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Quam, Andrea. "Fundamentals in Nature." VCU Scholars Compass, 2008. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1597.
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Ralph, David Paul. "Fundamentals of software design science." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29536.
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This dissertation comprises three essays on software design science, the philosophical, theoretical and empirical study of software creation and modification including its phenomenology, methodology and causality. The essays consider three limitations evident in the software design science literature: 1) lack of a precisely-defined, well-understood vocabulary; 2) difficulties surrounding empirical research; 3) lack of theory concerning the design process’s structure and organization.
The first essay presents an extensive review of definitions of design, revealing nontrivial disagreements regarding its nature and scope. Following this, a formal definition of design and a conceptual model of design projects are constructed. The definition incorporates seven elements – agent, object, environment, goals, primitives, requirements and constraints. The conceptual model views design projects as temporal trajectories of work systems, in which human agents design systems for stakeholders, using resources and tools. This provides a detailed, defensible basis for theoretical and empirical software design science research.
The second essay addresses the difficulties of empirical software design science research by elucidating a broad, bipolar conflict in design literature between two incompatible beliefs: 1) the belief that design is an innately cognitive, approximately rational, plan-centered activity (Reason-Centric Perspective); 2) the belief that design is an emergent phenomenon, improvised through continual interaction between agents and environments (Action-Centric Perspective). Each perspective is operationalized through a software design process theory: the Function-Behavior-Structure Framework (chosen for the Reason-Centric Perspective) and the Sensemaking-Coevolution-Implementation Framework (proposed for the Action-Centric Perspective).
The third essay presents a survey study comparing these perspectives and theories. Responses from 1384 software development professionals in 65 countries indicate that the Sensemaking-Coevolution-Implementation Framework more accurately describes the structure and organization of their design processes than the Function-Behavior-Structure Framework. Gender, education, experience, nationality, occupation, team size, project duration, firm size, methodologies in use, and the nature of the software had no measurable effect on this finding. This supports a theory of the design process’s structure and organization and facilitates several streams of empirical research including studies of design project success.
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Tarnoff, David. "Computer Organization and Design Fundamentals Series." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-oer/6.
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For all intents and purposes, this show is the fourth edition of the textbook Computer Organization and Design Fundamentals by David Tarnoff. Since the first edition came out in 2005, the PDFs have been made free for download to anyone interested in computer organization. With the trend toward audio and video instructional material, it was time for an update.
The presentation of the material in this series will be similar to that of the original textbook. In the first third, we will discuss the mathematical foundation and design tools that address the digital nature of computers. This will include an introduction to the differences between the physical world and the digital world, how those differences affect the way the computer represents and manipulates data, and the use and design of digital logic and logic gates. In the second third, the fundamentals of the digital logic and design will be used to design common circuits such as binary adders, describe checksums and cyclic redundancy checks, network addressing, storage devices, and state machines. The final third will examine the top-level view of the computer. This will include a discussion of the memory hierarchy and its components, the components of a CPU, and maybe even a discussion of assembly language along with some examples.https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-oer/1005/thumbnail.jpg
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Mauk, Tais. "Code Roads: Teaching Kids Coding Fundamentals With Tangible Interaction." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Designhögskolan vid Umeå universitet, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-134856.
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What if a computer wasn’t necessarily the best place for kids to learn the fundamentals of coding? A new wave of digital coding teaching tools has been ushered into America, with the country progressively gaining more interest in having kids learn code. The goal of this project has been to propose an alternative teaching method, one focused and tailored to students who learn best through kinesthetic and visual means. The approach has been to combine tangible interaction principles to help make the introductory stages of learning code as approachable and intuitive as possible. The final result of this thesis is a modular toy system which gradually introduces kids to the fundamentals of coding independent of a computer, prompting exploration and problem solving.
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Basnet, Subarna. "Modeling technical performance change using design fundamentals." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/103497.
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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2016.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 193-204).
Technical performance improvement exhibits exponential trends, but the rates of improvement for the 28 selected technological domains vary from 3 to 65%. Why does performance improve exponentially? Why do the improvement rates vary widely across the domains? This thesis presents a simple theoretical model that provides an explanatory foundation based on two sets of well-known design fundamentals. The first set conceptualizes inventions arising through combinatorial analogical transfer where new operating ideas are created by combining operating ideas from an existing pool of ideas. This inventive process proceeds on a cumulative basis over time and is perpetuated by injection of basic operating ideas through synergistic exchange between science and technology. The combinatorial analogical transfer coupled with exchange between science and technology naturally leads to exponential behavior. These operating ideas are then embedded in domain artifacts to improve technical performance. Interactions in artifacts and scaling of design variables - two domain specific effects from the second set of design fundamentals- modulate this process. Interactions in artifacts influence the ability of the domains to successfully assimilate the operating ideas. Assimilated ideas change design variables in the artifacts to improve their performance. The relative performance improvement depends on the scaling of design variables of the artifacts. Together these two domain parameters can potentially yield a wide variation in performance improvement rates. According to the model, higher domain interaction parameters retard, whereas higher scaling parameters accelerate, performance improvement rates. The model is shown to be consistent with what is known in the technical change literature. An empirical study tests the model's prediction that higher domain interactions retard performance improvement rates of technological domains. A method for extracting domain interactions using a keyword-based text-mining approach on patents is presented. High normalized counts of keywords representing domain interactions are found to be negatively correlated with low performance improvement rates, thus supporting the model positively. The thesis also presents an independent case study on performance improvement of permanent magnetic materials, and tests two regression models, which predict improvement rates using patent data. Performance of magnetic materials follows an exponential, but halting, improvement trend, and predicted rates from the regression models are consistent with prior result for the 28 technological domains.
by Subarna Basnet.
Ph. D.
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Kang, Suk Chae. "Fundamentals of solder interconnect wetting." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/16391.
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Cetin, Hasan Okan. "Fundamentals Of Architectural Design In Comparison To Filmmaking." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607669/index.pdf.
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The relation between architecture and cinema has begun with the first steps of the technology of moving images at the beginning of the 20th century and it has continued progressively until now by importing various intellectual, representational, and practical devices from each other in order to reconfigure their own systems of knowledge. In this investigation, the fundamental elements of architectural design and principles of their organization are used in the field of cinema as a methodological tool to analyze the compositional features of narrative, mise-en scene and editing/montage. First of all, the end products of both domains are conceived as a form of composition, and in this respect, the compatibility of their design dynamics is examined. Secondly, the fundamental design elements and principles of both architecture and cinema are defined. Finally, in order to redefine the design process of a film and to reveal the existence of fundamental principles of architectural design in the process of filmmaking, a comprehensive and comparative analysis is made between the two fields.
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Song, Peilin. "Robotic manipulator control, fundamentals of task space design." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ28063.pdf.
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Inampudi, Sivateja. "Teaching Fundamentals of Digital Logic Design and VLSI Design Using Computational Textiles." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc699874/.
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This thesis presents teaching fundamentals of digital logic design and VLSI design for freshmen and even for high school students using e-textiles. This easily grabs attention of students as it is creative and interesting. Using e-textiles to project these concepts would be easily understood by students at young age. This involves stitching electronic circuits on a fabric using basic components like LEDs, push buttons and so on. The functioning of these circuits is programmed in Lilypad Arduino. By using this method, students get exposed to basic electronic concepts at early stage which eventually develops interest towards engineering field.
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Battina, Brahmasree. "An Interactive Framework for Teaching Fundamentals of Digital Logic Design and VLSI Design." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc799495/.
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Integrated Circuits (ICs) have a broad range of applications in healthcare, military, consumer electronics etc. The acronym VLSI stands for Very Large Scale Integration and is a process of making ICs by placing millions of transistors on a single chip. Because of advancements in VLSI design technologies, ICs are getting smaller, faster in speed and more efficient, making personal devices handy, and with more features. In this thesis work an interactive framework is designed in which the fundamental concepts of digital logic design and VLSI design such as logic gates, MOS transistors, combinational and sequential logic circuits, and memory are presented in a simple, interactive and user friendly way to create interest in students towards engineering fields, especially Electrical Engineering and Computer Engineering. Most of the concepts are explained in this framework by taking the examples which we see in our daily lives. Some of the critical design concerns such as power and performance are presented in an interactive way to make sure that students can understand these significant concepts in an easy and user friendly way.
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Evju, Svein Erik. "Fundamentals of Grid Connected Photo-Voltaic Power Electronic Converter Design." Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Electrical Power Engineering, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-9558.
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In this master thesis the basic theory of grid connected photo-voltaic systems is explained, giving an introduction to the different aspects of system design. Starting with a look at the standards concerning grid connection of distributed resources, and working its way through how the photo-voltaic cells work, to how photo-voltaic modules with electrical converters can be arranged. Some different converter topologies suitable for use with photo-voltaics are found, and based on these topologies, solutions for how to control these converters have been examined. These controls involve methods for utilizing the maximum power from solar panels, methods for synchronizing with the grid and methods for current and voltage control. Based on this theory a system model is made, including an isolated current fed full bridge DC-DC converter in cascade with a three phase full bridge DC-AC converter having a LCL filter as grid interface. This model is simulated in Simulink and experiments are made on a laboratory setup, where focus has been on the control system. Therefore linear system models of the control system has been made, and these have formed a basis for the optimization of the control systems. The simulations have been made using Simulink, and the control system for the converters has been implemented in two DSP’s, one for each converter. The design and construction of the DC-DC converter has been made in this thesis, but it showed out to be more complicated then first assumed. Because of this, too little time was spent in the design of the circuit and too much time was spent on testing and correcting errors. It ended with a non-functional converter, and therefore the experiments made had to be done without the DC-DC converter. However the report shows that the isolated current fed full bridge DC-DC converter is a promising topology in photo-voltaic systems, and should be investigated closer. It is found in the simulations and experiments made, that the system models derived give a dynamic response close to the real, and are suitable for giving a basic understanding of the system dynamics and for optimizing the control system. The control system consists of a maximum power point tracker which effectively finds the point where the photo-voltaic modules delivers the highest power, and in order to synchronize to the grid voltage a phase locked loop is used, which locks the converter output to the grid voltage in less then 10ms. In order to control the power flow into the grid, current control in a rotating reference frame locked to the grid voltage is used. This has simplified the control since it gives DC-values stationary, and has made it possible to separately control the active and reactive power flow. Most of the tests made in the simulations and experiments have been made with operating conditions close to ideal. In order to verify how the system handles varying operating conditions, and to see if it coincides with the requirements in the standards, more extensive testing should be made of the system. This includes testing with varying irradiance of the solar panels, grid disturbances and grid failures.
