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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Design industry environment'
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Zalewski, Sondra. "Design, graphic arts, and the environment /." Online version of thesis, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/12205.
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Butler, Thomas. "Design in a simulation environment." Thesis, Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/22664.
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Radlovic, Philippe. "Eco design implementation across the British product design industry." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/11131.
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Our understanding of the effects that human production and consumption has on our planet and its resources has challenged us to think differently when developing new products. In response to these problems, Eco Design has been developed over the last few decades. Eco Design is a process integrated into product and engineering design that aims to lower the environmental impact of products across their life cycle, whilst not hindering design brief criteria such as function, price, performance, and quality. Research in Eco Design has focused mainly on the development of new tools and ways to implement Eco Design in industry. However, there is still little empirical knowledge today regarding the state of Eco Design implementation and practices in industry; in addition to the prerequisite needs and factors to successfully implement Eco Design. The aim of this research has been to review the level and type of Eco Design in the British Product Design industry and to identify recurrent themes helping or hindering implementation. This was achieved through the use of a pilot study followed by a two stage case study design, involving 20 cases and 57 participants across 65 interviews. The investigation and its analysis produced 12 confirmed themes, each generating their own drivers and barriers to Eco Design implementation. This research into Eco Design implementation provides a unique contribution and a timely insight into the Eco Design practices of the British Product Design industry today. The research also provides the novel contribution of identifying the drivers and barriers to implementing and sustaining Eco Design, as well as an understanding of the strengths and shortfalls of the current Eco Design processes and tools. These contributions to knowledge in the field of Eco Design will help future research formulate better solutions to implement Eco Design processes in the Product Design industry.
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Lindahl, Mattias, Erik Sundin, and Johan Östlin. "Environmental issues with the remanufacturing industry." Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för konstruktions- och produktionsteknik, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-35502.
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Researchers often regard remanufacturing as an environmentally beneficial end-of-life option. There have been, however, few environmental measurements performed in the area. The aim of this paper is to identify general environmental pros and cons with remanufacturing. This is done through the analysis of practical examples in remanufacturing industries. Life Cycle Assessment methodology has been used for the environmental validations. The first conclusion, based on the industrial cases and the literature review, is that remanufacturing is preferable from a material resource perspective when compared with manufacturing of new products. The second conclusion is that remanufacturing is preferable from a more overarching perspective for some of the investigated cases, but it is not possible to draw any general conclusions since the companies studied are few and benefits from remanufacturing are highly context-related.
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Mak, Wai-yi Bernice. "Green building design and management in Hong Kong : reactive to government environmental policies or proactive in protecting the environment? /." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B35808809.
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Hou, Billy. "Lean supply chain in pharmaceutical industry : modeling and simulation of a SAP environment." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/76918.
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Thesis (S.M. in Engineering and Management)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, System Design and Management Program, 2011.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 61-62).
The global pharmaceutical business environment has been rapidly changing and has more competitive. Competition in pharmaceutical industry extended far beyond the traditional battle field, research and development. Bayer AG, a leading pharmaceutical company, decided to evaluate lean management as a tool to improve their competitiveness in the market. This thesis attempts to understand the system impact of the lean management implementation to the Bayer supply chain using modeling and simulation tools. The results of the model will be used to determine the system characteristics of current practice and lean practice. The objective of this thesis is to use the system characteristics generated from the simulation models and provide implementation recommendation to Bayer AG.
by Billy Hou.
S.M.in Engineering and Management
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Enroth, Maria. "Developing tools for sustainability management in the graphic arts industry." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Computer Science and Communication, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4169.
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Kim, Y. Y. "Environmental design within the Korean electronics industry : with particular reference to handheld devices." Thesis, University of Salford, 2014. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/31805/.
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The paper will examine the use of eco-design tools within the Korean electronics industry, with particular reference to mobile phone design & manufacture. Economic growth in Korea has been driven by aggressively exporting products, primarily to the US & China. Industries - such as semiconductor fabrication & electronic products - have been at the forefront of this export strategy. With impending environmental legislation threatening many of Korea’s global export markets, this study represents a timely appraisal of the industry’s ability to respond. The paper goes on to consider the extent to which eco-design tools are implemented within the Korean electronics industry, & which are most appropriate in environmental and business perspective. Whilst a simple question, this demands a non-trivial set of answers, each step posing significant problems. This is conditional on both the relevant environmental protocol for each market region, & the development of a means of cross-comparing what are very different metrics of environmental damage. In resolving this, the paper adopts Eco (or Fussler’s) Compass as a graphical representation, & uses this to evaluate the impact of a range of concepts, developed using each of the identified design tools, & based on Lifecycle Analysis (LCA- environmental quantitative evaluations method). The paper concludes by presenting cross comparing in environmental effectiveness against business and major international environmental legislations, ranking each of the tools against eco-benefit, relevance to a particular region/market & cost to the organisation, the latter being measured in times of: current capability; required investment in process; requisite developments in technology (R&D investment &/or licensing); & anticipated problems in cultural adaptation.
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Poulikidou, Sofia. "Integration of Design for Environment in the vehicle manufacturing industry in Sweden : Focus on practices and tools." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Miljöstrategisk analys (fms), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-134804.
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Design for Environment (DfE) promotes the systematic consideration of environmental aspects during product design and development. Despite the maturity of concepts and tools in literature, efficient implementation in industries is reported to be low. A need to bridge this gap is identified with studies that look on DfE practices as well as the use and potential of DfE tools. This thesis is part of a research project that investigates DfE practices and the use of tools during vehicle design and development. The aim is to investigate the ways that environmental constraints can be efficiently integrated into product development processes thus assist in improving the environmental performance of products from a life cycle perspective. The scope of the study includes four vehicle manufacturing companies in Sweden. The development and utilization of tools has been also investigated aiming to increase the opportunities for effective use within this product category. Case study methodology, research interviews and literature reviews constitute the research strategy followed in this work. The empirical results presented in this thesis indicated that vehicle manufacturing companies in Sweden are continually working to improve the environmental performance of their products and meet legal and costumer demands. Despite similarities regarding the type of environmental requirements considered, the companies studied have adopted different ways to identify and integrate environmental requirements into their product development process and use DfE tools to different extents. Such variations reflect differences in the success and maturity levels of the DfE practices adopted. A need for increased and more systematic use of tools is identified for all studied companies and especially for analytical tools. Results from the literature review showed that a variety of tools are available that have the potential to support vehicle design processes. However, only a few cover a broad set of aspects identified to be relevant from a vehicle design perspective. For DfE tools to become effective and be used during product development, they need to cover aspects that are relevant for the company and product designers. A need towards the development of tools that assist vehicle or product designers in general, to make informed and comprehensive choices based on a variety of requirements associated to the product, is identified.Coupling Materials Environmental Analysis - Environmental Effects
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Mak, Wai-yi Bernice, and 麥慧儀. "Green building design and management in Hong Kong: reactive to government environmental policies orproactive in protecting the environment?" Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45008668.
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Flores, Saldivar Alfredo Alan. "Predicting potential customer needs and wants for agile design and manufacture in an industry 4.0 environment." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2018. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/38974/.
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Manufacturing is currently experiencing a paradigm shift in the way that products are designed, produced and serviced. Such changes are brought about mainly by the extensive use of the Internet and digital technologies. As a result of this shift, a new industrial revolution is emerging, termed “Industry 4.0” (i4), which promises to accommodate mass customisation at a mass production cost. For i4 to become a reality, however, multiple challenges need to be addressed, highlighting the need for design for agile manufacturing and, for this, a framework capable of integrating big data analytics arising from the service end, business informatics through the manufacturing process, and artificial intelligence (AI) for the entire manufacturing value chain. This thesis attempts to address these issues, with a focus on the need for design for agile manufacturing. First, the state of the art in this field of research is reviewed on combining cutting-edge technologies in digital manufacturing with big data analysed to support agile manufacturing. Then, the work is focused on developing an AI-based framework to address one of the customisation issues in smart design and agile manufacturing, that is, prediction of potential customer needs and wants. With this framework, an AI-based approach is developed to predict design attributes that would help manufacturers to decide the best virtual designs to meet emerging customer needs and wants predictively. In particular, various machine learning approaches are developed to help explain at least 85% of the design variance when building a model to predict potential customer needs and wants. These approaches include k-means clustering, self-organizing maps, fuzzy k-means clustering, and decision trees, all supporting a vector machine to evaluate and extract conscious and subconscious customer needs and wants. A model capable of accurately predicting customer needs and wants for at least 85% of classified design attributes is thus obtained. Further, an analysis capable of determining the best design attributes and features for predicting customer needs and wants is also achieved. As the information analysed can be utilized to advise the selection of desired attributes, it is fed back in a closed-loop of the manufacturing value chain: design → manufacture → management/service → → → design ... For this, a total of 4 case studies are undertaken to test and demonstrate the efficacy and effectiveness of the framework developed. These case studies include: 1) an evaluation model of consumer cars with multiple attributes including categorical and numerical ones; 2) specifications of automotive vehicles in terms of various characteristics including categorical and numerical instances; 3) fuel consumptions of various car models and makes, taking into account a desire for low fuel costs and low CO2 emissions; and 4) computer parts design for recommending the best design attributes when buying a computer. The results show that the decision trees, as a machine learning approach, work best in predicting customer needs and wants for smart design. With the tested framework and methodology, this thesis overall presents a holistic attempt to addressing the missing gap between manufacture and customisation, that is meeting customer needs and wants. Effective ways of achieving customization for i4 and smart manufacturing are identified. This is achieved through predicting potential customer needs and wants and applying the prediction at the product design stage for agile manufacturing to meet individual requirements at a mass production cost. Such agility is one key element in realising Industry 4.0. At the end, this thesis contributes to improving the process of analysing the data to predict potential customer needs and wants to be used as inputs to customizing product designs agilely.
