Journal articles: 'Design Domains'

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ACITO, Bill. "“A Cross-Domain, System Planning Methodology”." International Symposium on Microelectronics 2018, no. 1 (October 1, 2018): 000005–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2380-4505-2018.1.000005.

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Abstract Through several decades of electronic product design, three high-level design domains have emerged; IC (SoC) design, package (SiP) design and board (PCB/PWB) design. These three domains are separated and somewhat isolated, based on the EDA tools they use and by domain expertise. In many cases, the design tools come from 2 or 3 different EDA companies, leading to limited or no methods of sharing design data across the three domains. This typically leads to an “over-the-wall” design approach, resulting in downstream layout complexities for the package and board design teams, requiring domain expertise (human in the loop) in these design domains. Typically, this high-level of complexity occurs because the package substrate and board form-factor are not planned and optimized in context of the IC(s). Thus, the automation of these layouts becomes nearly impossible and tremendous human interaction (domain expertise) is the only way to complete the designs cost-effectively. Moreover, this methodology directly impacts time-to-market and results in products that do not live up to cost or performance expectations.

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Beirão, José, and José P. Duarte. "Generic grammars for design domains." Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 32, no. 2 (May 2018): 225–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890060417000452.

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AbstractShape grammars have been developed to codify a specific type of artifact – Queen Anne houses, Buffalo bungalows – or the style of a particular designer – Andrea Palladio, Frank Lloyd Wright, or Álvaro Siza Vieira. However, these specific grammars fail to encode recurrent design moves or features that are above the particularities of a specific design style or the idiosyncrasies of a specific designer and, therefore, are common to a larger category of designs and maybe reutilized and incorporated in the definition of new, specific design languages. To overcome these limitations, the notion of generic grammars for defining design domains is introduced. Its application to the urban design domain is illustrated by showing a generic grammar implementation resulting in a City Information Modeling platform composed of a parametric design interface connected to a geographic database.

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Qian, Lena, and John S. Gero. "Function–behavior–structure paths and their role in analogy-based design." Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 10, no. 4 (September 1996): 289–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890060400001633.

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AbstractIn many creative design processes, cross-domain knowledge is required to inspire the new design result. Thus, in knowledge-based design, how we represent the cross-domain knowledge becomes a key issue. In this paper, we present a formalism for design knowledge representation. By analyzing function representation in different design domains, from graphic design and industrial design to architectural and engineering device designs, we find that although the focus of each kind of design is different, the function representation can be generalized into a small number of categories. This formalism can be used in an explorative model of design by analogy, where designs from different design domains are sources to help produce a new design.

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Bhatta, Sambasiva R., and Ashok K. Goel. "From design experiences to generic mechanisms: Model-based learning in analogical design." Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 10, no. 2 (April 1996): 131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890060400001372.

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AbstractAnalogical reasoning plays an important role in design. In particular, cross-domain analogies appear to be important in innovative and creative design. However, making cross-domain analogies is hard and often requires abstractions common to the source and target domains. Recent work in case-based design suggests that generic mechanisms are one type of abstractions useful in adapting past designs. However, one important yet unexplored issue is where these generic mechanisms come from. We hypothesize that they are acquired incrementally from design experiences in familiar domains by abstraction over patterns of regularity. Three important issues in abstraction from experiences are what to abstract from an experience, how far to abstract, and what methods to use. In this short paper, we describe how structure-behavior-function models of designs in a familiar domain provide the content, and together with the problem-solving context in which learning occurs, also provide the constraints for learning generic mechanisms from design experiences. In particular, we describe the model-based learning method with a scenario of learning feedback mechanism.

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Velivela, Pavan Tejaswi, Nikita Letov, Yuan Liu, and Yaoyao Fiona Zhao. "APPLICATION OF DOMAIN INTEGRATED DESIGN METHODOLOGY FOR BIO-INSPIRED DESIGN- A CASE STUDY OF SUTURE PIN DESIGN." Proceedings of the Design Society 1 (July 27, 2021): 487–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pds.2021.49.

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AbstractThis paper investigates the design and development of bio-inspired suture pins that would reduce the insertion force and thereby reducing the pain in the patients. Inspired by kingfisher's beak and porcupine quills, the conceptual design of the suture pin is developed by using a unique ideation methodology that is proposed in this research. The methodology is named as Domain Integrated Design, which involves in classifying bio-inspired structures into various domains. There is little work done on such bio-inspired multifunctional aspect. In this research we have categorized the vast biological functionalities into domains namely, cellular structures, shapes, cross-sections, and surfaces. Multi-functional bio-inspired structures are designed by combining different domains. In this research, the hypothesis is verified by simulating the total deformation of tissue and the needle at the moment of puncture. The results show that the bio-inspired suture pin has a low deformation on the tissue at higher velocities at the puncture point and low deformation in its own structure when an axial force (reaction force) is applied to its tip. This makes the design stiff and thus require less force of insertion.