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Sheng, Xing Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Thin-film silicon solar cells : photonic design, process and fundamentals." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/105936.
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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, 2012.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 153-159).
The photovoltaic technology has been attracting widespread attention because of its effective energy harvest by directly converting solar energy into electricity. Thin-film silicon solar cells are believed to be a promising candidate for further scaled-up production and cost reduction while maintaining the advantages of bulk silicon. The efficiency of thin-film Si solar cells critically depends on optical absorption in the silicon layer since silicon has low absorption coefficient in the red and near-infrared (IR) wavelength ranges due to its indirect bandgap nature. This thesis aims at understanding, designing, and fabricating novel photonic structures for efficiency enhancement in thin-film Si solar cells. We have explored a previously reported a photonic crystal (PC) based structure to improve light absorption in thin-film Si solar cells. The PC structure combines a dielectric grating layer and a distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) for effcient light scattering and reflection, increasing light path length in the thin-film cell. We have understood the operation principles for this design by using photonic band theories and electromagnetic wave simulations. we discover that this DBR with gratings exhibit unusual light trapping in a way different from metal reflectors and photonic crystals. The light trapping effects for the DBR with and without reflector are numerically investigated. The self-assembled anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) technique is introduced to non- lithographically fabricate the grating structure. We adjust the AAO structural parameters by using different anodization voltages, times and electrolytes. Two-step anodization is employed to obtain nearly hexagonal AAO pattern. The interpore periods of the fabricated AAO are calculated by fast Fourier transform (FFT) analysis. We have also demonstrated the fabrication of ordered patterns made of other materials like amorphous Si (a-Si) and silver by using the AAO membrane as a deposition mask. Numerical simulations predict that the fabricated AAO pattern exhibits light trapping performance comparable to the perfectly periodic grating layer. We have implemented the light trapping concepts combining the self-assembled AAO layer and the DBR in the backside of crystalline Si wafers. Photoconductivity measurements suggest that the light absorption is improved in the near-IR spectral range near the band edge of Si. Furthermore, different types of thin-film Si solar cells, including a-Si, mi- crocrystalline Si ([mu]-Si) and micromorph Si solar cells, are investigated. For demonstration, the designed structure is integrated into a 1:5 [mu]m thick [mu]c-Si solar cell. We use numerical simulations to obtain the optimal structure parameters for the grating and the DBR, and then we fabricate the optimized structures using the AAO membrane as a template. The prototype devices integrating our proposed backside structure yield a 21% improvement in efficiency. This is further verified by quantum efficiency measurements, which clearly indicate stronger light absorption in the red and near-IR spectral ranges. Lastly, we have explored the fundamental light trapping limits for thin-film Si solar cells in the wave optics regime. We develop a deterministic method to optimize periodic textures for light trapping. Deep and high-index-contrast textures exhibit strong anisotropic scattering that is outside the regime of validity of the Lambertian models commonly used to describe texture-induced absorption enhancement for normal incidence. In the weak ab- sorption regime, our optimized surface texture in two dimensions (2D) enhances absorption by a factor of 2.7[pi]n, considerably larger than the classical [pi]n Lambertian result and exceeding by almost 50% a recent generalization of Lambertian model for periodic structures in finite spectral range. Since the [pi]n Lambertian limit still applies for isotropic incident light, our optimization methodology can be thought of optimizing the angle/enhancement tradeoff for periodic textures. Based on a modified Shockley-Queisser theory, we conclude that it is possible to achieve more than 20% efficiency in a 1:5 [mu]m thick crystalline Si cell if advanced light trapping schemes can be realized.
by Xing Sheng.
Ph. D.
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Shokri, Hossein. "Fundamentals of Medium Access Control Design for Millimeter Wave Networks." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Reglerteknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-173231.
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In current wireless communication systems, demands for extremely high data rates, along with spectrum scarcity at the microwave bands, make the millimeter wave (mmWave) band very appealing to provide these extremely high data rates even for a massive number of wireless devices. MmWave communications exhibit severe attenuation, vulnerability to obstacles (called blockage), and sparse-scattering environments. Moreover, mmWave signals have small wavelengths that allow the incorporation of many antenna elements at the current size of radio chips. This leads to high directivity gains both at the transmitter and at the receiver, directional communications, and, more importantly, possible noise-limited operations as opposed to microwave networks that are mostly interference-limited. These fundamental differences between mmWave networks and legacy communication technologies challenge the classical design constraints, objectives, and available degrees of freedom. The natural consequence is the necessity of revisiting most of the medium access control (MAC) layer design principles for mmWave networks, which have so far received less attention in the literature than physical layer and propagation issues. To address this important research gap, this thesis investigates the fundamental MAC layer performance metrics, including coverage, fairness, connection robustness, collision probability, per-link throughput, area spectral efficiency, and delay. The original analysis proposed in this thesis suggests novel insights as to the solutions for many MAC layer issues such as resource allocation, interference management, random access, mobility management, and synchronization in future mmWave networks. A first thread of the thesis focuses on the fundamental performance analysis and mathematical abstraction of mmWave wireless networks to characterize their differences from conventional wireless networks, i.e., high directivity, line-of-sight communications, and occurrence of deafness (misalignment between transmitters and receivers). A mathematical framework to investigate the impact of beam training (alignment) overhead on the throughput is established, which leads to identify a new alignment-throughput tradeoff in mmWave networks. A novel blockage model that captures the angular correlation of line-of-sight conditions using a new notion of "coherence angle" is proposed. The coverage and delay of directional cell discovery are evaluated, and an optimization approach to maximize long-term throughput of users with fairness guarantees is proposed. In addition, this thesis develops a tractable approach to derive the collision probability, as a function of density of the transmitters, transmission power, density and size of the obstacles, operating beamwidth, and sensitivity of the receiver, among the main parameters. The collision probability allows deriving closed-form expressions for the per-link and network throughput of mmWave networks, and thereby identifying that, contrary to mainstream belief, these networks may exhibit a non-negligible transitional behavior of interference from a noise-limited to an interference-limited regime. The second thread of the thesis builds on the previous fundamental performance analysis and modeling to establish new, efficient MAC protocols. The derived collision probability is used to evaluate per-link throughput, area spectral efficiency, and delay performance of common MAC protocols such as TDMA and slotted ALOHA, and to provide a fundamental comparison between pros and cons of contention-free and contention-based MAC protocols. The results suggest the use of on-demand interference management strategy for future mmWave cellular networks and collision-aware hybrid MAC protocols for mmWave ad hoc networks to reliably deliver messages without sacrificing throughput and delay performance. Moreover, the transitional behavior, together with significant mismatch between transmission rates of control and data messages, imposes the development of new hybrid proactive and reactive control plane architecture. This thesis identifies the prolonged backoff time problem, which happens in mmWave networks due to blockage and deafness, and proposes a new collision notification signal to solve this problem. Motivated by the significant mismatch between coverage of the control and data planes along with delay analysis of directional cell search, a novel two-step synchronization procedure is proposed for mmWave cellular networks. Also, the impact of relaying and multi-hop communication to provide reliable mmWave connections, to alleviate frequent handovers, and to reduce the beam training overhead is investigated. The investigations of this thesis aim to demystify MAC layer performance of mmWave networks and to show the availability of many new degrees of freedom to improve the network performance, e.g., in terms of area spectral efficiency, energy efficiency, robustness, delay, coverage, and uniform quality of service provisioning. The results reveal many special behaviors of mmWave networks that are largely ignored in design approach of the current mmWave networks. Given that the standardization of mmWave wireless cellular networks has not started as yet, and that existing standards of mmWave ad hoc networks are highly sub-optimal, the results of this thesis will provide fundamental design guidelines that have the potential to be very useful for future mmWave standardizations.QC 20150907
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Bicen, Ahmet Ozan. "Fundamentals of molecular communication over microfluidic channels." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/55009.
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The interconnection of molecular machines with different functionalities to form molecular communication systems can increase the number of design possibilities and overcome the limited reliability of the individual molecular machines. Artificial information exchange using molecular signals would also expand the capabilities of single engineered cell populations by providing them a way to cooperate across heterogeneous cell populations for the applications of synthetic biology and lab-on-a-chip systems. The realization of molecular communication systems necessitates analysis and design of the communication channel, where the information carrying molecular signal is transported from the transmitter to the receiver. In this thesis, significant progress towards the use of microfluidic channels to interconnect molecular transmitter and receiver pairs is presented. System-theoretic analysis of the microfluidic channels are performed, and a finite-impulse response filter is designed using microfluidic channels. The spectral density of the propagation noise is studied and the additive white Gaussian noise channel model is developed. Memory due to inter-diffusion of the transmitted molecular signals is also modeled. Furthermore, the interference modeling is performed for multiple transmitters and its impact on the communication capacity is shown. Finally, the efficient sampling of the signal transduction by engineered bacterial receivers connected to a microfluidic channel is investigated for the detection of the pulse-amplitude modulated molecular signals. This work lays the foundation for molecular communication over microfluidic channels that will enable interconnection of engineered molecular machines.
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Bristow, Jessica K. "Chemical bonding in metal-organic frameworks : from fundamentals to design principles." Thesis, University of Bath, 2016. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.698964.
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Society is now dependent on the continued development and access to modern technology. Materials science therefore stands at the forefront of resolving and tuning functional materials properties, and designing technologies to improve our health, economy and environment. The content of this thesis covers a wide range of methods and approaches for understanding the chemical complexities, and tuneable properties of a unique subset of materials named metal-organic frameworks. The number of available precursor components for synthesising MOFs has led to a plethora of possible final crystal structures, with vast differences in observed material properties. The use of computational approaches in the prediction of potential functional frameworks, and also for resolving the origin behind observed phenomena, is essential for directing further work in the field. Work in this thesis includes the parameterisation of an approach that would allow a large-scale and cheap screening procedure of the thermodynamic properties of MOFs. Other work in this thesis includes the calculation of defective framework structures and the thermodynamics associated with their formation. Defects that occur in MOFs, when compared to inorganic binary materials such as oxides, can be considered as severe and non-dilute. The concentration and distribution of potential defects and the stability of the framework as a function of these factors, is a poorly understood area in the research field of MOFs. Finally, interfacing MOFs with surfaces is a relatively new approach for designing functional devices for applications such as gas absorption and photovoltaics. In this thesis we calculate interface binding sites and energetics of adhesion of an archetypal example of a MOF interfacing a metal oxide. Each approach and direction taken in the work forming this thesis were taken to resolve the theory behind observed phenomena in experiments, and to provide a platform for investigating the potential material properties of yet unsynthesised MOFs.
