Relevant bibliographies by topics / Design of air-cooled condenser

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Academic literature on the topic 'Design of air-cooled condenser'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Design of air-cooled condenser"

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Wang, Xue Dong, Yan Juan Zheng, and Tao Luan. "Optimizing Design of Direct Air-Cooled Condenser." Advanced Materials Research 354-355 (October 2011): 406–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.354-355.406.

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The optimizing design approach of direct air-cooled system was described in detail in this paper. Based on the approach, the wind speed, ambient temperature and heat transfer area of air-cooled condenser were considered to meet the design parameters and the rated power. The optimizing results and economic analysis were discussed.
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Lau, S. C., K. Annamalai, and S. V. Shelton. "Optimization of Air-Cooled Condensers." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 109, no. 2 (June 1, 1987): 90–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3231331.

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The essential design parameters for determining the optimum configuration of an air-cooled condenser are identified in this paper. For a power plant operating on a Rankine cycle, expressions for (i) the minimum frontal area, (ii) the minimum heat transfer area, and for (iii) the maximum net cycle efficiency, with respect to the condenser temperature and the cooling air velocity are derived. The analyses are carried out with the assumption that the exit temperature of the cooling air is equal to the condenser temperature. All resulting equations are presented in dimensionless form so that they are applicable to any power cycle with a gas-cooled condenser.
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Lv, Yi, Hui Zhang, Yu Jin Yue, Li Jun Yang, and Xiao Dong Zhang. "Deviation Analysis on Flow and Heat Transfer Model of Large Air-Cooled Steam Condenser Unit." Advanced Materials Research 860-863 (December 2013): 656–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.860-863.656.

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Many power plants adopt air-cooled condensers (ACC) with finned tubes, using ambient air to condense turbine exhaust steam. Each condenser unit is mainly composed of two heat transfer surfaces like A and large diameter axial flow fans driving air. In the study of environmental wind effects, etc, due to the condenser unit size is bigger, it is necessary to simplify the condenser unit internal flow and heat transfer calculation, but the deviations introduced by these simplifies failed to get enough attention. In view of one condenser unit, three kinds of flow and heat tansfer combinated model were respectively investigated. A computational fluid dynamics software (CFD) is used to solve the problem.Research priority is analyzing the deviations of internal flow and heat transfer features in the condenser unit according to the extracted datum. The study gives some useful informatin to the design of a thermal power plant with an ACC system.
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Říhová, Zdeňka, and Markéta Kočová. "Technological Structures for Air Cooled Condensers." European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 4, no. 11 (November 30, 2019): 93–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2019.4.11.1622.

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This paper summarizes the knowledge and results obtained in the field of designing technological platforms for energy industry. Optimal solution of the layout of elements and material of a number of technological platforms with a specific number of modules was searched. Technological platforms are the main supporting structure of the air-cooled condensers (ACC), which ensure cooling of plants. The fundament of the solution is based on the schema that the platform is composed from the at least one standardized bed containing the supporting surface equipped with the supporting columns and at least one horizontal segment for the condenser exchanger support. The platform structure must ensure sufficient spatial rigidity and stability and ACC functionality. Design requirements are defined both by size and weight of each single module of condenser and the total number of modules in assembly.
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Yu, F. W., and K. T. Chan. "Improved condenser design and condenser-fan operation for air-cooled chillers." Applied Energy 83, no. 6 (June 2006): 628–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2005.05.007.

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Mansour, M. Khamis, M. N. Musa, and M. N. Wan Hassan. "Thermal and economical optimization for a finned-tube, air-cooled condenser design of a roof-top bus air-conditioning system." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 221, no. 11 (November 1, 2007): 1363–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544062jmes635.

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The current paper presents a methodology of a design optimization technique that can be useful in assessing the best configuration of a finned-tube condenser, using a thermal and economical optimization approach. The assessment has been carried out on an air-cooled finned-tube condenser of a vapour compression cycle for a roof-top bus air-conditioning system at a specified cooling capacity. The methodology has been conducted by studying the effect of some operational and geometrical design parameters for the condenser on the entire cycle exergy destruction or irreversibility, air-conditioning system coefficient of performance (COP), and total annual cost. The heat exchangers for the bus air-conditioning system are featured by a very compact frontal area due to the stringent space limitations and structure standard for the system installation. Therefore, the current study also takes in its account the effect of the varying design parameters on the condenser frontal area. The irreversibility due to heat transfer across the stream-to-stream temperature-difference and due to frictional pressure-drops is calculated as a function of the design parameters. A cost function is introduced, defined as the sum of two contributions, the investment expense of the condenser material and the system compressor, and the operational expense of air-conditioning system, which is usually driven by an auxiliary engine or coupled with the main bus engine. The optimal trade-off between investment and operating cost is therefore investigated. A numerical example is discussed, in which, a comparison between the commercial condenser design and optimal design configuration has been presented in terms of the system COP and condenser material cost. The results show that a significant improvement can be obtained for the optimal condenser design compared to that of the commercial finned-tube condenser, which is designed based on the conventional values of the design parameters.
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Kula, Sinan. "Design Studies of Two Stage Cooling Loop for New Generation Vehicles." Academic Perspective Procedia 3, no. 1 (October 25, 2020): 550–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.33793/acperpro.03.01.104.