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Beju, Livia Dana, Paul Dan Brîndaşu, and Gabriel Vasile Oniţă. "A Conceptual Model of Product Design." Applied Mechanics and Materials 371 (August 2013): 908–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.371.908.

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The paper presents a conceptual model that pursues the understanding of the activities, the phases and the mechanisms of product design. The purpose of this model is to aid the product conception phase, as well as to develop software products that can furthermore aid design. The model takes into account the entire mental potential of the human being. The paper uses Jung's model in order to describe the various aspects of the human psyche. The paper presents a number of design models from the scientific literature. The proposed model defines domains of the needs imposed by stakeholders and specialists, functions domains and product domains. It explains the mechanism through which information is passed from one domain to another. As the information travels between domains, it undergoes a series of modelling and objectivation processes. The model is explained in better detail for the first phase of product design; however, it is applicable in all phases of product lifecycle. In the space and time coordinates used by the model, the conception appears as a spiral.

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Chatterji, Shurojit, and Huaxia Zeng. "Random mechanism design on multidimensional domains." Journal of Economic Theory 182 (July 2019): 25–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jet.2019.04.003.

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Hsu, Chia-Hsin, Chien-Kuo Chen, and Ming-Jing Hwang. "The architectural design of networks of protein domain architectures." Biology Letters 9, no. 4 (August 23, 2013): 20130268. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2013.0268.

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Protein domain architectures (PDAs), in which single domains are linked to form multiple-domain proteins, are a major molecular form used by evolution for the diversification of protein functions. However, the design principles of PDAs remain largely uninvestigated. In this study, we constructed networks to connect domain architectures that had grown out from the same single domain for every single domain in the Pfam-A database and found that there are three main distinctive types of these networks, which suggests that evolution can exploit PDAs in three different ways. Further analysis showed that these three different types of PDA networks are each adopted by different types of protein domains, although many networks exhibit the characteristics of more than one of the three types. Our results shed light on nature's blueprint for protein architecture and provide a framework for understanding architectural design from a network perspective.

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Cropley, David H., and James C. Kaufman. "The siren song of aesthetics? Domain differences and creativity in engineering and design." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 233, no. 2 (May 31, 2018): 451–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406218778311.

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For many years, researchers have debated the role of “domain” in creativity. Opinion remains divided, but a common view is that creativity is a combination of domain-general elements, coupled with domain-specific manifestations, usually in the form of different kinds of products. Discussions of domains and creativity frequently take place in very broad, thematic terms, differentiating only between Arts and Sciences, with less attention given to differences within domains. The goal of this paper is to explore a single technological domain, studying differences between the micro-domains of Engineering and Industrial Design. Do engineers and industrial designers differ when evaluating the creativity of products? If they differ, what might be the underlying drivers of these differences? Contrary to expectations, not only were there significant differences between these groups, but evidence presented in this study suggests that engineers have difficulty differentiating between aesthetics and functionality, as components of product creativity, in contrast to industrial designers, who seem to possess a more discriminating eye.

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Khadilkar, P. R., and P. Cash. "DISCERNING BEHAVIOURAL DESIGN: A CONCEPTUAL MODEL." Proceedings of the Design Society: DESIGN Conference 1 (May 2020): 1455–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dsd.2020.167.

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AbstractBehavioural design has emerged as an important domain of design practice and research due to its ability to deliver the desired outcomes beyond technical designs. Research on behavioural design is not successful in discerning it from other design domains, which is important for theory building. This paper discerns the unique characters of behavioural design by tracing the emergence of behaviour in design. Twelve interviews from six behaviour design cases belonging to four firms has been used to further discern the unique characteristics resulting into the conceptual model of behavioural design

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Acito, Bill. "Advanced Package Design: Inter-Domain Design Methodologies." International Symposium on Microelectronics 2019, no. 1 (October 1, 2019): 000284–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2380-4505-2019.1.000284.

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Abstract Just as we transitioned from simplistic lead frames to large ball grid arrays decades ago, we find ourselves again at another inflection point in design. Originally a derivative of PCB design, IC package design finds itself straddling both PCB-style design and traditional IC design. Dimensions have shrunk to place IC package design squarely in the same design dimensions as integrated circuits. Likewise, with Moore's law rapidly losing steam to support SoC's as a system integration vehicle, advanced package technologies have been asked to fill the system enablement gap. We now see advanced packaging technologies with silicon content as the system enabler in 2.5D, 3D and fanout wafer-level packaging. Because of the silicon and small geometries, IC design flows and signoff mechanisms are being used to design the next-generation of packaged systems. Package design now finds itself in the forefront of system-level design enablement. Where once system aggregation was done in a SoC at the silicon level, packaging is being used to build a system from technology-optimized die from each functional area (memory, processing, and interfaces). Silicon is no longer just a substrate material for IC manufacturing but a “package” substrate and functional integration vehicle. As such, package design teams find themselves adding IC-based design flows and methodologies. Package designers must look to the IC tools for routing, DRC, and signoff capabilities. Designers are looking for next-generation EDA tools to support these new integration and design challenges, including LVS-like validation checks and IC-based design rules. Rather than transitioning the design team from traditional packaging tools to IC tools entirely, we propose that users can leverage complete design flows that merge the best-in-class capabilities from each of their respective design domains. Is this regard, the best-in-class capabilities can remain in their respective domains, and a design flow can be created that relies on tight integration between both domains. These flows can also leverage a single point of entry for design capture and system level management. Flows based on the system management tool and the appropriate features in each of the domains can be created that enable and optimize complex designs that meet physical, signal integrity, cost and performance requirements. We will describe how capabilities can be leveraged from both domains in a tightly coupled flow, overseen by a design system-management tool, to address the challenges of advanced-technology and silicon-based system.