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Davoli, Mario. "Cellular phone network service prototyping direct manipulation 3D virtual environment for design, training, marketing and documentation /." Swinburne Research Bank, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.3/22429.
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Thesis (PhD) - Swinburne University of Technology, 2001.Submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Swinburne University of Technology - 2001. Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (p. 120-128).
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Comacchio, Zeno. "Designing sustainable innovations : Opportunities for new life cycles within the furniture industry." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för design (DE), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-57669.
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The Linear Economy cannot any longer be sustained by the eco-system: virgin resources are limited and destined to terminate soon if the contemporary production and consumption model will be maintained. For this reason, in the last few years Circular Economy has become an increasingly discussed topic worldwide. Through the adoption of strategies that close-the-loop of the traditional linear production system, Circular Economy aims to find solutions that can create a balance between economy, society and environment. This study aims to provide a holistic overview on the main theories and strategies that can ease a business transition to a Circular Economy model, to analyse challenges and opportunities connected to this conversion and to present a concrete tool developed for this purpose. The Life Cycle Design theory is here discussed and contextualised within the furniture industry reality since this study has been executed in collaboration with IKEA, the company case study of this thesis. An academic and professional literature review have been performed in order to gather information about theory and practice related to the implementation of strategies needed by a Circular Economy: product disassembly, recovery, reuse, refurbish, recycle and remanufacturing. The professional literature reviewed point out that the implementation of a circular model can lead to economic advantages and growth’s opportunities for manufacturers in various economic sectors. The implementation of Circular Economy in the furniture industry seems to be in its early stages and it mainly focus, with few exception, on recycling rather than on the more effective reuse, refurbish or remanufacturing operations. This study points out the two main issues that the furniture manufacturers need to solve in order to enable the implementation of more effective circular strategies: product disassembly and recovery. Furthermore, the need of an innovative and holistic approach is discussed with particular emphasis on the importance of a systemic thinking that enable organisation to create their own identity and objectives in relation to the Circular Economy model. The importance of a system that connects and coordinate the sustainable efforts and aims for new products and services is therefore highlighted, suggested and deeply considered in the development of the tool proposed. To conclude, a comparison between two IKEA products (the sofas Söderhamn and Knopparp) was performed to identify the role of the products’ design and development in relation with the implementation of a Circular Economy model. The products were briefly technically analysed and then a comparison between a linear and a circular end-of-life cycle scenario has been represented.
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Khoshnevis, Mahan, and Emilia Lindberg. "Development of a Demonstrator in the Aerospace Industry for Visualization of 3D Work Instructions." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Maskinkonstruktion, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-119984.
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This master thesis was performed at the business area of Aeronautics at Saab AB in collaboration with Linköping University during the spring of 2015. In a complex product development environment, having knowledge about different processes is advantageous for efficiency. Model Based Definition (MBD) is a product development process where a 3D-model is the main source of information and the same 3D-model is applied all the way from design to production. In assembly, the operator follows work instructions where the 3D-model, and its requirements, is visualized. The model is always updated to the latest version and no 2D-drawings are needed. Saab applied MBD during the development of the new generation of the fighter aircraft JAS 39 Gripen. This change, from previously 2D to 3D, has caused that both internal and external people have minor knowledge about the new developing process of MBD. The purpose of the thesis was to develop a demonstrator acting as an educational environment to share knowledge about the MBD-process and the 3D work instructions. New methods and processes could be tested and evaluated in the demonstrator before implementing into the real product development process. By following and developing an interdependent and iterative product development process, this work has visualized the MBD-process. Designing and developing a demonstrator, using the same tools as in the real product development process, accomplished this. This thesis has developed a demonstrator that includes the main components of a physical model with corresponding 3D work instructions and a conceptual layout. A physical Lego model of Gripen provides a flexible and interesting way of sharing knowledge to the user who interacts with the demonstrator. The 3D work instructions were created in a way so that the user can assemble and interact with the same expressions and terms in order to get an understanding about how they are used. The educational aspect is important where simplifications and additional notes to the instructions help to get a better understanding. Depending on who the user is, different levels of preparations are needed. The recognition factor is important to a user with experience of MBD; it needs to be able to understand how different terms and requirements are used in the development process. The future work is about setting up the demonstrator and conduct usability tests to evaluate, modify and implement more details. Using a demonstrator in this purpose can be helpful for evaluating different techniques, methods or systems and reduce the errors in the product development process. It can also encourage people to a new enjoyable way of learning.
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Lee, Jin Kook. "Building environment rule and analysis (BERA) language and its application for evaluating building circulation and spatial program." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/39482.
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This study aims to design and implement a domain-specific computer programming language: the Building Environment Rule and Analysis (BERA) Language. As a result of the growing area of Building Information Modeling (BIM), there has been a need to develop highly customized domain-specific programming languages for handling issues in building models in the architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) industry. The BERA Language attempts to deal with building information models in an intuitive way in order to define and analyze rules in design stages. The application of the BERA Language aims to provide efficiency in defining, analyzing and checking rules. Specific example applications implemented in this dissertation are on the evaluation of two key aspects: building circulation and spatial programming.
The objective of this study is to accomplish an effectiveness and ease of use without precise knowledge of general-purpose languages that are conventionally used in BIM software development. To achieve the goal, this study proposes an abstraction of the universe of discourse - it is the BERA Object Model (BOM). It is a human-centered abstraction of complex state of building models rather than the computation-oriented abstraction. By using BOM, users can enjoy the ease of use and portability of BIM data, rather than complex and platform-dependent data structures. This study also has reviewed and demonstrated its potential for extensibility of BOM. Not only its lateral extensions such as structural building elements, but also the vertical extensions such as additional properties for existing BOM objects are good examples. In current BERA Language Tool, many computed and derived properties/relations have been proposed and implemented, as well as some basic data directly from the given building model.
Target users of the BERA Language are domain experts such as architects, designers, reviewers, owners, managers, students, etc., rather than BIM software developers. It means that the people who are interested in the building environment rule and analysis are the potential users. The BERA Language Tool comprises many libraries to alleviate common but unnecessary problems and limitations that are encountered when users attempt to analyze and evaluate building models using commercially available tools. Combined with other libraries which populate rich and domain-specific datasets for certain purposes, the BERA Language will be fairly versatile to define rules and analyze various building environmental conditions.
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PAYA, MARTINEZ ANA-MARIA. "Estudio de la interrelación entre el eco-diseño y la eco-innovación e identificación de aspectos clave en la innovación sostenible en un sector industrial: aplicación al sector del automóvil." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/32830.
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El respeto al medioambiente está calando en la sociedad moderna a todos los
niveles. Los ciudadanos, las instituciones públicas y también las empresas son
conscientes del papel que desempeñan en la protección del entorno. Este trabajo busca
profundizar en los conceptos relacionados con el medioambiente que afectan a las
decisiones que las empresas toman en el día a día. Por la relación de la autora con el
sector del automóvil, en el que he desarrollado mi actividad profesional desde el año
1999, la aplicación empírica se ha realizado en esta industria, con el objetivo principal
de identificar los aspectos sobre los que se debe indicir para potenciar las actuaciones
mediomentalmente proactivas.