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Brewster, Karen, and Melissa Shafer. "Fundamentals of Theatrical Design: A Guide to the Basics of Scenic, Costume, and Lighting Design." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2011. http://amzn.com/1581158491.
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Script analysis for designers -- The objectives of theatrical design -- Researching the design -- Collaboration -- Design elements -- Design principles and visual composition -- Scenic design -- Costume design -- Lighting design -- Building a career in theater design.
With clear and concise examples and hands-on exercises, Fundamentals of Theatrical Design illustrates the way in which the three major areas of theatrical design--scenery, costumes, and lighting--are intrinsically linked. Veteran theater designers Karen Brewster and Melissa Shafer have consulted with a broad range of seasoned theater industry professionals--playwrights, actors, directors, producers, stage managers--to provide an exhaustive guide full of sound advice and insightful approaches to design. Form beginning designers just starting out to experienced directors looking to gain exposure and advance their careers, anyone with an interest in theatrical design is sure to appreciate this book's unique approach.https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu_books/1005/thumbnail.jpg
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Saunders, II Charles Phillip. "High Resolution Imaging Ground Penetrating Radar Design and Simulation." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/47806.
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This paper describes the design and simulation of a microwave band, high resolution imaging ground penetrating radar. A conceptual explanation is given on the mechanics of wave-based imaging, followed by the governing radar equations. The performance specifications for the imaging system are given as inputs to the radar equations, which output the full system specifications. Those specifications are entered into a MATLAB simulation, and the simulation results are discussed with respect to both the mechanics and the desired performance. Finally, this paper discusses limitations of the design, both with the simulations and anticipated issues if the device is fully realized.Master of Science
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Sabatke, Erin Marie. "Fundamentals of the optical design of multiple aperture telescopes with wide fields of view." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280201.
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This dissertation derives and demonstrates a new approach to the design of wide-field interferometric telescopes. The first part of this dissertation is a tutorial on multiple aperture systems. Design basics such as PSF and OTF, fill factors, resolution, and temporal coherence are investigated. We show that the perfect image for a multiple aperture system is the sum of an image from each aperture and a set of fringes from each pair of apertures. Four example systems are designed by applying the derived design rules. The first system is a rotationally-symmetric Paul system that is then segmented to make a four-aperture system. The low-order design rules in this system are shown to be automatically satisfied. The second system is an array of four afocal telescopes that share a three-mirror combining telescope. Fold flats are used in the inner two arms to satisfy the requirement that the axial pathlengths should match. Linear piston errors are eliminated by forcing the beam configuration into the combiner to be a scaled version of the afocal array. The angles of the fold flats are chosen to eliminate any constant tilt errors. As a third example, the design of a beam combiner for the Large Binocular telescope is explored. By applying the design rules, coherent imaging with a 1 arcminute field of view is achieved with just three reflections. Linear defocus errors appear, but are minimized by bringing the beams to focus as closely together as possible. The sine condition is satisfied for the axial rays so that the linear piston errors are zero. As a fourth example, a space telescope design is presented that utilizes a flat gossamer mirror technology. The system would consist of a primary array of flats, a shared secondary mirror, and a tertiary array with one mirror corresponding to each of the primary flats. Each branch of the system consists of a primary flat, the shared secondary, and a tertiary that brings the beam to the correct image point. The position of the tertiary is chosen to eliminate axial pathlength errors. The RMS wavefront error is calculated as a function of the system parameters. This gives an efficient method for exploring design space for the gossamer systems. The performance of a system of five flats is explored in this way. A few specific five-flat systems are modeled with full interferometric raytraces, and the results show good agreement with the Strehl values predicted by calculation of the RMS wavefront errors. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Hildebrandt, Andre [Verfasser]. "Design and fundamentals of optical nanoantennas for high intensity enhancement or high directivity / Andre Hildebrandt." Paderborn : Universitätsbibliothek, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1129252361/34.
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Harding, Bryan P. "Fundamentals of Mountain Resort Base Village Design: A Critical Review of Existing Resort Developments with Recommendations for Future Development Practices." DigitalCommons@USU, 2006. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/242.
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The North American ski industry has grown over the past century from a small, family-owned and -operated industry, to a multi-billion dollar industry dominated by corporate management organizations. The rise of corporate resort ownership has led to the trend of the construction base village developments at ski resorts around the country to attract guests, and therefore revenue, to their resorts. Though many base villages have been very successful in attracting skiers, examples of poor landscape architectural design practices abound in the industry. This study examines several design elements considered to be the "fundamental elements of designed space," applies these elements to base village design throughout the country, critically examines their implementation in built examples, and presents suggestions and recommendations for future mountain resort base village design practices.
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Llorca, Bofí Josep. "The generative, analytic and instructional capacities of sound in architecture : fundamentals, tools and evaluation of a design methodology." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/664194.
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The disciplines of space and time form two domains to which it is daring to compare, since it is obvious that they are of a different nature. Music happens in time, while architecture happens in space. However, from the first treatises on both architecture and music, repeated calls for comparison, complementarity and influence of both disciplines can be read, at least to the observation of certain common orders between the two domains. In this doctoral thesis we do not question this whole theoretical corpus that has been enriching the relationship between both disciplines. We received it and joined that stream of knowledge. What we do notice, however, is the almost impertinent question that follows: can sound help the architect in his daily tasks? And, therefore, what are the contributions of sound to the architect? To do this we must seek the connection in the principles of both arts, where we can detach ourselves from time and space, and approach the most universal of art forms.
The architect, in his daily work, is faced with three particular tasks: the architectural project, the architectural analysis and the teaching of architecture. Each of the three tasks is connected with the other two tasks: the project is carried out again with the analysis and transmitted to the new architect; the analysis supports the project decisions and gives tools to the disciple; and the teaching has the project as its purpose and the analysis as its method. The thesis presented here shows what sound offers to the task of the project, to that of analysis and to that of teaching. These three tasks are approached from three premises: theoretical foundations, tools and evaluation. The interaction of the three tasks with the three premises gives rise to nine lines of work that articulate the chapters of the thesis.
The first, fourth and seventh chapters approach the three tasks from the premise of theoretical foundations, foundations that perhaps because they are obvious, have been ignored or overlooked but which constitute the nature of both disciplines. The first shows, by the hand of two 20th century authors - the architect Dom Hans van der Laan and the composer Olivier Messiaen - that creation in both disciplines is of a systematic nature. The fourth one revaluates the analytical systems of representation of form both in architecture and in music which, starting with the basic characteristics of its elements, lead to a symbolic notation and a tool for the analysis of the work: the plan and the score. The seventh introduces the student of architecture to the growing separation between music and architecture that has been accentuated to this day.
The second, fifth and eighth chapters approach the three particular tasks from the premise of tools, working tools that help to understand more directly the influence of architecture on sound. The second places virtual reality and auralization techniques at the service of the architectural and urban planning project, enhancing the sound experience in these projects. The fifth deals with the acoustic analysis of exterior spaces and their relationship with the urban configuration of these spaces. The eighth section presents the study of acoustic heritage as an educational tool.
The third, sixth and ninth chapters deal with the three tasks from the premise of evaluation, a check that ensures the influence of sound on them through teaching experiments. The third argues and exemplifies that a sound landscape can be the engine and generator of an architectural design. The sixth one reviews the methods for evaluating the subjective and objective parameters of architectural acoustics. The ninth shows that in teaching sound to architects, "learning by listening" should be given priority over "passive learning".Las disciplinas del espacio y del tiempo forman dos dominios a los que resulta atrevido comparar, pues es obvio que son de naturaleza distinta. La música ocurre en el tiempo, mientras que la arquitectura en el espacio. No obstante, desde los primeros tratados tanto de arquitectura como de música, se pueden leer repetidas llamadas a la comparación, al complemento y a la influencia de ambas disciplinas, cuanto menos a la constatación de ciertos órdenes comunes entre ambos dominios. En esta tesis doctoral no ponemos en cuestión todo este corpus teórico que ha venido enriqueciendo la relación entre ambas disciplinas. La recibimos y nos unimos a esa corriente de conocimiento. En lo que sí reparamos, en cambio, es en la pregunta casi impertinente que surge seguidamente: ¿puede el sonido ayudar al arquitecto en sus tareas diarias? Y, por tanto, ¿cuáles son las contribuciones del sonido para el arquitecto? Para ello debemos buscar la conexión en los principios de ambas artes, allí donde podemos despegarnos del tiempo y del espacio, y acercarnos a la más universal de las formas de arte. El arquitecto, en su tarea diaria, se enfrenta a tres tareas particulares: el proyecto arquitectónico, el análisis arquitectónico y la enseñanza de la arquitectura. Cada una de las tres tareas está conectada con las otras dos: el proyecto se reconduce con el análisis y se transmite al nuevo arquitecto; el análisis soporta las decisiones de proyecto y da herramientas al discípulo; y la enseñanza tiene como fin el proyecto y como método el análisis. La tesis aquí presentada pone de manifiesto lo que el sonido ofrece a la tarea del proyecto, a la del análisis y a la de la enseñanza. Estas tres tareas son abordadas desde tres premisas: los fundamentos teóricos, las herramientas y la evaluación. La interacción de las tres tareas con las tres premisas da lugar a nueve líneas de trabajo que articulan los capítulos de la tesis. Los capítulos primero, cuarto y séptimo abordan las tres tareas desde la premisa de los fundamentos teóricos, fundamentos que quizá por ser obvios, se han obviado o pasado por alto pero que constituyen la naturaleza de ambas disciplinas. El primero muestra, de la mano de dos autores del siglo XX ?el arquitecto Dom Hans van der Laan y el compositor Olivier Messiaen- que la creación en ambas disciplinas es de naturaleza sistemática. El cuarto revaloriza los sistemas analíticos de representación de la forma tanto en arquitectura como en música que, empezando por las características básicas de sus elementos, conducen a una notación simbólica y una herramienta de análisis de la obra: el plano y la partitura. El séptimo presenta al estudiante de arquitectura la creciente separación entre la música y la arquitectura que se ha venido acentuando hasta nuestros días. Los capítulos segundo, quinto y octavo abordan las tres tareas particulares desde la premisa de las herramientas, útiles de trabajo que ayudan a comprender de modo más directo la influencia de la arquitectura en el sonido. El segundo sitúa la realidad virtual y las técnicas de auralización al servicio del proyecto de arquitectura y urbanismo, potenciando la experiencia sonora en estos proyectos. El quinto aborda el análisis acústico de espacios exteriores y su relación con la configuración urbana de estos espacios. El octavo presenta el estudio del patrimonio acústico como herramienta pedagógica. Los capítulos tercero, sexto y noveno abordan las tres tareas desde la premisa de la evaluación, comprobación que asegura mediante experimentos docentes la influencia del sonido en ellas. El tercero argumenta y ejemplifica que un paisaje sonoro puede ser el motor y generador de un diseño arquitectónico. El sexto realiza una revisión de los métodos de evaluación de los parámetros subjetivos y objetivos de la acústica arquitectónica. El noveno muestra que en la enseñanza del sonido para los arquitectos debe priorizarse "aprender escuchando" antes que el "aprendizaje pasivo".