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In this article, the design and integration of an intelligent refrigeration system that increases air conditioning and engine efficiency, reduces fuel consumption and emission levels in vehicles manufactured today will be examined. This design will include a two-stage cooling system. Two-stage cooling unit consist; high temperature radiator and low temperature radiator. The engine coolant will be cooled in the high temperature radiator. In the low temperature radiator, coolant of water cooled air charger and air conditioning condenser will be cooled. It is aimed to increase the engine efficiency by cooling more efficiently, thanks to the heat carrying capacity of the water which is high compared to air. With this project, it is aimed to cool the heated air after the turbocharging and air conditioning gas in the vehicle with water instead of air.
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Wu, Wu Chieh, Tzong Shing Lee, and Chich Hsiang Chang. "Improved Energy Performance of Air-Cooled Liquid Chillers with Innovative Condensing-Coil Configurations." Applied Mechanics and Materials 284-287 (January 2013): 785–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.284-287.785.

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The purpose of this study was to develop mathematical models for air-cooled chillers and their components using innovative varied row configurations as a parameter analysis model followed by a simulation of actual operational performance. In this manner, we were able to observe the increase in performance of air-cooled chillers and the energy transfer efficiency of individual components. This study found that the innovative varied row configuration (Type C) can increase the COP of air-cooled chiller by 6.7% over that of traditional condensing-coil configuration (Type A) with an increase in total irreversibility and the irreversibility of the condenser of 8.4% and 4.1%, respectively; Type C can increase the COP of air-cooled chiller by 3.3% over that of the best condensing-coil configuration (Type B) with an increase in total irreversibility and the irreversibility of the condenser of 1.6% and 4.6%, respectively. We believe that the results of this research can provide an important basis of reference for future design of air-cooled chiller units.
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Bae, S. J., H. S. Heo, C. J. Kim, and H. Y. Lee. "Design of an air-cooled condenser for engine coolant waste heat recovery." International Journal of Automotive Technology 16, no. 1 (February 2015): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12239-015-0002-9.

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North, M. T., and C. T. Avedisian. "Heat Pipes for Cooling High Flux/High Power Semiconductor Chips." Journal of Electronic Packaging 115, no. 1 (March 1, 1993): 112–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2909290.

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Results of an experimental study are reported which demonstrate the ability of heat pipes to simultaneously dissipate high heat fluxes and high total power at low surface temperatures. The application is to cooling high power density (and high total power) semiconductor chip modules. The two designs studied incorporate air or liquid cooling in the condenser sections. The air-cooled design consisted of a manifold base plate with a series of holes drilled in it each of which was lined with sintered copper powder which served as the wick. An array of wick lined tubes was attached normal to the plate and served as the condenser section. The other heat pipe was disk shaped and also had a sintered wick structure. Cooling water channels were placed over the entire periphery of the housing except in the region of heat input. Reported steady heat fluxes are up to 31 W/cm2 corresponding to total power dissipation of up to 1400 W for the water cooled heat pipe and up to 47 W/cm2 (900 W total power) for the air cooled heat pipe with surface temperatures under 100°C.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Design of air-cooled condenser"

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Owen, Michael Trevor Foxwell. "Air-cooled condenser steam flow distribution and related dephlegmator design considerations." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85731.

