold puzzle literature focusing on toehold bidding costs in the form of target managerial entrenchment, this chapter develops a two-stage takeover game and points another possible toehold bidding cost - the opportunity loss of a profitable resale. Chapter 2 finds that, under some conditions, there exists a partial pooling Bayesian equilibrium, in which low-value bidders optimally avoid any toehold, while high-value bidders pool their decisions at one size. The equilibrium toehold acquisition strategies coincide with the bimodal distribution of the actual toehold purchasing behaviour. Chapter 3 studies the problem of optimal design of voting rules when each agent faces binary choice. The designer is allowed to use any type of non-transferable penalty on individuals in order to elicit agents' private valuations. And each agent's private valuation is assumed to be independently distributed. Early work showed that the simple majority rule has good normative properties in the situation of binary choice. However, their results relay on the assumption that agents' preferences have equal intensities. Chapter 3 shows that, under reasonable assumptions, the simple majority is the best voting mechanism in terms of utilitarian efficiency, even if voters' preferences are comparable and may have varying intensities. At equilibrium, the mechanism optimally assigns zero penalty to every voter. In other words, the designer does not extract private information from any agent in the society, because the expected penalty cost of eliciting private information to select the better alternative is too high. Chapter 4 presents a package bidding mechanism whose subgame perfect equilibrium outcomes coincide with the core of an underlying strictly convex transferable utility game. It adopts the concept of core as a competitive standard, which enables the mechanism to avoid the well-known weaknesses of VCG mechanism. In this mechanism, only core allocations generate subgame perfect equilibrium payoffs, because non-core allocations provide arbitrage opportunities for some players. By the strict convexity assumption, the implementation of the core is achieved in terms of expectation.
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Nilsson, Lina. "Social Challenges when Implementing Information Systems in a Swedish Healthcare Organization." Doctoral thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för hälsa, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-00602.
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When the Swedish National IT Strategy for Health and Social Care was introduced in 2006, intensive work started in implementing Information Systems (IS) in Swedish healthcare organizations. To follow up on the requests for more research with a combined socio-technical focus on challenges, the overall aim of this thesis was to identify social challenges when implementing IS in a Swedish healthcare organization. Furthermore, the aim was to understand the impact of identified social challenges when implementing IS in this context by putting them in an interdisciplinary Applied Health Technology theoretical framework. Institutional ethnography and phenomenological hermeneutics influenced the study design. Study 1 aimed to investigate different meanings of accessibility when implementing Health Information Technology in everyday work practice. The results indicate that accessibility depends on working routines, social structures and patient relationship. When an IT strategy and interaction in everyday work use the same word in different ways there will be consequences. Study 2 sets out to describe experience-based reflections on discharge planning as narrated by nursing staff in primary healthcare, along with their concerns about how the introduction of video conferencing might influence the discharge planning situation. It was found that there is a need for improvement in communication and understanding between nursing staff at the hospital and in primary healthcare. The aim of study 3 was to explore social challenges when implementing IS in everyday work in a nursing context. Power (changing the existing hierarchy, alienation), Professional identity (calling on hold, expert becomes novice, changed routines), and Encounter (ignorant introductions, preconceived notions) were categories presented in the findings. The aim of study 4 was to explore and obtain a deeper understanding of how identified social challenges have an influence on the implementation process of IS, based on healthcare staff’s experiences on micro, meso and macro levels of Swedish Healthcare organizations. It was found that the challenges were related to the steps of putting into practice, making IS a part of everyday work routine and establishing an identity in the implementation process. In the thesis’s discussion, social challenges when implementing IS in Swedish healthcare organizations and how they might be met and dealt with constructively are further reflected upon in relation to the interdisciplinary theoretical framework and as possible consequences of the modernity-era. This thesis contributes to the starting up of a discussion of how ingrained professional characteristics are important to feel secure of being part of an established profession. If the characteristics are questioned, the whole professional performance is threatened. One consequence of this insight is the reinforcement of the realization that a basic understanding of IS and IS implementation processes in healthcare organizations needs to be integrated in to the construction of professional identity of nurses already from the start in nursing education.
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Skoog, Marcus, and Adam Backman. "Replacing waste streams in the healthcare industry by applied technology : Developing technology for a circular economy." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för maskinteknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-19719.