Como actividades clave para el sector se ha analizado en profundidad el diseño y
la innovación, que, al incluir el enfoque sostenible, se estudian en la tesis como
ecodiseño y ecoinnovación.
Así, en primer lugar se realiza una revision bibliográfica sobre el ecodiseño, los
beneficios que se derivan para las empresas al considerar la mejora medioambiental a
través del mismo, los que se derivan de la actitud proactiva y de su implementación
también se identifican, como, por ejemplo, la mejora de la posición competitiva, la
reducción de costes, la mejora de la imagen de la empresa o el desarrollo de nuevos
productos
En esta primera parte se identifica también el principal obstáculo que las
empresas encuentran, que se resume en la falta de incentivos y de apoyo para que las
empresas puedan potenciar e implementar las actuaciones de ecodiseño.
En el segundo estudio, se analizaron las acciones concretas que una empresa
automotriz líder como Faurecia ha desarrollado en los últimos años. A través del estudio
de este caso de manera profunda, se presenta la información recogida mediante
entrevistas con expertos en ecodiseño del grupo Faurecia. Los resultados observados a
nivel particular en Faurecia se refuerzan por los resultados empíricos realizados sobre
empresas pertenecientes al sector que muestran que la orientación ambiental está
influenciada, principalmente, por las características de la empresa. Para las empresas de
automoción españolas, el estudio detectó que la proactividad ambiental al innovar viene
determinada, principalmente, por el tamaño de las empresas, medido por las variables:
ingreso total, inversión total, cantidad de inversión en I+D y el número deempleados en
I+D y también, aunque menos, por la actividad formal en I+D (número de patentes) y la orientación de exportadora de la empresa. Así, las grandes empresas con mayor número
de patentes y con presencia internacional son más propensas a ser medioambientalmente
activas en actividades de ecodiseño y ecoinnovación y que son este tipo de empresas las
que lideran la actividad y la orientación medioambiental en el sector del automóvil
español.
Por otra parte, aunque la reducción en el uso de la energía y de material también
se han relacionado con la ecoinnovación ambiental, están muy influenciados por otras
variables como el rendimiento económico, la estructura de costes o su situación
financiera, por lo que no se pudo concluir nada al respecto.
La investigación prosiguió explorando las características específicas de la
industria automotriz frente al eco diseño y otras cuestiones ambientales relacionadas.
Así, el siguiente artículo que conforma esta tesis doctoral, se planteó con el propósito de
identificar los impulsores de la orientación ambiental de las empresas del sector del
automóvil. En concreto, se analizó la importancia de la tipología de las fuentes de
información procedentes del entorno (denominadas ¿de mercado¿; proveedores,
clientes, competidores y consultores externos) para orientar eficazmente mejoras de
productos y procesos como factores claves para determinar la orientación ambiental de
las empresas del sector. Utilizando el paquete de software SmartPLS 2.0, el modelo de
medición fue confirmado con suficiente fiabilidad y validez para todas las hipótesis.
Además, el modelo estructural demostró que todos los coeficientes de la ruta
fueron estadísticamente significativos. Los resultados de nuestro estudio, consistentes
con trabajos previos, destacan cómo las actividades de eco-innovación están
positivamente relacionadas con la innovación. Las empresas que se centran en
productos y procesos cuando innovan son más eco-innovadoras que el resto.
La consistencia de los resultados sugiere que las compañías que buscan, por una
parte, una mayor flexibilidad operativa, aumentar la capacidad de producción, reducir
los costes laborales unitarios o reducir el consumo energético por unidad cuando están
buscando innovaciones están también más dispuestas a adoptar una orientación
ambiental y, por otra, las empresas que se centran en el desarrollo de nuevos productos,
en aumentar o sustituir la gama de productos, en aumentar la calidad del producto o en
alcanzar una mayor cuota de mercado o nuevos mercados, son también más propensas a
ser medioambientalmente más proactivas.Paya Martinez, A. (2013). Estudio de la interrelación entre el eco-diseño y la eco-innovación e identificación de aspectos clave en la innovación sostenible en un sector industrial: aplicación al sector del automóvil [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/32830
TESIS
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Carlsson, Priscilla, and Panahi Sandra Nikkhooye. "Designens hållbarhetskraft : En kvalitativ studie om design och hållbarhet inom produktutveckling av dagligvaror." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-38317.
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Hållbarhet värderas allt högre utav konsumenter och allt fler företag satsar på ett utökat hållbarhetsarbete. Detta innebär att företag borde utveckla sitt hållbarhetsarbete för att bli eller fortsätta att vara konkurrenskraftiga. Konsumtionen av livsmedel står för 25 % av hushållens klimatpåverkan. Inom dagligvaruindustrin finns därmed en stor potential för förbättring. För ett utvecklat hållbarhetsarbete krävs innovativa lösningar. Design som process har visat sig kunnabidra med detta. Dock har studier visat på att trots att företag värderar design högt så implementeras det inte i samma utsträckning. Potentialen som design innehar riskerar därmed att gå förlorad av aktörerna på marknaden. Uppsatsen ämnar till att undersöka vilka faktorer som är viktiga för att design skall implementeras för att utveckla hållbara produkter inom dagligvaruindustrin. Studien är en multipel fallstudie med en kvalitativ ansats. Tre intervjuer har genomförts med europeiska företag som verkar på den svenska dagligvaru- och livsmedelsmarknaden. Studien visade på vikten av att företag genomsyras av hållbarhet och har en hög förståelse fördesign. Det är av vikt att såväl design som hållbarhet implementeras i början av produktutvecklingsprocessen som även kallas för Front-End.Sustainability is increasingly valued by consumers and more companies are expanding the incorporation of sustainability in their work. This means companies should develop the incorporation of sustainability in their work to stay or become competitive on the market. The consuming of groceries accounts for 25 % of the households climate influence. Within the fast moving consumer goods industry there is therefore a potential of improvement. To develop the incorporation of sustainability in a company requires innovative solutions. Design as a process has been able to contribute with exactly this. Although, studies have shown that even though companies value design highly it is not implemented to the same extent. The potential that design possesses is therefore at risk of being lost by the actors of the market. The thesis intends to explore which factors that are important for design to be implemented to develop sustainable products in the fast moving consumer goods industry. The study is a multiple case study with a qualitative approach. Three interviews have beenmade with european companies that are active on the swedish fast moving consumer goodsindustry market. The study showed that it is of importance for a company to be permeated by sustainability andto have a high understanding of design. Furthermore, it is of importance that design as well assustainability is implemented in the beginning of the product development process that is also known as Front-End.
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Zhang, Christina Yan. "The use of massively multiplayer online games to augment early-stage design process in construction." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2012. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/9924.
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Traditional 2-D contour models, Physical Models, Computer-Aided Architectural Design (CAD), Virtual Reality models, Google SketchUp, and Building Information Modelling (BIM) have all greatly enhanced the design process by enabling designers to visualise buildings and the space within them prior to their construction. A recent development is Massively Multiplayer Online Games (MMOG) such as Second Life (SL). These offer users the opportunity to interact with other participants in real time, and so offer an excellent opportunity to experience the environment, layout and form of virtual buildings. However, the effectiveness of such applications to some extent depends upon how realistic the interactions of those using virtual spaces are in relation to interactions within the real world. This research examines the potential of this technology for enhancing and informing the early stage building design process. Initially, the tools currently used by architects at early stages of the RIBA Plan of Work were evaluated through interviewing architects. Then, the advantages of using MMOG over current tools at early-stage design were evaluated through interviews in SL. A virtual model was developed to examine how realistic the visualisation and interaction between end-users in an MMOG was. This was used to propose and validate guidance to incorporating MMOG into the early stages of the RIBA Plan of Work. It revealed that the virtual model created, the validated guidance and a successful example combining 2D sketches, Google SketchUp and MMOG at early-stage design can be used to guide architects to manage the complex decision making process in a simple, easy, cost-effective way, while effectively engaging both professional and non-professional stakeholders.
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Karlsson, Linnea, and Cornelia Hoppe. "The importance of coffee talk... : A study of how a design group in the construction industry experience working from home during the pandemic." Thesis, KTH, Byggteknik och design, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-302536.