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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The steam-side side operation of a practical air-cooled steam condenser is investigated using a combination of CFD, numerical, analytical and experimental methods. Particular attention is directed towards the vapor flow distribution in the primary condensers and dephlegmator performance. Analysis of the vapor flow in the distributing manifold, connecting the steam turbine exhaust to the air-cooled heat exchangers, highlights the importance of careful design of the guide vanes in the manifold bends and junctions. Improved guide vane design and configuration can reduce the steam-side pressure drop over the manifold and improve the vapor flow distribution, which may be beneficial to condenser operation. The vapor flow in the primary condensers is shown to exhibit a non-uniform distribution amongst the heat exchanger tubes. The vapor flow distribution is strongly linked to the distribution of tube inlet loss coefficients through the heat exchanger bundles. The non-uniform flow distribution places an additional demand on dephlegmator performance, over and above the demands of row effects in the case of multi-row primary condenser bundles. Row effects are shown to account for as much as 70 % of available dephlegmator capacity in this case. Simultaneously, inlet loss coefficient distributions can account for up to 30 % of dephlegmator capacity. In some situations then, the dephlegmator is fully utilized under ideal operating conditions and there is no margin of safety to cope with non-ideal operation of the primary condensers. The upstream regions of the primary condensers are therefore exposed to a high risk of undesirable noncondensable gas accumulation. Reduced dephlegmator capacity due to insufficient ejector performance may further compound this problem. Single-row primary condenser bundles eliminate row effects and thereby significantly reduce the demands on dephlegmator performance. The use of such bundles in the dephlegmator would also measurably reduce ejector loading. In light of the findings of this study, it is recommended that single-row bundles be considered as the primary option for future air-cooled condenser applications. A hybrid (dry/wet) dephlegmator concept is analysed and shown to be able to provide measurably enhanced dephlegmator performance when operating in wet mode, while consuming only a small amount of water. The enhanced dephlegmator cooling translates to an increase in total air-cooled condenser capacity of up to 30 % at high ambient temperatures in this case. The benefit of this enhanced cooling capacity to steam turbine output may be significant. The hybrid dephlegmator concept therefore offers a simple, cost-effective and sustainable solution to the issue of reduced air-cooled condenser performance during hot periods. Careful design of the first and second stage bundle configurations in the hybrid dephlegmator is necessary to avoid flooding in the first stage during wet operation of the second. Furthermore, the slightly poorer dry-operation performance of the hybrid dephlegmator results in increased risk of non-condensable gas accumulation in multi-row primary condensers. Again, single-row primary condenser bundles would lay rest to such concerns.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die bedryf aan die stoom-kant van ʼn praktiese lugverkoelde-stoomkondensor word ondersoek met behulp van 'n kombinasie van berekeningsvloeimeganika, numeriese, analitiese en eksperimentele metodes. ʼn Spesifieke fokus word geplaas op die dampvloeiverspreiding in die primêre kondensors asook die deflegmatorwerksverrigting. Ontleding van die damp vloei in die verdeelspruitstuk, wat die uitlaat van die stoomturbine aan die lugverkoelde-stoomkondensor koppel, beklemtoon die belangrikheid van noukeurige ontwerp van die leilemme in die spruitstukdraaie en aansluitings. Verbeterde leilemontwerp en opstelling kan die drukval aan die stoom-kant van die draaie en aansluitings verminder en die dampvloeiverspreiding verbeter. Dit kan gevolglik lei tot verbeterde werksverrigting van die kondensor. Die studie toon dat ʼn nie-eenvormige dampvloeiverspreiding in die warmteruilerbuise van die primêre kondensors bestaan. Die verspreiding van buisinlaat-verlieskoëffisiënte deur die bundels van die warmteruiler is sterk afhanklik van die voorgenome dampvloeiverspreiding. Die nie-eenvormige vloeiverspreiding veroorsaak 'n groter aanvraag na deflegmator-werksverrigting, bo-en-behalwe nog vereistes van ry-effekte in die geval waar multi-ry-bundels vir primêre kondensors gebruik word. Ry-effekte is verantwoordelik vir so veel as 70 % van die beskikbare deflegmator kapasiteit. Terselfdertyd kan die verspreiding van inlaat-verlieskoëffisiënte verantwoordelik wees vir tot 30 % van die deflegmator kapasiteit. In sommige gevalle is die deflegmator dus ten volle aangewend onder ideale bedryfstoestande, en bestaan daar geen band van veiligheid om nie-ideale werksverrigting van die primêre kondensor te hanteer nie. Sekere dele van die stroom-op primêre kondensors word dus blootgestel aan 'n hoë risiko vir die opbou van ongewenste nie-kondenseerbare gasse. Verder kan ‘n vermindering in deflegmator kapasiteit, weens onvoldoende werksverrigting van die vakuumpompe, dié probleem vererger. Enkel-ry-bundels vir primêre kondensors vermy ry-effekte en lei sodoende tot ʼn aansienlike vermindering in die aanvraag na deflegmator-werksverrigting. Die gebruik van sulke bundels in die deflegmator sou die vakuumpomplas ook meetbaar verminder. Uit die bevindinge van hierdie studie word dit aanbeveel dat enkel-ry bundels beskou word as die primêre opsie vir toekomstige lugverkoelde-kondensor aansoeke. ’n Konsep vir ’n hibriede-deflegmator (droog/nat) word ontleed. Die studie toon dat, deur hierdie konsep in die nat-modus te gebruik, ’n meetbare verbetering in deflegmator-werksverrigting gesien kan word, ten koste van net ʼn klein hoeveelheid waterverbruik. Die verbetering in verkoelingsvermoë van die deflegmator beteken ʼn toename van tot 30 % in die totale verkoelingsvermoë van die lugverkoelde-kondensor gedurende periodes wanneer hoë omgewingstemperature heersend is. Die voordeel van hierdie verbeterde verkoelingsvermoë op die werksuitset van die stoomturbine kan beduidend wees. Die konsep vir ’n hibriede-deflegmator bied dus 'n eenvoudige, koste-effektiewe en volhoubare oplossing vir warm atmosferiese periodes, wanneer die lugverkoelde-kondensor se verkoelingsvermoë afneem. Noukeurige ontwerp van die eerste en tweede fase bundelkonfigurasies in die hibriede-deflegmator is nodig om oorstroming in die eerste fase, tydens nat werking van die tweede fase, te verhoed. Verder veroorsaak die effens swakker werksverrigting, gedurende die bedryf van die hibriede-deflegmator in die droog-modus, ʼn verhoogde risiko vir die opbou van nie-kondenseerbare gasse in multi-ry primêre kondensors. Weereens sal enkel-ry-bundels in primêre kondensors hierdie probleem oplos.
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Subramaniam, Vishwanath. "Design of Air-cooled Microchannel Condensers for Mal-distributed Air Flow Conditions." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/5088.

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Air-cooled condensers are routinely designed for a variety of applications, including residential air-conditioning systems. Recent attempts at improving the performance of these heat exchangers have included the consideration of microchannel tube, multilouver fin heat exchangers instead of the more conventional round tube-plate fin designs. In most packaged air-conditioning systems, however, the condenser surrounds the compressor and other auxiliary parts in an outdoor unit, with an induced draft fan at the top of this enclosure. Such a configuration results in significant mal-distribution of the air flow arriving at the condenser, and leads to a decrease in performance. This work addresses the issue of mal-distribution by adapting the air-side geometry to the expected air flow distribution. A microchannel tube, multilouver fin condenser is first designed to transfer the desired heat rejection load for an air-conditioning system under uniform air flow conditions. Tube-side pass arrangements, tube dimensions, and fin and louver geometry are varied to arrive at a minimum mass, 2.54 kg condenser that delivers the desired heat load of 14.5 kW. The design model is then used to predict the performance of the condenser for a variety of air flow distributions across the heat exchanger. It is found that for a 50% air flow mal-distribution, the required condenser mass increases to 2.73 kg. The air-side geometry (fin density and height) of the condenser is then systematically changed to optimally distribute the air-side surface area across the condenser to best address the mal-distributed air flow. It is found that linear fin density and height variations from the mean value of 40% and 20%, respectively, keeping the mean fin density and height the same, reduce the required condenser mass to 2.65 kg even for this mal-distributed air-flow case. The influence of geometry variations on heat transfer coefficients, fan power and other performance measures is discussed in detail to guide the judicious choice of surface area and tube-side flow area allocations for any potential air flow mal-distribution. The results from this study can be used for the design of air-cooled condensers under realistic flow conditions.
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Stewart, Susan White. "Enhanced Finned-Tube Condenser Design and Optimization." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/5289.

