Academic literature on the topic 'Design of Experiments (DOE)'

Les navires à passagers sont sensibles à un chavirement rapide dû à l’entrée soudaine de l’eau lors d’accidents maritimes. Durant et après la création de l’endommagement, le navire envahi peut souffrir de phases intermédiaires très dangereuses, qui risquent éventuellement de le détruire. Une investigation expérimentale utilisant la section centrale du navire à passager PRR02 – ITTC/SiW a été menée afin de déterminer les facteurs influençants ainsi que la manière dont ils interagissent entre eux. De plus, elle a pour but d’améliorer la compréhension de la physique de l’envahissement et de vérifier si l’investigation de ce type de navire est adéquate en eau calme. Une méthode innovante en ingénierie océanique, celle des Plans d’expériences (DOE), est utilisée pour planifier et conduire les tests, ainsi qu’analyser leurs résultats. Durant les phases intermédiaires d’envahissement, l’eau et l’air interagissent fortement entre eux et influencent le comportement du navire lui-même. Cette interaction est mise en évidence par la détection de trois pics importants des réponses. De plus, la présence de hautes et basses fréquences est observée dans le compartiment des machines. Ceci dépend de la compressibilité de l’air, et le ballotement de l’eau à l’intérieur de ces compartiments. Les tests confirment que le coefficient de décharge n’est pas constant pendant l’envahissement et ils l’évaluent expérimentalement. En se basant sur un plan factoriel d’expérience, un modèle mathématique caractérisant l’envahissement a été construit, validé, puis optimisé. Il met en évidence, pour le cas d’endommagement par le coté de ce type de navires, une influence marquée de la surface d’ouverture, de l’excitation externe, du tirant d’eau, ainsi que du temps de création de l’endommagement. La géométrie du compartiment des machines (disposition des blocs et perméabilité) a relativement peu d’influence. Les paramètres relatifs à l’air (envahissement transversal et niveau de ventilation) ont assez peu d’influence dans ce cas. Cette étude démontre l’utilité et l’efficacité de la méthode DOE. Elle construit la base d’élaboration d’une nouvelle procédure pour étudier la survivabilité des navires à passagers durant et après avarie. De plus, les modèles théoriques et les codes numériques pourront profiter des résultats obtenus afin d’améliorer leurs performances<br>Roll-On/Roll-Off passenger vessels appear to be sensitive to rapid capsizing due to abrupt ingress of water caused by maritime accidents. As a result of the damage creation, the flooded ship can experience transient and progressive flooding phases (Intermediate Flooding Stages, IFS) which might be more devastating than the final condition, as the sudden loading could significantly alter the ship stability characteristics. An experimental investigation using the midsection of the PRR02 – ITTC/SiW Ro-Ro passenger ferry is undertaken to determine the influential factors within the IFS, and to reveal their individual influence, as well as their interactions. More importantly, it is devoted to hopefully provide profound insight into the flooding physics and look over the adequacy of the calm water condition to assess the IFS of such vessels. A novel-in-ocean-engineering methodology, the Design of Experiments (DOE), is used to plan systematic model tests, perform them, and analyze their results. During the IFS, a strong interaction is found between, on one hand, both implicated fluids, i. E. Water and air, and, on the other hand, the model geometry and behavior. The detection of three conspicuous peaks highlights this interaction. Moreover, a two-fold behavior is observed in the Engine Room partially submerged. These behaviors are drawn by the air compressibility, the water surface, as well as the sloshing occurring inside this room. The tests confirm that the discharge coefficient for realistic flooding situations is not constant during the flooding, and estimate it experimentally. Besides, a mathematical model characterizing the IFS is successfully built, then optimized. Regarding the global behavior of such vessels suffering from side damages, it is pointed out that the Damage Opening area, the external excitation, the initial draught, and the duration of damage creation most affect the IFS; then Engine Room-related parameters (permeability and layout) come with a relatively less influence. A relatively very little influence is found for Air-related parameters (cross-flooding and air-ventilation level). This study demonstrates the validity and efficiency of applying the DOE methodology in Damaged Survivability Domain, and establishes a suitable basis to elaborating a novel assessment procedure based on ‘interactive research’ to reliably assess the damaged survivability of such vessels. Furthermore, theoretical models and numerical codes can benefit of its achievements to improve their performance and credibility