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Teleworking has become increasingly common as the digital development has progressed. This has provided tools that can facilitate work and reduce the need for physical meetings. Previous studies have concluded that teleworking leads to, among other things, a great lack of social contexts, a blurred boundary between work and private life but also increased productivity. In 2020 the coronavirus pandemic spread across the world forcing many people to start working remotely. Studies on the experience of teleworking in early stages of the pandemic show similar results as previous research. However, there are few studies that deal with how teleworking affects a group. These studies show, among other things, that a work group's productivity decreases if many in the group work from home. This thesis aims to investigate the construction industry's transition to teleworking during the coronavirus pandemic by focusing on a design team's experience of teleworking. The report deals with what the current work situation looks like compared to before, how the work can technically be carried out remotely and how the design team experience this change. The results that have emerged in this report show that design can be carried out remotely and the question is not whether telework should take place or not, but to what extent. There are various factors that affect how much individuals want and should work from home and the conclusion in this report is that teleworking should take place two to three days a week. Social parts of the work are irreplaceable and are required for good cooperation and prosperous employees. At the same time, there is an opportunity to focus better at home. Therefore, the parts of the work that require more collaboration and communication should be performed at the office, while work that requires more focus can be done remotely.Distansarbete har blivit allt vanligare i takt med den digitala utvecklingen som gett verktyg som kan underlätta arbetet och minska behovet av fysiska möten. Tidigare studier har kommit fram till att distansarbete bland annat leder till stor avsaknad av sociala sammanhang, utsuddad gräns mellan arbetsliv och privatliv men även ökad produktivitet. År 2020 bredde coronapandemin ut sig vilket tvingade många människor världen över att börja arbeta på distans. Studier om upplevelsen av distansarbete i tidiga skeden av pandemin visar på liknande resultat som tidigare forskning. Det finns dock få studier som behandlar hur distansarbete påverkar en grupp. Dessa visar bland annat att en arbetsgrupps produktivitet minskar om många i gruppen arbetar hemifrån. Detta examensarbete syftar till att undersöka byggbranschens omställning till distansarbete under coronapandemin genom att fokusera på en projekteringsgrupps upplevelse av att arbeta på distans. Rapporten behandlar hur den nuvarande arbetssituationen ser ut jämfört med tidigare, hur arbetet rent tekniskt går att genomföra på distans och hur projekteringsgruppen upplever denna förändring. Resultaten som framkommit i rapporten är att projektering kan utföras på distans och frågan är inte om distansarbete bör ske eller ej, utan i hur stor utsträckning. Det finns olika faktorer som påverkar hur mycket man vill och bör arbeta hemma och slutsatsen i denna rapport är att distansarbete bör ske två till tre dagar i veckan. Sociala delar av arbetet är oersättliga och krävs för ett gott samarbete och välmående medarbetare. Samtidigt finns det möjlighet att fokusera bättre hemma. Därför bör de delar av arbetet som kräver mer samarbete och kommunikation läggas till kontorstid, medan arbete där mer fokus krävs med fördel kan ske på distans.
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Bozhinovski, Konstantin. "Generative design of a nature-inspired geometry manipulated by an algorithm in a BIM-environment, applied in a façade system for a residential building in Bologna, Italy." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/21501/.
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In terms of technology, BIM is also part of the worldwide change Industry 4.0, which in essence is the trend toward automation and data exchange in manufacturing technologies and processes. Generative design is an iterative process that involves a program that will generate a certain number of outputs that meet certain constraints, so that a designer is able to fine tune the feasible project by changing minimal and maximal values of an interval in which a variable of the program meets the set of constraints, in order to reduce or augment the number of outputs to choose from. The initial idea of this thesis work was to manipulate few of the most basic geometric elements in order to get a complex parametric shape inspired from the honeycomb as the natures perfectly generated the element. This preliminary idea, together with the ambition to use this transformation for a façade system in a structural building led us to a series of decisions to try and connect two “worlds”, in the sense that we have a CAD environment that lets us create the geometry and a BIM environment where everything is represented by a specific level of information. This geometry is given a specific set of rules that drive and manipulate each of the elements it contains in a certain fashion. This methodology, as well as the communication and the interaction between the software adopted and their programming environments, is what makes the generative design possible. This result from the Grasshopper algorithm is then being created in the CAD environment in Rhinoceros3D, which then can be opened through Rhino.Inside.Revit and give us a direct real-time preview in the BIM environment in Revit. Through a long series of testing and experimenting with the geometry, we get to a point where we have a functional algorithm that creates and manipulates the geometry, in order to foster many design opportunities for structural and architectural designers.
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Chesters, Robert. "Packaging radio technology during the interwar period (1925-1939) : how did the rise in popularity of the wireless receiver introduce the modernist aesthetic to the British domestic environment?" Thesis, Loughborough University, 2014. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/14781.
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This thesis aims to identify and explain how, through the consumption of the wireless as a modern consumer durable, modernism was brought to society. To understand this process, the study will map how social change during the period responded to wider intellectual and aesthetic currents and trends but was driven by emergent commercial, cultural and political economies of a newly mediated society. Furthermore, it seeks to establish that this happened not as a result of social engineering through model housing schemes but as a result of consumer-led demand. This investigation considers how, as part of that newly mediated social environment, the wireless developed following its arrival on the domestic market without having adopted a single stylistic form. It addresses how that form, both stylistically and technically, evolved over a relatively short period to address the economic and cultural requirements and expectations of a new electrically powered domestic entertainment technology. In so doing, a discourse will be established considering these expectations and requirements related to how the wireless in Britain adopted and adapted the Modernist design idiom. It will further consider how the language of Modernism was propagated as the accepted version of what a radio could or should look like, so developing the modernist paradigm in a broader sense. To gain an appreciation of this it is necessary to understand the contemporary public conception of what the modern was in a more general sense. To decipher this public perception of modernity the project aims to extrapolate that public conception through examining other popular forms and products. Although this suggests that Radio was not alone in adopting the language of the moderne, as a product it is notable for its widespread commercial success and as such can be identified as a significant carrier of the coded message of what was modern. Design historians such as Yagou and Forty have attempted to incorporate radio into various strands of historical perception but the typologies they have devised to describe and understand wireless fall short in addressing the relationship between modernity and the wireless and instead see the wireless in terms of being an independent consumer product, a quasi-scientific instrument or else a furnishing form, rather than creating categories which accommodate the wireless and its position as a design type in its own right. To overcome this shortcoming a strand of this thesis seeks to argue that the wireless was itself a proto-modernist device during the early years of market expansion. That device then developed along a natural stylistic course embracing contemporary decorative ideas. By assessing the response of radio manufacturers to the socio-economic conditions of their market, this study has highlighted how through producing a product which addressed contemporary ideas of glamour, ease of use and functionality, the wireless entered a wide range of homes during the 1920s and 1930s. For the public, the immediate appeal of the wireless was that it provided access to the international experience of listening in while simultaneously it provided a template for the consumer to base their understanding of the modern World, both in its mediated form and stylistic appearance. This thesis seeks to demonstrate that during the period 1925 to 1939, the wireless established itself as an unashamedly modern device which appealed to a broad socio economic cross section of the public. By consuming the wireless, the British public accepted a significant technological and stylistic aspect of modernity into their homes. This was achieved despite the privations of the era because of the perceived desirability of wireless broadcasts and the perception of listening in as a popular leisure activity. As a result of that consumer demand, the British public was given access to a range of stylistic versions of modernity through the design of radio cabinetry. These modern styles were readily consumed throughout the social spectrum in preference to historicist alternatives. This demonstrates that the wireless was instrumental in introducing the modernist aesthetic to the British domestic environment.
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Seo, Jongwon. "Graphical interface design for equipment control in unstructured environments /." Digital version accessible at:, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Karapars, Zeynep. "The Relationship Between Socio Economic Factors And Use Context In Product Usability." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12604998/index.pdf.
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ABSTRACT
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOCIO ECONOMIC FACTORS AND USE CONTEXT IN PRODUCT USABILITY
Karapars, Zeynep
M. Sc., Department of Industrial Design
Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Çigdem Erbug April 2004, 184 pages Developments in the usability discipline have lead to new paths in new product development processes. The methods for development of usable products are abundant and the area is crescent for new research. One of the concerns in usability lies in the question of employment of user centered design in the prevailing product development processes. In this study, it is aimed to be clarified that inquiry into the use context should be an initial step in user centered design. However, use context is one of the less explored areas of usability. Detailed examinations of contextual factors may open paths to new methods of integrating usability into products. This study aims to take a step towards the analysis of the impact of socio economic factors on usability of product. A field study is made in order to acquire a deeper understanding. Samples of two different socio-economic groups are defined from the marketing perspective. Contextual factors are specified on the example of washing machines. Comparison of problems between the users from the two socio economic groups shed light on the relationship between socio economic variables and usability problems.