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Osipova, Victoria V., Igor L. Chudinov, and Aysel S. Seidova. "Formalized Approach in Relational Database Design." Key Engineering Materials 685 (February 2016): 930–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.685.930.

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Design of the conceptual information domain model is a significant and complicated stage in database development that influences its quality and can be considered as a skill. The suggested approach is based on analysis of attribute domains and relationships between them and uses the relational data model to determine the availability and the type of relationships between model entities.

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Lenharth, Andrew, Vikram S. Adve, and Samuel T. King. "Recovery domains." ACM SIGPLAN Notices 44, no. 3 (February 28, 2009): 49–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1508284.1508251.

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Zhang, Zhi Chuang, Xiao Ping Hu, and Chang Qing Xi. "A DSM-Based Multiple-Domain Modeling of Product Information." Applied Mechanics and Materials 201-202 (October 2012): 947–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.201-202.947.

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Knowledge cannot be promptly shared is the main problem in current ship design processes. Knowledge sharing depended on complete expression of the product information. Therefore, the project management tool—design structure matrix was applied in ship design. Three domains of design structure matrixes including products, tasks and people were built; three domain mapping matrixes which contain each two of the three fields were built too; finally the multiple-domain matrix including these three domains were built. The models established the theory basis for the development of collaborative design prototype system.

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Steinböck, F. A., and G. Wiche. "Plectin: A Cytolinker by Design." Biological Chemistry 380, no. 2 (February 1, 1999): 151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bc.1999.023.

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Abstract Plectin is a cytoskeletal protein of > 500 kDa that forms dumbbell-shaped homodimers comprising a central parallel α-helical coiled coil rod domain flanked by globular domains, thus providing a molecular backbone ideally suited to mediate the protein's interactions with an array of other cytoskeletal elements. Plectin self-associates and interacts with actin and intermediate filament cytoskeleton networks at opposite ends, and it binds at both ends to the hemidesmosomal transmembrane protein integrin beta-4, and likely to other junctional proteins. The central coiled coil rod domain can form bridges over long stretches and serves as a flexible linker between the structurally diverse N-terminal domain and the highly conserved C-terminal domain. Plectin is also a target of p34cdc2 kinase that regulates its dissociation from intermediate filaments during mitosis.

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Pandey, Divyanshu, Adithya Venugopal, and Harry Leib. "Multi-Domain Communication Systems and Networks: A Tensor-Based Approach." Network 1, no. 2 (July 7, 2021): 50–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/network1020005.

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Most modern communication systems, such as those intended for deployment in IoT applications or 5G and beyond networks, utilize multiple domains for transmission and reception at the physical layer. Depending on the application, these domains can include space, time, frequency, users, code sequences, and transmission media, to name a few. As such, the design criteria of future communication systems must be cognizant of the opportunities and the challenges that exist in exploiting the multi-domain nature of the signals and systems involved for information transmission. Focussing on the Physical Layer, this paper presents a novel mathematical framework using tensors, to represent, design, and analyze multi-domain systems. Various domains can be integrated into the transceiver design scheme using tensors. Tools from multi-linear algebra can be used to develop simultaneous signal processing techniques across all the domains. In particular, we present tensor partial response signaling (TPRS) which allows the introduction of controlled interference within elements of a domain and also across domains. We develop the TPRS system using the tensor contracted convolution to generate a multi-domain signal with desired spectral and cross-spectral properties across domains. In addition, by studying the information theoretic properties of the multi-domain tensor channel, we present the trade-off between different domains that can be harnessed using this framework. Numerical examples for capacity and mean square error are presented to highlight the domain trade-off revealed by the tensor formulation. Furthermore, an application of the tensor framework to MIMO Generalized Frequency Division Multiplexing (GFDM) is also presented.

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Eckert, Claudia, Alan Blackwell, Martin Stacey, Christopher Earl, and Luke Church. "Sketching across design domains: Roles and formalities." Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 26, no. 3 (August 2012): 245–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890060412000133.

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AbstractTo complement studies on design sketching within particular phases of design processes in specific design domains, this paper analyzes descriptions of design processes given by designers from a wide variety of fields. This research forms part of a wider project on comparisons across design domains and draws attention to the many types and properties of sketches in different contexts. Further, it focuses on the multiple roles that sketching can take in idea generation, as well as in reasoning and communicating design ideas. In particular this paper examines how the different types and roles of sketches can be more or less formal and how this can lead to misunderstandings.