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Background Waste has been around since humans started to create products. Today, it is a growing problem in the world; humans keep producing waste at a faster pace than we can handle. The world is becoming more conscious of our actions, and new solutions to manage and utilize the waste are desired. Medical waste lacks a global definition, which results in a lack of standardization for medical waste management. The rapid development of medical science and technology has led to increased use of medical consumables. Single-use gloves are the most commonly used consumable within healthcare. They are not recycled due to fear of contamination, which results in a big load on the environment by not preserving the value of the material. Objectives The objectives with the research have been to understand the waste industry and identify where waste streams have the opportunity to be replaced with circular systems through new technology. From the findings, design and propose a new technology that fits into a circular economy. Method Design Research Methodology and MSPI Innovation process worked as frameworks for the design process for the researchers during the thesis work. Inspiration from company visits, interviews, job shadowing, and literature research initiated the project and was used to clarify the problem. Prototypes, testing, and literature research were used to validate the design progress and followed up by lab experiments and mechanical design of a fully circular system. Results Through tests and experiments, a circular system for single-use protection gloves was designed. The proposed technology would eliminate the need for raw material extraction, manufacturing, and transportation. The system is based on making protection gloves from Polyvinyl Alcohol. Due to the unique properties of the material, it is possible to dissolve the gloves in water, sterilize them and remanufacture them into new gloves. The gloves proved to have similar mechanical properties to the current options on the market. The system includes many elements from the manufacturing process of nitrile rubber and latex gloves, but the introduction of cleaning and sterilization steps will question the main reason consumable protection gloves are used in the first place, to ensure sterility. Conclusion Optimizing, automating, and implementing this system will make the healthcare industry more environmentally friendly. Introducing a system to remanufacture and sterilize single-use gloves is a statement to prove the possibility to replace linear life cycles with circular ones, by questioning the reasons behind unsustainable behavior and solving those problems. Contaminated waste is incinerated today. Some argue that energy recovery classifies as recycling, but this system will focus on preserving the value of the material by reusing it in multiple cycles. Similar work will be necessary to keep up with the increased production of waste. Circular systems may enable humans to fulfill their needs with a significantly decreased environmental load. Before implementing this solution in the healthcare industry, more research must be carried out. However, the innovation of an in-house system and a more direct approach to manufacture – recycle – reuse, has presented to create new value of waste and further technological development to enhance the waste management and recycling industry.Bakgrund Avfall har funnits sedan människor började tillverka produkter. Idag är det ett växande problem i världen, människor fortsätter att producera avfall i en snabbare takt än vad vi kan hantera. Världen blir mer medveten om åtgärderna men nya innovationer för att hantera och utnyttja avfallet behövs. Medicinskt avfall saknar en global definition som resulterar i brist på standardisering för hantering av medicinskt avfall. En snabb utveckling av medicinsk vetenskap och teknik har lett till en ökad användning av medicinska engångsartiklar. Engångshandskar är de vanligaste förbrukningsvarorna inom sjukvården och återvinns inte på grund av rädsla för förorening, vilket resulterar i en stor belastning på miljön eftersom materialets värde inte tas vara på. Syfte Målet med forskningen har varit att förstå avfallsindustrin och identifiera var avfallsströmmar kan ersättas med cirkulära system genom ny teknik. Utifrån resultaten, utforma och föreslå ny teknik som passar in i en cirkulär ekonomi. Metod Designforskningsmetodik (Design Research Methodology) och MSPI:s Innovationsprocess användes som ramar för designprocessen för forskarna under avhandlingsarbetet. Inspiration från företagsbesök, shadowing, intervjuer och litteraturforskning initierade projektet och användes för att klargöra problemet. Prototyper, tester och litteraturforskning användes för att validera designframstegen. Följt