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Enhanced Finned-Tube Condenser Design and Optimization Susan W. Stewart 173 pages Directed by Dr. Sam V. Shelton Finned-tube heat exchangers are widely used in space conditioning systems, as well as any other application requiring heat exchange between liquids and gases. Their most widespread use is in residential air conditioning systems. Residential systems dictate peak demand on the U.S. national grid, which occurs on the hot summer afternoons, and thereby sets the expensive infrastructure requirement of the nations power plant and electrical distribution system. In addition to peak demand, residential air conditioners are major energy users that dominate residential electrical costs and environmental impact. The only significant opportunity for electrical power use reduction of residential air conditioners is in technology improvement of the finned-tube heat exchangers, i.e., condenser and evaporator coils. With the oncoming redesign of these systems in the next five years to comply with the regulatory elimination of R-22 used in residential air conditioners today, improvement in the design technology of these systems is timely. An air conditioner condenser finned-tube coil design optimization methodology is derived and shown to lead to improved residential air conditioner efficiency at fixed equipment cost. This nonlinear optimization of the 14 required design parameters is impractical by systematic experimental testing and iteration of tens of thousands condenser coils in an air conditioning system. The developed methodology and results can be used in the redesign of residential systems for the new mandated environmentally friendly refrigerants and to meet increasing regulatory minimum system efficiencies. Additionally, plain fins and augmented fins, (louvered), are compared using the developed model and optimization scheme to show the effect of the augmentation on system performance. Furthermore, an isolated condenser model was developed using condenser entropy generation minimization as the figure of merit to minimize the model complexity and computation time. Isolated model optimizations are compared with the system model optimum designs.
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Kloda, Michal. "Vzduchem chlazený kondenzátor." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-231824.

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The Master’s thesis dealing with air-cooled condensers is split into four sections. The first section shows an overview of air cooling, introduction into air-cooled condensers of A-frame shape and finned tubes. The second section deals with heat transfer on the steam side and deals with trapped incondensables on the steam side of ACC. The third section deals with heat transfer on the air side, shows a brief overview of fans and selected problems on the air side. In the last section the simplified thedmodynamic calculation of air-cooled condenser is shown.
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Aspelund, Kristinn A. "Optimization of plate-fin-and-tube condenser performance and design for refrigerant R-410A air-conditioner." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19488.

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Sadler, Emma May. "Design analysis of a finned-tube condenser for a residential air-conditioner using R-22." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/17951.

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Wright, Monifa Fela. "Plate-Fin-And-Tube condenser perfomance and design for a refrigerant R-410A air-conditioner." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/17296.

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Squicciarini, Martin. "The air cooled condenser optimization." Kansas State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/34546.

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Master of Science
Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering
Donald L. Fenton
Today air cooled chillers are often used in industrial applications where chilled water is pumped through processes or laboratory equipment. Industrial chillers are used for the controlled cooling of products, mechanisms and factory machinery in a wide range of industries. However, there is limited information on condenser coil design for a simulated model that uses R407c in a process chiller system with a focus on the finned tube condenser design. Therefore, a simulation tool that evaluates the performance of a condenser design, e.g. frontal area, cost, and overall system efficiency would be very useful. An optimization calculator for the air cooled fin-tube condenser design was developed. This calculator allows a user to specifically select the condenser geometric design parameters including the overall condenser length and height, number of rows, number of circuits, row and tube spacing, fin thickness, fin density, tube inner and outer diameters, and the quantity and power of the fan motors. This study applied the calculator finding an optimum condenser design for various frontal areas and cost constraints. The calculator developed is appropriate for engineering designers for use in the process chiller industry.
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Van, Rooyen J. A. "Performance trends of an air-cooled steam condenser under windy conditions." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1629.

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Thesis (MScEng (Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 2007.
Air-cooled steam condensers (ACSC’s) are increasingly employed to reject heat in modern power plants. Unfortunately these cooling systems become less effective under windy conditions and when ambient temperatures are high. A better understanding of the fundamental airflow patterns about and through such air-cooled condensers is essential if their performance is to be improved under these conditions. For known flow patterns, improved fan designs are possible and flow distortions can be reduced by means of extended surfaces or skirts, windwalls and screens. Spray cooling of the inlet air or the addition of an evaporative cooling system can also be considered for improving performance under extreme conditions. The present numerical study models the air flow field about and through an air-cooled steam condenser under windy conditions. The performance of the fans is modeled with the aid of a novel numerical approach known as the “actuator disc model”. Distorted airflow patterns that significantly reduce fan performance in certain areas and recirculatory flows that entrain hot plume air are found to be the reasons for poor ACSC performance. It is found that the reduction in fan performance is the main reason for the poor ACSC performance while recirculation of hot plume air only reduces performance by a small amount. Significant improvements in ACSC performance are possible under these conditions if a cost effective skirt is added to the periphery of the ACSC while the installation of a screen under the ACSC has very little effect.
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Honing, Werner. "Steam flow distribution in air-cooled condenser for power plant application." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2540.