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Berg, Jeremy M. "Zinc Finger Domains: From Predictions to Design." Accounts of Chemical Research 28, no. 1 (January 1995): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ar00049a003.

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Toombs, J. A., M. Petri, K. R. Paul, G. Y. Kan, A. Ben-Hur, and E. D. Ross. "De novo design of synthetic prion domains." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 109, no. 17 (April 2, 2012): 6519–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1119366109.

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Blutman, Kristof, Hamed Fatemi, Ajay Kapoor, Andrew B. Kahng, Jiajia Li, and Jose Pineda de Gyvez. "Logic Design Partitioning for Stacked Power Domains." IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems 25, no. 11 (November 2017): 3045–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2017.2729587.

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El-Nakla, Samir. "Case-Based Expert System to Support Electronics Design in Mechatronic System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 229-231 (November 2012): 2793–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.229-231.2793.

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Many current systems rely for their performance on achieving a balance between electronics, software and mechanical systems and the transfer of functionality between those domains. The design of such mechatronic systems therefore relies on the ability of the individual domain specialists to transfer knowledge about their domain within the overall design process. Enhancing the ability of non-specialists to understand the relationships between the various system elements and to communicate with the domain specialists will serve to enhance and support the design process. The paper therefore considers a tool based around the use of case-based expert system which is intended to provide such support by allowing a non-specialist to access information from a range of domains in a way which is easy to use and understand and which will establish and define the links between the various areas of technology.

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Kerr, Murray L., Suhada Jayasuriya, and Samuel F. Asokanthan. "Robust Stability of Sequential Multi-input Multi-output Quantitative Feedback Theory Designs." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 127, no. 2 (May 24, 2004): 250–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1898233.

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This paper re-examines the stability of multi-input multi-output (MIMO) control systems designed using sequential MIMO quantitative feedback theory (QFT). In order to establish the results, recursive design equations for the SISO equivalent plants employed in a sequential MIMO QFT design are established. The equations apply to sequential MIMO QFT designs in both the direct plant domain, which employs the elements of plant in the design, and the inverse plant domain, which employs the elements of the plant inverse in the design. Stability theorems that employ necessary and sufficient conditions for robust closed-loop internal stability are developed for sequential MIMO QFT designs in both domains. The theorems and design equations facilitate less conservative designs and improved design transparency.

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Grauberger, P., S. Goetz, B. Schleich, T. Gwosch, S. Matthiesen, and S. Wartzack. "A CONCEPTUAL MODEL COMBINATION FOR THE UNIFICATION OF DESIGN AND TOLERANCING IN ROBUST DESIGN." Proceedings of the Design Society: DESIGN Conference 1 (May 2020): 157–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dsd.2020.12.

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AbstractIn design engineering, the early consideration of tolerance chains contributes to robust design. For this, a link of design and tolerancing domains is essential. This paper presents a combination of the graph-based tolerancing approach and the Contact and Channel approach to link these domains. The combined approach is applied at a coinage machine. Here it provides detailed insights into state-dependent relations of embodiment and functions, which can improve robustness evaluation of the concept. This approach shows a possibility to bridge the gap between design and tolerancing domains.

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Montoya-Zapata, Diego, Diego A. Acosta, Camilo Cortés, Juan Pareja-Corcho, Aitor Moreno, Jorge Posada, and Oscar Ruiz-Salguero. "Approximation of the Mechanical Response of Large Lattice Domains Using Homogenization and Design of Experiments." Applied Sciences 10, no. 11 (June 1, 2020): 3858. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10113858.

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Lattice-based workpieces contain patterned repetition of individuals of a basic topology (Schwarz, ortho-walls, gyroid, etc.) with each individual having distinct geometric grading. In the context of the design, analysis and manufacturing of lattice workpieces, the problem of rapidly assessing the mechanical behavior of large domains is relevant for pre-evaluation of designs. In this realm, two approaches can be identified: (1) numerical simulations which usually bring accuracy but limit the size of the domains that can be studied due to intractable data sizes, and (2) material homogenization strategies that sacrifice precision to favor efficiency and allow for simulations of large domains. Material homogenization synthesizes diluted material properties in a lattice, according to the volume occupancy factor of such a lattice. Preliminary publications show that material homogenization is reasonable in predicting displacements, but is not in predicting stresses (highly sensitive to local geometry). As a response to such shortcomings, this paper presents a methodology that systematically uses design of experiments (DOE) to produce simple mathematical expressions (meta-models) that relate the stress–strain behavior of the lattice domain and the displacements of the homogeneous domain. The implementation in this paper estimates the von Mises stress in large Schwarz primitive lattice domains under compressive loads. The results of our experiments show that (1) material homogenization can efficiently and accurately approximate the displacements field, even in complex lattice domains, and (2) material homogenization and DOE can produce rough estimations of the von Mises stress in large domains (more than 100 cells). The errors in the von Mises stress estimations reach 42 % for domains of up to 24 cells. This result means that coarse stress–strain estimations may be possible in lattice domains by combining DOE and homogenized material properties. This option is not suitable for precise stress prediction in sensitive contexts wherein high accuracy is needed. Future work is required to refine the meta-models to improve the accuracies of the estimations.