av laborationer och mekanisk design av ett komplett cirkulärt system. Resultat Genom tester och experiment designades ett cirkulärt system för skyddshandskar avsedda för engångsbruk. Den föreslagna tekniken skulle eliminera behovet av råmaterialutvinning, tillverkning och transport. Systemet är baserat på tillverkning av skyddshandskar från polyvinylalkohol. På grund av materialets unika egenskaper är det möjligt att lösa upp handskarna i vatten, sterilisera dem och åter tillverka dem till nya handskar. Handskarna visade sig ha jämförbara mekaniska egenskaper som de nuvarande alternativen på marknaden. Systemet innehåller många element från tillverkningsprocessen av nitrilgummi- och latexhandskar, men införandet av rengörings- och steriliseringssteg kommer att ifrågasätta den främsta orsaken till att förbrukningsskyddshandskar används i första hand - för att säkerställa sterilitet. Slutsats Optimering, automatisering och implementering av detta system kommer att göra sjukvårdsindustrin mer oberoende och mer miljövänlig. Att införa ett system för att återvinna och sterilisera skyddshandskar för engångsbruk, bevisar möjligheten att ersätta linjära livscykler med cirkulära, genom att ifrågasätta orsakerna bakom ohållbart beteende och lösa dessa problem. Förorenat avfall förbränns idag, somliga hävdar att energiåtervinning kan klassificeras som återvinning, men energiåtervinning saknar egenskapen att bevara materialets värde. Detta system har materialvärdet i fokus genom att återanvända det i flera cykler. Liknande arbete kommer att krävas för att hålla jämna steg med den ökade avfallsproduktionen. Cirkulära system kan göra det möjligt för människor att uppfylla sina behov med en avsevärt minskad miljöbelastning. Lösningen behöver ytterligare forskning och måste förbättras före implementering. Men innovationen i ett internt system och ett mer direkt tillvägagångssätt för tillverkning - återvinning - återanvändning har presenterats för att skapa nytt värde för avfall och ny teknisk utveckling för att förbättra avfallshanteringen och återvinningsindustri.
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Rashwand, Saeed. "Efficient Wireless Communication in Healthcare Systems; Design and Performance Evaluation." IEEE, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/9227.
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Increasing number of ageing population and people who need continuous health monitoring and rising the costs of health care have triggered the concept of the novel wireless technology-driven human body monitoring. Human body monitoring can be performed using a network of small and intelligent wireless medical sensors which may be attached to the body surface or implanted into the tissues. It enables carers to predict, diagnose, and react to adverse events earlier than ever. The concept of Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) was introduced to fully exploit the benefits of wireless technologies in telemedicine and m-health.
The main focus of this research is the design and performance evaluation of strategies and architectures that would allow seamless and efficient interconnection of patient’s body area network and the stationary (e.g., hospital room or ward) wireless networks. I first introduce the architecture of a healthcare system which bridges WBANs and Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs). I adopt IEEE 802.15.6 standard for the patient’s body network because it is specifically designed for WBANs. Since IEEE 802.15.6 has strict Quality of Service (QoS) and priorities to transfer the medical data to the medical server a QoS-enabled WLAN for the next hop is needed to preserve the end-to-end QoS. IEEE 802.11e standard is selected for the WLAN in the hospital room or ward because it provides prioritization for the stations in the network. I investigate in detail the requirements posed by different healthcare parameters and to analyze the performance of various alternative interconnection strategies, using the rigorous mathematical apparatus of Queuing Theory and Probabilistic Analysis; these results are independently validated through discrete event simulation models.
This thesis has three main parts; performance evaluation and MAC parameters settings of IEEE 802.11e Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA), performance evaluation and tuning the MAC parameters of IEEE 802.15.6, and designing a seamless and efficient interconnection strategy which bridges IEEE 802.11e EDCA and IEEE 802.15.6 standards for a healthcare system.
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Wanigarathna, Nadeeshani. "Evidence-based design for healthcare buildings in England and Wales." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2014. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/16161.
