Journal articles: 'Design of air-cooled condenser'

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Wang, Xue Dong, Yan Juan Zheng, and Tao Luan. "Optimizing Design of Direct Air-Cooled Condenser." Advanced Materials Research 354-355 (October 2011): 406–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.354-355.406.

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The optimizing design approach of direct air-cooled system was described in detail in this paper. Based on the approach, the wind speed, ambient temperature and heat transfer area of air-cooled condenser were considered to meet the design parameters and the rated power. The optimizing results and economic analysis were discussed.

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Lau, S. C., K. Annamalai, and S. V. Shelton. "Optimization of Air-Cooled Condensers." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 109, no. 2 (June 1, 1987): 90–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3231331.

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The essential design parameters for determining the optimum configuration of an air-cooled condenser are identified in this paper. For a power plant operating on a Rankine cycle, expressions for (i) the minimum frontal area, (ii) the minimum heat transfer area, and for (iii) the maximum net cycle efficiency, with respect to the condenser temperature and the cooling air velocity are derived. The analyses are carried out with the assumption that the exit temperature of the cooling air is equal to the condenser temperature. All resulting equations are presented in dimensionless form so that they are applicable to any power cycle with a gas-cooled condenser.

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Lv, Yi, Hui Zhang, Yu Jin Yue, Li Jun Yang, and Xiao Dong Zhang. "Deviation Analysis on Flow and Heat Transfer Model of Large Air-Cooled Steam Condenser Unit." Advanced Materials Research 860-863 (December 2013): 656–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.860-863.656.

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Many power plants adopt air-cooled condensers (ACC) with finned tubes, using ambient air to condense turbine exhaust steam. Each condenser unit is mainly composed of two heat transfer surfaces like A and large diameter axial flow fans driving air. In the study of environmental wind effects, etc, due to the condenser unit size is bigger, it is necessary to simplify the condenser unit internal flow and heat transfer calculation, but the deviations introduced by these simplifies failed to get enough attention. In view of one condenser unit, three kinds of flow and heat tansfer combinated model were respectively investigated. A computational fluid dynamics software (CFD) is used to solve the problem.Research priority is analyzing the deviations of internal flow and heat transfer features in the condenser unit according to the extracted datum. The study gives some useful informatin to the design of a thermal power plant with an ACC system.

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Říhová, Zdeňka, and Markéta Kočová. "Technological Structures for Air Cooled Condensers." European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 4, no. 11 (November 30, 2019): 93–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2019.4.11.1622.

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This paper summarizes the knowledge and results obtained in the field of designing technological platforms for energy industry. Optimal solution of the layout of elements and material of a number of technological platforms with a specific number of modules was searched. Technological platforms are the main supporting structure of the air-cooled condensers (ACC), which ensure cooling of plants. The fundament of the solution is based on the schema that the platform is composed from the at least one standardized bed containing the supporting surface equipped with the supporting columns and at least one horizontal segment for the condenser exchanger support. The platform structure must ensure sufficient spatial rigidity and stability and ACC functionality. Design requirements are defined both by size and weight of each single module of condenser and the total number of modules in assembly.

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Yu, F. W., and K. T. Chan. "Improved condenser design and condenser-fan operation for air-cooled chillers." Applied Energy 83, no. 6 (June 2006): 628–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2005.05.007.

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Mansour, M. Khamis, M. N. Musa, and M. N. Wan Hassan. "Thermal and economical optimization for a finned-tube, air-cooled condenser design of a roof-top bus air-conditioning system." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 221, no. 11 (November 1, 2007): 1363–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544062jmes635.

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The current paper presents a methodology of a design optimization technique that can be useful in assessing the best configuration of a finned-tube condenser, using a thermal and economical optimization approach. The assessment has been carried out on an air-cooled finned-tube condenser of a vapour compression cycle for a roof-top bus air-conditioning system at a specified cooling capacity. The methodology has been conducted by studying the effect of some operational and geometrical design parameters for the condenser on the entire cycle exergy destruction or irreversibility, air-conditioning system coefficient of performance (COP), and total annual cost. The heat exchangers for the bus air-conditioning system are featured by a very compact frontal area due to the stringent space limitations and structure standard for the system installation. Therefore, the current study also takes in its account the effect of the varying design parameters on the condenser frontal area. The irreversibility due to heat transfer across the stream-to-stream temperature-difference and due to frictional pressure-drops is calculated as a function of the design parameters. A cost function is introduced, defined as the sum of two contributions, the investment expense of the condenser material and the system compressor, and the operational expense of air-conditioning system, which is usually driven by an auxiliary engine or coupled with the main bus engine. The optimal trade-off between investment and operating cost is therefore investigated. A numerical example is discussed, in which, a comparison between the commercial condenser design and optimal design configuration has been presented in terms of the system COP and condenser material cost. The results show that a significant improvement can be obtained for the optimal condenser design compared to that of the commercial finned-tube condenser, which is designed based on the conventional values of the design parameters.

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Kula, Sinan. "Design Studies of Two Stage Cooling Loop for New Generation Vehicles." Academic Perspective Procedia 3, no. 1 (October 25, 2020): 550–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.33793/acperpro.03.01.104.

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In this article, the design and integration of an intelligent refrigeration system that increases air conditioning and engine efficiency, reduces fuel consumption and emission levels in vehicles manufactured today will be examined. This design will include a two-stage cooling system. Two-stage cooling unit consist; high temperature radiator and low temperature radiator. The engine coolant will be cooled in the high temperature radiator. In the low temperature radiator, coolant of water cooled air charger and air conditioning condenser will be cooled. It is aimed to increase the engine efficiency by cooling more efficiently, thanks to the heat carrying capacity of the water which is high compared to air. With this project, it is aimed to cool the heated air after the turbocharging and air conditioning gas in the vehicle with water instead of air.

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Wu, Wu Chieh, Tzong Shing Lee, and Chich Hsiang Chang. "Improved Energy Performance of Air-Cooled Liquid Chillers with Innovative Condensing-Coil Configurations." Applied Mechanics and Materials 284-287 (January 2013): 785–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.284-287.785.