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Bennett, Kevin B., and John Flach. "Ecological Interface Design: Thirty-Plus Years of Refinement, Progress, and Potential." Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 61, no. 4 (March 15, 2019): 513–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0018720819835990.

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Objective: The objective is to provide a review of ecological interface design (EID), to illustrate its value to human factors/ergonomics, and to identify areas for future research and development. Background: EID uses mature interface technologies to provide decision making and problem solving support. A variety of theoretical concepts and analytical tools have been developed to meet the associated challenges. EID provides support that is simultaneously grounded in the practical realities of a work domain and tailored to human capabilities and limitations. Method: EID’s theoretical foundation is discussed briefly. Concrete examples of ecological and traditional interfaces are provided. Different categories of work domains are described, as well as the associated implications for interface design. A targeted literature review is conducted and the experimental outcomes are summarized. A representative evaluation is discussed, and interpretations of performance are provided. Results: The evidence reveals that EID has been remarkably successful in significantly improving performance for work domains with constraints that are law driven (e.g., process control). In contrast, work domains that are intent-driven (e.g., information retrieval) have, by and large, been ignored. Also, few studies have addressed nonvisual displays. Conclusion: EID has not yet realized its potential to improve safety and efficiency across the entire continuum of work domains. Application: EID provides a single integrated framework that is (a) sufficiently comprehensive to deal with complicated work domains and (b) capable of producing innovative support that will generalize to actual work settings.

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Steinberg, Louis. "Research methodology for AI and design." Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 8, no. 4 (1994): 283–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890060400000962.

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AbstractPerspectives on research methodology in the field of “AI and design” are discussed. This perspective is based on a view of a “science of design” focusing on methods of design and on characteristics of design tasks that affect what methods are relevant for a given task. Two methodological issues are discussed: the need to try applying a design method on multiple tasks and domains, and the need to work with collaborators who are experts in the task domain of each research system you build.

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Jarrah, Moath, and Bernard Zeigler. "A modeling and simulation-based methodology to support dynamic negotiation for web service applications." SIMULATION 88, no. 3 (November 1, 2010): 315–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0037549710385744.

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Different negotiation engineering domains require the system designer to tailor the negotiation framework according to the domain under which it will be used. This process of system design is timely consuming when supporting different geographically distributed and dynamic environments. Here we show a methodology to design negotiation systems by integrating domain-dependent message structure ontology with domain-independent marketplace architecture. The methodology gives the system designers a powerful modeling tool that can be used to tailor the framework in order to support different negotiation behaviors under different domains. The system entity structure formalism is used to build the domain-dependent ontology while the finite deterministic discrete event system formalism is used to build the marketplace model. The discrete event system with service oriented architecture simulation environment was employed to demonstrate a proof of concept of applicability to web service domains.

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Ardito, Carmelo, Giuseppe Desolda, Rosa Lanzilotti, Alessio Malizia, Maristella Matera, Paolo Buono, and Antonio Piccinno. "User-defined semantics for the design of IoT systems enabling smart interactive experiences." Personal and Ubiquitous Computing 24, no. 6 (September 26, 2020): 781–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00779-020-01457-5.

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AbstractAutomation in computing systems has always been considered a valuable solution to unburden the user. Internet of Things (IoT) technology best suits automation in different domains, such as home automation, retail, industry, and transportation, to name but a few. While these domains are strongly characterized by implicit user interaction, more recently, automation has been adopted also for the provision of interactive and immersive experiences that actively involve the users. IoT technology thus becomes the key for Smart Interactive Experiences (SIEs), i.e., immersive automated experiences created by orchestrating different devices to enable smart environments to fluidly react to the final users’ behavior. There are domains, e.g., cultural heritage, where these systems and the SIEs can support and provide several benefits. However, experts of such domains, while intrigued by the opportunity to induce SIEs, are facing tough challenges in their everyday work activities when they are required to automate and orchestrate IoT devices without the necessary coding skills. This paper presents a design approach that tries to overcome these difficulties thanks to the adoption of ontologies for defining Event-Condition-Action rules. More specifically, the approach enables domain experts to identify and specify properties of IoT devices through a user-defined semantics that, being closer to the domain experts’ background, facilitates them in automating the IoT devices behavior. We also present a study comparing three different interaction paradigms conceived to support the specification of user-defined semantics through a “transparent” use of ontologies. Based on the results of this study, we work out some lessons learned on how the proposed paradigms help domain experts express their semantics, which in turn facilitates the creation of interactive applications enabling SIEs.

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Lebedev, Sergey, and Michail Panteleyev. "Ontology-Driven Situation Assessment System Design and Development in IoT Domains." International Journal of Embedded and Real-Time Communication Systems 8, no. 1 (January 2017): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijertcs.2017010101.