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Li, Cong. "Gamification in Foreign Language Education: Fundamentals for a Gamified Design of Institutional Programs for Chinese as a Foreign Language." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1534728851596305.
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Giraud, Florine. "Vaporization of water at subatmospheric pressure : Fundamentals of boiling phenomena and path towards the design of compact evaporators for sorption chillers." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAL0109/document.
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Afin d’optimiser la taille et le coût des évaporateurs basse pression utilisés dans les systèmes de climatisation à sorption, une bonne connaissance des phénomènes de vaporisation du fluide frigorigène tels qu’ils pourraient se produire dans ces évaporateurs est nécessaire. Cependant très peu d’études portent sur ce sujet et il y a un sérieux manque de données concernant les phénomènes de vaporisation (ébullition et évaporation) qui pourraient se produire dans des évaporateurs compacts basse pression. Le but de cette étude est donc d’aller plus loin dans la compréhension de ces phénomènes aussi bien d’un point de vue très fondamental que d’un point de vue applicatif. Dans cette optique, deux bancs d’essais ont été réalisés. Le premier banc d’essais permet d’étudier le comportement de l’eau dans une configuration d’ébullition en vase à une pression pouvant atteindre 0.8 kPa. À ces basses pressions, l’influence de la hauteur hydrostatique ne peut être négligée. Cette spécificité du milieu d’ébullition a une influence non négligeable sur la taille et la forme des bulles : cette influence est analysée. Les courbes d’ébullition pour des pressions allant de 0.8 kPa à 100 kPa sont tracées. L’ébullition en vase de l’eau dans un premier temps sans puis avec confinement est également étudiée. Des courbes d’ébullition sont tracées pour différentes pressions de vapeur et différentes hauteur de la colonne d’eau. Puis, six différents espaces de confinement sont testés pour des pressions allant de 1.2 kPa à 5 kPa. Un régime d’ébullition spécifique à la basse pression est observé. L’influence de l’apparition de ce régime sur le transfert de chaleur est montrée. Le deuxième banc expérimental permet d’observer la vaporisation de l’eau dans un canal d’évaporateur à plaques de dimension standard (0.2 m de large x 0.5 m de haut) dans des conditions similaires à celles obtenues dans une climatisation à absorption (pressions de travail variant de 16 kPa à 0.85 kPa, remplissage de la plaque variant de 1/2 à1/10 de la hauteur totale de la plaque). Un plan d’expérience est réalisé pour un espacement entre deux plaques de 2 mm et 4 mm. Trois principaux régimes d’ébullition ont été identifiés ainsi que trois différentes zones de travail: une zone d’ébullition en vase, une zone d’évaporation en film et une zone de vapeur. Il a été mis en évidence que la majorité du transfert de chaleur a lieu dans la zone d’évaporation en film. Le film observé dans cette partie est créé suite à la rupture de la membrane d’une bulle de plusieurs centimètres ayant pris naissance dans la partie d’ébullition en vase. Des puissances frigorifiques allant de 0 à 503 W ont été mesurées. Les conditions pour obtenir la meilleure puissance frigorifique possible sont déterminées. Enfin, dans une première tentative vers un dimensionnement des échangeurs compacts basse pression, des premières réflexions basées sur des nombres adimensionnels ont été proposésIn order to be able to design properly low pressure evaporators for sorption chillers, knowledge on vaporization of the refrigerant under conditions that might occur in these evaporators is fundamental. However, few studies focus on this subject and there is a lack of knowledge about vaporization (boiling or evaporation) phenomena occurring in compact evaporator at low pressure. The aim of the present thesis is thus to go further into the understanding of these phenomena both from a fundamental point of view and from an applicative point of view. In that goal, two experimental test setups were designed and built. The first experimental setup allows the observation of the water behavior at a pressure down to 0.8 kPa in pool boiling configuration. As the hydrostatic pressure is of the same order of magnitude as the vapor pressure, the boiling environment is highly subcooled. This unusual environment has an influence on the bubble size and on the bubble growth: its influence is analyzed. Boiling curves for pressures ranging from 0.8 kPa to 100 kPa were also plotted. Then, in order to be closer to a plate-type heat exchanger configuration, water pool-boiling in vertical configuration first without and then with confinement was studied. Boiling curves for a pressure ranging from 1.2 kPa to 5 kPa, different heights of the liquid level and for different channel thicknesses were plotted and analyzed. The occurrence of a specific boiling regime is observed. The influence of the onset of this specific regime on the heat transfer is shown. The significance of the Bond number, often used in study of boiling in confined space, is also discussed. The second experimental setup allows the observation of the water vaporization inside a channel of a smooth plate-type heat exchanger (0.2 m width x 0.5 m height) in conditions that might occur in sorption chillers (working pressure ranging from 16 kPa to 0.85 kPa, secondary fluid temperature ranging from 10.9 to 23.1 °C, filling ratio ranging from 1/2 to 1/10 of the whole channel height). The methodology of the design of experiments was followed for a thickness of the channel equal to 2 mm and 4 mm. Three mains flow regimes were observed and three different working areas were identified: a pool boiling area, a film evaporation area and a vapor area. The major part of the cooling capacity achieved is obtained in the film evaporation area. In this part, the creation of a liquid film due to the splashing of droplets is observed. These droplets come from the breaks of the membrane of a previously formed large bubble of several centimeters in the pool boiling area, few centimeters above the free surface. Cooling capacities ranging from 0 to 503 W were measured and conditions to obtain the best cooling capacity were determined. Finally, in order to provide some first guidelines for the design of low pressure evaporators, reflexions based on dimensionless numbers are proposed
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Pulgarin, Monsalve Isabel Cristina [Verfasser], and Marion [Gutachter] Martienssen. "Fundamentals of process design and control of Anaerobic Sequencing Batch Gas-Lift reactor regarding the mixing process / Isabel Cristina Pulgarin Monsalve ; Gutachter: Marion Martienssen." Cottbus : BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1238598072/34.
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Iglesias, Gonzalez Maria [Verfasser]. "Gaseous Hydrocarbon Synfuels from H2/CO2 based on Renewable Electricity Kinetics, Selectivity and Fundamentals of Fixed-Bed Reactor Design for Flexible Operation / María Iglesias González." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1084386763/34.
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Iglesias, Gonzalez Maria [Verfasser], and G. [Akademischer Betreuer] Schaub. "Gaseous Hydrocarbon Synfuels from H2/CO2 based on Renewable Electricity - Kinetics, Selectivity and Fundamentals of Fixed-Bed Reactor Design for Flexible Operation / Maria Iglesias Gonzalez. Betreuer: G. Schaub." Karlsruhe : KIT-Bibliothek, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1081722134/34.
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Michael, Richard J. "Restriking the Vitruvian Balance in Residential Architecture through the Incorporation of Sustainable and Regionally Appropriate Design Fundamentals: Designing, Building and Operating a Passive Solar Residence in the Sonoran Desert." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/190385.
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The purpose of this paper is to analyze the impacts on architectural form, function, and appearance of a case study residence in which the concepts of sustainability and sustainable architecture were incorporated as one of the primary design fundamentals. The case study residence located in the arid southwestern United States is an approximately 2,068 square foot home built for a family of five with four bedrooms and two bathrooms and a separate attached guest bedroom and bath. This paper will provide an overview and analysis of the residence in terms of: 1) the original project values and goals as represented by the design and computer energy modeling process and 2) the project results as captured by the qualities (structural and aesthetic) of the final constructed physical form and its post-occupancy quantitative performance (functional, spatial, and resource conservation) as measured by the home’s over two years of monitoring and use.
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Ngo, Hien Quoc. "Massive MIMO: Fundamentals and System Designs." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Kommunikationssystem, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-112780.