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The purpose of this study was to develop mathematical models for air-cooled chillers and their components using innovative varied row configurations as a parameter analysis model followed by a simulation of actual operational performance. In this manner, we were able to observe the increase in performance of air-cooled chillers and the energy transfer efficiency of individual components. This study found that the innovative varied row configuration (Type C) can increase the COP of air-cooled chiller by 6.7% over that of traditional condensing-coil configuration (Type A) with an increase in total irreversibility and the irreversibility of the condenser of 8.4% and 4.1%, respectively; Type C can increase the COP of air-cooled chiller by 3.3% over that of the best condensing-coil configuration (Type B) with an increase in total irreversibility and the irreversibility of the condenser of 1.6% and 4.6%, respectively. We believe that the results of this research can provide an important basis of reference for future design of air-cooled chiller units.

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Bae, S. J., H. S. Heo, C. J. Kim, and H. Y. Lee. "Design of an air-cooled condenser for engine coolant waste heat recovery." International Journal of Automotive Technology 16, no. 1 (February 2015): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12239-015-0002-9.

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North, M. T., and C. T. Avedisian. "Heat Pipes for Cooling High Flux/High Power Semiconductor Chips." Journal of Electronic Packaging 115, no. 1 (March 1, 1993): 112–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2909290.

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Results of an experimental study are reported which demonstrate the ability of heat pipes to simultaneously dissipate high heat fluxes and high total power at low surface temperatures. The application is to cooling high power density (and high total power) semiconductor chip modules. The two designs studied incorporate air or liquid cooling in the condenser sections. The air-cooled design consisted of a manifold base plate with a series of holes drilled in it each of which was lined with sintered copper powder which served as the wick. An array of wick lined tubes was attached normal to the plate and served as the condenser section. The other heat pipe was disk shaped and also had a sintered wick structure. Cooling water channels were placed over the entire periphery of the housing except in the region of heat input. Reported steady heat fluxes are up to 31 W/cm2 corresponding to total power dissipation of up to 1400 W for the water cooled heat pipe and up to 47 W/cm2 (900 W total power) for the air cooled heat pipe with surface temperatures under 100°C.

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V. Bharambe, Sanjana, Susmit A. Mulay, and Suyash Jadhav. "Design and Analysis of Water Cooled Condenser." International Journal of Mechanical Engineering 4, no. 6 (June 25, 2017): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.14445/23488360/ijme-v4i6p101.

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Zhou, Dong Yi, and Chu Ping Shi. "Design of Multi-Function Refrigerator with Refrigeration and Constant Temperature and Hot Water." Advanced Materials Research 860-863 (December 2013): 1670–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.860-863.1670.

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A new model of the refrigerator with refrigeration and constant temperature and hot water has been trial-produced. The new refrigerator can not only keep refrigerated food quality, but also be used for heating or keeping food temperature constant, and supply hot water for us. The subsystems of condenser have been analyzed and designed including air-cooled method and water-cooled method. According to the theoretical calculation, the temperature in constant temperature box can keep about 50°C and 18.46 Kg hot water can be provided per hour.

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Romahadi, Dedik, Nanang Ruhyat, and L. B. Desti Dorion. "CONDENSOR DESIGN ANALYSIS WITH KAYS AND LONDON SURFACE DIMENSIONS." SINERGI 24, no. 2 (April 17, 2020): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.22441/sinergi.2020.2.001.

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The use of condensers in air conditioning units is more common in large-capacity units than in ones with a smaller capacity. Air conditioning provides comfort and freshness to an air-conditioned room. It should be noted that each room has a different heat load, which affects the specifications of the condenser used. The accuracy with which appropriate condenser specifications are determined affects the performance of the air conditioner. Thus, considering how important condenser needs are, it is necessary to design condensers with optimal performance, which adhere to proven standards. To achieve this, the design of a condenser should be based on the results of the smallest condenser dimensions of three types of surfaces, as they are intended for a limited place. This condenser design uses the standard dimensions of the Kays and London charts. Data is collected by measuring the results of temperature and enthalpy of a refrigerant at desuperheating and condensation, inlet air temperature, outlet air temperature, refrigerant mass flow rate, and air mass flow rate. The results of the compact condenser design are based on existing data, which is obtained from the smallest design results. The result uses the type of Surface CF-8.72(c) with a heat transfer area of 0.259 m2, a total tube length of 9.5 m, crossing tube length 0.594 m and a pressure drop of 3778 Pascal (Pa) on the side of a tube. This design fulfills the stipulated requirements, as the pressure drop is less than the specified maximum limit in most units.

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Parin D. Shah, Parin D. Shah, and Shreya Sahajpal. "Thermal Design and Performance Comparison of Water and Air-cooled Ammonia Condensers for Refrigeration Systems." Indian Journal of Applied Research 3, no. 7 (October 1, 2011): 218–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/july2013/68.

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Alva, Luis H., and Jorge E. Gonza´lez. "Simulation of an Air-Cooled Solar-Assisted Absorption Air Conditioning System." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 124, no. 3 (August 1, 2002): 276–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1487885.

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This paper investigates the technical feasibility of using a compact, air-cooled, solar-assisted, absorption air conditioning system in Puerto Rico and similar regions. Computer simulations were conducted to evaluate the system’s performance when subjected to dynamic cooling loads. Within the computer model, heat and mass balances are conducted on each component of the system, including the solar collectors, thermal storage tank, the air-cooled condenser, and the air-cooled absorber. Guidance on component design and insight into the effects of such operating factors as ambient air temperature were gained from exercizing the simulation model. Comparisons are made with an absorption air conditioning system that uses a cooling tower instead of air-cooled components. The particular absorption system of study is one that uses lithium bromide and water as the absorbent and refrigerant, respectively. The heat input to the absorption system generator is provided by an array of flat plate collectors that are coupled to a thermal storage tank. Systems having nominal cooling capacities of 10.5, 14, and 17.5 kW were considered. Useful information about the number of collectors needed, storage tank volume, and efficiency of the overall system is presented.