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A substantial amount of credible evidence shows that properly designed healthcare built environments can positively impact upon the health outcomes of the building users. This offers an opportunity to improve the quality of healthcare through appropriately designed healthcare built environments. Evidence-based design (EBD) emerged within healthcare building design practice to enhance the process of designing with credible evidence. This research explored improvement opportunities for EBD in the UK which would subsequently improve the quality of healthcare through built environment interventions. Specifically, three key research gaps were addressed during this research. Firstly, this research explored current practices of evidence use during healthcare designing and opportunities to increase the direct use of research-based evidence and alternative ways of conveying research-based evidence into the design process through other source of generic evidence for design. Secondly, this research explored how evidence could be effectively expressed within healthcare design standards, guidance and tools (SGaTs) in the forms of performance and prescriptive specifications. Finally, considering the unique nature of built environment design, this research explored how project unique contextual circumstances impact EBD processes and how practitioners reflect on these circumstances. These challenges were then transformed into six objectives. Following a comprehensive literature review, this research was divided into four phases. First, a model of the sources and flows of evidence (SaFE) was developed to represent evidence for EBD within generic evidence for design. The initial conceptual model was developed through desk study, based on the literature review, self-experience and the experience. This model was then verified with the comments from five un-structured interviews conducted with lecturers and senior lecturers of the School of Civil and Building Engineering. Finally, the model was validated using 12 semi-structured interviews conducted with design practitioners from the industry. In addition to the validating the sources and flows of evidence these interviews revealed rationales behind design practitioners use of evidence from four types of evidence sources. These results revealed improvement opportunities to increase the intake of research-based evidence use during healthcare built environments designing. The main data collection method for this research was case studies. Eight exemplar design elements within three case studies were investigated to explore details of evidence use practices; practices of using performance and prescriptive specifications; and impact of project unique contextual circumstances for EBD process and how design practitioners reflect on these circumstances. Results of this research revealed that EBD needs to be supported by both externally published research evidence and through internally generated evidence. It was also identified that EBD could be significantly facilitated through research- evidence informed other generic design evidence sources. Healthcare design SGaTs provides a promising prospect to facilitate EBD. Performance specification driven healthcare design SGaTs supplemented by prescriptive specifications to define design outputs and design inputs could improve effective use of evidence-informed SGaTs. These results were incorporated into a framework to guide development of healthcare design SGaTs. Finally, by exploring how projects unique contextual circumstances impact EBD processes and how practitioners reflect on these circumstances, this research identified the need for procedural guidance for designers to guide evidence acquisition, evidence application and new evidence generation.
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Richardson, Sandra. "HEALTHCARE INFORMATION SYSTEMS:DESIGN THEORY, PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATION." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2006. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3182.
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Healthcare information systems (HISs), as a class of systems, are not currently addressed in the MIS literature. This is in spite of a sharp increase in use over the past few years, and the uniquely qualified role that MIS has in the development of, impact and general understanding of HISs. In this project the design science paradigm frames the development of a set of design principles derived from the synthesis of the design literature, ethics literature, and professional guidelines, from both the medical and computing professions. The resulting principles are offered to address the design of healthcare information systems. Action research, a widely accepted methodology for testing design principles derived from the design science paradigm, is employed to test the HIS principles and to implement change in a healthcare organization through the use of an HIS. The action research project was a collaborative effort between a Central Florida hospice and the researcher, the result of which was an advanced directives decision support system. The system was design to meet a number of organizational goals that ranged from tracking compliance with federal regulations to increasing the autonomy of the patients that used the system. The result is a set of tested design principles and lessons learned from both anticipated and unanticipated consequences of the action research project.Ph.D.
Department of Management Information Systems
Business Administration
Business Administration: Ph.D.
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Chung, Kristie (Kristie J. ). "Applying systems thinking to healthcare data cybersecurity." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/105307.
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Thesis: S.M. in Engineering and Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, 2015.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 85-90).
Since the HITECH Act of 2009, adoption of Electronic Health Record (EHR) systems in US healthcare organizations has increased significantly. Along with the rapid increase in usage of EHR, cybercrimes are on the rise as well. Two recent cybercrime cases from early 2015, the Anthem and Premera breaches, are examples of the alarming increase of cybercrimes in this domain. Although modem Information Technology (IT) systems have evolved to become very complex and dynamic, cybersecurity strategies have remained static. Cyber attackers are now adopting more adaptive, sophisticated tactics, yet the cybersecurity counter tactics have proven to be inadequate and ineffective. The objective of this thesis is to analyze the recent Anthem security breach to assess the vulnerabilities of Anthem's data systems using current cybersecurity frameworks and guidelines and the Systems-Theoretic Accident Model and Process (STAMP) method. The STAMP analysis revealed Anthem's cybersecurity strategy needs to be reassessed and redesigned from a systems perspective using a holistic approach. Unless our society and government understand cybersecurity from a sociotechnical perspective, we will never be equipped to protect valuable information and will always lose this battle.
by Kristie Chung.