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Thesis (MScEng (Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Air-cooled steam condensers are used in arid regions where adequate cooling water is not available or very expensive. In this thesis the effect of steam-side and air-side effects on the condenser performance, steam distribution and critical dephlegmator length is investigated for air-cooled steam condensers as found in power plants. Solutions are found so that no backflow is present in the condenser. Both single and two-row condensers are investigated. The tube inlet loss coefficients have the largest impact on the critical dephlegmator tube length in both the single and two-row condensers. The critical dephlegmator tube lengths were determined for different dividing header inlet geometries and it was found that a step at the inlet to the dividing header resulted in the shortest tubes. Different ambient conditions were found to affect the inlet steam temperature, the steam flow distribution, heat rejection distribution and the critical dephlegmator length for the single and two-row condensers. There were differences in the steam mass flow distributions for the single and two-row condensers with opposite trends being present in parts of the condenser. The single-row condenser’s critical dephlegmator tube lengths were shorter than those of the two-row condenser for the same ambient conditions. Areas of potential backflow change with different ambient conditions and also differ between a single and two-row condenser. The two-row condenser always have an area of potential backflow for the first row at the first condenser fan unit.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Droë lug-verkoelde stoom kondensors word gebruik in droë gebiede waar genoegsame verkoelingswater nie beskikbaar is nie of baie duur is. In hierdie tesis word die effek van stoomkant en lugkant effekte op die vermoë van die kondensor, die stoomvloeiverdeling en kritiese deflegmator lengte ondersoek vir lug-verkoelde stoom kondensors soos gevind in kragstasies. Dit word opgelos sodat daar geen terugvloei in enige van die buise is nie. ʼn Enkel- en dubbelry kondensor word ondersoek. Die inlaatverlieskoëffisiënte van die buise het die grootste impak op die lengte van die kritiese deflegmator buise in beide die enkel- en dubbelry kondensors. Die kritiese deflegmator buis lengtes is bereken vir verskillende verdeelingspyp inlaat geometrië en dit is gevind dat ʼn trap by die inlaat van die verdeelingspyp die kortste buise lewer. Dit is gesien dat verskillende omgewingskondisies die inlaat stoom temperatuur, die stoomvloeiverdeling, die warmteoordrag verdeling en die kritiese lengte van die deflegmator buise vir die enkel- en dubbelry kondensor. Daar was verskille tussen die stoomvloeiverdelings vir die enkel- en dubbelry met teenoorgestelde neigings in dele van die kondensor. Die kritiese deflegmator buis lengte vir die enkelry kondensor was korter as die vir die dubbelry kondensor vir dieselfde omgewingskondisies. Die areas in die kondensor waar terugvloei moontlik kan plaasvind in die kondensor verander met ongewingskondisies en verskil vir die enkel- en dubbelry kondensers. Die dubbelry kondensor het altyd ʼn area van moontlike terugvloei vir die eerste buisry by die eerste kondensor waaiereenheid.
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Books on the topic "Design of air-cooled condenser"

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Practical thermal design of air-cooled heat exchangers. New York: Begell House, 2007.

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Rooyen, J. A. van. Performance trends of an air-cooled steam condenser under windy conditions: PIER final project report. Sacramento, Calif.]: California Energy Commission, 2008.

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Lee, Trevor Maurice. The Beetle metamorphosis: Volkswagen's gradual change of design and marketing philosophy from air-cooled to water-cooled. [Derby]: Derbyshire College of Higher Education, 1985.

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Abdul-Aziz, Ali. Design evaluation using finite element analysis of cooled silicon nitride plates for a turbine blade application. [Cleveland, Ohio]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center, 2001.

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Abdul-Aziz, Ali. Design evaluation using finite element analysis of cooled silicon nitride plates for a turbine blade application. [Cleveland, Ohio]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center, 2001.

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R-2800: Pratt & Whitney's dependable masterpiece. Warrendale, Pa: Society of Automotive Engineers, 2001.

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Performance trends of an air-cooled steam condenser under windy conditions: PIER final project report. [Sacramento, Calif.]: California Energy Commission, 2008.

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van, Rooyen J. A., Kröger Detlev G, California Energy Commission. Public Interest Energy Research., and University of Stellenbosch. Institute for Thermodynamics and Mechanics., eds. Performance trends of an air-cooled steam condenser under windy conditions: PIER final project report. [Sacramento, Calif.]: California Energy Commission, 2008.

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Kroger, Detlev G. Air-Cooled Heat Exchangers and Cooling Towers: Thermal-Flow Performance Evaluation and Design. Begell House Publishers, 1999.

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Air-Cooled Heat Exchangers and Cooling Towers: Thermal-Flow Performance Evaluation and Design, Vol. 1. Penwell Corp., 2004.

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Book chapters on the topic "Design of air-cooled condenser"

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Pate, Michael B. "Design Considerations for Air-Conditioning Evaporator and Condenser Coils." In Two-Phase Flow Heat Exchangers, 849–84. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2790-2_28.

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Dirbude, Sumer, Nashith Khalifa, and Laltu Chandra. "Selective Design of an Experiment for Evaluating Air–Water Hybrid Steam Condenser for Concentrated Solar Power." In Springer Proceedings in Energy, 89–102. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4576-9_9.

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Berryman, R. J. "Condition Monitoring of Air Cooled Heat Exchangers." In Design and Operation of Heat Exchangers, 210–20. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84450-8_20.