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Cai, Wei, Xiao Man Du, and Zhao Hui Wu. "A Preliminary Research on Operation Mode of Condensing Heat Recovery Hot Water Supply System for Water-Cooled Chillers." Applied Mechanics and Materials 55-57 (May 2011): 618–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.55-57.618.

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The objective of the present paper is to investigate the condenser heat recovery in water-cooled chiller system. According to the technology characteristics of vapor compression refrigerating cycle, the viewpoint of condensing heat reclaim was proposed, and heat recovery system can be used in buildings. Air-cooled and water-cooled chillers with heat reclaim capability were discussed. Three optimized water system designs were introduced for more heat recovery or higher heating water temperature. The results show that it is very useful for designing and developing the new heat recovery unit with high efficiency, energy conservation, and environmental protection by analyzing the feature feasibility of condenser heat recovery system. The control of entering-condenser water temperature is recommended for higher chiller efficiency and operating steadily, the water system designs of preferential loading and side stream are for more heat recovery.

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Moore, J., R.Grimes, A. O’Donovan, and E. Walsh. "Design and Testing of a Novel Air-cooled Condenser for Concentrated Solar Power Plants." Energy Procedia 49 (2014): 1439–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2014.03.153.

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Ghettini, Simone, Alessandro Sorce, and Roberto Sacile. "Data-Driven Air-Cooled Condenser Performance Assessment: Model and Input Variable Selection Comparison." E3S Web of Conferences 197 (2020): 10003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202019710003.

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This paper presents a data–driven model for the estimation of the performance of an aircooled steam condenser (ACC) with the aim to develop an efficient online monitoring, summarized by the condenser pressure (or vacuum) as Key Performance Indicator. The estimation of the ACC performance model was based on different dataset from three different combined cycle power plants with a gross power of above 380 MWe each, focusing on stationary condition of the steam turbine. The datasets include both boundary (e.g. Ambient Temperature, Wind Speed) and operative parameters (e.g. steam mass flow rate, Steam turbine power, electrical load of the ACC fans) acquired from the power plants and some derived variable as the incondensable fraction, which calculation is here proposed as additional parameter. After a preliminary sensitivity analysis on data correlation, the paper focuses on the evaluation of different ACC Condenser models: Semi-Empirical model is described trough curves typically based on steam mass flow rate (or condenser load) and the ambient temperature as main parameters. Since monitoring based on ACC design curves Semi-Empirical models, provides biased poor results, with an error of about 15%, the curves parameters were estimated basing on training data set. Other two data driven models were presented, basing on a neural network modelling and multi linear regression technique and compared on the base of the reduced number of input at first and then including aldo the other process variables in the prediction of the condenser back pressure. Estimate the parameters of the Semi-Empirical model, results in a better prediction if just steam mass flow rate and ambient temperature are available, with an error of the 7%, thanks to the knowledge contained within the “curves shapes”, with respect to linear regression (8.3%) and Neural Network models (7.6%). Higher accuracy can be then obtained by considering a larger number of operative parameters and exploiting more complex data-driven model. With a higher number of features, the neural network model has proved a higher accuracy than the linear regression model. In fact, the mean percentage error of the NN model (2.6%), in all plant operating conditions, is slightly lower than the error of the linear regression model, but presents and much lower than the mean error of the Semi-Empirical model thanks to the additional data-based knowledge.

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Salah Yahia Al-Khayatt, Firas. "Simulation and Design of a Finned tube air cooled condenser used in absorption refrigeration systems." AL-Rafdain Engineering Journal (AREJ) 19, no. 4 (August 28, 2011): 89–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.33899/rengj.2011.26780.

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Kaya, Alihan, Marija Lazova, Özer Bağcı, Steven Lecompte, Bernd Ameel, and Michel De Paepe. "Design Sensitivity Analysis of a Plate-Finned Air-Cooled Condenser for Low-Temperature Organic Rankine Cycles." Heat Transfer Engineering 38, no. 11-12 (September 13, 2016): 1018–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01457632.2016.1216966.

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Santos, Alexandre F., Pedro D. Gaspar, and Heraldo J. L. de Souza. "Evaluation of the Thermal Performance and Energy Efficiency of CRAC Equipment through Mathematical Modeling Using a New Index COP WEUED." Applied Sciences 11, no. 13 (June 26, 2021): 5950. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11135950.

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As the world data traffic increasingly grows, the need for computer room air conditioning (CRAC)-type equipment grows proportionally. The air conditioning equipment is responsible for approximately 38% of the energy consumption of data centers. The energy efficiency of these pieces of equipment is compared according to the Energy Standard ASHRAE 90.1-2019, using the index Net Sensible Coefficient Of Performance (NetSCOP). This method benefits fixed-speed compressor equipment with a constant inlet temperature air-cooled condenser (35 °C). A new method, COP WEUED (COP–world energy usage effectiveness design), is proposed based on the IPLV (integrated part load value) methodology. The IPLV is an index focused on partial thermal loads and outdoor temperature data variation for air intake in the condenser. It is based on the average temperatures of the USA’s 29 major cities. The new method is based on the 29 largest cities worldwide and with data-center-specific indoor temperature conditions. For the same inverter compressor, efficiencies of 4.03 and 4.92 kW/kW were obtained, using ASHRAE 90.1-2019 and the proposed method, respectively. This difference of almost 20% between methods is justified because, during less than 5% of the annual hours, the inlet air temperature in the condenser is close to the NetSCOP indication.

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Huang, Chung Neng, Ying Han Ye, and Chien Kuo Lan. "The Development of Dual-Effect Fuzzy Control System Based on FPGA." Applied Mechanics and Materials 321-324 (June 2013): 1645–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.321-324.1645.