S.M. in Engineering and Management
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Jimmy, Offesson. "Design i fysisk gestaltning - Design in embodied communication." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Lärarutbildningen (LUT), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-29948.
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Studien undersöker hur fysisk gestaltning i pedagogiskt drama formas under ett lärotillfälle i skolmiljö. Studien använder sig av ett socialsemiotiskt synsätt och en multimodal ansats för att undersöka eleven som utövare av fysisk gestaltning. Fysisk gestaltning betraktas som ett medium och sammanhanget analyseras utifrån ett designteoretiskt perspektiv på lärande. Två grupper elever i 10 års-åldern har filmats och observerats. Resultaten visar att påverkan från regler i skolan, instruktioner och pedagogen beskriver elevernas formella design. Influenser från elevernas värderingar av fysiska egenskaper, teman från deras vardag, från styrande elever och från det sociala samspelet beskriver elevernas informella design. Design i fysisk gestaltning uppstår i kroppsliga uttryck, i tempo, i rum och i material. Formell design, informell design och mediet fysisk gestaltning samspelar i förklaringen av hur elever ordnar sin design i fysisk gestaltning och hur semiotiska resurser används och förändras i fysisk gestaltning.This is an examination of how embodied communication transforms during a session of drama education set in a school environment. Social semiotics and multimodality are used in order to examine the students as users of embodied communication. Embodied communication is treated as a medium and the context is analyzed through a design theoretic perspective on learning. Two groups of 10 year old students have been video recorded and observed. The results show that the students’ formal process of designing embodied communication is influenced by existing rules in school, the teacher and the instructions. The informal process of designing embodied communication is affected by social interactions among students, student leaders, the students’ bodily values and themes from their everyday life. Embodied communication, and in part the designing of it, is described as an interaction between body expressions and the use of time, space and materials. How the students designs the embodied communication and how it transforms during the examined session is explained in combining the analytical themes ”formal design”, ”informal design” and ”embodied communication”.
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Heckel, Marjorie J. "Spiritual gardens in a healthcare setting." Virtual Press, 2003. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1260488.
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Healthcare facility designers are acknowledging the connection between environment and well-being. They, along with environmental psychologists and landscape architects, are trying to define how environment can influence health status. Research on therapeutic outcomes has helped define specific design guidelines for a garden intended to help hospital patients and staff. One aspect that has not been fully investigated, however, is the spirituality of these spaces. Often in hospital settings prayer goes hand in hand with medicine, especially in faith-based health ministries like St. Vincent Randolph Hospital (SVR). To overlook the importance and value of the spiritual aspect in a healthcare setting would be to miss the core of what SVR stands for. The purpose of this project is to identify guidelines for therapeutic gardens that support the physical, spiritual and mental health and well being of patients at St. Vincent Randolph Hospital and to apply these guidelines to the design of a garden for the patients, families, associates, visitors and the surrounding community.Department of Landscape Architecture
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Vong, Chi Man. "Case-based adaptation applied to hydraulic circuit design." Thesis, University of Macau, 2000. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1447768.
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Gullbrand, Jerker. "Picture composition applied to 3-dimensional level design." Thesis, Högskolan på Gotland, Institutionen för speldesign, teknik och lärande, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hgo:diva-1770.
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The purpose of this thesis is to examine how compositional techniques developed for fine art may be applied to 3-dimensional level design. It uses game design theory and best practices as a starting point and then investigates how graphic theory can be applied to further them by creating natural graphic focal points in a level, providing a set of tools the designer might use to graphically communicate with the player. The thesis investigates four main techniques used to achieve graphic control: Managing hues and values. Managing shapes. Using linear and atmospheric perspective. Managing levels of detail. Each technique is linked to compositional theory through historical paintings which feature the techniques in question. Examples are then provided from contemporary games that testify the validity of using the technique in level design. In some cases altered scenes are also provided; over paints done in Adobe Photoshop exemplify how a technique may be used to change a scene’s meaning and convey other messages to the player. The conclusions and analysis testify to the value of incorporating compositional theory into level design and suggest further areas of research along the same line.
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García, Vílchez Mercedes. "Design tools applied to a trochoidal gear pump." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/277538.