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Fletcher, Kate Tanya. "Environmental improvement by design : an investigation of the UK textile industry." Thesis, Open University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.300241.
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OLIVEIRA, Felipe Guimarães Fleury de. "Design têxtil: perspectivas da estamparia industrial." Universidade Anhembi Morumbi, 2014. http://sitios.anhembi.br/tedesimplificado/handle/TEDE/1626.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
This master thesis introduces aspects of textile printing in its technological context, in order to elucidate their techniques and processes. Expands this study, in the relations between the textile industry which includes the printing with the environmental parameters. Shows the importance of design and the textile designer in the challenges that can promote benefits about sustainable development solutions to the society. Reports the questions found in the case study that bring perspective to make the reflection of the designer in this industrial area.
Esta dissertação trata de apresentar aspectos relativos à estamparia têxtil em seu contexto tecnológico, no sentido de elucidar suas técnicas e processos. Amplia este estudo, no aprofundamento das relações entre indústria têxtil na qual se insere a estamparia, acerca da sustentabilidade ambiental. Com o estudo de caso de uma indústria têxtil, evidencia a importância do design e do designer têxtil, nos desafios que podem promover a busca por soluções, no sentido de minimizar os impactos ambientais que beneficiem a sociedade de acordo com as leis e diretrizes da política municipal de desenvolvimento sustentável. Relata questionamentos encontrados no estudo de caso que trazem perspectivas para reflexão o fazer do designer nesta área industrial.
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Axelsson, Oskar, and Björnbom Nicklas Örnstedt. "Kasta loss mot en hållbar framtid : En kvalitativ flerfallsstudie om hållbar produktutveckling i den svenska båtindustrin." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-149584.
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Det är inte längre bara ekonomiska faktorer som bidrar till ett företags långsiktiga framgång, utan numera blir också sociala och miljömässiga faktorer allt mer påtagliga. För dagens moderna konsumenter blir hållbarhet ett mer centralt kriterium och allt fler anser att det är viktigt att företag arbetar aktivt med hållbarhetsfrågor. Produkter är en essentiell del i företags arbete med hållbarhet och de förväntas inte bara att skapa produkter som bidrar med nytt värde, utan de förväntas även göra detta på ett hållbart sätt. En övervägande del av produktens nivå av hållbarhet bestäms i produktutvecklingen, då dennes attribut i stort sett är fixerade när den är klar för produktionslinjen. Detta innebär att det är av central vikt att integrera hållbarhet redan i produktutvecklingen. Denna studie kommer att fokusera på hållbar produktutveckling, där vi kommer ta en bred och okonventionell ansats genom att titta på designbeslut kopplat till produktlivscykeln, tillsammans med interna förutsättningar för utvecklingen av hållbara produkter, samt hållbara innovationer. Detta kommer sedan att appliceras i den svenska båtindustrin, vilket dels är en bransch vi är intresserade av och dels är en bransch där hållbarhet blir alltmer aktuellt. Det teoretiska ramverket är grundpelaren i studien och vår intention är att bidra med större förståelse för hur dessa teorier kan associeras med det som faktiskt sker i branschen idag. Vårt syfte är således att undersöka på vilket sätt och till vilken grad företag inom den svenska båtindustrin implementerar hållbarhet vid utvecklingen av nya båtar. Studien syftar vidare att fylla luckan gällande hållbar produktutveckling i den svenska båtindustrin, då detta är outforskat i dagsläget. Studien syftar även på att ge en mer sammansvetsad bild av hållbar produktutveckling och bidra med ett bredare perspektiv än enbart de individuella ämnesdelarna. För att uppfylla syftet har vi genomfört en kvalitativ studie, där vi genom sex stycken djupgående semistrukturerade intervjuer med ledare av svenska båtföretag har skapat oss en god inblick i hållbarhetens roll vid utvecklingen av nya båtar. Studien har präglats av ett deduktivt angreppssätt där vi har varit teoridrivna, samt att vi subjektivt har försökt att tolka och förstå informanternas syn och ageranden gällande hållbar produktutveckling i branschen. För att analysera det empiriska materialet har en tematisk analys använts, och det resulterade i att våra tre huvudämnen även bildade de tre huvudtemana. Utifrån studiens resultat kan vi konstatera att hållbarhet i dagsläget inte har en övervägande roll vid designen och utvecklingen av nya båtar inom den svenska båtindustrin. Vissa delar av produktlivscykeln ser ljusa ut från ett hållbarhetsperspektiv, men det finns mer att göra i framtiden för att cykeln ska vara fullt ut optimerad. Rådande interna förutsättningar finns det också ljusglimtar när det kommer till hållbarhetsaspekter, men även här finns det stor utvecklingspotential för framtiden. Företagens innovationsarbete när det gäller hållbarhet präglas till stor del av försiktighet, vilket förmodligen lämpar sig bäst för marknaden i dagsläget. Marknadskraven på hållbarhet förväntas dock öka i framtiden och i takt med att företagen ser det som en affärsmöjlighet kommer förändringar mycket troligt att ske i deras innovationsarbete.
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Alexiou, Ioannis. "A study of pre-acidification reactor design for anaerobic treatment of high strength industrial wastewaters." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/411.
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Acidogenic activities, as part of anaerobic digestion, have been discovered since the beginning of the century. Still it was mid '60's when it was initially stated in the literature that engineered phase separation would increase stability in anaerobic reactors and possibly increase substrate digestion rates. Pioneering research in the early '70's, with the first report on two-phase digestion of sludges, came as practical proof of those past assumptions. Today phase separation is a proposed option to single-stage digestion, due to the many advantages over conventional operation. Such an application utilises the different steady-state kinetic rates in the two main bacterial groups in anaerobic digestion. Furthermore, the process benefits through differences of these two groups, in relation to changing conditions. The overall result of two-phase applications is lower operational costs, with higher treatment efficiency and energy recovery. In recent decades much research work has created a positive image for two-phase applications, compared to single-stage digestion. Still until today, many consultants in the field of anaerobic processes, are not provided with sufficient knowledge to utilise fully the potential of the twophase process. It seems often the case that leading companies in the design and construction of anaerobic plants, will design pre-acidification tanks without understanding the uncontrolled acidogenic activities taking place in them. Therefore, design is based on an empirical approach or lack of knowledge of the effects of reactor design parameters on acidogenesis. Although data on acidification of industrial wastewaters is in high demand, few studies have been carried out previously to assess the effects of the whole range of engineered reactor design parameters on acidification of industrial wastewater. Out of these few studies none has examined the whole range of design parameters on freshly collected agro-industrial wastewater. Apparently, most studies have been made on synthetic versions of wastewaters or simple compounds. Additionally since the '80's anaerobic processes have been extensively applied for the treatment of agro-industrial wastewaters. Obviously the extent of information provided from this study, was particularly required to clarify many issues related to the role of acidification in the pre-treatment of agro-industrial wastewaters. The research project presented in this thesis is based on a 3-year laboratory study. Some early conclusions of this study have been presented previously in a number of papers on preacidification discussing design guidelines, advantages of two-phase applications and methods to assess acidogenesis. This thesis is focused on the complete range of findings related to the effects of various reactor design parameters, namely: temperature (from ambient to thermophilic); pH (from 4.5 to 7.0); HRT (from 6 to 12 hrs, with and without variations in the organic loading rate); addition of commercial micro-nutrients; and mixing the reactor contents. The two wastewaters studied are slaughterhouse, collected fresh each week; and synthetic instant coffee production. They are both considered as high strength wastewaters. Slaughterhouse wastewaters are found everywhere, as they are connected with daily human activities, while they are easily biodegradable wastewaters for high-rate digestion. On the other hand instant coffee production wastewaters, although not a common global industrial activity, involves more complexity for high-rate digestion, due to various recalcitrant and inhibitory compounds present in the composition of coffee. Results are based on analyses for: VFA concentration and composition (Acetic to Caproic acid). Tot. and Filt.COD, Tot.BOD, TS, VS, SS, VSS, TKN, NH 3-N, PO4-P, gas composition and for slaughterhouse wastewaters protein concentrations. In particular, results on VFA are presented as concentration, COD of the acids, composition and in relation to the influent and effluent COD. Assessment of the effects of design parameters on the performance of acidogenic biomass are based on: VFA production and composition; acidified COD; and overall effluent quality in relation to methanogenic treatment requirements. This study provides information on all design requirements needed to use acidogenic phenomena to convert organic matter into simple carbon source (i.e. VFA). Such a conversion appears to benefit biological wastewater treatment when used as pre-treatment for anaerobic digestion, but also for its potential in aerobic processes and nutrient removal processes. The process proves to have great low-cost pre-treatment potential, but can also be used for advanced wastewater treatment. Finally, the extensive data collected is used to present various guidelines for process engineers. which should be considered in order to design anaerobic plants. Also, they should be even further used for the overall assessment of the treatment or pre-treatment potential of pre-acidification for agro-industrial wastewaters.