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Zhao, Shiquan. "Design of 600MW Air Cooled Double Exhaust Steam Turbine." In Challenges of Power Engineering and Environment, 345–49. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-76694-0_62.

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Zhong, Dantian, Qiang Gao, Jiayu Pan, Zhannan Guo, and Maojun Wang. "Design of Air-Cooled Control System for Intelligent Transformer." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 392–99. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-14118-9_39.

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Panchal, Sanish, Kushang Prajapati, and Suhasini M. Kulkarni. "Behavior of Single Pylon of Air Cooled Condenser Support Structure Under Seismic and Wind Forces." In Engineering Vibration, Communication and Information Processing, 87–97. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1642-5_8.

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Hussain, Taliv, Adnan Hafiz, and Akramuddin. "Exergy Analysis of an Air Conditioning System Using Air-Cooled Condenser at Different Ambient Conditions with Different Volume Flow Rates of Air." In Proceedings of International Conference in Mechanical and Energy Technology, 597–605. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2647-3_55.

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Mälhammar, Åke. "Application of Thermal Territories for Air-Cooled Circuit Board Design." In Thermal Management of Electronic Systems II, 179–86. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5506-9_17.

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Sudani, Jay, Rutvesh Rathod, Harsimran Kassowal, Sunny Patel, Karan Panchal, and Sodagudi Francis Xavier. "Computational Assessment of the Performance of an Air-Cooled Condenser Fan at Different Blade Pitch Angles and Speeds." In Advances in Energy Research, Vol. 1, 429–37. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2666-4_42.

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Khaldi, Fouad, and Mounir Aksas. "A Modified Solar/Gas Thermodynamic Hybridization Scheme in ISCC Plants for Reducing the Air-Cooled Condenser Power Consumption." In Renewable Energy in the Service of Mankind Vol II, 983–92. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18215-5_88.

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Conference papers on the topic "Design of air-cooled condenser"

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Nadig, Ranga, and Dave Sanderlin. "Admission of Bypass Steam Into a Water Cooled Condenser and Air Cooled Condenser: Similarities, Differences and Areas of Concern." In ASME 2014 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2014-32249.

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In power plant locations with adequate supply of cooling water the steam from the steam turbine is condensed in a water cooled condenser. In most instances circulating water from the cooling tower is used to condense the turbine exhaust steam. In other instances once through cooling is deployed wherein water from a lake, river or sea is used to condense the turbine exhaust steam. In water challenged locations or locations where wet cooling cannot be deployed due to permitting or regulatory issues, the steam from the steam turbine is condensed in an air cooled condenser (ACC) wherein ambient air is used to cool and condense the turbine exhaust steam. In a combined cycle plant, during normal operation, the water or air cooled condenser condenses the turbine exhaust steam. During bypass operation, when the steam turbine is out of service, the high-pressure steam from the HRSG is attemperated in a pressure reducing/desuperheating (PRD) valve and then admitted into the water cooled or air cooled condenser. The bypass steam flow is substantially higher than the design turbine exhaust steam flow and the duration of bypass operation can vary from a few hours to several weeks. The requirements for admission of bypass steam into a water cooled condenser are substantially different from that for an air cooled condenser. In a water cooled condenser the bypass steam is admitted in the steam dome. The bypass steam as well as the turbine exhaust steam is condensed outside the tubes. In an air cooled condenser the bypass steam is admitted in the large diameter steam duct. The bypass, as well as the turbine exhaust steam (normal operation), is condensed inside the tubes. There are similarities and differences in the requirements for admission of bypass steam into a water cooled and air cooled condenser. The differences must be identified and addressed to ensure safe and reliable performance of the condenser.
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O’Donovan, A., R. Grimes, E. J. Walsh, J. Moore, and N. Reams. "Steam-Side Characterisation of a Modular Air-Cooled Condenser." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-87846.

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Diminishing fossil fuel reserves and a growing collective environmental awareness has led to the development of alternative methods of power generation such as Concentrated Solar Power (CSP). Although almost all existing CSP plants currently use water-cooled condensers, limited water supplies in the designated desert regions for such power plants, the high costs associated with providing cooling water and environmental considerations will all restrict the future use of water-cooled condensers. Air-cooled condensers (ACCs) are therefore proposed, despite evidence to suggest that they suffer from significant inefficiencies [1]. It has been suggested that a modular design, addressed in this paper, could offer solutions to issues with current ACC technologies. To fully characterise the modular ACC design it is necessary to quantify the steam-side characteristics. A series of tests were performed under vacuum conditions representative of an operational condenser. The condenser vacuum was measured for a series of incremental fan rotational speeds, to determine both the qualitative and quantitative relationship between fan speed and condenser pressure. Results indicate that for a given steam mass flow rate, the condenser pressure decreases with increasing fan rotational speed. Furthermore, the choice of vacuum pump, used to displace air leakages, was shown to have a significant influence on the steam-side response. Larger displacement-capacity vacuum pumps permit lower condenser pressures. The steam condensation pressure drop through the condenser tubes was also measured. Results for the measured pressure drop revealed a large level of momentum recovery, which is not uncommon in steam condensation processes. Experimental frictional pressure drops were determined and these compared favourably with certain two-phase frictional pressure drop correlations. In particular, the Lockhart & Martinelli correlation was found to be most capable of predicting the frictional pressure drop trends encountered during testing. The large level of agreement between the measurements and predictions provide confidence in future use of the Lockhart & Martinelli correlation to predict frictional pressure losses.
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Maulbetsch, John S., Michael N. DiFilippo, and Joseph O’Hagan. "Effect of Wind on Air-Cooled Condenser Performance." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-63157.