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Positive displacements pumps, as currently designed, produce significant flow pulsations that result in pressure pulsations. These pulsations contribute to the global noise generated by the installation. Moreover, they interact with the system where the pump is connected shortening the life of both the pump and circuit components. Rotary trochoidal gear pump, a type of rotary positive displacement machine, has characteristics that make it suitable for many applications fields. Nowadays, in cases like additivation and dosage, these applications have not been completely developed, and present a growing potential in the industrial world, such as in new diesel engines generation or in medical applications. The thesis presents a set of design tools applied to trochoidal gear pumps, from the viewpoint of the fluid dynamical performance of the pump. These design tools are aimed to help improving two of the main performance indices of the pump: the volumetric capacity and the flow irregularity, leading the designer to more efficient new designs of gerotor pumps. On the one hand, the volumetric capacity is related with the pump's efficiency, and increases in this particular index result in a higher efficiency of the pump. On the other hand, flow irregularity measures de flow ripple generated by the pump, and by reducing this index, the life of both the pump and the installation can be extended, as phenomena like fatigue are attenuated. This is achieved through the use of analytical, simulation and experimental procedures. From the analytical side, two new modules of GeroLAB Package are created, Minimum Clearance Module and Effective Port Areas. Also, a dynamical simulation through BondGraph is conducted, studying the influence of the port areas geometry. In the present thesis, the model has been improved by adding the information of the effective port areas, thus making it more realistic. Regarding the numerical simulation, a three-dimensional with deforming mesh Computational Fluid Dynamics model is presented. The model includes the effects of the manufacturing tolerance and the leakage inside the pump. Also, the influence of simulating the contact points is studied. A new boundary condition is created for the simulation of the solid contact in the interteeth radial clearance, established as a fluid-dynamic condition. The experimental study of the pump is carried out by means of Time-Resolved Particle Image Velocimetry. This technique is developed in order to adapt it to the gerotor pump, and measurements are captures in the outlet pipe and in the chambers between trochoidal profiles. Results are qualitatively evaluated thanks to the analytical and simulation tools. The presented experimental procedure meets the need of a methodology to directly measure the flow ripple generated by the pump, with a non-intrusive technique. It constitutes an alternative to the Secondary Source Method, and it is the first approach of Time-Resolved Particle Image Velocimetry applied to a trochoidal gear pump, according to the author's knowledge.Las bombas de desplazamiento positivo, en su diseño actual, producen pulsaciones de caudal significantes que resultan en pulsaciones de presión. Estas pulsaciones contribuyen al ruido global generado por la instalación. Además, interactúan con el sistema al cual se encuentra conectada la bomba, reduciendo la vida útil tanto de la bomba como de los componentes del circuito. La bomba rotativa de engranajes trocoidales, un tipo de máquina rotativa de desplazamiento volumétrico, tiene características que hacen que sea adecuada en muchos campos de aplicación. Actualmente, en casos como la aditivación o la dosificación, estas aplicaciones no han sido completamente desarrolladas, y prestan un creciente potencial en el mundo industrial, como en nuevas generaciones de motores diesel o en aplicaciones médicas. La tesis presenta un conjunto de herramientas de diseño aplicadas a bombas de engranajes trocoidales, desde el punto de vista del comportamiento fluidodinámico de la bomba. Estas herramientas de diseño están orientadas a ayudar a la mejora de dos de los principales índices de la bomba: la capacidad volumétrica y la irregularidad en el caudal, dirigiendo al diseñador a nuevos diseños de bombas gerotor más eficientes. Por un lado, la capacidad volumétrica está relacionada con la eficiencia de la bomba, e incrementos en este índice resultan en una mayor eficiencia de la bomba. Por otro lado, la irregularidad en el caudal mide el las fluctuaciones en el caudal generado por la bomba, y reduciendo este índice, la vida útil de la bomba y de la instalación puede ser aumentada, ya que fenómenos como la fatiga se ven atenuados. Esto se consigue a través del uso de procedimientos analíticos, de simulación y experimentales. Desde el punto de vista analítico, se han creado dos nuevos módulos para el software GeroLAB Package, denominados Minimum Clearance Module y Effective Port Areas. También se ha llevado a cabo una simulación dinámica de BondGraph, estudiando la influencia de la geometría de las lumbreras. En esta tesis, el modelo se ha mejorado añadiendo la información de las secciones efectivas de las lumbreras, obteniendo así un modelo más realista. En relación con la simulación numérica, se presenta un modelo de dinámica de fluidos computacional (CFD) tridimensional y con malla deformable. El modelo incluye los efectos de las tolerancias de fabricación y las fugas en el interior de la bomba. Además, también se estudia