The reliability of a mechanical system containing electronic packages is highly affectedby the environment the system is stationed in. The difference and fluctuationsbetween the ambient temperature and the operating temperature of the electronicpackage cause accumulation of inelastic strains in the package components thusdecreasing the service life. The most common failure modes of an electronic packagehas been identified from inspection of malfunctioning machines as cracks in the solderjoint and delamination between the glue and the die. Knowledge regarding therelationships between parameters affecting these failure modes, which are importantand which are not, is of high interest when developing new and existing products. SAAB AB would like to develop a methodology using design exploration to allow forevaluation of electronic packages using nonlinear finite element methods. A surrogate model was created and parameterized with HyperMorph to be used forthree linear static variations of design of experiments, where both the performance ofthe methods themselves and the relative importance of the parameters were ofinterest. A connectivity condition was also implemented to allow for relativemovement between components while keeping the mesh intact. The designexploration was executed using a Taguchi design, a Modified extensive latticesequence design and a fractional factorial design where the three methods werecompared as well as the parameter significance analysed. An optimization was thenperformed to find the optimal parameter settings within the allowed bounds to beused where a nominal model and an optimized model are evaluated with animplemented creep law. The fatigue life of the two models were then estimated.<br>Tillförlitligheten hos ett mekaniskt system med elektroniska kretsar påverkas starkt av miljön systemet används i. Skillnader och fluktuationer mellan omgivningens temperatur och arbetstemperaturen för de elektroniska kretsarna orsakar ackumulering av inelastiska töjningar, därmed förkortas det mekaniska systemets livstid. Dem vanligaste fel-moderna för en elektronisk krets har identifierats genom inspektion av felande maskiner som sprickbildning i lödfogarna och delaminering mellan processorn och dess lim. Kunskap hur förhållandet mellan parametrar som påverkar dessa fel-moder, vilka som är viktiga och vilka som inte är viktiga är av högt intresse vid utveckling av nya och redan existerande produkter. SAAB AB vill utveckla en metodik som utnyttjar statistisk försöksplanering för analyserande av elektroniska kretsar med hjälp av olinjära finita element metoder för att kunna spegla dess beteende på ett realistiskt sätt. En surrogatmodell skapades och parametriserades med hjälp av HyperMorph för att användas inom tre statiskt linjära varianter av statistisk försöksplanering, där både metodens prestanda och den relativa påverkan från parametrarna var av intresse. Ett kontaktvillkor implementerades för att tillåta relativ rörelse mellan komponenter samtidigt som nätet av finita element hölls intakt. Försöksplaneringsimuleringar utfördes med en Taguchi design, en Modified extensive lattice sequence design och en fractional factorial design, där de tre metoderna jämfördes mot varandra samt analyserades vad gäller respektive parametersignifikansen. Med optimering fanns sedan en optimal modell för att kunna jämföras med en nominell modell där en kryplag implementerades i lödfogen. Livslängden beräknades sedan för båda modeller.

Content: For sustainable developments the chemical industry is continuously looking for technical innovations with wide potential implications. The Design of Experiments (DOE) approach has been proven to be a powerful tool in determining the relationship between factors affecting certain output variables. This is done to establish a 'cause and effect' relationship and eventually realize output optimization. In order to evaluate whether DOE can be implemented for improving our products and processes, a case study, focusing on the synthesis and production of traditional phenolic syntans was carried out within our R&D department. Although we can influence properties by application, the effect a retanning agent has on leather originates to a large extent from the chemistry involved. To understand interactions and the possibilities of targeted improvements of the production process, a DOE factorial design approach was used to identify the control parameters and their interactions in our phenolic syntan recipes that influence the various properties and effects. Instead of trial-and-error or one-factor-at-a-time practices, DOE made it possible to limit the number of lab experiments to one third (1/3) of the amount needed for completing our study. As a result, a much deeper and more consistent understanding of the building blocks’ interactions and how these influence the chemical process of phenolic syntan synthesis has been gained. This includes the amount of different building blocks, their molar ratios as well as process conditions. Aiming at achieving optimal efficiency for various projects, right now we are looking at possibilities in implementing DOE within Smit & zoon. Take-Away: The Design of Experiments (DOE) approach is a powerful tool in realizing process and product improvements. DOE factorial design can be used to identify control parameters and their interactions in a wide reage of (industrial) applications. DOE has been proven to be efficient and effective in optimizing phenolic syntan recipes and production process.

Lo scopo di questa tesi è quello di creare dei modelli di risposta di alcune grandezze fisiche di un motore da competizione, partendo dalla progettazione dell'attività di acquisizione dati al banco prova, per arrivare a dei risultati numerici che descrivano nel modo più fedele possibile il comportamento del motore e, dove possibile, andare a ottimizzarne le prestazioni e l'affidabilità.