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The last ten years have seen a massive growth in the number of connected wireless devices. Billions of devices are connected and managed by wireless networks. At the same time, each device needs a high throughput to support applications such as voice, real-time video, movies, and games. Demands for wireless throughput and the number of wireless devices will always increase. In addition, there is a growing concern about energy consumption of wireless communication systems. Thus, future wireless systems have to satisfy three main requirements: i) having a high throughput; ii) simultaneously serving many users; and iii) having less energy consumption. Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology, where a base station (BS) equipped with very large number of antennas (collocated or distributed) serves many users in the same time-frequency resource, can meet the above requirements, and hence, it is a promising candidate technology for next generations of wireless systems. With massive antenna arrays at the BS, for most propagation environments, the channels become favorable, i.e., the channel vectors between the users and the BS are (nearly) pairwisely orthogonal, and hence, linear processing is nearly optimal. A huge throughput and energy efficiency can be achieved due to the multiplexing gain and the array gain. In particular, with a simple power control scheme, Massive MIMO can offer uniformly good service for all users. In this dissertation, we focus on the performance of Massive MIMO. The dissertation consists of two main parts: fundamentals and system designs of Massive MIMO. In the first part, we focus on fundamental limits of the system performance under practical constraints such as low complexity processing, limited length of each coherence interval, intercell interference, and finite-dimensional channels. We first study the potential for power savings of the Massive MIMO uplink with maximum-ratio combining (MRC), zero-forcing, and minimum mean-square error receivers, under perfect and imperfect channels. The energy and spectral efficiency tradeoff is investigated. Secondly, we consider a physical channel model where the angular domain is divided into a finite number of distinct directions. A lower bound on the capacity is derived, and the effect of pilot contamination in this finite-dimensional channel model is analyzed. Finally, some aspects of favorable propagation in Massive MIMO under Rayleigh fading and line-of-sight (LoS) channels are investigated. We show that both Rayleigh fading and LoS environments offer favorable propagation. In the second part, based on the fundamental analysis in the first part, we propose some system designs for Massive MIMO. The acquisition of channel state information (CSI) is very importantin Massive MIMO. Typically, the channels are estimated at the BS through uplink training. Owing to the limited length of the coherence interval, the system performance is limited by pilot contamination. To reduce the pilot contamination effect, we propose an eigenvalue-decomposition-based scheme to estimate the channel directly from the received data. The proposed scheme results in better performance compared with the conventional training schemes due to the reduced pilot contamination. Another important issue of CSI acquisition in Massive MIMO is how to acquire CSI at the users. To address this issue, we propose two channel estimation schemes at the users: i) a downlink "beamforming training" scheme, and ii) a method for blind estimation of the effective downlink channel gains. In both schemes, the channel estimation overhead is independent of the number of BS antennas. We also derive the optimal pilot and data powers as well as the training duration allocation to maximize the sum spectral efficiency of the Massive MIMO uplink with MRC receivers, for a given total energy budget spent in a coherence interval. Finally, applications of Massive MIMO in relay channels are proposed and analyzed. Specifically, we consider multipair relaying systems where many sources simultaneously communicate with many destinations in the same time-frequency resource with the help of a massive MIMO relay. A massive MIMO relay is equipped with many collocated or distributed antennas. We consider different duplexing modes (full-duplex and half-duplex) and different relaying protocols (amplify-and-forward, decode-and-forward, two-way relaying, and one-way relaying) at the relay. The potential benefits of massive MIMO technology in these relaying systems are explored in terms of spectral efficiency and power efficiency.
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Montgomery, Sean J. (Sean Joseph) 1979. "Competitive physics : teaching fundamental principles through design." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/89928.
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Carneiro, Gabriela Pereira. "Arquitetura interativa: contextos, fundamentos e design." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/16/16134/tde-30062014-095124/.
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Este trabalho trata da relação entre arquitetura e tecnologia digital, a partir da constatação de que a capacidade de processamento digital de informações está se espalhando não apenas pela adoção e uso de aparatos computacionais pelas pessoas, mas também por meio de sua inserção em objetos e lugares. Neste contexto, fornece bases para o entendimento e o design da arquitetura interativa, um tipo de espaço físico que pressupõe a implementação de interações viabilizadas por processadores de informação digital. Para tal, o trabalho é dividido em três partes: contexto, fundamentos e design. Na primeira, fornece chaves de leitura para o entendimento de instâncias com as quais a arquitetura interativa dialoga, colocando-a, não como uma consequência do desenvolvimento tecnológico e, sim, parte de um contexto maior, complexo e conectado. Especificamente, aborda a interrelação entre os contextos ideológico, tecnológico e sócioespacial. Na segunda parte, explora a arquitetura interativa enquanto consequência da incorporação da tecnologia no produto arquitetônico, para depois analisar aspectos que conferem coerência a ela enquanto uma forma particular de intervenção e de manifestação. A terceira parte aborda as principais questões motivadoras desta pesquisa, a saber: o design da arquitetura interativa e as contribuições que o design de interação pode fornecer a esse tipo de prática. Por fim, são esboçados parâmetros -- elementos conceituais passíveis de serem manipulados -- para guiar o design da arquitetura interativa. Entre outras utilidades, a função desses parâmetros é ampliar o vocabulário e os modos de trabalho da arquitetura como um todo. No geral, a aproximação realizada foi um meio de explorar e entender um pouco mais o mundo tecnológico que vivemos. Assim, a motivação de entender o que é necessário para projetar a arquitetura interativa, ou seja, para incluir a tecnologia em seu produto, pressupõe discussões que alargam o campo da arquitetura. Inclui nele, a possibilidade e necessidade de que arquitetos atuem, além de consumidores dessa tecnologia, como protagonistas ativos em sua conformação.This work delas with the relation between architecture and technology, from the observation that, the potential of digital information processing is spreading, not only through the adoption and use of computing devices by people, but also, their addition on objects and places. Within this context, this study provides basis for the understanding and design of interactive architecture, a type of physical space that compels the implementation of interactions, enabled by digital information processors. To achieve this, the work is divided into three parts: context, fundamentals and design. At the first part, Reading keys to understand instances with which the interactive architecture dialogues are provided. This type of spaces is understood, not as a consequence of technological development, but as part of a bigger, complex and connected context. Specifically, it adresses the interrelation between the ideological, technological and socio--spatial contexts. The second part, explores the topic of interactive architecture, as a result of technology introduction into the architectural product, and then, analyzes some aspects that give coherence to it as a specific form of intervention and expression. The third part, adresses the main issues that motivated this research, namely the design process of interactive architecture and the contributions that interaction design can provide this type of practice. Finally, nine parameters -- conceptual elements capable of being manipulated -- are outlined to guide the design of interactive architecture. Among other uses, the function of these parameters is to expand the vocabular and methods of architecture practice as a whole. Overall, the approach adopted is a means to explore and understand more about the technological world we live. The motivation to understand what is required to design the interactive architecture, that is, to include the technology in the final product, presupposes discussions that broaden the architectural field. It includes within it, the possibility and need for architects to act, beyond consumers of this technology, as active protagonists in their conformation.
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Campos, Joaquim de Salles Redig de. "Fundamentos do Design de Aloísio Magalhães: Design BR 1970." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2007. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1280.
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Aloísio Magalhães foi um dos iniciadores do Design brasileiro na prática profissional, no ensino acadêmico, na institucionalização da atividade, e na reflexão sobre sua natureza técnica , e social. O seu projeto para a Petrobrás desenvolvido entre 1970 e 72, realizado por seu escritório no auge da sua carreira como designer, é o melhor testemunho da sua ação nesse campo, pela importância desta companhia para o país, pela abrangência do projeto (do cartão de visita aos tanques de refinarias) metodológica e mesmo lingüística que representou-se podemos estender este termo à linguagem visual. Particularmente disponho de posição única para realizar esta pesquisa, por ter trabalhado grande parte de minha vida profissional com Aloísio, por ter trabalhado especificamente e intensamente neste projeto, e ainda por não ter participado de sua concepção inicial. Além disso, tenho desde então atuado como designer nesta área de distribuição de petróleo, e acumulado informação sobre este mercado ao longo de 3 décadas, o que me ofereceu vasto material de análise. Por isso, embora meu foco seja o projeto de Aloísio e equipe em 1970, para compreende-lo é fundamental analisar o que havia antes e o que veio depois, o que permaneceu do projeto, e o que mudou.
Deste estudo tiro 2 conclusões principais: 1) Que o projeto de sistemas gráficos ou de produtos é a forma do designer resolver o paradoxo entre necessidades opostas do processo de design, como a diversidade dos objetos de comunicação visual de uma empresa e sua unidade visual. 2) Que o processo de trabalho de Aloísio Magalhães oferece rico material de análise sobre o processo de Design..Aloísio Magalhães was one of the founders of Brazilian design, in different levels concerning the implementation of this discipline: the professional practice, the academic training, the institutionalization of the activity and the definition of its technical and social role. The project for Petrobras, developeded by his office between 1970 and 72, when he was at the top of his career as a designer, is the main evidence of his action in this field, due to the importance of this company to Brazil, to the scope of the project (from visiting cards to oil refinery tanks), to its implementation throughout the country, and to the many different levels of its innovative character formal, technical, methodological and even linguistic, if we extend this term to Visual Communication.I occupy a particular position to do this research, because I worked in Aloisios office for a long period of my professional life, and although having collaborated intensively with the Petrobras project, I didnt participate of its initial conception. Furthermore, since then I have been involved, as a designer, in the field of oil distribution, gathering information on this market along 3 decades, what has offered me extensive analysis material. Therefore, although my focus is in the project developed by Aloisio and his team in 1970, in order to understand it properly, its important to observe what came before, what remained from the project, and what changed afterwards.From this study I can take 2 basic conclusions:1) The development of products and graphic systems can help the designer to solve the paradox between opposite needs of the Design process, like the diversity of the visual communication objects natural to a large corporation and the need of a visual unity.2) Aloísio Magalhães working process of can offer us a rich material for the analysis of the Design process.
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Minero, Paolo. "Large wireless networks fundamental limits and design issues /." Diss., [La Jolla] : University of California, San Diego, 2010. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3404638.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2010.Title from first page of PDF file (viewed June 11, 2010). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Feijo, Bruno. "Fundamental steps towards an intelligent CAD system in structural steel." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/47057.
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Araújo, Sharlene Melanie Martins de. "Fundamentos geométricos aplicados em design de marcas." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2015. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/132973.