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This paper documents the results of a field tests to determine the effect of wind on the performance of air-cooled condensers (ACCs) at power plants. Continuous measurements of wind speed, wind direction, cell inlet temperature and air flow and plant operating variables were made for several days at the El Dorado Energy Center. ACC performance was shown to be affected both by hot air recirculation and by fan performance degradation. Average recirculation, defined as the difference between the average cell inlet temperature and the far-field inlet temperature, was usually less than 3 °F. Occasional excursions to 4 to 10 °F were noted. Fan performance degradation is more difficult to quantify or generalize. Under low wind conditions this was typically close to the design value. The reduction in air flow, estimated from inlet velocity measurements would sometimes exceed 60 to 70% of the average flow in cells near the edge of the ACC during high wind conditions. Fan performance degradation appears to be the more important mechanism. Comparisons with flow modeling results support design recommendations for suppressing unfavorable flow patterns under the ACC.
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Walsh, E. J., R. Grimes, and G. Griffin. "Flow Distribution Measurements From an Air Cooled Condenser in a ~400MW Power Plant." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-62538.

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The use of air cooled condensers in power generation is increasing in many arid regions of the world. The classical A-frame condenser design is implemented in most new installations despite significant empirical evidence that such designs suffer from poor efficiencies and weather effects, and therefore provide significant scope for improvements. An inefficient condenser results in higher back pressure on the turbine, over-sized condensers and increased fan power. This paper addresses the flow distribution from an air cooled condenser for a ∼400MW gas and steam power plant. The results indicate that the flow patterns from the large scale fans results in a severe inhomogeneous distribution of cooling on the condenser fins. These region of high and low velocity are closely related to the outlet flow pattern from the fans, where in the hub region the air mass flow rate is reduced, while in the tip region it is increased. These measurements provide an excellent basis for both understanding the existing deficiencies of the A-frame designs and moreover provide direction for improved designs in the future.
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Moore, J., R. Grimes, and E. J. Walsh. "Performance Analysis of a Modular Air Cooled Condenser for a Concentrated Solar Power Plant." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-87873.

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The use of air cooled condensers in power generation facilities is increasing in arid regions around the world. There is a specific requirement for more efficient air cooling technologies to be developed for Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) plants. This paper aims at determining the effects of various condenser design features on CSP plant output. In particular this paper considers a modular condenser and focuses on designing a suitable compact heat sink to be coupled with a variable speed fan array. Tube banks with radial fins have been used for decades to heat and cool gases and numerous correlations exist to predict the performance of such a heat exchanger. The initial design of this air-cooled condenser is essentially a tube bundle consisting of 6 rows of helically finned round tubes in an equilateral staggered arrangement. A laboratory-scale steady state test facility was designed to investigate the accuracy of the relevant correlations for the given design. Due to an undesired phenomenon which exists in multi-row condensers known as backflow, an investigation was performed to analyze the performance of the tube bank with fewer tube rows. The thermal and hydraulic performance for a tube bundle with a different number of tube rows was measured and found to be within 10–18% of the existing correlations. New correlations for heat transfer and pressure drop for the given design are presented for greater accuracy in the calculation of the condenser performance. These correlations, based on the measured data were combined with performance characteristics from a steam turbine to model the thermodynamic plant performance incorporating the various condenser designs. The investigation shows that for each condenser size, design and ambient temperature, an optimum fan speed exists which maximizes plant output. Further analysis shows that for a 1000 module condenser, a 4 row condenser results in the highest plant output, with a loss in efficiency due to condenser operation of 1.85%. A 2 row condenser also performs relatively well with 600 or more modules. This analysis shows that a condenser consisting of a series of such modules, can tightly control and optimize the net plant output power by simply varying fan speed.
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Perez Reisler, Rafael A., Jorge E. Gonza´lez, Hector M. Sanchez, and Luis H. Alva. "Design and Construction of a Compact Air-Cooled Absorption Machine for Solar Energy Applications." In ASME 2004 International Solar Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isec2004-65097.

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This paper presents a methodical procedure for the design and sizing of a compact, water fired, air-cooled absorption chiller. The proposed compact machine uses Lithium-Bromide/Water as absorbent/refrigerant fluid pair. The machine was designed using a detailed heat transfer analysis for each individual component (i.e. desorber, condenser, absorber and evaporator). The condenser uses conventional fin-tube heat transfer surfaces while the evaporator uses an inner corrugated surface to increase the heat transfer area. The generator has a concentric tube arrangement in which the dilute solution is in the inner section and the heating water flows in the outside section. This arrangement results in a regeneration effect at temperatures close to 75°C which can be easily provided with solar collectors. The absorber and evaporator work together as a single unit. The vapor exiting the evaporator comes into thermal contact with the concentrated LiBr solution that enters the absorber from the top and falls inside the vertical tubes, creating the absorption effect. Moreover, air is cooling the outside surface of the tubes removing the heat released during the absorption process. The evaporator was designed to be a falling film evaporator such that when applying the cooling load, condensed water falling on the evaporator tubes evaporates and rises through the vertical tubes of the absorber. A set of highly efficient fans are used to bring outside air to remove the necessary heat in both the absorber and condenser, respectively. Furthermore, all system components have been constructed and assembled into a working prototype of variable cooling capacity between 10.5 to 17.5 kW having final dimensions equivalent to a volume of 5 m3. The preliminary characterization of the thermal performance of this prototype is presented in the paper with the objective of validating the design methodology.
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Hanks, Daniel F., Teresa B. Peters, John G. Brisson, and Evelyn N. Wang. "Characterization of a Condenser for a High Performance Multi-Condenser Loop Heat Pipe." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-63250.