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An ontology-driven approach to software design and development of situation assessment systems (SAS) for IoT applications is considered. As SAS is used to build the situational model for the external environment, it highly depends on the operational domain. To simplify the transition from the domain description to SAS dataflow process the ontology-driven approach is proposed. The main idea of the approach is to explicitly formalize SAS dataflow process in an ontological form. For this purpose, a domain-independent SAS ontology is proposed that allows automation of the dataflow process design. The dataflow process ontology is used to automate development and runtime stages of SAS lifecycle. The proposed ontology is included into the proposed instrument set. The set can be used to build SAS systems for different domains described with OWL ontology. The set is evaluated on a traffic control scenario.

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Marchiori, Elena. "Design of abstract domains using first-order logic." Theoretical Computer Science 222, no. 1-2 (July 1999): 153–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3975(98)00231-x.

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Seifert, Swantje, and Susanne Brakmann. "LOV Domains in the Design of Photoresponsive Enzymes." ACS Chemical Biology 13, no. 8 (June 15, 2018): 1914–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acschembio.8b00159.

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Barth, Patrick, Allyn Schoeffler, and Tom Alber. "Targeting Metastable Coiled-Coil Domains by Computational Design." Journal of the American Chemical Society 130, no. 36 (September 10, 2008): 12038–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja802447e.

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Holt, JE, and DF Radcliffe. "Learning in the organizational and personal design domains." Design Studies 12, no. 3 (July 1991): 142–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0142-694x(91)90023-p.

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Barbu, Viorel, and Avner Friedman. "Optimal Design of Domains with Free-Boundary Problems." SIAM Journal on Control and Optimization 29, no. 3 (May 1991): 623–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/0329035.

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Rodriguez-Andina, J. J., M. J. Moure, and M. D. Valdes. "Features, Design Tools, and Application Domains of FPGAs." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 54, no. 4 (August 2007): 1810–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tie.2007.898279.

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Rao, Vivek, George Moore, Hyun Jie Jung, Euiyoung Kim, Alice Agogino, and Kosa Goucher-Lambert. "SUPPORTING HUMAN-CENTERED DESIGN IN PSYCHOLOGICALLY DISTANT PROBLEM DOMAINS: THE DESIGN FOR CYBERSECURITY CARDS." Proceedings of the Design Society 1 (July 27, 2021): 2831–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pds.2021.544.

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AbstractIncreasingly digital products and services make cybersecurity a crucial issue for designers. However, human-centered designers struggle to consider it in their work, partially a consequence of the high psychological distance between designers and cybersecurity. In this work, we build on the Design for Cybersecurity (DfC) Cards, an intervention to help designers consider cybersecurity, and examine a project-based design course to understand how and why specific DfC cards were used. Three findings result. First, designers found the intervention useful across all design phases and activities. Second, the cards helped design teams refocus their attention on the problem domain and project outcome. Third, we identify a need for support in framing and converging during user research, opportunity identification, and prototyping. We argue that the psychological distance between designers and the problem space of cybersecurity partially explains these findings, and ultimately exacerbates existing challenges in the design process. These findings suggest that design interventions must consider the psychological distance between designer and problem space, and have application in design practice across many complex problem domains.

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Jingsong, Zhao, Wu Zhaolin, and Wang Fengchen. "Comments on Ship Domains." Journal of Navigation 46, no. 3 (September 1993): 422–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463300011875.

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The ship domain is a very important and useful concept in marine traffic engineering. It has been widely used in traffic simulation models, for encounter criteria, traffic lane design criteria, VTS planning, risk assessment, collision avoidance, and for other applications.Dr Y. Fujii, Dr E. M. Goodwin and Dr T. G. Coldwell have done a lot of work on this subject. The differences between their ship domain concepts are described in the second part of this paper. In the third part, the authors have used a new branch of social psychology – the theory of Proxemics – to analyse the factors which affect the ship domain, and point out that the basis of producing ship domains is in the field of Proxemics. Finally, in the fourth part of this paper, some problems in ship domains are analysed.

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Srinivasan, V., Amaresh Chakrabarti, and Udo Lindemann. "An empirical understanding of use of internal analogies in conceptual design." Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 29, no. 2 (April 27, 2015): 147–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890060415000037.

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AbstractInternal analogies are created if the knowledge of source domain is obtained only from the cognition of designers. In this paper, an understanding of the use of internal analogies in conceptual design is developed by studying: the types of internal analogies; the roles of internal analogies; the influence of design problems on the creation of internal analogies; the role of experience of designers on the use of internal analogies; the levels of abstraction at which internal analogies are searched in target domain, identified in source domain, and realized in the target domain; and the effect of internal analogies from the natural and artificial domains on the solution space created using these analogies. To facilitate this understanding, empirical studies of design sessions from earlier research, each involving a designer solving a design problem by identifying requirements and developing conceptual solutions, without using any support, are used. The following are the important findings: designers use analogies from the natural and artificial domains; analogies are used for generating requirements and solutions; the nature of the design problem influences the use of analogies; the role of experience of designers on the use of analogies is not clearly ascertained; analogical transfer is observed only at few levels of abstraction while many levels remain unexplored; and analogies from the natural domain seem to have more positive influence than the artificial domain on the number of ideas and variety of idea space.