la influencia de simular los puntos de contactos entre dientes. Se crea una nueva condición de contorno para la simulación del contacto sólido en las holguras radiales entre dientes, establecida como una condición fluidodinámica. El estudio experimental de la bomba se lleva a cabo mediante resolución en tiempo de Velocimetría de Imágenes de Partículas (TRPIV). Esta técnica se adapta a la bomba gerotor, y las medidas obtenidas son capturas en la tubería de salida y en las cámaras entre perfiles trocoidales. Los resultados se evalúan cualitativamente gracias a las herramientas analíticas y de simulación. El procedimiento experimental presentados responde a la necesidad de una metodología para medir de manera directa el caudal generado por la bomba, con una técnica no intrusiva. Constituye una alternativa al método de la fuente secundaria, y es la primera aproximación de TRPIV aplicado a una bomba de engranajes trocoidales, de acuerdo con el conocimiento de la autora
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Leitch, Sean. "Rasterisation of cubic splines applied to font design." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.484247.
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Riutort, Kevin T. "Applied design and implementation of straight-line mechanisms." Thesis, This resource online, 1996. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-09182008-063202/.
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Coles, Darrell Ardon 1971. "Optimal experimental design applied to DC resistivity problems." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/42921.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, 2008.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 317-323).
The systematic design of experiments to optimally query physical systems through manipulation of the data acquisition strategy is termed optimal experimental design (OED). This dissertation introduces the state-of-the-art in OED theory and presents a new design methodology, which is demonstrated by application to DC resistivity problems. The primary goal is to minimize inversion model errors and uncertainties, where the inversion is approached via nonlinear least squares with L1 smoothness constraints. An equally important goal is to find ways to expedite experimental design to make it practical for a wider variety of surveying situations than is currently possible.A fast, sequential ED strategy is introduced that designs surveys accumulatively by an efficient method that maximizes the determinant of the Jacobian matrix. An analysis of electrode geometries for multielectrode data acquisition systems reveals that experiment-space can be usefully decimated by using special subsets of observations, reducing design CPU times. Several techniques for decimating model-space are also considered that reduce design times.A law of diminishing returns is observed; compact, information-dense designed surveys produce smaller model errors than comparably sized random and standard surveys, but as the number of observations increases the utility of designing surveys diminishes. Hence, the prime advantage of OED is its ability to generate small, high-quality surveys whose data are superior for inversion.Designed experiments are examined in a Monte Carlo framework, compared with standard and random experiments on 1D, 2D and borehole DC resistivity problems in both noiseless and noisy data scenarios and for homogeneous and heterogeneous earth models. Adaptive methods are also investigated, where surveys are specifically tailored to a heterogeneous target in real time or in a two-stage process.
(cont) The main contributions this thesis makes to geophysical inverse theory are: 1) a fast method of OED that minimizes a measure of total parameter uncertainty; 2) novel techniques of experiment-space and model-space decimation that expedite design times; 3) new methods of adaptive OED that tailor surveys to specific targets; and 4) though the OED method is demonstrated on geoelectrical problems, it can be applied to any inverse problem where the user controls data acquisition.
by Darrell A. Coles.
Ph.D.
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Castro, Ricardo Melo e. "Data analysis applied to healthcare." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/22233.
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The Emergency Department (ED) is one of the essential departments of any hospital, often open 24 hours a day is the service that most provides patients to a hospital.
Advances in medicine have resulted in an increase in average life expectancy and, consequently, an ageing population, which will lead to an increase in affluence and need for healthcare, so it is of extreme importance that the hospitals are able to carry out effective management of available hospital resources, so that the quality of service (QoS) it can offer to patients is not compromised and there are no cases where a patient cannot be admitted due to lack of beds, or is not treated due to lack of medication, among others.
Hospitals today are aware of the growing importance of data analysis. Data Mining techniques allow extracting knowledge from the big data stored in their computer systems in the form of electronic health records (EHR). This analysis of big data produced by a hospital will, to some extent, help the hospital management to better manage these resources to improve its services, improving the quality of its service, making the patients more satisfied, which can contribute to a healthier society.