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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Design e Expressão Gráfica, Florianópolis, 2015Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-19T04:08:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 333532.pdf: 1972203 bytes, checksum: bcb6f08cf304b7148f1b730797c5bb2b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015
O presente estudo observa a aplicação da proporção áurea no desenho das marcas gráficas institucionais e comerciais, enfocando a continuidade da tradição que relaciona Geometria e Design. O objetivo é evidenciar a aplicação de fundamentos e recursos geométricos relacionados à proporção áurea, em projetos de Design de marcas gráficas, por meio de uma pesquisa do tipo descritivo-qualitativa. Porém, primeiramente, considera-se de maneira geral a interação entre mimetismo e idealização, no contexto histórico de aplicação dos recursos geométrico-matemáticos, nas áreas de Arte, Arquitetura e Design. Em seguida, apresenta-se um recorte da teorização sobre a cultura das marcas na dinâmica da sociedade de consumo, complementando-se com a descrição das informações pesquisadas na rede Internet sobre o desenho e o mercado das marcas. De modo específico, o objeto material do estudo é composto pelo desenho de três marcas: Apple, Google e Toyota, selecionadas entre as dez mais bem avaliadas no mercado internacional. Os desenhos das marcas Apple e Toyota já eram relacionados à proporção áurea em websites na rede Internet e no desenho da marca Google foi observada uma aproximação entre a geometria que estrutura o desenho de parte do logotipo e a proporção áurea. Em síntese, o estudo realizado permitiu descrever relações diretas ou aproximadas entre a proporção áurea e a estruturação geométrica do desenho de marcas gráficas, evidenciando a continuidade da relação entre a tradição geométrica e os projetos de Design.
Abstract: This study looks at the application of the golden ratio in the Design of institutional and commercial graphic brands, focusing on the continuity of tradition that relates Geometry and Design. The goal is to show the fundamental application of geometric features related to the golden ratio, in logo design projects through a qualitative and descriptive survey. Firstly, it considers the interaction between mimicry and idealization, in the historical context of the Application of geometric-mathematical resources in the areas of Art, Architecture and Design. Secondly, it presents a focused theory about the culture of the brands in the dynamics of consumer society. It contemplates and describes the information sought on the Internet is about the draw and market of the brands. Specifically, the material object is composed of three brand design: Apple, Google and Toyota, selected among the ten best evaluated in the international market. The designs of the Apple brand and Toyota were already related to the golden ratio on websites on the Internet and Google's brand image has observed a connection between the geometry structure of the logo design and the golden ratio. In summary, the study allowed us to describe direct or approximate relations between the golden ratio and the geometric structure of the design of graphic brands, showing the continuity of the relationship between the geometric tradition and Design project.
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Snyder, Scott D. "A fundamental study of active noise control system design /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1991. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phs675.pdf.
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Chatawut, Chanvanichskul. "Fundamental Study on Design and Stability of Tunnel Structures." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/123480.
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Siu, Kin Wai Michael. "Problem finding : a critical and fundamental element in design." Thesis, University of Bath, 2007. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.441462.
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Ngo, Khac Hoang. "Non-coherent wireless communications : fundamental limits and system design." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASC031.
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Dans les communications sans fil sur des canaux à évanouissement, en particulier à antennes multiples, la connaissance instantanée des coefficients de canal, appelés informations d’état de canal (CSI), est essentielle car elle permet d’adapter la transmission et la réception aux conditions actuelles du canal. La communication avec CSI a priori au niveau du récepteur est dite cohérente. En pratique, cependant, le CSI n’est pas disponible avant la communication et doit être estimé à un coût qui ne doit pas être ignoré, en particulier dans un environnement hautement mobile. Ainsi, la communication sans CSI a priori, également appelée communication noncohérente, est un cadre plus pratique et général. Cette thèse contribue à la compréhension des limites théoriques des communications noncohérentes, ainsi qu’à la conception d’un système de communication pratique noncohérent à évanouissement par bloc. Nous considérons trois scénarios: le canal point à point (P2P), le canal à accès multiple (MAC) et le canal de diffusion (BC).Dans la première partie, nous étudions les limites fondamentales des communications noncohérentes en termes de débit de données et de degrés de liberté (DoF) réalisables. Nous considérons un évanouissement par bloc générique dans lequel le canal a une entropie différentielle finie et un second moment fini. Nous établissons d’abord le DoF optimal pour le canal P2P noncohérent à entrées multiples et sorties multiples (MIMO) en utilisant l’approche de la dualité pour borner les informations mutuelles. Deuxièmement, en utilisant une approche de dualité similaire, nous dérivons la région de DoF optimale pour le MAC SIMO à deux utilisateurs, qui peut être obtenue par partage de temps entre des schémas à pilotes simples. Troisième, nous dérivons les régions débit et DoF réalisable pour le BC MIMO noncohérent avec un évanouissement spatialement corrélé en exploitant la diversité de corrélation de transmission, qui est la différence entre la corrélation subie par différents utilisateurs. Ce faisant, nous concevons soigneusement des schémas de transmission basés sur des pilotes et sur le partage de débit, la superposition de produits et une combinaison de ceux-ci pour transmettre efficacement des signaux dans les parties communes et mutuellement exclusives des sous-espaces de corrélation. Dans la deuxième partie, nous concevons la constellation et les schémas de détection efficaces pour les communications noncohérentes sur le canal d’évanouissement de type Rayleigh par bloc. Premièrement, nous proposons une constellation Grassmannienne structurée pour le canal P2P SIMO qui est simple à générer, a une efficacité d’empilement élevée, admet un étiquetage binaire simple mais efficace et permet une détection efficace douce et dure. Deuxièmement, nous étudions la conception de constellation conjointe pour le MAC MIMO. Nous introduisons des critères de conception simples et efficaces afin de minimiser l’erreur de détection conjointe et proposons quelques constructions de constellation simples. Troisièmement, nous proposons un schéma de détection souple multi-utilisateurs noncohérent pour le MAC SIMO à l’évanouissement de Rayleigh corrélé spatialement basé sur l’inférence approximative par propagation d’espérance. Ce schéma présente une complexité polynomiale dans la dimension du canal tout en produisant des marginaux postérieurs approximatifs par utilisateur précis conduisant à des performances d’erreur quasi-optimalesIn wireless communication over fading channels, especially multiple-antenna communication, the instantaneous knowledge of channel coefficients, so-called channel state information (CSI), is critical because it enables to adapt the transmission and reception to current channel conditions. The communication with a priori CSI at the receiver is said to be coherent. In practice, however, CSI is not granted for free prior to communication and needs to be estimated at a cost that should not be ignored, especially in a highly mobile environment. Thus, communication without a priori CSI, also known as noncoherent communication, is a more practical and general framework. This thesis contributes to the understanding of the theoretical limits of noncoherent communications, as well as the design of a practical noncoherent communication system in block fading. We consider three scenarios: the point-topoint (P2P) channel, the multiple-access channel (MAC), and the broadcast channel (BC).In the first part, we study the fundamental limits of noncoherent communications in terms of achievable data rate and degrees of freedom (DoF). We consider generic block fading in which the channel has finite differential entropy and finite second moment. First, we derive the optimal DoF for the noncoherent multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) P2P channel by using the duality approach to bound the input-output mutual information. Second, using a similar duality approach, we derive the optimal DoF region for the two-user noncoherent single-input multiple-output (SIMO) MAC, which can be achieved by time sharing between simple pilot-based schemes. Third, we derive achievable rate and DoF regions for the noncoherent MIMO BC with spatially correlated fading by exploiting the transmit correlation diversity, which is the difference between the correlation experienced by different users. In doing so, we carefully design pilot-based transmission schemes based on rate splitting, product superposition, and a combination of them to effectively transmit signals in both the common and mutually exclusive parts of the correlation subspaces. In the second part, we design the constellation and efficient detection schemes for noncoherent communications over Rayleigh block fading channel. First, we propose a structured Grassmannian constellation for the SIMO P2P channel that is simple to generate, has high packing efficiency, admits a simple yet effective binary labeling, and allows for efficient soft and hard detection. Second, we investigate joint constellation design for the MIMO MAC. We introduce some simple and effective design criteria so as to minimize the joint detection error, and propose some simple constellation constructions. Third, we propose a noncoherent multi-user soft detection scheme for the SIMO MAC in spatially correlated Rayleigh fading based on expectation propagation approximate inference. This scheme has polynomial complexity in the channel dimension while producing accurate approximate per-user posterior marginals leading to near-optimal error performance
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邢山震 and Shanzhen Xing. "A fundamental study on prototyping flexible computing systems." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31239547.
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Xing, Shanzhen. "A fundamental study on prototyping flexible computing systems /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B20568356.
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Alves, Marcia Maria. "Design de animações educacionais : modelo para concpeção colaborativa de animações educacionais para o Ensino Fundamental." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/46362.
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Orientador: Prof. Dr. André L. BattaiolaCoorientador: Prof. Dr. Adriano Heemann
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Artes, Comunicação e Design, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Design. Defesa: Curitiba, 20/02/2017
Inclui referências : f. 251-260
Área de concentração : Sistemas de informação
Resumo: O uso de animações gráficas para a educação tem se popularizado devido a vários fatores que contribuíram para facilitar a sua confecção e a sua utilização em sala de aula. A animação pode auxiliar no aprendizado tanto no âmbito lúdico quanto no cognitivo. Isso depende das funções e dos objetivos com que esse recurso é construído e do processo de design empregado pelos seus desenvolvedores. Neste ponto, surge um problema: o processo de design dessas animações pode ser realizado de diversas formas e pode envolver diversos elementos, variáveis e profissionais necessários para viabilizar uma animação que se comporte como um objeto de aprendizagem dotado de significados e inserido no ambiente educacional. No entanto, não foi encontrado um processo de design que trabalhe de forma integrada com grande parte dos elementos necessários para a confecção deste tipo de animação, bem como tenha orientação centrada no aprendiz e que, ainda, promova processos de trabalho colaborativo. Note-se que, normalmente, os modelos são pontuais, lineares, não incluem o usuário e não são integrados. Assim, todas estas lacunas no processo de design de uma animação educacional motivaram a realização desta pesquisa. Neste contexto, esta pesquisa propõe uma solução para o seguinte problema: Como conceber colaborativamente uma animação educacional para o ensino fundamental? Assim, seu objetivo geral é propor um modelo para a concepção colaborativa de animações educacionais para o ensino fundamental a partir da literatura, da prática e dos stakeholders. As principais motivações para esta pesquisa são: a necessidade de melhorias na produção de animações enquanto objetos de aprendizagem; a demanda por objetos ligados às teorias de aprendizagem emergentes e de tecnologias educacionais; a necessidade de ampliar a motivação nas tarefas escolares; a necessidade de diálogo interdisciplinar entre educação e design; a necessidade de colaboração entre os desenvolvedores e, entre os desenvolvedores e os usuários; e, por fim, a necessidade de direcionamento do objeto de aprendizagem para atender as necessidades do usuário final, os aprendizes. Esta pesquisa é classificada como uma pesquisa aplicada, qualitativa, descritiva e exploratória. Em termos de técnicas, ela utiliza a pesquisa bibliográfica, o estudo analítico e as consultas (entrevistas, workshops e avaliações) com os stakeholders do processo. A sua base teórica compreende o design centrado no ser humano, o design participativo, colaborativo, a teoria da complexidade e as linhas progressistas da educação. A pesquisa resultou em um modelo estruturado e colaborativo para a concepção de animações educacionais. Esse modelo promove a participação planejada e colaborativa dos desenvolvedores envolvidos no processo de design de uma animação educacional (professores, conteudistas, designers e etc.) com foco no aprendiz e indica a participação destes nesse processo. Espera-se que este modelo aproxime a Educação e o Design em um trabalho conjunto para ampliar a motivação em sala de aula e melhorar a prática do design direcionada a educação. Palavras-chave: Animação educacional. Processo de concepção. Modelo colaborativo.