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The water misting cooling has phase change characteristics,so the cooling efficiency is better than water cooled ,and more saveing energy、save water、less noise ,It is being widely used in the air conditioning system for the condenser cooling. In order to enhance the cooling efficiency of the water misting cooling system and improve the efficiency of the air conditioning system in the cold room, In the study use ultrasonic water misting cooling chiller for controlled object, and proposed the dual-effect fuzzy control system controller’s design concepts ,carry out the fuzzy controller and the control circuit in the FPGA chip to reach the goal of the product, After the relevant tests that is differing from traditional air-cooled water chillers. In the study, in addition to improve the shortcomings of traditional chiller energy consumption, to enhance the efficiency of water misting cooling system, achieve more saving energy and high efficiency control purposes.

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Bae, Sukjung, Hyungseok Heo, Jeongsang Park, Hongyeol Lee, and Charnjung Kim. "A Design Process for Reduction of Pressure Drop of Air-cooled Condenser for Waste Heat Recovery System." Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers 21, no. 6 (November 1, 2013): 81–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.7467/ksae.2013.21.6.081.

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Xu, Li, Yan-Ping Chen, Po-Hsien Wu, and Bin-Juine Huang. "Humidification–Dehumidification (HDH) Desalination System with Air-Cooling Condenser and Cellulose Evaporative Pad." Water 12, no. 1 (January 2, 2020): 142. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12010142.

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This paper presents a humidification–dehumidification (HDH) desalination system with an air-cooling condenser. Seawater in copper tubes is usually used in a condenser, but it has shown the drawbacks of pipe erosion, high cost of the copper material, etc. If air could be used as the cooling medium, it could not only avoid the above drawbacks but also allow much more flexible structure design of condensers, although the challenge is whether the air-cooing condenser can provide as much cooling capability as water cooling condensers. There is no previous work that uses air as cooling medium in a condenser of a HDH desalination system to the best of our knowledge. In this paper we designed a unique air-cooling condenser that was composed of closely packed hollow polycarbonate (PC) boards. The structure was designed to create large surface area of 13.5 m2 with the volume of only 0.1 m3. The 0.2 mm thin thickness of the material helped to reduce the thermal resistance between the warm humid air and cooling air. A fan was used to suck the ambient air in and out of the condenser as an open system to the environment. Results show that the air-cooling condenser could provide high cooling capability to produce fresh water efficiently. Meanwhile, cellulous pad material was used in the humidifier to enhance the evaporative process. A maximum productivity of 129 kg/day was achieved using the humidifier with a 0.0525 m3 cellulous pad with a water temperature of 49.5 °C. The maximum gained output ratio (GOR) was 0.53, and the maximum coefficient of performance (COP) was 20.7 for waste heat recovery. It was found that the system performance was compromised as the ambient temperature increased due to the increased temperature of cooling air; however, such an effect could be compensated by increasing the volume of the condenser.

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Patil, G. B., S. D. Pawar, and J. L. Bhosale. "Air Ion Counter Design Using Gerdien Condenser." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1172 (March 2019): 012010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1172/1/012010.

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Kumar, Ankur, Jyeshtharaj B. Joshi, Arun K. Nayak, and Pallippattu K. Vijayan. "3D CFD simulations of air cooled condenser-III: Thermal–hydraulic characteristics and design optimization under forced convection conditions." International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 93 (February 2016): 1227–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2015.10.048.

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Webb, R. L., M. D. Gilley, and V. Zarnescu. "Advanced Heat Exchange Technology for Thermoelectric Cooling Devices." Journal of Electronic Packaging 120, no. 1 (March 1, 1998): 98–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2792292.

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Thermoelectric coolers (TEC) are potentially ideal devices to cool electronic components or small electronic enclosures. However, practical heat exchange can limit the COP and restrict the range of useful applications. The TEC must reject heat from the hot side to the ambient, which is typically air. The COP can be increased by reducing the hot-side temperature, which requires a high-performance heat exchanger. An understanding of the heat sources in the TEC is presented, and relations are presented to define the hot-side thermal resistance required to operate at desired operating conditions. A novel air-cooled thermosyphon reboiler-condenser system has been developed that promises significantly higher COP for thermoelectric coolers than is possible with current heat exchange technology. This heat exchanger design concept is described and compared to conventional technology.

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Take, Koichiro, and Ralph L. Webb. "Thermal Performance of Integrated Plate Heat Pipe With a Heat Spreader." Journal of Electronic Packaging 123, no. 3 (April 1, 2000): 189–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1348010.

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The air flow rate available for cooling of notebook computers is very limited. Thus, notebook computer manufacturers desire a “passive” cooling method. Heat pipes are typically used to transport the heat from the CPU to a forced convection, air-cooled condenser. This paper describes a passive, keyboard sized aluminum Integrated Plate Heat Pipe (IP-HP) that has been developed for notebook computers. Analysis was performed to estimate the several thermal resistances in the heat pipe, including the effect of the vapor pressure drop. The modified design using a heat spreader at the evaporator significantly reduces the heat pipe resistance. Further work was done to evaluate the thermal contact resistance at the IP-HP/CPU interface. Test results show that the IP-HP can reject 18 W while maintaining the CPU 65°C above ambient temperature.

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Yuan, Wei, Fengzhong Sun, Yuanbin Zhao, Xuehong Chen, Ying Li, and Xiaolei Lyu. "Numerical Study on the Influence Mechanism of Crosswind on Frozen Phenomena in a Direct Air-Cooled System." Energies 13, no. 15 (July 25, 2020): 3831. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13153831.

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The frozen phenomenon is unfavorable for the direct air-cooled condensers (DACCs) in a very cold area. The effect of crosswind on frozen phenomena in DACCs at the representative 2 × 350 MW thermal power units was investigated numerically. Results showed that when the crosswind velocity was 4 m·s−1, the number of frozen air-cooled units reached a maximum of six. The increase of vortex range in the air-cooled unit was one of the important reasons to restrain the formation of frozen phenomena at a crosswind velocity from 4 m·s−1 to 12 m·s−1. The frozen phenomena in the DACC disappeared when the crosswind velocity was 12 m·s−1. As the crosswind velocity continued to increase to 28 m·s−1, the frozen region mainly appeared at the position of column 1 row 4, where the airflow rate was the maximum and the inlet air temperature was the minimum among all air-cooled units. This phenomenon occurred because there existed a relatively high-pressure zone near the inlet of each frozen air-cooled unit. In addition, although the frozen area increased from one-third of the air-cooled unit surface to half with the crosswind velocity from 20 m·s−1 to 28 m·s−1, the flow characteristics and the size of vortices in the air-cooled unit were similar in the above two crosswind conditions. Therefore, the key influencing factor became the airflow rate and the inlet air temperature of the air-cooled units under strong crosswind conditions. This study has important guiding significance for the antifreezing design and operation of DACCs.