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Jimênez, Néstor, F. Mauricio Toro, Jaime I. Vélez, and Néstor Aguirre. "A methodology for the design of quasi-optimal monitoring networks for lakes and reservoirs." Journal of Hydroinformatics 7, no. 2 (March 1, 2005): 105–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2005.0010.

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A methodology for designing data colection networks in lakes and reservoirs is presented. The methodology is supported on numerical models, geostatistics and evolutionary strategies. The authors define four elementary steps for design, as follows: (i) modeling, to generate the data fields, (ii) sectoring, to make independent the regions inside the global domain, (iii) Kriging, to interpolate and get estimates from the available monitoring networks and (iv) optimization, to generate the set of locally optimal (accuracy vs costs) monitoring networks. The application case (Porce II reservoir in Colombia) is studied by splitting up the entire domain into five sub-domains (Dam, Transition, River, Stream A and Stream B). After splitting, outstanding features for each sub-domain strongly suggest further analysis. For instance, the Dam and River sub-domains have proven to be opposite (i.e. lentic vs lotic, respectively). As a result, the study case addresses the surface temperature of the Porce II reservoir and allows the recognition of structural patterns for surface temperatures.

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Tavakol, Mohsen, and Gill Pinner. "Using the Many-Facet Rasch Model to analyse and evaluate the quality of objective structured clinical examination: a non-experimental cross-sectional design." BMJ Open 9, no. 9 (September 2019): e029208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029208.

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ObjectivesSources of bias, such as the examiners, domains and stations, can influence the student marks in objective structured clinical examination (OSCE). This study describes the extent to which the facets modelled in an OSCE can contribute to scoring variance and how they fit into a Many-Facet Rasch Model (MFRM) of OSCE performance. A further objective is to identify the functioning of the rating scale used.DesignA non-experimental cross-sectional design.Participants and settingsAn MFRM was used to identify sources of error (eg, examiner, domain and station), which may influence the student outcome. A 16-station OSCE was conducted for 329 final year medical students. Domain-based marking was applied, each station using a sample from eight defined domains across the whole OSCE. The domains were defined as follows: communication skills, professionalism, information gathering, information giving, clinical interpretation, procedure, diagnosis and management. The domains in each station were weighted to ensure proper attention to the construct of the individual station. Four facets were assessed: students, examiners, domains and stations.ResultsThe results suggest that the OSCE data fit the model, confirming that an MFRM approach was appropriate to use. The variable map allows a comparison with and between the facets of students, examiners, domains and stations and the 5-point score for each domain with each station as they are calibrated to the same scale. Fit statistics showed that the domains map well to the performance of the examiners. No statistically significant difference between examiner sensitivity (3.85 logits) was found. However, the results did suggest examiners were lenient and that some behaved inconsistently. The results also suggest that the functioning of response categories on the 5-point rating scale need further examination and optimisation.ConclusionsThe results of the study have important implications for examiner monitoring and training activities, to aid assessment improvement.

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Suh, N. P. "Axiomatic Design of Mechanical Systems." Journal of Mechanical Design 117, B (June 1, 1995): 2–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2836467.

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Design is done in many fields. Although the design practices in different fields appear to be distinct from each other, all fields use a common thought process and design principles. Consequently, the true differences between these fields are minor, often consisting of the definitions of words, the specific data, and knowledge. In comparison, larger differences can exist within a given field between simple systems and large systems due to the size and the time dependent nature of functional requirements. The axiomatic approach to design provides a general theoretical framework for all these design fields, including mechanical design. The key concepts of axiomatic design are: the existence of domains, the characteristic vectors within the domains that can be decomposed into hierarchies through zigzagging between the domains, and the design axioms (i.e., the Independence Axiom and the Information Axiom). Based on the two design axioms, corollaries and theorems can be stated or derived for simple systems, large systems, and organizations. These theorems and corollaries can be used as design rules or guidelines for designers. The basic concepts are illustrated using simple mechanical design examples. When design is viewed axiomatically, not only product design but all other designs, including design of process, systems, software, organizations, and materials, are amenable to systematic treatment.

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Suh, N. P. "Axiomatic Design of Mechanical Systems." Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 117, B (June 1, 1995): 2–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2838673.

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Design is done in many fields. Although the design practices in different fields appear to be distinct from each other, all fields use a common thought process and design principles. Consequently, the true differences between these fields are minor, often consisting of the definitions of words, the specific data, and knowledge. In comparison, larger differences can exist within a given field between simple systems and large systems due to the size and the time dependent nature of functional requirements. The axiomatic approach to design provides a general theoretical framework for all these design fields, including mechanical design. The key concepts of axiomatic design are: the existence of domains, the characteristic vectors within the domains that can be decomposed into hierarchies through zigzagging between the domains, and the design axioms (i.e., the Independence Axiom and the Information Axiom). Based on the two design axioms, corollaries and theorems can be stated or derived for simple systems, large systems, and organizations. These theorems and corollaries can be used as design rules or guidelines for designers. The basic concepts are illustrated using simple mechanical design examples. When design is viewed axiomatically, not only product design but all other designs, including design of process, systems, software, organizations, and materials, are amenable to systematic treatment.