Abstract: The use of graphic animations for education has become popular due to several factors that have contributed to facilitate its use and its use in the classroom. Animation can aid in learning both in the playful context and in the cognitive field. This depends on the functions and goals with which this feature is built and the design process employed by its developers. At this point, a problem arises: the design process of these animations can be carried out in several ways and can involve several elements, variables and professionals necessary to construct an animation that behaves with a learning object endowed with meanings and inserted in the educational environment. However, we did not find a design process that works in an integrated way with most of the elements needed to make this kind of animation, as well as having a learner-centered orientation and also promoting collaborative work processes. It should be noted that, typically, the models are punctual, linear, do not include the user and are not integrated. Thus, all these gaps in the process of designing an educational animation motivated this research. In this context, this research proposes a solution to the following problem: How to collaboratively design an educational animation for elementary school? Thus, its general objective is to propose a model for the collaborative conception of educational animations for elementary education from literature, practice and stakeholders. The main motivations for this research are: the need for improvements in the production of animations as learning objects; the demand for objects linked to emerging learning theories and educational technologies; the need to increase motivation in school tasks; the need for interdisciplinary dialogue between education and design; the need for collaboration between developers and between developers and users; and, finally, the need to target the learning object to meet the needs of the end-user learners. This research is classified as an applied, qualitative, descriptive and exploratory research. In terms of techniques, it uses bibliographic research, analytical study and consultations (interviews, workshops and evaluations) with stakeholders. Its theoretical basis includes human-centered design, participatory and collaborative design, complexity theory and progressive education lines. The research results in a structured and collaborative model for design of educational animations. This model promotes the planned and collaborative participation of the developers involved in the process of designing an educational animation (teachers, content designers, designers, etc.) focusing on the learner and indicates their participation in this process. It is hoped that this model will closer together the developers of education and design in order to broaden classroom motivation and improve the design practice of education. Keywords: Educational Animation. Conceptual model. Collaborative model.
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Ireland, Stephen. "Fundamental design and application of an acoustic temperature measurement system." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.251249.
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Shokri-Ghadikolaei, Hossein. "Millimeter-wave Networking : Fundamental Limits, Scalable Algorithms, and Design Insights." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Nätverk och systemteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-207760.
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The current demands for extremely high data rate wireless services and the spectrum scarcity at the sub-6 GHz bands are forcefully motivating the use of the millimeter-wave (mmWave) frequencies. The main characteristics of mmWave communications are severe attenuation, sparse-scattering environment, huge bandwidth, vulnerability to obstacles and antenna misalignment, massive beamforming, and possible noise-limited operation. These characteristics constitute a major difference with respect to legacy communication technologies, primarily designed for the sub-6 GHz bands, and are posing major theoretical design challenges that have not been sufficiently addressed so far. Motivated by these challenges, this doctoral thesis considers mmWave communications and investigates medium access control (MAC) layer design principles and performance analysis. Specifically, we focus on fundamental performance metrics, including coverage, fairness, robustness, throughput, and delay, which we address by three main research threads of increasing complexity. The first thread of the thesis analyzes the interference behavior in mmWave networks.We first propose a new index for assessing the accuracy of any interference model under any network scenario, which helps us develop a simple interference model of adequate accuracy. We then derive closed-form expressions for the throughput of mmWave ad hoc networks. The new analysis reveals that mmWave networks may exhibit a non-negligible transitional behavior from a noise-limited to an interference-limited behavior, depending on the system parameters such as density of transmitters, transmission power, and operating beamwidth. The second thread of this thesis builds on the previous one and addresses resource allocation in mmWave networks. For the short-term resource allocation, we establish a mathematical framework to investigate the impact of beam training (alignment) overhead on the network throughput. For the long-term resource allocation, we formulate a series of optimization problems that address relaying capability, frequent handovers, small multiuser interference, and load balancing. The third thread of this thesis extends the second one toward spectrum sharing in mmWave networks and characterizes the gains of beamforming and coordination in spectrum sharing via several optimization problems. We analyze these problems in the asymptotic regimes when the number of antennas becomes large and conclude that spectrum sharing with light on-demand coordination is feasible, especially at higher mmWave frequencies (for example, 73 GHz). The original analysis proposed in this thesis gives novel insights into many MAC layer issues such as resource allocation, interference management, random access, mobility management, and synchronization in future mmWave networks. The thesis also highlights that the design of mmWave networks poses open problems at the intersection of optimization and learning theories. Given the recent interest in the standardization of mmWave cellular networks and the highly sub-optimal nature of the existing standards for mmWave short-range networks, the results of this thesis may have the potential to substantially steer future standardizations.QC 20170523
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Li, Qiang S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Analysis of oil market fundamental using a system dynamics approach." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/105312.
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Thesis: S.M. in Engineering and Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, 2015.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 124-129).
An unexpected substantial reduction of oil price since June 2014 has drawn a great attention from governments, financial institutions and oil industry because oil supply has been a critical factor influencing the energy markets, economic development and geopolitics worldwide. From a system perspective, oil price results from the interactions of multiple entities and forces in the world oil market, and the impact of the low price has started propagating through the whole value chain of the industry resulting in a reduction of investment plans. Therefore, it is necessary to re-evaluate the key factors of the system and analyze how the oil industry would evolve when those factors vary. System dynamics modeling has been proved to be an efficient tool to capture dynamics of a complex system, such as world oil market, and it is intended to construct a system dynamics model in the thesis to understand how the world oil market would react to various disturbances. Based on a thorough review on oil industry and world oil market, key players are identified for major suppliers (OPEC, US, Non-OPEC, and Rest of the World - ROW) and major consumers (US, China, and ROW), and correlations among those players are established in the system dynamics model. Different scenarios are created and simulated to explore the dynamics of the world oil market. Starting from an initial equilibrium state, different scenarios simulate the impact of changes in OPEC oil production, the US oil demand, and China oil demand, respectively. Then the consequences of the changes combined the previous scenarios together are discussed. The constructed system dynamic model is able to capture the fundamental dynamics of the world oil market. Specifically, simulations addressing the booming of unconventional oil, changing oil production of OPEC, and slowing down of China's economy development that reflect the real situation in the current oil market confirm the reduction of oil price, and estimate how long the low oil price would last in different scenarios. Although the oil price predictions have to be taken with a great degree of caution, the developed mode is able to provide insightful implications for industry analysts and policy makers. The major challenges fall into how to balance the relationship between market shares and financial loss for oil producers, and energy security for major consumers.
by Qiang Li.
S.M. in Engineering and Management
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Duan, Yingxuan 1966. "Fundamental tradeoff between performance and robustness in control design : Yingxuan Duan." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=102974.
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Control systems must fundamentally trade off performance with robustness to plant uncertainty. Hence, controller design aims at achieving an acceptable tradeoff between the conflicting goals of tracking or regulation performance versus robustness to plant uncertainty. This thesis investigates the tradeoff between robustness and performance for single-input single-output (SISO) systems and a tuning strategy for robust control of multiple-input multiple-out (MIMO) systems.Robust Hinfinity or mu controller design is based on a set of weighting functions representing performance specifications and uncertainty sets with the goal of achieving the desired trade off between performance and robustness. However, once the robust controller is implemented, its parameters are fixed and no tuning is possible. Yet, plant uncertainty arises from the inevitable discrepancy between the true plant and its model. Thus, the capability of tuning the controller is often required in order to re-establish a favorable tradeoff between performance and robustness on-line.
Using a framework based on the internal model control (IMC) structure, we consider the fundamental tradeoff between performance and robustness by analyzing the tradeoff (|Wp(jo)|, | Wa(jo)|) where |W p(jo)| is the weighting for specifying performance and |Wa(jo)| is the maximum magnitude of the additive plant perturbation. In SISO systems and in certain MIMO systems, using only |Wp( jo)|, |Wa(jo)| and the nominal plant model Pn(jo) as input data, the optimal frequency response of the IMC controller Qopt(o) minimizing the structured singular value at each frequency can be obtained. This result provides the tradeoff (| Wp(jo)|, |Wa( jo)|) that yields the minimum of the structured singular value, which can help the control designer in the selection of appropriate weighting functions, and in judging different controller designs against the best achievable level of robust performance. Furthermore, the tradeoff theorem for SISO systems and the optimization algorithm for MIMO systems allow the computation of the optimal performance versus robustness tradeoff (rp(o),| Wa(jo)|), where r p(o) is the largest performance weight for which robust performance can be achieved for fixed |Wa( jo)|. On the other hand, the robust tuning requirement is achieved by fixing a |Wp(jo)| and adjusting |Wa(jo)| and therefore the tuned robust controller can be computed in a simple calculation which can be handled by plant engineers.
MIMO plants with a linear fractional uncertainty model are considered as a more general case for robust tuning design requirement. The framework is to reconfigure an interconnection of the Q-parameter and the uncertainty weights into the IMC-based structure. By defining a matrix H that maps Q into K in a linear fractional transformation, K □ F1( H,Q), the robust controller K can be obtained via a Q-parameter. The tuning strategy of the MIMO robust control design depends on this IMC structure. A systematic design procedure is presented to achieve a sub-optimal Q-parameter along with a tuning technique. A numerical example illustrates the MIMO robust control design and tuning procedure based on the optimization.