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Ni, Yi Hua, Hai Guo, Jian Wu, and Jiang Xin Yang. "Structure of Parametric Designing Simulation Platform of Automotive Air Conditioning Condenser." Applied Mechanics and Materials 220-223 (November 2012): 689–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.220-223.689.

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The physical and mathematical model of parallel flow automotive air condition condenser was built based on the analysis of its structure and operating characteristics; then the mathematical model was verified and optimized through finite element analysis and running experiments. The VB programming system was used to do Solidworks pro-development and condenser parameterization design module was built. Finally a condenser design and study platform facing to the heat transfer performance and structure with infinite element simulation and numerical simulation was realized.

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Fan, Dong, Xu, Teng, Yan, and Zhao. "Numerical Investigation on the Influence of Mechanical Draft Wet-Cooling Towers on the Cooling Performance of Air-Cooled Condenser with Complex Building Environment." Energies 12, no. 23 (November 29, 2019): 4560. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12234560.

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In air-cooled power units, an air-cooled condenser (ACC) is usually accompanied by mechanical draft wet-cooling towers (MCTs) so as to meet the severe cooling requirements of air-cooling auxiliary apparatuses, such as water ring vacuum pumps. When running, both the ACC and MCTs affected each other through their aerodynamic fields. To make the effect of MCTs on the cooling performance of the ACC more prominent, a three-dimensional (3D) numerical model was established for one 2 × 660 MW air-cooling power plant, with full consideration the ACC, MCTs and adjacent main workshops, which was validated by design data and published test results. By numerical simulation, we obtained the effect of hot air recirculation (HAR) on the cooling performance of the ACC under different working conditions and the effect of MCTs on the cooling performance of the ACC. The results showed that as the ambient wind speed increases, the hot recirculation rate (HRR) of the ACC increased and changed significantly with the change of wind directions. An increase in ambient temperature can cause a significant rise in back pressure of the ACC. The exhaust of the MCTs partially entered the ACC under the influence of ambient wind, and the HRR in the affected cooling units was higher than that of the nearby unaffected cooling units. When the MCTs were turned off, the overall HRR of the ACC decreased. The presence of MCTs had a local influence on the cooling performance of only two cooling units, and then slightly impacted the overall cooling performance of the ACC, which provides a good insight into the arrangement optimization of the ACC and the MCTs.

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Zabet, Ion, and Gratiela Maria Tarlea. "Mathematical Simulation of the Thermodynamic Processes Associated with the Vapour-Injected Scroll Compressor." E3S Web of Conferences 111 (2019): 06057. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911106057.

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Both the major energetic crisis and the global warming, which influence the worldwide economy and the future of the society, determine the development of energetic and ecological performances of both the refrigeration equipment and air conditioning systems. Thus, there is a worldwide supported effort made in order to decrease the carbon dioxide emissions resulted from the burning of fossil fuels and the other greenhouse effect gas emissions. This article presents a refrigeration system design model using a vapour injection scroll compressor and tube in tube evaporators working with refrigerant R407C. The refrigerant circuit comprises of a main evaporator, a secondary evaporator (for the injection process), scroll compressor, condenser and five expansion valves. Furthermore it uses R407C as refrigerant. The secondary refrigerant for both the main and the secondary evaporator is a 50% concentration solution of propylene-glycol and water. Secondary circuit comprises of a pump, an electric boiler, an expansion vessel and a by-pass circuit made of many stop valves. The condenser is cooled with mains water.

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33

Daraghmeh, Hafiz, Mohammed Sulaiman, Kai-Shing Yang, and Chi-Chuan Wang. "Investigation of Separated Two-Phase Thermosiphon Loop for Relieving the Air-Conditioning Loading in Datacenter." Energies 12, no. 1 (December 29, 2018): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12010105.

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This study investigates the feasibility of using R-134a filled separated two-phase thermosiphon loop (STPTL) as a free cooling technique in datacenters. Two data center racks one of them is attached with fin and tube thermosiphon were cooled by CRAC unit (computer room air conditioning unit) individually. Thermosiphon can help to partially eliminate the compressor loading of the CRAC; thus, energy saving potential of thermosiphon loop was investigated. The condenser is a water-cooled design and perfluoroalkoxy pipes were used as adiabatic riser/downcomer for easier installation and mobile capability. Tests were conducted with filling ratio ranging from 0 to 90%. The test results indicate that the energy saving increases with the rise of filling ratio and an optimum energy savings of 38.7% can be achieved at filling ratios of 70%, a further increase of filling ratio leads to a reduction in energy saving. At a low filling ratio like 10%, the evaporator starves for refrigerant and a very uneven air temperature distribution occurring at the exit of data rack. The uneven temperature distribution is relieved considerably when the evaporator is fully flooded. It is also found that the energy saving is in line with the rise of system pressure. Overfilling of the evaporator may lead to a decline of system pressure. A lower thermal resistance occurs at high filling ratios and higher ambient temperature.

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M. T. González, N. C. Petracci, M. "Air-Cooled Heat Exchanger Design Using Successive Quadratic Programming (SQP)." Heat Transfer Engineering 22, no. 3 (June 2001): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01457630121489.

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Darabi, Mohsen, Mohammad Mohammadiun, Hamid Mohammadiun, Saeed Mortazavi, and Heydar Maddah. "The simulation and design air conditioner in unit 103 of south pars with use advance exergy." International Journal of Scientific World 3, no. 1 (April 5, 2015): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijsw.v3i1.4431.