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Buss, David M. "Domains of deception." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 34, no. 1 (February 2011): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x10002682.

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AbstractThe von Hippel & Trivers theory of self-deception will gain added traction by identifying psychological design features that come into play in different domains of deception. These include the domains of mating, kinship, coalition formation, status hierarchy negotiation, parenting, friendship, and enmity. Exploring these domains will uncover psychological adaptations and sex-differentiated patterns of self-deception that are logically entailed by their theory.

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Chen, Yao, and Xueye Chen. "Numerical investigations and optimized design of reaction domain of a microreactor for a two-step reaction." Modern Physics Letters B 33, no. 25 (September 10, 2019): 1950302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984919503020.

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A two-step microreactor for the preparation of Diphenyldimethoxysilane [Formula: see text] is established. Diphenyldichlorosilane [Formula: see text] and methanol [Formula: see text] are selected as reactants. A model is created to optimize the structure of the reaction domain of the microreactor. The optimization parameters are [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]. The concentration of the products is compared when there are obstacles in the reaction domains and non-reaction domains. The model and optimization method are helpful in the design of microreactor.

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Sakae, Yuma, Koichiro Sato, and Yoshiyuki Matsuoka. "Comparative Analysis of Research Papers from Design and Engineering Design Domains by Using Multispace Design Model." Proceedings of Design & Systems Conference 2016.26 (2016): 2119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmedsd.2016.26.2119.

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Tuffley, David. "Engineering Organisational Behaviour with Design Research." International Journal of Sociotechnology and Knowledge Development 3, no. 2 (April 2011): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jskd.2011040101.

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Can Design Research be used to develop process models of organisational behavior? The question is significant given the desirability of finding ways to optimise organisational performance. It is also significant because the precursor of such process models have been largely restricted to the software engineering domain. This paper examines (a) whether Design Research is an effective tool for developing such models, and (b) asks, can process models be more broadly defined to include organisational behavior generally? The study concludes that Design Research is an excellent tool for developers of process models in general, and that there appears to be no good reason why such models cannot be used to describe optimal organisational behavior in a broad range of domains.

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KIM, CHUL JIN, EUN SOOK CHO, and SOO DONG KIM. "VARIABILITY DESIGN TECHNIQUES FOR ENHANCING COMPONENT REUSABILITY." International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 16, no. 03 (June 2006): 425–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218194006002860.

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Components should provide variability in satisfying a variety of domains [1], but it is not easy to develop components which can be applied to all domains. For this reason, when using time-to-market, components are slow and reusability of the components decreases. Hence, providing the variability of components becomes an important prerequisite for a successful component-based application development project. In this paper, we propose a variability design technique that can satisfy the requirements of many different kinds of domains. This technique addresses a method for designing the variability of the behavior and the workflow in a more detailed manner, and uses an object-oriented mechanism and design patterns. One of the most important goals of this technique is to provide a practical method which can be effectively applied to component-based application development.

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Hu, San Bao, Li Ping Chen, Yu Zhang, and Ming Jiang. "Design 3D Thermo-Mechanical Structures with Multidisciplinary Topology Optimization." Advanced Materials Research 466-467 (February 2012): 1212–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.466-467.1212.

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This paper presents an approach for solving the multidisciplinary topology optimization (MTO). To simplifying the description, a three-dimensional (3D) “heat transfer-thermal stress” coupling topology design problem is used as an instance to interpret the solving scheme. Unlike the common multiphysics topology optimization problem which usually modeled in a 3D domain or a 2D domain alternatively, the topology optimization problem mentioned in this paper has a 3D design domain (the design variable is referred as ρ1) and two 2D design domains (the design variable is referred as ρ2and ρ3) together in one mathematical model. Although all the model and solving method are based on a certain design instance, the solving scheme presented in this paper can be used as an efficient method for solving the boundary coupling MTO.

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Mahesh, V., P. V. Raja Shekar, P. Pramod Kumar, M. Kantha Reddy, and Vishvaksena Ravichandran. "Design Fixation: A Comparison between Native and Foreign Domains." Journal of Engineering Education Transformations 29, no. 2 (October 1, 2015): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.16920/jeet/2015/v29i2/83038.

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Raman, Senthilkumar, Gia Machaidze, Ariel Lustig, Vesna Olivieri, Ueli Aebi, and Peter Burkhard. "Design of Peptide Nanoparticles Using Simple Protein Oligomerization Domains." Open Nanomedicine Journal 2, no. 1 (April 2, 2009): 15–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1875933500902010015.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Design Domains'

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