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Muslu, Deniz. "INNOVATION AND SUSTAINABILITY IN FASHION INDUSTRY." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Textilhögskolan, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-17105.
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Abstract This research is designed to see the level of innovativeness of fashion brands in terms of being sustainable. It also aims to find out if there is a relation between business models and innovativeness within sustainability of fashion brands. Following the literature review, desk research, consumer survey and expert interviews are carried out. Desk research is made through web pages of fashion brands and some organizations. The information from the web pages revealed a lot about the current sustainability actions. In this desk research, 10 companies are examined in regard to their sustainability actions, to learn about what has been done and to see what can be considered as innovative in terms of sustainability. Following the desk research, a consumer survey is designed to explore the consumer opinion on the topics of sustainability and innovation. A consumer survey of 100 people is conducted at the Swedish School of Textiles. Due to the need for conscious knowledge about sustainability and innovation, people who studies or works in the textile school is specifically chosen as a cluster. The sample is called “Informed consumers” and is believed to have savvy about innovation and sustainability. How sustainability actions of brands are perceived, how consumers evaluate fashion brands and what they understand from “innovativeness” are some questions explored in the survey. Results are given via frequency distribution charts and maps. Following the survey, 5 interviews are made with contacts from the companies to study the issue also from the perspective of the business world. These expert interviews are verbally structured and are explained within the research. The method of interviews is qualitative research method and the result provides the reader an insight. To propose an assessment method for fashion companies, “The Innovation within Sustainability Index” is constructed. Although this index is inspired by some current environmental index models, the final model is original and includes the consumer perspective as well as author’s own evaluation on the innovative sustainability actions of the fashion companies. The companies which are evaluated in the index are: H&M, Lindex, Gina Tricot, Zara, Acne, Filippa K, Patagonia and Nike. At the end, it was not possible to point out significant relation between business models and innovativeness within sustainability. However, this result may differ when the model is applied to larger samples.Program: Master Programme in Fashion Management
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Maupin, Meghan. "The societal and environmental impacts of the skincare industry : a case for innovation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/118539.
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Thesis: S.M. in Engineering and Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, System Design and Management Program, 2018."June 2018." Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
The $17 billion U.S. skincare industry negatively impacts women's health. It sets unrealistic beauty standards and ideals that are meant to influence consumers' product choices. Skincare products are unevenly regulated, and many formulations contain chemicals that harm individuals' health and end up in toxic landfills and watersheds. Skincare companies offer products with ingredients that are not verified or tested for safety or efficacy. Additionally, skincare products have historically been created for fictional archetypes, and insufficient attention has been paid to consumer's unique and changing skin needs. The short-term and long-term health outcomes resulting from skincare product usage affect divergent populations differently, due to the behavioral differences between women of different ages, ethnicities, and geographic locations, as well as other demographic and psychographic factors. This thesis examines these factors and looks beneath the skin of the industry, challenging the current modus operandi of its players. Using data mining techniques, the correlation between these factors are identified and used to predict skincare product waste. Unsupervised learning is used to group skincare consumers by their consumption behavior, as opposed to their demographics. A diverse sample of skincare consumers was chosen to score the skincare products in their everyday routine with both an individual health and environmental safety score. One solution supported by the research is innovation and new companies that are focused on customer education, ingredient transparency, and the measurement of individual safety outcomes resulting from skincare product usage.
by Meghan Maupin.
S.M. in Engineering and Management
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Noguchi, Satoshi. "The development of an integrated information system for the design/construction industry." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/11549.
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Smal, Desiree Nora. "The role of environmental sustainability in a design-driven fashion industry : a South African case study." Thesis, Cape Peninisula University of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2269.
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Thesis (DTech (Design))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016.This thesis is an investigation into environmental sustainability in the South African fashion industry, with a particular focus on the role of design therein. The fashion and textile industry is a significant contributor to the South African economy and a major user of human and natural resources. It is through the use of resources – natural, constructed and human – that the industry is also supposedly damaging to the natural environment and the people working within it. Notable authors on environmentally sustainable design and, in particular, environmentally sustainable fashion design, seem to suggest that a holistic approach to environmental sustainability is fundamental to the implementation thereof. Design has the ability to direct change, and thus design and designers have the potential to drive holistic sustainable practices in the fashion system.The question this research therefore poses is what the role of environmental sustainability should be in a design-driven approach in the South African fashion industry; interrogated through an exploratory and descriptive case study. The case study consists of three purposively selected sub-units that operate within an environmentally sustainable focus in their fashion businesses, and that design, produce, and retail fashion products. The aim of the research was to explore, through a snapshot of the South African fashion system, the implementation of environmental sustainability in the fashion industry in South Africa, in order to determine what role fashion design practice can have in developing environmental sustainability in the fashion system.The most notable finding of the research highlights the immense difficulty of operating as a fashion business from an environmentally sustainable focus in South Africa due to the lack (and unsuitability) of resources that can be considered environmentally sustainable. The declining textile industry of South Africa makes it either almost impossible, or very costly, to work within an environmentally sustainable framework, and is a major impediment in the implementation of environmental sustainability in praxis. Therefore, those businesses that decide to operate within an environmentally sustainable framework do so because of inherent personal values and ethics.The second aspect identified in the survey of scholarship and underpinned by the findings, is a need for a transformative approach with regard to design praxis and how design praxis can influence consumer eco-consciousness. The research concludes with a recommended framework that suggests a holistic and integrated approach to design-driven environmental sustainability in the South African fashion industry, and elaborates on the role of the fashion designer in the implementation of environmental sustainability in the fashion system. The holistic and integrated approach should extend into fashion design education, requiring a fundamental shift in current fashion design education in South Africa.
University of Johannesburg
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Botha, Hanlie. "Relationships between Job Variables: The Moderating Effects of Support and the Mediating Effects of Job Satisfaction, Affective Commitment and Continuance Commitment in the Support Worker Industry." The University of Waikato, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2495.
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The factors associated with employees' work related attitudes and cognitions were examined. A sample of employees from Community Living Trust (CLT), an organisation within the disability support worker industry, completed a questionnaire that included several measures: supervisor and colleague support, role conflict, role ambiguity and role overload, time-based, strain-based and behaviour-based work-to-family/family-to-work conflict, organisational commitment, job satisfaction and turnover intentions. The purpose of this study was to explore the extent to which supervisor and colleague support contributed to a reduction in role conflict, role ambiguity and role overload. In addition, the relationship between support and work-to-family/family-to-work conflict were also explored. Finally, the organisational outcomes, in particular organisational commitment, job satisfaction and turnover intentions, were examined. It was found that supervisor and colleague support did, in some cases, moderated the relationship between role stressors, conflict and job satisfaction / organisational commitment. It was also found that job satisfaction and affective commitment mediated the relationship between the role stressors, WF strain-based conflict and turnover intentions. The major implications from this research are that human resource initiatives should be developed that aims to identify the support needs employees may have, in order to increase levels of job satisfaction and organisational commitment and decrease levels of turnover intentions. The final chapter of this research explored the practical implications to the organisation, employees and the need for future research.
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Treitl, Stefan, and Werner Jammernegg. "Facility location decisions with environmental considerations. A case study from the petrochemical industry." Springer Verlag, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11573-014-0730-8.
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The recently growing concerns of customers and governments about environmental protection and greenhouse gas reduction have forced companies to integrate the topic of environmental sustainability into their decision making. Facility location decisions are of special relevance in this respect because of their strategic nature. Furthermore, many different trade-offs must be considered, for example between operational costs and customer service. But as soon as environmental issues are concerned, other critical issues must be considered as well. Based on a case study from the petrochemical industry, this paper extends two basic facility location models and shows the impact of distribution network-design decisions on the economic and environmental performance of the company. The results show a trade-off between total (distribution) costs and transport carbon emissions. (authors' abstract)
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Emblemsvåg, Jan. "Activity-based life-cycle assessments in design and management." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/32855.