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Fink, Alan Lee Nelson Michael L. "Object-oriented programming : an assessment of fundamental concepts and design considerations." Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School; Available from the National Technical Information Service, 1992. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA247480.
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Krishnamurthy, Sandeep Humchadakatte. "Fundamental Limits and Joint Design of Wireless Systems with Vector Antennas." NCSU, 2005. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-08302005-191341/.
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Multiple-antenna systems have generated tremendous research interest in the recent past mainly because of their promise of significant gains in capacity and performance as compared to single-antenna systems. Most work on multiple antennas has focused on the design of coding and modulation schemes, channel estimation algorithms and decoding architectures. Information is sent by the transmitter as electromagnetic (EM) waves which subsequently undergo multipath fading before they reach the receiver. The EM properties of the antennas and the nature of the scattering environment jointly impact the performance of communication algorithms. However, there are relatively few works in the literature that consider this interrelation in the design of transmitter-receiver architectures. In this dissertation we study three such problems: the dependence of capacity on the EM properties of antennas and the scattering environment, the limits on performance of parameter estimation algorithms at the receiver and finally, the fundamental limits on the capacity that volume-limited multiple-antenna systems can achieve. We first consider the joint design of multi-element antennas and capacity-optimal signalling for a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless channel. We use EM theory and ray-tracing methods to derive a channel propagation model for antennas that can detect or excite more than one component of the electric field vector (known as vector antennas) in a discrete-multipath channel environment. This model provides insights into the inter-relation between the spatial multiplexing gain and the nature of the multipath environment for vector antennas. We then generalize this model to the case of antennas with more general electric-field patterns in a fading environment with clusters of scatterers. Capacity-optimal signalling and the impact of antenna electric field patterns on capacity are studied. We focus on joint antenna-signal design and derive optimality criterion for multi-element antenna systems for maximizing the ergodic capacity. We show that antennas that have orthogonal and equal norm electric-field patterns maximize the ergodic capacity. Vector antennas satisfy this criteria, but a uniform linear array does not. We next consider the problem of positioning and direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation with ultrawideband (UWB) vector antennas. Due to the wideband nature of the antenna response and directional sensitivity of vector antennas, precise ranging and DOA estimation of a transmitting source can be jointly performed. We first derive a frequency-domain Cramer-Rao Bound formula in the asymptotic case of a large number of observation samples in stationary noise. We apply this formula to two UWB vector antennas and obtain closed-form lower-bound expressions for the ranging and DOA error covariances. A criterion based on the linearized confidence region is used to design signal pulses that give uniform resolving capability to the antennas for any DOA. Finally, we consider the fundamental capacity limits that a multi-element antenna system that is restricted to occupy a finite volume can achieve. For simplicity, we consider the problem of a spherical volume current source radiating into space with a receiver in the far-field capable of detecting the electric field on a concentric spherical surface. The system is first described as a linear operator, and the exact singular values of the system are derived in closed form. The singular values and hence the capacity is shown to depend on the transmitter volume only through its radius. We calculate the capacity of such a system, and provide capacity formulas that are accurate at high signal-to-noise ratio.
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Fink, Alan Lee. "Object-oriented programming : an assessment of fundamental concepts and design considerations." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/23736.
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Shahmohammadi, Mohammad. "On fundamental limits and design of explicit schemes for multiuser networks." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1300721965.
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Ramalhete, Pedro Miguel Barata de Sousa. "Design e selecção de materiais: novos contributos digitais para uma escolha fundamentada." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/4954.
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Mestrado em Design, Materiais e Gestão de ProdutoO número de materiais disponível para selecção é cada vez maior e só os aspectos relacionados com a normalização têm abrandado o ritmo de introdução de novos materiais. Neste contexto, os designers, arquitectos e engenheiros têm que actualizar o seu conhecimento sobre a disponibilidade dos materiais. O presente estudo visa investigar as ferramentas digitais para a selecção de materiais, tentando responder a algumas questões importantes, como por exemplo: Que ferramentas existem? Como funcionam? Que propriedades determinam a selecção? Quais os resultados obtidos? Quais os percursos de selecção mais adequados para casos específicos? Foi encontrada uma quantidade e diversidade significativa de bases de dados e software para selecção de materiais, todas de origem estrangeira. Países como o Reino Unido, Estados Unidos, França e Holanda, apesar do tempo e recursos investidos, continuam ainda a trabalhar na construção de ferramentas de selecção mais completas, i.e. métodos que permitam conjugar facilmente a selecção através de propriedades mecânicas, físicas e de conformação com as propriedades estéticas e de superfície. Para concretizar esta investigação sobre as ferramentas digitais para a selecção de materiais, foi realizada uma análise bibliográfica sobre métodos, modelos, estratégias, bases de dados e software para a selecção de materiais. Foram recolhidas cerca de trezentas referências de bases de dados, software e portais, dos quais, depois de devidamente analisados, foram considerados com interesse para a investigação cerca de uma centena. Os critérios para esta seriação foram: -o carácter alargado da ferramenta (não foram consideradas bases de dados ou software muito específicos); -possibilidade de seleccionar materiais (foram excluídos os casos que só permitiam selecção de processos de fabrico); -número mínimo e significativo de materiais (não foram consideradas bases de dados com número igual ou inferior a 12 materiais); -utilidade para a resolução de problemas da actividade projectual (do designer, engenheiro ou arquitecto). Desta amostra, todas as ferramentas foram devidamente analisadas, excepto aquelas a que, apesar de solicitado, não foi concedido o acesso gratuito. Se, no final deste processo de análise, ainda restassem dúvidas sobre a sua utilização voltava a contactar os representantes do software para lhes colocar mais questões (este procedimento foi aplicado a todas as ferramentas). Todas as informações relevantes das ferramentas foram registadas em folhas de cálculo, em formato Microsoft Office Excel, contendo os seguintes tópicos: nome, endereço electrónico, modalidade de utilização, número total de materiais, “família ou classe de materiais disponíveis”, métodos para selecção, propriedades de selecção, tipo de informação resultante da pesquisa e texto introdutório e descritivo. No capítulo II, realizei uma análise detalhada de 15 ferramentas digitais mais representativas das bases de dados gerais, bases de dados de fabricantes e software para a selecção de materiais. Depois de analisadas as diferentes razões que podem levar a seleccionar materiais, foram escolhidos quatro projectos que representam situações passíveis da selecção de materiais: 1-Criação ou desenvolvimento de um novo objecto. 2-Redesign para melhoria do desempenho de um objecto já existente. 3-Substituição do material de um objecto devido a requisitos legislativos, alterando normas relativas ao impacto ambiental. 4-Alteração dos materiais de um produto devido à necessidade de exportação do mesmo para um mercado com clima substancialmente diferente. Estes quatro estudos de casos, apresentados no capítulo III ilustram, de uma forma mais aplicada, o modo de utilização das ferramentas digitais. Apesar das limitações nos acessos disponíveis, foram encontradas soluções credíveis para cada um dos estudos de casos, tudo a partir de um computador ligado à Internet. Depois deste longo processo de investigação foi possível tirar conclusões acerca dos meios digitais disponíveis para a selecção de materiais, nomeadamente nos seguintes aspectos: universalidade da informação; organização do seu conteúdo; qualidade da interface usada e interactividade com o processo de design. As informações e a análise feita são de grande utilidade para qualquer profissional (ou aprendiz da profissão) que necessite de fazer selecção de materiais, mostrando o universo actual das bases de dados digitais existentes, as suas potencialidades específicas e lacunas de informação ou dificuldades de utilização e abordando os percursos mais adequados em casos específicos de selecção. Foi ainda possível, como resultado desta investigação, identificar os pontos a implementar nas bases de dados actuais e que se podem traduzir numa mais valia quer para o utilizador, quer para o produtor de materiais.
The number of materials available for selection is getting bigger, only the aspects related to normalization have softened the rhythm of new ones. In this context, designers, architects and engineers have to bring up to date their knowledge of the materials availability. The aim of the present study is the analysis of the material selection with digital tools, trying to answer to few important questions such as: What kind of digital tools exist? How do they work? What properties determine the selection? What kind of information results from the selection? It was found significant amount and diversity of databases and software for material selection, but all of them are foreign works. Countries as the United Kingdom, the United States, France and Holland, which despite the time and invested resources, continue to work for the construction of more complete selection tools, methods that allow conjugating the selection throughout mechanical, physical and process properties, with the aesthetic and surface properties. To materialize this investigation, a bibliographical analysis was carried on methods, models, strategies, databases and software for material selection. About three hundreds software, databases and websites references were collected and about a hundred were considered interesting for this study, after analysis. The criteria for this final choice were: -databases with a significant content (specific databases or software were not considered); -possibility of material selection (digital tools that only allowed process selection were excluded); -it were only considered databases with a significant number of materials (more than 12 materials); -capability of solving problems in the design activity. All The tools were tested, except paid ones that, even after the formal request for a free trial access, were not granted. If in the end of the analysis, still remained doubts, a new contact were made to get more information (this procedure was applied to all digital tools). All the relevant information about digital tools were organize in Microsoft Office Excel sheet’s, including the name, e-mail, use condition, number of materials, "materials family or class”, selection methods, research information and a descriptive text. In Chapter II, detailed analysis of 15 representative digital tools for material selection was made. After studying the different reasons that lead to material selection, 4 projects had been chosen to represent usual material selection circumstances: 1-Development of new object. 2-Redesign to improve a object performance. 3-Material replace by the change of legislative requirements (norms of ecological impact). 4-Substitution of materials in order to export the product to another market with a different climate. The four case studies in chapter III illustrate the way to use the digital tools. Initially I considered all of materials universe and, despite the limitations in the available accesses, good solutions were found in all case studies. Everything was made from one computer with Internet. After this long research process, it was possible to conclude about the available digital tools for material selection, described in the following aspects: universality of information; organization of its content; quality of the interface and interaction with the design process. The research and resulting information have a great utility for any professional (or apprentice of the profession) that needs to do material selection, showing the current universe of the existing digital databases, its potentialities and gaps of information or difficulties of use and approaching the better selection process in specific cases. As result of this research, it was also possible to identify the points to improve in the existing digital tools, wich can be an advantage for users and for materials producers.
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