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<p>In this paper, energy recycling for distillation tower condenser was done by use of heat integration method. At first, we calculated the amount of condensation energy (QAir Cooler), in air cooler, and then we calculated energy consumption in this equipment based on annual balance (5460 GJ per year). Then, based on heat integration (energy unification), two conditions were proposed to use the current energies in the process for supplying condensation energy (QAir Cooler): first, its must be lesser than condensing temperature of condenser (55 ° C) (the major condition). Second, it must have much more flow rate than the overhead flow. According to two above conditions, the food flow as chosen as the integration factor and its amount of energy (EStream) is calculated from the Enthalpy equation as 9863964 kj/h. As EFeed >>> QAir Cooler and food flow temperature to condense an overhead vapor is satisfying. The food flow can be used to condense the saturated vapor to 55 ° C. in case of using food energy and using heat exchanger instead of air cooler; 5460 GJ energy will be saved annually. By using heat exchanger and omitting air cooler, the unit103 operating costs will be reduced considerably. Economically, conducting such a project will demand investing costs. However, obtainable incomes from doing this project (electricity consumption recycling and cost's reduction) reveal this fact that capital return rate and the project benefits for unit103 of South Pars phases2&3 are beneficial.</p>

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Butler, C., and R. Grimes. "The effect of wind on the optimal design and performance of a modular air-cooled condenser for a concentrated solar power plant." Energy 68 (April 2014): 886–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.086.

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Ge, Y. T., and S. A. Tassou. "Mathematical modelling of supermarket refrigeration systems for design, energy prediction and control." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy 214, no. 2 (March 1, 2000): 101–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0957650001538218.

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This paper describes a mathematical model developed to simulate the performance of supermarket refrigeration systems. Such a model can be used for the comparison of different systems and control strategies in terms of their energy and total equivalent warming impact. The model is based on a large number of component models which have been linked together within the TRNSYS environment. Major component models include the compressor, air-cooled condenser, thermostatic expansion valve, display cabinet and control. The overall system model has been validated against monitored data obtained from both a laboratory-based system and a full-scale system in a supermarket in Scotland. The value of the model is illustrated by determining and comparing the effectiveness of head pressure and variable-speed control against fixed head pressure and constant speed control. It is shown that even at summer ambient conditions the system can be operated without problems at much lower head pressures than is done in practice under fixed-pressure control strategies. The use of variable-speed control on one of the compressors can also provide better control of the suction pressure and a substantial (up to 23 per cent) energy savings compared to on-off control.

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Abubaker, Ahmad M., Yousef S. H. Najjar, and Adnan Darwish Ahmad. "A Uniquely Finned Tube Heat Exchanger Design of a Condenser for Heavy-Duty Air Conditioning Systems." International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration 28, no. 01 (February 28, 2020): 2050004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010132520500042.

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This study introduces the design of a novel condenser for air conditioning systems. Enhancement of performance of the system was manifested by increasing the coefficient of performance (COP), decreasing the pressure drop and the power consumed by the refrigerant compressor and the cooling water pump. The design consists of an adiabatic double-pipe heat exchanger with longitudinal rectangular fins. This model can enhance heat transfer coefficient and expose more area per unit length. This novel design supersedes other conventional condenser designs by 4.7% higher COP, 8.2% lower water pressure drop, 4.68% lower compressor power. Two refrigerants have been examined in the study; R-134a which is used in commercial and industrial chillers and R-1234ze which has low global warming potential.

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Yang, Kai-Shing, Yan-Lin Wu, Yi-Pin Chu, Yu-Lieh Wu, and Shwin-Chung Wong. "Performance Tests on a Novel Un-Finned Thermosyphon Heat Exchanger Requiring Single Charge." Processes 9, no. 6 (June 4, 2021): 995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9060995.

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A novel design of an unfinned thermosyphon HPHX having a continuous closed tube loop which requires only a single charge is proposed for industrial waste heat recovery. The HPHX consists of 9×17 straight copper tubes in a staggered arrangement connected by 144 U bends. Without fins, not only are the pressure drops of the cooling air flow limited, but the cost, weight and maintenance effort can be greatly reduced. The thermal performance of this novel thermosyphon HPHX was tested with water at a filling ratio of 40%. The evaporator section is immersed in hot silicone oil, while the condenser section is cooled by air flow. The heat transfer rate (Q) reaches 6.65 kW at a heating pool temperature of 150 °C and a cooling air flow rate (F) of 1600 CMH, when the HPHX attains maximum effective thermal conductivity of 12,798 W/m-K. An ε-NTU theoretical model for single-tube thermosyphons was formulated with the boiling and film condensation modelled by empirical correlations. This model predicts the total resistance Rtot of the HPHX, which decreases with Q and F, with a total error of less than ±10%.

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Sutina, I. Wayan, I. Gusti Bagus Wijaya Kusuma, and I. Gusti Ngurah Priambadi. "Analisa dan Desain Compact Condensor di Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Gas dan Uap (PLTGU) Tanjung Priok." Jurnal METTEK 6, no. 1 (April 30, 2020): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/mettek.2020.v06.i01.p05.