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Allen, Robbie (Robbie C. ). "The dynamics of Internet publishing on the computer book industry." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/35116.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, System Design and Management Program; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2006.Includes bibliographical references (p. 61-64).
The Internet has been a disruptive force for many industries, but perhaps none more so than in the publishing business. While many segments of the publishing industry have made attempts to use the Internet to augment or replace existing revenue sources, none has done as little with the Internet as book publishers. This thesis will examine the computer book niche of the publishing business, review various Internet publishing models that have been employed to date, and outline opportunities and challenges that computer book publishers should consider to stay viable in the Internet age. An analysis of various Internet publishing business models will be covered along with a discussion of how Internet publishing can facilitate better methods and processes for developing content.
by Robbie Allen.
S.M.
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Parry, Scott R. "Free-Form Deformations in a Constructive Solid Geometry Modeling System." BYU ScholarsArchive, 1986. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4255.
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No one will question that computers are revolutionizing the design industry. It is pointed out in [Bezier84] that before CAD/CAM, a surface was defined by tracing cross sections on a drawing and then carving these sections in wood, plastic or metal. The final model was determined by someone interpolating between the sections. This labor intensive art is being replaced by techniques of computer aided geometric design.
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O'Hare, Jamie A. "Eco-innovation tools for the early stages : an industry-based investigation of tool customisation and introduction." Thesis, University of Bath, 2010. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.519025.
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The challenge of transitioning to an environmentally sustainable system of production and consumption is both a major risk and a significant opportunity for companies involved in the design and manufacture of products. One approach that might assist companies in meeting this challenge is ‘eco-innovation’, which aims to deliver new products and processes that provide customer and business value but significantly decrease environmental impacts. The aim of the research was to understand how eco-innovation tools can be developed and introduced to a company such that they are adopted into the long-term practices of the company and contribute to the development of eco-innovative products. A ‘toolbox for eco-innovation’ was developed by adapting existing innovation tools for the purposes of eco-innovation. The initial toolbox was tested through in-house trials before subsequent trials in industry with a refined suite of tools. One-day workshops were held with six producers of electrical and electronic equipment. Four of these companies went on to participate in more in-depth tool introduction studies in which the tools were customised to the specific needs of the company and its design team. Formal tool feedback sessions and individual interviews with members of the design team were used to asses the effectiveness of the tool customisations. The organisational drivers and barriers for the long-term adoption of eco-innovation tools were also investigated.
The contributions to knowledge of this research are:
- The development of a toolbox for eco-innovation.
- The validation of tool customisation as an approach to improving the introduction of eco-innovation tools.
- The definition of a generic process for tool introduction based on tool customisation which is appropriate for workshop-based design and innovation tools (including eco-innovation tools).
- Insights into the organisational drivers and barriers for the long-term adoption of eco-innovation tools.
- A model for the management of eco-innovation activities.
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Lind, Sofia. "Adaptation of eco-design methods for SMEs in India : Experiences from the electronics industry." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Water and Environmental Studies, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-9195.
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This thesis presents guidelines for how eco-design methods can be adapted to facilitate the introduction of ecologically responsible manufacturing in small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) in the Indian electronics industry. It also investigates the major opportunities and obstacles for eco-design to become a natural part of product design. This is urgent both from environmental and economic perspectives since the SMEs pollute a lot in proportion to their share of the total industrial production, and at the same time they are vulnerable for the increasing environmental demands on product design. The European Union recently introduced their directive on the Restriction of the Use of certain Hazardous Substances in Electrical and Electronic Equipment (RoHS) which bans certain hazardous chemicals in electric and electronic device. For many producers that supply to the European market this was a wake up clock to start thinking about environmental aspects related to production.
The study was carried out as an interview and questionnaire study at three SMEs in the electronics industry. Additional interviews were held with informants in different organisations. It was concluded that for SMEs in the Indian electronics industry qualitative and semi-quantitative eco-design methods should be chosen before quantitative methods. Eco-design methods should resemble traditional methods that are already used in the companies. For the product developers to be able to work with eco-design more education and other solutions are needed to raise the environmental knowledge. Support and commitment from top management is also imperative. Methods should be developed to encourage the establishment of multi functional teams and early integration of environmental aspects in design projects.
The external demands on environmentally responsible manufacturing are expected to increase in the future. This will most likely have a positive influence on the environmental awareness in the industry, just as the RoHS directive has had. However, there are still economic and technical barriers that need to be bridged for SMEs in India to be able to work with eco-design. More cooperation and communication between academics, policy makers and the industry is needed to make it happen.
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Armstrong, James Taylor. "Extensive green roof design in the City of Cape Town : barriers and opportunities for developing a green industry." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10042.
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Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references (p. 72-78).
In today's world of increasing energy costs and rapid ecosystem service decay, a result of direct human disturbance from development, habitat loss and fragmentation and the increasing frequencies of extreme weather events, it is critical that building practices in the next decade adopt a more adaptive and holistic approach to building design.
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Matthew, Julie (Julie Elizabeth). "Developing the business case for Quality by Design in the biopharmaceutical industry." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/50084.
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Thesis (M.B.A.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Chemical Engineering; in conjunction with the Leaders for Manufacturing Program at MIT, 2009.Includes bibliographical references (p. 76-78).
Quality by Design (QbD) is a systematic, science-based approach to pharmaceutical development that was defined in the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) Q8 guideline in 2005. Expectations are that QbD will ultimately become a regulatory expectation and prerequisite for drug approval. The pharmaceutical industry has made significant progress in applying QbD principles for small molecules, and efforts to adapt the new paradigm to biologic products are gaining momentum. Although the primary motivation for adopting QbD is regulatory expectation, the business impact of QbD has not yet been defined. The purpose of the business case is to examine the internal impact of QbD using Amgen, Inc. as a model large biopharmaceutical company. This assessment aims to identify the most critical areas of focus and to align expectations around the impact of QbD. The business case captures the impact of QbD throughout the commercialization process, from drug discovery to commercial production, by applying a conceptual framework that divides the commercialization process into four major elements: Molecule Selection, Process Development, Technology Transfer, and Marketing Application & Commercial Production. Examples of on-going activities were identified within each of these elements to estimate the economic and operational impact of QbD. One of these examples was based on a deep-dive technical analysis of Smart Freeze Dryer technology, a novel means of lyophilization cycle development and temperature control.
(cont.) The business case demonstrated that internal drivers do exist for the systematic implementation of QbD. Up-front investment early in the product life cycle offers economic and operational benefits later in development and commercial production. In addition, organizational learning and process development evolution lead to cumulative benefits for subsequent pipeline products. Though the magnitude and timing of investment depends on the available resources and long-term strategy of the business, investment should be concentrated in three key areas: Science & Technology, Knowledge Management Systems, and Business Processes.
by Julie Matthew.
S.M.
M.B.A.
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Joshi, Surabhi. "Guidelines to integrate life cycle assessment in building design." Thesis, Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/31791.
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Thesis (M. S.)--Architecture, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010.Committee Chair: Augenbroe, Godfried; Committee Member: Bayer, Charlene; Committee Member: Gentry, Russell. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
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Pope, Stephen Michael. "Designing for technology obsolescence through closing the product life cycle : an investigation and evaluation of three successional audio-video products." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/23138.
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Yiannakaris, Laskarina Alice. "Integrating principles of sustainability into communication design pedagogy at selected HEIs in Cape Town : towards an industry-responsive curriculum." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2397.
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Thesis (MTech (Design))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016.This research study investigates the level of awareness of, and engagement with Design for Sustainability (DfS) among three categories of actors within the Cape Town communication design fraternity: design educators, design students and design professionals. It focuses specifically on the degree of application of DfS within three selected Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) in Cape Town, while also interrogating the local industry’s need for students who are knowledgeable and skilled in this subject. To successfully practice DfS, communication designers need to be responsive to the possible environmental, social, cultural and economic impacts of their work. This study argues for the early incorporation of principles of sustainability into communication design curricula in order to promote the uptake of DfS. An extensive review of literature facilitates the showcasing of practical examples of how communication designers can positively address sustainability through their design solutions. Further, it also unpacks the barriers and solutions to integrating DfS into both education and practice. The study employs a qualitative research approach. Using purposive sampling, rich data is gathered from the key informants through focus groups and semi-structured interviews. Activity Theory is used as an analytical lens through which to examine the dynamics between the three different actors who are involved in the activities of teaching, learning and practicing DfS in communication design. The findings identify major gaps in the teaching of DfS as the subject is typically considered to be applicable to environmental issues. There is also limited understanding of how to practically apply principles of sustainability. Along with proposing appropriate strategies and tools to enrich the education around DfS in a more holistic manner, the study highlights the need for proactive re-curriculation so as to effectively sensitise students to the responsibility of communication designers to tackle sustainability issues. A set of adaptable guidelines is proffered as a way of making DfS more accessible to students while training them to channel their unique skill set and enhance attributes of agility and resilience in preparation for professional practice and an ever changing world. Educators are seen as playing the most crucial role in effecting the proposed guidelines because they interface with both students and industry; as well as straddle the critical domains of research, pedagogy and professional praxis. Additionally, this study recommends establishing more robust, responsive and meaningful connections between academia and industry in order to develop contextually relevant industry standards that will promote and advance DfS best practice among the Cape Town communication design fraternity.