The author of this thesis will analyze data from an ED provided by an hospital in the Lisbon region, processing the data and then performing a descriptive analysis that allows us to draw conclusions regarding the time a patient spends in the hospital (Length of Stay), among other metrics, taking into account several factors that may influence it, and then perform a predictive analysis of the Length of Stay in order to help the hospital in the decision-making process.O serviço de urgências é um dos departamentos mais importantes de qualquer hospital, muitas vezes aberto 24 horas por dia é o serviço que mais fornece utentes a um hospital. Posto isto, e perante uma população cada vez mais envelhecida, devido ao aumento da esperança média de vida, irá fazer com que a afluência a estes serviços venha a aumentar, assim é de extrema importância que o hospital seja capaz de realizar uma gestão eficaz dos recursos hospitalares disponíveis, de modo a que a qualidade de serviço que este pode oferecer aos utentes não seja comprometida e não se venha a verificar casos em que um utente não pode ser internado por falta de camas, ou que não tenha quarto disponível e tenha de ser colocado no corredor, entre outros. Hoje em dia os hospitais com vista na possibilidade de análise de dados através de técnicas de Data Mining, que permitem a extração de conhecimento a partir das grandes quantidades de dados (Big Data) guardadas nos seus sistemas informáticos sob a forma de registos médicos eletrónicos (Eletronic Health Records). A análise da Big Data produzida por um hospital vai permitir um olhar um para estes números e de certa forma ajudar a gestão do hospital a gerir melhor estes recursos de modo a melhorar os seus serviços, melhorando as condições dos utentes, deixando estes mais satisfeitos. O autor desta tese irá analisar dados reais de um serviço de urgências fornecidos por um hospital da região de Lisboa, tratando destes dados e de seguida realizando uma análise descritiva que nos permita retirar conclusões em relação ao tempo que um doente passa no hospital (Length of stay), entre outras métricas, tendo em conta vários fatores que o possam influenciar, e de seguida elaborar uma análise preditiva do Length of Stay com vista a ajudar a apoiar o processo de tomada de decisões pelo hospital.
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(6618929), Bo Peng. "APPLICATIONS OF DATA MINING IN HEALTHCARE." Thesis, 2019.
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With increases in the quantity and quality of healthcare related data, data mining tools have the potential to improve people’s standard of living through personalized and pre-dictive medicine. In this thesis we improve the state-of-the-art in data mining for several problems in the healthcare domain. In problems such as drug-drug interaction prediction
and Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) biomarkers discovery and prioritization, current methods either require tedious feature engineering or have unsatisfactory performance. New effective computational tools are needed that can tackle these complex problems.
In this dissertation, we develop new algorithms for two healthcare problems: high-order drug-drug interaction prediction and amyloid imaging biomarker prioritization in
Alzheimer’s Disease. Drug-drug interactions (DDIs) and their associated adverse drug reactions (ADRs) represent a significant detriment to the public h ealth. Existing research on DDIs primarily focuses on pairwise DDI detection and prediction. Effective computational methods for high-order DDI prediction are desired. In this dissertation, I present a deep learning based model D3I for cardinality-invariant and order-invariant high-order DDI prediction. The proposed models achieve 0.740 F1 value and 0.847 AUC value on high-order DDI prediction, and outperform classical methods on order-2 DDI prediction. These results demonstrate the strong potential of D 3 I and deep learning based models in tackling the prediction problems of high-order DDIs and their induced ADRs.
The second problem I consider in this thesis is amyloid imaging biomarkers discovery, for which I propose an innovative machine learning paradigm enabling precision medicine in this domain. The paradigm tailors the imaging biomarker discovery process to individual characteristics of a given patient. I implement this paradigm using a newly developed learning-to-rank method PLTR. The PLTR model seamlessly integrates two objectives for joint optimization: pushing up relevant biomarkers and ranking among relevant biomarkers. The empirical study of PLTR conducted on the ADNI data yields promising results to identify and prioritize individual-specific amyloid imaging biomarkers based on the individual’s structural MRI data. The resulting top ranked imaging biomarkers have the potential to aid personalized diagnosis and disease subtyping.