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Kondensor merupakan salah satu komponen penukar panas yang berfungsi untuk membuang panas dari fluida uap air (steam) pada sebuah sistem pembangkit listrik tenaga gas dan uap (PLTGU). Namun komponen kondensor ini memiliki dimensi yang cukup besar sehingga memerlukan lahan yang luas. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mendapatkan dimensi kondensor yang lebih ringkas (compact) yang memerlukan lahan yang sedikit dalam penerapannya dilapangan. Desain Compact kondensor diawali dengan pengambilan data dilapangan, menghitung efisiensi kondensor awal (0,44), dan proses simulasi pada aplikasi CFD desain kondensor exisiting untuk mengetahui gambara dari proses perpindahan panas yang terjadi. Proses perhitungan untuk desain compact kondensor dilakukan untuk mendapatkan ukuran dimensi dan kinerja compact kondensor. Dari hasil perhitungan desain yang dilakukan didapatkan dimensi compact kondensor dengan panjang : 2 ft = 0,6096 m, lebar : 1 ft = 0,3048 m, dan tinggi 8 ft = 2,4384 m, dengan Volume Compact kondensor = 16 ft3 = 4,8768 m3, Efisiensi Sirip : 0.924027, Efisiensi Sirip Overall: 0.936563, Efisiensi kondensor : 0.60, Pressure Drop Sisi uap : 0,5184 Bar, Pressure Drop Sisi air : 1,4734 Bar, Daya Sisi uap : 70.43555 Watt, Daya Sisi air : 25.03529 Watt. Nilai efisiensi yang dihasilkan dari desain compact kondensor lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kondensor awal dengan dimensi yang lebih kecil. The condenser is one of the heat exchanger components that functions to remove heat from the water vapor fluid (steam) in a gas and steam power plant (PLTGU) system. However, this condenser component has dimensions large enough to require a large area. This research was conducted to obtain a condenser dimension that is more compact (compact) which requires less land in its application in the field. Compact condenser design begins with data collection in the field, calculating the efficiency of the initial condenser (0.44), and the simulation process in the application of the exisiting condenser CFD design to find out the details of the heat transfer process that occurs. The calculation process for compact condenser design is carried out to get the dimensions and compact condenser size. From the results of design calculations performed, the dimensions of the compact condenser with length: 2 ft = 0.6096 m, width: 1 ft = 0.3048 m, and height 8 ft = 2.4384 m, with condenser Compact Volume = 16 ft3 = 4 , 8768 m3, Fin Efficiency: 0.924027, Overall Fin Efficiency: 0.936563, Condenser efficiency: 0.60, Pressure Drop Vapor side: 0.5184 Bar, Pressure Drop Water side: 1.4734 Bar, Steam Side Power: 70.43555 Watt, Water Side Power : 25,03529 Watt. The efficiency value resulting from the compact condenser design is higher than the initial condenser with smaller dimensions.

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Carcasci, Carlo, Lapo Cheli, Pietro Lubello, and Lorenzo Winchler. "Off-Design Performances of an Organic Rankine Cycle for Waste Heat Recovery from Gas Turbines." Energies 13, no. 5 (March 2, 2020): 1105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13051105.

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This paper presents an off-design analysis of a gas turbine Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) combined cycle. Combustion turbine performances are significantly affected by fluctuations in ambient conditions, leading to relevant variations in the exhaust gases’ mass flow rate and temperature. The effects of the variation of ambient air temperature have been considered in the simulation of the topper cycle and of the condenser in the bottomer one. Analyses have been performed for different working fluids (toluene, benzene and cyclopentane) and control systems have been introduced on critical parameters, such as oil temperature and air mass flow rate at the condenser fan. Results have highlighted similar power outputs for cycles based on benzene and toluene, while differences as high as 34% have been found for cyclopentane. The power output trend with ambient temperature has been found to be influenced by slope discontinuities in gas turbine exhaust mass flow rate and temperature and by the upper limit imposed on the air mass flow rate at the condenser as well, suggesting the importance of a correct sizing of the component in the design phase. Overall, benzene-based cycle power output has been found to vary between 4518 kW and 3346 kW in the ambient air temperature range considered.

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Veretennikov, S. V., Sh A. Piralishvili, Oleg A. Evdokimov, A. I. Guryanov, M. M. Guryanova, and A. A. Shaikina. "Research of a Vortex Condenser of the Atmospheric Moisture." International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa 40 (December 2018): 88–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jera.40.88.

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The main trends and prospects of water resources consumption, as well as existing ways of obtaining fresh drinking water, were analyzed. The design of a vortex condenser of atmospheric moisture has been provided. Its operating principle is based on the organization of free-convective flow under the temperature drop effect and air-cooling to a temperature below the dew point. The designed vortex condenser of atmospheric moisture runs on solar energy and do not require using additional energy sources. The results of numerical simulation of the flow structure in a vortex condenser of atmospheric moisture and experimental data, which confirms the formation of air flow inside the condenser and moisture condensation in its lower part, are presented.

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43

Wei, Gaosheng, Jingqiu Ren, and Wenpeng Hong. "Scheme Design and Analysis of Variable Condition of Evaporative Condenser for Steam Condensing of Steam Feeding Water Pump for 1000MW Air-cooled Unit." Energy Procedia 17 (2012): 1177–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2012.02.224.

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Doiphode, Pushpak, Manish Kumar, and Indraneel Samanta. "Simulation-Based Performance Analysis of Split Air Conditioner Incorporating Copper Tubes of Smaller Diameter." International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration 25, no. 03 (September 2017): 1750026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010132517500262.

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Increasing cost of copper material has forced air conditioner manufacturers to lower copper consumption or focus on alternative materials in air conditioning applications in order to stand at upright position in cost competitive environment. Since copper possesses most of the well-suited characteristics that are needed for the air conditioning system, choice of reducing copper material is preferred over alternative materials. Present study focuses on simulation-based design methodology and performance analysis of split air conditioning system with R32 as a refrigerant. It includes replacement of 7[Formula: see text]mm outside diameter condenser coil with 5[Formula: see text]mm diameter copper tubes. Simulation technique for investigating optimal condenser coil geometry incorporating smaller diameter tubes is also demonstrated for typical air conditioning system. Simulation results show that cost of condenser coil with reduced tube diameter is much lower than that of existing coil of higher tube diameter without any compromise in the performance of air conditioning system.

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45

Wu, Zhi Jiang. "Experimental Research on Heat Resistances of Vertical Evaportive Condenser." Applied Mechanics and Materials 313-314 (March 2013): 767–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.313-314.767.

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Based on the experiment of vertical evaporative condenser in water vapor condensation, the influence between heat resistances and water spray density, air inlet velocity, spiral inserted tube, wavy tube was studied. The results show the heat resistance at the air-water interface predominates over all other heat resistance, air-water interface heat resistance is particularly declined up to 20.65% with spiral inserted tube, and water condensation heat resistance is particularly declined up to 35.85% with wavy tube.These conclusions are useful for the design, optimization and application of this type of evaporative condenser.