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We experimentally characterized a condenser design for a multi-condenser loop heat pipe (LHP) capable of dissipating 1000 W. The LHP is designed for integration into a high performance air-cooled heat sink to address thermal management challenges in advanced electronic systems. The multi-layer stack of condensers utilizes a sintered wick design to stabilize the liquid-vapor interface and prevent liquid flooding of the lower condenser layers in the presence of a gravitational head. In addition a liquid subcooler is incorporated to suppress vapor flashing in the liquid return line. We fabricated the condensers using photo-chemically etched Monel frames with Monel sintered wicks with particle sizes up to 44 μm. We characterized the performance of the condensers in a custom experimental flow rig that monitors the pressure and temperatures of the vapor and liquid. The condenser dissipated the required heat load with a subcooling of up to 18°C, while maintaining a stable liquid-vapor interface with a capillary pressure of 6.2 kPa. In the future, we will incorporate the condenser into a loop heat pipe for a high performance air-cooled heat sink.
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Saleh, Ahmad, and Jayanta Kapat. "Comprehensive Reduction of Thermal Resistance in Air Cooled Condensers." In ASME 2015 Power Conference collocated with the ASME 2015 9th International Conference on Energy Sustainability, the ASME 2015 13th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology, and the ASME 2015 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2015-49363.

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Restriction on water consumption is becoming an increasing problem for the power generation industry. As an alternative both to once-through cooling and to surface condenser/wet-cooling tower combination, utility companies and equipment manufacturers are considering, and even implementing, air-cooled condenser (ACC). However, the industry is quite reluctant to switch over to ACC for three important reasons: (a) lower power output, (b) higher capital cost, and (c) larger physical foot-print, all because of the same reason — it is not as efficient to transfer heat from condensing steam to air as it is to transfer to water. In other words, overall thermal resistance from condensing steam to the ambient air is significantly higher than to cooling water. To get a clear and full understanding of the heat transfer process occur in air-cooling condenser, Detailed mathematical equations were derived to model the heat transfer process through the fined-tubes of the ACC. The total thermal resistance model was analyzed and investigated to identify the design components with highest affect in the process. The paper proposes a viable cooling system based on novel heat pipe technology which addresses these problems. This technology employs boiling as the means to store and transfer heat energy. A detailed mathematical set of equations was derived to model the heat pipe thermal resistance. A comparison of the heat transfer performances of the ACC technology and the proposed method is presented. The proposed cooling system suggests a solution for each of the three components of the thermal resistance, the super-hydrophobic coating of the steam ducts internal surfaces increased the condensing heat transfer rate by an order of magnitude, the proposed design of the heat pipes improved the external heat transfer, and the installation mechanism improves the fin efficiency by eliminating the contact resistance between steam duct and the heat pipe.
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Bansal, Mehul, Behnam Ghalamchi, and Jussi Sopanen. "Theoretical Investigation Into Air Cooled Condenser Performance Optimization Through Parameterization for a 10 MW Power Plant." In ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-70530.

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Cooling is a significant part of any power generation cycle. An Air Cooled Condenser (ACC) is used to condense steam vapors from the steam turbine, lower heat rejection temperature and increase the power generation efficiency. An ACC works in a closed loop with the power turbine and its performance is directly linked to the power output of the power plant. In this paper, the heat transfer characteristics of ACCs are evaluated based on condenser design theory. For a given set of operating conditions and process parameters, it is possible to have multiple ACC designs. A case study has been presented on design optimization for real world steam turbine process parameters. The design optimization has been carried out through the parameterization of ACC parameters including, tube and fin diameters, their number, fin height, pitch, spacing and thickness. Each design parameter is affected by multiple ACC parameters and operating variables, which makes the optimization process challenging. Therefore, such optimization requires very systematic methodologies that are presented in the paper. Most commercial ACCs are designed through software simulations, that perform iterations based on the design criteria set by the user to arrive at an optimum design. The knowledge and results from the paper will help designers understand the contribution of critical ACC parameters affecting overall performance and input the best design criteria. This will help the industry to design thermally optimized ACCs.
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Liu, Huichao, and Wei Wang. "Closed-loop Design and Simulation Analysis for Condenser Pressure Control on Direct Air-cooled Units." In 5th International Conference on Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Energy (5th ICMEME2016). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icmeme-16.2016.25.

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Reports on the topic "Design of air-cooled condenser"

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Mortensen, Ken. Improved Performance of an Air Cooled Condenser (ACC) Using SPX Wind Guide Technology at Coal-Based Thermoelectric Power Plants. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1025180.

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Waye, Scot. High-Temperature Air-Cooled Power Electronics Thermal Design: Annual Progress Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1293811.

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Visser, A., and J. Pathiyil. Design note of an air-cooled 2 ft x 2 ft x 10. 5 ft long muon spoiler. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5550635.

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Lisowski, D. D., M. T. Farmer, S. Lomperski, D. J. Kilsdonk, N. Bremer, and R. W. Aeschlimann. Design Report for the ½ Scale Air-Cooled RCCS Tests in the Natural convection Shutdown heat removal Test Facility (NSTF). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1184668.

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HVAC [Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning] subsystem design description: 4 x 350 MW(t) Modular HTGR [High-Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor] Plant. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/464351.

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