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Lui, Suk-fai, and 呂淑輝. "Hong Kong Centre of Environmental Technology." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1994. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31982128.
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Park-Gates, Shari Lane. "Effects of Group Interactive Brainstorming on Creativity." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28577.
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Corporations spend a great deal of time and money trying to facilitate innovation in their employees. The act of introducing something new, a product or a service that is viable and innovative is often increased by enhancing or nurturing creativity.This experimental study investigated the effect of group verbally interactive brainstorming (social interaction) on creativity, not by comparing the number of ideas generated on a simple task in a brainstorming session, but by assessing creativity in the final product of a complex heuristic task. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of group interactive brainstorming to individual brainstorming on individual creativity assessed in the final product.The hypothesis which was tested in this study was that participation in group verbally interactive brainstorming prior to developing a design solution would not facilitate creativity in the final product more than individual brainstorming. Indeed, it was hypothesized that individuals brainstorming in teams.Participants were 36 interior design students in a FIDER accredited program at Virginia Tech. The Multidimensional Stimulus Fluency Measure (MSFM) was administered before beginning the experiment in order to determine individual differences in creativity. Subjects were randomly assigned to either a treatment group than participated in group verbally interactive brainstorming prior to developing a product individually, or a control group that participated in an individual brainstorming session. All subjects then created a design project individually that was assessed for creativity by judges who were recruited from professional interior design organizations. Creativity was measures using the Consensual Assessment for Interior Design Creativity (Barnard, 1992). A post session questionnaire also was used to measure attitudes and perceptions of the subjects about the creative process.Analysis of variance revealed no significant differences when creativity scores were compared between two brainstorming groups. That is, projects developed by interior design students did not differ significantly in creativity systematically between the two brainstorming techniques. When scores on the two dependent variables of secondary interest (novelty and appropriateness) were compared between groups they also did not differ significantly.Responses to post-session questionnaires indicated that although students found it more difficult to generate ideas in a group, they still believed they would generate more ideas and preferred to generate ideas in a group rather than alone. However, when developing a project students preferred to work independently.This study supports past research which suggests that group verbally interactive brainstorming does not enhance creativity. In this study, interactive brainstorming neither enhanced nor constrained creativity in the final product. The creativity scores were higher for those in the individual brainstorming condition, although not significantly so. This study also supports findings which indicate that people still believe they will generate more ideas in a group and that they prefer to generate ideas as a group.Ph. D.
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Yu, Jieqiong, and 余洁琼. "The effectiveness of extended producer responsibility in motivating eco-design changes: perspectives from China'selectrical and electronics industry." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B47185934.
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Extended producer responsibility (EPR) as a holistic approach to product stewardship has been increasingly incorporated into environmental policy agenda in the last two decades. One major expectation of EPR is to prevent environmental problems at source by providing appropriate incentives for product eco-design changes. However, available studies empirically examining the actual influence of EPR on eco-design are limited. This research therefore aims to fill the research gap by evaluating the effectiveness of existing EPR programmes in driving eco-design changes from the perspective of China’s electrical and electronic (EE) industry, and shed some light on the prospects of EPR development in China.
Based on the analytical framework developed from reconstructed intervention theory, three intensive empirical studies have been carried out. The first study examines the perception and responses of 50 China’s EE manufacturers regarding the EU EPR programmes (i.e. the WEEE and RoHS Directives). The second study investigates the responses of 36 China’s EE manufacturers to the Chinese EPR programmes (i.e. China WEEE and China RoHS legislation) and identifies possible factors that exert causal impact on the occurrence of eco-design. In order to gain a deeper insight into the practical manifestations of effective EPR implementation in the private sector, three company case studies have been conducted in the third stage of the research, serving as an important supplement to the first two studies.
The three studies show that EPR programmes in a stringent regulatory approach focusing on products’ environmental properties such as substance bans can exert strong influence on design changes. However, mandated recycling legislation seems to have little driving effect for companies to change product design. The research points to the weakness of collective producer responsibility that is currently adopted in many EU Member States for WEEE implementation in achieving continuous eco-design improvements. It highlights the significance of realising the principle of individual producer responsibility in EPR programmes for achieving this goal.
Based on an attributability assessment, the research further shows that there are a number of factors that influence the adoption of eco-design in China, and the link between legislative EPR programmes and eco-design is complex and evolving. Not only may the EPR programmes have different existing, anticipating and potential effect on the incorporation of eco-design, but they may have very different driving influence on environmental laggards and leaders.
In this regard, this research suggests that there is no one-stop solution for EPR in China. A mixed mechanism that integrates various policy instruments such as administrative, economic and informative instruments, in conjunction with cooperation and infrastructure facilities, would be the most effective means to implement EPR in the context of China, thereby achieving the goal of sustainable production and consumption.published_or_final_version
Kadoorie Institute
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
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Huang, Chenglei. "Developing Circular Economy Capability: Antecedents, Mechanisms, and Outcomes in Chinese Manufacturing Industry." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1326778525.
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Kennedy, Emily Barbara. "Biomimicry in Industry: The Philosophical and Empirical Rationale for Reimagining R&D." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1491505696395819.
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Kgokong, Tryfina. "An exploration of the non-tradistional role interactions between professional team memebers in green building design in the construction industry." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/95606.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.The professional team play a critical role during the design phase to ensure the implementation of a green building design, but in what way do they differ from a traditional design team? The research seeks to determine, whether the professional team members need to be specifically alert to green building principles and willing to learn and apply green building principles through an investigation of a commercial project case study. The research design embraces a qualitative approach through the gathering of data on the case study, where project information was examined and the professional team members interviewed. To reinforce the project specific information, professionals in the construction industry were canvassed for their opinions on the awareness of professional team members, and their willingness to learn and apply, green building principles on commercial projects seeking green star rating. The findings from the case study indicate that a non-traditional, integrated design approach stimulated the professional team‟s alertness and willingness to learn and apply green building principles to great success, as the project achieved a four star green rating. The survey found that professional‟s perceived green buildings to have a positive impact on the environment and if possible reverse the harmful effects that conventional buildings have on the environment. Furthermore, professional team‟s early involvement is highly imperative to achieve a green star accreditation. The green design process requires continuous input and sharing of information from all professional team members. The respondents who were surveyed indicated a positive attitude towards developing their awareness and willingness to learn and apply green building principles. Knowledge of green star rating requirements for commercial developments in South Africa as well as general green building principles, allow professional team members to gain a competitive edge over more traditional practitioners in the building sector. In addition, professional members who are aware and alert to green building are at a better position to successfully implement a green building design, consequently minimising the negative impact buildings have on the environment and ensure sustainability.
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Brocklehurst, David. "People flow modelling : benefits and applications within industry." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2005. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/795.
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Within the design of any building, there is a requirement for designers to understand the intended purposes of the building and the elements that influence performance. These elements can be as tangible as providing a lecture hall within a university or relatively intangible such as the environmental temperatures of the rooms. The elements involved are generally recognised within the design industry and a combined force of engineers, architects, and specialist advisors work together to ensure all of the elements are in place for each new design. However, one element affecting performance that has not yet been comprehensively covered (at least for many building types) is that relating to occupant movement and the influence this has on experience and hence performance. For example, the number of times people have to negotiate cross-flow environments in a train station before becoming agitated is unknown. Also, the average distance people will walk through a shopping centre before becoming tired and ending the activity is unknown. Even so, they will both be impacted upon by the design and they will both reflect back on the performance of the design. Before starting this research, it was realised by the research engineer that there was only a limited understanding and application of people flow analyses within industry and, where it existed, it was solely related to transport terminals, pedestrian walkways/crossings, sports stadia arrivals/egress, and evacuation analyses.