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46

Zhang, Dongjie, Qin Chen, Qiuwang Wang, and Xiangyang Xu. "Optimization Design of Refuse-Incinerating Power Plant With Air-Cooled Heat Exchanger." Heat Transfer Engineering 35, no. 6-8 (November 25, 2013): 711–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01457632.2013.837788.

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Zhu, Haiyan, Wenqin Cao, and Jinliang Nie. "Design Of High Energy-Efficiency Air Conditioner With Asymmetric Fin Condenser Tube." Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing 18, no. 5 (January 2012): 525–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10798587.2012.10643262.

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Levermore, Geoffrey, Stefan Vandaele, and John Parkinson. "Temperature adjustments for design data for urban air conditioning design." Building Services Engineering Research and Technology 39, no. 2 (December 20, 2017): 211–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143624417748246.

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The urban heat island, where the urban area air temperature is higher than the nearby rural or semi-rural air temperature reference site, is now hopefully well known. The urban heat island intensity is the actual urban air temperature minus the rural air temperature. However, the “air conditioned urban heat island intensity” is measured by the air temperature sensor in an air conditioning condenser unit minus the rural air temperature. This is often different to the standard urban heat island intensity. Designers need to appreciate this difference, as it determines how the air conditioning system performs. It is most likely affected by the radiant temperature. This can also vary significantly from the rural, semi-rural radiant temperature due to the variation in solar absorptance of the urban buildings and the shading effects. Measurements have shown significant variations in the infrared temperatures over the urban areas. Calculations of the radiant absorption and long wave radiation loss also show significant differences to the rural counterparts in frequency and magnitude. This “surface urban heat island” is important for air conditioning plant situated often in areas exposed to solar irradiation. The exhaust air from the air conditioning units itself is also briefly considered. This paper examines these effects and proposes how the engineer can include for them in design. Practical application:The results of this paper will be useful for designers of buildings with air conditioning and air conditioning plant itself to assess the effect of the micro urban heat island. This micro urban heat island surrounds the air conditioning plant. The example is for London.

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Isler, Yalcin, Savas Sahin, Orhan Ekren, and Cuneyt Guzelis. "Design of microcontroller-based decentralized controller board to drive chiller systems using PID and fuzzy logic algorithms." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering 234, no. 1 (November 27, 2019): 98–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954408919885678.

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This study deals with designing a decentralized multi-input multi-output controller board based on a low-cost microcontroller, which drives both parts of variable-speed scroll compressor and electronic-type expansion valve simultaneously in a chiller system. This study aims to show the applicability of commercial low-cost microcontroller to increase the efficiency of the chiller system, having variable-speed scroll compressor and electronic-type expansion valve with a new electronic card. Moreover, the refrigerant system proposed in this study provides the compactness, mobility, and flexibility, and also a decrease in the controller unit’s budget. The study was tested on a chiller system that consists of an air-cooled condenser, a variable-speed scroll compressor, and a stepper driven electronic-type expansion valve. The R134a was used as a refrigerant fluid and its flow was controlled by electronic-type expansion valve in this setup. Both variable-speed scroll compressor and electronic-type expansion valve were driven by the proposed hardware using either proportional integral derivative or fuzzy logic controller, which defines four distinct controller modes. The experimental results show that fuzzy logic controlled electronic-type expansion valve and proportional integral derivative controlled variable-speed scroll compressor mode give more robustness by considering the response time.

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Sigarlaki, Alviano Markus, Hesky Stevy Kolibu, and Verna Albert Suoth. "PEMODELAN KONTROL SUHU, TEKANAN, DAN LAJU ALIRAN UAP PADA KONDENSOR DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN KONTROL LOGIKA FUZZY." JURNAL ILMIAH SAINS 15, no. 1 (February 10, 2015): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.35799/jis.15.1.2015.6765.

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PEMODELAN KONTROL SUHU, TEKANAN, DAN LAJU ALIRAN UAP PADA KONDENSOR DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN KONTROL LOGIKA FUZZY ABSTRAK Kondensor adalah komponen pendingin yang digunakan dalam sistem PLTP Lahendong untuk mengubah uap menjadi air. Banyak hal yang terjadi pada kondensor seperti kevakuman tekanan kondensor yang sering naik turun, serta laju aliran uap dari turbin yang tidak stabil. Hal ini dapat mempengaruhi efisiensi kerja kondensor. Pemodelan kontrol suhu, tekanan dan laju aliran uap pada kondensor dengan menggunakan kontrol logika fuzzy, dilakukan untuk memperoleh efisiensi yang baik pada proses kerja kondensor. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder dari PLTP Lahendong yang diolah dan dianalisis dengan software logika fuzzy menurut aturan rule yang ditentukan. Hasil dan analisis tersebut dipakai untuk melihat keefektifan hubungan antara input dan output. Hasil pengontrolan fuzzy dapat menunjukkan stabilitas dan keefektifan yang terjamin. Hal ini terlihat pada volume air kondensor yang cenderung stabil dengan nilai error pada RMSE adalah 0.7847. Kata kunci : Model Logika Fuzzy, Kondensor, Kontrol Logika Fuzzy DESIGN TEMPERATURE CONTROL PRESSURE STEAM FLOW RATE IN THE CONDENSER USED FUZZY LOGIC CONTROL ABSTRACT Condenser is cooling components used in the system PLTP Lahendong to change steam into water. Many things that happen in the condenser such as vacuum condenser pressure is often up and down, also the flow rate of the steam turbine unstable. This can affect the efficiency of the condenser. Design control temperature, pressure and flow rate of steam in the condenser by using fuzzy logic control, performed to obtain a good efficiency in the work process condenser. This study uses secondary data from PLTP Lahendong processed and analyzed with fuzzy logic software according to the rules specified rule. Results and analysis are used to see the effectiveness of the relationship between inputs and outputs. The results of fuzzy control can demonstrate the stability and effectiveness are guaranteed. This can be seen in the volume of water condenser with a stable trend in the RMSE error value is 0.7847. Keywords : Design Fuzzy Logic, Condenser, Control Fuzzy Logic

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Journal articles on the topic 'Design of air-cooled condenser'

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